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Kijima T, Kurokawa D, Sasakura Y, Ogasawara M, Aratake S, Yoshida K, Yoshida M. CatSper mediates not only chemotactic behavior but also the motility of ascidian sperm. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1136537. [PMID: 38020915 PMCID: PMC10652287 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1136537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sperm motility, including chemotactic behavior, is regulated by changes in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and the sperm-specific Ca2+ channel CatSper has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+. In particular, in mammals, CatSper is the only functional Ca2+ channel in the sperm, and mice deficient in the genes comprising the pore region of the Ca2+ channel are infertile due to the inhibition of sperm hyperactivation. CatSper is also thought to be involved in sea urchin chemotaxis. In contrast, in ascidian Ciona intestinalis, SAAF, a sperm attractant, interacts with Ca2+/ATPase, a Ca2+ pump. Although the existence of CatSper genes has been reported, it is not clear whether CatSper is a functional Ca2+ channel in sperm. Results: We showed that CatSper is present in the sperm flagella of C. intestinalis as in mammalian species, although a small level of gene expression was found in other tissues. The spermatozoa of CatSper3 KO animals were significantly less motile, and some motile sperms did not show any chemotactic behavior. These results suggest that CatSper plays an important role in ascidians and mammals, and is involved in spermatogenesis and basic motility mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiga Kijima
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurokawa
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sasakura
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shimoda, Japan
| | - Michio Ogasawara
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoe Aratake
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yoshida
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Manabu Yoshida
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa, Japan
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2
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Shiba K, Inaba K. The Role of Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase in the Regulation of Flagellar Motility in Ascidian Sperm. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1594. [PMID: 38002275 PMCID: PMC10668965 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Flagellar motility in sperm is activated and regulated by factors related to the eggs at fertilization. In the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, a sulfated steroid called the SAAF (sperm activating and attracting factor) induces both sperm motility activation and chemotaxis. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is one of the most important intracellular factors in the sperm signaling pathway. Adenylyl cyclase (AC) is the key enzyme that synthesizes cAMP at the onset of the signaling pathway in all cellular functions. We previously reported that both transmembrane AC (tmAC) and soluble AC (sAC) play important roles in sperm motility in Ciona. The tmAC plays a major role in the SAAF-induced activation of sperm motility. On the other hand, sAC is involved in the regulation of flagellar beat frequency and the Ca2+-dependent chemotactic movement of sperm. In this study, we focused on the role of sAC in the regulation of flagellar motility in Ciona sperm chemotaxis. The immunochemical analysis revealed that several isoforms of sAC protein were expressed in Ciona sperm, as reported in mammals and sea urchins. We demonstrated that sAC inhibition caused strong and transient asymmetrization during the chemotactic turn, and then sperm failed to turn toward the SAAF. In addition, real-time Ca2+ imaging in sperm flagella revealed that sAC inhibition induced an excessive and prolonged Ca2+ influx to flagella. These results indicate that sAC plays a key role in sperm chemotaxis by regulating the clearance of [Ca2+]i and by modulating Ca2+-dependent flagellar waveform conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kogiku Shiba
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shimoda 415-0025, Japan;
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Shiba K, Inaba K. The Roles of Two CNG Channels in the Regulation of Ascidian Sperm Chemotaxis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031648. [PMID: 35163568 PMCID: PMC8835908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatozoa sense and respond to their environmental signals to ensure fertilization success. Reception and transduction of signals are reflected rapidly in sperm flagellar waveforms and swimming behavior. In the ascidian Ciona intestinalis (type A; also called C. robusta), an egg-derived sulfated steroid called SAAF (sperm activating and attracting factor), induces both sperm motility activation and chemotaxis. Two types of CNG (cyclic nucleotide-gated) channels, Ci-tetra KCNG (tetrameric, cyclic nucleotide-gated, K+-selective) and Ci-HCN (hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotide-gated), are highly expressed in Ciona testis from the comprehensive gene expression analysis. To elucidate the sperm signaling pathway to regulate flagellar motility, we focus on the role of CNG channels. In this study, the immunochemical analysis revealed that both CNG channels are expressed in Ciona sperm and localized to sperm flagella. Sperm motility analysis and Ca2+ imaging during chemotaxis showed that CNG channel inhibition affected the changes in flagellar waveforms and Ca2+ efflux needed for the chemotactic turn. These results suggest that CNG channels in Ciona sperm play a vital role in regulating sperm motility and intracellular Ca2+ regulation during chemotaxis.
