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Elsayed AK, Aldous N, Alajez NM, Abdelalim EM. Identifying miRNA Signatures Associated with Pancreatic Islet Dysfunction in a FOXA2-Deficient iPSC Model. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024:10.1007/s12015-024-10752-0. [PMID: 38916841 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetes involves complex changes in the expression profiles of mRNA and non-coding RNAs within pancreatic islet cells. Recent progress in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology have allowed the modeling of diabetes-associated genes. Our recent study using FOXA2-deficient human iPSC models has highlighted an essential role for FOXA2 in the development of human pancreas. Here, we aimed to provide further insights on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) by studying the miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks in iPSC-derived islets lacking the FOXA2 gene. Consistent with our previous findings, the absence of FOXA2 significantly downregulated the expression of islet hormones, INS, and GCG, alongside other key developmental genes in pancreatic islets. Concordantly, RNA-Seq analysis showed significant downregulation of genes related to pancreatic development and upregulation of genes associated with nervous system development and lipid metabolic pathways. Furthermore, the absence of FOXA2 in iPSC-derived pancreatic islets resulted in significant alterations in miRNA expression, with 61 miRNAs upregulated and 99 downregulated. The upregulated miRNAs targeted crucial genes involved in diabetes and pancreatic islet cell development. In contrary, the absence of FOXA2 in islets showed a network of downregulated miRNAs targeting genes related to nervous system development and lipid metabolism. These findings highlight the impact of FOXA2 absence on pancreatic islet development and suggesting intricate miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks affecting pancreatic islet cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K Elsayed
- Laboratory of Pluripotent Stem Cell Disease Modeling, Translational Medicine Department, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- Stem Cell Core, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Noura Aldous
- Laboratory of Pluripotent Stem Cell Disease Modeling, Translational Medicine Department, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nehad M Alajez
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center (TCIC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Essam M Abdelalim
- Laboratory of Pluripotent Stem Cell Disease Modeling, Translational Medicine Department, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar.
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
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Umashankar B, Eliasson L, Ooi CY, Kim KW, Shaw JAM, Waters SA. Beyond insulin: Unraveling the complex interplay of ER stress, oxidative damage, and CFTR modulation in CFRD. J Cyst Fibros 2024:S1569-1993(24)00082-1. [PMID: 38897882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
CF-related diabetes (CFRD) is a prevalent comorbidity in people with Cystic Fibrosis (CF), significantly impacting morbidity and mortality rates. This review article critically evaluates the current understanding of CFRD molecular mechanisms, including the role of CFTR protein, oxidative stress, unfolded protein response (UPR) and intracellular communication. CFRD manifests from a complex interplay between exocrine pancreatic damage and intrinsic endocrine dysfunction, further complicated by the deleterious effects of misfolded CFTR protein on insulin secretion and action. Studies indicate that ER stress and subsequent UPR activation play critical roles in both exocrine and endocrine pancreatic cell dysfunction, contributing to β-cell loss and insulin insufficiency. Additionally, oxidative stress and altered calcium flux, exacerbated by CFTR dysfunction, impair β-cell survival and function, highlighting the significance of antioxidant pathways in CFRD pathogenesis. Emerging evidence underscores the importance of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) in mediating inflammatory and stress responses, offering novel insights into CFRD's molecular landscape. Despite insulin therapy remaining the cornerstone of CFRD management, the variability in response to CFTR modulators underscores the need for personalized treatment approaches. The review advocates for further research into non-CFTR therapeutic targets, emphasizing the need to address the multifaceted pathophysiology of CFRD. Understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying CFRD will pave the way for innovative treatments, moving beyond insulin therapy to target the disease's root causes and improve the quality of life for individuals with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala Umashankar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Chee Y Ooi
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Ki Wook Kim
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Virology and Serology Division (SaViD), New South Wales Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - James A M Shaw
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Shafagh A Waters
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Chamgordani MK, Bardestani A, Ebrahimpour S, Esmaeili A. In diabetic male Wistar rats, quercetin-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have an effect on the SIRT1/p66Shc-mediated pathway related to cognitive impairment. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 24:81. [PMID: 38129872 PMCID: PMC10734159 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-023-00725-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quercetin (QC) possesses a variety of health-promoting effects in pure and in conjugation with nanoparticles. Since the mRNA-SIRT1/p66Shc pathway and microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in the oxidative process, we aimed to compare the effects of QC and QC-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (QCSPIONs) on this pathway. METHODS Through the use of the chemical coprecipitation technique (CPT), SPIONs were synthesized, coated with dextran, and conjugated with quercetin. Adult male Wistar rats were given intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin to look for signs of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The animals were randomized into five groups: the control group got deionized water (DI), free QC solution (25 mg/kg), SPIONs (25 mg/kg), and QCSPIONs (25 mg/kg), and all groups received repeat doses administered orally over 35 days. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to assess the levels of miR-34a, let-7a-p5, SIRT1, p66Shc, CASP3, and PARP1 expression in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. RESULTS In silico investigations identified p66Shc, CASP3, and PARP1 as targets of let-7a-5p and miR-34a as possible regulators of SIRT1 genes. The outcomes demonstrated that diabetes elevated miR-34a, p66Shc, CASP3, and PARP1 and downregulated let-7a-5p and SIRT1 expression. In contrast to the diabetic group, QCSPIONs boosted let-7a-5p expression levels and consequently lowered p66Shc, CASP3, and PARP1 expression levels. QCSPIONs also reduced miR-34a expression, which led to an upsurge in SIRT1 expression. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that QCSPIONs can regulate the SIRT1/p66Shc-mediated signaling pathway and can be considered a promising candidate for ameliorating the complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Karami Chamgordani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, P.O. Box: 8174673441, Iran
| | - Akram Bardestani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, P.O. Box: 8174673441, Iran
| | - Shiva Ebrahimpour
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, P.O. Box: 8174673441, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Esmaeili
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, P.O. Box: 8174673441, Iran.
