1
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Price JM, Hisada Y, Hazeldine J, Bae-Jump V, Luther T, Mackman N, Harrison P. Detection of tissue factor-positive extracellular vesicles using the ExoView R100 system. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:100177. [PMID: 37333992 PMCID: PMC10276261 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue factor (TF) is essential for hemostasis. TF-expressing extracellular vesicles (TF+ EVs) are released in pathological conditions, such as trauma and cancer, and are linked to thrombosis. Detection of TF+ EV antigenically in plasma is challenging due to their low concentration but may be of clinical utility. Objectives We hypthesised that ExoView can allow for direct measurement of TF+ EV in plasma, antigenically. Methods We utilized the anti-TF monoclonal antibody 5G9 to capture TF EV onto specialized ExoView chips. This was combined with fluorescent TF+ EV detection using anti-TF monoclonal antibody IIID8-AF647. We measured tumor cell-derived (BxPC-3) TF+ EV and TF+ EVs from plasma derived from whole blood with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. We used this system to analyze TF+ EVs in 2 relevant clinical cohorts: trauma and ovarian cancer. We compared ExoView results with an EV TF activity assay. Results BxPC-3-derived TF+ EVs were identified with ExoView using 5G9 capture with IIID8-AF647 detection. 5G9 capture with IIID8-AF647 detection was significantly higher in LPS+ samples than in LPS samples and correlated with EV TF activity (R2 = 0.28). Trauma patient samples had higher levels of EV TF activity than healthy controls, but activity did not correlate with TF measurements made by ExoView (R2 = 0.15). Samples from patients with ovarian cancer have higher levels of EV TF activity than those from healthy controls, but activity did not correlate with TF measurement by ExoView (R2 = 0.0063). Conclusion TF+ EV measurement is possible in plasma, but the threshold and potential clinical applicability of ExoView R100, in this context, remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M.J. Price
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yohei Hisada
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jon Hazeldine
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas Luther
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul Harrison
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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2
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Esapa B, Jiang J, Cheung A, Chenoweth A, Thurston DE, Karagiannis SN. Target Antigen Attributes and Their Contributions to Clinically Approved Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) in Haematopoietic and Solid Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1845. [PMID: 36980732 PMCID: PMC10046624 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are powerful anti-cancer therapies comprising an antibody joined to a cytotoxic payload through a chemical linker. ADCs exploit the specificity of antibodies for their target antigens, combined with the potency of cytotoxic drugs, to selectively kill target antigen-expressing tumour cells. The recent rapid advancement of the ADC field has so far yielded twelve and eight ADCs approved by the US and EU regulatory bodies, respectively. These serve as effective targeted treatments for several haematological and solid tumour types. In the development of an ADC, the judicious choice of an antibody target antigen with high expression on malignant cells but restricted expression on normal tissues and immune cells is considered crucial to achieve selectivity and potency while minimising on-target off-tumour toxicities. Aside from this paradigm, the selection of an antigen for an ADC requires consideration of several factors relating to the expression pattern and biological features of the target antigen. In this review, we discuss the attributes of antigens selected as targets for antibodies used in clinically approved ADCs for the treatment of haematological and solid malignancies. We discuss target expression, functions, and cellular kinetics, and we consider how these factors might contribute to ADC efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamina Esapa
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jiexuan Jiang
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Anthony Cheung
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Cancer Centre, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Alicia Chenoweth
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Cancer Centre, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - David E. Thurston
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Cancer Centre, London SE1 9RT, UK
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3
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Zhu C, Liang Y, Luo Y, Ma X. Role of pyroptosis in hemostasis activation in sepsis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1114917. [PMID: 36756123 PMCID: PMC9899792 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1114917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is frequently associated with hemostasis activation and thrombus formation, and systematic hemostatic changes are associated with a higher risk of mortality. The key events underlying hemostasis activation during sepsis are the strong activation of innate immune pathways and the excessive inflammatory response triggered by invading pathogens. Pyroptosis is a proinflammatory form of programmed cell death, that defends against pathogens during sepsis. However, excessive pyroptosis can lead to a dysregulation of host immune responses and organ dysfunction. Recently, pyroptosis has been demonstrated to play a prominent role in hemostasis activation in sepsis. Several studies have demonstrated that pyroptosis participates in the release and coagulation activity of tissue factors. In addition, pyroptosis activates leukocytes, endothelial cells, platelets, which cooperate with the coagulation cascade, leading to hemostasis activation in sepsis. This review article attempts to interpret the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the hemostatic imbalance induced by pyroptosis during sepsis and discusses potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengrui Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yingjian Liang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yangtuo Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,*Correspondence: Yangtuo Luo, ; Xiaochun Ma,
| | - Xiaochun Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,*Correspondence: Yangtuo Luo, ; Xiaochun Ma,
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4
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Thakur S, Sharma V, Kaur D, Purkait P. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Insertion/Deletion (I/D) Polymorphism as a Conjoint Regulator of Coagulation, Fibrinolytic, and RAAS Pathway in Infertility and Associated Pregnancy Complications. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2022; 2022:1695769. [PMID: 36532100 PMCID: PMC9726265 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1695769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the increase in assisted reproductive technologies, the high rates of infertility and pregnancy complications are a major concern to infertility specialists worldwide. Infertility may be attributed to pregnancy complications like thrombophilia, preeclampsia and fibrin-induced recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) directly or indirectly causes preeclampsia and thrombophilia through the fibrinolytic pathway that ultimately leads to RPL or infertility. The underlying mechanisms of this interaction are still unclear. The present comprehensive review is intended to demonstrate the role and interaction of RAAS and fibrinolytic pathways in pregnancy complications. How this interaction can induce pregnancy complications, and ultimately infertility, is also discussed in the light of current evidence. This study also presents common markers that link RAAS and fibrinolytic processes in developing thrombophilia, preeclampsia and RPL. The common link in these pathways is ACE gene I/D polymorphism. Apart from ACE, PAI-1, VIIa, XIIa, AT1R, AT1AA, and TF are common molecules that can delineate the underlying causes of pregnancy complications and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Thakur
- Origin LIFE Healthcare Solutions & Research Centre LLP, Chandigarh PIN-160036, India
| | - Vaishnavi Sharma
- Postgraduate Government College for Girls, Sector-42, Chandigarh, India
| | - Dipneet Kaur
- Origin LIFE Healthcare Solutions & Research Centre LLP, Chandigarh PIN-160036, India
| | - Pulakes Purkait
- Origin LIFE Healthcare Solutions & Research Centre LLP, Chandigarh PIN-160036, India
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5
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Gawish R, Maier B, Obermayer G, Watzenboeck ML, Gorki AD, Quattrone F, Farhat A, Lakovits K, Hladik A, Korosec A, Alimohammadi A, Mesteri I, Oberndorfer F, Oakley F, Brain J, Boon L, Lang I, Binder CJ, Knapp S. A neutrophil-B-cell axis impacts tissue damage control in a mouse model of intraabdominal bacterial infection via Cxcr4. eLife 2022; 11:e78291. [PMID: 36178806 PMCID: PMC9525059 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by uncontrolled systemic inflammation and coagulation, leading to multiorgan failure. Therapeutic options to prevent sepsis-associated immunopathology remain scarce. Here, we established a mouse model of long-lasting disease tolerance during severe sepsis, manifested by diminished immunothrombosis and organ damage in spite of a high pathogen burden. We found that both neutrophils and B cells emerged as key regulators of tissue integrity. Enduring changes in the transcriptional profile of neutrophils include upregulated Cxcr4 expression in protected, tolerant hosts. Neutrophil Cxcr4 upregulation required the presence of B cells, suggesting that B cells promoted disease tolerance by improving tissue damage control via the suppression of neutrophils' tissue-damaging properties. Finally, therapeutic administration of a Cxcr4 agonist successfully promoted tissue damage control and prevented liver damage during sepsis. Our findings highlight the importance of a critical B-cell/neutrophil interaction during sepsis and establish neutrophil Cxcr4 activation as a potential means to promote disease tolerance during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riem Gawish
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Barbara Maier
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Georg Obermayer
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Martin L Watzenboeck
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Anna-Dorothea Gorki
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Federica Quattrone
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Asma Farhat
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Karin Lakovits
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Anastasiya Hladik
