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Mackman N, Archibald SJ, Hisada Y. Effect of heparanase inhibitor on tissue factor overexpression in platelets and endothelial cells induced by anti-β2-GPI antibodies: Comment from Mackman et al. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:260-261. [PMID: 34954879 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Mackman
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sierra J Archibald
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yohei Hisada
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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2
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Mackman N, Hisada Y, Grover SP, Rosell A, Havervall S, von Meijenfeldt F, Aguilera K, Lisman T, Thålin C. Response by Mackman et al to Letter Regarding Article, "Patients With COVID-19 Have Elevated Levels of Circulating Extracellular Vesicle Tissue Factor Activity That Is Associated With Severity and Mortality-Brief Report". Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:e381-e382. [PMID: 34038165 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Mackman
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (N.M., Y.H., S.P.G)
| | - Yohei Hisada
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (N.M., Y.H., S.P.G)
| | - Steven P Grover
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (N.M., Y.H., S.P.G)
| | - Axel Rosell
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (A.R., S.H., K.A., C.T.)
| | - Sebastian Havervall
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (A.R., S.H., K.A., C.T.)
| | - Fien von Meijenfeldt
- Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (F.v.M., T.L.)
| | - Katherina Aguilera
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (A.R., S.H., K.A., C.T.)
| | - Ton Lisman
- Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (F.v.M., T.L.)
| | - Charlotte Thålin
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (A.R., S.H., K.A., C.T.)
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3
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Dannenberg L, M'Pembele R, Mourikis P, Helten C, Zako S, Ahlbrecht S, Richter H, Zikeli D, Benkhoff M, Huhn-Wientgen R, Thienel M, Levkau B, Kelm M, Petzold T, Polzin A. Rivaroxaban reduces thromboxane induced platelet aggregation - the forgotten Compass Arm? Platelets 2021; 32:1126-1128. [PMID: 33788669 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1905159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recent guidelines only recommend 'vascular dose' rivaroxaban in combination with aspirin in chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) patients with high risk of ischemic events However, in the COMPASS trial, a reduction of MACCE appeared for low-dose rivaroxaban alone compared to aspirin as well. It was recently shown that FXa induces platelet aggregation via protease activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) which is in turn attenuated by rivaroxaban. However, a potential impact of rivaroxaban on TX B2 formation is unclear.Methods and Results: TX B2 levels were measured in supernatant from washed platelets after FXa (52 µg/ml) induced platelet aggregation. TX B2 levels were significantly higher in supernatant from FXa-stimulated platelets compared to unstimulated control (Control 23.53 ± 14.15 ng/ml vs. FXa stimulated 77.4 ± 64.14 ng/ml; p = .0025). This effect was abolished in the presence of 100pM rivaroxaban (Control 23.53 ± 14.15 ng/ml vs. FXa stimulated and rivaroxaban 22.15 ± 24.74 ng/ml; p = .5142). Next, we investigated the effects of 100pM rivaroxaban on platelet aggregation induced by U46619 (TX receptor agonist) using light transmission aggregometry. Platelet aggregation quantified by maximum of aggregation (MoA%) was significantly lower in presence of rivaroxaban (U46619 40.18 ± 20.51% vs. U46619+ rivaroxaban 19.26 ± 15.46%; p = .0274).Conclusion: Our results indicate direct effects of rivaroxaban on the cyclooxygenase-1- TX axis during platelet aggregation. Hence, it seems reasonable that the 'forgotten compass arm' (rivaroxaban alone) might be an alternative to the rivaroxaban plus aspirin combination in CCS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Dannenberg
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - René M'Pembele
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Mourikis
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Carolin Helten
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Saif Zako
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Samantha Ahlbrecht
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hannah Richter
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Dorothee Zikeli
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcel Benkhoff
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ragnar Huhn-Wientgen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Manuela Thienel
- Medizinische Klinik Und Poliklinik I, Klinikum Der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, Germany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Petzold
- Medizinische Klinik Und Poliklinik I, Klinikum Der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, Germany
