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Yang X, Cheng J, Yin X, Ao T, He X, Yang Y, Lin Y, Chen Z. Metabolic Profiling for Unveiling Mechanisms of Kushenol F against Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis with UHPLC/MS Analysis. Molecules 2024; 29:2410. [PMID: 38893287 PMCID: PMC11173924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorder. Sophora flavescens Alt. (S. flavescens) has been widely acknowledged in the prevention and treatment of psoriasis. Kushenol F (KSCF) is a natural isopentenyl flavonoid extracted from the root of S. flavescens. We aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of KSCF on imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice. A mouse model of psoriasis was induced with 5% IMQ for 5 days, and the mice were given KSCF dermally for 5 days. Changes in skin morphology, the psoriasis area, the severity index (PASI), and inflammatory factors of psoriasis-like skin lesions were evaluated. Metabolites in the psoriasis-like skin lesions were analyzed with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry followed by a multivariate statistical analysis to identify the differential metabolites and metabolic pathway. The results of the present study confirmed that KSCF significantly reduced PASI scores, epidermal thickening, and epidermal cell proliferation and differentiation. KSCF also reduced the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-23, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the injured skin tissues while increasing IL-10 content. KSCF significantly regulated metabolites in the skin samples, and a total of 161 significant metabolites were identified. These differential metabolites involved sphingolipid and linoleic acid metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Collectively, KSCF inhibited the inflammatory response to prevent IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice by call-backing the levels of 161 endogenous metabolites and affecting their related metabolic pathways. KSCF has the potential to be developed as a topical drug for treating psoriasis symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (X.Y.); (X.Y.); (T.A.); (X.H.)
| | - Jiaoli Cheng
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China;
| | - Xunqing Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (X.Y.); (X.Y.); (T.A.); (X.H.)
| | - Ting Ao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (X.Y.); (X.Y.); (T.A.); (X.H.)
| | - Xudong He
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (X.Y.); (X.Y.); (T.A.); (X.H.)
| | - Yaqin Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311403, China
| | - Yuping Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (X.Y.); (X.Y.); (T.A.); (X.H.)
| | - Zhen Chen
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China;
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Yan Y, Huang S, Zeng Y, Yue S, Wang T, Yuan L, Nie J. Long-Term Disinfection in Operating Rooms Affects Skin Microbiota and Metabolites of Medical Personnel. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38710161 DOI: 10.1159/000539100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disinfectants play a critical role in reducing healthcare-associated infections by eliminating microorganisms on surfaces. However, prolonged use of disinfectants may adversely affect the skin microflora, essential for skin health and infection prevention. This study investigates the impact of disinfection on the skin microbiota and metabolites of medical personnel in operating rooms, aiming to provide a scientific foundation for safeguarding their skin health. METHODS We conducted 16S sequencing and metabolomic analysis to assess the effects of disinfection on the skin microbiota and metabolites of medical personnel. Samples were collected from operating room personnel after disinfectant exposure to identify changes in microbial communities and metabolite profiles. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that prolonged use of disinfectants led to alterations in skin microbial communities and microbial metabolites. These alterations included the production of harmful metabolites that could potentially promote skin infections and other health issues among medical personnel. CONCLUSION The findings underscore the importance of minimizing disruptions to skin microbiota and metabolites caused by long-term disinfectant use to preserve the overall health of medical personnel. This study provides valuable insights into the relationship between disinfectant use, skin microbiota, and metabolites, highlighting the necessity for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- Anesthesia Operation Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuzheng Huang
- Anesthesia Operation Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Anesthesia Operation Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Siyuan Yue
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Junhui Nie
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
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Mohammad S, Karim MR, Iqbal S, Lee JH, Mathiyalagan R, Kim YJ, Yang DU, Yang DC. Atopic dermatitis: Pathophysiology, microbiota, and metabolome - A comprehensive review. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127595. [PMID: 38218095 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent inflammatory skin condition that commonly occurs in children. Genetics, environment, and defects in the skin barrier are only a few of the factors that influence how the disease develops. As human microbiota research has advanced, more scientific evidence has shown the critical involvement of the gut and skin bacteria in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Microbiome dysbiosis, defined by changed diversity and composition, as well as the development of pathobionts, has been identified as a potential cause for recurring episodes of atopic dermatitis. Gut dysbiosis causes "leaky gut syndrome" by disrupting the epithelial lining of the gut, which allows bacteria and other endotoxins to enter the bloodstream and cause inflammation. The same is true for the disruption of cutaneous homeostasis caused by skin dysbiosis, which enables bacteria and other pathogens to reach deeper skin layers or even systemic circulation, resulting in inflammation. Furthermore, it is now recognized that the gut and skin microbiota releases both beneficial and toxic metabolites. Here, this review covers a range of topics related to AD, including its pathophysiology, the microbiota-AD connection, commonly used treatments, and the significance of metabolomics in AD prevention, treatment, and management, recognizing its potential in providing valuable insights into the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz Mohammad
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Rezaul Karim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Safia Iqbal
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, Varendra Institute of Biosciences, Affiliated by Rajshahi University, Natore, Rajshahi 6400, Bangladesh
| | - Jung Hyeok Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Uk Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
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P. Gomes PW, Mannochio-Russo H, Mao J, Zhao HN, Ancira J, Tipton CD, Dorrestein PC, Li M. Co-occurrence network analysis reveals the alterations of the skin microbiome and metabolome in adults with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis. mSystems 2024; 9:e0111923. [PMID: 38319107 PMCID: PMC10949451 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01119-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin microbiome can be altered in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). An understanding of the changes from healthy to atopic skin can help develop new targets for treatment by identifying microbial and molecular biomarkers. This study investigates the skin microbiome and metabolome of healthy adult subjects and lesion (ADL) and non-lesion (ADNL) of AD patients by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and mass spectrometry, respectively. Samples from AD patients showed alterations in the diversity and composition of the skin microbiome, with ADL skin having the greatest divergence. Staphylococcus species, especially S. aureus, were significantly increased in AD patients. Metabolomic profiles were also different between the groups. Dipeptide derivatives are more abundant in ADL, which may be related to skin inflammation. Co-occurrence network analysis of the microbiome and metabolomics data revealed higher co-occurrence of metabolites and bacteria in healthy ADNL compared to ADL. S. aureus co-occurred with dipeptide derivatives in ADL, while phytosphingosine-derived compounds showed co-occurrences with commensal bacteria, for example, Paracoccus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Prevotella bivia, Lactobacillus iners, Anaerococcus sp., Micrococcus sp., Corynebacterium ureicelerivorans, Corynebacterium massiliense, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Roseomonas mucosa, in healthy and ADNL groups. Therefore, these findings provide valuable insights into how AD affects the human skin metabolome and microbiome.IMPORTANCEThis study provides valuable insight into changes in the skin microbiome and associated metabolomic profiles in an adult population with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis. It also identifies new therapeutic targets that may be useful for developing personalized treatments for individuals with atopic dermatitis based on their unique skin microbiome and metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Wender P. Gomes
