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Ji K, Park K, Kim D, Kim E, Kil T, Kim M. Accomplishment of canine cloning through in vitro matured oocytes: a pioneering milestone. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:577-586. [PMID: 38975582 PMCID: PMC11222123 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2024.e18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The in vitro maturation (IVM) rate of canine oocytes remains low compared to other mammals due to their unique reproductive characteristics. This study aimed to explore the effect of hormone supplementation during the IVM of canine immature oocytes on nuclear maturation and subsequently assess its potential application in canine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Immature oocytes were collected and cultured in an IVM medium supplemented with hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH] and progesterone [P4]) or without hormones (control) for 24 hours. The maturation rates of oocytes in the hormone-treated group (94.92 ± 3.15%) were significantly higher than those in the control group (61.01 ± 4.23%). Both in vitro and in vivo matured oocytes underwent NT to evaluate their utility, and the fusion rates were higher in the in vitro matured group than those in the vivo matured group, not significant between in vivo and in vitro matured group (73.28% and 82.35%, respectively). As a result, 14 fused embryos from the in vitro matured group were transferred into two surrogates, with one surrogate achieving a successful pregnancy and delivering four puppies. Whereas in the in vivo matured group, 85 fused embryos were transferred to 8 surrogate mothers, leading to three surrogates becoming pregnant and delivering one, four, and two puppies. The pregnancy rates were not significant between both groups (50% and 37.50%), but the number of offspring exhibited a significant difference (28.57% and 8.23%). In conclusion, we achieved a remarkable milestone by successfully producing cloned puppies using in vitro matured oocytes, underscoring the feasibility of canine cloning from in vitro recovered oocytes. It is important to note that this study focused only on immature oocytes after ovulation and only during the estrus stage. Further research targeting other stages of the estrous cycle could potentially enhance canine cloning efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kukbin Ji
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | | | - Dongern Kim
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | | | - Taeyoung Kil
- Department of Social Welfare, Joongbu University, Geumsan 32713, Korea
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- MK Biotech Co., LTD., Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Cortez JV, Hardwicke K, Grupen CG, Herrid M, Machaty Z, Vajta G. Cloned Foal Born from Postmortem-Obtained Ear Sample Refrigerated for 5 Days Before Fibroblast Isolation and Decontamination of the Infected Monolayer Culture. Cell Reprogram 2024; 26:33-36. [PMID: 38261417 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2023.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A 6-year-old mare, a valuable polo horse, died of complications following postcolic surgery. To preserve its genetics, ear skin samples were collected immediately after death and stored in an equine embryo transfer medium at 4°C for 5 days. After trypsin digestion, monolayer fibroblast cultures were established, but signs of massive bacterial infection were found in all of them. As an ultimate attempt for rescue, rigorously and repeatedly washed cells were individually cultured in all wells of four 96-well dishes. New monolayers were established from the few wells without contamination and used for somatic cell nuclear transfer. Four of the six Day 7 blastocysts derived from 14 reconstructed zygotes were transferred in four naturally cycling mares on Day 5 after ovulation. The embryo transfers resulted in 2 pregnancies, one from a fresh and one from a vitrified blastocyst. The vitrified embryo transfer resulted in a healthy offspring, now 21 months old, genetically and phenotypically identical to the somatic cell donor animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenin V Cortez
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, Australia
- Catalina Equine Reproduction Centre, North Richmond, Australia
| | - Kylie Hardwicke
- Catalina Equine Reproduction Centre, North Richmond, Australia
| | - Christopher G Grupen
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, Australia
| | - Muren Herrid
- International Livestock Research Centre, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Zoltan Machaty
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Gábor Vajta
- RVT Australia, Cairns, Australia
- VitaVitro Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
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Mattos LM, Reis FC, Racanicci AMC, Pivato I, Tonelli GSSS, Báo SN, Martins CF. Freezing for the Future: Obtaining Fibroblast Samples from Deceased Wild Mammals for the Brazilian Cerrado Germplasm Bank. Biopreserv Biobank 2023; 21:504-509. [PMID: 35904947 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2022.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We isolated and further characterized fibroblasts obtained from postmortem skin biopsies of three different Brazilian wild species (Chrysocyon brachyurus-maned wolf, Cerdocyon thous-crab-eating fox, Mazama gouazoubira-brown brocket deer). The effects of two cryoprotectants, 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 5% dimethylformamide (DMF), were assessed to determine the most efficient cryopreservation protocol. Such an investigation promotes the creation of germplasm banks, using samples that would otherwise be rejected and permanently lost following the death of the animals. We utilized animal corpses that were involved in highway accidents, found dead in the natural environment, or referred to us from the veterinary hospital at the Brasília Zoo. Fibroblasts from C. brachyurus specimens presented a delay in cell growth in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium in relation to other species. This observation is a limiting factor for the future storage of cells from this species. Differences in cellular morphology were observed between C. brachyurus, C. thous, and M. gouazoubira, presenting branched, fusiform, and spherical forms, respectively. The cryoprotective solution containing 10% DMSO was more efficient than 5% DMF medium in preserving the viability of fibroblasts of the three species (p < 0.05). After defining the best cryopreservation solution, a germplasm bank was successfully formed. This biological reservoir is configured as the first germplasm bank containing somatic cells and gametes of wild mammals of the Cerrado biome of Brazil. This material will be used for future characterization of the species and multiplication by means of nuclear transfer cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Miranda Mattos
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Cerrados), Brasília, Brazil
- University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Filipe Carneiro Reis
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Cerrados), Brasília, Brazil
- Brasília Zoo, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Ivo Pivato
- University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Swegen A, Appeltant R, Williams SA. Cloning in action: can embryo splitting, induced pluripotency and somatic cell nuclear transfer contribute to endangered species conservation? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1225-1249. [PMID: 37016502 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The term 'cloning' refers to the production of genetically identical individuals but has meant different things throughout the history of science: a natural means of reproduction in bacteria, a routine procedure in horticulture, and an ever-evolving gamut of molecular technologies in vertebrates. Mammalian cloning can be achieved through embryo splitting, somatic cell nuclear transfer, and most recently, by the use of induced pluripotent stem cells. Several emerging biotechnologies also facilitate the propagation of genomes from one generation to the next whilst bypassing the conventional reproductive processes. In this review, we examine the state of the art of available cloning technologies and their progress in species other than humans and rodent models, in order to provide a critical overview of their readiness and relevance for application in endangered animal conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleona Swegen
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ruth Appeltant
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Gamete Research Centre, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Suzannah A Williams
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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Burgstaller JP, Chiaratti MR. Mitochondrial Inheritance Following Nuclear Transfer: From Cloned Animals to Patients with Mitochondrial Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2647:83-104. [PMID: 37041330 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3064-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are indispensable power plants of eukaryotic cells that also act as a major biochemical hub. As such, mitochondrial dysfunction, which can originate from mutations in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA), may impair organism fitness and lead to severe diseases in humans. MtDNA is a multi-copy, highly polymorphic genome that is uniparentally transmitted through the maternal line. Several mechanisms act in the germline to counteract heteroplasmy (i.e., coexistence of two or more mtDNA variants) and prevent expansion of mtDNA mutations. However, reproductive biotechnologies such as cloning by nuclear transfer can disrupt mtDNA inheritance, resulting in new genetic combinations that may be unstable and have physiological consequences. Here, we review the current understanding of mitochondrial inheritance, with emphasis on its pattern in animals and human embryos generated by nuclear transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg P Burgstaller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcos R Chiaratti
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
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Molecular Mechanism and Application of Somatic Cell Cloning in Mammals-Past, Present and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213786. [PMID: 36430264 PMCID: PMC9697074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thus far, nearly 25 mammalian species have been cloned by intra- or interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) [...].