| | - Amin Polzin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Cañas CA, Cañas F, Bautista-Vargas M, Bonilla-Abadía F. Role of Tissue Factor in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and the Possible Ways to Inhibit It. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2021; 27:10760296211003983. [PMID: 33784877 PMCID: PMC8020089 DOI: 10.1177/10760296211003983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) is a highly contagious infection and associated with high mortality rates, primarily in elderly; patients with heart failure; high blood pressure; diabetes mellitus; and those who are smokers. These conditions are associated to increase in the level of the pulmonary epithelium expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), which is a recognized receptor of the S protein of the causative agent SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2). Severe cases are manifested by parenchymal lung involvement with a significant inflammatory response and the development of microvascular thrombosis. Several factors have been involved in developing this prothrombotic state, including the inflammatory reaction itself with the participation of proinflammatory cytokines, endothelial dysfunction/endotheliitis, the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, and possibly the tissue factor (TF) overexpression. ARS-Cov-19 ACE-2 down-regulation has been associated with an increase in angiotensin 2 (AT2). The action of proinflammatory cytokines, the increase in AT2 and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies are known factors for TF activation and overexpression. It is very likely that the overexpression of TF in COVID-19 may be related to the pathogenesis of the disease, hence the importance of knowing the aspects related to this protein and the therapeutic strategies that can be derived. Different therapeutic strategies are being built to curb the expression of TF as a therapeutic target for various prothrombotic events; therefore, analyzing this treatment strategy for COVID-19-associated coagulopathy is rational. Medications such as celecoxib, cyclosporine or colchicine can impact on COVID-19, in addition to its anti-inflammatory effect, through inhibition of TF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Cañas
- Unit of Rheumatology, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - Felipe Cañas
- Unit of Cardiology, Clínica Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Fabio Bonilla-Abadía
- Unit of Rheumatology, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
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Spectre G, Mobarrez F, Stålesen R, Östenson CG, Varon D, Wallen H, Hjemdahl P. Meal intake increases circulating procoagulant microparticles in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Platelets 2018; 30:348-355. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1445837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Galia Spectre
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital/Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Hematology Institute, Thrombosis and Heamostasis Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Fariborz Mobarrez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyds Hospital, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ragnhild Stålesen
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital/Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claes-Göran Östenson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital/Solna, Stockholm,Sweden
| | - David Varon
- Department of Hematology, Coagulation Unit, Hadassah –Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Håkan Wallen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyds Hospital, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Hjemdahl
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital/Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Grover SP, Mackman N. Tissue Factor: An Essential Mediator of Hemostasis and Trigger of Thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:709-725. [PMID: 29437578 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is the high-affinity receptor and cofactor for factor (F)VII/VIIa. The TF-FVIIa complex is the primary initiator of blood coagulation and plays an essential role in hemostasis. TF is expressed on perivascular cells and epithelial cells at organ and body surfaces where it forms a hemostatic barrier. TF also provides additional hemostatic protection to vital organs, such as the brain, lung, and heart. Under pathological conditions, TF can trigger both arterial and venous thrombosis. For instance, atherosclerotic plaques contain high levels of TF on macrophage foam cells and microvesicles that drives thrombus formation after plaque rupture. In sepsis, inducible TF expression on monocytes leads to disseminated intravascular coagulation. In cancer patients, tumors release TF-positive microvesicles into the circulation that may contribute to venous thrombosis. TF also has nonhemostatic roles. For instance, TF-dependent activation of the coagulation cascade generates coagulation proteases, such as FVIIa, FXa, and thrombin, which induce signaling in a variety of cells by cleavage of protease-activated receptors. This review will focus on the roles of TF in protective hemostasis and pathological thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Grover
- From the Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Nigel Mackman
- From the Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