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Helena Mannochio-Russo
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Junhong Mao
- Colgate−Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Haoqi Nina Zhao
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | | | - Pieter C. Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Min Li
- Colgate−Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Zhao B, Suo L, Wu Y, Chen T, Tulafu H, Lu Q, Liu W, Sammad A, Wu C, Fu X. Stress adaptation in Tibetan cashmere goats is governed by inherent metabolic differences and manifested through variable cashmere phenotypes. Genomics 2024; 116:110801. [PMID: 38286347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Tibetan cashmere goats are not only served as a valuable model for studying adaptation to hypoxia and high-altitude conditions but also playing a pivotal role in bolstering local economies through the provision of premium quality cashmere yarn. In this study, we performed an integration and network analysis of metabolomic, transcriptomic and proteomic to elucidate the role of differentially expressed genes, important metabolites, and relevant cellular and metabolic pathways between the fine (average 12.04 ± 0.03 μm of mean fiber diameter) and coarse cashmere (average 14.88 ± 0.05 μm of mean fber diameter) producing by Tibetan cashmere goats. We identified a distinction of 56 and 71 differential metabolites (DMs) between the F and C cashmere groups under positive and negative ion modes, respectively. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of these DMs highlighted numerous pathways predominantly involved in amino acid and protein metabolism, as indicated by the finding that the most impactful pathway was the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway. In the F group, we identified a distinctive metabolic profile where amino acid metabolites including serine, histidine, asparagine, glutamic acid, arginine, valine, aspartic acid, tyrosine, and methionine were upregulated, while lysine, isoleucine, glutamine, tryptophan, and threonine were downregulated. The regulatory network and gene co-expression network revealed crucial genes, metabolites, and metabolic pathways. The integrative omics analysis revealed a high enrichment of several pathways, notably encompassing protein digestion and absorption, sphingolipid signalling, and the synaptic vesicle cycle. Within the sphere of our integrative analysis, DNMT3B was identified as a paramount gene, intricately associated with significant proteins such as HMCN1, CPB2, GNG12, and LRP1. Our present study delineated the molecular underpinnings governing the variations in cashmere characteristics by conducting comprehensive analyses across metabolomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic dimensions. This research provided newly insights into the mechanisms regulating cashmere traits and facilitated the advancement of selective breeding programs aimed at cultivating high-quality superfine Tibetan cashmere goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingru Zhao
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool-sheep & Cashmere-goat (XJYS1105), Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi Xinjiang 830011, China
| | - Langda Suo
- Institute of Animal Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850009, China
| | - Yujiang Wu
- Institute of Animal Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850009, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool-sheep & Cashmere-goat (XJYS1105), Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi Xinjiang 830011, China
| | - Hanikezi Tulafu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool-sheep & Cashmere-goat (XJYS1105), Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi Xinjiang 830011, China
| | - Qingwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool-sheep & Cashmere-goat (XJYS1105), Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi Xinjiang 830011, China; College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Wenna Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool-sheep & Cashmere-goat (XJYS1105), Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi Xinjiang 830011, China; College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Abdul Sammad
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cuiling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang/ International Center for the Collaborative Management of Cross-border Pest in Central Asia College of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi Xinjiang 830017, China.
| | - Xuefeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool-sheep & Cashmere-goat (XJYS1105), Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi Xinjiang 830011, China.
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Jacques C, Bacqueville D, Jamin EL, Maitre M, Delsol C, Simcic-Mori A, Bianchi P, Noustens A, Jouanin I, Debrauwer L, Bessou-Touya S, Stockfleth E, Duplan H. Multi-omics approach to understand the impact of sun exposure on an in vitro skin ecosystem and evaluate a new broad-spectrum sunscreen. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:477-490. [PMID: 37485720 DOI: 10.1111/php.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
A reconstructed human epidermal model (RHE) colonized with human microbiota and sebum was developed to reproduce the complexity of the skin ecosystem in vitro. The RHE model was exposed to simulated solar radiation (SSR) with or without SPF50+ sunscreen (with UVB, UVA, long-UVA, and visible light protection). Structural identification of discriminant metabolites was acquired by nuclear magnetic resonance and metabolomic fingerprints were identified using reverse phase-ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry, followed by pathway enrichment analysis. Over 50 metabolites were significantly altered by SSR (p < 0.05, log2 values), showing high skin oxidative stress (glutathione and purine pathways, urea cycle) and altered skin microbiota (branched-chain amino acid cycle and tryptophan pathway). 16S and internal transcribed spacer rRNA sequencing showed the relative abundance of various bacteria and fungi altered by SSR. This study identified highly accurate metabolomic fingerprints and metagenomic modifications of sun-exposed skin to help elucidate the interactions between the skin and its microbiota. Application of SPF50+ sunscreen protected the skin ecosystem model from the deleterious effects of SSR and preserved the physiological interactions within the skin ecosystem. These innovative technologies could thus be used to evaluate the effectiveness of sunscreen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Jacques
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics and Personal Care, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel Bacqueville
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics and Personal Care, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Emilien L Jamin
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Martine Maitre
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics and Personal Care, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Aimée Simcic-Mori
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics and Personal Care, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Bianchi
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics and Personal Care, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Anais Noustens
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics and Personal Care, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Jouanin
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Debrauwer
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Bessou-Touya
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics and Personal Care, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Eggert Stockfleth
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hélène Duplan
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics and Personal Care, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
