1
|
Kępczyński J, Kępczyńska E. Plant-Derived Smoke and Karrikin 1 in Seed Priming and Seed Biotechnology. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2378. [PMID: 37376003 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived smoke and smoke water (SW) can stimulate seed germination in numerous plants from fire-prone and fire-free areas, including cultivated plants and agricultural weeds. Smoke contains thousands of compounds; only several stimulants and inhibitors have been isolated from smoke. Among the six karrikins present in smoke, karrikin 1 (KAR1) seems to be key for the stimulating effect of smoke. The discovery and activity of highly diluted SW and KAR1 at extremely low concentrations (even at ca. 10-9 M) inducing seed germination of a wide array of horticultural and agricultural plants have created tremendous opportunities for the use of these factors in pre-sowing seed treatment through smoke- or KAR1-priming. This review presents examples of effects exerted by the two types of priming on seed germination and seedling emergence, growth, and development, as well as on the content of some compounds and enzyme activity. Seed biotechnology may involve both SW and KAR1. Some examples demonstrate that SW and/or KAR1 increased the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis, somatic embryo germination and conversion to plantlets. It is also possible to stimulate in vitro seed germination by SW, which allows to use in orchid propagation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kępczyński
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Waska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Kępczyńska
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Waska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pošta M, Zima V, Poštová Slavětínská L, Matoušová M, Beier P. Synthesis of sulfur karrikin bioisosteres as potential neuroprotectives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:549-554. [PMID: 35651698 PMCID: PMC9127252 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The only known sulfur-containing karrikin, 3-methyl-2H-thiopyrano[3,4-b]furan-2-one, has been recently identified as an extremely efficient neuroprotective butenolide. Herein, we report the targeted synthesis of this compound as well as new synthetic protocols toward a class of compounds derived from 2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-ones (karrikins) via bioisosteric exchange of oxygen with sulfur. In particular, we present synthetic procedures toward bioisosteres of karrikins with one or two sulfur heteroatoms incorporated into the core backbone together with evaluation of their biological activity in inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pošta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Zima
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Poštová Slavětínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marika Matoušová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Beier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiao G, Su G, Slawin AMZ, Westwood N. From Biomass to the Karrikins
via
Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Hemicellulose‐Derived Butyl Xylosides and Glucosides. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganyuan Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Gerard Su
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Nicholas Westwood
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thorat SS, Kontham R. Strategies for the synthesis of furo-pyranones and their application in the total synthesis of related natural products. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01421d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The furo-pyranone framework is widely present in the molecular structure of various biologically potent natural products and un-natural small molecules, and it represents a valuable target in synthetic organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar S. Thorat
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Ravindar Kontham
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khatoon A, Rehman SU, Aslam MM, Jamil M, Komatsu S. Plant-Derived Smoke Affects Biochemical Mechanism on Plant Growth and Seed Germination. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7760. [PMID: 33092218 PMCID: PMC7588921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of plant-derived smoke, which is changed in mineral-nutrient status, in enhancing germination and post-germination was effectively established. The majority of plant species positively respond to plant-derived smoke in the enhancement of seed germination and plant growth. The stimulatory effect of plant-derived smoke on normally growing and stressed plants may help to reduce economic and human resources, which validates its candidature as a biostimulant. Plant-derived smoke potentially facilitates the early harvest and increases crop productivity. Karrikins and cyanohydrin are the active compound in plant-derived smoke. In this review, data from the latest research explaining the effect of plant-derived smoke on morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of plants are presented. The pathway for reception and interaction of compounds of plant-derived smoke at the cellular and molecular level of plant is described and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amana Khatoon
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan;
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Department of Biology, University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan;
| | | | - Muhammad Jamil
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan;
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Department of Environmental and Food Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kirita K, Hosokawa S. Synthesis of Karrikinolide Using the Aldol-Type Acetal Addition Reaction. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3936-3941. [PMID: 31975605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A short step total synthesis of karrikinolide has been achieved. Both α and α' positions of O-acylated acetol were alkylated by the boron-mediated aldol-type acetal addition reaction. The one-pot sequence including the Arbuzov reaction, intramolecular Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction, acidic hydrolysis of acetals, and pyran formation provided karrikinolide. This procedure was applicable to the gram-scale synthesis of karrikinolide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanade Kirita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Seijiro Hosokawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Soós V, Badics E, Incze N, Balázs E. Fire-Borne Life: A Brief Review of Smoke-Induced Germination. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19872925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring fires have been shaping landscapes long before mankind existed. Presumably, it is an early observation that in some habitats, fire is crucial to maintaining species diversity and for the rejuvenation of the vegetation, and so early settled farmers might have started to take advantage of the controlled burning of a desired area. The heat of fire is essential to break the dormancy of many fire ephemerals and for the seed release of some serotinous or woody taxa. Besides the physical effects caused by the heat on seeds, smoke and burnt organic material contain chemical cues that regulate the germination of seeds and the early development of seedlings. The scientific community really started to reveal the secrets of these enigmatic components from the early 1990s, although there are still a number of questions to be answered. In this review, we briefly introduce the path which leads to our current knowledge on smoke-derived compounds and their enormous effects on plant life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vilmos Soós
- Department Applied Genomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Eszter Badics
- Department Applied Genomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Norbert Incze
- Department Applied Genomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Ervin Balázs
