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Tsilafakis K, Mavroidis M. Are the Head and Tail Domains of Intermediate Filaments Really Unstructured Regions? Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:633. [PMID: 38790262 PMCID: PMC11121635 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are integral components of the cytoskeleton which provide cells with tissue-specific mechanical properties and are involved in a plethora of cellular processes. Unfortunately, due to their intricate architecture, the 3D structure of the complete molecule of IFs has remained unresolved. Even though most of the rod domain structure has been revealed by means of crystallographic analyses, the flanked head and tail domains are still mostly unknown. Only recently have studies shed light on head or tail domains of IFs, revealing certainsecondary structures and conformational changes during IF assembly. Thus, a deeper understanding of their structure could provide insights into their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Tsilafakis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Manolis Mavroidis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
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2
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Xie S, Yang X, Yang X, Cao Z, Wei N, Lin X, Shi M, Cao R. Japanese encephalitis virus NS1 and NS1' proteins induce vimentin rearrangement via the CDK1-PLK1 axis to promote viral replication. J Virol 2024; 98:e0019524. [PMID: 38656209 PMCID: PMC11092344 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00195-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The host cytoskeleton plays crucial roles in various stages of virus infection, including viral entry, transport, replication, and release. However, the specific mechanisms by which intermediate filaments are involved in orthoflavivirus infection have not been well understood. In this study, we demonstrate that the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) remodels the vimentin network, resulting in the formation of cage-like structures that support viral replication. Mechanistically, JEV NS1 and NS1' proteins induce the translocation of CDK1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and interact with it, leading to the phosphorylation of vimentin at Ser56. This phosphorylation event recruits PLK1, which further phosphorylates vimentin at Ser83. Consequently, these phosphorylation modifications convert the typically filamentous vimentin into non-filamentous "particles" or "squiggles." These vimentin "particles" or "squiggles" are then transported retrogradely along microtubules to the endoplasmic reticulum, where they form cage-like structures. Notably, NS1' is more effective than NS1 in triggering the CDK1-PLK1 cascade response. Overall, our study provides new insights into how JEV NS1 and NS1' proteins manipulate the vimentin network to facilitate efficient viral replication. IMPORTANCE Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne orthoflavivirus that causes severe encephalitis in humans, particularly in Asia. Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, JEV infection remains a significant public health threat due to limited vaccination coverage. Understanding the interactions between JEV and host proteins is essential for developing more effective antiviral strategies. In this study, we investigated the role of vimentin, an intermediate filament protein, in JEV replication. Our findings reveal that JEV NS1 and NS1' proteins induce vimentin rearrangement, resulting in the formation of cage-like structures that envelop the viral replication factories (RFs), thus facilitating efficient viral replication. Our research highlights the importance of the interplay between the cytoskeleton and orthoflavivirus, suggesting that targeting vimentin could be a promising approach for the development of antiviral strategies to inhibit JEV propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengda Xie
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingmiao Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyu Cao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Wei
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinxin Lin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miaolei Shi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruibing Cao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Pajares MA, Pérez-Sala D. Type III intermediate filaments in redox interplay: key role of the conserved cysteine residue. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:849-860. [PMID: 38451193 PMCID: PMC11088922 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are cytoskeletal elements involved in mechanotransduction and in the integration of cellular responses. They are versatile structures and their assembly and organization are finely tuned by posttranslational modifications. Among them, type III IFs, mainly vimentin, have been identified as targets of multiple oxidative and electrophilic modifications. A characteristic of most type III IF proteins is the presence in their sequence of a single, conserved cysteine residue (C328 in vimentin), that is a hot spot for these modifications and appears to play a key role in the ability of the filament network to respond to oxidative stress. Current structural models and experimental evidence indicate that this cysteine residue may occupy a strategic position in the filaments in such a way that perturbations at this site, due to chemical modification or mutation, impact filament assembly or organization in a structure-dependent manner. Cysteine-dependent regulation of vimentin can be modulated by interaction with divalent cations, such as zinc, and by pH. Importantly, vimentin remodeling induced by C328 modification may affect its interaction with cellular organelles, as well as the cross-talk between cytoskeletal networks, as seems to be the case for the reorganization of actin filaments in response to oxidants and electrophiles. In summary, the evidence herein reviewed delineates a complex interplay in which type III IFs emerge both as targets and modulators of redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A. Pajares
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, C.S.I.C., Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez-Sala
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, C.S.I.C., Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Yadav B, Kaur S, Yadav A, Verma H, Kar S, Sahu BK, Pati KR, Sarkar B, Dhiman M, Mantha AK. Implications of organophosphate pesticides on brain cells and their contribution toward progression of Alzheimer's disease. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23660. [PMID: 38356323 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The most widespread neurodegenerative disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by severe behavioral abnormalities, cognitive and functional impairments. It is inextricably linked with the deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and tau protein in the brain. Loss of white matter, neurons, synapses, and reactive microgliosis are also frequently observed in patients of AD. Although the causative mechanisms behind the neuropathological alterations in AD are not fully understood, they are likely influenced by hereditary and environmental factors. The etiology and pathogenesis of AD are significantly influenced by the cells of the central nervous system, namely, glial cells and neurons, which are directly engaged in the transmission of electrical signals and the processing of information. Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) can trigger inflammatory responses in glial cells, leading to various cascades of events that contribute to neuroinflammation, neuronal damage, and ultimately, AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, there are striking similarities between the biomarkers associated with AD and OPPs, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, dysregulation of microRNA, and accumulation of toxic protein aggregates, such as amyloid β. These shared markers suggest a potential mechanistic link between OPP exposure and AD pathology. In this review, we attempt to address the role of OPPs on altered cell physiology of the brain cells leading to neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress linked with AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sharanjot Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anuradha Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Harkomal Verma
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Swastitapa Kar
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Binit Kumar Sahu
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Kumari Riya Pati
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Bibekanada Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mantha
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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Sun J, Li P, Gui H, Rittié L, Lombard DB, Rietscher K, Magin TM, Xie Q, Liu L, Omary MB. Deacetylation via SIRT2 prevents keratin-mutation-associated injury and keratin aggregation. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e166314. [PMID: 37485877 PMCID: PMC10443796 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratin (K) and other intermediate filament (IF) protein mutations at conserved arginines disrupt keratin filaments into aggregates and cause human epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS; K14-R125C) or predispose to mouse liver injury (K18-R90C). The challenge for more than 70 IF-associated diseases is the lack of clinically utilized IF-targeted therapies. We used high-throughput drug screening to identify compounds that normalized mutation-triggered keratin filament disruption. Parthenolide, a plant sesquiterpene lactone, dramatically reversed keratin filament disruption and protected cells and mice expressing K18-R90C from apoptosis. K18-R90C became hyperacetylated compared with K18-WT and treatment with parthenolide normalized K18 acetylation. Parthenolide upregulated the NAD-dependent SIRT2, and increased SIRT2-keratin association. SIRT2 knockdown or pharmacologic inhibition blocked the parthenolide effect, while site-specific Lys-to-Arg mutation of keratin acetylation sites normalized K18-R90C filaments. Treatment of K18-R90C-expressing cells and mice with nicotinamide mononucleotide had a parthenolide-like protective effect. In 2 human K18 variants that associate with human fatal drug-induced liver injury, parthenolide protected K18-D89H- but not K8-K393R-induced filament disruption and cell death. Importantly, parthenolide normalized K14-R125C-mediated filament disruption in keratinocytes and inhibited dispase-triggered keratinocyte sheet fragmentation and Fas-mediated apoptosis. Therefore, keratin acetylation may provide a novel therapeutic target for some keratin-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Sun
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Pei Li
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Honglian Gui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Laure Rittié
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David B. Lombard
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Katrin Rietscher
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Magin
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - M. Bishr Omary
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Iida N, Kawahara M, Hirota R, Shibagaki Y, Hattori S, Morikawa Y. A Proteomic Analysis of Detergent-Resistant Membranes in HIV Virological Synapse: The Involvement of Vimentin in CD4 Polarization. Viruses 2023; 15:1266. [PMID: 37376566 DOI: 10.3390/v15061266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell-cell contact between HIV-1-infected and uninfected cells forms a virological synapse (VS) to allow for efficient HIV-1 transmission. Not only are HIV-1 components polarized and accumulate at cell-cell interfaces, but viral receptors and lipid raft markers are also. To better understand the nature of the HIV-1 VS, detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) fractions were isolated from an infected-uninfected cell coculture and compared to those from non-coculture samples using 2D fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis. Mass spectrometry revealed that ATP-related enzymes (ATP synthase subunit and vacuolar-type proton ATPase), protein translation factors (eukaryotic initiation factor 4A and mitochondrial elongation factor Tu), protein quality-control-related factors (protein disulfide isomerase A3 and 26S protease regulatory subunit), charged multivesicular body protein 4B, and vimentin were recruited to the VS. Membrane flotation centrifugation of the DRM fractions and confocal microscopy confirmed these findings. We further explored how vimentin contributes to the HIV-1 VS and found that vimentin supports HIV-1 transmission through the recruitment of CD4 to the cell-cell interface. Since many of the molecules identified in this study have previously been suggested to be involved in HIV-1 infection, we suggest that a 2D difference gel analysis of DRM-associated proteins may reveal the molecules that play crucial roles in HIV-1 cell-cell transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Iida