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Rodrigues SCH, Menezes HC, Gomes DA, Cardeal ZL. Impact of exposure to atmospheric particulate matter in human skin-derived fibroblast cells: A metabolomics approach for the class of amino acids based on GC×GC-Q-TOFMS/MS. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132606. [PMID: 37742378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The particulate matter (PM) in the air comprises particles containing a complex mixture of pollutants associated with various environmental and public health disturbances. However, studies related to the effects of PM on the skin are still incipient. In this work, the toxicity of particulate material to fibroblast cells derived from the human dermis was investigated using metabolomic analysis for the class of amino acids. For the analysis of amino acids, a new method with high selectivity and resolution based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC×GC-Q-TOFMS/MS) was developed and validated. The exposure impact of PM up to 2.5 µm (PM2.5) on fibroblast cells was shown to be dose-dependent. Metabolomics results indicated that amino acid levels and metabolic pathways in fibroblasts were significantly affected by PM2.5. Given the results, it was possible to correlate these effects to a series of responses, including decreased cellular energy, dysregulation of cellular homeostasis, decreased collagen synthesis, interference with wound healing, and suppression of protein biosynthesis. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Although some progress has been made in air pollution control, the health risk related to PM2.5 exposure remains important. The effects of air pollution on the skin have been extensively studied. However, few studies are related to the impact of PM2.5 on the skin. This study determines the profile of amino acids from fibroblast cells exposed to PM2.5, providing new insight into the damage to skin cells from atmospheric pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C H Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Química-ICEx, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Helvécio C Menezes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Química-ICEx, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dawidson A Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas/ICB, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Zenilda L Cardeal
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Química-ICEx, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Abu Bakar NH, Chiu HY, Urban PL. Mass Specthoscope: A Hand-held Extendable Probe for Localized Noninvasive Sampling of Skin Volatome for Online Analysis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17143-17150. [PMID: 37935619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Human skin emits a unique set of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These VOCs can be probed in order to obtain physiological information about the individuals. However, extracting the VOCs that emanate from human skin for analysis is troublesome and time-consuming. Therefore, we have developed "Mass Specthoscope"─a convenient tool for rapid sampling and detecting VOCs emitted by human skin. The hand-held probe with a pressurized tip and wireless button enables sampling VOCs from surfaces and their transfer to the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source of quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The system was characterized using chemical standards (acetone, benzaldehyde, sulcatone, α-pinene, and decanal). The limits of detection are in the range from 2.25 × 10-5 to 3.79 × 10-5 mol m-2. The system was initially tested by detecting VOCs emanating from porcine skin spiked with VOCs as well as unspiked fresh and spoiled ham. In the main test, the skin of nine healthy participants was probed with the Mass Specthoscope. The sampling regions included the armpit, forearm, and forehead. Numerous skin-related VOC signals were detected. In the final test, one participant ingested a fenugreek drink, and the participant's skin surface was probed using the Mass Specthoscope hourly during the 8 h period. The result revealed a gradual release of fenugreek-related VOCs from the skin. We believe that this analytical approach has the potential to be used in metabolomic studies and following further identification of disease biomarkers─also in noninvasive diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Hidayat Abu Bakar
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yi Chiu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, 25 Jingguo Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, 25 Jingguo Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung Shan S. Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
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Su R, Zhao S, Zhang J, Cao M, Peng S. Metabolic influences on T cell in psoriasis: a literature review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1279846. [PMID: 38035065 PMCID: PMC10684739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory disease that frequently coexists with various other conditions, such as essential hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. The association between these diseases may be attributed to shared inflammatory pathways and abnormal immunomodulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, metabolites also play a regulatory role in the function of different immune cells involved in psoriasis pathogenesis, particularly T lymphocytes. In this review, we have summarized the current research progress on T cell metabolism in psoriasis, encompassing the regulation of metabolites in glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and other pathways within T cells affected by psoriasis. We will also explore the interaction and mechanism between psoriatic metabolites and immune cells. Moreover, we further discussed the research progress of metabolomics in psoriasis to gain a deeper understanding of its pathogenesis and identify potential new therapeutic targets through identification of metabolic biomarkers associated with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Su
- *Correspondence: Shiguang Peng, ; Rina Su,
| | | | | | | | - Shiguang Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Badillo-Sanchez D, Serrano Ruber M, Davies-Barrett A, Jones DJ, Hansen M, Inskip S. Metabolomics in archaeological science: A review of their advances and present requirements. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh0485. [PMID: 37566664 PMCID: PMC10421062 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics, the study of metabolites (small molecules of <1500 daltons), has been posited as a potential tool to explore the past in a comparable manner to other omics, e.g., genomics or proteomics. Archaeologists have used metabolomic approaches for a decade or so, mainly applied to organic residues adhering to archaeological materials. Because of advances in sensitivity, resolution, and the increased availability of different analytical platforms, combined with the low mass/volume required for analysis, metabolomics is now becoming a more feasible choice in the archaeological sector. Additional approaches, as presented by our group, show the versatility of metabolomics as a source of knowledge about the human past when using human osteoarchaeological remains. There is tremendous potential for metabolomics within archaeology, but further efforts are required to position it as a routine technique.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Serrano Ruber
- School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anna Davies-Barrett
- School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Donald J. L. Jones
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, RKCSB, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- The Leicester van Geest MultiOmics Facility, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Martin Hansen
- Environmental Metabolomics Lab, Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Sarah Inskip
- School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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11
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Hiraoka K, Shimada H, Kinoshita K, Rankin-Turner S, Ninomiya S. Analysis of human skin sebum and animal meats by heat pulse desorption/mass spectrometry using proximity corona discharge ionization. Anal Biochem 2023:115249. [PMID: 37454965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we have developed heat pulse desorption/mass spectrometry (HPD/MS). In HPD/MS, a heated N2 gas pulse was directed to the sample surface and desorbed analytes were mass analyzed by corona discharge ionization/mass spectrometry using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. In this work, HPD/MS was applied to the analysis of skin surface components sampled from the forehead, nose, and jaw of three volunteers. It was found that various kinds of biological compounds such as squalene, free fatty acids, wax esters, triacylglycerols, and amino acids were detected. The simultaneous detection of compounds with a wide range of proton affinities suggests that the occurrence of consecutive proton transfer reactions is less likely to occur in the present experimental system. This is mainly due to the short distance of 1.5 mm between the tip of the corona needle and the inlet of the mass spectrometer (i.e., proximity corona discharge ion source). Under this condition, the transition time of the primary reactant ions (e.g., H3O+) from the tip of the corona discharge needle to the ion sampling orifice is roughly estimated to be ∼20 μs. This value nearly corresponds to the reaction lifetime of exoergic proton transfer reactions with a rate constant: ∼10-9 cm3 s-1 for the analytes of 1 ppm. Accordingly, analytes with concentrations less than 1 ppm would be ionized semi-quantitatively by the present method, making this method highly suitable for the rapid analysis of samples composed of complex mixture of compounds, e.g., non-target lipidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Hiraoka
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8511, Japan.
| | - Haruo Shimada
- BioChromato, Inc. 1-12-19 Honcho, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-0053, Japan
| | | | - Stephanie Rankin-Turner
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Satoshi Ninomiya
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8511, Japan.