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Kim DE, Lee JH, Ji KB, Park KS, Kil TY, Koo O, Kim MK. Generation of genome-edited dogs by somatic cell nuclear transfer. BMC Biotechnol 2022; 22:19. [PMID: 35831828 PMCID: PMC9281017 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-022-00749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Canine cloning technology based on somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) combined with genome-editing tools such as CRISPR-Cas9 can be used to correct pathogenic mutations in purebred dogs or to generate animal models of disease. Results We constructed a CRISPR-Cas9 vector targeting canine DJ-1. Genome-edited canine fibroblasts were established using vector transfection and antibiotic selection. We performed canine SCNT using genome-edited fibroblasts and successfully generated two genome-edited dogs. Both genome-edited dogs had insertion-deletion mutations at the target locus, and DJ-1 expression was either downregulated or completely repressed. Conclusion SCNT successfully produced genome-edited dogs by using the CRISPR-Cas9 system for the first time. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12896-022-00749-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ern Kim
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Physiology, Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Physiology, Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Kuk-Bin Ji
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Physiology, Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | | | - Tae-Young Kil
- Department of Social Welfare, Joongbu University, Geumsan, 32713, Korea
| | | | - Min-Kyu Kim
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Physiology, Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea. .,MK biotech Inc., Daejeon, 34134, Korea.
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Bolton RL, Mooney A, Pettit MT, Bolton AE, Morgan L, Drake GJ, Appeltant R, Walker SL, Gillis JD, Hvilsom C. Resurrecting biodiversity: advanced assisted reproductive technologies and biobanking. REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY 2022; 3:R121-R146. [PMID: 35928671 PMCID: PMC9346332 DOI: 10.1530/raf-22-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity is defined as the presence of a variety of living organisms on the Earth that is essential for human survival. However, anthropogenic activities are causing the sixth mass extinction, threatening even our own species. For many animals, dwindling numbers are becoming fragmented populations with low genetic diversity, threatening long-term species viability. With extinction rates 1000–10,000 times greater than natural, ex situ and in situ conservation programmes need additional support to save species. The indefinite storage of cryopreserved (−196°C) viable cells and tissues (cryobanking), followed by assisted or advanced assisted reproductive technology (ART: utilisation of oocytes and spermatozoa to generate offspring; aART: utilisation of somatic cell genetic material to generate offspring), may be the only hope for species’ long-term survival. As such, cryobanking should be considered a necessity for all future conservation strategies. Following cryopreservation, ART/aART can be used to reinstate lost genetics back into a population, resurrecting biodiversity. However, for this to be successful, species-specific protocol optimisation and increased knowledge of basic biology for many taxa are required. Current ART/aART is primarily focused on mammalian taxa; however, this needs to be extended to all, including to some of the most endangered species: amphibians. Gamete, reproductive tissue and somatic cell cryobanking can fill the gap between losing genetic diversity today and future technological developments. This review explores species prioritisation for cryobanking and the successes and challenges of cryopreservation and multiple ARTs/aARTs. We here discuss the value of cryobanking before more species are lost and the potential of advanced reproductive technologies not only to halt but also to reverse biodiversity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon L Bolton
- Nature’s SAFE, Chapel Field Stud, Ash Lane, Whitchurch, Shropshire, UK
| | | | - Matt T Pettit
- Nature’s SAFE, Chapel Field Stud, Ash Lane, Whitchurch, Shropshire, UK
- IMT International Limited, Tattenhall, Chester, UK
| | - Anthony E Bolton
- Nature’s SAFE, Chapel Field Stud, Ash Lane, Whitchurch, Shropshire, UK
| | - Lucy Morgan
- Gemini Genetics, Chapel Field Stud, Ash Lane, Whitchurch, UK
| | | | - Ruth Appeltant
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women’s Centre, Level 3, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan L Walker
- Nature’s SAFE, Chapel Field Stud, Ash Lane, Whitchurch, Shropshire, UK
- Chester Zoo, Upton-by-Chester, UK
| | - James D Gillis
- South-East Zoo Alliance for Reproduction & Conservation, Yulee, Florida, USA
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Liu J, Wang B, Liu X, Xiao K. Study on activity of different tissues from juvenile Yangtze sturgeon in the early post-mortem period. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:3-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Telomere length in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and their age-matched naturally produced counterparts. Theriogenology 2022; 177:151-156. [PMID: 34700072 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There are controversial reports on the restoration of eroded telomere length in offspring produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in different animal species. To the best of our knowledge, no earlier studies report the telomere length in naturally produced or cloned animals in any of the camelid species. Therefore, the present study was conducted to estimate the telomere length in dromedary camels produced by SCNT, the donor cells, and their age-matched naturally produced counterparts by Terminal Restriction Fragment (TRF) length analysis and real-time Q PCR T/S ratio methods. Genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood collected from 6 cloned animals and their age-matched counterparts. Using the southern blot technique, digested DNA was blotted onto a positively charged nylon membrane, and its hybridization was carried out using telomere (TTAGGG)n specific, DIG-labeled hybridization probe (Roche Diagnostics, Germany) at 42 °C for 4 h. Stringent washes were carried out at the same temperature, followed by a chemiluminescence reaction. The signals were captured using the Azure Biosystems C600 gel documentation system. A TeloTool program from MATLAB software with a built-in probe intensity correction algorithm was used for TRF analysis. The experiment was replicated three times, and the data, presented as mean ± SEM, were analyzed using a two-sample t-test (MINITAB statistical software, Minitab ltd, CV3 2 TE, UK). No difference was found in the mean telomere length of cloned camels when compared to their naturally produced age-matched counterparts. However, the telomere length was more (P < 0.05) than that of the somatic cells used for producing the SCNT embryos. A moderate positive Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.6446) was observed between the telomere lengths estimated by TRF and Q PCR T/S ratio method. In conclusion, this is the first study wherein we are reporting telomere length in naturally produced and cloned dromedary camels produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer. We found that telomere lengths in cloned camels were similar to their age-matched naturally produced counterparts, suggesting that the camel cytoplast reprograms the somatic cell nucleus and restores the telomere length to its totipotency stage.
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Ex Situ Conservation and Genetic Rescue of Endangered Polish Cattle and Pig Breeds with the Aid of Modern Reproductive Biotechnology – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The development and optimization of reproductive biotechnology – specifically semen cryopreservation, spermatological diagnostics, and intraspecies cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) – have become essential techniques to conserve the genetic resources and establish genetic reserves of endangered or vanishing native Polish livestock breeds. Moreover, this biotechnology is necessary for perpetuating biological diversity and enhancing genetic variability as well as for restoring and reintroducing breeds into anthropogenic agricultural ecosystems. On the one hand, the purpose of our paper is to interpret recent efforts aimed at the ex situ conservation of native cattle and pig breeds. On the other, it emphasizes the prominent role played by the National Research Institute of Animal Production (NRIAP) in maintaining biodiversity in agricultural environmental niches. Furthermore, our paper provides an overview of the conventional and modern strategies of the banking and cryopreservation of germplasm-carrier biological materials and somatic cell lines, spermatological diagnostics, and semen-based and SCNT-mediated assisted reproductive technologies (ART s). These are the most reliable and powerful tools for ex situ protection of the genetic resources of endangered breeds of livestock, especially cattle and pigs.