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Ana Korosec
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Arman Alimohammadi
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Ildiko Mesteri
- Department of Pathology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Fiona Oakley
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
| | - John Brain
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Irene Lang
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
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6
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Inhibition of protein disulfide isomerase with PACMA-31 regulates monocyte tissue factor through transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. Thromb Res 2022; 220:48-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Basak S, Banerjee A, Pathak S, Duttaroy AK. Dietary Fats and the Gut Microbiota: Their impacts on lipid-induced metabolic syndrome. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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8
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Østerud B, Latysheva N, Schoergenhofer C, Jilma B, Hansen JB, Snir O. A rapid, sensitive, and specific assay to measure TF activity based on chromogenic determination of thrombin generation. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:866-876. [PMID: 34822223 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most tissue factor (TF) activity assays are based on measurement of factor X (FX) activation by TF in the presence of factor VII (FVII)/FVIIa. This requires long incubation, which may result in TF-independent activity of FX and inaccurate measurement of TF activity. AIM To develop a sensitive and specific TF activity assay, which does not register a non-specific TF activity, using commercial coagulation factors. METHODS Tissue factor activity was measured based on the ability of TF to accelerate the activation of FX by FVIIa in the presence of factor V (FV)/Va, prothrombin, and phospholipids. Following 4 min incubation at 37°C, TF activity was quantified in test samples of different nature by thrombin generation using a chromogenic substrate. RESULTS The TF activity assay proved high sensitivity (low fM range) and specificity, assessed by neutralization of TF activity by anti-TF antibody and the use of FVIIai. TF activity was detected in extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from HAP1-TF+cells, while no activity was measured in EVs from HAP1-TF/KO cells. The assay was applicable for measurement of TF activity on the surface of live endothelial cells and monocytes activated in vitro, and cell lysates. Infusion of low dose lipopolysaccharide (2 ng/kg bodyweight endotoxin) caused a transient 8-fold increase (peaked at 4 h) in TF activity in EVs isolated from plasma of healthy volunteers. CONCLUSION Our assay provides a fast, sensitive, and specific measurement of TF activity. It reliably quantifies TF activity on cell surface, cell lysate, and isolated EVs. The assay can be used for laboratory and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjarne Østerud
- Thrombosis Research Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nadezhda Latysheva
- Thrombosis Research Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - John-Bjarne Hansen
- Thrombosis Research Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Omri Snir
- Thrombosis Research Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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9
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Landgrebe LE, Andersen V, Bang C, Moitinho-Silva L, Schwarz H, Juhl CB, Bladbjerg EM. High-fat meals do not affect thrombin formation and fibrin clot lysis in individuals with obesity during intentional weight loss. Nutr Res 2021; 97:1-10. [PMID: 34922120 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Repeated weight loss cycles are associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity. Meal-induced thrombin formation, measured as prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), is observed in individuals with overweight after weight loss, and postprandial effects can be one of the mechanisms underlying harmful effects during intentional weight loss. We hypothesize that consumption of high-fat meals during intentional weight loss triggers a prothrombotic state by increasing postprandial F1+2 or decreasing fibrin clot lysis in individuals with obesity, and that the response associates with the gut bacteria composition. A cross-over meal study was conducted in patients admitted to bariatric surgery during dietary weight loss (N = 20) and surgical weight loss (N = 16) (weight loss groups). High-fat (67 E%) and low-fat (16 E%) meals were served at 08:15 and 10:00 on 2 study days. Blood samples collected at 08:00 (fasting), 12:00, and 14:00 were analyzed for triglycerides, activated factor VII (FVIIa), F1+2, D-dimer, fibrinogen, tissue factor , and fibrin clot lysis. The proportion of Gram-negative bacteria and bacterial diversity were analyzed in fecal samples obtained less than 24 hours before the meal test. Triglyceride and FVIIa increased after high-fat meals in both weight loss groups, whereas D-dimer (dietary group) and F1+2 decreased and tissue factor and fibrin clot lysis did not change. There was a negative association between the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria and changes in FVIIa in the surgery group. Postprandial FVII activation after high-fat meals is not accompanied by increased F1+2, irrespective of the weight loss intervention, but might be associated with the proportion of Gram-negative gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line E Landgrebe
- Unit for Thrombosis Research, Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark; Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark; Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark; Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark; Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lucas Moitinho-Silva
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Herbert Schwarz
- Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products GmbH, 35041 Marburg, Germany
| | - Claus B Juhl
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark; Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Denmark
| | - Else-Marie Bladbjerg
- Unit for Thrombosis Research, Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark; Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark
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10
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Ebihara T, Matsumoto H, Matsubara T, Matsuura H, Hirose T, Shimizu K, Ogura H, Kang S, Tanaka T, Shimazu T. Adipocytokine Profile Reveals Resistin Forming a Prognostic-Related Cytokine Network in the Acute Phase of Sepsis. Shock 2021; 56:718-726. [PMID: 33606478 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytokines compose a network and play crucial roles in the pathogenesis and prognosis of sepsis. Adipose tissue is an important immune endocrine organ that releases adipocytokines. This study aimed to evaluate adipocytokines in sepsis from a network perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study of 37 patients with sepsis and 12 healthy controls was conducted from February 2014 to July 2015. Blood samples were collected from patients on days 1 (within 24 h of diagnosis), 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, and 15 and from healthy controls. Adipocytokines (adiponectin, leptin, resistin, chemerin, visfatin, vaspin, CXCL-12/SDF-1, angiotensinogen), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein [MCP-1]), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were measured. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was evaluated on day 1, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and Japanese Association for Acute Medicine (JAAM) and International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis overt disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) scores were assessed at the times of blood sampling. RESULTS Hierarchical clustering analysis showed the cluster formed by resistin, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and IL-10 on days 1, 2, and 4 represented the cytokine network throughout the acute phase of sepsis. Each cytokine in this network was significantly associated with SOFA and JAAM DIC scores over the acute phase. A Cox proportional hazards model focusing on the acute phase showed a significant relation of these five cytokines with patient prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Adipocytokines and an inflammatory cytokine profile assessed over time in sepsis patients showed that resistin was involved in an inflammatory cytokine network including IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and MCP-1 in the acute phase of sepsis, and this network was associated with severity and prognosis of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ebihara
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisatake Matsumoto
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsunehiro Matsubara
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuura
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hirose
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shimizu
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogura
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sujin Kang
- Department of Immune Regulation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Medical Affairs Bureau, Osaka Habikino Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimazu
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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11
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The Role of Coagulation and Complement Factors for Mast Cell Activation in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071759. [PMID: 34359930 PMCID: PMC8306267 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common skin disorder characterized by an almost daily recurrence of wheal and flare with itch for more than 6 weeks, in association with the release of stored inflammatory mediators, such as histamine, from skin mast cells and/or peripheral basophils. The involvement of the extrinsic coagulation cascade triggered by tissue factor (TF) and complement factors, such as C3a and C5a, has been implied in the pathogenesis of CSU. However, it has been unclear how the TF-triggered coagulation pathway and complement factors induce the activation of skin mast cells and peripheral basophils in patients with CSU. In this review, we focus on the role of vascular endothelial cells, leukocytes, extrinsic coagulation factors and complement components on TF-induced activation of skin mast cells and peripheral basophils followed by the edema formation clinically recognized as urticaria. These findings suggest that medications targeting activated coagulation factors and/or complement components may represent new and effective treatments for patients with severe and refractory CSU.