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12
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Serpico L, Dello Iacono S, Cammarano A, De Stefano L. Recent Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Wound Dressing. Gels 2023; 9:451. [PMID: 37367122 DOI: 10.3390/gels9060451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric materials have found increasing use in biomedical applications in the last decades. Among them, hydrogels represent the chosen class of materials to use in this field, in particular as wound dressings. They are generally non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable, and they can absorb large amounts of exudates. Moreover, hydrogels actively contribute to skin repair promoting fibroblast proliferation and keratinocyte migration, allowing oxygen to permeate, and protecting wounds from microbial invasion. As wound dressing, stimuli-responsive systems are particularly advantageous since they can be active only in response to specific environmental stimuli (such as pH, light, ROS concentration, temperature, and glucose level). In this review, we briefly resume the human skin's structure and functions, as well as the wound healing phases; then, we present recent advances in stimuli-responsive hydrogels-based wound dressings. Lastly, we provide a bibliometric analysis of knowledge produced in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigia Serpico
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Materias Srl, Corso N. Protopisani 50, 80146 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Dello Iacono
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | | | - Luca De Stefano
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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13
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Patra V, Bordag N, Clement Y, Köfeler H, Nicolas JF, Vocanson M, Ayciriex S, Wolf P. Ultraviolet exposure regulates skin metabolome based on the microbiome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7207. [PMID: 37137992 PMCID: PMC10156686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin metabolites (< 1500 Da) play a critical role in barrier function, hydration, immune response, microbial invasion, and allergen penetration. We aimed to understand the global metabolic profile changes of the skin in relation to the microbiome and UV exposure and exposed germ-free (devoid of microbiome), disinfected mice (partially devoid of skin microbiome) and control mice with intact microbiome to immunosuppressive doses of UVB radiation. Targeted and untargeted lipidome and metabolome profiling was performed with skin tissue by high-resolution mass spectrometry. UV differentially regulated various metabolites such as alanine, choline, glycine, glutamine, and histidine in germ-free mice compared to control mice. Membrane lipid species such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin were also affected by UV in a microbiome-dependent manner. These results shed light on the dynamics and interactions between the skin metabolome, microbiome, and UV exposure and open new avenues for the development of metabolite- or lipid-based applications to maintain skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaykumar Patra
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - Natalie Bordag
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Yohann Clement
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Harald Köfeler
- Core Facility for Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jean-Francois Nicolas
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Lyon Sud University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Marc Vocanson
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Ayciriex
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria.
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14
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Min J, Tu J, Xu C, Lukas H, Shin S, Yang Y, Solomon SA, Mukasa D, Gao W. Skin-Interfaced Wearable Sweat Sensors for Precision Medicine. Chem Rev 2023; 123:5049-5138. [PMID: 36971504 PMCID: PMC10406569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors hold great potential in empowering personalized health monitoring, predictive analytics, and timely intervention toward personalized healthcare. Advances in flexible electronics, materials science, and electrochemistry have spurred the development of wearable sweat sensors that enable the continuous and noninvasive screening of analytes indicative of health status. Existing major challenges in wearable sensors include: improving the sweat extraction and sweat sensing capabilities, improving the form factor of the wearable device for minimal discomfort and reliable measurements when worn, and understanding the clinical value of sweat analytes toward biomarker discovery. This review provides a comprehensive review of wearable sweat sensors and outlines state-of-the-art technologies and research that strive to bridge these gaps. The physiology of sweat, materials, biosensing mechanisms and advances, and approaches for sweat induction and sampling are introduced. Additionally, design considerations for the system-level development of wearable sweat sensing devices, spanning from strategies for prolonged sweat extraction to efficient powering of wearables, are discussed. Furthermore, the applications, data analytics, commercialization efforts, challenges, and prospects of wearable sweat sensors for precision medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Min
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Jiaobing Tu
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Changhao Xu
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Heather Lukas
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Soyoung Shin
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Yiran Yang
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Samuel A. Solomon
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Daniel Mukasa
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
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15
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Čižmárová B, Hubková B, Tomečková V, Birková A. Flavonoids as Promising Natural Compounds in the Prevention and Treatment of Selected Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076324. [PMID: 37047297 PMCID: PMC10094312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals represent a large and diverse group of naturally occurring compounds, bioactive nutrients, or phytonutrients produced by plants, widely found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains products, legumes, beans, herbs, seeds, nuts, tea, and dark chocolate. They are classified according to their chemical structures and functional properties. Flavonoids belong to the phenolic class of phytochemicals with potential solid pharmacological effects as modulators of multiple signal transduction pathways. Their beneficial effect on the human body is associated with their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic properties. Flavonoids are also widely used in various nutritional, pharmaceutical, medical, and cosmetic applications. In our review, we discuss the positive effect of flavonoids on chronic skin diseases such as vitiligo, psoriasis, acne, and atopic dermatitis.
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16
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The Molecular Effect of Wearing Silver-Threaded Clothing on the Human Skin. mSystems 2023; 8:e0092222. [PMID: 36722970 PMCID: PMC9948701 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00922-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
With growing awareness that what we put in and on our bodies affects our health and wellbeing, little is still known about the impact of textiles on the human skin. Athletic wear often uses silver threading to improve hygiene, but little is known about its effect on the body's largest organ. In this study, we investigated the impact of such clothing on the skin's chemistry and microbiome. Samples were collected from different body sites of a dozen volunteers over the course of 12 weeks. The changes induced by the antibacterial clothing were specific for individuals, but more so defined by gender and body site. Unexpectedly, the microbial biomass on skin increased in the majority of the volunteers when wearing silver-threaded T-shirts. Although the most abundant taxa remained unaffected, silver caused an increase in diversity and richness of low-abundant bacteria and a decrease in chemical diversity. Both effects were mainly observed for women. The hallmark of the induced changes was an increase in the abundance of various monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), especially in the upper back. Several microbe-metabolite associations were uncovered, including Cutibacterium, detected in the upper back area, which was correlated with the distribution of MUFAs, and Anaerococcus spp. found in the underarms, which were associated with a series of different bile acids. Overall, these findings point to a notable impact of the silver-threaded material on the skin microbiome and chemistry. We observed that relatively subtle changes in the microbiome result in pronounced shifts in molecular composition. IMPORTANCE The impact of silver-threaded material on human skin chemistry and microbiome is largely unknown. Although the most abundant taxa remained unaffected, silver caused an increase in diversity and richness of low-abundant bacteria and a decrease in chemical diversity. The major change was an increase in the abundance of various monounsaturated fatty acids that were also correlated with Cutibacterium. Additionally, Anaerococcus spp., found in the underarms, were associated with different bile acids in the armpit samples. Overall, the impact of the silver-threaded clothing was gender and body site specific.