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Aldous N, Elsayed AK, Alajez NM, Abdelalim EM. iPSC-Derived Pancreatic Progenitors Lacking FOXA2 Reveal Alterations in miRNA Expression Targeting Key Pancreatic Genes. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1082-1097. [PMID: 36749553 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we reported that forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) is required for the development of human pancreatic α- and β-cells. However, whether miRNAs play a role in regulating pancreatic genes during pancreatic development in the absence of FOXA2 expression is largely unknown. Here, we aimed to capture the dysregulated miRNAs and to identify their pancreatic-specific gene targets in pancreatic progenitors (PPs) derived from wild-type induced pluripotent stem cells (WT-iPSCs) and from iPSCs lacking FOXA2 (FOXA2-/-iPSCs). To identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs), and genes (DEGs), two different FOXA2-/-iPSC lines were differentiated into PPs. FOXA2-/- PPs showed a significant reduction in the expression of the main PP transcription factors (TFs) in comparison to WT-PPs. RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated significant reduction in the mRNA expression of genes involved in the development and function of exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Furthermore, miRNA profiling identified 107 downregulated and 111 upregulated DEmiRs in FOXA2-/- PPs compared to WT-PPs. Target prediction analysis between DEmiRs and DEGs identified 92 upregulated miRNAs, predicted to target 1498 downregulated genes in FOXA2-/- PPs. Several important pancreatic TFs essential for pancreatic development were targeted by multiple DEmiRs. Selected DEmiRs and DEGs were further validated using RT-qPCR. Our findings revealed that FOXA2 expression is crucial for pancreatic development through regulating the expression of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine genes targeted by a set of miRNAs at the pancreatic progenitor stage. These data provide novel insights of the effect of FOXA2 deficiency on miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks controlling pancreatic development and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Aldous
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar.,Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed K Elsayed
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nehad M Alajez
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer and Immunity Center (TCIC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Essam M Abdelalim
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar. .,Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
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5
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Yang X, Feng C, Feng J. Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2023; 28:10742484231151820. [PMID: 36752345 DOI: 10.1177/10742484231151820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a long-term chronic disease, and cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), one of the cardiovascular complications of diabetes, has many uncertain factors. Epicardial fat, as the heart fat bank, functions as fatty tissue and is the heart's endocrine organ. The existence of diabetes affects the distribution of heart fat and promotes the secretion of adipokine. In different pathological conditions, it can promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokine, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, and even autophagy, thus affecting cardiac function. In this paper, we will elaborate on the mechanism of epicardial fat in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Yang
- Chest Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Milk Exosomal microRNAs: Postnatal Promoters of β Cell Proliferation but Potential Inducers of β Cell De-Differentiation in Adult Life. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911503. [PMID: 36232796 PMCID: PMC9569743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell expansion and functional maturation during the birth-to-weaning period is driven by epigenetic programs primarily triggered by growth factors, hormones, and nutrients provided by human milk. As shown recently, exosomes derived from various origins interact with β cells. This review elucidates the potential role of milk-derived exosomes (MEX) and their microRNAs (miRs) on pancreatic β cell programming during the postnatal period of lactation as well as during continuous cow milk exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX. Mechanistic evidence suggests that MEX miRs stimulate mTORC1/c-MYC-dependent postnatal β cell proliferation and glycolysis, but attenuate β cell differentiation, mitochondrial function, and insulin synthesis and secretion. MEX miR content is negatively affected by maternal obesity, gestational diabetes, psychological stress, caesarean delivery, and is completely absent in infant formula. Weaning-related disappearance of MEX miRs may be the critical event switching β cells from proliferation to TGF-β/AMPK-mediated cell differentiation, whereas continued exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX miRs via intake of pasteurized cow milk may reverse β cell differentiation, promoting β cell de-differentiation. Whereas MEX miR signaling supports postnatal β cell proliferation (diabetes prevention), persistent bovine MEX exposure after the lactation period may de-differentiate β cells back to the postnatal phenotype (diabetes induction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-52-4198-8060
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Jeje SO, Adenawoola M, Abosede C. Gestational Nutrition as a Predisposing Factor to Obesity Onset in Offspring: Role for Involvement of Epigenetic Mechanism. Niger J Physiol Sci 2022; 37:1-7. [PMID: 35947841 DOI: 10.54548/njps.v37i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Maternal lifestyle has been implicated as a predisposing factor in the development of metabolic disorders in adulthood. This lifestyle includes the immediate environment, physical activity and nutrition. Maternal nutrition has direct influence on the developmental programming through biochemical alterations and can lead to modifications in the fetal genome through epigenetic mechanisms. Imbalance in basic micro or macro nutrients due to famine or food deficiency during delicate gestational periods can lead to onset of metabolic syndrome including obesity. A major example is the Dutch famine which led to a serious metabolic disorder in adulthood of affected infants. Notably due to gene variants, individualized responses to nutritional deficiencies are unconventional, therefore intensifying the need to study nutritional genomics during fetal programming. Epigenetic mechanisms can cause hereditary changes without changing the DNA sequence; the major mechanisms include small non-coding RNAs, histone modifications and most stable of all is DNA methylation. The significance association between obesity and DNA methylation is through regulation of genes implicated in lipid and glucose metabolism either directly or indirectly by hypomethylation or hypermethylation. Examples include CPT1A, APOA2, ADRB3 and POMC. Any maternal exposure to malnutrition or overnutrition that can affect genes regulating major metabolic pathways in the fetus, will eventually cause underlying changes that can predispose or cause the onset of metabolic disorder in adulthood. In this review, we examined the interaction between nutrition during gestation and epigenetic programming of metabolic syndrome.