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12
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Laval K, Poelaert KCK, Van Cleemput J, Zhao J, Vandekerckhove AP, Gryspeerdt AC, Garré B, van der Meulen K, Baghi HB, Dubale HN, Zarak I, Van Crombrugge E, Nauwynck HJ. The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:662686. [PMID: 33746936 PMCID: PMC7970122 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.662686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is an alphaherpesvirus related to pseudorabies virus (PRV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). This virus is one of the major pathogens affecting horses worldwide. EHV-1 is responsible for respiratory disorders, abortion, neonatal foal death and equine herpes myeloencephalopathy (EHM). Over the last decade, EHV-1 has received growing attention due to the frequent outbreaks of abortions and/or EHM causing serious economical losses to the horse industry worldwide. To date, there are no effective antiviral drugs and current vaccines do not provide full protection against EHV-1-associated diseases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis of EHV-1 in order to develop effective therapies. The main objective of this review is to provide state-of-the-art information on the pathogenesis of EHV-1. We also highlight recent findings on EHV-1 immune evasive strategies at the level of the upper respiratory tract, blood circulation and endothelium of target organs allowing the virus to disseminate undetected in the host. Finally, we discuss novel approaches for drug development based on our current knowledge of the pathogenesis of EHV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathlyn Laval
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Katrien C K Poelaert
- Division of Virology, Department Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jolien Van Cleemput
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jing Zhao
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Hossein B Baghi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Haileleul N Dubale
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Ines Zarak
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Eline Van Crombrugge
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hans J Nauwynck
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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13
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Sluka SHM, Stämpfli SF, Akhmedov A, Rodewald TK, Sanz-Moreno A, Horsch M, Grest P, Rothmeier AS, Rathkolb B, Schrewe A, Beckers J, Neff F, Wolf E, Camici GG, Fuchs H, Durner VG, de Angelis MH, Lüscher TF, Ruf W, Tanner FC. Murine tissue factor disulfide mutation causes a bleeding phenotype with sex specific organ pathology and lethality. Haematologica 2020; 105:2484-2495. [PMID: 33054088 PMCID: PMC7556672 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.218818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor is highly expressed in sub-endothelial tissue. The extracellular allosteric disulfide bond Cys186-Cys209 of human tissue factor shows high evolutionary conservation and in vitro evidence suggests that it significantly contributes to tissue factor procoagulant activity. To investigate the role of this allosteric disulfide bond in vivo, we generated a C213G mutant tissue factor mouse by replacing Cys213 of the corresponding disulfide Cys190-Cys213 in murine tissue factor. A bleeding phenotype was prominent in homozygous C213G tissue factor mice. Pre-natal lethality of 1/3rd of homozygous offspring was observed between E9.5 and E14.5 associated with placental hemorrhages. After birth, homozygous mice suffered from bleedings in different organs and reduced survival. Homozygous C213G tissue factor male mice showed higher incidence of lung bleedings and lower survival rates than females. In both sexes, C213G mutation evoked a reduced protein expression (about 10-fold) and severely reduced pro-coagulant activity (about 1000-fold). Protein glycosylation was impaired and cell membrane exposure decreased in macrophages in vivo. Single housing of homozygous C213G tissue factor males reduced the occurrence of severe bleeding and significantly improved survival, suggesting that inter-male aggressiveness might significantly account for the sex differences. These experiments show that the tissue factor allosteric disulfide bond is of crucial importance for normal in vivo expression, post-translational processing and activity of murine tissue factor. Although C213G tissue factor mice do not display the severe embryonic lethality of tissue factor knock-out mice, their postnatal bleeding phenotype emphasizes the importance of fully functional tissue factor for hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon F. Stämpfli
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Cardiology Division, Heart Center, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Akhmedov
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Klein Rodewald
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München and German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Adrián Sanz-Moreno
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München and German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marion Horsch
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München and German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Paula Grest
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea S. Rothmeier
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München and German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anja Schrewe
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München and German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München and German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Frauke Neff
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München and German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Giovanni G. Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München and German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus Durner
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München and German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München and German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Felix C. Tanner
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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Landgrebe LE, Juhl CB, Andersen V, Moitinho-Silva L, Bang C, Bladbjerg EM. Postprandial factor VII activation does not increase plasma concentrations of prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 in patients with morbid obesity. Thromb Res 2020; 196:260-267. [PMID: 32920297 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased postprandial factor VII activation is observed after high-fat meals, but is not accompanied by thrombin formation in normal weight individuals. Obesity is associated with a higher circulating concentration of tissue factor (TF) and postprandial uptake of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and this may increase thrombin formation after high-fat meals. We therefore compared postprandial effects of high-fat meals and low-fat meals on biomarkers of coagulation activation in patients with morbid obesity and investigated whether the response was associated with the gut bacteria composition. MATERIALS AND METHODS A controlled cross-over study was conducted in obese patients (15 women, 5 men, mean BMI = 44.1 kg/m2), where high-fat meals (67 E% fat) and low-fat meals (16 E% fat) were served at 8:15 and 10:00 in a random order on two study days within one week. Blood samples were collected at 08:00 (fasting), 12:00, and 14:00 and analysed for triglycerides, activated FVII (FVIIa), TF, FVIIa-antithrombin (FVIIa-AT), prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1+2), and TF pathway inhibitor (TFPI). The gut bacteria composition, measured as gram-negative bacteria and diversity, was analysed in faecal samples. RESULTS Triglycerides, FVIIa, and FVIIa-AT increased significantly after high-fat meals, whereas F1 + 2 decreased equally and significantly over time after both meals. There were no significant changes in TF and TFPI over time. The postprandial changes in F1 + 2 and TFPI after high-fat meals were negatively correlated with diversity. CONCLUSIONS Increased postprandial FVIIa is not accompanied by thrombin formation four hours after high-fat meals in patients with morbid obesity, possibly due to FVIIa-inhibition by AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Espenhain Landgrebe
- Unit for Thrombosis Research, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark; Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; OPEN, Odense Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Claus Bogh Juhl
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark; Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Lucas Moitinho-Silva
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Else Marie Bladbjerg
- Unit for Thrombosis Research, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark; Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
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Amelioration of Coagulation Disorders and Inflammation by Hydrogen-Rich Solution Reduces Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats through NF- κB/NLRP3 Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:4359305. [PMID: 32587471 PMCID: PMC7303760 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4359305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury often causes inflammatory responses and coagulation disorders, which is further promoting the deterioration of the disease. Hydrogen has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic properties against various diseases. However, the effect of hydrogen on coagulation dysfunction after intestinal I/R and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore whether hydrogen-rich solution (HRS) could attenuate coagulation disorders and inflammation to improve intestinal injury and poor survival following intestinal I/R. The rat model of intestinal I/R injury was established by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 90 min and reperfusion for 2 h. HRS (10 or 20 mL/kg) or 20 mL/kg 0.9% normal saline was intravenously injected at 10 min before reperfusion, respectively. The samples were harvested at 2 h after reperfusion for further analyses. Moreover, the survival rate was observed for 24 h. The results showed that HRS improved the survival rate and alleviated serum diamine oxidase activities, intestinal injury, edema, and apoptosis. Interestingly, HRS markedly improved intestinal I/R-mediated coagulation disorders as evidenced by abnormal conventional indicators of coagulation and thromboelastography. Additionally, HRS attenuated inflammatory responses and the elevated tissue factor (TF) and inhibited nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) and nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, inflammatory factors and myeloperoxidase were closely associated with TF level. This study thus emphasized upon the amelioration of coagulation disorders and inflammation by HRS as a mechanism to improve intestinal I/R-induced intestinal injury and poor survival, which might be partially related to inhibition of NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.
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Gangaraju R, Song J, Kim SJ, Tashi T, Reeves BN, Sundar KM, Thiagarajan P, Prchal JT. Thrombotic, inflammatory, and HIF-regulated genes and thrombosis risk in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia. Blood Adv 2020; 4:1115-1130. [PMID: 32203583 PMCID: PMC7094018 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET). The pathophysiology of thrombosis in these disorders remains unclear, and we hypothesized that upregulation of thrombotic, inflammatory, and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-regulated genes may play a role in it. We performed unbiased RNA sequencing in granulocytes and platelets of PV patients and found differential expression of several thrombotic, inflammatory, and HIF-regulated genes. The expression of many of these genes positively correlated with JAK2 expression and JAK2V617F allelic burden. We then validated these findings by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses of selected gene transcripts in a larger number of PV and ET granulocytes and platelets (58 patients) and in 28 controls, and we compared these findings in patients with and without thrombosis. The study included 29 females and 29 males; of these, 28 had a history of thrombosis. We found that transcripts of several selected genes were upregulated in patients with PV or ET compared with controls. In granulocytes, the expression levels of F3, SELP, VEGFA, and SLC2A1 were significantly higher in patients with a history of thrombosis compared with those who did not have thrombosis. Patients with a history of thrombosis have significantly higher expression of IL1RAP (P < .05) in platelets compared with those without thrombosis. Our study confirms the presence of a thrombo-inflammatory state and augmented HIF activity in PV and ET and its role in thrombosis. These data may provide the background for targeted therapies in PV and ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Gangaraju
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jihyun Song
- Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Soo Jin Kim
- Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Tsewang Tashi
- Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Brandi N Reeves
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Krishna M Sundar
- Division of Pulmonology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Perumal Thiagarajan
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and
| | - Josef T Prchal
- Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT
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p38/TF/HIF- α Signaling Pathway Participates in the Progression of CIPN in Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5347804. [PMID: 31380428 PMCID: PMC6652066 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5347804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a serious adverse effect of chemotherapeutics with limited pathogenetic mechanism been known. Whether microcirculatory disturbance is involved in CIPN has not been reported. Considering that tissue factor (TF) is an endogenous coagulation factor, we hypothesize CIPN may be induced by the high expression of TF in macrophages and sciatic nerve, which induces the molecular signal related to ischemia and hypoxia. Oxaliplatin (L-OHP) was used to establish CIPN model. Von Frey Hairs was used to measure nociception. The murine macrophage cell line Raw 264.7 was used for cell experiments. Gelatin zymography and western blotting were used to measure the activity or expression of protein. TF expression and MMP-9/2 activity in sciatic nerve and blood are significantly increased by L-OHP. L-OHP increased the release of HSP70 from macrophage and enhanced the expression of p-p38 and HIF-1α in vivo and in vitro. Hirudin significantly suppressed the overexpression of p38, HIF-1α and activation of MMP-9/2 induced by L-OHP and attenuated CIPN in mice. This study suggests that a novel HSP70-TLR-4-p38-TF-HIF-1a axis may play a pivotal role in the pathological process of CIPN. It is also shown that the use of anticoagulant Hirudin can inhibit the above mechanisms and improve CIPN.