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17
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Yu KC, Hsu CY, Prabhu GRD, Chiu HY, Urban PL. Vending-Machine-Style Skin Excretion Sensing. ACS Sens 2023; 8:326-334. [PMID: 36598150 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Skin metabolites show huge potential for use in clinical diagnostics. However, skin sampling and analysis workflows are tedious and time-consuming. Here, we demonstrate a vending-machine-style skin excretion sensing platform based on hydrogel-assisted sampling of skin metabolites. In this sensing platform, a sampling probe with hydrogel is held by a robotic arm. The robotic arm manoeuvres the probe to press it onto the forearm of a human subject. Due to the highly hydrophilic nature of the hydrogel, water-soluble metabolites─released by skin─are collected into the hydrogel, leaving behind the nonpolar metabolites. The probe is then inserted into a custom-made open port sampling interface coupled to an electrospray ion source of a high-resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Metabolites in the hydrogel are immediately extracted by a solvent liquid junction in the interface and analyzed using the mass spectrometer. The ion current of the target analyte is displayed on a customized graphical user interface, which can also be used to control the key components of the analytical platform. The automated sampling and analysis workflow starts after the user inserts coins or presents an insurance card, presses a button, and extends an arm on the sampling area. The platform relies on low-cost mechanical and electronic modules (a robotic arm, a single-board computer, and two microcontroller boards). The limits of detection for standard analytes─arginine, citrulline, and histidine─embedded in agarose gel beds were 148, 205, and 199 nM, respectively. Various low-molecular-weight metabolites from human skin have been identified with the high-resolution mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chiang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu300044, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yao Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu300044, Taiwan
| | - Gurpur Rakesh D Prabhu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu300044, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yi Chiu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, 25 Jingguo Road, Hsinchu300, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, 25 Jingguo Road, Hsinchu300, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung Shan S. Road, Taipei100, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen Ai Road, Taipei100, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu300044, Taiwan.,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu300044, Taiwan
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18
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Skin Cancer Metabolic Profile Assessed by Different Analytical Platforms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021604. [PMID: 36675128 PMCID: PMC9866771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer, including malignant melanoma (MM) and keratinocyte carcinoma (KC), historically named non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC), represents the most common type of cancer among the white skin population. Despite decades of clinical research, the incidence rate of melanoma is increasing globally. Therefore, a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and resistance mechanisms is considered vital to accomplish early diagnosis and satisfactory control. The "Omics" field has recently gained attention, as it can help in identifying and exploring metabolites and metabolic pathways that assist cancer cells in proliferation, which can be further utilized to improve the diagnosis and treatment of skin cancer. Although skin tissues contain diverse metabolic enzymes, it remains challenging to fully characterize these metabolites. Metabolomics is a powerful omics technique that allows us to measure and compare a vast array of metabolites in a biological sample. This technology enables us to study the dermal metabolic effects and get a clear explanation of the pathogenesis of skin diseases. The purpose of this literature review is to illustrate how metabolomics technology can be used to evaluate the metabolic profile of human skin cancer, using a variety of analytical platforms including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Data collection has not been based on any analytical method.
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19
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Chen H, Zhao Q, Zhong Q, Duan C, Krutmann J, Wang J, Xia J. Skin Microbiome, Metabolome and Skin Phenome, from the Perspectives of Skin as an Ecosystem. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 2:363-382. [PMID: 36939800 PMCID: PMC9712873 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-022-00073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Skin is a complex ecosystem colonized by millions of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Skin microbiota is believed to exert critical functions in maintaining host skin health. Profiling the structure of skin microbial community is the first step to overview the ecosystem. However, the community composition is highly individualized and extremely complex. To explore the fundamental factors driving the complexity of the ecosystem, namely the selection pressures, we review the present studies on skin microbiome from the perspectives of ecology. This review summarizes the following: (1) the composition of substances/nutrients in the cutaneous ecological environment that are derived from the host and the environment, highlighting their proposed function on skin microbiota; (2) the features of dominant skin commensals to occupy ecological niches, through self-adaptation and microbe-microbe interactions; (3) how skin microbes, by their structures or bioactive molecules, reshape host skin phenotypes, including skin immunity, maintenance of skin physiology such as pH and hydration, ultraviolet (UV) protection, odor production, and wound healing. This review aims to re-examine the host-microbe interactions from the ecological perspectives and hopefully to give new inspiration to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Qi Zhao
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
- grid.435557.50000 0004 0518 6318IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, D-40225 Germany
| | - Qian Zhong
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Cheng Duan
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Guangzhou, 511458 China
| | - Jean Krutmann
- grid.435557.50000 0004 0518 6318IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, D-40225 Germany
| | - Jiucun Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and Developing New Technologies for Treatment and Prevention of Skin Phenotypes and Dermatological Diseases (2019RU058), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Jingjing Xia
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Guangzhou, 511458 China
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20
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Ibrahim NFA, Sabani N, Johari S, Manaf AA, Wahab AA, Zakaria Z, Noor AM. A Comprehensive Review of the Recent Developments in Wearable Sweat-Sensing Devices. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:7670. [PMID: 36236769 PMCID: PMC9573257 DOI: 10.3390/s22197670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sweat analysis offers non-invasive real-time on-body measurement for wearable sensors. However, there are still gaps in current developed sweat-sensing devices (SSDs) regarding the concerns of mixing fresh and old sweat and real-time measurement, which are the requirements to ensure accurate the measurement of wearable devices. This review paper discusses these limitations by aiding model designs, features, performance, and the device operation for exploring the SSDs used in different sweat collection tools, focusing on continuous and non-continuous flow sweat analysis. In addition, the paper also comprehensively presents various sweat biomarkers that have been explored by earlier works in order to broaden the use of non-invasive sweat samples in healthcare and related applications. This work also discusses the target analyte's response mechanism for different sweat compositions, categories of sweat collection devices, and recent advances in SSDs regarding optimal design, functionality, and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fatin Adini Ibrahim
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Sabani
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Center of Excellance Micro System Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Shazlina Johari
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Center of Excellance Micro System Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Asrulnizam Abd Manaf
- Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia
| | - Asnida Abdul Wahab
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Zulkarnay Zakaria
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Sports Engineering Research Center, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Anas Mohd Noor
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Center of Excellance Micro System Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
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21
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Xu Y, Cai W, Chen R, Zhang X, Bai Z, Zhang Y, Qin Y, Gu M, Sun Y, Wu Y, Wang Z. Metabolomic Analysis and MRM Verification of Coarse and Fine Skin Tissues of Liaoning Cashmere Goat. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175483. [PMID: 36080249 PMCID: PMC9457707 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the critical elements in evaluating the quality of cashmere is its fineness, but we still know little about how it is regulated at the metabolic level. In this paper, we use UHPLC–MS/MS detection and analysis technology to compare the difference in metabolites between coarse cashmere (CT_LCG) and fine cashmere (FT_LCG) skin of Liaoning cashmere goats. According to the data, under positive mode four metabolites were significantly up-regulated and seven were significantly down-regulated. In negative mode, seven metabolites were significantly up-regulated and fourteen metabolites were significantly down-regulated. The two groups’ most significant metabolites, Gly–Phe and taurochenodeoxycholate, may be crucial in controlling cashmere’s growth, development, and fineness. In addition, we enriched six KEGG pathways, of which cholesterol metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and bile secretion were enriched in positive and negative modes. These findings offer a new research idea for further study into the critical elements influencing cashmere’s fineness.