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Mechanisms Underlying the Expansion and Functional Maturation of β-Cells in Newborns: Impact of the Nutritional Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042096. [PMID: 35216239 PMCID: PMC8877060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional maturation of insulin-secreting β-cells is initiated before birth and is completed in early postnatal life. This process has a critical impact on the acquisition of an adequate functional β-cell mass and on the capacity to meet and adapt to insulin needs later in life. Many cellular pathways playing a role in postnatal β-cell development have already been identified. However, single-cell transcriptomic and proteomic analyses continue to reveal new players contributing to the acquisition of β-cell identity. In this review, we provide an updated picture of the mechanisms governing postnatal β-cell mass expansion and the transition of insulin-secreting cells from an immature to a mature state. We then highlight the contribution of the environment to β-cell maturation and discuss the adverse impact of an in utero and neonatal environment characterized by calorie and fat overload or by protein deficiency and undernutrition. Inappropriate nutrition early in life constitutes a risk factor for developing diabetes in adulthood and can affect the β-cells of the offspring over two generations. A better understanding of these events occurring in the neonatal period will help developing better strategies to produce functional β-cells and to design novel therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
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9
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Sox6, A Potential Target for MicroRNAs in Cardiometabolic Disease. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022; 24:145-156. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01175-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Insulin is expressed by enteroendocrine cells during human fetal development. Nat Med 2021; 27:2104-2107. [PMID: 34887578 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01586-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Generation of beta cells via transdifferentiation of other cell types is a promising avenue for the treatment of diabetes. Here we reconstruct a single-cell atlas of the human fetal and neonatal small intestine. We identify a subset of fetal enteroendocrine K/L cells that express high levels of insulin and other beta cell genes. Our findings highlight a potential extra-pancreatic source of beta cells and expose its molecular blueprint.
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Generation of high yield insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from various sources of stem cells. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 116:235-268. [PMID: 33752820 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus occurs when beta cell mass is reduced to less than 20% of the normal level due to immune system destruction of beta cell resulting in an inability to secrete enough insulin. The prevalence of diabetes is expanding according to the American Diabetes Association and the World Health Organization (WHO), foretold to exceed 350 million by 2030. The current treatment does not cure many of the serious complications associated with the disease such as neuropathy, nephropathy, dyslipidemia, retinopathy and cardiovascular disease. Whole pancreas or isolated pancreatic islet transplantation as an alternative therapy can prevent or reduce some of the complications of diabetes. However, the shortage of matched organ or islets cells donor and alloimmune responses limit this therapeutic strategy. Recently, several reports have raised extremely promising results to use different sources of stem cells to differentiate insulin-producing cells and focus on the expansion of these alternative sources. Stem cells, due to their potential for multiple differentiation and self-renewal can differentiate into all cell types, including insulin-producing cells (IPCs). Generation of new beta cells can be achieved from various stem cell sources, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Thus, this chapter discusses on the assistance of cellular reprogramming of various stem cells as candidates for the generation of IPCs using transcription factors/miRNA, cytokines/small molecules and tissue engineering.
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Grieco GE, Brusco N, Licata G, Fignani D, Formichi C, Nigi L, Sebastiani G, Dotta F. The Landscape of microRNAs in βCell: Between Phenotype Maintenance and Protection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020803. [PMID: 33466949 PMCID: PMC7830142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a group of heterogeneous metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia mainly due to pancreatic β cell death and/or dysfunction, caused by several types of stress such as glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity and inflammation. Different patho-physiological mechanisms driving β cell response to these stresses are tightly regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of negative regulators of gene expression, involved in pathogenic mechanisms occurring in diabetes and in its complications. In this review, we aim to shed light on the most important miRNAs regulating the maintenance and the robustness of β cell identity, as well as on those miRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of the two main forms of diabetes mellitus, i.e., type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Additionally, we acknowledge that the understanding of miRNAs-regulated molecular mechanisms is fundamental in order to develop specific and effective strategies based on miRNAs as therapeutic targets, employing innovative molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Emanuela Grieco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.E.G.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (D.F.); (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Noemi Brusco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.E.G.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (D.F.); (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giada Licata
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.E.G.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (D.F.); (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Fignani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.E.G.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (D.F.); (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Formichi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.E.G.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (D.F.); (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Nigi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.E.G.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (D.F.); (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.E.G.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (D.F.); (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.E.G.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (D.F.); (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Tuscany Centre for Precision Medicine (CReMeP), 53100 Siena, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0577-231283
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13
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Guay C, Jacovetti C, Bayazit MB, Brozzi F, Rodriguez-Trejo A, Wu K, Regazzi R. Roles of Noncoding RNAs in Islet Biology. Compr Physiol 2020; 10:893-932. [PMID: 32941685 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that most mammalian genome sequences are transcribed to ribonucleic acids (RNA) has revolutionized our understanding of the mechanisms governing key cellular processes and of the causes of human diseases, including diabetes mellitus. Pancreatic islet cells were found to contain thousands of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including micro-RNAs (miRNAs), PIWI-associated RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, tRNA-derived fragments, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs. While the involvement of miRNAs in islet function and in the etiology of diabetes is now well documented, there is emerging evidence indicating that other classes of ncRNAs are also participating in different aspects of islet physiology. The aim of this article will be to provide a comprehensive and updated view of the studies carried out in human samples and rodent models over the past 15 years on the role of ncRNAs in the control of α- and β-cell development and function and to highlight the recent discoveries in the field. We not only describe the role of ncRNAs in the control of insulin and glucagon secretion but also address the contribution of these regulatory molecules in the proliferation and survival of islet cells under physiological and pathological conditions. It is now well established that most cells release part of their ncRNAs inside small extracellular vesicles, allowing the delivery of genetic material to neighboring or distantly located target cells. The role of these secreted RNAs in cell-to-cell communication between β-cells and other metabolic tissues as well as their potential use as diabetes biomarkers will be discussed. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:893-932, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiane Guay
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Jacovetti
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mustafa Bilal Bayazit
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Flora Brozzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adriana Rodriguez-Trejo
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kejing Wu