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The ART of bringing extinction to a freeze - History and future of species conservation, exemplified by rhinos. Theriogenology 2021; 169:76-88. [PMID: 33940218 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing mass extinction of animal species at an unprecedented rate is largely caused by human activities. Progressive habitat destruction and fragmentation is resulting in accelerated loss of biodiversity on a global scale. Over decades, captive breeding programs of non-domestic species were characterized by efforts to optimize species-specific husbandry, to increase studbook-based animal exchange, and to improve enclosure designs. To counter the ongoing dramatic loss of biodiversity, new approaches are warranted. Recently, new ideas, particularly the application of assisted reproduction technologies (ART), have been incorporated into classical zoo breeding programs. These technologies include semen and oocyte collection, artificial insemination, and in-vitro embryo generation. More futuristic ideas of advanced ART (aART) implement recent advances in biotechnology and stem-cell related approaches such as cloning, inner cell mass transfer (ICM), and the stem-cell-associated techniques (SCAT) for the generation of gametes and ultimately embryos of highly endangered species, such as the northern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum cottoni) of which only two female individuals are left. Both, ART and aART greatly depend on and benefit from the rapidly evolving cryopreservation techniques and biobanking not only of genetic, but also of viable cellular materials suitable for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). The availability of cryopreserved materials bridges gaps in time and space, thereby optimizing the available genetic variability and enhancing the chance to restore viable populations.
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14
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Extranuclear Inheritance of Mitochondrial Genome and Epigenetic Reprogrammability of Chromosomal Telomeres in Somatic Cell Cloning of Mammals. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063099. [PMID: 33803567 PMCID: PMC8002851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in mammals seems to be still characterized by the disappointingly low rates of cloned embryos, fetuses, and progeny generated. These rates are measured in relation to the numbers of nuclear-transferred oocytes and can vary depending on the technique applied to the reconstruction of enucleated oocytes. The SCNT efficiency is also largely affected by the capability of donor nuclei to be epigenetically reprogrammed in a cytoplasm of reconstructed oocytes. The epigenetic reprogrammability of donor nuclei in SCNT-derived embryos appears to be biased, to a great extent, by the extranuclear (cytoplasmic) inheritance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fractions originating from donor cells. A high frequency of mtDNA heteroplasmy occurrence can lead to disturbances in the intergenomic crosstalk between mitochondrial and nuclear compartments during the early embryogenesis of SCNT-derived embryos. These disturbances can give rise to incorrect and incomplete epigenetic reprogramming of donor nuclei in mammalian cloned embryos. The dwindling reprogrammability of donor nuclei in the blastomeres of SCNT-derived embryos can also be impacted by impaired epigenetic rearrangements within terminal ends of donor cell-descended chromosomes (i.e., telomeres). Therefore, dysfunctions in epigenetic reprogramming of donor nuclei can contribute to the enhanced attrition of telomeres. This accelerates the processes of epigenomic aging and replicative senescence in the cells forming various tissues and organs of cloned fetuses and progeny. For all the above-mentioned reasons, the current paper aims to overview the state of the art in not only molecular mechanisms underlying intergenomic communication between nuclear and mtDNA molecules in cloned embryos but also intrinsic determinants affecting unfaithful epigenetic reprogrammability of telomeres. The latter is related to their abrasion within somatic cell-inherited chromosomes.
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Mrowiec P, Bugno-Poniewierska M, Młodawska W. The perspective of the incompatible of nucleus and mitochondria in interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer for endangered species. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 56:199-207. [PMID: 33190359 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Taking into account the latest Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature in which 25% of all mammals are threatened with extinction, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) could be a beneficial tool and holds a lot of potential for aiding the conservation of endangered, exotic or even extinct animal species if somatic cells of such animals are available. In the case of shortage and sparse amount of wild animal oocytes, interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT), where the recipient ooplasm and donor nucleus are derived from different species, is the alternative SCNT technique. The successful application of iSCNT, resulting in the production of live offspring, was confirmed in several combination of closely related species. When nucleus donor cells and recipient oocytes have been used in many other combinations, very often with a very distant taxonomical relation iSCNT resulted only in the very early stages of cloned embryo development. Problems encountered during iSCNT related to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)/genomic DNA incompatibility, mtDNA heteroplasmy, embryonic genome activation of the donor nucleus by the recipient oocyte and availability of suitable foster mothers for iSCNT embryos. Implementing assisted reproductive technologies, including iSCNT, to conservation programmes also raises concerns that the production of genetically identical populations might cause problems with inbreeding. The article aims at presenting achievements, limitations and perspectives of iSCNT in maintaining animal biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Mrowiec
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Bugno-Poniewierska
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wiesława Młodawska
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
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Liu J, Liu X, Zeng Q, Wang B, Xiao K, Tan C, Du H. Establishment and characterization of a cell line derived from fin of the endangered Yangtze sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:650-658. [PMID: 32888116 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Yangtze sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus) is an endangered endemic freshwater fish of China. Cell-line is a potential means used for long-term preservation of germplasm resources and an ideal in vitro model in place of living organisms for biological studies. Here, culture condition and characterization of fin-derived cell in Yangtze sturgeon were carried out. Tissue explant techniques have been efficiently used in the Yangtze sturgeon caudal fin (YSCF) culture. The YSCF cell line showed a fibroblast-like morphology and stable growth in minimum essential medium eagle's (MEME) supplemented with 10-20% fetal bovine serum at 25°C. Cells were cryopreserved with preservative DMSO in liquid nitrogen and grew normally after recovery. No bacterial, fungal, or mycoplasma contamination was detected in the YSCF cells. Karyotype analysis of the YSCF cells showed that the chromosome numbers of the YSCF ranged from 242 to 273, and the modal chromosome number was identified as 264 at passage 9. The YSCF cells were confirmed from A. dabryanus by assay of 16S rRNA and COI. Furthermore, GFP reporter gene was successfully transferred into YSCF cells and expressed. The established YSCF cell lines will contribute to the preservation of germplasm resources and provide a useful vitro tool for further biological studies in sturgeon species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China.,China Three Gorges Corporation, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China.,China Three Gorges Corporation, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Qingkai Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China.,China Three Gorges Corporation, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Binzhong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China.,China Three Gorges Corporation, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Kan Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China.,China Three Gorges Corporation, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Chun Tan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China.,China Three Gorges Corporation, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Hejun Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China. .,China Three Gorges Corporation, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China.