- Department Applied Genomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Honorary Research Fellow at the Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Naidoo D, Pošta M, Roy A, Kulkarni M, Van Staden J. Synthesis of potent neuroprotective butenolides based on plant smoke derived 3,4,5-Trimethylfuran-2(5H)-one and 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyrone-2-one. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 163:187-194. [PMID: 31014820 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Smoke derived karrikinolide and trimethylbutenolide exerted neuroprotective effects against monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase. Synthesis of potent analogs was achieved. Sulphur substitution in the bicyclic ring structure of KAR1 displayed the most encouraging activity returning IC50 values of 13.75 ± 0.001 μM and 0.03 ± 0.02 μM for monoamine oxidase A and B and 0.08 ± 0.006 μM for acetylcholinesterase. Neuroprotective butenolides may be particularly useful in the treatment of depressive disorders, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devashan Naidoo
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - Martin Pošta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovonám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ayan Roy
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - Manoj Kulkarni
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bateman AM, Erickson TE, Merritt DJ, Muñoz-Rojas M. Inorganic soil amendments alter seedling performance of native plant species in post-mining arid zone rehabilitation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 241:179-186. [PMID: 30999267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rehabilitation of degraded drylands is challenged by environmental and anthropogenic constraints, such as limited availability of locally-sourced topsoil and poor quality alternative soil substrates. Current rehabilitation practices, at times, utilise inorganic soil amendments to improve the physicochemical and biological characteristics of reconstructed soil profiles. These approaches may be appropriate for dryland rehabilitation, but there is limited research available regarding the benefits of using these amendments. Here, we present a study in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, an arid landscape subject to intensive mining that currently uses inorganic soil amendments (gypsum and urea) in post-mining rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of these amendments to (1) promote seed germination, seedling emergence and seedling growth across five plant species and, (2) re-instate soil quality in mine waste substrates. A series of glasshouse experiments assessed eight application combinations of these amendments in two alternative substrates and compared these to unamended substrates and topsoil. Soil amendments had a limited influence on seed germination, were detrimental to seedling emergence and resulted in increased seedling mortality. Mortality in the waste ranged from 2 to 61% but increased to 7-92% in amended waste. Seedling growth improved with high doses of amendments in waste, with a 1.3-5.6-fold increase across all plant species. Soil quality was relatively unaffected by amendments with soil nitrogen ranging from 0.01 to 0.08%, organic carbon from 0.01 to 0.12% and soil microbial activity from 2.3 to 2.4 ppm-CO2 in the amended and unamended waste. The use of soil amendments in mine rehabilitation requires consideration of the trade-off between initial reductions in seedling recruitment and enhanced seedling development at later stages. Future rehabilitation should consider the timing of amendment application to avoid detrimental impacts on seedling recruitment and maximise the benefits to seedling growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Bateman
- The University of Western Australia, School of Biological Sciences, Crawley, 6009, WA, Australia; (b)Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kings Park, 6005, WA, Australia.
| | - Todd E Erickson
- The University of Western Australia, School of Biological Sciences, Crawley, 6009, WA, Australia; (b)Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kings Park, 6005, WA, Australia
| | - David J Merritt
- The University of Western Australia, School of Biological Sciences, Crawley, 6009, WA, Australia; (b)Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kings Park, 6005, WA, Australia
| | - Miriam Muñoz-Rojas
- The University of Western Australia, School of Biological Sciences, Crawley, 6009, WA, Australia; (b)Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kings Park, 6005, WA, Australia; The University of New South Wales, Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Randwick, 2052, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kildisheva OA, Erickson TE, Madsen MD, Dixon KW, Merritt DJ. Seed germination and dormancy traits of forbs and shrubs important for restoration of North American dryland ecosystems. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:458-469. [PMID: 30098068 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In degraded dryland systems, native plant community re-establishment following disturbance is almost exclusively carried out using seeds, but these efforts commonly fail. Much of this failure can be attributed to the limited understanding of seed dormancy and germination traits. We undertook a systematic classification of seed dormancy of 26 species of annual and perennial forbs and shrubs that represent key, dominant genera used in restoration of the Great Basin ecosystem in the western United States. We examined germination across a wide thermal profile to depict species-specific characteristics and assessed the potential of gibberellic acid (GA3 ) and karrikinolide (KAR1 ) to expand the thermal germination envelope of fresh seeds. Of the tested species, 81% produce seeds that are dormant at maturity. The largest proportion (62%) exhibited physiological (PD), followed by physical (PY, 8%), combinational (PY + PD, 8%) and morphophysiological (MPD, 4%) dormancy classes. The effects of chemical stimulants were temperature- and species-mediated. In general, mean germination across the thermal profile was improved by GA3 and KAR1 for 11 and five species, respectively. We detected a strong germination response to temperature in freshly collected seeds of 20 species. Temperatures below 10 °C limited the germination of all except Agoseris heterophylla, suggesting that in their dormant state, the majority of these species are thermally restricted. Our findings demonstrate the utility of dormancy classification as a foundation for understanding the critical regenerative traits in these ecologically important species and highlight its importance in restoration planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O A Kildisheva
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, USA
| | - T E Erickson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kings Park, WA, Australia
| | - M D Madsen
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - K W Dixon
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - D J Merritt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kings Park, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kulkarni MG, Rengasamy KRR, Pendota SC, Gruz J, Plačková L, Novák O, Doležal K, Van Staden J. Bioactive molecules derived from smoke and seaweed Ecklonia maxima showing phytohormone-like activity in Spinacia oleracea L. N Biotechnol 2019; 48:83-89. [PMID: 30098416 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds such as karrikinolide (KAR1 from smoke) and eckol (from the seaweed Ecklonia maxima) show promising effects on several important crop plants. These plant growth-stimulating organic biomolecules, along with crude extracts (smoke-water and Kelpak® product prepared from Ecklonia maxima), were tested on spinach plants. Eckol sprayed at 10-6 M significantly increased all the growth and biochemical parameters examined compared to control spinach plants. All tested plant growth biostimulants significantly increased total chlorophyll, carotenoids and protein content of spinach leaves. The cytokinin profile of spinach plants was also determined. Cis-zeatin, dihydrozeatin and isopentenyladenine types of cytokinins were promoted by both smoke- and seaweed-based biostimulants. In comparison to the control plants, the level of free sinapic acid was greater in all spinach plants treated with these biostimulants. The application of these biostimulants can help spinach crop by improving growth, yield and nutritional quality; moreover, they are organic and cost-effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj G Kulkarni