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22
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Bunse M, Daniels R, Gründemann C, Heilmann J, Kammerer DR, Keusgen M, Lindequist U, Melzig MF, Morlock GE, Schulz H, Schweiggert R, Simon M, Stintzing FC, Wink M. Essential Oils as Multicomponent Mixtures and Their Potential for Human Health and Well-Being. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:956541. [PMID: 36091825 PMCID: PMC9449585 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.956541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) and their individual volatile organic constituents have been an inherent part of our civilization for thousands of years. They are widely used as fragrances in perfumes and cosmetics and contribute to a healthy diet, but also act as active ingredients of pharmaceutical products. Their antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties have qualified EOs early on for both, the causal and symptomatic therapy of a number of diseases, but also for prevention. Obtained from natural, mostly plant materials, EOs constitute a typical example of a multicomponent mixture (more than one constituent substances, MOCS) with up to several hundreds of individual compounds, which in a sophisticated composition make up the property of a particular complete EO. The integrative use of EOs as MOCS will play a major role in human and veterinary medicine now and in the future and is already widely used in some cases, e.g., in aromatherapy for the treatment of psychosomatic complaints, for inhalation in the treatment of respiratory diseases, or topically administered to manage adverse skin diseases. The diversity of molecules with different functionalities exhibits a broad range of multiple physical and chemical properties, which are the base of their multi-target activity as opposed to single isolated compounds. Whether and how such a broad-spectrum effect is reflected in natural mixtures and which kind of pharmacological potential they provide will be considered in the context of ONE Health in more detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Bunse
- Department of Analytical Development and Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Bad Boll, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniels
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Gründemann
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Heilmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar R. Kammerer
- Department of Analytical Development and Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Bad Boll, Germany
| | - Michael Keusgen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Lindequist
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Gertrud E. Morlock
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hartwig Schulz
- Consulting & Project Management for Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Stahnsdorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Schweiggert
- Institute of Beverage Research, Chair of Analysis and Technology of Plant-Based Foods, Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Meinhard Simon
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Florian C. Stintzing
- Department of Analytical Development and Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Bad Boll, Germany
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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An Overview of the Latest Metabolomics Studies on Atopic Eczema with New Directions for Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158791. [PMID: 35955924 PMCID: PMC9368995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic eczema (AE) is an inflammatory skin disorder affecting approximately 20% of children worldwide and early onset can lead to asthma and allergies. Currently, the mechanisms of the disease are not fully understood. Metabolomics, the analysis of small molecules in the skin produced by the host and microbes, opens a window to observe the mechanisms of the disease which then may lead to new drug targets for AE treatment. Here, we review the latest advances in AE metabolomics, highlighting both the lipid and non-lipid molecules, along with reviewing the metabolites currently known to reside in the skin.
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24
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Paganelli A, Righi V, Tarentini E, Magnoni C. Current Knowledge in Skin Metabolomics: Updates from Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158776. [PMID: 35955911 PMCID: PMC9369191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomic profiling is an emerging field consisting of the measurement of metabolites in a biological system. Since metabolites can vary in relation to different stimuli, specific metabolic patterns can be closely related to a pathological process. In the dermatological setting, skin metabolomics can provide useful biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of cutaneous disorders. The main goal of the present review is to present a comprehensive overview of the published studies in skin metabolomics. A search for journal articles focused on skin metabolomics was conducted on the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Scopus electronic databases. Only research articles with electronically available English full text were taken into consideration. Studies specifically focused on cutaneous microbiomes were also excluded from the present search. A total of 97 papers matched all the research criteria and were therefore considered for the present work. Most of the publications were focused on inflammatory dermatoses and immune-mediated cutaneous disorders. Skin oncology also turned out to be a relevant field in metabolomic research. Only a few papers were focused on infectious diseases and rarer genetic disorders. All the major metabolomic alterations published so far in the dermatological setting are described extensively in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Paganelli
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine Ph.D. Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Regenerative and Oncological Dermatological Surgery Unit, Modena University Hospital, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-059-4222347
| | - Valeria Righi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tarentini
- Servizio Formazione, Ricerca e Innovazione, Modena University Hospital, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Cristina Magnoni
- Regenerative and Oncological Dermatological Surgery Unit, Modena University Hospital, 41124 Modena, Italy
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25
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Kahremanoğlu K, Tosun H, Eroğlu AE, Boyaci E. Recent progress in wearable extractive sampling technology. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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26
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Jankovskaja S, Morin M, Gustafsson A, Anderson CD, Lehoczki B, Engblom J, Björklund S, Rezeli M, Marko-Varga G, Ruzgas T. Non-Invasive, Topical Sampling of Potential, Low-Molecular Weight, Skin Cancer Biomarkers: A Study on Healthy Volunteers. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5856-5865. [PMID: 35394278 PMCID: PMC9022073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring of low-molecular weight cancer biomarkers, such as tryptophan (Trp) and its derivative kynurenine (Kyn), might be advantageous to non-invasive skin cancer detection. Thus, we assessed several approaches of topical sampling of Trp and Kyn, in relation to phenylalanine (Phe) and tyrosine (Tyr), on the volar forearm of six healthy volunteers. The sampling was performed with three hydrogels (made of agarose or/and chitosan), hydrated starch films, cotton swabs, and tape stripping. The biomarkers were successfully sampled by all approaches, but the amount of collected Kyn was low, 20 ± 10 pmol/cm2. Kyn quantification was below LOQ, and thus, it was detected only in 20% of topical samples. To mitigate variability problems of absolute amounts of sampled amino acids, Tyr/Trp, Phe/Trp, and Phe/Tyr ratios were assessed, proving reduced inter-individual variation from 79 to 45% and intra-individual variation from 42 to 21%. Strong positive correlation was found between Phe and Trp, pointing to the Phe/Trp ratio (being in the 1.0-2.0 range, at 95% confidence) being least dependent on sampling materials, approaches, and sweating. This study leads to conclusion that due to the difficulty in quantifying less abundant Kyn, and thus the Trp/Kyn ratio, the Phe/Trp ratio might be a possible, alternative biomarker for detecting skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skaidre Jankovskaja
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, Malmö 214 28, Sweden.,Biofilms─Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Maxim Morin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, Malmö 214 28, Sweden.,Biofilms─Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Anna Gustafsson
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, Malmö 214 28, Sweden.,Biofilms─Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Chris D Anderson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Boglarka Lehoczki
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, Malmö 214 28, Sweden.,Biofilms─Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Johan Engblom
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, Malmö 214 28, Sweden.,Biofilms─Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Björklund
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, Malmö 214 28, Sweden.,Biofilms─Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Melinda Rezeli