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romano Regazzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Jin W, Mulas F, Gaertner B, Sui Y, Wang J, Matta I, Zeng C, Vinckier N, Wang A, Nguyen-Ngoc KV, Chiou J, Kaestner KH, Frazer KA, Carrano AC, Shih HP, Sander M. A Network of microRNAs Acts to Promote Cell Cycle Exit and Differentiation of Human Pancreatic Endocrine Cells. iScience 2019; 21:681-694. [PMID: 31733514 PMCID: PMC6889369 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation is orchestrated by the action of transcription factors that operate in a gene regulatory network to activate endocrine lineage genes and repress lineage-inappropriate genes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important modulators of gene expression, yet their role in endocrine cell differentiation has not been systematically explored. Here we characterize miRNA-regulatory networks active in human endocrine cell differentiation by combining small RNA sequencing, miRNA over-expression, and network modeling approaches. Our analysis identified Let-7g, Let-7a, miR-200a, miR-127, and miR-375 as endocrine-enriched miRNAs that drive endocrine cell differentiation-associated gene expression changes. These miRNAs are predicted to target different transcription factors, which converge on genes involved in cell cycle regulation. When expressed in human embryonic stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitors, these miRNAs induce cell cycle exit and promote endocrine cell differentiation. Our study delineates the role of miRNAs in human endocrine cell differentiation and identifies miRNAs that could facilitate endocrine cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Francesca Mulas
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bjoern Gaertner
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yinghui Sui
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jinzhao Wang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ileana Matta
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chun Zeng
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicholas Vinckier
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Allen Wang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kim-Vy Nguyen-Ngoc
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joshua Chiou
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kelly A Frazer
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrea C Carrano
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hung-Ping Shih
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Maike Sander
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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15
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Qadir MMF, Klein D, Álvarez-Cubela S, Domínguez-Bendala J, Pastori RL. The Role of MicroRNAs in Diabetes-Related Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5423. [PMID: 31683538 PMCID: PMC6862492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular stress, combined with dysfunctional, inadequate mitochondrial phosphorylation, produces an excessive amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an increased level of ROS in cells, which leads to oxidation and subsequent cellular damage. Because of its cell damaging action, an association between anomalous ROS production and disease such as Type 1 (T1D) and Type 2 (T2D) diabetes, as well as their complications, has been well established. However, there is a lack of understanding about genome-driven responses to ROS-mediated cellular stress. Over the last decade, multiple studies have suggested a link between oxidative stress and microRNAs (miRNAs). The miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that mostly suppress expression of the target gene by interaction with its 3'untranslated region (3'UTR). In this paper, we review the recent progress in the field, focusing on the association between miRNAs and oxidative stress during the progression of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Muhammad Fahd Qadir
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Dagmar Klein
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Silvia Álvarez-Cubela
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Juan Domínguez-Bendala
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Ricardo Luis Pastori
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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16
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The expression of Drosha, DGCR8, Dicer and Ago-2 genes are upregulated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells under hyperglycemic condition. Endocr Regul 2019; 52:123-127. [PMID: 31517606 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2018-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been shown that dysregulation of miRNAs expression contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of the diabetes and diabetes-related complications. Drosha, DGCR8, Dicer, and Ago-2 are involved in the miRNA maturation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mRNA expression levels of these genes in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under hyperglycemic condition. METHODS HUVECs were cultured in normo-(5 mM) and hyperglycemic (25 mM) conditions for 24 h. As osmotic control, cells were treated with D-mannitol (25 mM, for 24 h). The mRNA expression levels of Drosha, DGCR8, Dicer and Ago-2 were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS The expression level of Drosha, DGCR8, Dicer, and Ago-2 were increased in hyperglycemic HUVECs compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Our results show that under hyperglycemic condition, expression of genes involved in the miRNA maturation was significantly increased in HUVECs. Upregulation of these genes may have role in diabetic complications through the dysregulation of the miRNA expression.
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17
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Franzago M, Fraticelli F, Stuppia L, Vitacolonna E. Nutrigenetics, epigenetics and gestational diabetes: consequences in mother and child. Epigenetics 2019; 14:215-235. [PMID: 30865571 PMCID: PMC6557546 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1582277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic condition during pregnancy and may result in short- and long-term complications for both mother and offspring. The complexity of phenotypic outcomes seems influenced by genetic susceptibility, nutrient-gene interactions and lifestyle interacting with clinical factors. There is strong evidence that not only the adverse genetic background but also the epigenetic modifications in response to nutritional and environmental factors could influence the maternal hyperglycemia in pregnancy and the foetal metabolic programming. In this view, the correlation between epigenetic modifications and their transgenerational effects represents a very interesting field of study. The present review gives insight into the role of gene variants and their interactions with nutrients in GDM. In addition, we provide an overview of the epigenetic changes and their role in the maternal-foetal transmission of chronic diseases. Overall, the knowledge of epigenetic modifications induced by an adverse intrauterine and perinatal environment could shed light on the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of long-term disease development in the offspring and provide useful tools for their prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Franzago
- a Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences , "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy.,b Molecular Genetics, Unit , CeSI-Met , Chieti , Italy
| | - Federica Fraticelli
- a Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences , "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- b Molecular Genetics, Unit , CeSI-Met , Chieti , Italy.,c Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences , "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Ester Vitacolonna
- a Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences , "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
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18
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López-Beas J, Capilla-González V, Aguilera Y, Mellado N, Lachaud CC, Martín F, Smani T, Soria B, Hmadcha A. miR-7 Modulates hESC Differentiation into Insulin-Producing Beta-like Cells and Contributes to Cell Maturation. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 12:463-477. [PMID: 30195784 PMCID: PMC6070677 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells retain the extraordinary capacity to differentiate into pancreatic beta cells. For this particular lineage, more effort is still required to stress the importance of developing an efficient, reproducible, easy, and cost-effective differentiation protocol to obtain more mature, homogeneous, and functional insulin-secreting cells. In addition, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate many cellular processes, including pancreatic differentiation. Some miRNAs are known to be preferentially expressed in islets. Of note, miR-375 and miR-7 are two of the most abundant pancreatic miRNAs, and they are necessary for proper pancreatic islet development. Here we provide new insight into specific miRNAs involved in pancreatic differentiation. We found that miR-7 is differentially expressed during the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into a beta cell-like phenotype and that its modulation plays an important role in generating mature pancreatic beta cells. This strategy may be exploited to optimize the potential for in vitro differentiation of hESCs into insulin-producing beta-like cells for use in preclinical studies and future clinical applications as well as the prospective uses of miRNAs to improve this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier López-Beas
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Vivian Capilla-González
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Yolanda Aguilera
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nuria Mellado
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Christian C Lachaud
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Franz Martín
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas-CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tarik Smani
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS, Universidad de Sevilla/HUVR/Junta de Andalucía/CSIC, Sevilla, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Cardiovaculares-CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernat Soria
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas-CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Abdelkrim Hmadcha