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Tsuchikawa H, Oishi T. Chemical Synthesis, Structure Determination, and Evaluation of Biological Activity of Sperm Activating and Attracting Factors Isolated from Ascidias. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tsuchikawa
- Oita University Institute of Advanced Medicine
- Research Promotion Institute, Oita University
| | - Tohru Oishi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University
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Kinoshita-Terauchi N, Shiba K, Terauchi M, Romero F, Ramírez-Gómez HV, Yoshida M, Motomura T, Kawai H, Nishigaki T. High potassium seawater inhibits ascidian sperm chemotaxis, but does not affect the male gamete chemotaxis of a brown alga. ZYGOTE 2019; 27:225-231. [PMID: 31317854 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199419000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Male gamete chemotaxis towards the female gamete is a general strategy to facilitate the sexual reproduction in many marine eukaryotes. Biochemical studies of chemoattractants for male gametes of brown algae have advanced in the 1970s and 1980s, but the molecular mechanism of male gamete responses to the attractants remains elusive. In sea urchin, a K+ channel called the tetraKCNG channel plays a fundamental role in sperm chemotaxis and inhibition of K+ efflux through this channel by high K+ seawater blocks almost all cell responses to the chemoattractant. This signalling mechanism could be conserved in marine invertebrates as tetraKCNG channels are conserved in the marine invertebrates that exhibit sperm chemotaxis. We confirmed that high K+ seawater also inhibited sperm chemotaxis in ascidian, Ciona intestinalis (robusta), in this study. Conversely, the male gamete chemotaxis towards the female gamete of a brown alga, Mutimo cylindricus, was preserved even in high K+ seawater. This result indicates that none of the K+ channels is essential for male gamete chemotaxis in the brown alga, suggesting that the signalling mechanism for chemotaxis in this brown alga is quite different from that of marine invertebrates. Correlated to this result, we revealed that the channels previously proposed as homologues of tetraKCNG in brown algae have a distinct domain composition from that of the tetraKCNG. Namely, one of them possesses two repeats of the six transmembrane segments (diKCNG) instead of four. The structural analysis suggests that diKCNG is a cyclic nucleotide-modulated and/or voltage-gated K+ channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Kinoshita-Terauchi
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda City, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
| | - Kogiku Shiba
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda City, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan
| | - Makoto Terauchi
- Kobe University Research Center for Inland Seas, Rokkodai, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Center for Genome Informatics, Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Francisco Romero
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (IBT-UNAM), Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62210, Mexico
| | - Héctor Vincente Ramírez-Gómez
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (IBT-UNAM), Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62210, Mexico
| | - Manabu Yoshida
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan
| | - Taizo Motomura
- Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Muroran 051-0013, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawai
- Kobe University Research Center for Inland Seas, Rokkodai, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takuya Nishigaki
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (IBT-UNAM), Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62210, Mexico
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Yoshida K, Shiba K, Sakamoto A, Ikenaga J, Matsunaga S, Inaba K, Yoshida M. Ca 2+ efflux via plasma membrane Ca 2+-ATPase mediates chemotaxis in ascidian sperm. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16622. [PMID: 30413746 PMCID: PMC6226504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
When a spermatozoon shows chemotactic behavior, transient [Ca2+]i increases in the spermatozoon are induced by an attractant gradient. The [Ca2+]i increase triggers a series of stereotypic responses of flagellar waveforms that comprise turning and straight-swimming. However, the molecular mechanism of [Ca2+]i modulation controlled by the attractants is not well defined. Here, we examined receptive mechanisms for the sperm attractant, SAAF, in the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis, and identified a plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) as a SAAF-binding protein. PMCA is localized in sperm flagella membranes and seems to interact with SAAF through basic amino acids located in the second and third extracellular loops. ATPase activity of PMCA was enhanced by SAAF, and PMCA inhibitors, 5(6)-Carboxyeosin diacetate and Caloxin 2A1, inhibited chemotactic behavior of the sperm. Furthermore, Caloxin 2A1 seemed to inhibit efflux of [Ca2+]i in the sperm, and SAAF seemed to competitively reduce the effect of Caloxin 2A1. On the other hand, chemotactic behavior of the sperm was disordered not only at low-Ca2+, but also at high-Ca2+ conditions. Thus, PMCA is a potent candidate for the SAAF receptor, and direct control of Ca2+ efflux via PMCA is a fundamental mechanism to mediate chemotactic behavior in the ascidian spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Yoshida
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 225-8503, Japan
| | - Kogiku Shiba
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa, 238-0225, Japan
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shimoda, 415-0025, Japan
| | - Ayako Sakamoto
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa, 238-0225, Japan
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jumpei Ikenaga
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa, 238-0225, Japan
| | - Shigeru Matsunaga
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa, 238-0225, Japan
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 434-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inaba
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shimoda, 415-0025, Japan
| | - Manabu Yoshida
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa, 238-0225, Japan.
