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Liu Y, Li L, Wang Z, Yang L. A comprehensive profiling of renin-angiotensin system in mouse and human plasma by a rapid quantitative analysis of 14 angiotensin peptides using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9637. [PMID: 37953545 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renin-angiotensin system produces a series of biologically active angiotensin (Ang) peptides. These Ang peptides are the major regulators of blood pressure and Na homeostasis, and play a critical role in maintaining cardiovascular and fluid homeostasis. The concentration of Ang peptides in the body is at trace levels, making their detection and quantification a challenge. In this study, a rapid and sensitive analytical method using mass spectrometry coupled with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC/MS) was developed to simultaneously quantify 14 Ang peptides. METHODS UHPLC/MS was employed to quantify 14 Ang peptides in mouse and human plasma. An HSS T3 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) with an HSS T3 precolumn and triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer combined with an electrospray ionization source were utilized. Sample pretreatment involved a one-step protein precipitation using methanol. The total analysis time was within 7.5 min and the target peptides were detected in positive ion mode and quantified by selected reaction monitoring mode. RESULTS The method was validated for linearity, detection and quantification limits, precision, stability, recovery and matrix effect. The limits of detection of Ang II, Ang III, Ang-(1-7), Ang-(2-7), Ang-(3-7), Ang-(1-9), bradykinin, Asn1 and Val5 -Ang II are all less than 1 pg mL-1 , indicating high sensitivity. The intra-day and inter-day precision was within 15%, and the accuracy was between 85% and 115%. Meanwhile, the sample and reference solution were stable within 48 h, and the recovery and matrix effect met the quantitative requirements. CONCLUSIONS The method is currently reported to allow the largest number of Ang peptide species to be detected at one time. In addition, the proposed method offers a fast and reliable approach for comprehensive analysis of Ang metabolism in biological samples, facilitating research on the physiological and pathological states of cardiovascular, kidney and respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linnan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
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Swiderski J, Gadanec LK, Apostolopoulos V, Moore GJ, Kelaidonis K, Matsoukas JM, Zulli A. Role of Angiotensin II in Cardiovascular Diseases: Introducing Bisartans as a Novel Therapy for Coronavirus 2019. Biomolecules 2023; 13:787. [PMID: 37238657 PMCID: PMC10216788 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main contributors to global morbidity and mortality. Major pathogenic phenotypes of CVDs include the development of endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and hyper-inflammatory responses. These phenotypes have been found to overlap with the pathophysiological complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). CVDs have been identified as major risk factors for severe and fatal COVID-19 states. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important regulatory system in cardiovascular homeostasis. However, its dysregulation is observed in CVDs, where upregulation of angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) signaling via angiotensin II (AngII) leads to the AngII-dependent pathogenic development of CVDs. Additionally, the interaction between the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 leads to the downregulation of the latter, resulting in the dysregulation of the RAS. This dysregulation favors AngII/AT1R toxic signaling pathways, providing a mechanical link between cardiovascular pathology and COVID-19. Therefore, inhibiting AngII/AT1R signaling through angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) has been indicated as a promising therapeutic approach to the treatment of COVID-19. Herein, we review the role of AngII in CVDs and its upregulation in COVID-19. We also provide a future direction for the potential implication of a novel class of ARBs called bisartans, which are speculated to contain multifunctional targeting towards COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Swiderski
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (J.S.); (L.K.G.); (V.A.)
| | - Laura Kate Gadanec
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (J.S.); (L.K.G.); (V.A.)
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (J.S.); (L.K.G.); (V.A.)
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Graham J. Moore
- Pepmetics Incorporated, 772 Murphy Place, Victoria, BC V8Y 3H4, Canada;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | | | - John M. Matsoukas
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (J.S.); (L.K.G.); (V.A.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- NewDrug PC, Patras Science Park, 26500 Patras, Greece;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (J.S.); (L.K.G.); (V.A.)
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Soluble ANPEP Released From Human Astrocytes as a Positive Regulator of Microglial Activation and Neuroinflammation: Brain Renin-Angiotensin System in Astrocyte-Microglia Crosstalk. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100424. [PMID: 36220603 PMCID: PMC9650055 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are major supportive glia and immune modulators in the brain; they are highly secretory in nature and interact with other cell types via their secreted proteomes. To understand how astrocytes communicate during neuroinflammation, we profiled the secretome of human astrocytes following stimulation with proinflammatory factors. A total of 149 proteins were significantly upregulated in stimulated astrocytes, and a bioinformatics analysis of the astrocyte secretome revealed that the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important mechanism of astrocyte communication. We observed that the levels of soluble form of aminopeptidase N (sANPEP), an RAS component that converts angiotensin (Ang) III to Ang IV in a neuroinflammatory milieu, significantly increased in the astrocyte secretome. To elucidate the role of sANPEP and Ang IV in neuroinflammation, we first evaluated the expression of Ang IV receptors in human glial cells because Ang IV mediates biological effects through its receptors. The expression of angiotensin type 1 receptor was considerably upregulated in activated human microglial cells but not in human astrocytes. Moreover, interleukin-1β release from human microglial cells was synergistically increased by cotreatment with sANPEP and its substrate, Ang III, suggesting the proinflammatory action of Ang IV generated by sANPEP. In a mouse neuroinflammation model, brain microglial activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression levels were increased by intracerebroventricular injection of sANPEP and attenuated by an enzymatic inhibitor and neutralizing antibody against sANPEP. Collectively, our results indicate that astrocytic sANPEP-induced increase in Ang IV exacerbates neuroinflammation by interacting with microglial proinflammatory receptor angiotensin type 1 receptor, highlighting an important role of indirect crosstalk between astrocytes and microglia through the brain RAS in neuroinflammation.
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Norambuena-Soto I, Lopez-Crisosto C, Martinez-Bilbao J, Hernandez-Fuentes C, Parra V, Lavandero S, Chiong M. Angiotensin-(1-9) in hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115183. [PMID: 35870482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-(1-9) [Ang-(1-9)] is a peptide of the non-canonical renin-angiotensin system (RAS) synthesized from angiotensin I by the monopeptidase angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2). Using osmotic minipumps, infusion of Ang-(1-9) consistently reduces blood pressure in several rat hypertension models. In these animals, hypertension-induced end-organ damage is also decreased. Several pieces of evidence suggest that Ang-(1-9) is the endogenous ligand that binds and activates the type-2 angiotensin II receptor (AT2R). Activation of AT2R triggers different tissue-specific signaling pathways. This phenomenon could be explained by the ability of AT2R to form different heterodimers with other G protein-coupled receptors. Because of the antihypertensive and protective effects of AT2R activation by Ang-(1-9), associated with a short half-life of RAS peptides, several synthetic AT2R agonists have been synthesized and assayed. Some of them, particularly CGP42112, C21 and novokinin, have demonstrated antihypertensive properties. Only two synthetic AT2R agonists, C21 and LP2-3, have been tested in clinical trials, but none of them like an antihypertensive. Therefore, Ang-(1-9) is a promising antihypertensive drug that reduces hypertension-induced end-organ damage. However, further research is required to translate this finding successfully to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Norambuena-Soto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Lopez-Crisosto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Martinez-Bilbao
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Hernandez-Fuentes
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Parra
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Network for the Study of High-lethality Cardiopulmonary Diseases (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Gersh FL, O'Keefe JH, Lavie CJ, Henry BM. The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Postmenopausal Women: The Promise of Hormone Therapy. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:3130-3141. [PMID: 34736778 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol (E2) plays an underrecognized role in modulating body-wide systems, including important interactions with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). The RAAS is an immunomodulating system that is critical for maintaining homeostasis across multiple organ systems. The diverse interactions between E2 and the RAAS help maintain cardiometabolic homeostasis, including successful physiologic responses to trauma and infectious pathogens. Estradiol deficiency (ie, menopause) results in impaired responses and increased susceptibility to infectious pathogens. Both immune and cardiometabolic function decline with reduced E2 production, in part because the RAAS becomes dysregulated by E2 deficiency, leaving RAAS predominantly in its proinflammatory state and predisposing to systemic low-grade inflammation. Estradiol deficiency and RAAS dysregulation contribute to impaired immune responses and increased incidence of cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, arrhythmias, and heart failure. The RAAS consists of dual, counterbalancing pathways-proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory. Estradiol is a signaling agent that plays a major role in determining which RAAS pathway predominates. The proinflammatory pathway is activated early in response to infection or trauma, followed by up-regulation of the anti-inflammatory pathway, to resolve inflammation and to restore homeostasis. Estradiol influences activation of the "switch" to restore the anti-inflammatory state. The dysregulated RAAS is a primary target of current cardiovascular therapeutics focused on blocking portions of its proinflammatory pathway. However, RAAS-modifying pharmaceuticals often provide imperfect solutions to these physiologic disruptions and underscore the need for improved approaches to menopausal medicine. Estradiol therapy and optimal lifestyle practices combined with RAAS-modifying pharmaceuticals may be an ideal strategy to optimize postmenopausal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice L Gersh
- University of Arizona School of Medicine, Division of Integrative Medicine, Tucson, LA
| | - James H O'Keefe
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, LA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Brandon M Henry
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital, The Heart Institute, CICU, Cincinnati, OH.