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Srinivasa C Pendota
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Jiří Gruz
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Plačková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lachia M, Fonné-Pfister R, Screpanti C, Rendine S, Renold P, Witmer D, Lumbroso A, Godineau E, Hueber D, De Mesmaeker A. New and Scalable Access to Karrikin (KAR1) and Evaluation of Its Potential Application on Corn Germination. Helv Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201800081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Lachia
- Crop Protection Research; Syngenta Crop Protection AG; Schaffhauserstrasse CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Raymonde Fonné-Pfister
- Crop Protection Research; Syngenta Crop Protection AG; Schaffhauserstrasse CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Claudio Screpanti
- Crop Protection Research; Syngenta Crop Protection AG; Schaffhauserstrasse CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Stefano Rendine
- Crop Protection Research; Syngenta Crop Protection AG; Schaffhauserstrasse CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Peter Renold
- Crop Protection Research; Syngenta Crop Protection AG; Schaffhauserstrasse CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - David Witmer
- Crop Protection Research; Syngenta Crop Protection AG; Schaffhauserstrasse CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Lumbroso
- Crop Protection Research; Syngenta Crop Protection AG; Schaffhauserstrasse CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Edouard Godineau
- Crop Protection Research; Syngenta Crop Protection AG; Schaffhauserstrasse CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Damien Hueber
- Crop Protection Research; Syngenta Crop Protection AG; Schaffhauserstrasse CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Alain De Mesmaeker
- Crop Protection Research; Syngenta Crop Protection AG; Schaffhauserstrasse CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kneller T, Harris RJ, Bateman A, Muñoz-Rojas M. Native-plant amendments and topsoil addition enhance soil function in post-mining arid grasslands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:744-752. [PMID: 29197793 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the most critical challenges faced in restoration of disturbed arid lands is the limited availability of topsoil. In post-mining restoration, alternative soil substrates such as mine waste could be an adequate growth media to alleviate the topsoil deficit, but these materials often lack appropriate soil characteristics to support the development and survival of seedlings. Thus, addition of exogenous organic matter may be essential to enhance plant survival and soil function. Here, we present a case study in the arid Pilbara region (north-west Western Australia), a resource-rich area subject to intensive mining activities. The main objective of our study was to assess the effects of different restoration techniques such as soil reconstruction by blending available soil materials, sowing different compositions of plant species, and addition of a locally abundant native soil organic amendment (Triodia pungens biomass) on: (i) seedling recruitment and growth of Triodia wiseana, a dominant grass in Australian arid ecosystems, and (ii) soil chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of reconstructed soils, including microbial activity, total organic C, total N, and C and N mineralisation. The study was conducted in a 12-month multifactorial microcosms setting in a controlled environment. Our results showed that the amendment increased C and N contents of re-made soils, but these values were still lower than those obtained in the topsoil. High microbial activity and C mineralisation rates were found in the amended waste that contrasted the low N mineralisation but this did not translate into improved emergence or survival of T. wiseana. These results suggest a short- or medium-term soil N immobilisation caused by negative priming effect of fresh un-composted amendment on microbial communities. We found similar growth and survival rates of T. wiseana in topsoil and a blend of topsoil and waste (50:50) which highlights the importance of topsoil, even in a reduced amount, for plant establishment in arid land restoration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tayla Kneller
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Kings Park 6005, WA, Australia; Curtin University, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Bentley 6102, WA, Australia
| | - Richard J Harris
- Curtin University, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Bentley 6102, WA, Australia
| | - Amber Bateman
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Kings Park 6005, WA, Australia; University of Western Australia, School of Biological Sciences, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia
| | - Miriam Muñoz-Rojas
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Kings Park 6005, WA, Australia; University of Western Australia, School of Biological Sciences, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia; University of New South Wales, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Randwick 2052, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Masondo NA, Kulkarni MG, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Influence of biostimulants-seed-priming on Ceratotheca triloba germination and seedling growth under low temperatures, low osmotic potential and salinity stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:43-48. [PMID: 28826029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Extreme temperatures, drought and salinity stress adversely affect seed germination and seedling growth in crop species. Seed priming has been recognized as an indispensable technique in the production of stress-tolerant plants. Seed priming increases seed water content, improves protein synthesis using mRNA and DNA and repair mitochondria in seeds prior to germination. The current study aimed to determine the role of biostimulants-seed-priming during germination and seedling growth of Ceratotheca triloba (Bernh.) Hook.f. (an indigenous African leafy vegetable) under low temperature, low osmotic potential and salinity stress conditions. Ceratotheca triloba seeds were primed with biostimulants [smoke-water (SW), synthesized smoke-compound karrikinolide (KAR1), Kelpak® (commercial seaweed extract), phloroglucinol (PG) and distilled water (control)] for 48h at 25°C. Thereafter, primed seeds were germinated at low temperatures, low osmotic potential and high NaCl concentrations. Low temperature (10°C) completely inhibited seed germination. However, temperature shift to 15°C improved germination. Smoke-water and KAR1 enhanced seed germination with SW improving seedling growth under different stress conditions. Furthermore, priming seeds with Kelpak® stimulated percentage germination, while PG and the control treatment improved seedling growth at different PEG and NaCl concentrations. Generally, high concentrations of PEG and NaCl brought about detrimental effects on seed germination and seedling growth. Findings from this study show the potential role of seed priming with biostimulants in the alleviation of abiotic stress conditions during seed germination and seedling growth in C. triloba plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nqobile A Masondo
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Manoj G Kulkarni
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Jeffrey F Finnie
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Piggott M. Obituary: Emilio Luciano Ghisalberti (forward to special memorial issue). Fitoterapia 2017; 126:S0367-326X(17)31867-1. [PMID: 29277638 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Piggott