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Shirokane 5-9-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Madoka Kawahara
- Omura Satoshi Memorial Institute and Graduate School for Infection Control, Kitasato University, Shirokane 5-9-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Riku Hirota
- Omura Satoshi Memorial Institute and Graduate School for Infection Control, Kitasato University, Shirokane 5-9-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshio Shibagaki
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Shirokane 5-9-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Seisuke Hattori
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Shirokane 5-9-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yuko Morikawa
- Omura Satoshi Memorial Institute and Graduate School for Infection Control, Kitasato University, Shirokane 5-9-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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7
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Rietscher K, Jahnke HG, Rübsam M, Lin EW, Has C, Omary MB, Niessen CM, Magin TM. Kinase Inhibition by PKC412 Prevents Epithelial Sheet Damage in Autosomal Dominant Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex through Keratin and Cell Contact Stabilization. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:3282-3293. [PMID: 35691363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a severe and potentially life-threatening disorder for which no adequate therapy exists. Most cases are caused by dominant sequence variations in keratin genes K5 or K14, leading to the formation of cytoplasmic keratin aggregates, profound keratinocyte fragility, and cytolysis. We hypothesized that pharmacological reduction of keratin aggregates, which compromise keratinocyte integrity, represents a viable strategy for the treatment of EBS. In this study, we show that the multikinase inhibitor PKC412, which is currently in clinical use for acute myeloid leukemia and advanced systemic mastocytosis, reduced keratin aggregation by 40% in patient-derived K14.R125C EBS-associated keratinocytes. Using a combination of epithelial shear stress assay and real-time impedance spectroscopy, we show that PKC412 restored intercellular adhesion. Molecularly, global phosphoproteomic analysis together with immunoblots using phosphoepitope-specific antibodies revealed that PKC412 treatment altered phosphorylated sites on keratins and desmoplakin. Thus, our data provide a proof of concept to repurpose existing drugs for the targeted treatment of EBS and showcase how one broad-range kinase inhibitor reduced keratin filament aggregation in patient-derived EBS keratinocytes and the fragility of EBS cell monolayers. Our study paves the way for a clinical trial using PKC412 for systemic or local application in patients with EBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Rietscher
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Heinz-Georg Jahnke
- Division of Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Rübsam
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department Cell Biology of the Skin, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eric W Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Carien M Niessen
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department Cell Biology of the Skin, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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McGinn O, Riley D, Finlay-Schultz J, Paul KV, Kabos P, Sartorius CA. Cytokeratins 5 and 17 Maintain an Aggressive Epithelial State in Basal-Like Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1443-1455. [PMID: 35639459 PMCID: PMC9444965 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancers (BLBC) are the most common triple-negative subtype (hormone receptor and HER2 negative) with poor short-term disease outcome and are commonly identified by expression of basal cytokeratins (CK) 5 and 17. The goal of this study was to investigate whether CK5 and CK17 play a role in adverse behavior of BLBC cells. BLBC cell lines contain heterogeneous populations of cells expressing CK5, CK17, and the mesenchymal filament protein vimentin. Stable shRNA knockdown of either CK5 or CK17 compared with non-targeting control in BLBC cells was sufficient to promote an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene signature with loss of E-cadherin and an increase in vimentin expression. Relative to control cells, CK5 and CK17 knockdown cells acquired a more spindle-like morphology with increased cell scattering and were more invasive in vitro. However, CK5 or CK17 knockdown compared with control cells generated decreased lymph node and lung metastases in vivo. Loss of CK5 or CK17 moderately reduced the IC50 dose of doxorubicin in vitro and led to increased doxorubicin efficacy in vivo. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of BLBC patient-derived xenografts identified heterogeneous populations of CK5/CK17, vimentin, and dual basal CK/vimentin-positive cells that fell on an EMT spectrum of epithelial, mesenchymal, and intermediate, respectively, whereas knockdown of CK5 transitioned cells toward a more mesenchymal score. IMPLICATIONS This study supports that basal CKs 5 and 17 contribute to the adverse behavior of BLBC cells and could be an untapped source of therapeutic vulnerability for this aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia McGinn
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Duncan Riley
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jessica Finlay-Schultz
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kiran V. Paul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Peter Kabos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carol A. Sartorius
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Jeong S, Ahn J, Jo I, Kang SM, Park BJ, Cho HS, Kim YH, Ha NC. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 depolymerizes nuclear lamin filaments by disrupting the head-to-tail interaction of the lamin central rod domain. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102256. [PMID: 35839855 PMCID: PMC9400090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear lamins maintain the nuclear envelope structure by forming long linear filaments via two alternating molecular arrangements of coiled-coil dimers, known as A11 and A22 binding modes. The A11 binding mode is characterized by the antiparallel interactions between coil 1b domains, whereas the A22 binding mode is facilitated by interactions between the coil 2 domains of lamin. The junction between A11- and A22-interacting dimers in the lamin tetramer produces another parallel head–tail interaction between coil 1a and the C-terminal region of coil 2, called the ACN interaction. During mitosis, phosphorylation in the lamin N-terminal head region by the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complex triggers depolymerization of lamin filaments, but the associated mechanisms remain unknown at the molecular level. In this study, we revealed using the purified proteins that phosphorylation by the CDK1 complex promotes disassembly of lamin filaments by directly abolishing the ACN interaction between coil 1a and the C-terminal portion of coil 2. We further observed that this interaction was disrupted as a result of alteration of the ionic interactions between coil 1a and coil 2. Combined with molecular modeling, we propose a mechanism for CDK1-dependent disassembly of the lamin filaments. Our results will help to elucidate the cell cycle–dependent regulation of nuclear morphology at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, CALS, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsook Ahn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, CALS, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Inseong Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, CALS, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Mi Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Department of Systems Biology and Division of Life Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hak Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Chul Ha
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, CALS, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Global O-GlcNAcylation changes impact desmin phosphorylation and its partition toward cytoskeleton in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells differentiated into myotubes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9831. [PMID: 35701470 PMCID: PMC9198038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmin is the guardian of striated muscle integrity, permitting the maintenance of muscle shape and the efficiency of contractile activity. It is also a key mediator of cell homeostasis and survival. To ensure the fine regulation of skeletal muscle processes, desmin is regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs). It is more precisely phosphorylated by several kinases connecting desmin to intracellular processes. Desmin is also modified by O-GlcNAcylation, an atypical glycosylation. However, the functional consequence of O-GlcNAcylation on desmin is still unknown, nor its impact on desmin phosphorylation. In a model of C2C12 myotubes, we modulated the global O-GlcNAcylation level, and we determined whether the expression, the PTMs and the partition of desmin toward insoluble material or cytoskeleton were impacted or not. We have demonstrated in the herein paper that O-GlcNAcylation variations led to changes in desmin behaviour. In particular, our data clearly showed that O-GlcNAcylation increase led to a decrease of phosphorylation level on desmin that seems to involve CamKII correlated to a decrease of its partition toward cytoskeleton. Our data showed that phosphorylation/O-GlcNAcylation interplay is highly complex on desmin, supporting that a PTMs signature could occur on desmin to finely regulate its partition (i.e. distribution) with a spatio-temporal regulation.
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11
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Surolia R, Antony VB. Pathophysiological Role of Vimentin Intermediate Filaments in Lung Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:872759. [PMID: 35573702 PMCID: PMC9096236 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.872759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vimentin intermediate filaments, a type III intermediate filament, are among the most widely studied IFs and are found abundantly in mesenchymal cells. Vimentin intermediate filaments localize primarily in the cytoplasm but can also be found on the cell surface and extracellular space. The cytoplasmic vimentin is well-recognized for its role in providing mechanical strength and regulating cell migration, adhesion, and division. The post-translationally modified forms of Vimentin intermediate filaments have several implications in host-pathogen interactions, cancers, and non-malignant lung diseases. This review will analyze the role of vimentin beyond just the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker highlighting its role as a regulator of host-pathogen interactions and signaling pathways for the pathophysiology of various lung diseases. In addition, we will also examine the clinically relevant anti-vimentin compounds and antibodies that could potentially interfere with the pathogenic role of Vimentin intermediate filaments in lung disease.