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Crosstalk between the renin-angiotensin, complement and kallikrein-kinin systems in inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 22:411-428. [PMID: 34759348 PMCID: PMC8579187 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During severe inflammatory and infectious diseases, various mediators modulate the equilibrium of vascular tone, inflammation, coagulation and thrombosis. This Review describes the interactive roles of the renin–angiotensin system, the complement system, and the closely linked kallikrein–kinin and contact systems in cell biological functions such as vascular tone and leakage, inflammation, chemotaxis, thrombosis and cell proliferation. Specific attention is given to the role of these systems in systemic inflammation in the vasculature and tissues during hereditary angioedema, cardiovascular and renal glomerular disease, vasculitides and COVID-19. Moreover, we discuss the therapeutic implications of these complex interactions, given that modulation of one system may affect the other systems, with beneficial or deleterious consequences. The renin–angiotensin, complement and kallikrein–kinin systems comprise a multitude of mediators that modulate physiological responses during inflammatory and infectious diseases. This Review investigates the complex interactions between these systems and how these are dysregulated in various conditions, including cardiovascular diseases and COVID-19, as well as their therapeutic implications.
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7
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Long X, Huang Y, He J, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Wei Y, Tang Y, Liu L. Upregulation of miR‑335 exerts protective effects against sepsis‑induced myocardial injury. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:806. [PMID: 34542164 PMCID: PMC8477184 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Septicemia is associated with excessive inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, causing myocardial injury that results in high mortality and disability rates worldwide. The abnormal expression of multiple microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) is associated with more severe sepsis-induced myocardial injury (SIMI) and miR-335 has been shown to protect cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress. The present study aimed to investigate the role of miR-335 in SIMI. An SIMI model was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice. An miRNA-335 precursor (pre-miR-335) was transfected to accelerate miR-335 expression and an miR-335 inhibitor (anti-miR-335) was used to inhibit miR-335 expression. CLP or sham surgery was performed on pre-miR-335, anti-miR-335 and wild-type mice and miR-335 expression was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10) and troponin (cTNI), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were assessed using commercial kits. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and cardiac function was assessed using a Langendorff isolated cardiac perfusion system. miR-335 expression was upregulated and an elevation in inflammatory factors and cTNI, BNP, CK, LDH and AST was observed. Compared with the wild-type control group, pre-miR-335 mice treated with CLP exhibited significantly reduced left ventricular development pressure, maximum pressure increased reduction rates, as well as decreased levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10, myocardial injury and apoptosis; by contrast, these features were amplified in CLP-treated anti-miR-335 mice. In conclusion, the upregulation of miR-335 exerted ameliorative effects on myocardial injury following sepsis and may indicate a novel therapeutic intervention for SIMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Long
- Department of Clinic, Medicine School, Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P.R. China
| | - Yongpan Huang
- Department of Clinic, Medicine School, Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P.R. China
| | - Jianbin He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Huaihua, Affiliated to University of South China, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Clinic, Medicine School, Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Clinic, Medicine School, Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P.R. China
| | - Yingmin Wei
- Department of Clinic, Medicine School, Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Clinic, Medicine School, Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P.R. China
| | - Lijing Liu
- Department of Clinic, Medicine School, Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P.R. China
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Zanon P, Pizzato SB, da Rosa RL, Terraciano PB, Moraes JA, Beys-da-Silva WO, Santi L, Yates JR, Passos EP, Barja-Fidalgo C, Guimarães JA, Berger M. Urine proteomic analysis reveals alterations in heme/hemoglobin and aminopeptidase metabolism during Lonomia obliqua venom-induced acute kidney injury. Toxicol Lett 2021; 341:11-22. [PMID: 33472085 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Accidental contact with the Lonomia obliqua caterpillar is a common event in southern Brazil. Envenomed victims present consumption coagulopathy, which can evolve to acute kidney injury (AKI). In the present study, we searched for AKI biomarkers and changes in molecular pathway signatures through urine proteomic analysis. METHODOLOGY Male Wistar rats were injected with L. obliqua venom (1.5 mg/kg, via s.c.) or 0.9 % NaCl and distributed into metabolic cages. After 24 h, urine was obtained, and the set of differentially regulated proteins was analyzed by MudPIT technology in an OrbiTRAP mass spectrometer. RESULTS L. obliqua venom leads to an increase in urine output and water and electrolyte excretion and to an increase in the albumin to creatine ratio in urine. The proteomic analysis revealed an up-regulation of tubular injury biomarkers, such as neutrophil-gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C, in urine from envenomed rats. Several components related to the heme scavenging system were up-regulated or exclusively identified in urine from envenomed animals. There was an increase in urinary heme levels and hemoglobin subunits, hemopexin, haptoglobin, and biliverdin reductase. Similarly, kinin- and angiotensin-generating/degrading peptidases, such as kallikreins, neprilysin, plasmin, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, cathepsin D, kininogen, and neutral, basic, glutamyl, and acidic aminopeptidases, were also up-regulated in urine. CONCLUSIONS L. obliqua envenomation induced tubular and glomerular injury, probably involving heme/hemoglobin toxicity and an imbalance in the kinin/angiotensin generating/degrading system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Zanon
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Beal Pizzato
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Lopes da Rosa
- Laboratório de Proteômica e Microbiologia Molecular, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular de Molecular (PPGBCM), Centro de Biotecnologia (Cbiot-UFRGS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Barros Terraciano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - João Alfredo Moraes
- Laboratório de Biologia REDOX, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Walter Orlando Beys-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Proteômica e Microbiologia Molecular, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular de Molecular (PPGBCM), Centro de Biotecnologia (Cbiot-UFRGS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Santi
- Laboratório de Proteômica e Microbiologia Molecular, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular de Molecular (PPGBCM), Centro de Biotecnologia (Cbiot-UFRGS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jonh R Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo Pandolfi Passos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Christina Barja-Fidalgo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jorge Almeida Guimarães
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular de Molecular (PPGBCM), Centro de Biotecnologia (Cbiot-UFRGS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Markus Berger
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Liu HQ, Li J, Liu XL, Zhao X, Ma HC. Folic acid and RAAS blockers in ischemia/reperfusion-induced hepatic injury: A current mechanistic concept for understanding the incidence, significance & outcome. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 327:109187. [PMID: 32610055 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is not only one of the pathophysiological process involving the liver, but also a complex systemic process affecting multiple tissues and organs. IRI after liver transplant occurs due to in major resections and occlusion of vessels, or during the perioperative period, leads to acute liver failure which shows the dynamic process that involves two interrelated phases of local ischemic insult and inflammation-mediated reperfusion injury and has an impact on morbidity and mortality. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is activated locally in the injured cells by the occurrence of I/R, which plays an essential role in the fate of the damaged tissue. However, a preclinical study explores the protective role of RAAS inhibitor in acute liver injury in a model of inflammation caused by ischemia and reperfusion. In-addition to RAAS blockers in monotherapy does not effectively block the complete pathway. Thus, the present study is designed to explore the effect of combined folic acid with RAAS blockers in combination, produce a synergistic effect. Moreover, in this review, we will describe the understanding of the possible incidence of downregulatory molecular mechanisms associated with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the significance & outcome of the combination of folic acid and RAAS blockers in liver injury due to ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Qiu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street, Changchun, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street, Changchun, China.
| | - Hai-Chun Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street, Changchun, China.