- University of Western Australia, Chemistry, School of Molecular Sciences, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chia KA, Sadler R, Turner SR, Baskin CC. Identification of the seasonal conditions required for dormancy break of Persoonia longifolia (Proteaceae), a species with a woody indehiscent endocarp. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 118:331-46. [PMID: 27296132 PMCID: PMC4970364 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The mechanisms involved in breaking seed dormancy in species with woody endocarps are poorly understood. In a landmark study examining the role of endocarps in regulating germination, our aim was to investigate the effects of the natural sequence of environmental conditions on dormancy break of a species with a woody endocarp (Persoonia longifolia). METHODS The role of the endocarp in germination was investigated through imbibition and endocarp removal germination tests. The use of burial to break dormancy was examined and results from these experiments were used to guide laboratory investigations into the use of wet/dry cycling and stratification to break dormancy. KEY RESULTS Endocarps were water-permeable. Germination increased from 0 to 92·5 % when endocarps were removed. During burial in the field and nursery, 41·6 and 63·7 % of the endocarps germinated, respectively, after 36 months. Ex situ post-burial germination was cyclical and highest after 30 months of burial (45·4 % nursery and 31·8 % field). Highest germination occurred in wet/dry trials when the dry summer was long (20 weeks), had fluctuating temperatures (30/50 °C) and two long (7 d) wet cycles and was followed by moist winters at 10/20 °C. A stratification trial found that highest germination occurred following incubation for 12 weeks at 30 °C (including 2 weeks moist) + 6 weeks moist at 8 °C then placement at 20/10 °C for germination. CONCLUSIONS Summer conditions break physiological dormancy of the embryo and promote opening of the endocarp, allowing seeds to germinate during winter conditions. By closely monitoring the environment that endocarps are exposed to in nature, dormancy breaking mechanisms can be identified and used to improve germination. These results outline for the first time how dormancy and germination are regulated in a species with a hard woody endocarp, insights which will significantly improve our understanding of other species with similar reproductive features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Chia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - R Sadler
- Bush Futures, 4 James Street, Guildford, WA 6055, Australia School of Agricultural and Resource Economics, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - S R Turner
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - C C Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Guzzomi AL, Erickson TE, Ling KY, Dixon KW, Merritt DJ. Flash flaming effectively removes appendages and improves the seed coating potential of grass florets. Restor Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L. Guzzomi
- School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering; The University of Western Australia; Crawley WA 6009 Australia
| | - Todd E. Erickson
- School of Plant Biology; The University of Western Australia; Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden; Kings Park WA 6005 Australia
| | - King Y. Ling
- School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering; The University of Western Australia; Crawley WA 6009 Australia
| | - Kingsley W. Dixon
- Department of Environment and Agriculture; Curtin University; Kent Street Bentley WA 6102 Australia
| | - David J. Merritt
- School of Plant Biology; The University of Western Australia; Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden; Kings Park WA 6005 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Erickson TE, Shackelford N, Dixon KW, Turner SR, Merritt DJ. Overcoming physiological dormancy in seeds ofTriodia(Poaceae) to improve restoration in the arid zone. Restor Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Todd E. Erickson
- School of Plant Biology; University of Western Australia; Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden; Kings Park WA 6005 Australia
| | - Nancy Shackelford
- School of Environmental Studies; University of Victoria; Victoria BC V8W 2Y2 Canada
| | - Kingsley W. Dixon
- School of Plant Biology; University of Western Australia; Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden; Kings Park WA 6005 Australia
| | - Shane R. Turner
- School of Plant Biology; University of Western Australia; Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden; Kings Park WA 6005 Australia
| | - David J. Merritt
- School of Plant Biology; University of Western Australia; Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden; Kings Park WA 6005 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen C, Wu QY, Shan LY, Zhang B, Verpoort F, Yang GF. Discovery of cytochrome bc1 complex inhibitors inspired by the natural product karrikinolide. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19424a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel and potent inhibitors targeting the cytochrome bc1 complex were discovered from the natural product karrikinolide for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- P. R. China
| | - Qiong-You Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Lian-Ying Shan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Francis Verpoort
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- P. R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kumari A, Papenfus HB, Kulkarni MG, Pošta M, Van Staden J. Effect of smoke derivatives on in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube elongation of species from different plant families. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2015; 17:825-830. [PMID: 25545791 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived smoke stimulates seed germination in numerous plant species. Smoke also has a positive stimulatory effect on pollen germination and pollen tube growth. The range of plant families affected my smoke still needs to be established since the initial study was restricted to only three species from the Amaryllidaceae. The effects of smoke-water (SW) and the smoke-derived compounds, karrikinolide (KAR1 ) and trimethylbutenolide (TMB) on pollen growth characteristics were evaluated in seven different plant families. Smoke-water (1:1000 and 1:2000 v:v) combined with either Brewbaker and Kwack's (BWK) medium or sucrose and boric acid (SB) medium significantly improved pollen germination and pollen tube growth in Aloe maculata All., Kniphofia uvaria Oken, Lachenalia aloides (L.f.) Engl. var. aloides and Tulbaghia simmleri P. Beauv. Karrikinolide (10(-6) and 10(-7) m) treatment significantly improved pollen tube growth in A. maculata, K. uvaria, L. aloides and Nematanthus crassifolius (Schott) Wiehle compared to the controls. BWK or SB medium containing TMB (10(-3) m) produced significantly longer pollen tubes in A. maculata, K. uvaria and N. crassifolius. These results indicate that plant-derived smoke and the smoke-isolated compounds may stimulate pollen growth in a wide range of plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kumari
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - H B Papenfus
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - M G Kulkarni
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - M Pošta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
AbstractPlant-derived smoke water (SW), derived from combusted plant material, has been shown to stimulate seed germination and improve seedling vigor of a number of plant species from fire-dependent Mediterranean-type climate areas. The effects of SW on seed germination of 13 plant species from southern tropical and subtropical monsoon climate regions of South China are reported for the first time in this study using laboratory and pot trials. Among the 13 species tested, only Aristolochia debilis showed a significant positive response to commercial SW when diluted 1:10. Seed germination of A. debilis was also stimulated by 1–100 nM 3-methyl-2H-furo [2, 3-c] pyran-2-one (karrikin 1 or KAR1) and by 10–1000 µM gibberellic acid (GA3). GA3 stimulated seed germination of Santalum album and significantly elongated the radicles of A. debilis while SW could not. The functions and/or metabolic pathways of Kar1 and GA3 are likely to be separate and/or distinct.