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17
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An JH, Li FP, He P, Chen JS, Cai ZG, Liu SR, Yue CJ, Liu YL, Hou R. Characteristics of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from the Bone Marrow of Red Pandas. ZOOLOGY 2020; 140:125775. [PMID: 32251890 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2020.125775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have strong therapeutic potential due to their capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. MSCs can also be useful in preserving the current genetic diversity of endangered wildlife. To date, MSCs from various species have been studied, but only a few species of endangered wild animals have been reported. Adult bone marrow (BM) is a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize MSCs derived from the BM of red pandas. Red panda BM-MSCs isolated from five individuals were fibroblast-like cells, similar to other species. Cultured BM-MSCs with normal karyotype were negative for the hematopoietic line marker CD34 and the endothelial cell marker CD31 but were positive for MSC markers, including CD44, CD105 and CD90. RT-PCR and western blot analysis showed self-renewal and pluripotency genes, including Oct4, Sox2 and Klf4, were also expressed in red panda BM-MSCs. Finally, red panda BM-MSCs had the potential for differentiation into osteogenic, adipogenic and neuron-like cells by using a combination of previously reported protocols for other species. We have therefore demonstrated that cells harvested from red panda bone marrow are capable of extensive in vitro multiplication and multilineage differentiation, which is an essential step toward their use in the preservation of red pandas biological diversity and future studies on MSC applications in endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui An
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Fei-Ping Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Ping He
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Jia-Song Chen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Cai
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Song-Rui Liu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Chan-Juan Yue
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Yu-Liang Liu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China.
| | - Rong Hou
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China.
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18
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Fatira E, Havelka M, Labbé C, Depincé A, Pšenička M, Saito T. A newly developed cloning technique in sturgeons; an important step towards recovering endangered species. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10453. [PMID: 31320687 PMCID: PMC6639416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46892-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Several steps of sturgeon somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) have been recently established, but improvements are needed to make it a feasible tool to preserve the natural populations of this group of endangered species. The donor cell position inside the recipient egg seems to be crucial for its reprogramming; therefore by injecting multiple donor somatic cells instead of a single cell with a single manipulation, we increased the potential for embryo development. Using the Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii as a multiple cell donor and sterlet Acipenser ruthenus as the non-enucleated egg recipient, we obtained higher proportion of eggs developing into embryos than previously reported with single-SCNT. Molecular data showed the production of a specimen (0.8%) contained only the donor genome with no contribution from the recipient, while two specimens (1.6%) showed both recipient and donor genome. These findings are the first report of donor DNA integration into a sturgeon embryo after interspecific cloning. In all, we provide evidence that cloning with the multiple donor somatic cells can be feasible in the future. Despite the fact that the sturgeon cloning faces limitations, to date it is the most promising technique for their preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effrosyni Fatira
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Miloš Havelka
- South Ehime Fisheries Research Center, Ehime University, Ainan, Ehime, 798-4206, Japan
| | - Catherine Labbé
- INRA, Fish Physiology and Genomics department, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Alexandra Depincé
- INRA, Fish Physiology and Genomics department, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Martin Pšenička
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Taiju Saito
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
- South Ehime Fisheries Research Center, Ehime University, Ainan, Ehime, 798-4206, Japan
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19
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Potential role of intraspecific and interspecific cloning in the conservation of wild mammals. ZYGOTE 2019; 27:111-117. [DOI: 10.1017/s0967199419000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SummaryIntraspecific and interspecific cloning via somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) is a biotechnique with great possibilities for wild mammals because it allows the maintenance of biodiversity by recovering species, nuclear reprogramming for the production of pluripotency-induced cells, and studies related to embryonic development. Nevertheless, many areas in cloning, especially those associated with wild mammals, are still in question because of the difficulty in obtaining cytoplasmic donor cells (or cytoplasts). Conversely, donor cell nuclei (or karyoplasts) are widely obtained from the skin of living or post-mortem individuals and often maintained in somatic cell banks. Moreover, the creation of karyoplast–cytoplast complexes by fusion followed by activation and embryo development is one of the most difficult steps that requires further clarification to avoid genetic failures. Although difficult, cloning different species, such as wild carnivores and ungulates, can be successful via iSCNT with embryo development and the birth of offspring. Thus, novel research in the area that contributes to the conservation of biodiversity and knowledge of the physiology of species continues. The present review presents the failures and successes that occurred with the application of the technique in wild mammals, with the goal of helping future work on cloning via iSCNT.
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20
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Lee SH, Oh HJ, Kim MJ, Kim GA, Setyawan EMN, Ra K, Abdillah DA, Lee BC. Dog cloning-no longer science fiction. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 53 Suppl 3:133-138. [PMID: 30474338 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Since the generation of world's first cloned dog, Snuppy, in 2005, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in dogs has been widely applied for producing several kinds of dogs with specific objectives. Previous studies have demonstrated that cloned dogs show normal characteristics in growth, blood parameters and behavioural aspect. Also, canine SCNT technique has been applied to propagate working dogs with excellent abilities in fields such as assistance of disabled people, drugs detection and rescue activity. Because dogs have similar habituation properties and share many characteristics including anatomic and physiological aspects with humans, they are also primary candidates for human disease models. Recently, transgenic dogs that express red fluorescent protein gene constitutively and green fluorescent protein gene conditionally have been generated. In addition, transgenic dogs with an overexpression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha in specific muscles were generated to enhance physical performance. In 2017, Snuppy was recloned with markedly increased pregnancy and delivery rates compared to the statistics from when Snuppy was first cloned. Such striking improvements in the cloning of dogs using SCNT procedures suggest that dog cloning could be applied in many fields of biomedical science for human diseases research, and the application of cloning is no longer science fiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Hee Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Oh
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon A Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Erif Maha Nugraha Setyawan
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihae Ra
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dimas Arya Abdillah
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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21
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Biotechnology for Wildlife. ADVANCES IN ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [PMCID: PMC7153411 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21309-1_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
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22