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18
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Role of TF-Triggered Activation of the Coagulation Cascade in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-018-0183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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19
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Matsumoto H, Ogura H, Shimizu K, Ikeda M, Hirose T, Matsuura H, Kang S, Takahashi K, Tanaka T, Shimazu T. The clinical importance of a cytokine network in the acute phase of sepsis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13995. [PMID: 30228372 PMCID: PMC6143513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains a major cause of death. Cytokines interact closely with each other and play a crucial role in the progression of sepsis. We focussed on the associations of a cytokine network with prognosis and disease severities in sepsis. This retrospective study included 31 patients with sepsis and 13 healthy controls. Blood samples were collected from patients on days 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 11 and 15 and from healthy controls. Levels of PAI-1, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-17A, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-4 and IL-10 were measured. SOFA, JAAM DIC and ISTH DIC scores were evaluated at the same times blood samples were taken. Network analysis revealed a network formed by PAI-1, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and IL-10 on days 1, 2 and 4 throughout the acute phase of sepsis. There were positive correlations of each cytokine and the combined score (IL-6 + IL-8 + IL-10 + MCP-1) with the SOFA, JAAM DIC and ISTH DIC scores throughout the acute phase. A Cox proportional hazards model focussed on the acute phase showed that the above combined score was significantly related with patient prognosis, suggesting that the cytokine network of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and IL-10 could play a pivotal role in the acute phase of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisatake Matsumoto
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ogura
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shimizu
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Ikeda
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hirose
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuura
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sujin Kang
- Department of Clinical Application of Biologics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kanae Takahashi
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Application of Biologics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimazu
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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20
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Peters AL, Vlaar APJ, van Bruggen R, de Korte D, Meijers JCM, Nieuwland R, Juffermans NP. Transfusion of autologous extracellular vesicles from stored red blood cells does not affect coagulation in a model of human endotoxemia. Transfusion 2018; 58:1486-1493. [PMID: 29577324 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion has been related to thromboembolic events. Microvesicles in the RBC product may support coagulation because they have procoagulant effects in vitro. We investigated whether transfusion of RBCs containing extracellular vesicles promotes coagulation in human recipients. As transfusion is mostly administered to ill patients, we used a model of endotoxemia. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Eighteen healthy volunteers were randomized to receive either saline or fresh (2 days stored) or stored autologous (35 days stored) RBC transfusion (Dutch Trial Register: NTR4455). Two hours after infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, from Escherichia coli, 2 ng/kg body weight), subjects received either saline or fresh or stored RBCs. Blood was sampled every 2 hours up to 8 hours after LPS infusion. Vesicles were measured with a flow cytometer (A50-Micro, Apogee Flow Systems). RESULTS LPS resulted in increased thrombin generation compared to baseline. During storage, the total number of extracellular vesicles increased from 1.4 × 108 /mL (interquartile range [IQR], 8.3 × 107 -1.9 × 108 /mL) in the fresh product to 1.7 × 1010 /mL (IQR, 7.9 × 109 -2.3 × 1010 /mL; p < 0.01) in the stored product (p < 0.001). Vesicles appeared to be mostly RBC derived. CONCLUSION After transfusion, extracellular vesicles from stored RBC products, but not from fresh products, could be detected in the circulation of healthy volunteers. However, infusion of stored RBC extracellular vesicles did not augment thrombin generation compared to endotoxemic controls. Also, levels of d-dimer and thrombin-antithrombin complex were unaffected. In conclusion, transfusion of autologous RBCs containing high levels of extracellular vesicles does not enhance coagulation in human volunteers with endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Peters
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesia, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander P J Vlaar
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesia, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin van Bruggen
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk de Korte
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Product and Process Development, Sanquin Blood Bank, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost C M Meijers
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory for Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole P Juffermans
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesia, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Clinical Significance of Tissue Factor and CD13 Double-Positive Microparticles in Sirs Patients with Trauma and Severe Sepsis. Shock 2018; 47:409-415. [PMID: 27753793 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Activated immune cells such as monocytes are key factors in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) following trauma and sepsis. Activated monocytes induce almost all tissue factor (TF) expression contributing to inflammation and coagulation. TF and CD13 double-positive microparticles (TF/CD13MPs) are predominantly released from these activated monocytes. This study aimed to evaluate TF/CD13MPs and assess their usefulness as a biomarker of pathogenesis in early SIRS following trauma and sepsis. This prospective study comprising 24 trauma patients, 25 severe sepsis patients, and 23 healthy controls was conducted from November 2012 to February 2015. Blood samples were collected from patients within 24 h after injury and diagnosis of severe sepsis and from healthy controls. Numbers of TF/CD13MPs were measured by flow cytometry immediately thereafter. Injury Severity Score (ISS) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores were calculated at patient enrollment. APACHE II and SOFA scores and International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) overt disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) diagnostic criteria algorithm were calculated at the time of enrollment of severe sepsis patients. Numbers of TF/CD13MPs were significantly increased in both trauma and severe sepsis patients versus controls and correlated significantly with ISS and APACHE II score in trauma patients and with APACHE II and ISTH DIC scores in severe sepsis patients. Increased numbers of TF/CD13MPs correlated significantly with severities in the acute phase in trauma and severe sepsis patients, suggesting that TF/CD13MPs are important in the pathogenesis of early SIRS following trauma and sepsis.
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22
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Sabbione AC, Luna-Vital D, Scilingo A, Añón MC, González de Mejía E. Amaranth peptides decreased the activity and expression of cellular tissue factor on LPS activated THP-1 human monocytes. Food Funct 2018; 9:3823-3834. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00323h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory activity of amaranth peptides is linked for the first time with their antithrombotic activity. Inhibition of tissue factor expression and the NF-κB pathway was observed after treatment with the peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Sabbione
- Food Science and Human Nutrition
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA)
| | - Diego Luna-Vital
- Food Science and Human Nutrition
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Adriana Scilingo
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA)
- La Plata
- Argentina
| | - María Cristina Añón
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA)
- La Plata
- Argentina
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23
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Bokemeyer C, Langer F. Crosstalk between cancer and haemostasis. Hamostaseologie 2017; 32:95-104. [DOI: 10.5482/ha-1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryCancer is characterized by bidirectional interrelations between tumour progression, coagulation activation, and inflammation. Tissue factor (TF), the principal initiator of the coagulation protease cascade, is centrally positioned in this complex triangular network due to its pleiotropic effects in haemostasis, angiogenesis, and haematogenous metastasis. While formation of macroscopic thrombi is the correlate of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE), a major healthcare burden in clinical haematology and oncology, microvascular thrombosis appears to be critically important to blood-borne tumour cell dissemination. In this regard, expression of TF in malignant tissues as well as shedding of TFbearing microparticles into the circulation are thought to be regulated by defined genetic events relevant to pathological cancer progression, thus directly linking Trousseau’s syndrome to molecular tumourigenesis.Because pharmacological inhibition of the TF pathway in selective tumour types and patient subgroups would be in line with the modern concept of individualized, targeted anti-cancer therapy, this review will focus on the role of TF in tumour biology and cancer-associated VTE.
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Gao C, Yang X, Li J, Wang W, Hou J, Li H, Tan X, Shi J, Fu Y, Zhou J. Role of erythrocytes and platelets in the hypercoagulable status in polycythemia vera through phosphatidylserine exposure and microparticle generation. Thromb Haemost 2017; 109:1025-32. [DOI: 10.1160/th12-11-0811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
SummaryThe development of thrombosis in polycythaemia vera (PV) involves multifactorial processes including pathological activation of blood cells. Release of microparticles (MPs) by activated cells in diseases is associated with thrombotic risk, but relatively few data are available in PV. The aim of the present study was to investigate the increase in MP release and exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the outer membrane of MP-origin cells in patients with PV, and to analyse their procoagulant activity (PCA). PS-positive MPs and cells were detected by flow cytometry, while PCA was assessed with clotting time and purified coagulation complex assays. We found that PV patients had elevated circulating lactadherin+ MPs, which mostly originating from erythrocytes, platelets, granulocytes, and endothelial cells, as well as increased PS exposing erythrocytes/platelets as compared to secondary polycythaemia patients or healthy controls. These PS-bearing MPs and cells were highly procoagulant. Moreover, lactadherin competed factor V and VIII to PS and inhibited about 90% of the detected PCA in a dose-response manner while anti-TF antibody did no significant inhibition. Treatment with hydroxyurea is associated with a decrease in PS exposure and lactadherin+ MP release of erythrocytes/platelets. Our data demonstrate that PV patients are characterised by increased circulating procoagulant MPs and PS exposing erythrocytes/platelets, which could contribute to the hypercoagulable state in these patients.
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Hernández C, Orbe J, Roncal C, Alvarez-Hernandez M, de Lizarrondo SM, Alves MT, Mata JG, Páramo JA. Tissue factor expressed by microparticles is associated with mortality but not with thrombosis in cancer patients. Thromb Haemost 2017; 110:598-608. [DOI: 10.1160/th13-02-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SummaryA prothrombotic state is one of the hallmarks of malignancy and a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Tissue factor (TF) is often overexpressed in malignancy and is a prime candidate in predicting the hypercoagulable state. Moreover, increased number of TF-exposing microparticles (MPs) in cancer patients may contribute to venous thromboembolism (VTE). We have conducted a prospective cohort study to determine whether elevated TF antigen, TF activity and TF associated to MPs (MPs-TF) are predictive of VTE and mortality in cancer patients. The studied population consisted of 252 cancer patients and 36 healthy controls. TF antigen and activity and MPs-TF were determined by ELISA and chromogenic assays. During a median follow-up of 10 months, 40 thrombotic events were recorded in 34 patients (13.5%), and 73 patients (28.9%) died. TF antigen and activity were significantly higher in patients than in controls (p<0.01) mainly in patients with advanced stages, whereas no differences were observed for TF activity of isolated MPs. We did not find a statistically significant association of TF variables with the risk of VTE. Multivariate analysis adjusting for age, sex, type of cancer and other confounding variables showed that TF activity (p<0.01) and MPs-TF activity (p<0.05) were independently associated with mortality. In conclusion, while TF variables were not associated with future VTE in cancer patients, we found a strong association of TF and MPs-TF activity with mortality, thus suggesting they might be good prognostic markers in cancer patients.