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Zheng J, Guo Y, Hu B, Zhu L, Yang Y, Li S, Li N, Liu H. Serum metabolomic profiles reveal the impact of BuZangTongLuo formula on metabolic pathways in diabetic mice with hindlimb ischemia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112928. [PMID: 32371144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE BuZangTongLuo Formula (BZTLF) was the decoction of eight traditional Chinese medicines including Astragalus membranaceus, Dioscorea opposita, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Scrophularia ningpoensis, Ophiopogon japonicus, Panax ginseng, Fritillariae cirrhosae and Whitmania pigra. This formula has been used as an effective remedy for treatment of diabetic ischemia clinically. AIM OF THE STUDY In previous study, we have reported the therapeutic effect of BZTLF on diabetic vascular dysfunction. However, it remains obscure about the role of metabolic pathways in BZTLF-initiated improvement on hindlimb ischemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetic mice with hindlimb ischemia were orally administrated with BZTLF by gavage. The serum samples were prepared for untargeted metabolomic analysis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer. The metabolic network was built by integrating metabolite data with the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset (GSE3313). Further, quantitative PCR was used to confirm the key target genes. RESULTS BZTLF treatment remarkably led to the reversal of changed metabolite levels in serum of diabetic mice with hindlimb ischemia, which mainly derived from bacteria, plant and signaling molecules. Also, BZTLF reshaped the metabolic pathways, especially those responsible for metabolism of lipid, gluthanine and tryptophan. In addition, BZTLF led to the reduction of lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) and increment of triglycerides (TGs) conjugation with non-saturated fatty acids in serum. BZTLF significantly restored the down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) or the up-regulation of interleukin 4-induced 1 (IL4I1) and cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1 (CYP1B1) at mRNA level, which were key regulatory genes located in metabolic pathways of glutamate and tryptophan. CONCLUSIONS BZTLF improved hindlimb ischemia in diabetic mice by the positive regulation of metabolome changes in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Zheng
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanshan Road 34, Chongqing, 400065, China; College of Life Sciences, Wuchang University of Technology, Jiangxia Avenue 16, Wuhan, 430223, China; College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu 16, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yanlei Guo
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanshan Road 34, Chongqing, 400065, China
| | - Baifei Hu
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanshan Road 34, Chongqing, 400065, China; College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu 16, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanshan Road 34, Chongqing, 400065, China; College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu 16, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanshan Road 34, Chongqing, 400065, China
| | - Shengrong Li
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanshan Road 34, Chongqing, 400065, China
| | - Na Li
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanshan Road 34, Chongqing, 400065, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanshan Road 34, Chongqing, 400065, China; College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu 16, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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11
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Paladini F, Fiorillo MT, Tedeschi V, Mattorre B, Sorrentino R. The Multifaceted Nature of Aminopeptidases ERAP1, ERAP2, and LNPEP: From Evolution to Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1576. [PMID: 32793222 PMCID: PMC7390905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human genome, the aminopeptidases ERAP1, ERAP2 and LNPEP lie contiguously on chromosome 5. They share sequence homology, functions and associations with immune-mediated diseases. By analyzing their multifaceted activities as well as their expression in the zoological scale, we suggest here that the progenitor of the three aminopeptidases might be LNPEP from which the other two aminopeptidases could have derived by gene duplications. We also propose that their functions are partially redundant. More precisely, the evolutionary story of the three aminopeptidases might have been dictated by their role in regulating the renin–angiotensin system, which requires their controlled and coordinated expression. This hypothesis is supported by the many species that lack one or the other gene as well as by the lack of ERAP2 in rodents and a null expression in 25% of humans. Finally, we speculate that their role in antigen presentation has been acquired later on during evolution. They have therefore been diversified between those residing in the ER, ERAP1 and ERAP2, whose role is to refine the MHC-I peptidomes, and LNPEP, mostly present in the endosomal vesicles where it can contribute to antigen cross-presentation or move to the cell membrane as receptor for angiotensin IV. Their association with autoinflammatory/autoimmune diseases can therefore be two-fold: as “contributors” to the shaping of the immune-peptidomes as well as to the regulation of the vascular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Paladini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorillo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Tedeschi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mattorre
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Sorrentino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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12
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Lumlertgul N, Ostermann M. Roles of angiotensin II as vasopressor in vasodilatory shock. Future Cardiol 2020; 16:569-583. [PMID: 32462921 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2020-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Shock is an acute condition of circulatory failure resulting in life-threatening organ dysfunction, high morbidity and high mortality. Current management includes fluid and catecholamine therapy to maintain adequate mean arterial pressure and organ perfusion. Norepinephrine is recommended as first-line vasopressor, but other agents are available. Angiotensin II is an alternative potent vasoconstrictor without chronotropic or inotropic properties. Several studies, including a large randomized controlled trial have demonstrated its ability to increase blood pressure with catecholamine-sparing effects. Angiotensin II was consequently approved by the US FDA in 2017 and the EU in 2019 as an add-on vasopressor in vasodilatory shock. This review aims to discuss its basic pharmacology, clinical efficacy, safety and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttha Lumlertgul
- Department of Critical Care, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.,Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Excellence Center for Critical Care Nephrology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Critical Care Nephrology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Marlies Ostermann
- Department of Critical Care, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
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13
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Computational study of novel natural inhibitors targeting aminopeptidase N(CD13). Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8523-8535. [PMID: 32388498 PMCID: PMC7244087 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To screen and identify ideal leading compounds from a drug library (ZINC15 database) with potential inhibition of aminopeptidase N(CD13) to contribute to medication design and development. Results: Two novel natural compounds, ZINC000000895551 and ZINC000014820583, from the ZINC15 database were found to have a higher binding affinity and more favorable interaction energy binding with CD13 with less rodent carcinogenicity, Ames mutagenicity, and non-inhibition with cytochrome P-450 2D6. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis suggested that the 2 complexes, ZINC000000895551-CD13 and ZINC000014820583-CD13, have favorable potential energy, and exist stably in the natural circumstances. Conclusion: This study discovered that ZINC000000895551 and ZINC000014820583 were ideal leading compounds to be inhibitions targeting to CD13. These compounds were selected as safe drug candidates as CD13 target medication design and improvement. Materials and Method: Potential inhibitors of CD13 were identified using a series of computer-aided structural and chemical virtual screening techniques. Structure-based virtual screening was carried out to calculate LibDock scores, followed by analyzing their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion and toxicity predictions. Molecule docking was employed to reveal binding affinity between the selected compounds and CD13. Molecular dynamics simulation was applied to evaluate stability of the ligand-CD13 complex under natural environment.
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14
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de Souza P, da Silva LM, de Andrade SF, Gasparotto Junior A. Recent Advances in the Knowledge of Naturally-derived Bioactive Compounds as Modulating Agents of the Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System: Therapeutic Benefits in Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:670-684. [PMID: 30931846 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190329122443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the biggest challenges to public health worldwide is to reduce the number of events and deaths related to the cardiovascular diseases. Numerous approaches have been applied to reach this goal, and drug treatment intervention has been indispensable along with an effective strategy for reducing both cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade is currently one of the most important targets of cardiovascular drug therapy. Many studies have proven the valuable properties of naturally-derived bioactive compounds to treat cardiovascular diseases. METHODS The goal of this review, therefore, is to discuss the recent developments related to medicinal properties about natural compounds as modulating agents of the RAAS, which have made them an attractive alternative to be available to supplement the current therapy options. RESULTS Data has shown that bioactive compounds isolated from several natural products act either by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme or directly by modulating the AT1 receptors of angiotensin II, which consequently changes the entire classical axis of this system. CONCLUSION While there are a few evidence about the positive actions of different classes of secondary metabolites for the treatment of cardiovascular and renal diseases, data is scarce about the clinical assays established to demonstrate their value in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila de Souza
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Nucleo de Investigacoes Quimico-Farmaceuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901 Itajai, SC, Brazil
| | - Luisa M da Silva
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Nucleo de Investigacoes Quimico-Farmaceuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901 Itajai, SC, Brazil
| | - Sérgio F de Andrade
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Nucleo de Investigacoes Quimico-Farmaceuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901 Itajai, SC, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratorio de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
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15