- Clinical Protein Science and Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Clinical Protein Science and Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Tautgirdas Ruzgas
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, Malmö 214 28, Sweden.,Biofilms─Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
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27
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Shan M, Liu H, Hao Y, Song K, Meng T, Feng C, Wang Y, Huang Y. Metabolomic Profiling Reveals That 5-Hydroxylysine and 1-Methylnicotinamide Are Metabolic Indicators of Keloid Severity. Front Genet 2022; 12:804248. [PMID: 35222522 PMCID: PMC8864098 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.804248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Keloid is a skin fibroproliferative disease with unknown pathogenesis. Metabolomics provides a new perspective for revealing biomarkers related to metabolites and their metabolic mechanisms. Method: Metabolomics and transcriptomics were used for data analysis. Quality control of the data was performed to standardize the data. Principal component analysis (PCA), PLS-DA, OPLS-DA, univariate analysis, CIBERSORT, neural network model, and machine learning correlation analysis were used to calculate differential metabolites. The molecular mechanisms of characteristic metabolites and differentially expressed genes were identified through enrichment analysis and topological analysis. Result: Compared with normal tissue, lipids have a tendency to decrease in keloids, while peptides have a tendency to increase in keloids. Significantly different metabolites between the two groups were identified by random forest analysis, including 1-methylnicotinamide, 4-hydroxyproline, 5-hydroxylysine, and l-prolinamide. The metabolic pathways which play important roles in the pathogenesis of keloids included arachidonic acid metabolism and d-arginine and d-ornithine metabolism. Metabolomic profiling reveals that 5-hydroxylysine and 1-methylnicotinamide are metabolic indicators of keloid severity. The high-risk early warning index for 5-hydroxylysine is 4 × 108-6.3×108 (p = 0.0008), and the high-risk predictive index for 1-methylnicotinamide is 0.95 × 107-1.6×107 (p = 0.0022). Conclusion: This study was the first to reveal the metabolome profile and transcriptome of keloids. Differential metabolites and metabolic pathways were calculated by machine learning. Metabolomic profiling reveals that 5-hydroxylysine and 1-methylnicotinamide may be metabolic indicators of keloid severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Shan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Hao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Meng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Feng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Youbin Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongsheng Huang
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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28
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Masutin V, Kersch C, Schmitz-Spanke S. A systematic review: metabolomics-based identification of altered metabolites and pathways in the skin caused by internal and external factors. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:700-714. [PMID: 35030266 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The skin's ability to function optimally is affected by many diverse factors. Metabolomics has a great potential to improve our understanding of the underlying metabolic changes and the affected pathways. Therefore, the objective of this study was to review the current state of the literature and to perform further metabolic pathway analysis on the obtained data. The aim was to gain an overview of the metabolic changes under altered conditions and to identify common and different patterns as a function of the investigated factors. A cross-study comparison of the extracted studies from different databases identified 364 metabolites, whose concentrations were considerably altered by the following factor groups: irradiation, xenobiotics, aging, and skin diseases (mainly psoriasis). Using metabolic databases and pathway analysis tools the individual metabolites were assigned to the corresponding metabolic pathways and the most strongly affected signaling pathways were identified. All factors induced oxidative stress. Thus, antioxidant defense systems, especially coenzyme Q10 (aging) and the glutathione system (irradiation, aging, xenobiotics) were impacted. Lipid metabolism was also impacted by all factors studied. The carnitine shuttle as part of β-oxidation was activated by all factor groups except aging. Glycolysis, Krebs (TCA) cycle and purine metabolism were mainly affected by irradiation and xenobiotics. The pentose phosphate pathway was activated and Krebs cycle was downregulated in response to oxidative stress. In summary, it can be ascertained that mainly energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, antioxidative defense and DNA repair systems were impacted by the factors studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Masutin
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
| | - Christian Kersch
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
| | - Simone Schmitz-Spanke
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
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29
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Rankin-Turner S, McMeniman CJ. A headspace collection chamber for whole body volatilomics. Analyst 2022; 147:5210-5222. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an01227h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The human body secretes a complex blend of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) via the skin, breath and bodily fluids. In this study, we have developed a headspace collection chamber for whole body volatilome profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rankin-Turner
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Conor J. McMeniman
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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30
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Metabolomic Study of Zuojin Pill in Relieving 1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine-Induced Chronic Atrophic Gastritis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:7004798. [PMID: 34956382 PMCID: PMC8709764 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7004798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The classic prescription Zuojin Pill (ZJP) shows a good therapeutic effect on chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG); it is of great significance to clarify its specific mechanism. Therefore, we explore the mechanism of ZJP on MNNG-induced CAG by integrating approaches. First of all, through the pathological changes of gastric tissue and the expression level of PGI and PGI/II in serum, the expression of inflammation-related factors was determined by RT-PCR to determine the efficacy. Then, UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was used for plasma and urine metabolomic analysis to screen the specific potential biomarkers and metabolic pathway of ZJP in ameliorating CAG and to explore its possible mechanism. ZJP significantly ameliorate the pathological injury of gastric tissue, increase levels of PGI and PGI/II, and reduce the expression level of proinflammatory factors. Through metabolomic analysis, 9 potential metabolic differences were identified and 6 related metabolic pathways were enriched. These findings indicate for the first time the potential mechanism of ZJP in improving CAG induced by MNNG and are of great significance to the clinical development and application of ZJP-related drugs.
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31
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Boyajian JL, Ghebretatios M, Schaly S, Islam P, Prakash S. Microbiome and Human Aging: Probiotic and Prebiotic Potentials in Longevity, Skin Health and Cellular Senescence. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124550. [PMID: 34960102 PMCID: PMC8705837 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the microbiome in human aging is important: the microbiome directly impacts aging through the gastrointestinal system. However, the microbial impact on skin has yet to be fully understood. For example, cellular senescence is an intrinsic aging process that has been recently associated with microbial imbalance. With age, cells become senescent in response to stress wherein they undergo irreversible growth arrest while maintaining high metabolic activity. An accumulation of senescent cells has been linked to various aging and chronic pathologies due to an overexpression of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) comprised of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, proteases, lipids and extracellular matrix components. In particular, dermatological disorders may be promoted by senescence as the skin is a common site of accumulation. The gut microbiota influences cellular senescence and skin disruption through the gut-skin axis and secretion of microbial metabolites. Metabolomics can be used to identify and quantify metabolites involved in senescence. Moreover, novel anti-senescent therapeutics are warranted given the poor safety profiles of current pharmaceutical drugs. Probiotics and prebiotics may be effective alternatives, considering the relationship between the microbiome and healthy aging. However, further research on gut composition under a senescent status is needed to develop immunomodulatory therapies.