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas-CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Saiselet M, Pita JM, Augenlicht A, Dom G, Tarabichi M, Fimereli D, Dumont JE, Detours V, Maenhaut C. miRNA expression and function in thyroid carcinomas: a comparative and critical analysis and a model for other cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52475-52492. [PMID: 27248468 PMCID: PMC5239568 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As in many cancer types, miRNA expression profiles and functions have become an important field of research on non-medullary thyroid carcinomas, the most common endocrine cancers. This could lead to the establishment of new diagnostic tests and new cancer therapies. However, different studies showed important variations in their research strategies and results. In addition, the action of miRNAs is poorly considered as a whole because of the use of underlying dogmatic truncated concepts. These lead to discrepancies and limits rarely considered. Recently, this field has been enlarged by new miRNA functional and expression studies. Moreover, studies using next generation sequencing give a new view of general miRNA differential expression profiles of papillary thyroid carcinoma. We analyzed in detail this literature from both physiological and differential expression points of view. Based on explicit examples, we reviewed the progresses but also the discrepancies and limits trying to provide a critical approach of where this literature may lead. We also provide recommendations for future studies. The conclusions of this systematic analysis could be extended to other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Saiselet
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jaime M Pita
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alice Augenlicht
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geneviève Dom
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maxime Tarabichi
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Danai Fimereli
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques E Dumont
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Detours
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carine Maenhaut
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.,WELBIO, School of Medicine, University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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20
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Martinez-Sanchez A, Nguyen-Tu MS, Cebola I, Yavari A, Marchetti P, Piemonti L, de Koning E, Shapiro AMJ, Johnson P, Sakamoto K, Smith DM, Leclerc I, Ashrafian H, Ferrer J, Rutter GA. MiR-184 expression is regulated by AMPK in pancreatic islets. FASEB J 2018; 32:2587-2600. [PMID: 29269398 PMCID: PMC6207280 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701100r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AMPK is a critical energy sensor and target for widely used antidiabetic drugs. In β cells, elevated glucose concentrations lower AMPK activity, and the ablation of both catalytic subunits [β-cell–specific AMPK double-knockout (βAMPKdKO) mice] impairs insulin secretion in vivo and β-cell identity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that silence gene expression that are essential for pancreatic β-cell function and identity and altered in diabetes. Here, we have explored the miRNAs acting downstream of AMPK in mouse and human β cells. We identified 14 down-regulated and 9 up-regulated miRNAs in βAMPKdKO vs. control islets. Gene ontology analysis of targeted transcripts revealed enrichment in pathways important for β-cell function and identity. The most down-regulated miRNA was miR-184 (miR-184-3p), an important regulator of β-cell function and compensatory expansion that is controlled by glucose and reduced in diabetes. We demonstrate that AMPK is a potent regulator and an important mediator of the negative effects of glucose on miR-184 expression. Additionally, we reveal sexual dimorphism in miR-184 expression in mouse and human islets. Collectively, these data demonstrate that glucose-mediated changes in AMPK activity are central for the regulation of miR-184 and other miRNAs in islets and provide a link between energy status and gene expression in β cells.—Martinez-Sanchez, A., Nguyen-Tu, M.-S., Cebola, I., Yavari, A., Marchetti, P., Piemonti, L., de Koning, E., Shapiro, A. M. J., Johnson, P., Sakamoto, K., Smith, D. M., Leclerc, I., Ashrafian, H., Ferrer, J., Rutter, G. A. MiR-184 expression is regulated by AMPK in pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Martinez-Sanchez
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Sophie Nguyen-Tu
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ines Cebola
- Beta Cell Genome Regulation Laboratory, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arash Yavari
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute (SR-DRI), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Eelco de Koning
- Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A M James Shapiro
- Clinical Islet Laboratory and Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul Johnson
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Nestle Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David M Smith
- AstraZeneca Research and Development, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, Discovery Sciences, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Leclerc
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Houman Ashrafian
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Ferrer
- Beta Cell Genome Regulation Laboratory, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Rodríguez-Comas J, Moreno-Asso A, Moreno-Vedia J, Martín M, Castaño C, Marzà-Florensa A, Bofill-De Ros X, Mir-Coll J, Montané J, Fillat C, Gasa R, Novials A, Servitja JM. Stress-Induced MicroRNA-708 Impairs β-Cell Function and Growth. Diabetes 2017; 66:3029-3040. [PMID: 28970284 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatic β-cell transcriptome is highly sensitive to external signals such as glucose oscillations and stress cues. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key factors in gene expression regulation. Here, we aimed to identify miRNAs that are modulated by glucose in mouse pancreatic islets. We identified miR-708 as the most upregulated miRNA in islets cultured at low glucose concentrations, a setting that triggers a strong stress response. miR-708 was also potently upregulated by triggering endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress with thapsigargin and in islets of ob/ob mice. Low-glucose induction of miR-708 was blocked by treatment with the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyrate, uncovering the involvement of ER stress in this response. An integrative analysis identified neuronatin (Nnat) as a potential glucose-regulated target of miR-708. Indeed, Nnat expression was inversely correlated with miR-708 in islets cultured at different glucose concentrations and in ob/ob mouse islets and was reduced after miR-708 overexpression. Consistent with the role of Nnat in the secretory function of β-cells, miR-708 overexpression impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), which was recovered by NNAT overexpression. Moreover, miR-708 inhibition recovered GSIS in islets cultured at low glucose. Finally, miR-708 overexpression suppressed β-cell proliferation and induced β-cell apoptosis. Collectively, our results provide a novel mechanism of glucose regulation of β-cell function and growth by repressing stress-induced miR-708.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Rodríguez-Comas
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Moreno-Asso
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Moreno-Vedia
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Martín
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Castaño
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Marzà-Florensa
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Bofill-De Ros
- Gene Therapy and Cancer Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Mir-Coll
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joel Montané
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Fillat
- Gene Therapy and Cancer Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Gasa
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Novials
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan-Marc Servitja
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Hirata T, Yoshitomi T, Inoue M, Iigo Y, Matsumoto K, Kubota K, Shinagawa A. Pathological and gene expression analysis of a polygenic diabetes model, NONcNZO10/LtJ mice. Gene 2017; 629:52-58. [PMID: 28760554 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The NONcNZO10/LtJ mouse is a polygenic model of type-2 diabetes (T2D) that shows moderate obesity and diabetes, and is regarded as a good model reflective of the conditions of human T2D. In this study, we analyzed pathological changes of pancreases with the progress of time by using histopathology and gene expression analysis, including microRNA. A number of gene expression changes associated with decreased insulin secretion (possibly regulated by miR-29a/b) were observed, and zinc homeostasis (Slc30a8, Mt1 and Mt2) or glucose metabolism (Slc2a2) was suggested as being the candidate mechanism of pancreas failure in NONcNZO10/LtJ mice. These results demonstrate NONcNZO10/LtJ mice have a complex pathogenic mechanism of diabetes, and moreover, this fundamental information of NONcNZO10/LtJ mice would offer the opportunity for research and development of a novel antidiabetic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hirata
- Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13, Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yoshitomi
- End-Organ Disease Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Minoru Inoue
- Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13, Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Yutaka Iigo
- Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13, Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- End-Organ Disease Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Kazuishi Kubota
- Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13, Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan.