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12
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Hakibilen C, Delort F, Daher MT, Joanne P, Cabet E, Cardoso O, Bourgois-Rocha F, Tian C, Rivas E, Madruga M, Ferreiro A, Lilienbaum A, Vicart P, Agbulut O, Hénon S, Batonnet-Pichon S. Desmin Modulates Muscle Cell Adhesion and Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:783724. [PMID: 35350386 PMCID: PMC8957967 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.783724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular adhesion and migration are key functions that are disrupted in numerous diseases. We report that desmin, a type-III muscle-specific intermediate filament, is a novel cell adhesion regulator. Expression of p.R406W mutant desmin, identified in patients with desmin-related myopathy, modified focal adhesion area and expression of adhesion-signaling genes in myogenic C2C12 cells. Satellite cells extracted from desmin-knock-out (DesKO) and desmin-knock-in-p.R405W (DesKI-R405W) mice were less adhesive and migrated faster than those from wild-type mice. Moreover, we observed mislocalized and aggregated vinculin, a key component of cell adhesion, in DesKO and DesKI-R405W muscles. Vinculin expression was also increased in desmin-related myopathy patient muscles. Together, our results establish a novel role for desmin in cell-matrix adhesion, an essential process for strength transmission, satellite cell migration and muscle regeneration. Our study links the patho-physiological mechanisms of desminopathies to adhesion/migration defects, and may lead to new cellular targets for novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pierre Joanne
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
| | - Eva Cabet
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Cuixia Tian
- Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Eloy Rivas
- Servicio de Anatomia Patologica, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marcos Madruga
- Unidad de Neurologia Pediatrica, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Ferreiro
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France.,APHP, Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Patrick Vicart
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, MSC, UMR 7067, CNRS, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Servicio de Anatomia Patologica, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain.,Unidad de Neurologia Pediatrica, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain.,APHP, Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Hénon
- Université de Paris, MSC, UMR 7067, CNRS, Paris, France
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13
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Ayanlaja AA, Hong X, Cheng B, Zhou H, Kanwore K, Alphayo-Kambey P, Zhang L, Tang C, Adeyanju MM, Gao D. Susceptibility of cytoskeletal-associated proteins for tumor progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:13. [PMID: 34964908 PMCID: PMC11072373 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The traditional functions of cytoskeletal-associated proteins (CAPs) in line with polymerization and stabilization of the cytoskeleton have evolved and are currently underrated in oncology. Although therapeutic drugs have been developed to target the cytoskeletal components directly in cancer treatment, several recently established therapeutic agents designed for new targets block the proliferation of cancer cells and suppress resistance to existing target agents. It would seem like these targets only work toward inhibiting the polymerization of cytoskeletal components or hindering mitotic spindle formation in cancer cells, but a large body of literature points to CAPs and their culpability in cell signaling, molecular conformation, organelle trafficking, cellular metabolism, and genomic modifications. Here, we review those underappreciated functions of CAPs, and we delineate the implications of cellular signaling instigated by evasive properties induced by aberrant expression of CAPs in response to stress or failure to exert normal functions. We present an analogy establishing CAPs as vulnerable targets for cancer systems and credible oncotargets. This review establishes a paradigm in which the cancer machinery may commandeer the conventional functions of CAPs for survival, drug resistance, and energy generation; an interesting feature overdue for attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiola Abdulrahman Ayanlaja
- Public Experimental Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 201 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Hong
- Public Experimental Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- The Affiliated Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Public Experimental Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kouminin Kanwore
- Public Experimental Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Piniel Alphayo-Kambey
- Public Experimental Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Public Experimental Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanxi Tang
- Public Experimental Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Dianshuai Gao
- Public Experimental Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Korver S, Bowen J, Pearson K, Gonzalez RJ, French N, Park K, Jenkins R, Goldring C. The application of cytokeratin-18 as a biomarker for drug-induced liver injury. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3435-3448. [PMID: 34322741 PMCID: PMC8492595 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a frequent and dangerous adverse effect faced during preclinical and clinical drug therapy. DILI is a leading cause of candidate drug attrition, withdrawal and in clinic, is the primary cause of acute liver failure. Traditional diagnostic markers for DILI include alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Yet, these routinely used diagnostic markers have several noteworthy limitations, restricting their sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in diagnosing DILI. Consequently, new biomarkers for DILI need to be identified.A potential biomarker for DILI is cytokeratin-18 (CK18), an intermediate filament protein highly abundant in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Extensively researched in a variety of clinical settings, both full length and cleaved forms of CK18 can diagnose early-stage DILI and provide insight into the mechanism of hepatocellular injury compared to traditionally used diagnostic markers. However, relatively little research has been conducted on CK18 in preclinical models of DILI. In particular, CK18 and its relationship with DILI is yet to be characterised in an in vivo rat model. Such characterization of CK18 and ccCK18 responses may enable their use as translational biomarkers for hepatotoxicity and facilitate management of clinical DILI risk in drug development. The aim of this review is to discuss the application of CK18 as a biomarker for DILI. Specifically, this review will highlight the properties of CK18, summarise clinical research that utilised CK18 to diagnose DILI and examine the current challenges preventing the characterisation of CK18 in an in vivo rat model of DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Korver
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Joanne Bowen
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | - Neil French
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kevin Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rosalind Jenkins
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher Goldring
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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15
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Benoit B, Baillet A, Poüs C. Cytoskeleton and Associated Proteins: Pleiotropic JNK Substrates and Regulators. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8375. [PMID: 34445080 PMCID: PMC8395060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review extensively reports data from the literature concerning the complex relationships between the stress-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and the four main cytoskeleton elements, which are actin filaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments, and septins. To a lesser extent, we also focused on the two membrane-associated cytoskeletons spectrin and ESCRT-III. We gather the mechanisms controlling cytoskeleton-associated JNK activation and the known cytoskeleton-related substrates directly phosphorylated by JNK. We also point out specific locations of the JNK upstream regulators at cytoskeletal components. We finally compile available techniques and tools that could allow a better characterization of the interplay between the different types of cytoskeleton filaments upon JNK-mediated stress and during development. This overview may bring new important information for applied medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Benoit
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR-S-1193, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Anita Baillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR-S-1193, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Christian Poüs
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR-S-1193, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (A.B.); (C.P.)
- Biochimie-Hormonologie, AP-HP Université Paris-Saclay, Site Antoine Béclère, 157 Rue de la Porte de Trivaux, 92141 Clamart, France
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16
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Kim S, Lim Y, Lee SY, Yoon HN, Yi H, Jang KH, Ku NO. Keratin 8 mutations in transgenic mice predispose to lung injury. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs250167. [PMID: 34342355 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.250167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin 8 (K8) is the cytoskeletal intermediate filament protein of simple-type epithelia. Mutations in K8 predispose the affected individual and transgenic mouse to liver disease. However, the role of K8 in the lung has not been reported in mutant transgenic mouse models. Here, we investigated the susceptibility of two different transgenic mice expressing K8 Gly62-Cys (Gly62 replaced with Cys) or Ser74-Ala (Ser74 replaced with Ala) to lung injury. The mutant transgenic mice were highly susceptible to two independent acute and chronic lung injuries compared with control mice. Both K8 Gly62-Cys mice and K8 Ser74-Ala mice showed markedly increased mouse lethality (∼74% mutant mice versus ∼34% control mice) and more severe lung damage, with increased inflammation and apoptosis, under L-arginine-mediated acute lung injury. Moreover, the K8 Ser74-Ala mice had more severe lung damage, with extensive hemorrhage and prominent fibrosis, under bleomycin-induced chronic lung injury. Our study provides the first direct evidence that K8 mutations predispose to lung injury in transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Younglan Lim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Han-Na Yoon
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hayan Yi
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kwi-Hoon Jang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Nam-On Ku
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department of Bio-Convergence ISED, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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17
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MacTaggart B, Kashina A. Posttranslational modifications of the cytoskeleton. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2021; 78:142-173. [PMID: 34152688 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton plays important roles in many essential processes at the cellular and organismal levels, including cell migration and motility, cell division, and the establishment and maintenance of cell and tissue architecture. In order to facilitate these varied functions, the main cytoskeletal components-microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments-must form highly diverse intracellular arrays in different subcellular areas and cell types. The question of how this diversity is conferred has been the focus of research for decades. One key mechanism is the addition of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) to the major cytoskeletal proteins. This posttranslational addition of various chemical groups dramatically increases the complexity of the cytoskeletal proteome and helps facilitate major global and local cytoskeletal functions. Cytoskeletal proteins undergo many PTMs, most of which are not well understood. Recent technological advances in proteomics and cell biology have allowed for the in-depth study of individual PTMs and their functions in the cytoskeleton. Here, we provide an overview of the major PTMs that occur on the main structural components of the three cytoskeletal systems-tubulin, actin, and intermediate filament proteins-and highlight the cellular function of these modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany MacTaggart
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Kashina
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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18
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Lim Y, Ku NO. Revealing the Roles of Keratin 8/18-Associated Signaling Proteins Involved in the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6401. [PMID: 34203895 PMCID: PMC8232640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is developed with various etiologies, protection of hepatocytes seems basically essential to prevent the incidence of HCC. Keratin 8 and keratin 18 (K8/K18) are cytoskeletal intermediate filament proteins that are expressed in hepatocytes. They maintain the cell shape and protect cells under stress conditions. Their protective roles in liver damage have been described in studies of mouse models, and K8/K18 mutation frequency in liver patients. Interestingly, K8/K18 bind to signaling proteins such as transcription factors and protein kinases involved in HCC development. Since K8/K18 are abundant cytoskeletal proteins, K8/K18 binding with the signaling factors can alter the availability of the factors. Herein, we discuss the potential roles of K8/K18 in HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younglan Lim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Nam-On Ku
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Department of Bio-Convergence ISED, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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19
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Quantitative Phosphoproteomic Comparison of Lens Proteins in Highly Myopic Cataract and Age-Related Cataract. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6668845. [PMID: 34055996 PMCID: PMC8130905 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6668845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate and compare the lens phosphoproteomes in patients with highly myopic cataract (HMC) or age-related cataract (ARC). Methods In this study, we undertook a comparative phosphoproteome analysis of the lenses from patients with HMC or ARC. Intact lenses from ARC and HMC patients were separated into the cortex and nucleus. After protein digestion, the phosphopeptides were quantitatively analyzed with TiO2 enrichment and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The potential functions of different phosphopeptides were assessed by Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Results In total, 522 phosphorylation sites in 164 phosphoproteins were identified. The number of phosphorylation sites was significantly higher in the cortex than in the nucleus, in both ARC and HMC lenses. The differentially phosphorylated peptides in the lens cortex and nucleus in HMC eyes were significantly involved in the glutathione metabolism pathway. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the differences in phosphosignaling mediators between the ARC and HMC lenses were associated with glycolysis and the level of phosphorylated phosphoglycerate kinase 1 was lower in HMC lenses than in ARC lenses. Conclusions We provide an overview of the differential phosphoproteomes of HMC and ARC lenses that can be used to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying their different phenotypes.