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Comparison of tissue factor expression and activity in foetal and adult endothelial cells. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2017; 28:452-459. [DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Gravastrand C, Hamad S, Fure H, Steinkjer B, Ryan L, Oberholzer J, Lambris JD, Lacík I, Mollnes TE, Espevik T, Brekke OL, Rokstad AM. Alginate microbeads are coagulation compatible, while alginate microcapsules activate coagulation secondary to complement or directly through FXII. Acta Biomater 2017; 58:158-167. [PMID: 28576714 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alginate microspheres are presently under evaluation for future cell-based therapy. Their ability to induce harmful host reactions needs to be identified for developing the most suitable devices and efficient prevention strategies. We used a lepirudin based human whole blood model to investigate the coagulation potentials of alginate-based microspheres: alginate microbeads (Ca/Ba Beads), alginate poly-l-lysine microcapsules (APA and AP microcapsules) and sodium alginate-sodium cellulose sulfate-poly(methylene-co-cyanoguanidine) microcapsules (PMCG microcapsules). Coagulation activation measured by prothrombin fragments 1+2 (PTF1.2) was rapidly and markedly induced by the PMCG microcapsules, delayed and lower induced by the APA and AP microcapsules, and not induced by the Ca/Ba Beads. Monocytes tissue factor (TF) expression was similarly activated by the microcapsules, whereas not by the Ca/Ba Beads. PMCG microcapsules-induced PTF1.2 was abolished by FXII inhibition (corn trypsin inhibitor), thus pointing to activation through the contact pathway. PTF1.2 induced by the AP and APA microcapsules was inhibited by anti-TF antibody, pointing to a TF driven coagulation. The TF induced coagulation was inhibited by the complement inhibitors compstatin (C3 inhibition) and eculizumab (C5 inhibition), revealing a complement-coagulation cross-talk. This is the first study on the coagulation potentials of alginate microspheres, and identifies differences in activation potential, pathways and possible intervention points. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Alginate microcapsules are prospective candidate materials for cell encapsulation therapy. The material surface must be free of host cell adhesion to ensure free diffusion of nutrition and oxygen to the encapsulated cells. Coagulation activation is one gateway to cellular overgrowth through deposition of fibrin. Herein we used a physiologically relevant whole blood model to investigate the coagulation potential of alginate microcapsules and microbeads. The coagulation potentials and the pathways of activation were depending on the surface properties of the materials. Activation of the complement system could also be involved, thus emphasizing a complement-coagulation cross-talk. Our findings points to complement and coagulation inhibition as intervention point for preventing host reactions, and enhance functional cell-encapsulation devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gravastrand
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Shamal Hamad
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodø, Norway
| | - Hilde Fure
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodø, Norway
| | - Bjørg Steinkjer
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Liv Ryan
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Josè Oberholzer
- Department of Surgery/Division of Transplantation, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Igor Lacík
- Department for Biomaterials Research, Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodø, Norway; Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje Espevik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ole-Lars Brekke
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodø, Norway; Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne Mari Rokstad
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Clinic of Surgery, Centre for Obesity, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Norway.
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Prager O, Friedman A, Nebenzahl YM. Role of neural barriers in the pathogenesis and outcome of Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:799-809. [PMID: 28450902 PMCID: PMC5403536 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis is an inflammatory disease of the meninges of the central nervous system (CNS). Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae are the major bacterial pathogens causing meningitis with S. pneumoniae being responsible for two thirds of meningitis cases in the developed world. To reach the CNS following nasopharyngeal colonization and bacteraemia, the bacteria traverse from the circulation across the blood brain barrier (BBB) and choroid plexus. While the BBB has a protective role in healthy individuals by shielding the CNS from neurotoxic substances circulating in the blood and maintaining the homeostasis within the brain environment, dysfunction of the BBB is associated with the pathophysiology of numerous neurologic disorders, including bacterial meningitis. Inflammatory processes, including release of a broad range of cytokines and free radicals, further increase vascular permeability and contribute to the excessive neural damage observed. Injury to the cerebral microvasculature and loss of blood flow auto-regulation promote increased intracranial pressure and may lead to vascular occlusion. Other common complications commonly associated with meningitis include abnormal neuronal hyper-excitability (e.g., seizures) and loss of hearing. Despite the existence of antibiotic treatment and adjuvant therapy, the relatively high mortality rate and the severe outcomes among survivors of pneumococcal meningitis in developing and developed countries increase the urgency in the requirement of discovering novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis as well as novel treatment approaches. The present review aimed to explore the changes in the brain vascular barriers, which allow S. pneumoniae to invade the CNS, and describe the resultant brain injuries following bacterial meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Prager
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of The Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel.,Cognitive & Brain Sciences, The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of The Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Alon Friedman
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of The Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel.,Cognitive & Brain Sciences, The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of The Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.,Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Yaffa Mizrachi Nebenzahl
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of The Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
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Spiezia L, Campello E, Valle FD, Woodhams B, Simioni P. Factor VIIa-antithrombin complex: a possible new biomarker for activated coagulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 55:484-488. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2016-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe activation of the extrinsic coagulation pathway occurs after endothelial injury when the tissue factor (TF), a transmembrane protein located outside the vasculature, binds factor VII (FVII) or activated FVII (FVIIa). Once formed, the TF-VIIa complex activates both factor IX and X and initiates the coagulation process. The TF-VIIa complex is inhibited by both TF pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and antithrombin (AT). The interaction between TF-VIIa and AT induces FVIIa-AT complex formation, which is released into the plasma. Because AT reacts with FVIIa only when it is bound to TF, the circulating levels of FVIIa-AT reflect the degree of exposure of TF to blood. Preliminary clinical studies have shown higher plasma levels of FVIIa-AT complex both in patients with a prior arterial or venous thrombotic event. Increased plasma levels of FVIIa-AT have also been reported in a number of other prothrombotic conditions – antiphospholipid antibodies, solid and hematological malignancies, pre-eclampsia (PE), obesity and cardiac surgery. However, most of the studies published so far are retrospective and with a limited sample size. Larger prospective clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings and to assess the prognostic role of this possible new biomarker for activated coagulation.
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30
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Woei-A-Jin FJSH, Tesselaar MET, Garcia Rodriguez P, Romijn FPHTM, Bertina RM, Osanto S. Tissue factor-bearing microparticles and CA19.9: two players in pancreatic cancer-associated thrombosis? Br J Cancer 2016; 115:332-8. [PMID: 27404454 PMCID: PMC4973148 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer-related venous thromboembolism (VTE) heralds a poor prognosis, especially in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC). Tissue factor (TF) is implicated as one of the main culprits in PAC-associated VTE and disease progression. Methods: In a prospective cohort study of 79 PAC patients, we measured plasma CA19–9 and microparticle-associated TF activity (MP-TF activity). In addition, we enumerated TF+MPs and MUC1+MPs in plasma (n=55), and studied the expression of TF, MUC1, CD31 and CD68 in tumour tissue (n=44). Results: Plasma MP-TF activity was markedly elevated in PAC patients with VTE compared with those without (median: 1925 vs 113 fM Xa min−1; P<0.001) and correlated with the extent of thromboembolic events, metastatic disease and short survival. Similar results were found for CA19–9. Patients with massively progressing thrombosis and cerebral embolisms despite anticoagulant therapy (n=3) had the highest MP-TF activities (12 118–40 188 fM Xa min−1) and CA19–9 (40 730–197 000 kU l−1). All tumours expressed MUC1 and TF. MP-TF activity did not correlate with intensity of TF expression in adenocarcinoma cells, but corresponded with numbers of TF+ macrophages in the surrounding stroma. Conclusions: Circulating TF+MPs and mucins may concertedly aggravate coagulopathy in PAC. Understanding of underlying mechanisms may result in new treatment strategies for VTE prevention and improvement of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Sherida H Woei-A-Jin
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margot E T Tesselaar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrica Garcia Rodriguez
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fred P H T M Romijn
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier M Bertina
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Osanto
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands
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31
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Lymphovenous hemostasis and the role of platelets in regulating lymphatic flow and lymphatic vessel maturation. Blood 2016; 128:1169-73. [PMID: 27385789 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-04-636415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aside from the established role for platelets in regulating hemostasis and thrombosis, recent research has revealed a discrete role for platelets in the separation of the blood and lymphatic vascular systems. Platelets are activated by interaction with lymphatic endothelial cells at the lymphovenous junction, the site in the body where the lymphatic system drains into the blood vascular system, resulting in a platelet plug that, with the lymphovenous valve, prevents blood from entering the lymphatic circulation. This process, known as "lymphovenous hemostasis," is mediated by activation of platelet CLEC-2 receptors by the transmembrane ligand podoplanin expressed by lymphatic endothelial cells. Lymphovenous hemostasis is required for normal lymph flow, and mice deficient in lymphovenous hemostasis exhibit lymphedema and sometimes chylothorax phenotypes indicative of lymphatic insufficiency. Unexpectedly, the loss of lymph flow in these mice causes defects in maturation of collecting lymphatic vessels and lymphatic valve formation, uncovering an important role for fluid flow in driving endothelial cell signaling during development of collecting lymphatics. This article summarizes the current understanding of lymphovenous hemostasis and its effect on lymphatic vessel maturation and synthesizes the outstanding questions in the field, with relationship to human disease.