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Chen Y, Zhao W, Liu C, Meng W, Zhao T, Bhattacharya SK, Sun Y. Molecular and Cellular Effect of Angiotensin 1-7 on Hypertensive Kidney Disease. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:460-467. [PMID: 30715105 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies implicate that angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) imparts protective effects in the kidney. However, its relevance in hypertensive kidney disease is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of Ang1-7 on renal damage/remodeling during hypertension and its potential underlying molecular-cellular mechanisms. METHODS Hypertension was induced in adult Sprague-Dawley rats by infusion of aldosterone (ALDO; 0.75 μg/hour) for 4 weeks with or without co-treatment of Ang1-7 (1 mg/kg/day). Untreated rats served as controls. Systolic blood pressure was monitored by tail-cuff technique. Renal fibrosis was evaluated by picrosirius red staining and renal collagen volume fraction was quantitated using imaging analyzing system. The expression of profibrotic factors [transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor-D (PDGF-D), fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs)] and free radical producing enzymes (inducible nitric oxide synthase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH] oxidase) in the kidney were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Renal oxidative stress was assessed by malondialdehyde (MDA) measurement. RESULTS Chronic ALDO infusion caused hypertension and hypertensive renal disease represented as glomerular damage/sclerosis. Ang1-7 co-treatment did not affect blood pressure in ALDO-treated rats, but significantly attenuated the glomerular damage/fibrosis. ALDO treatment significantly elevated renal expression of profibrogenic factors, including TGF-β1, TIMP-1/TIMP-2, FGF-1, PDGF-D, and VEGF-D, whereas Ang1-7 co-treatment significantly reduced renal TGF-β1, TIMP-1/TIMP-2, and FGF-1, but not PDGF-D and VEGF-D. Furthermore, ALDO infusion elevated NADPH oxidase (gp91phox) and MDA in the kidney, which was attenuated by Ang1-7 co-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Ang1-7 plays a protective role in the hypertensive kidney disease independent of blood pressure. The beneficial effects of Ang1-7 are likely mediated via suppressing TGF-β/FGF-1 pathways and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjian Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wenyuan Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Weixin Meng
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tieqiang Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Syamal K Bhattacharya
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yao Sun
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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16
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Zhou J, He F, Sun B, Liu R, Gao Y, Ren H, Shu Y, Chen X, Liu Z, Zhou H, Deng S, Xu H, Li J, Xu L, Zhang W. Polytropic Influence of TRIB3 rs2295490 Genetic Polymorphism on Response to Antihypertensive Agents in Patients With Essential Hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:236. [PMID: 30971918 PMCID: PMC6445854 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) mediating signaling pathways are closely related to blood pressure regulation. Our previous findings suggested a greater benefit on vascular outcomes in patients carrying TRIB3 (251, A > G, rs2295490) G allele with good glucose and blood pressure control. And TRIB3 (rs2295490) AG/GG genotypes were found to reduce primary vascular events in type 2 diabetic patients who received intensive glucose treatment as compared to those receiving standard glucose treatment. However, the effect of TRIB3 genetic variation on antihypertensives was not clear in essential hypertension patients. A total of 368 patients treated with conventional dosage of antihypertensives (6 groups, grouped by atenolol/bisoprolol, celiprolol, doxazosin, azelnidipine/nitrendipine, imidapril, and candesartan/irbesartan) were enrolled in our study. Genetic variations were successfully identified by sanger sequencing. A linear mixed model analysis was performed to evaluate blood pressures among TRIB3 (251, A > G) genotypes and adjusted for baseline age, gender, body mass index, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol and other biochemical factors appropriately. Our data suggested that TRIB3 (251, A > G) AA genotype carriers showed better antihypertensive effect than the AG/GG genotype carriers [P = 0.014 for DBP and P = 0.042 for mean arterial pressure (MAP)], with a maximal reduction of DBP by 4.2 mmHg and MAP by 3.56 mmHg after azelnidipine or nitrendipine treatment at the 4th week. Similar tendency of DBP-change and MAP-change was found for imidapril (ACEI) treatment, in which marginally significances were achieved (P = 0.073 and 0.075, respectively). Against that, we found that TRIB3 (251, A > G) AG/GG genotype carriers benefited from antihypertensive therapy of ARBs with a larger DBP-change during the period of observation (P = 0.036). Additionally, stratified analysis revealed an obvious difference of the maximal blood pressure change (13 mmHg for the MAP between male and female patients with AA genotype who took ARBs). Although no significant difference in antihypertensive effect between TRIB3 (251, A > G) genotypes in patients treated with α, β-ADRs was observed, we found significant difference in age-, sex-dependent manner related to α, β-ADRs. In conclusion, our data supported that TRIB3 (251, A > G) genetic polymorphism may serve as a useful biomarker in the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiecan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Fazhong He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bao Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongchao Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huan Ren
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Precision Medicine Center, and Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Linyong Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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17
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Rodríguez-Lara SQ, García-Benavides L, Miranda-Díaz AG. The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System as a Therapeutic Target in Late Injury Caused by Ischemia-Reperfusion. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:3614303. [PMID: 29849615 PMCID: PMC5904808 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3614303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a well-known phenomenon that involves different pathophysiological processes. Connection in diverse systems of survival brings about cellular dysfunction or even apoptosis. One of the survival systems of the cells, to the assault caused by ischemia, is the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (also known as an axis), which is focused on activating diverse signaling pathways to favor adaptation to the decrease in metabolic supports caused by the hypoxia. In trying to adapt to the I/R event, great changes occur that unchain cellular dysfunction with the capacity to lead to cell death, which translates into a poor prognosis due to the progression of dysfunction of the cellular activity. The search for the understanding of the diverse therapeutic alternatives in molecular coupling could favor the prognosis and evolution of patients who are subject to the I/R process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simón Quetzalcóatl Rodríguez-Lara
- University of Guadalajara, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, University Health Sciences Centre, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Leonel García-Benavides
- University of Guadalajara, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, University Health Sciences Centre, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz
- University of Guadalajara, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, University Health Sciences Centre, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
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18
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Qiu H, Wu Y, Wang Q, Liu C, Xue L, Wang H, Wu Q, Jiang Q. Effect of berberine on PPAR α-NO signalling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation induced by angiotensin IV. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:227-232. [PMID: 27927051 PMCID: PMC6130450 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1257642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The available treatments for the abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are still dismal. Berberine has been demonstrated to possess extensive medicine activity, yet relatively little is known about its effect on VSMCs proliferation. Many studies showed that PPARα and NO participated in the process of VSMCs proliferation. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of berberine and its possible influence on PPARα-NO pathway in angiotensin IV-stimulated VSMCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The primary VSMCs were cultured with the tissue explants method, and the proliferation was characterized by MTT and protein content. Protein and mRNA expression were measured by Western blot and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. NO synthase (NOS) activity was measured using a spectrophotometric assay, and NO concentration was measured using the Griess assay. RESULTS Angiotensin IV (0.1 nmol/L)-induced VSMCs proliferation was evidenced by increasing the optical density at A490 and total protein content (p < 0.01), which was inhibited by berberine (10, 30 and 100 μmol/L) in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Angiotensin IV decreased the expression of PPARα at mRNA and protein level (p < 0.05), which occurred in parallel with declining eNOS mRNA expression, NOS activity and NO concentration (p < 0.01). Berberine at 30 μmol/L reversed the effects of angiotensin IV in VSMCs (p < 0.05), which were abolished by MK 886 (0.3 μmol/L) (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results support the therapeutic effects of berberine on angiotensin IV-induced proliferation in cultured VSMCs at least partially through targeting the PPARα-NO signalling pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/analogs & derivatives
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Berberine/pharmacology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- PPAR alpha/agonists
- PPAR alpha/genetics
- PPAR alpha/metabolism
- Primary Cell Culture
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Quanhua Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Changqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Lai Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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Malinauskas M, Wallenius V, Fändriks L, Casselbrant A. Local expression of AP/AngIV/IRAP and effect of AngIV on glucose-induced epithelial transport in human jejunal mucosa. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2015; 16:1101-8. [PMID: 26311161 DOI: 10.1177/1470320315599514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently it was shown that the classic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is locally expressed in small intestinal enterocytes and exerts autocrine control of glucose transport. The aim of this study was to investigate if key components for the Angiotensin III (AngIII) and IV (AngIV) formation enzymes and the AngIV receptor, insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP), are present in the healthy jejunal mucosa. A second aim was to investigate AngIV effects on glucose-induced mucosal transport in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS Enteroscopy with mucosal biopsy sampling was performed in healthy volunteers. ELISA, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the protein levels and localization. The functional effect of AngIV was examined in Ussing chambers. RESULTS The substrate Angiotensin II, the enzymes aminopeptidases-A, B, M as well as IRAP were detected in the jejunal mucosa. Immunohistochemistry localized the enzymes to the apical brush-border membrane whereas IRAP was localized in the subapical cytosolic compartment in the enterocyte. AngIV increased the glucose-induced electrogenic transport in vitro. CONCLUSION The present study indicates the presence of substrates and enzymes necessary for AngIV formation as well as the receptor IRAP in the jejunal mucosa. The functional data suggest that AngIV regulates glucose uptake in the healthy human small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Malinauskas
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - V Wallenius
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L Fändriks
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Casselbrant
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Tolpygo SM, Pevtsova EI, Kotov AV. Behavioral and Hemodynamic Effects of Free and Protein-Bound Angiotensin IV in Rats in Experimental Hypo- and Hyperglycemia: Comparative Aspects. Bull Exp Biol Med 2015. [PMID: 26205719 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-015-2946-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In rats with acute hypo- and hyperglycemia the initial effects of free angiotensin IV and its complexes with functionally different carrier proteins (transport protein BSA, neuron-specific protein S100b) on hemodynamics and behavior of rats were qualitatively altered, in comparison with those in intact animals. At the same time, free angiotensin IV under conditions of hypo- and hyperglycemia paradoxically acquired functions of angiotensin II (moderate hypertension, tachycardia, polydipsia and activation of instrumental drinking behavior). Concurrently, complexes of angiotensin IV with BSA and S100b acquired functions of free angiotensin IV (hypotensia, suppression of drinking behavior). It is suggested that complexes of angiotensin IV with functionally different proteins are involved in a differentiated way first in compensation of behavior and hemodynamics impairment produced by acute and/or chronic hypo- and hyperglycemia, and then in qualitative transformation of these adaptive processes into stable pathological condition involving mechanisms of so called "metabolic memory".