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7
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Watanabe T, Shibata H, Ebine M, Tsuchikawa H, Matsumori N, Murata M, Yoshida M, Morisawa M, Lin S, Yamauchi K, Sakai K, Oishi T. Synthesis and Complete Structure Determination of a Sperm-Activating and -Attracting Factor Isolated from the Ascidian Ascidia sydneiensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:985-997. [PMID: 29589931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For the complete structure elucidation of an endogenous sperm-activating and -attracting factor isolated from eggs of the ascidian Ascidia sydneiensis ( Assydn-SAAF), its two possible diastereomers with respect to C-25 were synthesized. Starting from ergosterol, the characteristic steroid backbone was constructed by using an intramolecular pinacol coupling reaction and stereoselective reduction of a hydroxy ketone as key steps, and the side chain was introduced by Julia-Kocienski olefination. Comparison of the NMR data of the two diastereomers with those of the natural product led to the elucidation of the absolute configuration as 25 S; thus the complete structure was determined and the first synthesis of Assydn-SAAF was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Watanabe
- Faculty and Graduate School of Science , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Hajime Shibata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan
| | - Makoto Ebine
- Faculty and Graduate School of Science , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuchikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Faculty and Graduate School of Science , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan
| | - Manabu Yoshida
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science , University of Tokyo , 1024 Koajiro , Misaki, Miura , Kanagawa 238-0225 , Japan
| | - Masaaki Morisawa
- Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University , 2600 Aihara , Machida , Tokyo 194-0292 , Japan
| | - Shu Lin
- Faculty and Graduate School of Science , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Kosei Yamauchi
- Faculty and Graduate School of Science , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Ken Sakai
- Faculty and Graduate School of Science , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Tohru Oishi
- Faculty and Graduate School of Science , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
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8
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Miyashiro D, Shiba K, Miyashita T, Baba SA, Yoshida M, Kamimura S. Chemotactic response with a constant delay-time mechanism in Ciona spermatozoa revealed by a high time resolution analysis of flagellar motility. Biol Open 2015; 4:109-18. [PMID: 25572419 PMCID: PMC4365479 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20137351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During their chemotactic swimming toward eggs, sperm cells detect their species-specific chemoattractant and sense concentration gradients by unknown mechanisms. After sensing the attractant, sperm cells commonly demonstrate a series of responses involving different swimming patterns by changing flagellar beats, gradually approaching a swimming path toward the eggs, which is the source of chemoattractants. Shiba et al. observed a rapid increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations in Ciona spermatozoa after sensing chemoattractants; however, the biochemical processes occurring inside the sperm cells are unclear. In the present study, we focused on the timing and sensing mechanism of chemical signal detection in Ciona. One of the most crucial problems to be solved is defining the initial epoch of chemotactic responses. We adopted a high rate of video recording (600 Hz) for detailed analysis of sperm motion and a novel method for detecting subtle signs of beat forms and moving paths of sperm heads. From these analyses, we estimated a virtual sensing point of the attractant before initiation of motility responses and found that the time delay from sensing to motility responses was almost constant. To evaluate the efficiency of this constant delay model, we performed computer simulation of chemotactic behaviors of Ciona spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Miyashiro
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Kogiku Shiba
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
| | - Tahahiro Miyashita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Shoji A Baba
- Department of Advanced Biosciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Manabu Yoshida
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamimura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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Yoshida M, Hiradate Y, Sensui N, Cosson J, Morisawa M. Species-specificity of sperm motility activation and chemotaxis: a study on ascidian species. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2013; 224:156-165. [PMID: 23995740 DOI: 10.1086/bblv224n3p156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Egg-derived sperm-activating factors and attractants activate sperm motility and attract the sperm, respectively. These phenomena constitute the first communication signaling between males and females in the process of fertilization in many animals and plants, and in many cases, these are species-specific events. Thus, sperm motility activation and chemotaxis may act as a safety process for the authentication between conspecific egg and sperm, and help to prevent crossbreeding. Here, we examine species-specificity of sperm motility activation and chemotaxis in the ascidians belonging to the order Phlebobranchiata: Ciona intestinalis, Ciona savignyi, Phallusia mammillata, Phallusia nigra, and Ascidia sydneiensis. Cross-reactivity in both motility activation and chemotaxis of sperm was not observed between C. savignyi and P. mammillata, or between A. sydneiensis and Phallusia spp. However, there is a "one way" (no reciprocity) cross-reaction between P. mammillata and P. nigra in sperm activation, and between C. savignyi and A. sydneiensis in sperm chemotaxis. Furthermore, the level of activity is different, even when cross-reaction is observed. Thus, sperm motility activation and chemotaxis are neither "species-" nor "genus-" specific phenomena among the ascidian species. Moreover, the interaction between the sperm-activating and sperm-attracting factors (SAAFs) in the ascidian species and the SAAF receptors on the sperm cells are not all-or-none responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Yoshida
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa, Japan.