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32
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Ni HT, Prabhu GRD, Elpa DP, Chiu HY, Urban PL. Flat Disc-Shaped Sampling Probe and Online Re-extraction Apparatus for Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Skin Metabolites: A Proof of Concept. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2803-2811. [PMID: 34739241 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sweat analysis provides an alternative and noninvasive way of clinical diagnostics. However, sampling and transferring sweat-derived samples to analytical instruments is challenging. In this report, we demonstrate a method utilizing a flat disc-shaped sampling probe, and a compatible re-extraction apparatus coupled online with extractive electrospray ionization (EESI) mass spectrometry (MS). The probe enables sampling of metabolites from a skin area of ∼2.2 cm2. The subsequent online re-extraction and analysis by EESI-MS further mitigates matrix effects caused by sweat components, thus eliminating sample preparation steps. The total analysis time is only 6 min. We have optimized the key parameters of the system, including flow rate of the nebulizing gas in ESI, pressure of the nebulizing gas in pneumatic sample nebulizer, flow rate of the solvent in ESI, and composition of extractant. The standard solutions (0.1 mL) were supplemented with 0.04 M sodium chloride to mimic the matrix effect normally observed in sweat samples. The method has been characterized with four chemical standards (positive-ion mode of histidine, leucine, urocanic acid; negative-ion mode of lactic acid). The limits of detection range from 1.09 to 95.9 nmol. We have further demonstrated the suitability of the method for analysis of sweat. An attempt was made to identify some of the recorded signals by product-ion scan and accurate/exact mass matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Ting Ni
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Gurpur Rakesh D Prabhu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Decibel P Elpa
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yi Chiu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, 25 Jingguo Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, 25 Jingguo Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung Shan S. Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road., Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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33
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Brunmair J, Gotsmy M, Niederstaetter L, Neuditschko B, Bileck A, Slany A, Feuerstein ML, Langbauer C, Janker L, Zanghellini J, Meier-Menches SM, Gerner C. Finger sweat analysis enables short interval metabolic biomonitoring in humans. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5993. [PMID: 34645808 PMCID: PMC8514494 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic biomonitoring in humans is typically based on the sampling of blood, plasma or urine. Although established in the clinical routine, these sampling procedures are often associated with a variety of compliance issues, which are impeding time-course studies. Here, we show that the metabolic profiling of the minute amounts of sweat sampled from fingertips addresses this challenge. Sweat sampling from fingertips is non-invasive, robust and can be accomplished repeatedly by untrained personnel. The sweat matrix represents a rich source for metabolic phenotyping. We confirm the feasibility of short interval sampling of sweat from the fingertips in time-course studies involving the consumption of coffee or the ingestion of a caffeine capsule after a fasting interval, in which we successfully monitor all known caffeine metabolites as well as endogenous metabolic responses. Fluctuations in the rate of sweat production are accounted for by mathematical modelling to reveal individual rates of caffeine uptake, metabolism and clearance. To conclude, metabotyping using sweat from fingertips combined with mathematical network modelling shows promise for broad applications in precision medicine by enabling the assessment of dynamic metabolic patterns, which may overcome the limitations of purely compositional biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brunmair
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Gotsmy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Niederstaetter
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Neuditschko
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Slany
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Max Lennart Feuerstein
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Langbauer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Janker
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Zanghellini
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samuel M Meier-Menches
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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34
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Ferrara F, Zoupanou S, Primiceri E, Ali Z, Chiriacò MS. Beyond liquid biopsy: Toward non-invasive assays for distanced cancer diagnostics in pandemics. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 196:113698. [PMID: 34688113 PMCID: PMC8527216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy technologies have seen a significant improvement in the last decade, offering the possibility of reliable analysis and diagnosis from several biological fluids. The use of these technologies can overcome the limits of standard clinical methods, related to invasiveness and poor patient compliance. Along with this there are now mature examples of lab-on-chips (LOC) which are available and could be an emerging and breakthrough technology for the present and near-future clinical demands that provide sample treatment, reagent addition and analysis in a sample-in/answer-out approach. The possibility of combining non-invasive liquid biopsy and LOC technologies could greatly assist in the current need for minimizing exposure and transmission risks. The recent and ongoing pandemic outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, indeed, has heavily influenced all aspects of life worldwide. Ordinary tasks have been forced to switch from “in presence” to “distanced”, limiting the possibilities for a large number of activities in all fields of life outside of the home. Unfortunately, one of the settings in which physical distancing has assumed noteworthy consequences is the screening, diagnosis and follow-up of diseases. In this review, we analyse biological fluids that are easily collected without the intervention of specialized personnel and the possibility that they may be used -or not-for innovative diagnostic assays. We consider their advantages and limitations, mainly due to stability and storage and their integration into Point-of-Care diagnostics, demonstrating that technologies in some cases are mature enough to meet current clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferrara
- STMicroelectronics s.r.l., via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy; CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Sofia Zoupanou
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy; University of Salento, Dept. of Mathematics & Physics E. de Giorgi, Via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Primiceri
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Zulfiqur Ali
- University of Teesside, School of Health & Life Sciences, Healthcare Innovation Centre, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, Tees Valley, England, UK
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Wu X, Zhu J, Chen S, Xu Y, Hua C, Lai L, Cheng H, Song Y, Chen X. Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analyses Reveal Histidine Metabolism Plays an Important Role in Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Skin Inflammation. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1325-1337. [PMID: 34582699 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by massive keratinocyte proliferation and immune cell infiltration into the epidermis. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the development of psoriasis remain unclear. Untargeted metabolomics and transcriptomics have been used separately to profile biomarkers and risk genes in the serum of psoriasis patients. However, the integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics to identify dysregulated metabolites and genes in the psoriatic skin is lacking. In this study, we performed an untargeted metabolomics analysis of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like mice and healthy controls, and found that levels of a total of 4,188 metabolites differed in IMQ-induced psoriasis-like mice compared with those in control mice. Metabolomic data analysis using MetaboAnalyst showed that the metabolic pathways of primary metabolites, such as folate biosynthesis and galactose metabolism, were significantly altered in the skin of mice after treatment with IMQ. Furthermore, IMQ treatment also significantly altered metabolic pathways of secondary metabolites, including histidine metabolism, in mouse skin tissues. The metabolomic results were verified by transcriptomics analysis. RNA-seq results showed that histamine decarboxylase (HDC) mRNA levels were significantly upregulated after IMQ treatment. Targeted inhibition of histamine biosynthesis process using HDC-specific inhibitor, pinocembrin (PINO), significantly alleviated epidermal thickness, downregulated the expression of interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-23, and inhibited the infiltration of immune cells during IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation. In conclusion, our study offers a validated and comprehensive understanding of metabolism during the development of psoriasis and demonstrated that PINO could protect against IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siji Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaohan Xu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunting Hua
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Lai
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinjing Song
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianzhen Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Luo TT, Sun ZH, Li CX, Feng JL, Xiao ZX, Li WD. Monitor for lactate in perspiration. J Physiol Sci 2021; 71:26. [PMID: 34445952 PMCID: PMC10717619 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-021-00811-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sweat is a noninvasive biological fluid on the surface of human skin and has attracted increasing attention as a diagnostic specimen for disease and biomarker detection. Sweat metabolite quantification is possible due to progress in sweat analysis techniques; nevertheless, the role of sweat monitoring in energy metabolism, physiological or pathological state assessment, health status assessment, and the development and outcome of metabolism-related diseases remains unclear. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on human sweat lactate concentration. The first, second, and third sections of this review present an introduction of sweat lactate, methods for the collection and storage of sweat lactate samples, and methods of detection and analysis of sweat lactate, respectively. The fourth section elaborates upon the current state of clinical application of sweat lactate monitoring and its prospects for health surveillance. The last section focuses on the challenges and future directions of this novel technology for detecting lactate in sweat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Luo
- School of Nursing, Institute of Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Hai Sun
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chu-Xin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Lian Feng
- School of Nursing, Institute of Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Xiu Xiao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Dong Li
- School of Nursing, Institute of Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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