| | - Akira Shinagawa
- Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13, Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
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Sebastiani G, Valentini M, Grieco GE, Ventriglia G, Nigi L, Mancarella F, Pellegrini S, Martino G, Sordi V, Piemonti L, Dotta F. MicroRNA expression profiles of human iPSCs differentiation into insulin-producing cells. Acta Diabetol 2017; 54:265-281. [PMID: 28039581 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-016-0955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS MicroRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs, which control gene expression by inhibition of mRNA translation. MicroRNAs are involved in the control of biological processes including cell differentiation. Here, we aim at characterizing microRNA expression profiles during differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into insulin-producing cells. METHODS We differentiated hiPSCs toward endocrine pancreatic lineage following a 18-day protocol. We analyzed genes and microRNA expression levels using RT real-time PCR and TaqMan microRNA arrays followed by bioinformatic functional analysis. RESULTS MicroRNA expression profiles analysis of undifferentiated hiPSCs during pancreatic differentiation revealed that 347/768 microRNAs were expressed at least in one time point of all samples. We observed 18 microRNAs differentially expressed: 11 were upregulated (miR-9-5p, miR-9-3p, miR-10a, miR-99a-3p, miR-124a, miR-135a, miR-138, miR-149, miR-211, miR-342-3p and miR-375) and 7 downregulated (miR-31, miR-127, miR-143, miR-302c-3p, miR-373, miR-518b and miR-520c-3p) during differentiation into insulin-producing cells. Selected microRNAs were further evaluated during differentiation of Sendai-virus-reprogrammed hiPSCs using an improved endocrine pancreatic beta cell derivation protocol and, moreover, in differentiated NKX6.1+ sorted cells. Following Targetscan7.0 analysis of target genes of differentially expressed microRNAs and gene ontology classification, we found that such target genes belong to categories of major significance in pancreas organogenesis and development or exocytosis. CONCLUSIONS We detected a specific hiPSCs microRNAs signature during differentiation into insulin-producing cells and demonstrated that differentially expressed microRNAs target several genes involved in pancreas organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Valentini
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Emanuela Grieco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuliana Ventriglia
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Nigi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancarella
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Pellegrini
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Sordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy.
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24
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Coskun AF, Eser U, Islam S. Cellular identity at the single-cell level. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:2965-79. [PMID: 27460751 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00388e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A single cell creates surprising heterogeneity in a multicellular organism. While every organismal cell shares almost an identical genome, molecular interactions in cells alter the use of DNA sequences to modulate the gene of interest for specialization of cellular functions. Each cell gains a unique identity through molecular coding across the DNA, RNA, and protein conversions. On the other hand, loss of cellular identity leads to critical diseases such as cancer. Most cell identity dissection studies are based on bulk molecular assays that mask differences in individual cells. To probe cell-to-cell variability in a population, we discuss single cell approaches to decode the genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational mechanisms for cell identity formation. In combination with molecular instructions, the physical principles behind cell identity determination are examined. Deciphering and reprogramming cellular types impact biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet F Coskun
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, California, USA.
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25
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26
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Adams BD, Anastasiadou E, Esteller M, He L, Slack FJ. The Inescapable Influence of Noncoding RNAs in Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 75:5206-10. [PMID: 26567137 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This report summarizes information presented at the 2015 Keystone Symposium on "MicroRNAs and Noncoding RNAs in Cancer." Nearly two decades after the discovery of the first miRNA, the role of noncoding RNAs in developmental processes and the mechanisms behind their dysregulation in cancer has been steadily elucidated. Excitingly, miRNAs have begun making their way into the clinic to combat diseases such as hepatitis C and various forms of cancer. Therefore, at this Keystone meeting, novel findings were presented that enhance our view on how small and long noncoding RNAs control developmental timing and oncogenic processes. Recurring themes included (i) how miRNAs can be differentially processed, degraded, and regulated by ribonucleoprotein complexes, (ii) how particular miRNA genetic networks that control developmental process, when disrupted, can result in cancer disease, (iii) the technologies available to therapeutically deliver RNA to combat diseases such as cancer, and (iv) the elucidation of the mechanism of actions for long noncoding RNAs, currently a poorly understood class of noncoding RNA. During the meeting, there was an emphasis on presenting unpublished findings, and the breadth of topics covered reflected how inescapable the influence of noncoding RNAs is in development and cancer.