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Trepesch C, Nitzsche R, Glass A, Kreikemeyer B, Schubert JK, Oehmcke-Hecht S. High intravascular tissue factor-but not extracellular microvesicles-in septic patients is associated with a high SAPS II score. J Intensive Care 2016; 4:34. [PMID: 27217958 PMCID: PMC4876565 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-016-0160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is associated with coagulation abnormalities, and a high content of intravascular tissue factor (TF) may contribute to the development of multisystem organ failure. Circulating microvesicles (MVs) are increased during sepsis and characterized by their phosphatidylserine content. It is unclear whether MVs—as a part of the host response to the infection—are beneficial or rather contribute to systemic complications in sepsis. In the present prospective clinical pilot study, we investigated whether plasma TF and MVs are associated with the risk of multiple organ failure and mortality. Methods Thirty patients diagnosed with sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock were enrolled and classified as 19 survivors and 11 non-survivors. Blood samples were collected on the day of admission and then daily for up to 2 weeks. MVs and TF were quantified in plasma by ELISA. Results Non-survivors had significantly higher TF concentrations on day 3 compared to survivors. Logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with high amounts of TF had significantly increased risk for severity of disease, according to high Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) scores (odds ratio 18.7). In contrast, a higher content of phosphatidylserine-rich MVs were apparently associated with a lower risk for mortality and multiple organ failure, although this was only a trend and the odds ratios were not significant. Conclusions This study showed that a high amount of TF in septic patients is significantly associated with increased risk for disease severity, according to a high SAPS II score. Quantification of total MVs in plasma, independent from their cell origin, might be indicative for the outcome of patients in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Trepesch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ramona Nitzsche
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Aenne Glass
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jochen K Schubert
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sonja Oehmcke-Hecht
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Christersson C, Lindahl B, Siegbahn A. The composition and daily variation of microparticles in whole blood in stable coronary artery disease. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2015; 76:25-32. [PMID: 26405844 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2015.1086928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The knowledge of circadian variation of microparticles (MPs) in stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the daily variation of platelet-, endothelial- and monocyte-derived MPs in whole blood and their tissue factor expression (TF) in SCAD and whether these MPs were related to other endothelial and coagulation markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serial blood samples from patients with SCAD were collected during one day. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the amount of large MPs 0.5-1.0 μm, positive for annexin, and their expression of CD41, CD62P, CD144, CD14 and TF. The lag time and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) was calculated by Calibrated Automated Thrombogram and soluble (s)P-selectin, sTF and vWF by ELISA. RESULTS The majority of MPs in whole blood consisted of CD41 + MPs with no significant daily variation. In contrast, the concentration of CD62P + MPs described a daily variation with the lowest concentrations found in the evening (p = 0.031). CD62P + and CD144 + MPs had the highest expression of TF, 52.6% and 42.9%, respectively, and correlated to the endothelial activity evaluated by vWF. There was a circadian rhythm of lag time (p < 0.001) and ETP (p = 0.001). The CD62P+, CD14 + and CD144 + MPs correlated to the lag time. CONCLUSION The different subsets of platelet-, endothelial- and monocyte-derived MPs do not present the same circadian variation and they differ in TF expression in SCAD. The MPs from activated platelets, endothelial cells and monocytes exist in low concentrations in whole blood but are related to the endothelial and coagulation activity found in SCAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bertil Lindahl
- a Department of Medical Sciences , Cardiology, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden.,b Department of Medical Sciences , Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR), Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Agneta Siegbahn
- c Department of Medical Sciences , Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
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Dobson GP. Addressing the Global Burden of Trauma in Major Surgery. Front Surg 2015; 2:43. [PMID: 26389122 PMCID: PMC4558465 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2015.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a technically perfect procedure, surgical stress can determine the success or failure of an operation. Surgical trauma is often referred to as the "neglected step-child" of global health in terms of patient numbers, mortality, morbidity, and costs. A staggering 234 million major surgeries are performed every year, and depending upon country and institution, up to 4% of patients will die before leaving hospital, up to 15% will have serious post-operative morbidity, and 5-15% will be readmitted within 30 days. These percentages equate to around 1000 deaths and 4000 major complications every hour, and it has been estimated that 50% may be preventable. New frontline drugs are urgently required to make major surgery safer for the patient and more predictable for the surgeon. We review the basic physiology of the stress response from neuroendocrine to genomic systems, and discuss the paucity of clinical data supporting the use of statins, beta-adrenergic blockers and calcium-channel blockers. Since cardiac-related complications are the most common, particularly in the elderly, a key strategy would be to improve ventricular-arterial coupling to safeguard the endothelium and maintain tissue oxygenation. Reduced O2 supply is associated with glycocalyx shedding, decreased endothelial barrier function, fluid leakage, inflammation, and coagulopathy. A healthy endothelium may prevent these "secondary hit" complications, including possibly immunosuppression. Thus, the four pillars of whole body resynchronization during surgical trauma, and targets for new therapies, are: (1) the CNS, (2) the heart, (3) arterial supply and venous return functions, and (4) the endothelium. This is termed the Central-Cardio-Vascular-Endothelium (CCVE) coupling hypothesis. Since similar sterile injury cascades exist in critical illness, accidental trauma, hemorrhage, cardiac arrest, infection and burns, new drugs that improve CCVE coupling may find wide utility in civilian and military medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey P Dobson
- Heart, Trauma and Sepsis Research Laboratory, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University , Townsville, QLD , Australia
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Gandhi CD, Bulsara KR, Fifi J, Kass-Hout T, Grant RA, Delgado Almandoz JE, English J, Meyers PM, Abruzzo T, Prestigiacomo CJ, Powers CJ, Lee SK, Albani B, Do HM, Eskey CJ, Patsalides A, Hetts S, Hussain MS, Ansari SA, Hirsch JA, Kelly M, Rasmussen P, Mack W, Pride GL, Alexander MJ, Jayaraman MV. Platelet function inhibitors and platelet function testing in neurointerventional procedures: Table 1. J Neurointerv Surg 2014; 6:567-77. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2014-011357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Iba T, Miki T, Hashiguchi N, Tabe Y, Nagaoka I. Is the neutrophil a 'prima donna' in the procoagulant process during sepsis? CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2014; 18:230. [PMID: 25041721 PMCID: PMC4095604 DOI: 10.1186/cc13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the coagulation system is a fundamental host defense mechanism. Microorganisms that have invaded the body are trapped and disposed of in clots. Monocytes/macrophages are widely accepted as the main players in the procoagulant process; however, recent evidence suggests that neutrophils also play important roles. Tissue factor, which initiates the extrinsic coagulation cascade, is reportedly expressed on the surface of neutrophils, as well as on microparticles derived from neutrophils. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are another source of tissue factor. The components of NETs, such as DNA, histones, and granule proteins, also provide procoagulant activities. For instance, DNA initiates the intrinsic pathway, histones are a strong generator of thrombin, and granule proteins such as neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G and myeloperoxidase contribute to the suppression of the anticoagulation systems. Although understanding of the mechanisms that are involved in coagulation/fibrinolysis in sepsis has gradually progressed, the impact of neutrophils on thrombogenicity during sepsis remains to be addressed. Since the importance of the connection between coagulation and inflammation is advocated nowadays, further research on neutrophils is required.
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Criado PR, Antinori LCL, Maruta CW, Reis VMSD. Evaluation of D-dimer serum levels among patients with chronic urticaria, psoriasis and urticarial vasculitis. An Bras Dermatol 2014; 88:355-60. [PMID: 23793207 PMCID: PMC3754365 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20131532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes, under appropriated stimulus, may express tissue factor and therefore, activate the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. We performed a transversal and case-control study of patients with chronic urticaria and patients with psoriasis, in our outpatient clinic to evaluate the production of D-dimer. OBJECTIVE To evaluate D-dimer serum levels in patients with chronic urticaria and its possible correlation with disease activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study was conducted from October 2010 until March 2011. We selected 37 consecutive patients from our Allergy Unit and Psoriasis Unit, and divided them into three groups for statistical analysis: (i) 12 patients with active chronic urticaria (CU); (ii) 10 patients with chronic urticaria under remission and (iii) 15 patients with psoriasis (a disease with skin inflammatory infiltrate constituted by neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes). Another five patients with urticarial vasculitis were allocated in our study, but not included in statistical analysis. The serum levels of D-dimer were measured by Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA), and the result units were given in ng/ml FEU. RESULTS Patients with active chronic urticaria had the highest serum levels of D-dimer (p<0.01), when compared to patients with CU under remission and the control group (patients with psoriasis). CONCLUSIONS Patients with active chronic urticaria have higher serum levels of D-dimer, when compared to patients with chronic urticaria under remission and patients with psoriasis. We found elevated serum levels of D-dimer among patients with urticarial vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Ricardo Criado
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo (SP), Brazil.
