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Porter T, Kucheryavykh L. F10 Gene Expression and Ethnic Disparities Present in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. J Pers Med 2024; 14:524. [PMID: 38793106 PMCID: PMC11122589 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14050524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) presents a significant health concern, particularly among Hispanic women in the United States, who exhibit a disproportionately higher chance of developing an advanced disease when compared to the non-Hispanic population. Emerging evidence suggests coagulation factor X, encoded by the F10 gene, has a potential role in inhibiting cancer cell migration. However, comprehensive investigations into the differential expression patterns of F10 in Hispanic versus non-Hispanic females remain limited. RNA-sequencing data were acquired from the TCGA database for white female patients, 166 non-Hispanic and 25 Hispanic. A statistically significant (p < 0.05) 2.06-fold increase in F10 expression levels was detected in disease-free tumors compared to recurrent PTC tumors. Furthermore, an increase in F10 gene expression levels was also observed, corresponding to approximately a 1.74-fold increase in non-Hispanic patients compared to Hispanic patients. The probability of tumor recurrence was 1.82 times higher in the cohort with low expression of F10 compared to the high-expression cohort, correlating with the lower disease-free rates observed in the Hispanic patient cohort when compared to non-Hispanics. This finding underscores the relevance of ethnic disparities in molecular profiles for understanding cancer susceptibility. Identifying F10 as a potential prognostic biomarker highlights avenues for targeted interventions and contributes to improving diagnostic and treatment strategies for diverse patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrel Porter
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00956, USA;
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Peng J, Yang KY, Li H, Zheng SS, Pan XY. Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220667. [PMID: 37528887 PMCID: PMC10389673 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein Z (PZ), a vitamin-K-dependent anticoagulant glycoprotein, is reported to be highly expressed in various malignant tissues and correlated with a poor prognosis in patients with lung cancer. This study aimed to investigate the pathological activity of PZ on lung cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. PZ was assessed by Western blot in three non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines (A549, H1299, and H1975). Meanwhile,western blot was used to detect the expression of EMT pathway-related proteins (Slug, Vimentin, and N-cadherin) in the A549 cells knocked down with siRNA. The cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion were detected by Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8, wound healing, and Transwell assays in the A549 cells. The results showed that PZ expression was higher in A549, H1299, and H1975 cells, according to Western blot. CCK-8, wound healing, and Transwell assays showed that knockdown of PZ significantly decreased cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as the protein levels of Slug, Vimentin, and N-cadherin in the A549 cells. In conclusion, the pro-metastasis activity of PZ may modulate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway in lung cancer A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Peng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 19 Nong Lin Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080Guangdong, China
| | - Kai-Ying Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 19 Nong Lin Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080Guangdong, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 19 Nong Lin Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080Guangdong, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 19 Nong Lin Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-Yi Pan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 19 Nong Lin Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080Guangdong, China
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3
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Impact of hereditary thrombophilia on cancer-associated thrombosis, tumour susceptibility and progression: A review of existing evidence. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188778. [PMID: 35963552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a cardiovascular disorder frequently diagnosed among cancer patients. Aside from being common, VTE severely deteriorates the prognosis of these patients as they face a higher risk of morbidity and mortality, which makes clinical tools able to identify the patients more prompt to thrombogenesis very attractive. Over the years, several genetic polymorphisms have been linked with VTE susceptibility in the general population. However, their clinical usefulness as predictive biomarkers for cancer-related VTE is yet unclear. Furthermore, as a two-way association between cancer and VTE is well-recognized, with haemostatic components fuelling tumour progression, haemostatic gene polymorphisms constitute potential cancer predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers as well. Thus, in this article, we review the existing evidence on the role of these polymorphisms on cancer-related VTE and their impact on cancer onset and progression. Despite the promising findings, the existing studies had inconsistent results most likely due to their limited statistical power and population heterogeneity. Future studies are therefore required to clarify the role of these polymorphisms in setting of malignancy.