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27
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DiStefano JK. Beyond the Protein-Coding Sequence: Noncoding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud 2016; 12:260-76. [PMID: 26859655 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2015.12.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus results from a deficiency or failure to maintain normal glucose homeostasis. The most common form of the disease is type 2 diabetes (T2D), a progressive metabolic disorder characterized by elevated glucose levels that develops in response to either multi-organ insulin resistance or insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Although the etiology of T2D is complex, many factors are known to contribute to defects of glucose homeostasis, including obesity, unhealthy lifestyle choices, genetic susceptibility, and environmental exposures. In addition to these factors, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of T2D, playing roles in several of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease, particularly in insulin-sensitive tissues such as pancreatic β-cells, liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. A growing number of publications demonstrate that polymorphisms in ncRNAs or their target genes may represent a new class of genetic variation contributing to the development of T2D. This review summarizes both the current state of knowledge of ncRNAs, specifically microRNAs (miRNAs), involved in the regulation of β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and insulin action in peripheral organs. The role of genetic variation in miRNAs or miRNA binding sites in the pathogenesis of T2D is also discussed. While far less is known about the impact of long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) in the development of T2D, emerging evidence suggests that these molecules may be able to contribute to β-cell dysfunction in response to hyperglycemia. This article provides an overview of the studies conducted to date in this field, focusing on lncRNAs that are dysregulated in human pancreatic islets.
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28
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Postnatal β-cell maturation is associated with islet-specific microRNA changes induced by nutrient shifts at weaning. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8084. [PMID: 26330140 PMCID: PMC4569696 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-induced insulin secretion is an essential function of pancreatic β-cells that is partially lost in individuals affected by Type 2 diabetes. This unique property of β-cells is acquired through a poorly understood postnatal maturation process involving major modifications in gene expression programs. Here we show that β-cell maturation is associated with changes in microRNA expression induced by the nutritional transition that occurs at weaning. When mimicked in newborn islet cells, modifications in the level of specific microRNAs result in a switch in the expression of metabolic enzymes and cause the acquisition of glucose-induced insulin release. Our data suggest microRNAs have a central role in postnatal β-cell maturation and in the determination of adult functional β-cell mass. A better understanding of the events governing β-cell maturation may help understand why some individuals are predisposed to developing diabetes and could lead to new strategies for the treatment of this common metabolic disease. Pancreatic β-cells are less responsive to changes in glucose concentration in newborn than in adult rats. Here, the authors show that functional β-cell maturation is associated with changes in miRNA expression induced by nutritional shifts at the suckling-to-weaning transition.
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29
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MicroRNAs: Novel Players in the Dialogue between Pancreatic Islets and Immune System in Autoimmune Diabetes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:749734. [PMID: 26339637 PMCID: PMC4538424 DOI: 10.1155/2015/749734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression in all cell types. Therefore, these tiny noncoding RNA molecules are involved in a wide range of biological processes, exerting functional effects at cellular, tissue, and organ level. In pancreatic islets of Langerhans, including beta-cells, microRNAs are involved in cell differentiation as well as in insulin secretion, while in immune cells they have been shown to play pivotal roles in development, activation, and response to antigens. Indeed, it is not surprising that microRNA alterations can lead to the development of several diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). Type 1 diabetes is the result of a selective autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta-cells, characterized by islet inflammation (insulitis), which leads to chronic hyperglycemia. Given the growing importance of microRNA in the pathophysiology of T1D, the aim of this review is to summarize the most recent data on the potential involvement of microRNAs in autoimmune diabetes. Specifically, we will focus on three different aspects: (i) microRNAs as regulators of immune homeostasis in autoimmune diabetes; (ii) microRNA expression in pancreatic islet inflammation; (iii) microRNAs as players in the dialogue between the immune system and pancreatic endocrine cells.
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30
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Ohana R, Weiman-Kelman B, Raviv S, Tamm ER, Pasmanik-Chor M, Rinon A, Netanely D, Shamir R, Solomon AS, Ashery-Padan R. MicroRNAs are essential for differentiation of the retinal pigmented epithelium and maturation of adjacent photoreceptors. Development 2015; 142:2487-98. [PMID: 26062936 DOI: 10.1242/dev.121533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) results in degeneration of photoreceptors and vision loss and is correlated with common blinding disorders in humans. Although many protein-coding genes are known to be expressed in RPE and are important for its development and maintenance, virtually nothing is known about the in vivo roles of non-coding transcripts. The expression patterns of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been analyzed in a variety of ocular tissues, and a few were implicated to play role in RPE based on studies in cell lines. Here, through RPE-specific conditional mutagenesis of Dicer1 or Dgcr8 in mice, the importance of miRNAs for RPE differentiation was uncovered. miRNAs were found to be dispensable for maintaining RPE fate and survival, and yet they are essential for the acquisition of important RPE properties such as the expression of genes involved in the visual cycle pathway, pigmentation and cell adhesion. Importantly, miRNAs of the RPE are required for maturation of adjacent photoreceptors, specifically for the morphogenesis of the outer segments. The alterations in the miRNA and mRNA profiles in the Dicer1-deficient RPE point to a key role of miR-204 in regulation of the RPE differentiation program in vivo and uncover the importance of additional novel RPE miRNAs. This study reveals the combined regulatory activity of miRNAs that is required for RPE differentiation and for the development of the adjacent neuroretina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Ohana
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Benjamin Weiman-Kelman
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shaul Raviv
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ernst R Tamm
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Metsada Pasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ariel Rinon
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dvir Netanely
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ron Shamir
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Arie S Solomon
- The Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | - Ruth Ashery-Padan
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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31
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Eitan C, Hornstein E. Astro-logics with microRNAs. EMBO J 2015; 34:1143-4. [PMID: 25736376 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201591241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Eitan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Hornstein
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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32
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Pancreatic β-cell identity, glucose sensing and the control of insulin secretion. Biochem J 2015; 466:203-18. [PMID: 25697093 DOI: 10.1042/bj20141384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Insulin release from pancreatic β-cells is required to maintain normal glucose homoeostasis in man and many other animals. Defective insulin secretion underlies all forms of diabetes mellitus, a disease currently reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. Although the destruction of β-cells is responsible for Type 1 diabetes (T1D), both lowered β-cell mass and loss of secretory function are implicated in Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Emerging results suggest that a functional deficiency, involving de-differentiation of the mature β-cell towards a more progenitor-like state, may be an important driver for impaired secretion in T2D. Conversely, at least in rodents, reprogramming of islet non-β to β-cells appears to occur spontaneously in models of T1D, and may occur in man. In the present paper, we summarize the biochemical properties which define the 'identity' of the mature β-cell as a glucose sensor par excellence. In particular, we discuss the importance of suppressing a group of 11 'disallowed' housekeeping genes, including Ldha and the monocarboxylate transporter Mct1 (Slc16a1), for normal nutrient sensing. We then survey the changes in the expression and/or activity of β-cell-enriched transcription factors, including FOXO1, PDX1, NKX6.1, MAFA and RFX6, as well as non-coding RNAs, which may contribute to β-cell de-differentiation and functional impairment in T2D. The relevance of these observations for the development of new approaches to treat T1D and T2D is considered.