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Tedeschi A, Kolkhir P, Asero R, Pogorelov D, Olisova O, Kochergin N, Cugno M. Chronic urticaria and coagulation: pathophysiological and clinical aspects. Allergy 2014; 69:683-91. [PMID: 24673528 DOI: 10.1111/all.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chronic urticaria (CU) is a widespread skin disease, characterized by the recurrence of transient wheals and itch for more than 6 weeks. Besides autoimmune mechanisms, coagulation factors, in particular tissue factor and thrombin, might also participate in the disease pathophysiology. Tissue factor expressed by eosinophils can induce activation of blood coagulation generating thrombin which in turn can increase vascular permeability both directly, acting on endothelial cells, and indirectly, inducing degranulation of mast cells with release of histamine, as demonstrated in experimental models. D-dimer, a fibrin degradation product, generated following activation of the coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis, has been found to be increased during urticaria exacerbations; moreover, it has been proposed as a biomarker of severity and resistance to H1-antihistamines in CU patients. The possible role of coagulation in CU is also supported by case reports, case series and a small controlled study showing the efficacy of anticoagulant therapy in this disease. The purpose of this review was to summarize the available data on the possible contribution of coagulation to the pathophysiology of CU focusing on clinical aspects and possible future therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Tedeschi
- U.O. Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda; Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milano Italy
| | - P. Kolkhir
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Moscow Russia
| | - R. Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia; Clinica San Carlo; Paderno Dugnano (MI)
| | - D. Pogorelov
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Moscow Russia
| | - O. Olisova
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Moscow Russia
| | - N. Kochergin
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Moscow Russia
| | - M. Cugno
- Medicina Interna; Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti; Università degli Studi di Milano; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda; Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milano Italy
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Rokstad AMA, Lacík I, de Vos P, Strand BL. Advances in biocompatibility and physico-chemical characterization of microspheres for cell encapsulation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 67-68:111-30. [PMID: 23876549 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell encapsulation has already shown its high potential and holds the promise for future cell therapies to enter the clinics as a large scale treatment option for various types of diseases. The advancement in cell biology towards this goal has to be complemented with functional biomaterials suitable for cell encapsulation. This cannot be achieved without understanding the close correlation between cell performance and properties of microspheres. The ongoing challenges in the field of cell encapsulation require a critical view on techniques and approaches currently utilized to characterize microspheres. This review deals with both principal subjects of microspheres characterization in the cell encapsulation field: physico-chemical characterization and biocompatibility. The up-to-day knowledge is summarized and discussed with the focus to identify missing knowledge and uncertainties, and to propose the mandatory next steps in characterization of microspheres for cell encapsulation. The primary conclusion of this review is that further success in development of microspheres for cell therapies cannot be accomplished without careful selection of characterization techniques, which are employed in conjunction with biological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mari A Rokstad
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinasgt. 1, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; The Central Norway Health Authority (RHA), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Igor Lacík
- Department for Biomaterials Research, Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA11, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Berit L Strand
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinasgt. 1, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Biotechnology, NTNU, Sem Saelandsvei 6/8, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; The Central Norway Health Authority (RHA), Trondheim, Norway.
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Devalet B, Mullier F, Chatelain B, Dogné JM, Chatelain C. The central role of extracellular vesicles in the mechanisms of thrombosis in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria: a review. J Extracell Vesicles 2014; 3:23304. [PMID: 24672668 PMCID: PMC3965713 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v3.23304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired disorder of the haematopoietic stem cell that makes blood cells more sensitive to the action of complement. PNH patients experience an increased risk of arterial and venous thrombosis – major causes of death due to this disease. Though many potential interlaced mechanisms are suspected, extracellular vesicles (EVs) of various origins may play a central role. The processes possibly involved are haemolysis, platelet activation, injured endothelial cells and monocyte activation. The impact of transfusion should be evaluated. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved may help to propose guidelines for the prophylaxis and treatment of thrombosis in PNH. In this paper, we propose an updated review of the pathophysiology of the underlying mechanisms of thrombosis associated with PNH, with specific focus on the prominent role of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérangère Devalet
- Department of Hematology, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), CHU Dinant-Godinne UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - François Mullier
- Hematology Laboratory, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), CHU Dinant-Godinne UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium ; Department of Pharmacy, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), University of Namur, Belgium
| | - Bernard Chatelain
- Hematology Laboratory, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), CHU Dinant-Godinne UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Dogné
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), University of Namur, Belgium
| | - Christian Chatelain
- Department of Hematology, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), CHU Dinant-Godinne UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
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Adeoye O, Walsh K, Woo JG, Haverbusch M, Moomaw CJ, Broderick JP, Kissela BM, Kleindorfer D, Flaherty ML, Woo D. Peripheral monocyte count is associated with case fatality after intracerebral hemorrhage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014; 23:e107-11. [PMID: 24119622 PMCID: PMC3946748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocytosis is associated with hemorrhage volume and early neurologic deterioration after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We examined total white blood cell (WBC) count, absolute monocyte count (AMC), and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) as potential readily available prognostic biomarkers in human ICH. METHODS In a retrospective study, adult patients aged 18 years or older who presented to 1 of 2 local hospitals with nontraumatic ICH from July 2008 to December 2009 within 12 hours of symptom onset were identified. Demographics, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), ICH volume, ICH location, and 30-day case fatality rates were determined. Total WBC count, ANC, AMC, and hemoglobin concentration were determined. Linear and logistic regressions were used to evaluate factors associated with baseline ICH volume (log transformed) and 30-day case fatality, respectively. RESULTS Of the 186 patients, mean (±SD) age was 67.3 ± 14.8 years; 51% were men and 22% were black. Median (interquartile range) ICH volume was 12.8 (4.9, 29.4) mL. After adjusting for patient age and initial hemoglobin, higher initial WBC count (P = .0009) and higher ANC (P = .006) were associated with higher ICH volume, whereas AMC was not (P = .4). After adjusting for patient age, GCS, intraventricular hemorrhage (+/-), stroke location, and ICH volume, baseline AMC was associated with greater odds of 30-day case fatality (odds ratio 2.26, 95% confidence interval 1.10-4.65, P = .03). CONCLUSIONS The association of AMC with higher 30-day case fatality after ICH is hypothesis generating. Given the lack of association between presenting AMC and ICH volume, AMC may contribute to secondary injury after ICH (hematoma expansion and/or cerebral edema).
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeolu Adeoye
- UC Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Kyle Walsh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jessica G Woo
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mary Haverbusch
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Charles J Moomaw
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joseph P Broderick
- UC Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Brett M Kissela
- UC Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Dawn Kleindorfer
- UC Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Matthew L Flaherty
- UC Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Daniel Woo
- UC Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Chemotherapy induces enhanced procoagulant activity through phosphatidylserine exposure in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Thromb Res 2013; 132:614-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Hypercoagulation following brain death cannot be reversed by the neutralization of systemic tissue factor. Thromb Res 2013; 132:300-6. [PMID: 23910501 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral injury and brain death is associated with apparent hypercoagulation and poor organ outcome. This experimental study challenges the hypotheses that i) brain death causes hypercoagulation and microvascular thrombosis and that ii) neutralizing systemic tissue factor (TF) by in vitro addition of a TF inhibitor (recombinant active site-inhibited factor VIIa (ASIS)) can reverse the hypercoagulable profile. METHODS Using a validated pig model of intracranial hemorrhage and brain death, 20 pigs were randomized to either control or brain death. The primary endpoints were coagulation parameters measured with whole blood thromboelastometry (ROTEM), thrombin generation and a porcine TF-sensitive plasma clotting time assay. In vitro spiking experiments with ASIS were performed in parallel with the latter two assessments. The kidneys were examined histologically for microvascular thromboses. RESULTS Brain death induced hypercoagulation, as demonstrated with ROTEM, thrombin generation, and reduced TF-sensitive plasma clotting time. In vitro inhibition of TF with ASIS did not reverse the hypercoagulation. No microvascular thromboses were found in the kidneys. CONCLUSION Brain death causes hypercoagulation; however, inhibition of TF does not reverse the coagulopathy. Thus, TF release does not seem to be the primary cause of this hypercoagulation. Minor changes in the levels of protein C suggest that the protein C pathway may be linked to the observed coagulopathy.
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Microparticles are new biomarkers of septic shock-induced disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Intensive Care Med 2013; 39:1695-703. [PMID: 23793890 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-013-2993-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Septic shock-induced disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) contributes to multiple organ failure. Mechanisms governing vascular responses to open occurrence of DIC have not yet been established. Circulating plasma microparticles (MPs), released upon cell stress, constitute a catalytic procoagulant surface and are surrogates of vascular cell activation/injury. Herein, MPs were assessed as possible markers of haemostatic and vascular dysfunction in the DIC time course. METHODS One hundred patients with septic shock from three ICUs were enrolled and their haemostatic status evaluated at admission (D1), D2, D3 and D7. Circulating procoagulant MPs were isolated, quantified by prothrombinase assay and their cellular origin determined. DIC diagnosis was made according to the JAAM 2006 score. RESULTS Ninety-two patients were analysed and 40 had DIC during the first 24 h. Routine clotting times and factor/inhibitor activity did not allow assessing vascular cell involvement. At admission, thrombin generation and fibrinolysis were observed in both groups while impaired fibrin polymerisation was evidenced only in DIC patients. Sustained thrombin generation persisted over time in both groups at D7. While total microparticle concentrations were in the same range regardless of DIC diagnosis, specific phenotypes were already detected at admission in DIC patients. Endothelial- and leucocyte-derived MPs were higher in DIC while an increased soluble glycoprotein V/platelet ratio was delayed, underscoring the first involvement of endothelial cells and leucocytes whereas platelet activation was delayed. Endothelium-derived CD105-MPs (OR 6.55) and CD31-MPs (OR 0.49) were strongly associated with early DIC in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Endothelial-derived microparticles are relevant biomarkers of septic shock-induced DIC and could be used to evaluate early vascular injury.