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4
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Zhang X, Li Z, Liu X, Qin X, Luo J, Zhang W, Liu B, Wei Y. ZPI prevents ox-LDL-mediated endothelial injury leading to inhibition of EndMT, inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress through activating Pi3k/Akt signal pathway. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1212-1225. [PMID: 35656597 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-mediated endothelial dysfunction exerts an essential role in the development of atherosclerosis. Protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI), a member of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily, could inhibit the function of activated coagulation factor X (FXa) via interaction with protein Z (PZ). Studies have pointed out that ZPI was statistically related to atherosclerotic diseases, which may have a robust cardiovascular protective effect. However, the underlying mechanism of ZPI on ox-LDL-mediated endothelial injury requires further elucidation. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with ox-LDL (100 μg/ml) and ZPI (10 μg/ml). Cell viability was measured by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) were analyzed by immunofluorescence (IF). Cell migration was measured using a wound-healing assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were performed to determine messenger RNA and protein expression. Ox-LDL (100 μg/ml, 48 h) significantly reduced cell viability and migration, increased EndMT, inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. The related protein expression of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (Pi3k/Akt) signal pathway in HUVECs was also simultaneously decreased. We also discovered that ZPI treatment could prevent ox-LDL-mediated endothelial injury through the improvement of cell viability and alleviation of apoptosis, oxidative stress, EndMT, and inflammation. Thus, the protective effect of ZPI on HUVECs may be mediated by activation of the Pi3k/Akt signal pathway. ZPI may exert an important protective role in HUVECs dysfunction triggered by ox-LDL via activation of the Pi3k/Akt signal pathway. Therefore, ZPI may possess potential therapeutic effects on atherosclerotic endothelial injury-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiachen Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoxin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yidong Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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5
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Bianchini EP, Razanakolona M, Helms J, Zouiti F, Couteau-Chardon A, Marin-Esteban V, Chaisemartin LD, De-Carvalho A, Bironien R, Chollet-Martin S, Denis CV, Diehl JL, Vasse M, Meziani F, Borgel D. The Proteolytic Inactivation of Protein Z-Dependent Protease Inhibitor by Neutrophil Elastase Might Promote the Procoagulant Activity of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Sepsis. Thromb Haemost 2022; 122:506-516. [PMID: 34134169 DOI: 10.1055/a-1530-3980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Septic shock is the archetypal clinical setting in which extensive crosstalk between inflammation and coagulation dysregulates the latter. The main anticoagulant systems are systematically impaired, depleted, and/or downregulated. Protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI) is an anticoagulant serpin that not only targets coagulation factors Xa and XIa but also acts as an acute phase reactant whose plasma concentration rises in inflammatory settings. The objective of the present study was to assess the plasma ZPI antigen level in a cohort of patients suffering from septic shock with or without overt-disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The plasma ZPI antigen level was approximately 2.5-fold higher in the patient group (n = 100; 38 with DIC and 62 without) than in healthy controls (n = 31). The elevation's magnitude did not appear to depend on the presence/absence of DIC. Furthermore, Western blots revealed the presence of cleaved ZPI in plasma from patients with severe sepsis, independently of the DIC status. In vitro, ZPI was proteolytically inactivated by purified neutrophil elastase (NE) and by NE on the surface of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The electrophoretic pattern of ZPI after NE-catalyzed proteolysis was very similar to that resulting from the clotting process-suggesting that the cleaved ZPI observed in severe sepsis plasma is devoid of anticoagulant activity. Taken as a whole, our results (1) suggest that NE is involved in ZPI inactivation during sepsis, and (2) reveal a novel putative mechanism for the procoagulant activity of NETs in immunothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa P Bianchini
- HITh, UMR_S1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mahita Razanakolona
- HITh, UMR_S1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Julie Helms
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,UMR_S1109, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fouzia Zouiti
- Service d'Hématologie biologique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, APHP, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Amélie Couteau-Chardon
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Viviana Marin-Esteban
- UMR_996, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Luc de Chaisemartin
- UMR_996, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital Bichat, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Allan De-Carvalho
- HITh, UMR_S1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Sylvie Chollet-Martin
- UMR_996, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital Bichat, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Cécile V Denis
- HITh, UMR_S1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jean-Luc Diehl
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France.,UMR_S1140, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marc Vasse
- HITh, UMR_S1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service de Biologie Clinique, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - Ferhat Meziani
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,UMR_1260, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Delphine Borgel
- HITh, UMR_S1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Necker, APHP, Paris, France
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6