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Guay C, Menoud V, Rome S, Regazzi R. Horizontal transfer of exosomal microRNAs transduce apoptotic signals between pancreatic beta-cells. Cell Commun Signal 2015; 13:17. [PMID: 25880779 PMCID: PMC4371845 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-015-0097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder characterized by dysfunction of insulin-secreting pancreatic beta-cells. MicroRNAs are important regulators of beta-cell activities. These non-coding RNAs have recently been discovered to exert their effects not only inside the cell producing them but, upon exosome-mediated transfer, also in other recipient cells. This novel communication mode remains unexplored in pancreatic beta-cells. In the present study, the microRNA content of exosomes released by beta-cells in physiological and physiopathological conditions was analyzed and the biological impact of their transfer to recipient cells investigated. Results Exosomes were isolated from the culture media of MIN6B1 and INS-1 derived 832/13 beta-cell lines and from mice, rat or human islets. Global profiling revealed that the microRNAs released in MIN6B1 exosomes do not simply reflect the content of the cells of origin. Indeed, while a subset of microRNAs was preferentially released in exosomes others were selectively retained in the cells. Moreover, exposure of MIN6B1 cells to inflammatory cytokines changed the release of several microRNAs. The dynamics of microRNA secretion and their potential transfer to recipient cells were next investigated. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate that if cel-miR-238, a C. Elegans microRNA not present in mammalian cells, is expressed in MIN6B1 cells a fraction of it is released in exosomes and is transferred to recipient beta-cells. Furthermore, incubation of untreated MIN6B1 or mice islet cells in the presence of microRNA-containing exosomes isolated from the culture media of cytokine-treated MIN6B1 cells triggers apoptosis of recipient cells. In contrast, exosomes originating from cells not exposed to cytokines have no impact on cell survival. Apoptosis induced by exosomes produced by cytokine-treated cells was prevented by down-regulation of the microRNA-mediating silencing protein Ago2 in recipient cells, suggesting that the effect is mediated by the non-coding RNAs. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggest that beta-cells secrete microRNAs that can be transferred to neighboring beta-cells. Exposure of donor cells to pathophysiological conditions commonly associated with diabetes modifies the release of microRNAs and affects survival of recipient beta-cells. Our results support the concept that exosomal microRNAs transfer constitutes a novel cell-to-cell communication mechanism regulating the activity of pancreatic beta-cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12964-015-0097-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiane Guay
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Véronique Menoud
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sophie Rome
- CarMeN Laboratory (INSERM U.1060/INRA 1397, INSA), University of Lyon, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Sud, Ouillons, France.
| | - Romano Regazzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Puri S, Folias AE, Hebrok M. Plasticity and dedifferentiation within the pancreas: development, homeostasis, and disease. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 16:18-31. [PMID: 25465113 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular identity is established by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors that regulate organogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Although some flexibility in fate potential is beneficial to overall organ health, dramatic changes in cellular identity can have disastrous consequences. Emerging data within the field of pancreas biology are revising current beliefs about how cellular identity is shaped by developmental and environmental cues under homeostasis and stress conditions. Here, we discuss the changes occurring in cellular states upon fate modulation and address how our understanding of the nature of this fluidity is shaping therapeutic approaches to pancreatic disorders such as diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Puri
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alexandra E Folias
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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35
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Esguerra JLS, Mollet IG, Salunkhe VA, Wendt A, Eliasson L. Regulation of Pancreatic Beta Cell Stimulus-Secretion Coupling by microRNAs. Genes (Basel) 2014; 5:1018-31. [PMID: 25383562 PMCID: PMC4276924 DOI: 10.3390/genes5041018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased blood glucose after a meal is countered by the subsequent increased release of the hypoglycemic hormone insulin from the pancreatic beta cells. The cascade of molecular events encompassing the initial sensing and transport of glucose into the beta cell, culminating with the exocytosis of the insulin large dense core granules (LDCVs) is termed "stimulus-secretion coupling." Impairment in any of the relevant processes leads to insufficient insulin release, which contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The fate of the beta cell, when exposed to environmental triggers of the disease, is determined by the possibility to adapt to the new situation by regulation of gene expression. As established factors of post-transcriptional regulation, microRNAs (miRNAs) are well-recognized mediators of beta cell plasticity and adaptation. Here, we put focus on the importance of comprehending the transcriptional regulation of miRNAs, and how miRNAs are implicated in stimulus-secretion coupling, specifically those influencing the late stages of insulin secretion. We suggest that efficient beta cell adaptation requires an optimal balance between transcriptional regulation of miRNAs themselves, and miRNA-dependent gene regulation. The increased knowledge of the beta cell transcriptional network inclusive of non-coding RNAs such as miRNAs is essential in identifying novel targets for the treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L S Esguerra
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC 91-11, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Inês G Mollet
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC 91-11, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Vishal A Salunkhe
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC 91-11, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Anna Wendt
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC 91-11, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC 91-11, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
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