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Tolpygo
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia,
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The RGS2 (-391, C>G) genetic variation correlates to antihypertensive drug responses in Chinese patients with essential hypertension. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121483. [PMID: 25849301 PMCID: PMC4388730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Regulators of G-protein signaling protein 2 (RGS2) play an irreplaceable role in the control of normal blood pressure (BP). One RGS2 (-391, C>G) genetic variation markedly changes its mRNA expression levels. This study explored the relationship between this genetic variation and the responses to antihypertensive drugs in Chinese patients with essential hypertension. METHODS Genetic variations of RGS2 were successfully identified in 367 specimens using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assays. All patients were treated with conventional doses of antihypertensives after a 2-week run-in period and followed-up according to our protocol. A general linear model multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the data analysis. RESULTS A significant difference in the mean systolic BP change was observed between RGS2 (-391, C>G) CC/CG (n = 82) and GG (n = 38) genotype carriers (-13.6 vs. -19.9 mmHg, P = 0.043) who were treated with candesartan, irbesartan or imidapril at the end of 6 weeks. In addition, the patients' BP responses to α,β-adrenergic receptor blockers exhibited an age-specific association with the RGS2 (-391, C>G) genetic variation at the end of 4 weeks. CONCLUSION The RGS2 (-391, C>G) genetic polymorphism may serve as a biomarker to predict a patient's response to antihypertensive drug therapy, but future studies need to confirm this.
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Yamasaki SC, Mendes MT, Alponti RF, Silveira PF. Efficacy of parenteral administration of bee venom in experimental arthritis in the rat: a comparison with methotrexate. Toxicon 2015; 98:75-88. [PMID: 25727381 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of bee venom (BV) to treat inflammation and pain in arthritis has become increasingly common. This study aimed to compare the effects of BV and methotrexate (MTX), the most used disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug, in arthritic rats. Edema, erythema, cyanosis, hyperalgesia, reduction of the body mass gain, high circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and anti-type II collagen antibodies (AACII), and altered activity of basic (APB) and neutral (APN) aminopeptidases and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) are present in arthritic rats. MTX and/or BV do not affect AACII in healthy or arthritic individuals, but restores TNF-α to normal levels in arthritic rats. BV restores body mass gain to normal levels and MTX ameliorates body mass gain. BV contains DPPIV. BV restores APN in synovial fluid (SF) and in soluble fraction (S) from synovial tissue (ST), and DPPIV in solubilized membrane-bound fraction (M) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). MTX restores APN of SF, as well as ameliorates APB of S-PBMCs, APN of S-ST and DPPIV of M-PBMCs. The combination therapy does not overcome the effects of BV or MTX alone on the peptidase activities. Edema is ameliorated by MTX or BV alone. MTX, but not BV, is effective in reducing hyperalgesia. Data show that anti-arthritic effects of BV at non-acupoints are not negligible when compared with MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone C Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Unit of Translational Endocrine Physiology and Pharmacology, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500 Vital Brasil, CEP 05503-900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Interdepartmental Biotechnology Program at Instituto Butantan and Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, Edifício ICB III, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana T Mendes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Unit of Translational Endocrine Physiology and Pharmacology, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500 Vital Brasil, CEP 05503-900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela F Alponti
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Unit of Translational Endocrine Physiology and Pharmacology, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500 Vital Brasil, CEP 05503-900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo F Silveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Unit of Translational Endocrine Physiology and Pharmacology, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500 Vital Brasil, CEP 05503-900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Basu U, Seravalli J, Madayiputhiya N, Adamec J, Case AJ, Zimmerman MC. Rapid metabolism of exogenous angiotensin II by catecholaminergic neuronal cells in culture media. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/2/e12287. [PMID: 25649249 PMCID: PMC4393196 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) acts on central neurons to increase neuronal firing and induce sympathoexcitation, which contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension and heart failure. Numerous studies have examined the precise AngII-induced intraneuronal signaling mechanism in an attempt to identify new therapeutic targets for these diseases. Considering the technical challenges in studying specific intraneuronal signaling pathways in vivo, especially in the cardiovascular control brain regions, most studies have relied on neuronal cell culture models. However, there are numerous limitations in using cell culture models to study AngII intraneuronal signaling, including the lack of evidence indicating the stability of AngII in culture media. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that exogenous AngII is rapidly metabolized in neuronal cell culture media. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we measured levels of AngII and its metabolites, Ang III, Ang IV, and Ang-1-7, in neuronal cell culture media after administration of exogenous AngII (100 nmol/L) to a neuronal cell culture model (CATH.a neurons). AngII levels rapidly declined in the media, returning to near baseline levels within 3 h of administration. Additionally, levels of Ang III and Ang-1-7 acutely increased, while levels of Ang IV remained unchanged. Replenishing the media with exogenous AngII every 3 h for 24 h resulted in a consistent and significant increase in AngII levels for the duration of the treatment period. These data indicate that AngII is rapidly metabolized in neuronal cell culture media, and replenishing the media at least every 3 h is needed to sustain chronically elevated levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmi Basu
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Javier Seravalli
- Department of Biochemistry, Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Nandakumar Madayiputhiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Jiri Adamec
- Department of Biochemistry, Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Adam J Case
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Matthew C Zimmerman
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Manzel A, Domenig O, Ambrosius B, Kovacs A, Stegbauer J, Poglitsch M, Mueller DN, Gold R, Linker RA. Angiotensin IV is induced in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis but fails to influence the disease. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2014; 9:533-43. [PMID: 24854706 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-014-9548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS) and its corresponding animal models, over-activity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been reported and pharmacological RAS blockade exerts beneficial effects. The RAS generates a number of bioactive angiotensins, thereby primarily regulating the body's sodium homeostasis and blood pressure. In this regard, angiotensin IV (AngIV), a metabolite of the RAS has been shown to modulate inflammatory responses. Here we studied potential implications of AngIV signalling in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide induced murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a close-to-MS animal model. Mass spectrometry revealed elevated plasma levels of AngIV in EAE. Expression of cognate AT4 receptors was detected in macrophages and T cells as major drivers of pathology in EAE. Yet, AngIV did not modulate macrophage or T cell functions in vitro or displayed detectable effects on neuroantigen specific immune responses in vivo. The data argue against a major contribution of AngIV signalling in the immunopathogenesis of MOG-EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arndt Manzel
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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25
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Nikolaou A, Stijlemans B, Laoui D, Schouppe E, Tran HTT, Tourwé D, Chai SY, Vanderheyden PML, Van Ginderachter JA. Presence and regulation of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase in mouse macrophages. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 15:466-79. [DOI: 10.1177/1470320313507621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Nikolaou
- Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Benoit Stijlemans
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Belgium
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Damya Laoui
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Belgium
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Elio Schouppe
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Belgium
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Huyen TT Tran
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Belgium
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Dirk Tourwé
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Siew Y Chai
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Australia
| | | | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Belgium
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
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Björkman E, Edebo A, Fändriks L, Casselbrant A. Angiotensin IV and the human esophageal mucosa: An exploratory study in healthy subjects and gastroesophageal reflux disease patients. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 16:570-7. [PMID: 24452037 DOI: 10.1177/1470320313512389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The human esophageal mucosa expresses various components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), e.g. the main effector peptide angiotensin II (AngII). The aim of this study was to investigate the esophageal presence of angiotensin III (AngIII) and angiotensin IV (AngIV) forming enzymes and the AngIV receptor (AT4R). The aim was also to study the actions of AngIV and to look for aberrations in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Esophageal biopsies were collected from healthy volunteers (n: 19) and individuals with erosive reflux disease (n: 14). Gene transcripts and protein expression of aminopeptidase A, -B and -M, and the AT4R were investigated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR), western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The functional impact of AngIV was examined in an Ussing chamber. RESULTS Aminopeptidase A, -B and -M and the AT4R were expressed in the esophageal epithelium. The AT4R was less prominent in certain areas in the mucosa of reflux patients. AngIV influenced the esophageal epithelial ion transport. The impact was lower in patients with GERD. CONCLUSION The AT4R and formation enzymes of AngIII and AngIV are present in the human esophageal epithelium. Moreover, the present results suggest that AngIV exert regulatory impact on the epithelium and that RAS is involved in mucosal aberrations associated with GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Björkman
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Edebo
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Fändriks
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Casselbrant
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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To M, Takagi D, Akashi K, Kano I, Haruki K, Barnes PJ, Ito K. Sputum Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Elevation by Oxidative Stress-Dependent Nuclear Factor-κB Activation in COPD. Chest 2013; 144:515-521. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.12-2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Angiotensin IV upregulates the activity of protein phosphatase 1α in Neura-2A cells. Protein Cell 2013; 4:520-8. [PMID: 23744339 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-013-3005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The peptide angiotensin IV (Ang IV) is a derivative of angiotensin II. While insulin regulated amino peptidase (IRAP) has been proposed as a potential receptor for Ang IV, the signalling pathways of Ang IV through IRAP remain elusive. We applied high-resolution mass spectrometry to perform a systemic quantitative phosphoproteome of Neura-2A (N2A) cells treated with and without Ang IV using sta ble-isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), and identified a reduction in the phosphorylation of a major Ser/Thr protein phosphorylase 1 (PP1) upon Ang IV treatment. In addition, spinophilin (spn), a PP1 regulatory protein that plays important functions in the neural system, was expressed at higher levels. Immunoblotting revealed decreased phosphorylation of p70S6 kinase (p70(S6K)) and the major cell cycle modulator retinoblastoma protein (pRB). These changes are consistent with an observed decrease in cell proliferation. Taken together, our study suggests that Ang IV functions via regulating the activity of PP1.