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Sloan AR, Lee-Poturalski C, Hoffman HC, Harris PL, Elder TE, Richardson B, Kerstetter-Fogle A, Cioffi G, Schroer J, Desai A, Cameron M, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Rich J, Jankowsky E, Sen Gupta A, Sloan AE. Glioma stem cells activate platelets by plasma-independent thrombin production to promote glioblastoma tumorigenesis. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdac172. [PMID: 36452274 PMCID: PMC9700385 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The interaction between platelets and cancer cells has been underexplored in solid tumor models that do not metastasize, for example, glioblastoma (GBM) where metastasis is rare. Histologically, it is known that glioma stem cells (GSCs) are found in perivascular and pseudsopalisading regions of GBM, which are also areas of platelet localization. High platelet counts have been associated with poor clinical outcomes in many cancers. While platelets are known to promote the progression of other tumors, mechanisms by which platelets influence GBM oncogenesis are unknown. Here, we aimed to understand how the bidirectional interaction between platelets and GSCs drives GBM oncogenesis. Methods Male and female NSG mice were transplanted with GSC lines and treated with antiplatelet and anti-thrombin inhibitors. Immunofluorescence, qPCR, and Western blots were used to determine expression of coagulation mechanism in GBM tissue and subsequent GSC lines. Results We show that GSCs activate platelets by endogenous production of all the factors of the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation cascades in a plasma-independent manner. Therefore, GSCs produce thrombin resulting in platelet activation. We further demonstrate that the endogenous coagulation cascades of these cancer stem cells are tumorigenic: they activate platelets to promote stemness and proliferation in vitro and pharmacological inhibition delays tumor growth in vivo. Conclusions Our findings uncover a specific preferential relationship between platelets and GSCs that drive GBM malignancies and identify a therapeutically targetable novel interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Sloan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christine Lee-Poturalski
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Harry C Hoffman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Peggy L Harris
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Theresa E Elder
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Richardson
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amber Kerstetter-Fogle
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gino Cioffi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Trans-Divisional Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julia Schroer
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ansh Desai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark Cameron
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jill Barnholtz-Sloan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Trans-Divisional Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeremy Rich
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eckhard Jankowsky
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew E Sloan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Piedmont Health, Atlanta Georgia, USA
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Jiang X, Song T, Pan X, Zhang X, Lan Y, Bai L. PROZ May Serve as a Prognostic Biomarker for Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:4209-4218. [PMID: 34393500 PMCID: PMC8354773 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s311959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate potential diagnostic or prognostic markers for early HCC by applying bioinformatic analysis. Methods The gene expression profiles of early HCC and normal tissues from a TCGA dataset were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and then analysed by weighted gene coexpression network analysis. The integrated genes were selected to construct the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and determine the hub genes. The prognostic impact of the hub genes was then analysed. Results A total of 508 integrated genes were selected from the 615 DEGs and 8956 genes in the turquoise module. A PPI network was constructed, and the top 20 hub genes, including apolipoprotein A-IV (APOA4), fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG), vitamin K-dependent protein Z (PROZ), secreted phosphoprotein 24 (SPP2) and fetuin-B (FETUB), were identified. Only PROZ was significantly associated with the prognosis of early HCC. Conclusion In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of PROZ was decreased in early HCC compared with normal liver controls, and low PROZ expression might result in poor overall survival of early HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Song
- Department of Hepatology, The Sixth People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuhua Pan
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Lan
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Bai
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Jmel MA, Aounallah H, Bensaoud C, Mekki I, Chmelař J, Faria F, M’ghirbi Y, Kotsyfakis M. Insights into the Role of Tick Salivary Protease Inhibitors during Ectoparasite-Host Crosstalk. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E892. [PMID: 33477394 PMCID: PMC7831016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protease inhibitors (PIs) are ubiquitous regulatory proteins present in all kingdoms. They play crucial tasks in controlling biological processes directed by proteases which, if not tightly regulated, can damage the host organism. PIs can be classified according to their targeted proteases or their mechanism of action. The functions of many PIs have now been characterized and are showing clinical relevance for the treatment of human diseases such as arthritis, hepatitis, cancer, AIDS, and cardiovascular diseases, amongst others. Other PIs have potential use in agriculture as insecticides, anti-fungal, and antibacterial agents. PIs from tick salivary glands are special due to their pharmacological properties and their high specificity, selectivity, and affinity to their target proteases at the tick-host interface. In this review, we discuss the structure and function of PIs in general and those PI superfamilies abundant in tick salivary glands to illustrate their possible practical applications. In doing so, we describe tick salivary PIs that are showing promise as drug candidates, highlighting the most promising ones tested in vivo and which are now progressing to preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Amine Jmel
- Laboratory of Genomics and Proteomics of Disease Vectors, Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (M.A.J.); (C.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Hajer Aounallah
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, LR19IPTX, Service d’Entomologie Médicale, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (H.A.); (Y.M.)
- Innovation and Development Laboratory, Innovation and Development Center, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | - Chaima Bensaoud
- Laboratory of Genomics and Proteomics of Disease Vectors, Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (M.A.J.); (C.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Imen Mekki
- Laboratory of Genomics and Proteomics of Disease Vectors, Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (M.A.J.); (C.B.); (I.M.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Jindřich Chmelař
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Fernanda Faria
- Innovation and Development Laboratory, Innovation and Development Center, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | - Youmna M’ghirbi
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, LR19IPTX, Service d’Entomologie Médicale, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (H.A.); (Y.M.)
| | - Michalis Kotsyfakis
- Laboratory of Genomics and Proteomics of Disease Vectors, Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (M.A.J.); (C.B.); (I.M.)