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20
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Tiwari R, Ganguli N, Alam H, Sahu I, Vadivel CK, Sinha S, Patel S, Jamghare SN, Bane S, Thorat R, Majumdar SS, Vaidya MM. Generation of a tissue-specific transgenic model for K8 phosphomutants: A tool to investigate the role of K8 phosphorylation during skin carcinogenesis in vivo. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1720-1732. [PMID: 33847415 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Keratin 8/18, the predominant keratin pair of simple epithelia, is known to be aberrantly expressed in several squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), where its expression is often correlated with increased invasion, neoplastic progression, and poor prognosis. The majority of keratin 8/18 structural and regulatory functions are governed by posttranslational modifications, particularly phosphorylation. Apart from filament reorganization, cellular processes including cell cycle, cell growth, cellular stress, and apoptosis are known to be orchestrated by K8 phosphorylation at specific residues in the head and tail domains. Even though deregulation of K8 phosphorylation at two significant sites (Serine73 /Serine431 ) has been implicated in neoplastic progression of SCCs by various in vitro studies, including ours, it is reported to be highly context-dependent. Therefore, to delineate the precise role of Kereatin 8 phosphorylation in cancer initiation and progression, we have developed the tissue-specific transgenic mouse model expressing Keratin 8 wild type and phosphodead mutants under Keratin 14 promoter. Subjecting these mice to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-mediated skin carcinogenesis revealed that Keratin 8 phosphorylation may lead to an early onset of tumors compared to Keratin 8 wild-type expressing mice. Conclusively, the transgenic mouse model developed in the present study ascertained a positive impact of Keratin 8 phosphorylation on the neoplastic transformation of skin-squamous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Tiwari
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research, and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Hunain Alam
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research, and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Indrajit Sahu
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research, and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
| | | | - Shruti Sinha
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research, and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Shweta Patel
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research, and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sayli Nitin Jamghare
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research, and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjay Bane
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research, and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Milind M Vaidya
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research, and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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21
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Kloetzel JA, Aubusson-Fleury A, Butler MD, Banerjee D, Mozzicafreddo M. Sequence and Properties of Cagein, a Coiled-Coil Scaffold Protein Linking Basal Bodies in the Polykinetids of the Ciliate Euplotes aediculatus. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2021; 68:e12850. [PMID: 33738894 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the hypotrich ciliate Euplotes, many individual basal bodies are grouped together in tightly packed clusters, forming ventral polykinetids. These groups of basal bodies (which produce compound ciliary organelles such as cirri and oral membranelles) are cross-linked into ordered arrays by scaffold structures known as "basal-body cages." The major protein comprising Euplotes cages has been previously identified and termed "cagein." Screening a E. aediculatus cDNA expression library with anti-cagein antisera identified a DNA insert containing most of a putative cagein gene; standard PCR techniques were used to complete the sequence. Probes designed from this gene identified a macronuclear "nanochromosome" of ca. 1.5 kb in Southern blots against whole-cell DNA. The protein derived from this sequence (463 residues) is predicted to be hydrophilic and highly charged; however, the native cage structures are highly resistant to salt/detergent extraction. This insolubility could be explained by the coiled-coil regions predicted to extend over much of the length of the derived cagein polypeptide. One frameshift sequence is found within the gene, as well as a short intron. BLAST searches find many ciliates with evident homologues to cagein within their derived genomic sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Kloetzel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, 21250, USA
| | - Anne Aubusson-Fleury
- Biogenese et Fonction des Structures Centriolaires, I2BC, Université Paris Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Maurice D Butler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, 21250, USA
| | | | - Matteo Mozzicafreddo
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, Camerino, Macerata, 62032, Italy
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22
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Zhang X, Xu X, Zhang Z, Xue C, Kong Z, Wu S, Yun X, Fu Y, Zhu C, Qin X. Linc-KILH potentiates Notch1 signaling through inhibiting KRT19 phosphorylation and promotes the malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:768-780. [PMID: 33767587 PMCID: PMC7975697 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.52279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are emerging as crucial regulators in the pathophysiological process of various tumors, including HCC. Here, we identify a novel lncRNA Linc-KILH (KRT19 interacting long noncoding RNA in hepatocellular carcinoma), which is significantly up-regulated in HCC tissues and positively correlated with larger tumor size, severer microvascular invasion, more intrahepatic metastasis and decreased survival of HCC patients. Silence of Linc-KILH remarkably inhibited the proliferation and metastasis abilities of KRT19-positive HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, Linc-KILH interacts with KRT19 and then inhibits the phosphorylation of KRT19 on Ser35, thereby, enhancing the translocation of KRT19 from cytoplasm to membrane in KRT19 positive HCC cells. Additionally, we validated that KRT19 interacts with β-catenin but not RAC1 in HCC cells. Linc-KILH enhanced the interaction between β-catenin and KRT19 in cytoplasm and promoted the nuclear translocation of β-catenin in HCC cells. Furthermore, Linc-KILH could enhance the promoting function of KRT19 on Notch1 signaling with the existence of KRT19 in HCC cells. Collectively, we revealed that Linc-KILH exerts a vital function in KRT19 positive HCC progression and may likely be developed into an effective therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhang
- The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 XingLongXiang Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Xu
- School of medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zechuan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cailin Xue
- The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 XingLongXiang Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Kong
- The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 XingLongXiang Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Wu
- The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 XingLongXiang Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Yun
- The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 XingLongXiang Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Yue Fu
- The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 XingLongXiang Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Chunfu Zhu
- The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 XingLongXiang Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Xihu Qin
- The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 XingLongXiang Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
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De Conto F, Conversano F, Razin SV, Belletti S, Arcangeletti MC, Chezzi C, Calderaro A. Host-cell dependent role of phosphorylated keratin 8 during influenza A/NWS/33 virus (H1N1) infection in mammalian cells. Virus Res 2021; 295:198333. [PMID: 33556415 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the involvement of keratin 8 during human influenza A/NWS/33 virus (H1N1) infection in semi-permissive rhesus monkey-kidney (LLC-MK2) and permissive human type II alveolar epithelial (A549) cells. In A549 cells, keratin 8 showed major expression and phosphorylation levels. Influenza A/NWS/33 virus was able to subvert keratin 8 structural organization at late stages of infection in both cell models, promoting keratin 8 phosphorylation in A549 cells at early phases of infection. Accordingly, partial colocalizations of the viral nucleoprotein with keratin 8 and its phosphorylated form were assessed by confocal microscopy at early stages of infection in A549 cells. The employment of chemical activators of phosphorylation resulted in structural changes as well as increased phosphorylation of keratin 8 in both cell models, favoring the influenza A/NWS/33 virus's replicative efficiency in A549 but not in LLC-MK2 cells. In A549 and human larynx epidermoid carcinoma (HEp-2) cells inoculated with respiratory secretions from pediatric patients positive for, respectively, influenza A virus or respiratory syncytial virus, the keratin 8 phosphorylation level had increased only in the case of influenza A virus infection. The results obtained suggest that in A549 cells the influenza virus is able to induce keratin 8 phosphorylation thereby enhancing its replicative efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora De Conto
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | | | - Sergey V Razin
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences and Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Silvana Belletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Chezzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Adriana Calderaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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24
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Keratin intermediate filaments in the colon: guardians of epithelial homeostasis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 129:105878. [PMID: 33152513 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Keratin intermediate filament proteins are major cytoskeletal components of the mammalian simple layered columnar epithelium in the gastrointestinal tract. Human colon crypt epithelial cells express keratins 18, 19 and 20 as the major type I keratins, and keratin 8 as the type II keratin. Keratin expression patterns vary between species, and mouse colonocytes express keratin 7 as a second type II keratin. Colonic keratin patterns change during cell differentiation, such that K20 increases in the more differentiated crypt cells closer to the central lumen. Keratins provide a structural and mechanical scaffold to support cellular stability, integrity and stress protection in this rapidly regenerating tissue. They participate in central colonocyte processes including barrier function, ion transport, differentiation, proliferation and inflammatory signaling. The cell-specific keratin compositions in different epithelial tissues has allowed for the utilization of keratin-based diagnostic methods. Since the keratin expression pattern in tumors often resembles that in the primary tissue, it can be used to recognize metastases of colonic origin. This review focuses on recent findings on the biological functions of mammalian colon epithelial keratins obtained from pivotal in vivo models. We also discuss the diagnostic value of keratins in chronic colonic disease and known keratin alterations in colon pathologies. This review describes the biochemical properties of keratins and their molecular actions in colonic epithelial cells and highlights diagnostic data in colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease patients, which may facilitate the recognition of disease subtypes and the establishment of personal therapies in the future.