Collapse
|
22
|
Pošta M, Light ME, Papenfus HB, Van Staden J, Kohout L. Structure-activity relationships of analogs of 3,4,5-trimethylfuran-2(5H)-one with germination inhibitory activities. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:1235-42. [PMID: 23648109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Smoke-derived butenolide compounds have, in recent years, been shown to be important germination signaling molecules, which also affect seedling growth. The butenolide 3,4,5-trimethylfuran-2(5H)-one was previously isolated from plant-derived smoke and was found to significantly reduce the effect on germination by the highly active promotor karrikinolide (KAR1, 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one), another smoke-derived compound. In this study, 11 analogs of 3,4,5-trimethylfuran-2(5H)-one were synthesized and their effect on the germination of light-sensitive 'Grand Rapids' lettuce seeds (Lactua sativa cv. 'Grand Rapids') were evaluated. A concentration series (1mM-1μM) of the analogs were tested alone, or in combination with 0.01μM KAR1. Only two compounds were found to reduce the germination promotory effect of 0.01μM KAR1 in a similar manner as observed with 3,4,5-trimethylfuran-2(5H)-one, with activity ranging from 1mM to 10μM. Four compounds were found to have inhibitory activity at 1mM and 100μM. The retention of activity by some of the analogs may be useful for designing novel compounds with improved activity. Furthermore, understanding the structure-activity relationships of these compounds may be helpful in synthesizing molecular probes that can be used to further investigate the mechanism of action of these compounds in regulating seed germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pošta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Downes KS, Light ME, Pošta M, Kohout L, van Staden J. Comparison of germination responses of Anigozanthos flavidus (Haemodoraceae), Gyrostemon racemiger and Gyrostemon ramulosus (Gyrostemonaceae) to smoke-water and the smoke-derived compounds karrikinolide (KAR1) and glyceronitrile. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 111:489-97. [PMID: 23299994 PMCID: PMC3579451 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A major germination-promoting chemical in smoke-water is 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (karrikinolide, KAR(1)). However, not all species that germinate in response to smoke-water are responsive to KAR(1), such as Tersonia cyathiflora (Gyrostemonaceae). In this study, a test was made of whether two Gyrostemon species (Gyrostemonaceae) that have previously been shown to respond to smoke-water, respond to KAR(1). If not, then the smoke-derived chemical that stimulates germination of these species is currently unknown. Recently, glyceronitrile was isolated from smoke-water and promoted the germination of certain Anigozanthos species (Haemodoraceae). Whether this chemical promotes Gyrostemon racemiger germination is also examined. Furthermore, an investigation was carried out into whether these species germinate in response to smoke-water derived from burning cellulose alone. METHODS Gyrostemon racemiger and G. ramulosus seeds were buried after collection and retrieved in autumn the following year when dormancy was alleviated and seeds had become responsive to smoke-water. Anigozanthos flavidus seeds were after-ripened at 35 °C to alleviate dormancy. Gyrostemon and Anigozanthos seeds were then tested with 'Seed Starter' smoke-water, KAR(1), glyceronitrile and cellulose-derived smoke-water. KEY RESULTS Although Gyrostemon racemiger, G. ramulosus and A. flavidus were all stimulated to germinate by 'Seed Starter' smoke-water, none of these species responded to KAR(1). Gyrostemon racemiger germination was not promoted by glyceronitrile. This is in contrast to A. flavidus, where glyceronitrile, at concentrations of 1-500 µm, promoted germination, although seedling growth was inhibited at ≥400 µm. Maximum A. flavidus germination occurred at glyceronitrile concentrations of 25-300 µm. Some Gyrostemon germination was promoted by cellulose-derived smoke-water. CONCLUSIONS KAR(1) and glyceronitrile, chemicals in smoke-water that are known to stimulate germination in other species, did not promote the germination of G. racemiger. This suggests that other chemical(s) which promote germination are present in smoke, and may be derived from burning cellulose alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Downes
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shindo M, Matsumoto K. Synthesis of Xanthanolides Including New Acylations and Their Synthetic Applications. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2013. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.71.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
25
|
Flematti GR, Waters MT, Scaffidi A, Merritt DJ, Ghisalberti EL, Dixon KW, Smith SM. Karrikin and cyanohydrin smoke signals provide clues to new endogenous plant signaling compounds. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013. [PMID: 23180672 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sss132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Two new types of signaling compounds have been discovered in wildfire smoke due to their ability to stimulate seed germination. The first discovered were karrikins, which share some structural similarity with the strigolactone class of plant hormones, and both signal through a common F-box protein. However, karrikins and strigolactones operate through otherwise distinct signaling pathways, each distinguished by a specific α/β hydrolase protein. Genetic analysis suggests that plants contain endogenous compounds that signal specifically through the karrikin pathway. The other active compounds discovered in smoke are cyanohydrins that release germination-stimulating cyanide upon hydrolysis. Cyanohydrins occur widely in plants and have a role in defense against other organisms, but an additional role in endogenous cyanide signaling should also now be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R Flematti
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Soós V, Sebestyén E, Posta M, Kohout L, Light ME, Van Staden J, Balázs E. Molecular aspects of the antagonistic interaction of smoke-derived butenolides on the germination process of Grand Rapids lettuce (Lactuca sativa) achenes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 196:1060-1073. [PMID: 23046112 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04358.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Smoke-derived compounds provide a strong chemical signal to seeds in the soil seed bank, allowing them to take advantage of the germination niche created by the occurrence of fire. The germination stimulatory activity of smoke can largely be attributed to karrikinolide (KAR(1) ), while a related compound, trimethylbutenolide (TMB), has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on germination. The aim of this study was to characterize the interaction of these potent fire-generated compounds. Dose-response analysis, leaching tests and a detailed transcriptome study were performed using highly KAR(1) -sensitive lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv 'Grand Rapids') achenes. Dose-response analysis demonstrated that the compounds are not competitors and TMB modulates germination in a concentration-dependent manner. The transcriptome analysis revealed a contrasting expression pattern induced by the compounds. KAR(1) suppressed, while TMB up-regulated ABA, seed maturation and dormancy-related transcripts. The effect of TMB was reversed by leaching the compound, while the KAR(1) effect was only reversible by leaching within the first 2 h of KAR(1) treatment. Our findings suggest that the compounds may act in concert for germination-related signaling. After the occurrence of fire, sufficient rainfall would contribute to post-germination seedling recruitment by reducing the concentration of the inhibitory compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vilmos Soós