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Adenovirus Receptor Expression in Cancer and Its Multifaceted Role in Oncolytic Adenovirus Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186828. [PMID: 32957644 PMCID: PMC7554712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenovirus therapy is believed to be a promising way to treat cancer patients. To be able to target tumor cells with an oncolytic adenovirus, expression of the adenovirus receptor on the tumor cell is essential. Different adenovirus types bind to different receptors on the cell, of which the expression can vary between tumor types. Pre-existing neutralizing immunity to human adenovirus species C type 5 (HAdV-C5) has hampered its therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials, hence several adenoviral vectors from different species are currently being developed as a means to evade pre-existing immunity. Therefore, knowledge on the expression of appropriate adenovirus receptors on tumor cells is important. This could aid in determining which tumor types would benefit most from treatment with a certain oncolytic adenovirus type. This review provides an overview of the known receptors for human adenoviruses and how their expression on tumor cells might be differentially regulated compared to healthy tissue, before and after standardized anticancer treatments. Mechanisms behind the up- or downregulation of adenovirus receptor expression are discussed, which could be used to find new targets for combination therapy to enhance the efficacy of oncolytic adenovirus therapy. Additionally, the utility of the adenovirus receptors in oncolytic virotherapy is examined, including their role in viral spread, which might even surpass their function as primary entry receptors. Finally, future directions are offered regarding the selection of adenovirus types to be used in oncolytic adenovirus therapy in the fight against cancer.
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Wu X, Zhang ZX, Chen XY, Xu YL, Yin N, Yang J, Zhu DM, Li DC, Zhou J. A Panel of Three Biomarkers Identified by iTRAQ for the Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 13:e1800195. [PMID: 31025496 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Due to a lack of early diagnostic markers, pancreatic cancer (PC) remains a lethal disease. Proteomic approaches are now being applied to identify novel PC biomarkers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this study, iTRAQ and LC-MS/MS are used to perform comparative analyses of serum from PC patients and healthy controls (HC), to identify specific serum biomarkers for PC. Serum levels of candidate proteins are determined using ELISA. RESULTS Among 869 proteins identified, 55 are potential biomarkers; Vitamin K-dependent protein Z (PROZ) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6b (TNFRSF6B) are selected for further analysis. Serum levels of PROZ and TNFRSF6B are significantly higher in PC patients than in HC or pancreatic benign controls (BC) (p < 0.01). The AUCs range from 0.816 to 0.971 for PROZ, TNFRSF6B, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9, either individually or in combination, in PC versus HC+BC, and from 0.711 to 0.932 in PC Stage I versus HC+BC. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE It is demonstrated that PROZ and TNFRSF6B are novel serum biomarkers for detecting early stage PC, and for distinguishing PC from pancreatic benign tumor and healthy individuals. Additional large cohort studies are needed to develop PROZ and TNFRSF6B as clinical PC biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Zi-Xiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.,Pancreatic Disease Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Xing-Yu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Ya-Ling Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Ni Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.,Pancreatic Disease Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Dong-Ming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.,Pancreatic Disease Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - De-Chun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.,Pancreatic Disease Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.,Pancreatic Disease Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
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11
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Sierko E, Zabrocka E, Ostrowska-Cichocka K, Tokajuk P, Zimnoch L, Wojtukiewicz MZ. Co-localization of Coagulation Factor X and its Inhibitory System, PZ/ZPI, in Human Endometrial Cancer Tissue. In Vivo 2019; 33:771-776. [PMID: 31028196 PMCID: PMC6559914 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Hemostatic system components contribute to cancer progression independently from their roles in hemostasis. It has been shown that protein Z (PZ)/protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI) inhibit coagulation factor X (FX). The aim of the study was to analyze the expression of PZ/ZPI in relation to the main coagulation factor - FX in human endometrial cancer tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 21 endometrial cancer specimens employing antibodies against ZPI, PZ and FX. RESULTS Endometrial cancer cells showed a strong expression of ZPI and PZ and medium expression of FX. Normal endometrial tissue showed no expression of ZPI, PZ or FX. CONCLUSION Strong expression of PZ and ZPI in endometrial cancer cells suggests a role of these proteins in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Sierko
- Department of Oncology, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Radiotherapy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Zabrocka
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, U.S.A
| | | | - Piotr Tokajuk
- Department of Oncology, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Lech Zimnoch
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marek Z Wojtukiewicz
- Department of Oncology, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bialystok, Poland
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12
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Soft fibrin matrix downregulates DAB2IP to promote Nanog-dependent growth of colon tumor-repopulating cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:151. [PMID: 30770783 PMCID: PMC6377646 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been shown to be responsible for the recurrence and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). As a crucial microenvironmental factor, extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness is known to affect the stemness of CSCs. Recently, fibrin deposition in the stroma of CRC was demonstrated to be responsible for tumor development. In this study, we used salmon fibrin gel to provide a 3D ECM for colon cancer cells and investigated its effects on cell growth as well as the underlying mechanisms. Compared with stiff 420 Pascal (Pa) and 1 050 Pa gels, 90 Pa soft fibrin gel was most efficient at isolating and enriching tumor colonies. The size and number of colony formation negatively correlated with gel stiffness. Specifically, these tumor colonies exhibited efficient tumorigenicity, upregulated stem cell markers, and had anti-chemotherapeutic properties and were thus named tumor-repopulating cells (TRCs). More importantly, the self-renewal molecule Nanog was sharply induced in 3D-cultured colon TRCs; further, Nanog siRNA significantly inhibited colony formation, suggesting the indispensable role of Nanog in TRC growth. A subsequent mechanistic study illustrated that Nanog expression could be modulated through fibrin gel stiffness-induced DAB2IP/PI3K/FOXA1 signaling in colon TRCs.