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10
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Matsumori N, Hiradate Y, Shibata H, Oishi T, Shimma S, Toyoda M, Hayashi F, Yoshida M, Murata M, Morisawa M. A Novel Sperm-Activating and Attracting Factor from the Ascidian Ascidia sydneiensis. Org Lett 2013; 15:294-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol303172n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Kojirakawa, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan, Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan, and RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center,
| | - Yuki Hiradate
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Kojirakawa, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan, Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan, and RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center,
| | - Hajime Shibata
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Kojirakawa, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan, Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan, and RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center,
| | - Tohru Oishi
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Kojirakawa, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan, Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan, and RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center,
| | - Shuichi Shimma
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Kojirakawa, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan, Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan, and RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center,
| | - Michisato Toyoda
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Kojirakawa, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan, Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan, and RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center,
| | - Fumiaki Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Kojirakawa, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan, Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan, and RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center,
| | - Manabu Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Kojirakawa, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan, Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan, and RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center,
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Kojirakawa, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan, Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan, and RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center,
| | - Masaaki Morisawa
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Kojirakawa, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan, Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan, and RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center,
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11
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Saito T, Shiba K, Inaba K, Yamada L, Sawada H. Self-incompatibility response induced by calcium increase in sperm of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:4158-62. [PMID: 22357759 PMCID: PMC3306710 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1115086109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many hermaphroditic organisms possess a self-incompatibility system to avoid self-fertilization. Recently, we identified the genes responsible for self-sterility in a hermaphroditic primitive chordate (ascidian), Ciona intestinalis: sperm-side polycystin 1-like receptors s-Themis-A/B and egg-side fibrinogen-like ligands on the vitelline coat (VC) v-Themis-A/B. Here, we investigated the sperm behavior and intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in response to self/nonself-recognition. We found that sperm motility markedly decreased within 5 min after attachment to the VC of self-eggs but not after attachment to the VC of nonself-eggs and that the apparent decrease in sperm motility was suppressed in low Ca(2+) seawater. High-speed video analysis revealed that sperm detached from the self-VC or stopped motility within 5 min after binding to the self-VC. Because s-Themis-B contains a cation channel domain in its C terminus, we monitored sperm [Ca(2+)](i) by real-time [Ca(2+)](i) imaging using Fluo-8H-AM (AAT Bioquest, Inc.). Interestingly, we found that sperm [Ca(2+)](i) rapidly and dramatically increased and was maintained at a high level in the head and flagellar regions when sperm interacted with the self-VC but not when the sperm interacted with the nonself-VC. The increase in [Ca(2+)](i) was also suppressed by low-Ca(2+) seawater. These results indicate that the sperm self-recognition signal triggers [Ca(2+)](i) increase and/or Ca(2+) influx, which elicits a self-incompatibility response to reject self-fertilization in C. intestinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Saito
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toba, Mie 517-0004, Japan; and
| | - Kogiku Shiba
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shimoda, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inaba
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shimoda, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
| | - Lixy Yamada
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toba, Mie 517-0004, Japan; and
| | - Hitoshi Sawada
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toba, Mie 517-0004, Japan; and