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Canzano P, Rossetti L, Ferri N, Balduini A, Abbonante V, Boselli D, De Marco L, Di Minno M, Toschi V, Corsini A, Tremoli E, Brambilla M, Facchinetti L, Camera M. Human megakaryocytes confer tissue factor to a subset of shed platelets to stimulate thrombin generation. Thromb Haemost 2017; 114:579-92. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-10-0830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryTissue factor (TF), the main activator of the blood coagulation cascade, has been shown to be expressed by platelets. Despite the evidence that both megakaryocytes and platelets express TF mRNA, and that platelets can make de novo protein synthesis, the main mechanism thought to be responsible for the presence of TF within platelets is through the uptake of TF positive microparticles. In this study we assessed 1) whether human megakaryocytes synthesise TF and transfer it to platelets and 2) the contribution of platelet-TF to the platelet hemostatic capacity. In order to avoid the cross-talk with circulating microparticles, we took advantage from an in vitro cultured megakaryoblastic cell line (Meg-01) able to differentiate into megakaryocytes releasing platelet-like particles. We show that functionally active TF is expressed in human megakaryoblasts, increased in megakaryocytes, and is transferred to a subset of shed platelets where it contributes to clot formation. These data were all confirmed in human CD34pos- derived megakaryocytes and in their released platelets. The effect of TF silencing in Meg-megakaryoblasts resulted in a significant reduction of TF expression in these cells and also in Meg-megakaryocytes and Meg-platelets. Moreover, the contribution of platelet-TF to the platelet hemostatic capacity was highlighted by the significant delay in the kinetic of thrombin formation observed in platelets released by TF-silenced megakaryocytes. These findings provide evidences that TF is an endogenously synthesised protein that characterises megakaryocyte maturation and that it is transferred to a subset of newly-released platelets where it is functionally active and able to trigger thrombin generation.
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8
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Surman M, Stępień E, Hoja-Łukowicz D, Przybyło M. Deciphering the role of ectosomes in cancer development and progression: focus on the proteome. Clin Exp Metastasis 2017; 34:273-289. [PMID: 28317069 PMCID: PMC5442264 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-017-9844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ectosomes are small heterogeneous membrane vesicles generated by budding from the plasma membrane in a variety of cell types and, more frequently, in tumor cells. They are shed into the extracellular space and are proposed as a novel form of intracellular communication in which information is transmitted from the originating cell to recipient cells without direct cell-to-cell contact. This review focuses on a single population of extracellular vesicles-ectosomes. We summarize recent studies of tumor-derived ectosomes which examine their biogenesis and protein cargo, and their influence on different aspects of cancer progression. We discuss possible clinical implications involving ectosomes as potential biomarkers, diagnostic tools and treatment targets in oncology. The unique composition of the molecules (cargo) that ectosomes carry, and their functional role, depends largely on the state of their originating cell. Through horizontal transfer of a variety of biologically active molecules (including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids) between donor and recipient cells, tumor-derived ectosomes may play functional roles in oncogenic transformation, tumor progression, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis promotion, escape from immune surveillance, and drug resistance, thereby facilitating disease progression. The presence of tumor-derived ectosomes in body fluids such as the blood and urine of cancer patients makes them potentially useful prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Tumor-derived ectosomes also offer possible targets for multiple therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Surman
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Stępień
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dorota Hoja-Łukowicz
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Przybyło
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
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Gardiner C, Harrison P, Belting M, Böing A, Campello E, Carter BS, Collier ME, Coumans F, Ettelaie C, van Es N, Hochberg FH, Mackman N, Rennert RC, Thaler J, Rak J, Nieuwland R. Extracellular vesicles, tissue factor, cancer and thrombosis - discussion themes of the ISEV 2014 Educational Day. J Extracell Vesicles 2015; 4:26901. [PMID: 25773446 PMCID: PMC4359985 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v4.26901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the association between cancer and venous thromboembolism (VTE) has long been known, the mechanisms are poorly understood. Circulating tissue factor–bearing extracellular vesicles have been proposed as a possible explanation for the increased risk of VTE observed in some types of cancer. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) and International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) held a joint Educational Day in April 2014 to discuss the latest developments in this field. This review discusses the themes of that event and the ISEV 2014 meeting that followed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Gardiner
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Level 3 Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK;
| | - Paul Harrison
- School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mattias Belting
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anita Böing
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Campello
- Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Bob S Carter
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mary E Collier
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Frank Coumans
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Centre of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Camille Ettelaie