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25
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Nie Y, Xu X, Wang W, Ma N, Lendlein A. The effects of oscillatory temperature on HaCaT keratinocyte behaviors. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 76:317-327. [PMID: 32925012 DOI: 10.3233/ch-209208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keratinocytes are exposed to a thermal gradient throughout epidermal layers in human skin depending on environmental temperatures. OBJECTIVE Here, the effect of cyclic temperature changes (ΔT) on HaCaT cell behaviors was explored. METHODS HaCaT cells were cultured at constant temperature (37 °C or 25 °C) or under ΔT conditions. The morphology, mechanics, cell cycle progression, proliferation, and lipid synthesis of HaCaT cells were determined. RESULTS ΔT conditions led to the inhomogeneous arrangement of the cytoskeleton in HaCaT cells, which resulted in enlarged size, rounder shape, and increased stiffness. Accumulation in the G2/M phase in the cell cycle, a decreased proliferation rate, and a delayed lipogenesis were detected in HaCaT cells cultured under ΔT conditions. CONCLUSIONS ΔT conditions resulted in the re-arrangement of the cytoskeleton in HaCaT cells, which showed similarity to the temperature-induced disassemble and re-assemble of cytoskeletons in keratinocyte in vivo. The altered cytoskeleton arrangement resulted in the cell enlargement and stiffening, which reflected the changes in cellular functions. The application of oscillatory temperature in the in vitro culture of keratinocytes provides a way to gain more insights into the role of skin in response to environmental stimuli and maintaining its homeostasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Nie
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Xun Xu
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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26
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Lutz A, Jung D, Diem K, Fauler M, Port F, Gottschalk K, Felder E. Acute effects of cell stretch on keratin filaments in A549 lung cells. FASEB J 2020; 34:11227-11242. [PMID: 32632966 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903160rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Keratin filaments (KFs) comprise the intermediate filaments of epithelial cells and are well known for their cytoprotective properties and their mechanical resilience. Although, several studies have demonstrated KFs' remarkable tensile properties relatively little is known about acute implications of mechanical stretch on KFs in living cells. This includes structural effects on the KFs and their higher level assembly structures as well as posttranslational response mechanisms to possibly modify KF's properties. We subjected simple epithelial A549 lung cells to 30% unidirectional stretch and already after 10 seconds we observed morphological changes of the KF-network as well as structural effects on their desmosomal anchor sites-both apparently caused by the tensile strain. Interestingly, the effect on the desmosomes was attenuated after 30 seconds of cell stretch with a concomitant increase in phosphorylation of keratin8-S432, keratin18-S53, and keratin18-S34 without an apparent increase in keratin solubility. When mimicking the phosphorylation of keratin18-S34 the stretch-induced effect on the desmosomes could be diminished and probing the cell surface with atomic force microscopy showed a lowered elastic modulus. We conclude that the stretch-induced KF phosphorylation affects KF's tensile properties, probably to lower the mechanical load on strained desmosomal cell-cell contacts, and hence, preserve epithelial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anngrit Lutz
- Department of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dominik Jung
- Department of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathrin Diem
- Department of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Fauler
- Department of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabian Port
- Department of Experimental Physics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kay Gottschalk
- Department of Experimental Physics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Edward Felder
- Department of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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27
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Lin EW, Brady GF, Kwan R, Nesvizhskii AI, Omary MB. Genotype-phenotype analysis of LMNA-related diseases predicts phenotype-selective alterations in lamin phosphorylation. FASEB J 2020; 34:9051-9073. [PMID: 32413188 PMCID: PMC8059629 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000500r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Laminopathies are rare diseases associated with mutations in LMNA, which encodes nuclear lamin A/C. LMNA variants lead to diverse tissue-specific phenotypes including cardiomyopathy, lipodystrophy, myopathy, neuropathy, progeria, bone/skin disorders, and overlap syndromes. The mechanisms underlying these heterogeneous phenotypes remain poorly understood, although post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, are postulated as regulators of lamin function. We catalogued all known lamin A/C human mutations and their associated phenotypes, and systematically examined the putative role of phosphorylation in laminopathies. In silico prediction of specific LMNA mutant-driven changes to lamin A phosphorylation and protein structure was performed using machine learning methods. Some of the predictions we generated were validated via assessment of ectopically expressed wild-type and mutant LMNA. Our findings indicate phenotype- and mutant-specific alterations in lamin phosphorylation, and that some changes in phosphorylation may occur independently of predicted changes in lamin protein structure. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of phosphorylation in the context of laminopathies will likely require mutant- and kinase-specific approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Lin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Graham F Brady
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Raymond Kwan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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28
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Xia B, Zhang H, Yang M, Du S, Wei J, Ding L. Leukamenin E Induces K8/18 Phosphorylation and Blocks the Assembly of Keratin Filament Networks Through ERK Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093164. [PMID: 32365802 PMCID: PMC7246489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukamenin E is a natural ent-kaurane diterpenoid isolated from Isodon racemosa (Hemsl) Hara that has been found to be a novel and potential keratin filament inhibitor, but its underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we show that leukamenin E induces keratin filaments (KFs) depolymerization, largely independently of microfilament (MFs) and microtubules (MTs) in well-spread cells and inhibition of KFs assembly in spreading cells. These effects are accompanied by keratin phosphorylation at K8-Ser73/Ser431 and K18-Ser52 via the by extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) pathway in primary liver carcinoma cells (PLC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Moreover, leukamenin E increases soluble pK8-Ser73/Ser431, pK18-Ser52, and pan-keratin in the cytoplasmic supernatant by immunofluorescence imaging and Western blotting assay. Accordingly, leukamenin E inhibits the spreading and migration of cells. We propose that leukamenin E-induced keratin phosphorylation may interfere with the initiation of KFs assembly and block the formation of a new KFs network, leading to the inhibition of cell spreading. Leukamenin E is a potential target drug for inhibition of KFs assembly.
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29
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Protein Phosphorylation in Serine Residues Correlates with Progression from Precancerous Lesions to Cervical Cancer in Mexican Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5058928. [PMID: 32337254 PMCID: PMC7157794 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5058928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a posttranslational modification that is essential for normal cellular processes; however, abnormal phosphorylation is one of the prime causes for alteration of many structural, functional, and regulatory proteins in disease conditions. In cancer, changes in the states of protein phosphorylation in tyrosine residues have been more studied than phosphorylation in threonine or serine residues, which also undergo alterations with greater predominance. In general, serine phosphorylation leads to the formation of multimolecular signaling complexes that regulate diverse biological processes, but in pathological conditions such as tumorigenesis, anomalous phosphorylation may result in the deregulation of some signaling pathways. Cervical cancer (CC), the main neoplasm associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, is the fourth most frequent cancer worldwide. Persistent infection of the cervix with high-risk human papillomaviruses produces precancerous lesions starting with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), progressing to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) until CC is generated. Here, we compared the proteomic profile of phosphorylated proteins in serine residues from healthy, LSIL, HSIL, and CC samples. Our data show an increase in the number of phosphorylated proteins in serine residues as the grade of injury rises. These results provide a support for future studies focused on phosphorylated proteins and their possible correlation with the progression of cervical lesions.