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Segersvärd H, Lakkisto P, Forsten H, Immonen K, Kosonen R, Palojoki E, Kankuri E, Harjula A, Laine M, Tikkanen I. Effects of angiotensin II blockade on cardiomyocyte regeneration after myocardial infarction in rats. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2013; 16:92-102. [DOI: 10.1177/1470320313487567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Päivi Lakkisto
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Hanna Forsten
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Riikka Kosonen
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eeva Palojoki
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Esko Kankuri
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Harjula
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Mika Laine
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Ilkka Tikkanen
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
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Modification of Normal Activities of Angiotensin II and Angiotensin IV in Rats with Experimental Hypo- and Hyperglycemia. Bull Exp Biol Med 2012; 153:667-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-012-1794-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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31
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Lehmann HI, Wolke C, Malenke W, Röhl FW, Hammwöhner M, Bukowska A, Lendeckel U, Goette A. Enzymatic activity of DPIV and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) proteases in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and primary prevention implantable cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD). Int J Cardiol 2012; 168:255-60. [PMID: 23063136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients (pts) with severely decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LV-EF ≤ 35%) are at high risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD). We sought to investigate, if pts with primary prevention ICD hold alterations in enzyme-activities of the dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase IV (DPIV) and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) before VT/VF occurrence. METHODS 57 Pts (53 male, mean age 64.9 [42-84] years, mean LV-EF 26 ± 5%) with ischemic (n=49) or non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (n=8) who had received an ICD/CRT-D for primary prevention, were included. Pts were assessed for appropriate ICD intervention for VT/VF during a mean follow-up of 365 ± 90 days. Serum levels of dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase IV (DPIV), aminopeptidase N (APN), aminopeptidase B (APB), insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP), and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) were determined. RESULTS Pts with appropriate ICD intervention (n=16) had higher serum activities of IRAP (mean difference=12.681 pkat/mL; p=0.007), and DPIV (mean difference=117.557 pkat/mL; p=0.032) than pts without appropriate ICD intervention. Furthermore, ACE2 activity was significantly higher (median: 223.7 RFU/smL vs. 169.10 RFU/smL; p=0.037). A Cox regression analysis indicated DPIV activity >50th centile to have a hazard ratio (HR) of 5.955 (CI 95%: 1.670-21.241; p=0.006) for prediction of appropriate ICD intervention. In a multivariate Cox regression model, DPIV and IRAP >50th centile remained predictive for appropriate ICD intervention. CONCLUSION Our prospective study shows that pts with primary prevention ICD, who receive appropriate ICD intervention during follow-up, can be identified by elevated activities of DPIV and several RAS proteases. Hence, theses biomarkers seem to be of prognostic relevance in a primary prevention collective. Our data has to be proven in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Immo Lehmann
- Working Group of Molecular Electrophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Wong AHM, Zhou D, Rini JM. The X-ray crystal structure of human aminopeptidase N reveals a novel dimer and the basis for peptide processing. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:36804-13. [PMID: 22932899 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.398842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human aminopeptidase N (hAPN/hCD13) is a dimeric membrane protein and a member of the M1 family of zinc metallopeptidases. Within the rennin-angiotensin system, its enzymatic activity is responsible for processing peptide hormones angiotensin III and IV. In addition, hAPN is also involved in cell adhesion, endocytosis, and signal transduction and it is an important target for cancer therapy. Reported here are the high resolution x-ray crystal structures of the dimeric ectodomain of hAPN and its complexes with angiotensin IV and the peptidomimetic inhibitors, amastatin and bestatin. Each monomer of the dimer is found in what has been termed the closed form in other M1 enzymes and each monomer is characterized by an internal cavity surrounding the catalytic site as well as a unique substrate/inhibitor-dependent loop ordering, which in the case of the bestatin complex suggests a new route to inhibitor design. The hAPN structure provides the first example of a dimeric M1 family member and the observed structural features, in conjunction with a model for the open form, provide novel insights into the mechanism of peptide processing and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan H M Wong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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Lu SJ, Chong FC. Combining molecular docking and molecular dynamics to predict the binding modes of flavonoid derivatives with the neuraminidase of the 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:4496-4507. [PMID: 22605992 PMCID: PMC3344228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13044496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of flavonoid derivatives inhibitors release through the inhibition of neuraminidase has been identified as a potential target for the treatment of H1N1 influenza disease. We have employed molecular dynamics simulation techniques to optimize the 2009 H1N1 influenza neuraminidase X-ray crystal structure. Molecular docking of the compounds revealed the possible binding mode. Our molecular dynamics simulations combined with the solvated interaction energies technique was applied to predict the docking models of the inhibitors in the binding pocket of the H1N1 influenza neuraminidase. In the simulations, the correlation of the predicted and experimental binding free energies of all 20 flavonoid derivatives inhibitors is satisfactory, as indicated by R2 = 0.75.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Jen Lu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Department of Research and Development, BroadMaster Biotech Co., Ltd.: 7F., No.168-2, Liancheng Rd., Zhonghe Dist., New Taipei City 23553, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-266375859; Fax: +886-222428332
| | - Fok-Ching Chong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; E-Mail:
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Neutral aminopeptidase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV in the development of collagen II-induced arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 173:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Martínez-Martos JM, Arrazola M, Mayas MD, Carrera-González MP, García MJ, Ramírez-Expósito MJ. Diet-induced hypercholesterolemia impaired testicular steroidogenesis in mice through the renin-angiotensin system. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 173:15-9. [PMID: 21536044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia and low testosterone concentrations in men are associated with a high risk factor for atherosclerosis. It is known that cholesterol serves as the major precursor for the synthesis of the sex hormones. The bioactive peptides of the renin-angiotensin-system localized in the gonads play a key role in the relation between cholesterol and testosterone by modulating steroidogenesis and inhibiting testosterone production. In the present work, we evaluated the effects of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia on circulating testosterone levels and its relationship with the testicular RAS-regulating specific aminopeptidase activities in male mouse. A significant decrease in serum circulating levels of testosterone was observed after induced hypercholesterolemia. The changes found in aminopeptidase activities suggest a role of Ang III and Ang IV in the regulation of steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Martínez-Martos
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group BIO296, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
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Angiotensin-(1-7) infusion is associated with increased blood pressure and adverse cardiac remodelling in rats with subtotal nephrectomy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2011; 120:335-45. [PMID: 21091432 PMCID: PMC3018845 DOI: 10.1042/cs20100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) 2 is expressed in the heart and kidney and metabolizes Ang (angiotensin) II to Ang-(1–7) a peptide that acts via the Ang-(1–7) or mas receptor. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of Ang-(1–7) on blood pressure and cardiac remodelling in a rat model of renal mass ablation. Male SD (Sprague–Dawley) rats underwent STNx (subtotal nephrectomy) and were treated for 10 days with vehicle, the ACE inhibitor ramipril (oral 1 mg·kg−1 of body weight·day−1) or Ang-(1–7) (subcutaneous 24 μg·kg−1 of body weight·h−1) (all n = 15 per group). A control group (n = 10) of sham-operated rats were also studied. STNx rats were hypertensive (P<0.01) with renal impairment (P<0.001), cardiac hypertrophy (P<0.001) and fibrosis (P<0.05), and increased cardiac ACE (P<0.001) and ACE2 activity (P<0.05). Ramipril reduced blood pressure (P<0.01), improved cardiac hypertrophy (P<0.001) and inhibited cardiac ACE (P<0.001). By contrast, Ang-(1–7) infusion in STNx was associated with further increases in blood pressure (P<0.05), cardiac hypertrophy (P<0.05) and fibrosis (P<0.01). Ang-(1–7) infusion also increased cardiac ACE activity (P<0.001) and reduced cardiac ACE2 activity (P<0.05) compared with STNx-vehicle rats. Our results add to the increasing evidence that Ang-(1–7) may have deleterious cardiovascular effects in kidney failure and highlight the need for further in vivo studies of the ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/mas receptor axis in kidney disease.