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Cordova A, King WA, Mastromonaco GF. Choosing a culture medium for SCNT and iSCNT reconstructed embryos: from domestic to wildlife species. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017; 59:24. [PMID: 29152322 PMCID: PMC5680814 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-017-0149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, in vitro culture media have been developed to successfully support IVF embryo growth in a variety of species. Advanced reproductive technologies, such as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), challenge us with a new type of embryo, with special nutritional requirements and altered physiology under in vitro conditions. Numerous studies have successfully reconstructed cloned embryos of domestic animals for biomedical research and livestock production. However, studies evaluating suitable culture conditions for SCNT embryos in wildlife species are scarce (for both intra- and interspecies SCNT). Most of the existing studies derive from previous IVF work done in conventional domestic species. Extrapolation to non-domestic species presents significant challenges since we lack information on reproductive processes and embryo development in most wildlife species. Given the challenges in adapting culture media and conditions from IVF to SCNT embryos, developmental competence of SCNT embryos remains low. This review summarizes research efforts to tailor culture media to SCNT embryos and explore the different outcomes in diverse species. It will also consider how these culture media protocols have been extrapolated to wildlife species, most particularly using SCNT as a cutting-edge technical resource to assist in the preservation of endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cordova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada.,Reproductive Physiology, Toronto Zoo, Scarborough, Ontario Canada
| | - W A King
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
| | - G F Mastromonaco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada.,Reproductive Physiology, Toronto Zoo, Scarborough, Ontario Canada
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23
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Potential application of genetically identical somatic cell nuclear transfer-cloned dogs for gastrointestinal microbiota analysis. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-016-0630-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Shin CW, Kim GA, Park WJ, Park KY, Jeon JM, Oh HJ, Kim MJ, Lee BC. Learning, memory and exploratory similarities in genetically identical cloned dogs. J Vet Sci 2016; 17:563-567. [PMID: 27030191 PMCID: PMC5204035 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.4.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer allows generation of genetically identical animals using donor cells derived from animals with particular traits. To date, few studies have investigated whether or not these cloned dogs will show identical behavior patterns. To address this question, learning, memory and exploratory patterns were examined using six cloned dogs with identical nuclear genomes. The variance of total incorrect choice number in the Y-maze test among cloned dogs was significantly lower than that of the control dogs. There was also a significant decrease in variance in the level of exploratory activity in the open fields test compared to age-matched control dogs. These results indicate that cloned dogs show similar cognitive and exploratory patterns, suggesting that these behavioral phenotypes are related to the genotypes of the individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Won Shin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Geon A Kim
- Department of Theriogenology & Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Won Jun Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kwan Yong Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089, USA
| | - Jeong Min Jeon
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Oh
- Department of Theriogenology & Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Theriogenology & Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Byeong Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology & Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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25
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Parma P, Veyrunes F, Pailhoux E. Sex Reversal in Non-Human Placental Mammals. Sex Dev 2016; 10:326-344. [PMID: 27529721 DOI: 10.1159/000448361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gonads are very peculiar organs given their bipotential competence. Indeed, early differentiating genital ridges evolve into either of 2 very distinct organs: the testis or the ovary. Accumulating evidence now demonstrates that both genetic pathways must repress the other in order for the organs to differentiate properly, meaning that if this repression is disrupted or attenuated, the other pathway may completely or partially be expressed, leading to disorders of sex development. Among these disorders are the cases of XY male-to-female and XX female-to-male sex reversals as well as true hermaphrodites, in which there is a discrepancy between the chromosomal and gonadal sex. Here, we review known cases of XY and XX sex reversals described in mammals, focusing mostly on domestic animals where sex reversal pathologies occur and on wild species in which deviations from the usual XX/XY system have been documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Parma
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan University, Milan, Italy
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26
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Yelisetti UM, Komjeti S, Katari VC, Sisinthy S, Brahmasani SR. Interspecies nuclear transfer using fibroblasts from leopard, tiger, and lion ear piece collected postmortem as donor cells and rabbit oocytes as recipients. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016; 52:632-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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27
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Altering histone acetylation status in donor cells with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid does not affect dog cloning efficiency. Theriogenology 2015; 84:1256-61. [PMID: 26259535 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although dog cloning technology has been applied to conservation of endangered canids, propagation of elite dogs, and production of transgenic dogs, the efficiency of cloning is still very low. To help overcome this problem, we evaluated the effect of treating donor cells with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on dog cloning efficiency. Relative messenger RNA expressions of the bax1/bcl2 ratio and Dnmt1 in fibroblasts treated with different concentrations (0, 1, 10, 50 μM) of SAHA and durations (0, 20, 44 hours) were compared. Treatment with 1 μM for 20 hours showed significantly lower bax1/bcl2 and Dnmt1 transcript abundance. Acetylation of H3K9 was significantly increased after SAHA treatment, but H4K5, H4K8 and H4K16 were not changed. After SCNT using control or donor cells treated with SAHA, a total of 76 and 64 cloned embryos were transferred to seven and five recipients, respectively. Three fetuses were diagnosed in both control and SAHA-treated groups by ultrasonography 29 days after the embryo transfer, but there was no significant difference in the pregnancy rate (4.2% vs. 4.3%). In conclusion, although SAHA treatment as used in this study significantly decreased bax1/bcl2 and Dnmt1 transcripts of donor nuclei, as well as increased H3 acetylation, it was not enough to increase in vivo developmental competence of cloned dog embryos.
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28
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Wisely SM, Ryder OA, Santymire RM, Engelhardt JF, Novak BJ. A Road Map for 21st Century Genetic Restoration: Gene Pool Enrichment of the Black-Footed Ferret. J Hered 2015; 106:581-92. [PMID: 26304983 PMCID: PMC4567841 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esv041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) could benefit recovery programs of critically endangered species but must be weighed with the risks of failure. To weigh the risks and benefits, a decision-making process that evaluates progress is needed. Experiments that evaluate the efficiency and efficacy of blastocyst, fetal, and post-parturition development are necessary to determine the success or failure or species-specific iSCNT programs. Here, we use the black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) as a case study for evaluating this emerging biomedical technology as a tool for genetic restoration. The black-footed ferret has depleted genetic variation yet genome resource banks contain genetic material of individuals not currently represented in the extant lineage. Thus, genetic restoration of the species is in theory possible and could help reduce the persistent erosion of genetic diversity from drift. Extensive genetic, genomic, and reproductive science tools have previously been developed in black-footed ferrets and would aid in the process of developing an iSCNT protocol for this species. Nonetheless, developing reproductive cloning will require years of experiments and a coordinated effort among recovery partners. The information gained from a well-planned research effort with the goal of genetic restoration via reproductive cloning could establish a 21st century model for evaluating and implementing conservation breeding that would be applicable to other genetically impoverished species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Wisely
- From the Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, Florida, 32611 USA (Wisely); San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, San Diego Zoo Global, Escondido, California, 92027 USA (Ryder); Davee Center for Epidemiology and Endocrinology, 2001 North Clark Street, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, 60614 USA (Santymire); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 51 Newton Road, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242 USA (Engelhardt); and Revive & Restore, The Long Now Foundation, 2 Marina Boulevard Building A, San Francisco, California, 94123 USA (Novak).