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30
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Mariani RA, Paranjpe S, Dobrowolski R, Weber GF. 14-3-3 targets keratin intermediate filaments to mechanically sensitive cell-cell contacts. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:930-943. [PMID: 32074004 PMCID: PMC7185971 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-06-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filament (IF) cytoskeletal networks simultaneously support mechanical integrity and influence signal transduction pathways. Marked remodeling of the keratin IF network accompanies collective cellular morphogenetic movements that occur during early embryonic development in the frog Xenopus laevis. While this reorganization of keratin is initiated by force transduction on cell–cell contacts mediated by C-cadherin, the mechanism by which keratin filament reorganization occurs remains poorly understood. In this work, we demonstrate that 14-3-3 proteins regulate keratin reorganization dynamics in embryonic mesendoderm cells from Xenopus gastrula. 14-3-3 colocalizes with keratin filaments near cell–cell junctions in migrating mesendoderm. Coimmunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatic analyses indicate 14-3-3 is associated with Keratin 19 (K19) in the whole embryo and, more specifically, mesendoderm tissue. Inhibition of 14-3-3 results in both the decreased exchange of keratin subunits into filaments and blocks keratin filament recruitment toward cell–cell contacts. Synthetically coupling 14-3-3 to K19 through a unique fusion construct conversely induces the localization of this keratin population to the region of cell–cell contacts. Taken together, these findings indicate that 14-3-3 acts on keratin IFs and is involved in their reorganization to sites of cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Mariani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ 07102
| | - Shalaka Paranjpe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ 07102
| | - Radek Dobrowolski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ 07102.,Department of Biology, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46227
| | - Gregory F Weber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ 07102.,Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
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31
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Bott CJ, Winckler B. Intermediate filaments in developing neurons: Beyond structure. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2020; 77:110-128. [PMID: 31970897 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal development relies on a highly choreographed progression of dynamic cellular processes by which newborn neurons migrate, extend axons and dendrites, innervate their targets, and make functional synapses. Many of these dynamic processes require coordinated changes in morphology, powered by the cell's cytoskeleton. Intermediate filaments (IFs) are the third major cytoskeletal elements in vertebrate cells, but are rarely considered when it comes to understanding axon and dendrite growth, pathfinding and synapse formation. In this review, we first introduce the many new and exciting concepts of IF function, discovered mostly in non-neuronal cells. These roles include dynamic rearrangements, crosstalk with microtubules and actin filaments, mechano-sensing and -transduction, and regulation of signaling cascades. We then discuss the understudied roles of neuronally expressed IFs, with a particular focus on IFs expressed during development, such as nestin, vimentin and α-internexin. Lastly, we illustrate how signaling modulation by the unconventional IF nestin shapes neuronal morphogenesis in unexpected and novel ways. Even though the first IF knockout mice were made over 20 years ago, the study of the cell biological functions of IFs in the brain still has much room for exciting new discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Bott
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Bettina Winckler
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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32
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Yalonetskaya A, Mondragon AA, Hintze ZJ, Holmes S, McCall K. Nuclear degradation dynamics in a nonapoptotic programmed cell death. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:711-724. [PMID: 31285547 PMCID: PMC7206136 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear degradation is a major event during programmed cell death (PCD). The breakdown of nuclear components has been well characterized during apoptosis, one form of PCD. Many nonapoptotic forms of PCD have been identified, but our understanding of nuclear degradation during those events is limited. Here, we take advantage of Drosophila oogenesis to investigate nuclear degeneration during stress-induced apoptotic and developmental nonapoptotic cell death in the same cell type in vivo. We find that nuclear Lamin, a caspase substrate, dissociates from the nucleus as an early event during apoptosis, but remains associated with nuclei during nonapoptotic cell death. Lamin reveals a series of changes in nuclear architecture during nonapoptotic death, including nuclear crenellations and involutions. Stretch follicle cells contribute to these architecture changes, and phagocytic and lysosome-associated machinery in stretch follicle cells promote Lamin degradation. More specifically, we find that the lysosomal cathepsin CP1 facilitates Lamin degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Yalonetskaya
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Albert A Mondragon
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Program in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Zackary J Hintze
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Susan Holmes
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kimberly McCall
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Program in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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33
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Lee SY, Kim S, Lim Y, Yoon HN, Ku NO. Keratins regulate Hsp70-mediated nuclear localization of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.229534. [PMID: 31427430 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.229534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filament protein keratin 8 (K8) binds to heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and p38 MAPK, and is phosphorylated at Ser74 by p38α (MAPK14, hereafter p38). However, a p38 binding site on K8 and the molecular mechanism of K8-p38 interaction related to Hsp70 are unknown. Here, we identify a p38 docking site on K8 (Arg148/149 and Leu159/161) that is highly conserved in other intermediate filaments. A docking-deficient K8 mutation caused increased p38-Hsp70 interaction and enhanced p38 nuclear localization, indicating that the p38 dissociated from mutant K8 makes a complex with Hsp70, which is known as a potential chaperone for p38 nuclear translocation. Comparison of p38 MAPK binding with keratin variants associated with liver disease showed that the K18 I150V variant dramatically reduced binding with p38, which is similar to the effect of the p38 docking-deficient mutation on K8. Because the p38 docking site on K8 (Arg148/149 and Leu159/161) and the K18 Ile150 residue are closely localized in the parallel K8/K18 heterodimer, the K18 I150V mutation might interfere with K8-p38 interaction. These findings show that keratins, functioning as cytoplasmic anchors for p38, modulate p38 nuclear localization and thereby might affect a number of p38-mediated signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Younglan Lim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Han-Na Yoon
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Nam-On Ku
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea .,Department of Bio-Convergence ISED, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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34
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de Pablo Y, Marasek P, Pozo-Rodrigálvarez A, Wilhelmsson U, Inagaki M, Pekna M, Pekny M. Vimentin Phosphorylation Is Required for Normal Cell Division of Immature Astrocytes. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091016. [PMID: 31480524 PMCID: PMC6769829 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vimentin (VIM) is an intermediate filament (nanofilament) protein expressed in multiple cell types, including astrocytes. Mice with VIM mutations of serine sites phosphorylated during mitosis (VIMSA/SA) show cytokinetic failure in fibroblasts and lens epithelial cells, chromosomal instability, facilitated cell senescence, and increased neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells. Here we report that in vitro immature VIMSA/SA astrocytes exhibit cytokinetic failure and contain vimentin accumulations that co-localize with mitochondria. This phenotype is transient and disappears with VIMSA/SA astrocyte maturation and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); it is also alleviated by the inhibition of cell proliferation. To test the hypothesis that GFAP compensates for the effect of VIMSA/SA in astrocytes, we crossed the VIMSA/SA and GFAP−/− mice. Surprisingly, the fraction of VIMSA/SA immature astrocytes with abundant vimentin accumulations was reduced when on GFAP−/− background. This indicates that the disappearance of vimentin accumulations and cytokinetic failure in mature astrocyte cultures are independent of GFAP expression. Both VIMSA/SA and VIMSA/SAGFAP−/− astrocytes showed normal mitochondrial membrane potential and vulnerability to H2O2, oxygen/glucose deprivation, and chemical ischemia. Thus, mutation of mitotic phosphorylation sites in vimentin triggers formation of vimentin accumulations and cytokinetic failure in immature astrocytes without altering their vulnerability to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda de Pablo
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pavel Marasek
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrea Pozo-Rodrigálvarez
- Laboratory of Regenerative Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Wilhelmsson
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Masaki Inagaki
- Department of Physiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 5148507, Japan
| | - Marcela Pekna
- Laboratory of Regenerative Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- University of Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Milos Pekny
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
- University of Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
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35
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Jang KH, Yoon HN, Lee J, Yi H, Park SY, Lee SY, Lim Y, Lee HJ, Cho JW, Paik YK, Hancock WS, Ku NO. Liver disease-associated keratin 8 and 18 mutations modulate keratin acetylation and methylation. FASEB J 2019; 33:9030-9043. [PMID: 31199680 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800263rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Keratin 8 (K8) and keratin 18 (K18) are the intermediate filament proteins whose phosphorylation/transamidation associate with their aggregation in Mallory-Denk bodies found in patients with various liver diseases. However, the functions of other post-translational modifications in keratins related to liver diseases have not been fully elucidated. Here, using a site-specific mutation assay combined with nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we identified K8-Lys108 and K18-Lys187/426 as acetylation sites, and K8-Arg47 and K18-Arg55 as methylation sites. Keratin mutation (Arg-to-Lys/Ala) at the methylation sites, but not the acetylation sites, led to decreased stability of the keratin protein. We compared keratin acetylation/methylation in liver disease-associated keratin variants. The acetylation of K8 variants increased or decreased to various extents, whereas the methylation of K18-del65-72 and K18-I150V variants increased. Notably, the highly acetylated/methylated K18-I150V variant was less soluble and exhibited unusually prolonged protein stability, which suggests that additional acetylation of highly methylated keratins has a synergistic effect on prolonged stability. Therefore, the different levels of acetylation/methylation of the liver disease-associated variants regulate keratin protein stability. These findings extend our understanding of how disease-associated mutations in keratins modulate keratin acetylation and methylation, which may contribute to disease pathogenesis.-Jang, K.-H., Yoon, H.-N., Lee, J., Yi, H., Park, S.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., Lim, Y., Lee, H.-J., Cho, J.-W., Paik, Y.-K., Hancock, W. S., Ku, N.-O. Liver disease-associated keratin 8 and 18 mutations modulate keratin acetylation and methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwi-Hoon Jang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Na Yoon
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongeun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hayan Yi
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Park
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - So-Young Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Younglan Lim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Joo Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Won Cho
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ki Paik
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Williams S Hancock
- Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nam-On Ku