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13
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Tinholt M, Garred Ø, Borgen E, Beraki E, Schlichting E, Kristensen V, Sahlberg KK, Iversen N. Subtype-specific clinical and prognostic relevance of tumor-expressed F5 and regulatory F5 variants in breast cancer: the CoCaV study. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:1347-1356. [PMID: 29766637 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Essentials The role of coagulation factor V (encoded by F5) in cancer pathogenesis is unknown. The clinical significance of tumor-expressed F5 was evaluated in breast cancer patient cohorts. F5 was expressed in human breast tumors, and the expression was higher than in normal tissue. High F5 expression was associated with aggressive tumors, but also with survival in breast cancer. SUMMARY Background Tumor expression of certain coagulation factors has been linked to cancer progression. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in F5 (encoding the FV protein) have been found to be associated with breast cancer; however, the role of coagulation factor V (FV) in cancer pathogenesis remains undiscovered. Objectives We aimed to investigate the clinical significance of FV and the regulatory role of F5 gene variants in breast cancer. Patients/Methods A Scandinavian 503-sample breast cancer cohort and three public breast cancer datasets (GOBO, TCGA and KM plotter) were used to determine associations between F5 gene expression (tumor-specific), circulating FV, F5 SNPs, clinical characteristics and breast cancer survival. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect FV antigen in tumors. Results F5 expression was 2-fold higher in breast tumors compared with normal tissue, and the presence of FV antigen in breast tumors was confirmed by IHC staining. F5 expression was increased in patients with hormone receptor negative tumors, triple negative tumors, HER2-enriched and basal-like tumors. In patients with basal tumors, high expression of F5 was associated with improved overall survival (hazard ratio, HR = 0.52, 95% confidence interval, 0.31-0.86). SNPs in F5 were associated with tumor size and luminal A tumors. The rs6427202-rs9332542 C-G haplotype, previously associated with breast cancer, displayed a cis-regulatory effect on F5 expression in tumors and plasma FV antigen levels. In silico mining supported this regulatory function. Conclusions FV was a possible marker of aggressive breast cancer, yet also a predictor of favorable outcome. Evaluation of FV expression may be clinically useful for prognosis and treatment decisions in aggressive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tinholt
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ø Garred
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Borgen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Beraki
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Schlichting
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - V Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - K K Sahlberg
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research, Vestre Viken, Drammen, Norway
| | - N Iversen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Gutwein O, Rahimi-Levene N, Herzog-Tzarfati K, Garach-Jehoshua O, Nagler A, Izak M, Koren-Michowitz M. Low Protein Z levels in patients with plasma cell neoplasms are inversely correlated with IL-6 levels. Leuk Res 2017; 62:104-107. [PMID: 29031125 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have an increased thrombotic risk, but pathogenesis remains uncertain. Low levels of Protein Z (PZ), a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein, are associated with venous as well as arterial thrombosis. The purpose of this study was to analyze PZ levels in patients with plasma cell neoplasms. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study consisted of 64 plasma cells neoplasm patients and 42 healthy individuals. Clinical investigations included measurement of plasma PZ and IL-6 levels. RESULTS PZ levels in patients with plasma cell neoplasms were significantly lower compared to healthy controls in the entire cohort (1392±659 vs.2010±603ng/mL, P<0.01), as well as in specific disease subgroups; symptomatic MM (1428±652ng/mL, p<0.01), smoldering MM (1437±883ng/mL, p=0.045) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) (1247±593ng/mL, p=0.01). PZ was negatively correlated with IL-6 levels in MM patients (r=-0.7, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in PZ levels between patients with or without thrombotic event. CONCLUSION Plasma cell neoplasm patients have low levels of PZ. This is presumably related to the increased IL-6 production by the bone marrow microenvironment, and could have a potential role in the increased thrombotic tendency in those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gutwein
- Division of Hematology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | - N Rahimi-Levene
- Division of Hematology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - K Herzog-Tzarfati
- Division of Hematology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - O Garach-Jehoshua
- Division of Hematology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - A Nagler
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Division of Hematology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - M Izak
- Division of Hematology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - M Koren-Michowitz
- Division of Hematology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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15