- Department of Applied Genomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Endre Sebestyén
- Department of Applied Genomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Martin Posta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Kohout
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marnie E Light
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Ervin Balázs
- Department of Applied Genomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gorecki MJ, Long RL, Flematti GR, Stevens JC. Parental environment changes the dormancy state and karrikinolide response of Brassica tournefortii seeds. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 109:1369-78. [PMID: 22492259 PMCID: PMC3359922 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The smoke-derived chemical karrikinolide (KAR(1)) shows potential as a tool to synchronize the germination of seeds for weed management and restoration. To assess its feasibility we need to understand why seeds from different populations of a species exhibit distinct responses to KAR(1). Environmental conditions during seed development, known as the parental environment, influence seed dormancy so we predicted that parental environment would also drive the KAR(1)-responses of seeds. Specifically, we hypothesized that (a) a common environment will unify the KAR(1)-responses of different populations, (b) a single population grown under different environmental conditions will exhibit different KAR(1)-responses, and (c) drought stress, as a particular feature of the parental environment, will make seeds less dormant and more responsive to KAR(1). METHODS Seeds of the weed Brassica tournefortii were collected from four locations in Western Australia and were sown in common gardens at two field sites, to test whether their KAR(1)-responses could be unified by a common environment. To test the effects of drought on KAR(1)-response, plants were grown in a glasshouse and subjected to water stress. For each trial, the germination responses of the next generation of seeds were assessed. KEY RESULTS The KAR(1)-responses of seeds differed among populations, but this variation was reduced when seeds developed in a common environment. The KAR(1)-responses of each population changed when seeds developed in different environments. Different parental environments affected germination responses of the populations differently, showing that parental environment interacts with genetics to determine KAR(1)-responses. Seeds from droughted plants were 5 % more responsive to KAR(1) and 5 % less dormant than seeds from well-watered plants, but KAR(1)-responses and dormancy state were not intrinsically linked in all experiments. CONCLUSIONS The parental environment in which seeds develop is one of the key drivers of the KAR(1)-responses of seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Gorecki
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Fraser Avenue, West Perth WA 6005, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - R. L. Long
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Fraser Avenue, West Perth WA 6005, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - G. R. Flematti
- School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - J. C. Stevens
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Fraser Avenue, West Perth WA 6005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hidayati SN, Walck JL, Merritt DJ, Turner SR, Turner DW, Dixon KW. Sympatric species of Hibbertia (Dilleniaceae) vary in dormancy break and germination requirements: implications for classifying morphophysiological dormancy in Mediterranean biomes. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 109:1111-23. [PMID: 22362661 PMCID: PMC3336950 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several ecologically important plant families in Mediterranean biomes have seeds with morphophysiological dormancy (MPD) but have been poorly studied. The aim of this study was to understand the seed ecology of these species by focusing on the prominent, yet intractably dormant Australian genus Hibbertia. It was hypothesized that the slow germination in species of this genus is caused by a requirement for embryo growth inside the seed before germination, and that initiation of embryo growth is reliant upon a complex sequence of environmental cues including seasonal fluctuations in temperature and moisture, and an interplay with light and smoke. Using the results, the classification of the MPD level in species of Hibbertia is considered. METHODS Four species of Hibbertia in winter rainfall south-western Australia were selected. These species, whilst differing in geographic distributions, are variously sympatric, and all are important understorey components of plant communities. The following aspects related to dormancy break, embryo growth and germination were investigated: temperature and moisture requirements; effects of karrikinolide, gibberellic acid and aerosol smoke; and phenology. KEY RESULTS Following exposure to wet/dry cycles at low or high temperatures, embryo growth and germination occurred, albeit slowly in all species at low temperatures when moisture was unlimited, corresponding to winter in south-west Australia. Photo regime influenced germination only in H. racemosa. Aerosol smoke triggered substantial germination during the 1st germination season in H. huegelii and H. hypericoides. CONCLUSIONS Although the study species are con-generic, sympatric and produce seeds of identical morphology, they possessed different dormancy-break and germination requirements. The physiological component of MPD was non-deep in H. racemosa but varied in the other three species where more deeply dormant seeds required >1 summer to overcome dormancy and, thus, germination was spread over time. Embryos grew during winter, but future studies need to resolve the role of cold versus warm stratification by using constant temperature regimes. To include Mediterranean species with MPD, some modifications to the current seed-dormancy classification system may need consideration: (a) wet/dry conditions for warm stratification and (b) a relatively long period for warm stratification. These outcomes have important implications for improving experimental approaches to resolve the effective use of broadcast seed for ecological restoration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siti N Hidayati
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Fraser Avenue, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hopf H, Sherburn MS. Dendralene auf dem Vormarsch: kreuzkonjugierte Oligoene ermöglichen den schnellen Aufbau molekularer Komplexität. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201102987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
30
|
Hopf H, Sherburn MS. Dendralenes Branch Out: Cross-Conjugated Oligoenes Allow the Rapid Generation of Molecular Complexity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:2298-338. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
31
|