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Bio-Convergence Integrated Science and Engineering Division, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Mónico A, Duarte S, Pajares MA, Pérez-Sala D. Vimentin disruption by lipoxidation and electrophiles: Role of the cysteine residue and filament dynamics. Redox Biol 2019; 23:101098. [PMID: 30658903 PMCID: PMC6859561 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The intermediate filament protein vimentin constitutes a critical sensor for electrophilic and oxidative stress, which induce extensive reorganization of the vimentin cytoskeletal network. Here, we have investigated the mechanisms underlying these effects. In vitro, electrophilic lipids, including 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), directly bind to vimentin, whereas the oxidant diamide induces disulfide bond formation. Mutation of the single vimentin cysteine residue (Cys328) blunts disulfide formation and reduces lipoxidation by 15d-PGJ2, but not HNE. Preincubation with these agents differentially hinders NaCl-induced filament formation by wild-type vimentin, with effects ranging from delayed elongation and increased filament diameter to severe impairment of assembly or aggregation. Conversely, the morphology of vimentin Cys328Ser filaments is mildly or not affected. Interestingly, preformed vimentin filaments are more resistant to electrophile-induced disruption, although chemical modification is not diminished, showing that vimentin (lip)oxidation prior to assembly is more deleterious. In cells, electrophiles, particularly diamide, induce a fast and drastic disruption of existing filaments, which requires the presence of Cys328. As the cellular vimentin network is under continuous remodeling, we hypothesized that vimentin exchange on filaments would be necessary for diamide-induced disruption. We confirmed that strategies reducing vimentin dynamics, as monitored by FRAP, including cysteine crosslinking and ATP synthesis inhibition, prevent diamide effect. In turn, phosphorylation may promote vimentin disassembly. Indeed, treatment with the phosphatase inhibitor calyculin A to prevent dephosphorylation intensifies electrophile-induced wild-type vimentin filament disruption. However, whereas a phosphorylation-deficient vimentin mutant is only partially protected from disorganization, Cys328Ser vimentin is virtually resistant, even in the presence of calyculin A. Together, these results indicate that modification of Cys328 and vimentin exchange are critical for electrophile-induced network disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Mónico
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofia Duarte
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Pajares
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Molecular Hepatology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez-Sala
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Dmello C, Srivastava SS, Tiwari R, Chaudhari PR, Sawant S, Vaidya MM. Multifaceted role of keratins in epithelial cell differentiation and transformation. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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38
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Gupta R, Saha P, Sen T, Sen N. An augmentation in histone dimethylation at lysine nine residues elicits vision impairment following traumatic brain injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:630-643. [PMID: 30790655 PMCID: PMC6588499 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) affects more than 1.7 million Americans each year and about 30% of TBI-patients having visual impairments. The loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in the retina and axonal degeneration in the optic nerve have been attributed to vision impairment following TBI; however, the molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. Here we have shown that an increase in histone di-methylation at lysine 9 residue (H3K9Me2), synthesized by the catalytic activity of a histone methyltransferase, G9a is responsible for RGC loss and axonal degeneration in the optic nerve following TBI. To elucidate the molecular mechanism, we found that an increase in H3K9Me2 results in the induction of oxidative stress both in the RGC and optic nerve by decreasing the mRNA level of antioxidants such as Superoxide dismutase (sod) and catalase through impairing the transcriptional activity of Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) via direct interaction. The induction of oxidative stress is associated with death in RGC and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). The death in OPCs is correlated with a reduction in myelination, and the expression of myelin binding protein (MBP) in association with degeneration of neurofilaments in the optic nerve. This event allied to an impairment of the retrograde transport of axons and loss of nerve fiber layer in the optic nerve following TBI. An administration of G9a inhibitor, UNC0638 attenuates the induction of H3K9Me2 both in RGC and optic nerve and subsequently activates Nrf2 to reduce oxidative stress. This event was concomitant with the rescue in the loss of retinal thickness, attenuation in optic nerve degeneration and improvement in the retrograde transport of axons following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaneesh Gupta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, 15213, USA
| | - Pampa Saha
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, 15213, USA
| | - Tanusree Sen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, 15213, USA
| | - Nilkantha Sen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, 15213, USA.
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Battaglia RA, Beltran AS, Delic S, Dumitru R, Robinson JA, Kabiraj P, Herring LE, Madden VJ, Ravinder N, Willems E, Newman RA, Quinlan RA, Goldman JE, Perng MD, Inagaki M, Snider NT. Site-specific phosphorylation and caspase cleavage of GFAP are new markers of Alexander disease severity. eLife 2019; 8:47789. [PMID: 31682229 PMCID: PMC6927689 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alexander disease (AxD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which supports the structural integrity of astrocytes. Over 70 GFAP missense mutations cause AxD, but the mechanism linking different mutations to disease-relevant phenotypes remains unknown. We used AxD patient brain tissue and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes to investigate the hypothesis that AxD-causing mutations perturb key post-translational modifications (PTMs) on GFAP. Our findings reveal selective phosphorylation of GFAP-Ser13 in patients who died young, independently of the mutation they carried. AxD iPSC-astrocytes accumulated pSer13-GFAP in cytoplasmic aggregates within deep nuclear invaginations, resembling the hallmark Rosenthal fibers observed in vivo. Ser13 phosphorylation facilitated GFAP aggregation and was associated with increased GFAP proteolysis by caspase-6. Furthermore, caspase-6 was selectively expressed in young AxD patients, and correlated with the presence of cleaved GFAP. We reveal a novel PTM signature linking different GFAP mutations in infantile AxD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Battaglia
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Adriana S Beltran
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States,Human Pluripotent Stem Cell CoreUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Samed Delic
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States,Department of BiosciencesUniversity of DurhamDurhamUnited Kingdom
| | - Raluca Dumitru
- Human Pluripotent Stem Cell CoreUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Jasmine A Robinson
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Parijat Kabiraj
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Laura E Herring
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Victoria J Madden
- Department of PathologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Roy A Quinlan
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of DurhamDurhamUnited Kingdom
| | - James E Goldman
- Department of PathologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ming-Der Perng
- Institute of Molecular MedicineNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan, Republic of China
| | - Masaki Inagaki
- Department of PhysiologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineMieJapan
| | - Natasha T Snider
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
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40
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Péden R, Rocher B, Chan P, Vaudry D, Poret A, Olivier S, Le Foll F, Bultelle F. Highly polluted life history and acute heat stress, a hazardous mix for blue mussels. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 135:594-606. [PMID: 30301078 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Intertidal sessile organisms constitute through their life history unintended stress recorders. This study focuses on the impact of pollution on Mytilus edulis ability to cope with an additional stress. For this purpose, two acclimation stages to different temperatures were conducted before an acute stress exposure in mussels collected from a heavily polluted site. Gill proteomes were analyzed by 2DE and regulated proteins identified. Massive mortality was observed for organisms acclimated to colder temperatures. Despite this major difference, both groups shared a common response with a strong representation of proteoforms corresponding to "folding, sorting and degradation" processes. Nevertheless, surviving mussels exhibit a marked increase in protein degradation consistent with the observed decrease of cell defense proteins. Mussels acclimated to warmer temperature response is essentially characterized by an improved heat shock response. These results show the differential ability of mussels to face both pollution and acute heat stress, particularly for low-acclimated organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Péden
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Le Havre University, Normandy University, France; Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France.
| | - Béatrice Rocher
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Le Havre University, Normandy University, France
| | - Philippe Chan
- Platform in proteomics PISSARO IRIB, Rouen University, Normandy University, France
| | - David Vaudry
- Platform in proteomics PISSARO IRIB, Rouen University, Normandy University, France; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differenciation and Communication, INSERM U982, Rouen University, Normandy University, France
| | - Agnès Poret
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Le Havre University, Normandy University, France
| | - Stéphanie Olivier
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Le Havre University, Normandy University, France
| | - Frank Le Foll
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Le Havre University, Normandy University, France
| | - Florence Bultelle
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Le Havre University, Normandy University, France
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41
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Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are one of the three major elements of the cytoskeleton. Their stability, intrinsic mechanical properties, and cell type-specific expression patterns distinguish them from actin and microtubules. By providing mechanical support, IFs protect cells from external forces and participate in cell adhesion and tissue integrity. IFs form an extensive and elaborate network that connects the cell cortex to intracellular organelles. They act as a molecular scaffold that controls intracellular organization. However, IFs have been revealed as much more than just rigid structures. Their dynamics is regulated by multiple signaling cascades and appears to contribute to signaling events in response to cell stress and to dynamic cellular functions such as mitosis, apoptosis, and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
- Institut Pasteur Paris, CNRS UMR 3691, Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris Cedex 15, France;
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42
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Schmitz F, Pierozan P, Biasibetti-Brendler H, Ferreira FS, Dos Santos Petry F, Trindade VMT, Pessoa-Pureur R, Wyse ATS. Methylphenidate disrupts cytoskeletal homeostasis and reduces membrane-associated lipid content in juvenile rat hippocampus. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:693-704. [PMID: 29288365 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although methylphenidate (MPH) is ubiquitously prescribed to children and adolescents, the consequences of chronic utilization of this psychostimulant are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of MPH on cytoskeletal homeostasis and lipid content in rat hippocampus. Wistar rats received intraperitoneal injections of MPH (2.0 mg/kg) or saline solution (controls), once a day, from the 15th to the 44th day of age. Results showed that MPH provoked hypophosphorylation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and reduced its immunocontent. Middle and high molecular weight neurofilament subunits (NF-M, NF-H) were hypophosphorylated by MPH on KSP repeat tail domains, while NFL, NFM and NFH immunocontents were not altered. MPH increased protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A) immunocontents. MPH also decreased the total content of ganglioside and phospholipid, as well as the main brain gangliosides (GM1, GD1a, and GD1b) and the major brain phospholipids (sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine). Total cholesterol content was also reduced in the hippocampi of juvenile rats treated with MPH. These results provide evidence that disruptions of cytoskeletal and lipid homeostasis in hippocampus of juvenile rats are triggers by chronic MPH treatment and present a new basis for understanding the effects and consequences associated with chronic use of this psychostimulant during the development of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Schmitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Pierozan
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Metabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Helena Biasibetti-Brendler
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Dos Santos Petry
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Celular de Lipídios, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Treis Trindade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Celular de Lipídios, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Regina Pessoa-Pureur
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório do Citoesqueleto, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Metabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil.