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Iqbal A, Goldfeder MB, Marques-Porto R, Asif H, Souza JGD, Faria F, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. Revisiting antithrombotic therapeutics; sculptin, a novel specific, competitive, reversible, scissile and tight binding inhibitor of thrombin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1431. [PMID: 28469161 PMCID: PMC5431157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01486-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombin is a multifunctional enzyme with a key role in the coagulation cascade. Its functional modulation can culminate into normal blood coagulation or thrombosis. Thus, the identification of novel potent inhibitors of thrombin are of immense importance. Sculptin is the first specific thrombin inhibitor identified in the transcriptomics analysis of tick’s salivary glands. It consists of 168 residues having four similar repeats and evolutionary diverged from hirudin. Sculptin is a competitive, specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin with a Ki of 18.3 ± 1.9 pM (kon 4.04 ± 0.03 × 107 M−1 s−1 and koff 0.65 ± 0.04 × 10−3 s−1). It is slowly consumed by thrombin eventually losing its activity. Contrary, sculptin is hydrolyzed by factor Xa and each polypeptide fragment is able to inhibit thrombin independently. A single domain of sculptin alone retains ~45% of inhibitory activity, which could bind thrombin in a bivalent fashion. The formation of a small turn/helical-like structure by active site binding residues of sculptin might have made it a more potent thrombin inhibitor. In addition, sculptin prolongs global coagulation parameters. In conclusion, sculptin and its independent domain(s) have strong potential to become novel antithrombotic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Iqbal
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Barbugiani Goldfeder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Marques-Porto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Huma Asif
- Laboratory of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jean Gabriel de Souza
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Faria
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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16
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Jiang TT, Shi LY, Wei LL, Li X, Yang S, Wang C, Liu CM, Chen ZL, Tu HH, Li ZJ, Li JC. Serum amyloid A, protein Z, and C4b-binding protein β chain as new potential biomarkers for pulmonary tuberculosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173304. [PMID: 28278182 PMCID: PMC5344400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to discover novel biomarkers for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Differentially expressed proteins in the serum of patients with TB were screened and identified by iTRAQ-two dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis. A total of 79 abnormal proteins were discovered in patients with TB compared with healthy controls. Of these, significant differences were observed in 47 abnormally expressed proteins between patients with TB or pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients with TB (n = 136) exhibited significantly higher levels of serum amyloid A (SAA), vitamin K-dependent protein Z (PROZ), and C4b-binding protein β chain (C4BPB) than those in healthy controls (n = 66) (P<0.0001 for each) albeit significantly lower levels compared with those in patients with pneumonia (n = 72) (P<0.0001 for each) or COPD (n = 72) (P<0.0001, P<0.0001, P = 0.0016, respectively). After 6 months of treatment, the levels of SAA and PROZ were significantly increased (P = 0.022, P<0.0001, respectively), whereas the level of C4BPB was significantly decreased (P = 0.0038) in treated TB cases (n = 72). Clinical analysis showed that there were significant differences in blood clotting and lipid indices in patients with TB compared with healthy controls, patients with pneumonia or COPD, and treated TB cases (P<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between PROZ and INR (rs = 0.414, P = 0.044), and between C4BPB and FIB (rs = 0.617, P = 0.0002) in patients with TB. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve value of the diagnostic model combining SAA, PROZ, and C4BPB to discriminate the TB group from the healthy control, pneumonia, COPD, and cured TB groups was 0.972, 0.928, 0.957, and 0.969, respectively. Together, these results suggested that SAA, PROZ, and C4BPB may serve as new potential biomarkers for TB. Our study may thus provide experimental data for the differential diagnosis of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Jiang
- South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ying Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li-Liang Wei
- Department of Pneumology, Shaoxing Municipal Hospital, Shaoxing, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenteropathy, Zhejiang Province People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Su Yang
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chong Wang
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Ming Liu
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Liang Chen
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Hui Tu
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Jie Li
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Cheng Li
- South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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17