Nelson DC, Flematti GR, Ghisalberti EL, Dixon KW, Smith SM. Regulation of seed germination and seedling growth by chemical signals from burning vegetation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 63:107-30. [PMID: 22404467 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042811-105545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that burning of vegetation stimulates new plant growth and landscape regeneration. The discovery that char and smoke from such fires promote seed germination in many species indicates the presence of chemical stimulants. Nitrogen oxides stimulate seed germination, but their importance in post-fire germination has been questioned. Cyanohydrins have been recently identified in aqueous smoke solutions and shown to stimulate germination of some species through the slow release of cyanide. However, the most information is available for karrikins, a family of butenolides related to 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one. Karrikins stimulate seed germination and influence seedling growth. They are active in species not normally associated with fire, and in Arabidopsis they require the F-box protein MAX2, which also controls responses to strigolactone hormones. We hypothesize that chemical similarity between karrikins and strigolactones provided the opportunity for plants to employ a common signal transduction pathway to respond to both types of compound, while tailoring specific developmental responses to these distinct environmental signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Nelson
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fukui K, Ito S, Ueno K, Yamaguchi S, Kyozuka J, Asami T. New branching inhibitors and their potential as strigolactone mimics in rice. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4905-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
33
|
Flematti GR, Merritt DJ, Piggott MJ, Trengove RD, Smith SM, Dixon KW, Ghisalberti EL. Burning vegetation produces cyanohydrins that liberate cyanide and stimulate seed germination. Nat Commun 2011; 2:360. [PMID: 21694708 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanide is well known for its toxicity towards living organisms. Many plants use cyanide as a defensive agent against herbivores, releasing it through the enzymatic hydrolysis of endogenous cyanogenic compounds. At low concentrations, cyanide has been proposed to have a regulatory role in many plant processes including stimulation of seed germination. However, no ecological role for cyanide in seed germination has been established. In the present study, we show that burning plant material produces the cyanohydrin, glyceronitrile. We also show that, in the presence of water, glyceronitrile is slowly hydrolysed to release cyanide that stimulates seed germination of a diverse range of fire-responsive species from different continents. We propose that glyceronitrile serves as an ecological store for cyanide and is an important cue for stimulating seed germination and landscape regeneration after fires.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R Flematti
- School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zuloaga-Aguilar S, Briones O, Orozco-Segovia A. Seed germination of montane forest species in response to ash, smoke and heat shock in Mexico. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
35
|
Flematti GR, Scaffidi A, Dixon KW, Smith SM, Ghisalberti EL. Production of the seed germination stimulant karrikinolide from combustion of simple carbohydrates. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:1195-1198. [PMID: 21280622 DOI: 10.1021/jf1041728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The naturally occurring seed germination stimulant karrikinolide is formed from the combustion of plant material including cellulose. It has previously been reported that combustion of simple carbohydrates such as d-glucose does not produce extracts containing karrikinolide. Moreover, it was reported that extracts with germination-promoting ability could be obtained only by combustion of simple carbohydrates in the presence of amino acids such as l-glycine. By employing a (13)C-labeled karrikinolide to physically quantify natural karrikinolide, we now show that it is produced from combustion of simple carbohydrates in similar amounts regardless of whether l-glycine is present or not. The addition of l-glycine appears to be beneficial in reducing the inhibitory effect of smoke extracts and provides a greater concentration range for effective germination-promoting activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R Flematti
- School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia , Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Scaffidi A, Flematti GR, Nelson DC, Dixon KW, Smith SM, Ghisalberti EL. The synthesis and biological evaluation of labelled karrikinolides for the elucidation of the mode of action of the seed germination stimulant. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
38
|
Soós V, Sebestyén E, Juhász A, Light ME, Kohout L, Szalai G, Tandori J, Van Staden J, Balázs E. Transcriptome analysis of germinating maize kernels exposed to smoke-water and the active compound KAR1. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 10:236. [PMID: 21044315 PMCID: PMC3095319 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoke released from burning vegetation functions as an important environmental signal promoting the germination of many plant species following a fire. It not only promotes the germination of species from fire-prone habitats, but several species from non-fire-prone areas also respond, including some crops. The germination stimulatory activity can largely be attributed to the presence of a highly active butenolide compound, 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (referred to as karrikin 1 or KAR1), that has previously been isolated from plant-derived smoke. Several hypotheses have arisen regarding the molecular background of smoke and KAR1 action. RESULTS In this paper we demonstrate that although smoke-water and KAR1 treatment of maize kernels result in a similar physiological response, the gene expression and the protein ubiquitination patterns are quite different. Treatment with smoke-water enhanced the ubiquitination of proteins and activated protein-degradation-related genes. This effect was completely absent from KAR1-treated kernels, in which a specific aquaporin gene was distinctly upregulated. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the array of bioactive compounds present in smoke-water form an environmental signal that may act together in germination stimulation. It is highly possible that the smoke/KAR1 'signal' is perceived by a receptor that is shared with the signal transduction system implied in perceiving environmental cues (especially stresses and light), or some kind of specialized receptor exists in fire-prone plant species which diverged from a more general one present in a common ancestor, and also found in non fire-prone plants allowing for a somewhat weaker but still significant response. Besides their obvious use in agricultural practices, smoke and KAR1 can be used in studies to gain further insight into the transcriptional changes during germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vilmos Soós
- Department of Applied Genomics, Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-2462 Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
| | - Endre Sebestyén
- Department of Applied Genomics, Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-2462 Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
| | - Angéla Juhász
- Department of Applied Genomics, Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-2462 Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
| | - Marnie E Light
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Ladislav Kohout
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriella Szalai
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-2462 Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
| | - Júlia Tandori
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-2462 Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Ervin Balázs