| | - Oliver A Ryder
- From the Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, Florida, 32611 USA (Wisely); San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, San Diego Zoo Global, Escondido, California, 92027 USA (Ryder); Davee Center for Epidemiology and Endocrinology, 2001 North Clark Street, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, 60614 USA (Santymire); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 51 Newton Road, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242 USA (Engelhardt); and Revive & Restore, The Long Now Foundation, 2 Marina Boulevard Building A, San Francisco, California, 94123 USA (Novak)
| | - Rachel M Santymire
- From the Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, Florida, 32611 USA (Wisely); San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, San Diego Zoo Global, Escondido, California, 92027 USA (Ryder); Davee Center for Epidemiology and Endocrinology, 2001 North Clark Street, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, 60614 USA (Santymire); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 51 Newton Road, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242 USA (Engelhardt); and Revive & Restore, The Long Now Foundation, 2 Marina Boulevard Building A, San Francisco, California, 94123 USA (Novak)
| | - John F Engelhardt
- From the Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, Florida, 32611 USA (Wisely); San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, San Diego Zoo Global, Escondido, California, 92027 USA (Ryder); Davee Center for Epidemiology and Endocrinology, 2001 North Clark Street, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, 60614 USA (Santymire); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 51 Newton Road, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242 USA (Engelhardt); and Revive & Restore, The Long Now Foundation, 2 Marina Boulevard Building A, San Francisco, California, 94123 USA (Novak)
| | - Ben J Novak
- From the Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, Florida, 32611 USA (Wisely); San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, San Diego Zoo Global, Escondido, California, 92027 USA (Ryder); Davee Center for Epidemiology and Endocrinology, 2001 North Clark Street, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, 60614 USA (Santymire); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 51 Newton Road, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242 USA (Engelhardt); and Revive & Restore, The Long Now Foundation, 2 Marina Boulevard Building A, San Francisco, California, 94123 USA (Novak)
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29
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Bang J, Jin J, Ghanem N, Choi B, Fakruzzaman M, Ha A, Lee K, Uhm S, Ko D, Koo B, Lee J, Kong I. Quality improvement of transgenic cloned bovine embryos using an aggregation method: Effects on cell number, cell ratio, embryo perimeter, mitochondrial distribution, and gene expression profile. Theriogenology 2015; 84:509-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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30
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Oh HJ, Choi J, Kim MJ, Kim GA, Jo YK, Choi YB, Lee BC. Propagation of elite rescue dogs by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Anim Sci J 2015; 87:21-6. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Oh
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Jin Choi
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Geon A Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Young Kwang Jo
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Yoo Bin Choi
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Byeong Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
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Saini M, Selokar N, Raja A, Sahare A, Singla S, Chauhan M, Manik R, Palta P. Effect of donor cell type on developmental competence, quality, gene expression, and epigenetic status of interspecies cloned embryos produced using cells from wild buffalo and oocytes from domestic buffalo. Theriogenology 2015; 84:101-8.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zhu HY, Kang JD, Li S, Jin JX, Hong Y, Jin L, Guo Q, Gao QS, Yan CG, Yin XJ. Production of rhesus monkey cloned embryos expressing monomeric red fluorescent protein by interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 444:638-43. [PMID: 24491539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) is a promising method to clone endangered animals from which oocytes are difficult to obtain. Monomeric red fluorescent protein 1 (mRFP1) is an excellent selection marker for transgenically modified cloned embryos during somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). In this study, mRFP-expressing rhesus monkey cells or porcine cells were transferred into enucleated porcine oocytes to generate iSCNT and SCNT embryos, respectively. The development of these embryos was studied in vitro. The percentage of embryos that underwent cleavage did not significantly differ between iSCNT and SCNT embryos (P>0.05; 71.53% vs. 80.30%). However, significantly fewer iSCNT embryos than SCNT embryos reached the blastocyst stage (2.04% vs. 10.19%, P<0.05). Valproic acid was used in an attempt to increase the percentage of iSCNT embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage. However, the percentages of embryos that underwent cleavage and reached the blastocyst stage were similar between untreated iSCNT embryos and iSCNT embryos treated with 2mM valproic acid for 24h (72.12% vs. 70.83% and 2.67% vs. 2.35%, respectively). These data suggest that porcine-rhesus monkey interspecies embryos can be generated that efficiently express mRFP1. However, a significantly lower proportion of iSCNT embryos than SCNT embryos reach the blastocyst stage. Valproic acid does not increase the percentage of porcine-rhesus monkey iSCNT embryos that reach the blastocyst stage. The mechanisms underling nuclear reprogramming and epigenetic modifications in iSCNT need to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ying Zhu
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, PR China
| | - Jin-Dan Kang
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, PR China
| | - Suo Li
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, PR China
| | - Jun-Xue Jin
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, PR China
| | - Yu Hong
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, PR China
| | - Long Jin
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, PR China
| | - Qing Guo
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, PR China
| | - Qing-Shan Gao
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, PR China
| | - Chang-Guo Yan
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, PR China
| | - Xi-Jun Yin
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, PR China.
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Priya D, Selokar NL, Raja AK, Saini M, Sahare AA, Nala N, Palta P, Chauhan MS, Manik RS, Singla SK. Production of wild buffalo (Bubalus arnee) embryos by interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer using domestic buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) oocytes. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:343-51. [PMID: 24494649 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the possibility of producing wild buffalo embryos by interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) through handmade cloning using wild buffalo somatic cells and domestic buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) oocytes. Somatic cells derived from the ear skin of wild buffalo were found to express vimentin but not keratin and cytokeratin-18, indicating that they were of fibroblast origin. The population doubling time of skin fibroblasts from wild buffalo was significantly (p < 0.05) higher, and the cell proliferation rate was significantly (p < 0.05) lower compared with that of skin fibroblasts from domestic buffalo. Neither the cleavage (92.6 ± 2.0% vs 92.8 ± 2.0%) nor the blastocyst rate (42.4 ± 2.4% vs 38.7 ± 2.8%) was significantly different between the intraspecies cloned embryos produced using skin fibroblasts from domestic buffalo and interspecies cloned embryos produced using skin fibroblasts from wild buffalo. However, the total cell number (TCN) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower (192.0 ± 25.6 vs 345.7 ± 42.2), and the apoptotic index was significantly (p < 0.05) higher (15.1 ± 3.1 vs 8.0 ± 1.4) for interspecies than that for intraspecies cloned embryos. Following vitrification in open-pulled straws (OPS) and warming, although the cryosurvival rate of both types of cloned embryos, as indicated by their re-expansion rate, was not significantly different (34.8 ± 1.5% vs 47.8 ± 7.8), the apoptotic index was significantly (p < 0.05) higher for vitrified-warmed interspecies than that for corresponding intraspecies cloned embryos (48.9 ± 7.2 vs 23.9 ± 2.8). The global level of H3K18ac was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in interspecies cloned embryos than that in intraspecies cloned embryos. The expression level of HDAC1, DNMT3a and CASPASE3 was significantly (p < 0.05) higher, that of P53 was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in interspecies than in intraspecies embryos, whereas that of DNMT1 was similar between the two types of embryos. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that wild buffalo embryos can be produced by iSCNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Priya
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Reproduction and Advances in Reproductive Studies in Carnivores. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 753:205-39. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0820-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Pregnancy and Neonatal Care of SCNT Animals. PRINCIPLES OF CLONING 2014. [PMCID: PMC7149996 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386541-0.00009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mastromonaco GF, González-Grajales LA, Filice M, Comizzoli P. Somatic cells, stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells: how do they now contribute to conservation? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 753:385-427. [PMID: 25091918 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0820-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
More than a decade has now passed since the birth of the first endangered species produced from an adult somatic cell reprogrammed by somatic cell nuclear transfer. At that time, advances made in domestic and laboratory animal species provided the necessary foundation for attempting cutting-edge technologies on threatened and endangered species. In addition to nuclear transfer, spermatogonial stem cell transplantation and induction of pluripotent stem cells have also been explored. Although many basic scientific questions have been answered and more than 30 wild species have been investigated, very few successes have been reported. The majority of studies document numerous obstacles that still need to be overcome to produce viable gametes or embryos for healthy offspring production. This chapter provides an overview of somatic cell and stem cell technologies in different taxa (mammals, fishes, birds, reptiles and amphibians) and evaluates the potential and impact of these approaches for animal species conservation.