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Russell MR, D'Amato A, Graham C, Crosbie EJ, Gentry-Maharaj A, Ryan A, Kalsi JK, Fourkala EO, Dive C, Walker M, Whetton AD, Menon U, Jacobs I, Graham RL. Novel risk models for early detection and screening of ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:785-797. [PMID: 27903971 PMCID: PMC5352196 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynaecological cancer. Early detection is required to improve patient survival. Risk estimation models were constructed for Type I (Model I) and Type II (Model II) OC from analysis of Protein Z, Fibronectin, C-reactive protein and CA125 levels in prospectively collected samples from the United Kingdom Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS). RESULTS Model I identifies cancers earlier than CA125 alone, with a potential lead time of 3-4 years. Model II detects a number of high grade serous cancers at an earlier stage (Stage I/II) than CA125 alone, with a potential lead time of 2-3 years and assigns high risk to patients that the ROCA Algorithm classified as normal. MATERIALS AND METHODS This nested case control study included 418 individual serum samples serially collected from 49 OC cases and 31 controls up to six years pre-diagnosis. Discriminatory logit models were built combining the ELISA results for candidate proteins with CA125 levels. CONCLUSIONS These models have encouraging sensitivities for detecting pre-clinical ovarian cancer, demonstrating improved sensitivity compared to CA125 alone. In addition we demonstrate how the models improve on ROCA for some cases and outline their potential future use as clinical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Russell
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre and Pathology Node, Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alfonsina D'Amato
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre and Pathology Node, Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ciaren Graham
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Emma J Crosbie
- Gynaecological Oncology Research Group, Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andy Ryan
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jatinderpal K. Kalsi
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Evangelia-Ourania Fourkala
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline Dive
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael Walker
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre and Pathology Node, Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anthony D. Whetton
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre and Pathology Node, Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Usha Menon
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ian Jacobs
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre and Pathology Node, Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
- University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert L.J. Graham
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre and Pathology Node, Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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18
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Wang H, Huang F, Pan XY, Guan ZB, Zeng WB, Li MJ, Zhang RH. Quantification of protein Z expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and cells. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1046. [PMID: 27462494 PMCID: PMC4940354 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As a regulator of coagulation, abnormal Protein Z (PZ) expression may lead to the formation of blood clots in humans. While previous studies have shown that PZ protein is altered in several types of cancer, however, additional observations are needed to understand the complex biology involved. Herein, we investigated local alterations in PZ expression in lung adenocarcinomas by measuring gene and protein expression in both cancerous and normal lung tissues. Twenty-two (22) specimens of lung adenocarcinoma and 22 specimens of normal lung tissues from human patients were compared for the expression of PZ. In addition, A549 adenocarcinoma cells were compared to a normal epithelial cell line, 16-HBE, for in vitro PZ expression. In tissues and cells, PZ protein and gene expression were determined using western blot, immunohistochemistry and PCR. Lung adenocarcinoma tissues showed elevated expression of both PZ mRNA and protein compared with healthy tissue. Only protein expression was increased in cultured cell lines, which holds implications for the dominant source of PZ in tissues, as well as protein modifications necessary for PZ function. Protein Z appears to be associated with the presence of lung adenocarcinoma and may be a viable prognostic biomarker for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- />Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Huang
- />Department of Hematology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Yi Pan
- />Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze-Bin Guan
- />Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bing Zeng
- />Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-Jie Li
- />Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-Hao Zhang
- />Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
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19
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Huang X, Zhou J, Zhou A, Olson ST. Thermodynamic and kinetic characterization of the protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI)-protein Z interaction reveals an unexpected role for ZPI Lys-239. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9906-18. [PMID: 25713144 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.633479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticoagulant serpin, protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI), circulates in blood as a tight complex with its cofactor, protein Z (PZ), enabling it to function as a rapid inhibitor of membrane-associated factor Xa. Here, we show that N,N'-dimethyl-N-(acetyl)-N'-(7-nitrobenz-3-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)ethylenediamine (NBD)-fluorophore-labeled K239C ZPI is a sensitive, moderately perturbing reporter of the ZPI-PZ interaction and utilize the labeled ZPI to characterize in-depth the thermodynamics and kinetics of wild-type and variant ZPI-PZ interactions. NBD-labeled K239C ZPI bound PZ with ∼3 nM KD and ∼400% fluorescence enhancement at physiologic pH and ionic strength. The NBD-ZPI-PZ interaction was markedly sensitive to ionic strength and pH but minimally affected by temperature, consistent with the importance of charged