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Oishi T, Ootou K, Shibata H, Murata M. Second-generation synthesis of endogenous sperm-activating and attracting factor (SAAF) isolated from the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shiba K, Baba SA, Inoue T, Yoshida M. Ca2+ bursts occur around a local minimal concentration of attractant and trigger sperm chemotactic response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:19312-7. [PMID: 19047630 PMCID: PMC2614758 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0808580105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+) is known to have important roles in sperm chemotaxis, although the relationship between intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) and modulation of the swimming and chemotactic behavior of spermatozoa has not been elucidated. Using a high-speed Ca(2+) imaging system, we examined the chemotactic behavior and [Ca(2+)](i) in individual ascidian sperm cells exhibiting chemotactic responses toward sperm activating and attracting factor (SAAF), a chemoattractant released by eggs. In this study, we found that transient [Ca(2+)](i) increased in the flagellum (Ca(2+) bursts) concomitantly with a change in the swimming direction in an SAAF gradient field. During the initial phase of the Ca(2+) bursts, the flagellum of the spermatozoon exhibited highly asymmetric waveforms enabling the quick turning of the swimming path. However, the flagellum subsequently changed to symmetric beating, causing the spermatozoon to swim straight. Interestingly, during such responses, [Ca(2+)](i) remained higher than the basal level, indicating that the series of responses was not simply determined by Ca(2+) concentrations. Also, we found that Ca(2+) bursts were consistently evoked at points at which the spermatozoon attained around a temporally minimal value for a given SAAF concentration. We concluded that Ca(2+) bursts induced around a local minimal SAAF concentration trigger a sequence of flagellar responses comprising quick turning followed by straight swimming to direct spermatozoa efficiently toward eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kogiku Shiba
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan
| | - Shoji A. Baba
- Department of Advanced Biosciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; and
| | - Takafumi Inoue
- Department of Life Science and Bio-Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Manabu Yoshida
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan
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Yoshida M, Shiba K, Yoshida K, Tsuchikawa H, Ootou O, Oishi T, Murata M. Ascidian sperm activating and attracting factor: Importance of sulfate groups for the activities and implication of its putative receptor. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:3429-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Revised: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Preparation and characterization of side-chain liquid crystalline polymers containing chenodeoxycholic acid residue. Colloid Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-007-1765-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Shiba K, Márián T, Krasznai Z, Baba SA, Morisawa M, Yoshida M. Na+/Ca2+ exchanger modulates the flagellar wave pattern for the regulation of motility activation and chemotaxis in the ascidian spermatozoa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 63:623-32. [PMID: 16869011 DOI: 10.1002/cm.20149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels and ion exchangers are known to be important participants in various aspects of sperm physiology, e.g. motility activation, chemotaxis, the maintenance of motility and the acrosome reaction in the sperm. We report here on a role of the K+ -independent Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) on ascidian sperm. Reverse-transcriptase PCR reveals that the NCX is expressed in the testis while immunoblotting and immunolocalization demonstrate that the NCX exists on the sperm in the ascidian Ciona savignyi and C. intestinalis. A potent blocker of the NCX, KB-R7943 was found to block sperm-activating and -attracting factor (SAAF)-induced motility activation, sperm motility and sperm chemotaxis. We further analyzed the effects of this blocker on motility parameters such as the flagellar waveform, curvature, beat frequency, amplitude and wavelength of the sperm flagella. Inhibition of the NCX caused two distinct effects: a low concentration of KB-R7943 induced symmetric bending, whereas a high concentration of KB-R7943 resulted in asymmetric flagellar bending. These findings suggest that the NCX plays important roles in the regulation of SAAF-induced sperm chemotaxis, motility activation and motility maintenance in the ascidian. This study provides new information toward an understanding of Ca2+ transport systems in sperm motility and chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kogiku Shiba
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Kanagawa, Japan
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2004 for marine natural products, with 693 citations (491 for the period January to December 2004) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, coelenterates, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates and echinoderms. The emphasis is on new compounds (716 for 2004), together with their relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies (8), and syntheses (80), including those that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Morisawa M, Yoshida M. Activation of motility and chemotaxis in the spermatozoa: From invertebrates to humans. Reprod Med Biol 2005; 4:101-114. [PMID: 29699215 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0578.2005.00099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the sperm motility and chemotactic behavior of sperm toward eggs are the first communication between spermatozoa and eggs at fertilization, and understanding of the phenomena is a prerequisite for progress of not only basic biology, but also clinical aspects. The nature of molecules derived from eggs by which sperm are activated and attracted towards the eggs and the molecular mechanisms underlying the sperm activation and chemotaxis have been investigated in only a few invertebrate species, sea urchins, ascidians and herring fish. However, knowledge on this phenomena has been ignored in mammalian species including humans. The current review first introduces the studies on the activation and chemotaxis of sperm in marine invertebrates, and the same phenomena in mammals including humans, are described. (Reprod Med Biol 2005; 4: 101-115).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Morisawa
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Miura-shi, Japan
| | - Manabu Yoshida
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Miura-shi, Japan
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