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Kim GA, Oh HJ, Park JE, Kim MJ, Park EJ, Lim SH, Kang SK, Jang G, Lee BC. Employing mated females as recipients for transfer of cloned dog embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013; 25:700-6. [PMID: 22951104 DOI: 10.1071/rd11221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that co-transferring parthenogenetic embryos could improve the pregnancy success rate with cloned embryos in mammals. As an alternative to co-transferring parthenotes, in dogs we employed recipient females that possessed in vivo-fertilised embryos as a result of mating to determine whether mated bitches could be suitable recipients for cloned embryos. The effect of using mated recipients on implantation and pregnancy rates of canine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos was also determined. Cloned embryos were transferred into the oviducts of naturally synchronous females that had mated with male dogs before ovulation. The pregnancy rate appeared to be similar between mated recipients (50%) and non-mated recipients (28.57%; P>0.05). However, the delivery rate of cloned pups was significantly higher in mated recipients than non-mated recipients (10.53 vs 2.38%; P<0.05). A decrease in progesterone levels in the mated recipients before the due date induced natural delivery. However, cloned pups in non-mated recipients were delivered by Caesarean section because the fall in progesterone concentration in these females did not occur until the due date. The present study demonstrated for the first time that mated female dogs can be used as recipients for cloned embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon A Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
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Khan FA, Bhat MH, Yaqoob SH, Waheed SM, Naykoo NA, Athar H, Khan HM, Fazili MR, Ganai NA, Singla SK, Shah RA. In vitro development of goat-sheep and goat-goat zona-free cloned embryos in different culture media. Theriogenology 2013; 81:419-23. [PMID: 24210966 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The gradual decline in the genetic diversity of farm animals has threatened their survival and risk of their extinction has increased many fold in the recent past. Endangered species could be rescued using interspecies embryo production. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of three different culture media on the development of Handmade cloned intraspecies (goat-goat) and interspecies (goat-sheep) embryo reconstructs. Research vitro cleave media (RVCL) yielded higher cleavage and morula-blastocyst development in intraspecies and interspecies nuclear transfer groups compared with G1.G2 and modified synthetic oviductal fluid (mSOFaaci). Cleavage frequency of intraspecies cloned embryos in RVCL, mSOFaaci, and G1.G2 did not differ significantly (87.12%, 82.45%, and 92.52%, respectively). However, the morula/blastocyst frequency in RVCL was greater in mSOFaaci and G1.G2 (51.18% vs. 38.28% vs. 36.50%, respectively). Cleavage and morula/blastocyst frequency in interspecies cloned embryos was greater in RVCL than in mSOFaaci and G1.G2 (76.14% and 42.3% vs. 65.9% and 38.3% vs. 58.56% and 33.1%, respectively). Goat oocytes were parthenogenetically activated and cultured in RVCL, mSOFaaci, and G1.G2 and kept as control. Cleavage and morula/blastocyst frequency in this group was greater in RVCL than in mSOFaaci and G1.G2 (89.66% and 65.26% vs. 85.44% and 48.05% vs. 86.58% and 42.06%, respectively). Conclusively, the results suggest that not only can the interspecies embryos of goat be produced using sheep oocytes as donor cytoplast but also the percentages can be improved by using RVCL media for culturing of the embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Khan
- Centre of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - M H Bhat
- Centre of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - S H Yaqoob
- Centre of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - S M Waheed
- Centre of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - N A Naykoo
- Centre of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - H Athar
- Division of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - H M Khan
- Mountain Research Centre for Sheep and Goat, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - M R Fazili
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Services Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - N A Ganai
- Centre of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - S K Singla
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - R A Shah
- Centre of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Hall V, Hinrichs K, Lazzari G, Betts DH, Hyttel P. Early embryonic development, assisted reproductive technologies, and pluripotent stem cell biology in domestic mammals. Vet J 2013; 197:128-42. [PMID: 23810186 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over many decades assisted reproductive technologies, including artificial insemination, embryo transfer, in vitro production (IVP) of embryos, cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), and stem cell culture, have been developed with the aim of refining breeding strategies for improved production and health in animal husbandry. More recently, biomedical applications of these technologies, in particular, SCNT and stem cell culture, have been pursued in domestic mammals in order to create models for human disease and therapy. The following review focuses on presenting important aspects of pre-implantation development in cattle, pigs, horses, and dogs. Biological aspects and impact of assisted reproductive technologies including IVP, SCNT, and culture of pluripotent stem cells are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hall
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sodium butyrate improves the cloned yak embryo viability and corrects gene expression patterns. ZYGOTE 2013; 23:19-26. [DOI: 10.1017/s0967199413000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SummaryInterspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT), a powerful tool in basic scientific research, has been used widely to increase and preserve the population of endangered species. Yak (Bos grunniens) is one of these species. Development to term of interspecies cloned yak embryos has not been achieved, possibly due to abnormal epigenetic reprogramming. Previous studies have demonstrated that treatment of intraspecies cloned embryos with (NaBu) significantly improves nuclear–cytoplasmic reprogramming and viability in vitro. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effect of optimal NaBu concentration and exposure time on preimplantation development of yak iSCNT embryos and on the expression patterns of developmentally important genes. The results showed that 8-cell rate, blastocyst formation rate and total cell number increased significantly compared with their untreated counterparts when yak iSCNT embryos were treated with 5 nM NaBu for 12 h after activation, but that the 2-cell stage embryo rate was not significantly different. The treatment of NaBu also increased significantly the expression levels of Oct-4 and decreased the expression levels of HDAC-2, Dnmt-1 and IGF-1; the expression patterns of these genes were more similar to that of their bovine–yak in vitro fertilization (BY-IVF) counterparts. The results described above indicated that NaBu treatment improved developmental competence in vitro and ‘corrected’ the gene expression patterns of yak iSCNT embryos.
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Nowak-Imialek M, Niemann H. Pluripotent cells in farm animals: state of the art and future perspectives. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013; 25:103-28. [PMID: 23244833 DOI: 10.1071/rd12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent cells, such as embryonic stem (ES) cells, embryonic germ cells and embryonic carcinoma cells are a unique type of cell because they remain undifferentiated indefinitely in in vitro culture, show self-renewal and possess the ability to differentiate into derivatives of the three germ layers. These capabilities make them a unique in vitro model for studying development, differentiation and for targeted modification of the genome. True pluripotent ESCs have only been described in the laboratory mouse and rat. However, rodent physiology and anatomy differ substantially from that of humans, detracting from the value of the rodent model for studies of human diseases and the development of cellular therapies in regenerative medicine. Recently, progress in the isolation of pluripotent cells in farm animals has been made and new technologies for reprogramming of somatic cells into a pluripotent state have been developed. Prior to clinical application of therapeutic cells differentiated from pluripotent stem cells in human patients, their survival and the absence of tumourigenic potential must be assessed in suitable preclinical large animal models. The establishment of pluripotent cell lines in farm animals may provide new opportunities for the production of transgenic animals, would facilitate development and validation of large animal models for evaluating ESC-based therapies and would thus contribute to the improvement of human and animal health. This review summarises the recent progress in the derivation of pluripotent and reprogrammed cells from farm animals. We refer to our recent review on this area, to which this article is complementary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Nowak-Imialek
- Institut of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loefller-Institut (FLI), Biotechnology, Höltystrasse 10, Mariensee, 31535 Neustadt, Germany.