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Soerensen KE, Olsen HG, Skovgaard K, Wiinberg B, Nielsen OL, Leifsson PS, Jensen HE, Kristensen AT, Iburg TM. Disseminated intravascular coagulation in a novel porcine model of severe Staphylococcus aureus sepsis fulfills human clinical criteria. J Comp Pathol 2013; 149:463-74. [PMID: 23746745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a common and often fatal complication in human patients in intensive care units. Relevant and well characterized animal models of sepsis may provide valuable information on pathophysiological mechanisms and be a mean of testing new therapeutic strategies. Large animal models of Staphylococcus aureus sepsis are rare, even though S. aureus increasingly affects human patients. Sepsis changes the haemostatic balance and leads to endothelial cell (EC) activation, coagulopathy and, in severe cases, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The aim of this study was to characterize the haemostatic and vascular alterations in a novel porcine model of severe S. aureus sepsis, investigating whether the changes fulfill the human clinical criteria for DIC. Five pigs were inoculated intravenously with S. aureus and two control animals were sham-inoculated. Blood samples were collected for thromboelastography (TEG) and assessment of plasma-based haemostatic parameters. Tissue was collected for histopathology and reverse transcriptase quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for measurement of mRNA encoding EC markers. All infected animals developed DIC; including procoagulant activation represented by hypercoagulable TEG profiles and prolonged clotting time. Histologically, numerous pulmonary thrombi were present in one pig. Inhibitor consumption was represented by decreasing antithrombin levels in infected pigs. Hyaline globules were found in three infected pigs, confirming fibrinolytic activation. EC activation was identified by expression of von Willebrand factor in small vessels together with elevated mRNA encoding activated EC markers. Severe haemostatic and vascular changes fulfilling the human criteria for DIC were therefore seen in all infected pigs. A tendency towards uncompensated DIC was seen in two animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Soerensen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pathology and Wildlife Disease, National Veterinary Institute, Sweden.
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Schulz C, Engelmann B, Massberg S. Crossroads of coagulation and innate immunity: the case of deep vein thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11 Suppl 1:233-41. [PMID: 23809127 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common condition characterized by the formation of an occlusive blood clot in the venous vascular system, potentially complicated by detachment and embolization of thrombi into the lung. Recent evidence from mouse models has shed light on the sequence of events and on the cellular (innate immune cells, platelets) and molecular (hematopoietic tissue factor, nucleic acids) components involved. In response to decreased blood flow, circulating neutrophils and monocytes adhere to the activated endothelium within hours. They initiate and propagate DVT by interacting with platelets and by the exposure and activation of circulating tissue factor and FXII. Intravascular blood coagulation is also induced by extracellular nucleosomes released mainly from activated neutrophils. Interestingly, these mechanisms are closely linked to an evolutionary conserved immune defense mechanism activated in response to infections. In this review, we will give an overview of DVT and the role of innate immune pathways supporting this process. While the latter are aimed at preserving tissue integrity and function, uncontrolled blood coagulation and activation of immune cells may result in pathological thrombus formation and vascular occlusion. Understanding the molecular and cellular players triggering occlusion of large veins, and their distinction from physiological hemostasis, is important for the development of strategies to prevent and treat DVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schulz
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK.
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Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is abundantly present in atherosclerotic plaques and it is the primary source of TF that triggers the rapid activation of the coagulation cascade after plaque rupture. While much of this TF is associated with monocyte/macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells, recent studies suggests TF-positive microparticles (MPs) are the most abundant source in plaques. Further, while intravascular TF is largely absent in healthy patients, cardiovascular disease patients have increased TF expression in circulating monocytes, which can result in increased levels of TF-positive MPs. This brief review describes how TF is the primary initiator of atherothrombosis and how TF-positive MPs may serve as a biomarker to identify patients at greater risk of forming an occlusive thrombus. In addition, currently used therapeutics, such as statins and inhibitors of the renin angiotensin system, may have additional benefits by reducing TF expression and subsequent thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Phillip Owens
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 98 Manning Drive Campus Box 7035, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Yeo WM, Osterrieder N, Stokol T. Equine herpesvirus type 1 infection induces procoagulant activity in equine monocytes. Vet Res 2013; 44:16. [PMID: 23497076 PMCID: PMC3618259 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The alphaherpesvirus, equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), is a highly prevalent cause of equine infectious abortion and encephalomyelopathy. These syndromes have been attributed to ischemic necrosis from thrombosis in placental and neural vessels, although the mechanisms underlying thrombosis are unknown. After inhalation, EHV-1 establishes a peripheral blood mononuclear cell-associated viremia, with monocytes being a target of infection. Monocytes are also the main source of tissue factor (TF) in diseased states. Since TF is the primary activator of coagulation, increased monocyte TF expression could be involved in EHV-1-associated thrombosis. We hypothesized that EHV-1 infection would induce TF-dependent procoagulant activity in equine monocytes. Monocyte-enriched fractions of blood were infected with abortigenic (RacL11, NY03) and neuropathogenic (Ab4) EHV-1 strains. All strains induced procoagulant activity, to variable degrees, within 1 to 4 h, with maximal activity at 24 h, after infection. Virus-induced procoagulant activity was similar to that seen with lipopolysaccharide, a known stimulant of TF-mediated procoagulant responses. Virus-induced procoagulant activity was factor VIIa-dependent and temporally associated with TF gene transcription, implicating TF as the main driver of the activity. Procoagulant activity was mildly decreased (30-40%) when virus was inactivated by ultraviolet light or when infected cells were treated with aphidicolin, a virus DNA polymerase inhibitor, suggesting early events of virus infection (attachment, entry or intracellular trafficking) are the primary stimulus of procoagulant activity. Our results indicate that EHV-1 rapidly stimulates procoagulant activity in equine monocytes in vitro. The EHV-1-induced procoagulant activity in monocytes may contribute to clinical thrombosis in horses with EHV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee Ming Yeo
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Butenas S. Tissue factor structure and function. SCIENTIFICA 2012; 2012:964862. [PMID: 24278763 PMCID: PMC3820524 DOI: 10.6064/2012/964862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is an integral membrane protein that is essential to life. It is a component of the factor VIIa-TF complex enzyme and plays a primary role in both normal hemostasis and thrombosis. With a vascular injury, TF becomes exposed to blood and binds plasma factor VIIa, and the resulting complex initiates a series of enzymatic reactions leading to clot formation and vascular sealing. Many cells, both healthy, and tumor cells, produce detectable amounts of TF, especially when they are stimulated by various agents. Despite the relative simplicity and small size of TF, there are numerous contradictory reports about the synthesis and presentation of TF on blood cells and circulation in normal blood either on microparticles or as a soluble protein. Another subject of controversy is related to the structure/function of TF. It has been almost commonly accepted that cell-surface-associated TF has low (if any) activity, that is, is "encrypted" and requires specific conditions/reagents to become active, that is, "decrypted." However there is a lack of agreement related to the mechanism and processes leading to alterations in TF function. In this paper TF structure, presentation, and function, and controversies concerning these features are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulius Butenas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, 208 South Park Drive, Room 235A, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
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Kalle M, Papareddy P, Kasetty G, Mörgelin M, van der Plas MJA, Rydengård V, Malmsten M, Albiger B, Schmidtchen A. Host defense peptides of thrombin modulate inflammation and coagulation in endotoxin-mediated shock and Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51313. [PMID: 23272096 PMCID: PMC3521733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative sepsis is accompanied by a disproportionate innate immune response and excessive coagulation mainly induced by endotoxins released from bacteria. Due to rising antibiotic resistance and current lack of other effective treatments there is an urgent need for new therapies. We here present a new treatment concept for sepsis and endotoxin-mediated shock, based on host defense peptides from the C-terminal part of human thrombin, found to have a broad and inhibitory effect on multiple sepsis pathologies. Thus, the peptides abrogate pro-inflammatory cytokine responses to endotoxin in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, they interfere with coagulation by modulating contact activation and tissue factor-mediated clotting in vitro, leading to normalization of coagulation responses in vivo, a previously unknown function of host defense peptides. In a mouse model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis, the peptide GKY25, while mediating a modest antimicrobial effect, significantly inhibited the pro-inflammatory response, decreased fibrin deposition and leakage in the lungs, as well as reduced mortality. Taken together, the capacity of such thrombin-derived peptides to simultaneously modulate bacterial levels, pro-inflammatory responses, and coagulation, renders them attractive therapeutic candidates for the treatment of invasive infections and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kalle
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Biomedical Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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