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Feng CH, Chou CH, Chuang LY, Lu CY. Identification of the Metabolites of Angiotensin II (1-8) in MES-13 Cells by a Simple NanoLC-MS-MS System: A Preliminary Platform. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2010.511742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mendes MT, Murari-do-Nascimento S, Torrigo IR, Alponti RF, Yamasaki SC, Silveira PF. Basic aminopeptidase activity is an emerging biomarker in collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 167:215-21. [PMID: 21324345 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2011.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the catalytic activity of basic aminopeptidase (APB) and its association with periarticular edema and circulating tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and type II collagen (CII) antibodies (AACII) in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) induced by CII (CIA). Edema does not occur in part of CII-treated, even when AACII is higher than in control. TNF-alpha is detectable only in edematous CII-treated. APB in synovial membrane is predominantly a membrane-bound activity also present in soluble form and with higher activity in edematous than in non-edematous CII-treated or control. Synovial fluid and blood plasma have lower APB in non-edematous than in edematous CII-treated or control. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) the highest levels of APB are found in soluble form in control and in membrane-bound form in non-edematous CII-treated. CII treatment distinguishes two categories of rats: one with arthritic edema, high AACII, detectable TNF-alpha, high soluble and membrane-bound APB in synovial membrane and low APB in the soluble fraction of PBMCs, and another without edema and with high AACII, undetectable TNF-alpha, low APB in the synovial fluid and blood plasma and high APB in the membrane-bound fraction of PBMCs. Data suggest that APB and CIA are strongly related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Trivilin Mendes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Vaajanen A, Lakkisto P, Virtanen I, Kankuri E, Oksala O, Vapaatalo H, Tikkanen I. Angiotensin receptors in the eyes of arterial hypertensive rats. Acta Ophthalmol 2010; 88:431-8. [PMID: 19758401 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2009.01563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to determine whether the eye tissues of arterial hypertensive rats evince expression of angiotensin receptors (AT(1) and AT(2)) as well as the novel Mas receptor, whose endogenous ligand is vasorelaxing Angiotensin (1-7) [Ang (1-7)]. METHODS Enucleated eyes from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and double transgenic rats harbouring human renin and angiotensinogen genes (dTGR) and their normotensive controls were used. Half of the rats were pretreated orally with an Angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor blocker (ARB). The eyes were snap-frozen in isopentane at -40 degrees and stored at -70 degrees for subsequent reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis or in vitro autoradiography. RESULTS The mRNA expression of AT(1a) and AT(2) as well as the novel Mas receptor was detected in all rat groups, being markedly higher in the retina than in the ciliary body. dTGR had significantly more receptors than SHR, but no direct relation to blood pressure level was seen. According to the autoradiography, treatment with ARB blocked a part of AT(1) receptors but had no clear effect on AT(2) receptors. CONCLUSION The novel Mas receptor was found by RT-PCR in eye tissue for the first time. Its specific ligand, Ang (1-7), may be involved in the regulation of intraocular pressure--as recently demonstrated by us--and in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases as a counter-regulatory component for the vascular and proliferative actions of Ang II. The results suggest that the density of AT(1) receptors in the eye is independent of the blood pressure level of the animal.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/pharmacology
- Angiotensinogen/genetics
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Autoradiography
- Blood Pressure
- Ciliary Body/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Hypertension/genetics
- Intraocular Pressure
- Male
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Renin/genetics
- Retina/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Vaajanen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Pevtsova EI, Tolpygo SM, Obukhova MF, Kotov AV. Complexes of Angiotensin IV with Functionally Different Proteins in the Regulation of Drinking Behavior and Hemodynamics in Rats. Bull Exp Biol Med 2010; 148:738-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-010-0805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that advancing age is associated with an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) comprise the major arterial cell population, and changes in VSMC behavior, function, and redox status with age contribute to alterations in vascular remodeling and cell signaling. Over two decades of work on aged animal models provide support for age-related changes in VSMC and/or arterial tissues. Enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and insufficient removal by scavenging systems are hallmarks of vascular aging. VSMC proliferation and migration are core processes in vascular remodeling and influenced by growth factors and signaling networks. The intrinsic link between gene regulation and aging often relates directly to transcription factors and their regulatory actions. Modulation of growth factor signaling leads to up- or downregulation of transcription factors that control expression of genes associated with VSMC proliferation, inflammation, and ROS production. Four major signaling pathways related to the transcription factors, AP-1, NF-kappaB, FoxO, and Nrf2, will be reviewed. Knowledge of age-related changes in signaling pathways in VSMC that lead to alterations in cell behavior and function consistent with disease progression may help in efforts to attenuate age-related CVD, such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyao Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, 05405, USA
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Abstract
Although initially considered relatively harmless pathogens, human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are nowadays known to be associated with more severe clinical complications. Still, their precise pathogenic potential is largely unknown, particularly regarding the most recently identified species HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1. HCoVs need host cell proteins to successively establish infections. Proteases of the renin–angiotensin system serve as receptors needed for entry into target cells; this article describes the current knowledge on the involvement of this system in HCoV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte A Wevers
- Center for Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Center for Infection & Immunity Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 226600, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lia van der Hoek
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection & Immunity Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 226600, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31 205 667 510; ;
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Conner KR, Payne VS, Forbes ME, Robbins ME, Riddle DR. Effects of the AT1 receptor antagonist L-158,809 on microglia and neurogenesis after fractionated whole-brain irradiation. Radiat Res 2010; 173:49-61. [PMID: 20041759 DOI: 10.1667/rr1821.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction develops in approximately 50% of patients who receive fractionated whole-brain irradiation and survive 6 months or more. The mechanisms underlying these deficits are unknown. A recent study demonstrated that treatment with the angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist (AT(1)RA) L-158,809 before, during and after fractionated whole-brain irradiation prevents or ameliorates radiation-induced cognitive deficits in adult rats. Given that (1) AT(1)RAs may function as anti-inflammatory drugs, (2) inflammation is thought to contribute to radiation injury, and (3) radiation-induced inflammation alters progenitor cell populations, we tested whether the cognitive benefits of L-158,809 treatment were associated with amelioration of the sustained neuroinflammation and changes in neurogenesis that are induced by fractionated whole-brain irradiation. In rats examined 28 and 54 weeks after irradiation, L-158,809 treatment did not alter the effects of radiation on the number and activation of microglia in the perirhinal cortex and hippocampus, nor did it prevent the radiation-induced decrease in proliferating cells and immature neurons in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that L-158,809 does not prevent or ameliorate radiation-induced cognitive deficits by modulation of chronic inflammatory mechanisms, but rather may reduce radiation-induced changes that occur earlier in the postirradiation period and that lead to cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R Conner
- Program in Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1010, USA
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Abstract
New components and functions of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are still being unravelled. The classical RAS as it looked in the middle 1970s consisted of circulating renin, acting on angiotensinogen to produce angiotensin I, which in turn was converted into angiotensin II (Ang II) by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Ang II, still considered the main effector of RAS was believed to act only as a circulating hormone via angiotensin receptors, AT1 and AT2. Since then, an expanded view of RAS has gradually emerged. Local tissue RAS systems have been identified in most organs. Recently, evidence for an intracellular RAS has been reported. The new expanded view of RAS therefore covers both endocrine, paracrine and intracrine functions. Other peptides of RAS have been shown to have biological actions; angiotensin 2-8 heptapeptide (Ang III) has actions similar to those of Ang II. Further, the angiotensin 3-8 hexapeptide (Ang IV) exerts its actions via insulin-regulated amino peptidase receptors. Finally, angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) acts via mas receptors. The discovery of another ACE2 was an important complement to this picture. The recent discovery of renin receptors has made our view of RAS unexpectedly complex and multilayered. The importance of RAS in cardiovascular disease has been demonstrated by the clinical benefits of ACE inhibitors and AT1 receptor blockers. Great expectations are now generated by the introduction of renin inhibitors. Indeed, RAS regulates much more and diverse physiological functions than previously believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fyhrquist