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Kang JT, Kim HJ, Oh HJ, Hong SG, Park JE, Kim MJ, Kim MK, Jang G, Kim DY, Lee BC. SRY-positive 78, XY ovotesticular disorder of sex development in a wolf cloned by nuclear transfer. J Vet Sci 2012; 13:211-3. [PMID: 22705746 PMCID: PMC3386349 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2012.13.2.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported the three wolves cloning with normal karyotype from somatic cells of endangered male gray wolves (Canis lupus), but one wolf had female external genitalia. In this study, we conducted further clinical, histological, and genetic analyses. This cloned wolf had a normal uterus but developed ovotestis. Through molecular analysis of the SRY gene, a mutation in the coding sequence of SRY gene could be excluded as a cause of intersexuality. This is the first report of a cloned wolf with a 78, XY ovotesticular disorder affecting sexual development characterized by bilateral ovotestes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Taek Kang
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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43
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Lee DS, Lee JH, Park JY, Lee SJ, Kim KJ, Kim EY, Son HY, Sohn SH, Woo JS, Kim MK. Histological and genetic characterization of true hermaphroditism in Korean pigs. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 75:203-6. [PMID: 23018792 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
True hermaphrodites are animals of equivocal sex in which both male and female gonads develop simultaneously in the same individual. The frequency of true hermaphroditism is relatively higher in pigs than in other domestic animals. Two Korean pigs were diagnosed with true hermaphroditism showing ovotestes, epididymides, a penis and uteri. The testicular tissues consisted of Sertoli cells that were devoid of spermatogenic cells and showed proliferation of interstitial cells. However, uteri looked normal and had well-developed endometrial glands. Samples showed the interpretation of 38, XX female karyotype and sex-determining region Y (SRY) gene expression was negative. These findings could be helpful to understand true porcine hermaphroditism for animal research as well as for the industry of Korean domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Soo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Altered cell cycle gene expression and apoptosis in post-implantation dog parthenotes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41256. [PMID: 22905100 PMCID: PMC3419697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature oocytes can be parthenogenetically activated by a variety of methods and the resulting embryos are valuable for studies of the respective roles of paternal and maternal genomes in early mammalian development. In the present study, we report the first successful development of parthenogenetic canine embryos to the post-implantation stage. Nine out of ten embryo transfer recipients became pregnant and successful in utero development of canine parthenotes was confirmed. For further evaluation of these parthenotes, their fetal development was compared with artificially inseminated controls and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were compared using ACP RT-PCR, histological analysis and immunohistochemistry. We found formation of the limb-bud and no obvious differences in histological appearance of the canine parthenote recovered before degeneration occurred; however canine parthenotes were developmentally delayed with different cell cycle regulating-, mitochondria-related and apoptosis-related gene expression patterns compared with controls. In conclusion, our protocols were suitable for activating canine oocytes artificially and supported early fetal development. We demonstrated that the developmental abnormalities in canine parthenotes may result from defective regulation of apoptosis and aberrant gene expression patterns, and provided evidence that canine parthenotes can be a useful tool for screening and for comparative studies of imprinted genes.
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Epigenetic reprogramming of Yak iSCNT embryos after donor cell pre-treatment with oocyte extracts. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 133:229-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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46
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Kim MJ, Oh HJ, Kim GA, Park JE, Park EJ, Jang G, Ra JC, Kang SK, Lee BC. Lessons Learned from Cloning Dogs. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47 Suppl 4:115-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Imsoonthornruksa S, Srirattana K, Phewsoi W, Tunwattana W, Parnpai R, Ketudat-Cairns M. Segregation of donor cell mitochondrial DNA in gaur-bovine interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos, fetuses and an offspring. Mitochondrion 2012; 12:506-13. [PMID: 22824460 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2012.07.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The fate of foreign mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) following somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is still controversial. In this study, we examined the transmission of the heteroplasmic mtDNA of gaur donor cells and recipient bovine oocytes to an offspring and aborted and mummified fetuses at various levels during the development of gaur-bovine interspecies SCNT (iSCNT) embryos. High levels of the donor cell mtDNA were found in various tissue samples but they did not have any beneficial effect to the survival of iSCNT offspring. However, the factors on mtDNA inheritance are unique for each iSCNT experiment and depend on the recipient oocyte and donor cell used, which might play an important role in the efficiency of iSCNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeth Imsoonthornruksa
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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48
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Zhang YL, Liu FJ, Zhuang YF, Wang XA, Zhai XW, Li HX, Hong ZY, Chen JJ, Zhong LC, Zhang WC. Blastocysts cloned from the Putian Black pig ear tissues frozen without cryoprotectant at -80 and -196 degrees Celsius for 3 yrs. Theriogenology 2012; 78:1166-70. [PMID: 22626772 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The Putian Black pig, as one of elite cultivars of endemic species in China, has been on the verge of extinction and urgently needs protection. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and noncryoprotected frozen tissue technology have successfully resurrected several mammalian species. Therefore, this study explored the primary feasibility of conserving this breed using a combination of both technologies. Skin tissues obtained from the ears of adult Putian Black boars were frozen without cryoprotectant at -20, -80, or -196 °C and stored for 3 yrs. Primary cell culture, passage and subculture were performed on frozen samples after being rapidly thawed at 39 °C and on fresh pig ear tissues (control). Cloned embryos were reconstructed using fibroblasts (from frozen and fresh tissues) with enucleated oocytes. Live cell lines were obtained from tissues frozen at -80 and at -196 °C and appeared to have normal proliferative activity after passage; furthermore, they directed cloned embryos to develop to the blastocyst stage after nuclear transfer. We concluded that the population of Putian Black pig might be increased in the future by transferring cloned blastocysts into synchronized recipient pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
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Development of interspecies cloned embryos reconstructed with rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) oocytes and cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) fibroblast cell nuclei. ZYGOTE 2012; 21:358-66. [PMID: 22475527 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199412000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (ISCNT) has been proposed as a technique to produce cloned offspring of endangered species as well as to investigate nucleus-cytoplasm interactions in mammalian embryo. However, it is still not known which embryo culture medium is optimal for ISCNT embryos for the nuclear donor or the oocyte recipient. We assessed the effects of the culture medium on the developmental competence of the ISCNT embryos by introducing cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) fibroblast nuclei into enucleated rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) oocytes (monkey-rabbit embryo). The monkey-rabbit ISCNT embryos that were cultured in mCMRL-1066 developed to the blastocyst stage, although all monkey-rabbit ISCNT embryos cultured in M199 were arrested by the 4-cell stage. When monkey-rabbit ISCNT and rabbit-rabbit somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos were cultured in mCMRL-1066, the blastocyst cell numbers of the monkey-rabbit ISCNT embryos corresponded to the cell numbers of the control rabbit-rabbit SCNT embryos, which were produced from a rabbit fibroblast nucleus and an enucleated rabbit oocyte. In addition, the presence of mitochondria, which were introduced with monkey fibroblasts into rabbit recipient cytoplasm, was confirmed up to the blastocyst stage by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This study demonstrated that: (1) rabbit oocytes can reprogramme cynomolgus monkey somatic cell nuclei, and support preimplantation development; (2) monkey-rabbit ISCNT embryos developed well in monkey culture medium at early embryonic developmental stages; (3) the cell number of monkey-rabbit ISCNT embryos is similar to that of rabbit-rabbit SCNT embryos; and (4) the mitochondrial fate of monkey-rabbit ISCNT embryos is heteroplasmic from the time just after injection to the blastocyst stage that has roots in both rabbit oocytes and monkey fibroblasts.
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Hong SG, Koo OJ, Oh HJ, Park JE, Kim M, Kim GA, Park EJ, Jang G, Lee BC. Post-mortem re-cloning of a transgenic red fluorescent protein dog. J Vet Sci 2011; 12:405-7. [PMID: 22122908 PMCID: PMC3232402 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2011.12.4.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the world's first transgenic dogs were produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer. However, cellular senescence is a major limiting factor for producing more advanced transgenic dogs. To overcome this obstacle, we rejuvenated transgenic cells using a re-cloning technique. Fibroblasts from post-mortem red fluorescent protein (RFP) dog were reconstructed with in vivo matured oocytes and transferred into 10 surrogate dogs. One puppy was produced and confirmed as a re-cloned dog. Although the puppy was lost during birth, we successfully established a rejuvenated fibroblast cell line from this animal. The cell line was found to stably express RFP and is ready for additional genetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Gun Hong
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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