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, The University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Nick van Es
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fred H Hochberg
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology and Program in Neuroscience, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Department of Medicine, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert C Rennert
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Johannes Thaler
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janusz Rak
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal Children's Hospital Research Institute MUHC, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bode MF, Mackman N. Protective and pathological roles of tissue factor in the heart. Hamostaseologie 2014; 35:37-46. [PMID: 25434707 DOI: 10.5482/hamo-14-09-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tissue factor (TF) is expressed in the heart where it is required for haemostasis. High levels of TF are also expressed in atherosclerotic plaques and likely contribute to atherothrombosis after plaque rupture. Indeed, risk factors for atherothrombosis, such as diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking and hypertension, are associated with increased TF expression in circulating monocytes, microparticles and plasma. Several therapies that reduce atherothrombosis, such as statins, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers and anti-platelet drugs, are associated with reduced TF expression. In addition to its haemostatic and pro-thrombotic functions, the TF : FVIIa complex and downstream coagulation proteases activate cells by cleavage of protease-activated receptors (PARs). In mice, deficiencies in either PAR-1 or PAR-2 reduce cardiac remodelling and heart failure after ischaemia-reperfusion injury. This suggests that inhibition of coagulation proteases and PARs may be protective in heart attack patients. In contrast, the TF/thrombin/PAR-1 pathway is beneficial in a mouse model of Coxsackievirus B3-induced viral myocarditis. We found that stimulation of PAR-1 increases the innate immune response by enhancing TLR3-dependent IFN-β expression. Therefore, inhibition of the TF/thrombin/PAR-1 pathway in patients with viral myocarditis could have detrimental effects. CONCLUSION The TF : FVIIa complex has both protective and pathological roles in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N Mackman
- Nigel Mackman, Ph.D., FAHA, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, 111 Mason Farm Road, 2312B Medical Biomolecular Research Bldg., CB #7126, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA, E-mail:
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11
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Chaturvedi S, Cockrell E, Espinola R, Hsi L, Fulton S, Khan M, Li L, Fonseca F, Kundu S, McCrae KR. Circulating microparticles in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies: characterization and associations. Thromb Res 2014; 135:102-8. [PMID: 25467081 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by venous or arterial thrombosis and/or recurrent fetal loss in the presence of circulating antiphospholipid antibodies. These antibodies cause activation of endothelial and other cell types leading to the release of microparticles with procoagulant and pro-inflammatory properties. The aims of this study were to characterize the levels of endothelial cell, monocyte or platelet derived, and tissue factor-bearing microparticles in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies, to determine the association of circulating microparticles with anticardiolipin and anti-β2-glycoprotein antibodies, and to define the cellular origin of microparticles that express tissue factor. Microparticle content within citrated blood from 47 patients with antiphospholipid antibodies and 144 healthy controls was analyzed within 2hours of venipuncture. Levels of Annexin-V, CD105 and CD144 (endothelial derived), CD41 (platelet derived) and tissue factor positive microparticles were significantly higher in patients than controls. Though levels of CD14 (monocyte-derived) microparticles in patient plasma were not significantly increased, increased levels of CD14 and tissue factor positive microparticles were observed in patients. Levels of microparticles that stained for CD105 and CD144 showed a positive correlation with IgG (R=0.60, p=0.006) and IgM anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies (R=0.58, p=0.006). The elevation of endothelial and platelet derived microparticles in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies and their correlation with anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies suggests a chronic state of vascular cell activation in these individuals and an important role for β2-glycoprotein I in development of the pro-thrombotic state associated with antiphospholipid antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Chaturvedi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Erin Cockrell
- St Joseph Cancer Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ricardo Espinola
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Linda Hsi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Stacey Fulton
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Mohammad Khan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Fabio Fonseca
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Suman Kundu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Keith R McCrae
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
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