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research and Department of Internal Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Zambotti-Villela L, Yamasaki SC, Villarroel JS, Alponti RF, Silveira PF. Prospective evaluation of aminopeptidase activities in plasma and peripheral organs of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Endocrinol Invest 2008; 31:492-8. [PMID: 18591879 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The cleavage of peptides by aminopeptidase enzyme types could be among the mechanisms related to certain disruptions on mediator and modulatory functions in diabetes mellitus. In order to examine this hypothesis, we measured representative aminopeptidase activities in tissues of peripheral organs of control and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. None of the examined aminopeptidase activities differed between diabetics and controls in plasma, ileum, stomach or lung. Soluble and membrane-associated alanyl, and membrane-associated cystyl aminopeptidase activities were higher in the kidney of diabetics. Decreased activity was observed in soluble and membrane-associated aspartyl and soluble dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, while increased activity was observed in soluble alanyl, arginyl, and cystyl aminopeptidases in the pancreas of diabetics. In the jejunum, soluble cystyl aminopeptidase increased in diabetics. Soluble arginyl and type-1-pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase and membrane-associated dipeptidyl-peptidase IV activities increased in the liver of diabetics. Membrane-associated dipeptidyl-peptidase IV and alanyl aminopeptidase activities in the spleen were higher in diabetics than in controls. Membrane-associated alanyl aminopeptidase activity also increased in the heart of diabetics. All these changes in streptozotocin-treated rats were avoided by the administration of insulin. Our comparative analysis of a diverse array of aminopeptidase activities supported the proposal that the regulation of peptide cleavage by these enzyme types is associated with the effects of streptozotocin-diabetes mellitus on peripheral organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zambotti-Villela
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Gauthier KM, Zhang DX, Cui L, Nithipatikom K, Campbell WB. Angiotensin II relaxations of bovine adrenal cortical arteries: role of angiotensin II metabolites and endothelial nitric oxide. Hypertension 2008; 52:150-5. [PMID: 18490519 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.107.104158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin (Ang) II regulates adrenal steroidogenesis and adrenal cortical arterial tone. Vascular metabolism could decrease Ang II concentrations and produce metabolites with vascular activity. Our goals were to study adrenal artery Ang II metabolism and to characterize metabolite vascular activity. Bovine adrenal cortical arteries were incubated with Ang II (100 nmol/L) for 10 and 30 minutes. Metabolites were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Ang (1-7), Ang III, and Ang IV concentrations were 146+/-21, 173+/-42 and 58+/-11 pg/mg at 10 minutes and 845+/-163, 70+/-14, and 31+/-3 pg/mg at 30 minutes, respectively. Concentration-related relaxations of U46619-preconstricted cortical arteries to Ang II (maximum relaxation=29+/-3%; EC(50)=3.4 pmol/L) were eliminated by endothelium removal and inhibited by the NO synthase inhibitor, nitro-L-arginine (30 micromol/L; maximum relaxation=14+/-7%). Ang II relaxations were enhanced by the angiotensin type-1 receptor antagonist losartan (1 micromol/L; maximum relaxation=41+/-3%; EC(50)=11 pmol/L). Losartan-enhanced Ang II relaxations were inhibited by nitro-L-arginine (maximum relaxation=18+/-5%) and the angiotensin type-2 receptor antagonist PD123319 (10 micromol/L; maximum relaxation=27+/-5%). Ang (1-7) and Ang III caused concentration-related relaxations with less potency (EC(50)=43 and 24 nmol/L, respectively) but similar efficacy (maximum relaxations=39+/-3% and 48+/-5%, respectively) as losartan-enhanced Ang II relaxations. Ang (1-7) relaxations were inhibited by nitro-L-arginine (maximum relaxation=16+/-4%) and the Ang (1-7) receptor antagonist 7(D)-Ala-Ang (1-7) (1 micromol/L; maximum relaxation=10+/-3%) and eliminated by endothelium removal. Thus, Ang II metabolism by adrenal cortical arteries to metabolites with decreased vascular activity represents an inactivation pathway possibly decreasing Ang II presentation to adrenal steroidogenic cells and limits Ang II vascular effects.
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MESH Headings
- 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid/pharmacology
- Adrenal Cortex/blood supply
- Angiotensin I/pharmacology
- Angiotensin II/metabolism
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/pharmacology
- Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Blockers
- Angiotensin III/pharmacology
- Animals
- Arteries/drug effects
- Arteries/metabolism
- Arteries/physiology
- Cattle
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Losartan/pharmacology
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/drug effects
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/physiology
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/physiology
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
- Vasodilation
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Gauthier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Juhanson P, Kepp K, Org E, Veldre G, Kelgo P, Rosenberg M, Viigimaa M, Laan M. N-acetyltransferase 8, a positional candidate for blood pressure and renal regulation: resequencing, association and in silico study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2008; 9:25. [PMID: 18402670 PMCID: PMC2330028 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-9-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Kidneys have an important function in blood pressure (BP) regulation and elevated BP may lead to kidney failure. Chr2p12-p13 region linked to BP traits in multiple studies harbours a potential candidate for BP and renal function, N-acetyltransferase 8 (NAT8) expressed in embryonic and adult kidney and associated with nephrotoxicity response. Methods/Results We report the first study exploring NAT8 as a potential candidate gene for blood pressure and kidney function. The resequencing (n = 42, random Estonian samples) identified 15 NAT8 polymorphisms, including 6 novel variants. The diversity of NAT8 5' upstream region (π/bp = 0.00320) exceeded up to 10 times the variation in the NAT8 genic region (π/bp = 0.00037) as well as the average variation (π/bp = 0.00040) for the promoters of 29 reference genes associated with hypertension. We suggest that a potential source for such high variation could be an active gene conversion process from NAT8B duplicate gene to NAT8. Similarly to NAT8, several reference genes with the most variable upstream regions have also duplicate copies. The NAT8 promoter SNPs were targeted with pilot quantitative association studies for blood pressure (n = 137, healthy unrelated individuals) and for the index of kidney function – estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; n = 157 hypertensives with and without nephropathy). Minor alleles of these polymorphisms revealed a significant protective effect against elevated systolic BP as well as kidney failure in hypertension patients (p < 0.05; linear regression model, addictive effect). Conclusion The full resequencing and pilot association study of a novel positional candidate gene for blood pressure and renal function, human N-acetyltransferase 8, suggested a contribution of highly variable NAT8 promoter polymorphisms in determination of systolic blood pressure and eGFR. Based on in silico analysis, we raise the hypothesis that the alternative SNP alleles of the NAT8 upstream region may have differential effect on gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peeter Juhanson
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
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Role of central and peripheral aminopeptidase activities in the control of blood pressure: a working hypothesis. Heart Fail Rev 2008; 13:339-53. [PMID: 18373194 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-007-9066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Although there is a large body of knowledge on protein synthesis, the available data on protein catabolism, although quite substantial, are still inadequate. This is due to the marked differences in the activity of proteolytic enzymes, compounded by different substrate specificities and multiple environmental factors. Understanding enzyme behavior under physiological and pathological conditions requires the identification of specific proteolytic activities, such as aminopeptidases, as able to degrade certain peptidergic hormones or neuropeptides. Another requirement is the isolation, purification and characterization of the enzymes involved. In addition, systematic studies are needed to determine each enzyme's subcellular location, tissue distribution, and the influence of environmental factors such as diurnal rhythm, age, gender, diet, cholesterol, or steroids. Central and peripheral aminopeptidases may play a role in the control of blood pressure by coordinating the effect of the different peptides of the renin-angiotensin system cascade, acting through the AT(1), AT(2), and AT(4) receptors. Our review of the available data suggests the hypothesis that cholesterol or steroids, particularly testosterone, significantly influence aminopeptidase activities, their substrate availability and consequently their functions. These observations may have relevant clinical implications for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, and thus for their treatment with aminopeptidase inhibitors.
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Abstract
About 330 targets bind approved drugs, 270 encoded by the human genome and 60 belonging to pathogenic organisms. A large number of druggable targets have been recently proposed from preclinical and first clinical data, but a huge reservoir of putative drug targets, possibly several thousands, remains to be explored. This overview considers the different types of ligands and their selectivity in the main superfamilies of drug targets, enzymes, membrane transporters and ion channels, and the various classes of membrane and nuclear receptors with their signalling pathway. Recently approved drugs such as monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase and proteasome inhibitors, and major drugs under clinical studies are reviewed with their molecular target and therapeutic interest. The druggability of emerging targets is discussed, such as multidrug resistance transporters and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotides-gated (HCN), cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) and transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and receptor activator of NFkappaB (RANK) receptors, integrins, and orphan or recently deorphanized G-protein-coupled and nuclear receptors. Large advances have been made in the therapeutical use of recombinant cytokines and growth factors (i.e. tasonermin, TNFalpha-1a; becaplermin, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF); dibotermin-alpha, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP)2; anakinra, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IRAP), and in enzyme replacement therapy, i.e. algasidase (alpha-galactosidase) and laronidase (alpha-l-iduronidase). New receptor classes are emerging, e.g. membrane aminopeptidases, and novel concepts are stimulating drug research, e.g. epigenetic therapy, but the molecular target of some approved drugs, such as paracetamol and imidazolines, still need to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Landry
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, UMR-CNRS 7175, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Louis Pasteur-Strasbourg I, BP 24, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France.
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