- Department of Applied Genomics, Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-2462 Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Flematti GR, Scaffidi A, Goddard-Borger ED, Heath CH, Nelson DC, Commander LE, Stick RV, Dixon KW, Smith SM, Ghisalberti EL. Structure-activity relationship of karrikin germination stimulants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:8612-7. [PMID: 20617827 DOI: 10.1021/jf101690a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Karrikins (2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-ones) are potent smoke-derived germination promoters for a diverse range of plant species but, to date, their mode of action remains unknown. This paper reports the structure-activity relationship of numerous karrikin analogues to increase understanding of the key structural features of the molecule that are required for biological activity. The results demonstrate that modification at the C5 position is preferred over modification at the C3, C4, or C7 positions for retaining the highest bioactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R Flematti
- School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Surmont R, Verniest G, De Kimpe N. Short Synthesis of the Seed Germination Inhibitor 3,4,5-Trimethyl-2(5H)-furanone. J Org Chem 2010; 75:5750-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1010476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Surmont
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Guido Verniest
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Norbert De Kimpe
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tuckett RE, Merritt DJ, Rudall PJ, Hay F, Hopper SD, Baskin CC, Baskin JM, Tratt J, Dixon KW. A new type of specialized morphophysiological dormancy and seed storage behaviour in Hydatellaceae, an early-divergent angiosperm family. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2010; 105:1053-61. [PMID: 20338953 PMCID: PMC2876005 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent phylogenetic analysis has placed the aquatic family Hydatellaceae as an early-divergent angiosperm. Understanding seed dormancy, germination and desiccation tolerance of Hydatellaceae will facilitate ex situ conservation and advance hypotheses regarding angiosperm evolution. METHODS Seed germination experiments were completed on three species of south-west Australian Hydatellaceae, Trithuria austinensis, T. bibracteata and T. submersa, to test the effects of temperature, light, germination stimulant and storage. Seeds were sectioned to examine embryo growth during germination in T. austinensis and T. submersa. KEY RESULTS Some embryo growth and cell division in T. austinensis and T. submersa occurred prior to the emergence of an undifferentiated embryo from the seed coat ('germination'). Embryo differentiation occurred later, following further growth and a 3- to 4-fold increase in the number of cells. The time taken to achieve 50 % of maximum germination for seeds on water agar was 50, 35 and 37 d for T. austinensis, T bibracteata and T. submersa, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Seeds of Hydatellaceae have a new kind of specialized morphophysiological dormancy in which neither root nor shoot differentiates until after the embryo emerges from the seed coat. Seed biology is discussed in relation to early angiosperm evolution, together with ex situ conservation of this phylogenetically significant group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renee E. Tuckett
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, 6005, Western Australia
| | - David J. Merritt
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, 6005, Western Australia
| | - Paula J. Rudall
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Fiona Hay
- Seed Conservation Department, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN, UK
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Stephen D. Hopper
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Carol C. Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA.
| | - Jerry M. Baskin
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA.
| | - Julia Tratt
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Kingsley W. Dixon
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, 6005, Western Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Long RL, Williams K, Griffiths EM, Flematti GR, Merritt DJ, Stevens JC, Turner SR, Powles SB, Dixon KW. Prior hydration of Brassica tournefortii seeds reduces the stimulatory effect of karrikinolide on germination and increases seed sensitivity to abscisic acid. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2010; 105:1063-70. [PMID: 20348089 PMCID: PMC2876004 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The smoke-derived compound karrikinolide (KAR(1)) shows significant potential as a trigger for the synchronous germination of seeds in a variety of plant-management contexts, from weed seeds in paddocks, to native seeds when restoring degraded lands. Understanding how KAR(1) interacts with seed physiology is a necessary precursor to the development of the compound as an efficient and effective management tool. This study tested the ability of KAR(1) to stimulate germination of seeds of the global agronomic weed Brassica tournefortii, at different hydration states, to gain insight into how the timing of KAR(1) applications in the field should be managed relative to rain events. METHODS Seeds of B. tournefortii were brought to five different hydration states [equilibrated at 15 % relative humidity (RH), 47 % RH, 96 % RH, fully imbibed, or re-dried to 15 % RH following maximum imbibition] then exposed to 1 nm or 1 microm KAR(1) for one of five durations (3 min, 1 h, 24 h, 14 d or no exposure). KEY RESULTS Dry seeds with no history of imbibition were the most sensitive to KAR(1); sensitivity was lower in seeds that were fully imbibed or fully imbibed then re-dried. In addition, reduced sensitivity to KAR(1) was associated with an increased sensitivity to exogenously applied abscisic acid (ABA). CONCLUSIONS Seed water content and history of imbibition were found to significantly influence whether seeds germinate in response to KAR(1). To optimize the germination response of seeds, KAR(1) should be applied to dry seeds, when sensitivity to ABA is minimized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rowena L Long
- Western Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Light ME, Burger BV, Staerk D, Kohout L, Van Staden J. Butenolides from plant-derived smoke: natural plant-growth regulators with antagonistic actions on seed germination. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:267-269. [PMID: 20078110 DOI: 10.1021/np900630w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Smoke plays an intriguing role in promoting the germination of seeds of many species following a fire. Recently, a bicyclic compound containing a condensed butenolide moiety, 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (1), was reported as a potent germination promoter from plant-derived smoke. In this study, a related butenolide, 3,4,5-trimethylfuran-2(5H)-one (2), which inhibits germination and significantly reduces the effect of 1 when applied simultaneously, was also isolated from plant-derived smoke. The interaction of these compounds with opposing actions on seed germination may have important ecological implications in a post-fire environment and could be useful molecules for understanding the events involved in breaking seed dormancy and promoting seed germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marnie E Light
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Nagase R, Katayama M, Mura H, Matsuo N, Tanabe Y. Synthesis of the seed germination stimulant 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-ones utilizing direct and regioselective Ti-crossed aldol addition. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
45
|
Sun K, Chen Y, Wagerle T, Linnstaedt D, Currie M, Chmura P, Song Y, Xu M. Synthesis of butenolides as seed germination stimulants. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
46
|
Goddard-Borger ED, Ghisalberti EL, Stick RV. Synthesis of the Germination Stimulant 3-Methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one and Analogous Compounds from Carbohydrates. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|