interactions. NBD-ZPI-PZ affinity was reduced ∼5-fold by physiologic calcium levels to resemble NBD-ZPI affinity for γ-carboxyglutamic acid/EGF1-domainless PZ. Competitive binding studies with ZPI variants revealed that in addition to previously identified Asp-293 and Tyr-240 hot spot residues, Met-71, Asp-74, and Asp-238 made significant contributions to PZ binding, whereas Lys-239 antagonized binding. Rapid kinetic studies indicated a multistep binding mechanism with diffusion-limited association and slow complex dissociation. ZPI complexation with factor Xa or cleavage decreased ZPI-PZ affinity 2-7-fold by increasing the rate of PZ dissociation. A catalytic role for PZ was supported by the correlation between a decreased rate of PZ dissociation from the K239A ZPI-PZ complex and an impaired ability of PZ to catalyze the K239A ZPI-factor Xa reaction. Together, these results reveal the energetic basis of the ZPI-PZ interaction and suggest an important role for ZPI Lys-239 in PZ catalytic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- From the Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases and Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612 and
| | - Jian Zhou
- From the Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases and Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612 and
| | - Aiwu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Steven T Olson
- From the Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases and Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612 and
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Zu G, Wang H, Wang J, Dou Y, Zhao W, Sun Y. Rhizoma Pinelliae trypsin inhibitor separation, purification and inhibitory activity on the proliferation of BGC-823 gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:248-254. [PMID: 24944630 PMCID: PMC4061196 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate and purify Rhizoma Pinelliae trypsin inhibitor (RPTI), determine its N-terminal amino acid sequence and evaluate its inhibitory effect on the proliferation of poorly differentiated BGC-823 human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. RPTI was separated and purified from a 40% (NH4)2SO4 precipitate of crude protein extract of Pinellia ternata tuber using affinity chromatography with trypsin as the ligand. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of RPTI was determined using the Edman degradation method. The inhibitory effect of RPTI on BGC-823 cell proliferation was detected in vitro using the MTT method and in vivo in tumour-bearing mice. The purified RPTI showed a single band under SDS-PAGE, its molecular weight was 14 kDa and its N-terminal amino acid sequence was DPVVDG. RPTI inhibited trypsin activity, with an inhibition ratio of 1:6.78 (mass). RPTI significantly inhibited the proliferation of BGC-823 cells in vitro. The IC50 of RPTI was 16.96 μg/ml within 48 h after treatment and 9.61 μg/ml within 72 h after treatment. Subcutaneous injection of RPTI around the tumour significantly inhibited BGC-823 tumour growth in mice. The tumour inhibitory effect was concentration- and dose-dependent. RPTI did not significantly influence the spleen coefficient of the mice. In conclusion, RPTI is a serine proteinase inhibitor with antitumour activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohong Zu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Houwei Wang
- Department of Chinese Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Yan Dou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Weichong Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Yuping Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
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Ünlü B, Versteeg HH. Effects of tumor-expressed coagulation factors on cancer progression and venous thrombosis: is there a key factor? Thromb Res 2014; 133 Suppl 2:S76-84. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(14)50013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Unbalance between plasma levels of Protein Z and protein Z-dependent inhibitor in patients with colorectal and pancreatic cancer: A pilot study. Thromb Res 2014; 133:299-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sierko E, Wojtukiewicz MZ, Zimnoch L, Tokajuk P, Ostrowska-Cichocka K, Kisiel W. Protein Z/protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor system in loco in human gastric cancer. Ann Hematol 2013; 93:779-84. [PMID: 24158387 PMCID: PMC3976510 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In gastric cancer, hemostatic system components contribute to cancer progression, as activation of factor X (FX) was observed. The protein Z (PZ)/protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI) complex inhibits factor Xa proteolytic activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of ZPI and PZ in relation to FX, and prothrombin fragment (F1 + 2), a standard marker for blood coagulation activation, in human gastric cancer tissue. ABC procedures and a double staining method employed polyclonal antibodies against PZ, FX, and F1 + 2 and a monoclonal antibody against ZPI. In situ hybridization (ISH) methods employed biotin-labeled 25-nucleotide single-stranded DNA probes directed to either PZ or ZPI mRNAs. FX and components of PZ/ZPI coagulation inhibitory system were observed in cancer cells. F1 + 2 was observed in gastric cancer cells as well. Double staining studies revealed FX/PZ, FX/ZPI, and PZ/ZPI co-localization on gastric cancer cells. ISH studies demonstrated the presence of PZ mRNA and ZPI mRNA in gastric cancer cells indicating induced synthesis of these proteins. The co-localization of PZ/ZPI and FX in gastric cancer cells indicates in loco that these proteins may play a role in anticoagulant events at the tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Sierko
- Department of Oncology, Medical University, 12 Ogrodowa St., Bialystok, Poland,
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