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43
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Abstract
How do the cells in our body reconfigure their shape to achieve complex tasks like migration and mitosis, yet maintain their shape in response to forces exerted by, for instance, blood flow and muscle action? Cell shape control is defined by a delicate mechanical balance between active force generation and passive material properties of the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton forms a space-spanning fibrous network comprising three subsystems: actin, microtubules and intermediate filaments. Bottom-up reconstitution of minimal synthetic cells where these cytoskeletal subsystems are encapsulated inside a lipid vesicle provides a powerful avenue to dissect the force balance that governs cell shape control. Although encapsulation is technically demanding, a steady stream of advances in this technique has made the reconstitution of shape-changing minimal cells increasingly feasible. In this topical review we provide a route-map of the recent advances in cytoskeletal encapsulation techniques and outline recent reports that demonstrate shape change phenomena in simple biomimetic vesicle systems. We end with an outlook toward the next steps required to achieve more complex shape changes with the ultimate aim of building a fully functional synthetic cell with the capability to autonomously grow, divide and move.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Mulla
- These authors contributed equally to this work
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44
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Tiwari R, Sahu I, Soni BL, Sathe GJ, Thapa P, Patel P, Sinha S, Vadivel CK, Patel S, Jamghare SN, Oak S, Thorat R, Gowda H, Vaidya MM. Depletion of keratin 8/18 modulates oncogenic potential by governing multiple signaling pathways. FEBS J 2018; 285:1251-1276. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Tiwari
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer Navi Mumbai India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai India
| | - Indrajit Sahu
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer Navi Mumbai India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai India
- Department of Biology Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Bihari Lal Soni
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer Navi Mumbai India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai India
| | | | - Pankaj Thapa
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer Navi Mumbai India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai India
| | - Pavan Patel
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer Navi Mumbai India
| | - Shruti Sinha
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer Navi Mumbai India
| | | | - Shweta Patel
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer Navi Mumbai India
| | - Sayli Nitin Jamghare
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer Navi Mumbai India
| | - Swapnil Oak
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer Navi Mumbai India
| | - Rahul Thorat
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer Navi Mumbai India
| | | | - Milind M. Vaidya
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer Navi Mumbai India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai India
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45
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Cytoskeletons in the Closet-Subversion in Alphaherpesvirus Infections. Viruses 2018; 10:v10020079. [PMID: 29438303 PMCID: PMC5850386 DOI: 10.3390/v10020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments form the cytoskeleton of vertebrate cells. Involved in maintaining cell integrity and structure, facilitating cargo and vesicle transport, remodelling surface structures and motility, the cytoskeleton is necessary for the successful life of a cell. Because of the broad range of functions these filaments are involved in, they are common targets for viral pathogens, including the alphaherpesviruses. Human-tropic alphaherpesviruses are prevalent pathogens carried by more than half of the world’s population; comprising herpes simplex virus (types 1 and 2) and varicella-zoster virus, these viruses are characterised by their ability to establish latency in sensory neurons. This review will discuss the known mechanisms involved in subversion of and transport via the cytoskeleton during alphaherpesvirus infections, focusing on protein-protein interactions and pathways that have recently been identified. Studies on related alphaherpesviruses whose primary host is not human, along with comparisons to more distantly related beta and gammaherpesviruses, are also presented in this review. The need to decipher as-yet-unknown mechanisms exploited by viruses to hijack cytoskeletal components—to reveal the hidden cytoskeletons in the closet—will also be addressed.
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46
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Duverger O, Carlson JC, Karacz CM, Schwartz ME, Cross MA, Marazita ML, Shaffer JR, Morasso MI. Genetic variants in pachyonychia congenita-associated keratins increase susceptibility to tooth decay. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007168. [PMID: 29357356 PMCID: PMC5794186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a cutaneous disorder primarily characterized by nail dystrophy and painful palmoplantar keratoderma. PC is caused by mutations in KRT6A, KRT6B, KRT6C, KRT16, and KRT17, a set of keratin genes expressed in the nail bed, palmoplantar epidermis, oral mucosal epithelium, hair follicle and sweat gland. RNA-seq analysis revealed that all PC-associated keratins (except for Krt6c that does exist in the mouse genome) are expressed in the mouse enamel organ. We further demonstrated that these keratins are produced by ameloblasts and are incorporated into mature human enamel. Using genetic and intraoral examination data from 573 adults and 449 children, we identified several missense polymorphisms in KRT6A, KRT6B and KRT6C that lead to a higher risk for dental caries. Structural analysis of teeth from a PC patient carrying a p.Asn171Lys substitution in keratin-6a (K6a) revealed disruption of enamel rod sheaths resulting in altered rod shape and distribution. Finally, this PC-associated substitution as well as more frequent caries-associated SNPs, found in two of the KRT6 genes, that result in p.Ser143Asn substitution (rs28538343 in KRT6B and rs151117600 in KRT6C), alter the assembly of K6 filaments in ameloblast-like cells. These results identify a new set of keratins involved in tooth enamel formation, distinguish novel susceptibility loci for tooth decay and reveal additional clinical features of pachyonychia congenita. Tooth decay, more commonly known as dental cavities, is the most common chronic disease worldwide, both in children and in adults. It consists in the destruction of tooth enamel, the outer layer of the teeth, by acid-producing bacteria. Enamel is the hardest tissue in the body, comprised of 96% minerals. However, it contains a small fraction of proteins that is important for its resistance to mechanical stress and decay. Here we show that this protein fraction contains a set of structural proteins (K6a, K6b, K6c, K16 and K17) that belong to the keratin family and are present specifically in the skin of the palms and soles, as well as in nails. We further show that common genetic mutations that affect the composition of these proteins lead to an increased number of cavities. Rare mutations in these keratins lead to a human disease called pachyonychia congenita (PC) and characterized by severe nail malformations and lesions in the skin of the palms and soles. Analysis of wisdom teeth from one of these patients showed that their enamel exhibited structural defects. These results demonstrate that these keratins are important components of tooth enamel and that common genetic variants in the genes that encode them influence tooth decay risk in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Duverger
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Jenna C. Carlson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Chelsea M. Karacz
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Schwartz
- Pachyonychia Congenita Project, Holladay, UT, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Cross
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - John R. Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Maria I. Morasso
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tiwari R, Sahu I, Soni BL, Sathe GJ, Datta KK, Thapa P, Sinha S, Vadivel CK, Dhaka B, Gowda H, Vaidya MM. Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis reveals system-wide signaling pathways regulated by site-specific phosphorylation of Keratin-8 in skin squamous cell carcinoma derived cell line. Proteomics 2017; 17. [PMID: 28176443 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Keratin 8/18, a simple epithelia specific keratin pair, is often aberrantly expressed in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) where its expression is correlated with increased invasion and poor prognosis. Majority of Keratin 8 (K8) functions are governed by its phosphorylation at Serine73 (head-domain) and Serine431 (tail-domain) residues. Although, deregulation of K8 phosphorylation is associated with progression of different carcinomas, its role in skin-SCC and the underlying mechanism is obscure. In this direction, we performed tandem mass tag-based quantitative phosphoproteomics by expressing K8 wild type, phosphodead, and phosphomimetic mutants in K8-deficient A431 cells. Further analysis of our phosphoproteomics data showed a significant proportion of total phosphoproteome associated with migratory, proliferative, and invasive potential of these cells to be differentially phosphorylated. Differential phosphorylation of CDK1T14,Y15 , EIF4EBP1T46,T50 , EIF4BS422 , AKT1S1T246,S247 , CTTN1T401,S405,Y421 , and CAP1S307/309 in K8-S73A/D mutant and CTTN1T401,S405,Y421 , BUB1BS1043 , and CARHSP1S30,S32 in K8-S431A/D mutants as well as some anonymous phosphosites including MYCS176 , ZYXS344 , and PNNS692 could be potential candidates associated with K8 phosphorylation mediated tumorigenicity. Biochemical validation followed by phenotypic analysis further confirmed our quantitative phosphoproteomics data. In conclusion, our study provides the first global picture of K8 site-specific phosphorylation function in neoplastic progression of A431 cells and suggests various potential starting points for further mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Tiwari
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Indrajit Sahu
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India.,Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Bihari Lal Soni
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India.,Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Pankaj Thapa
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Shruti Sinha
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
| | | | | | | | - Milind M Vaidya
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
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48
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Chen M, Puschmann TB, Marasek P, Inagaki M, Pekna M, Wilhelmsson U, Pekny M. Increased Neuronal Differentiation of Neural Progenitor Cells Derived from Phosphovimentin-Deficient Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5478-5489. [PMID: 28956310 PMCID: PMC5994207 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vimentin is an intermediate filament (also known as nanofilament) protein expressed in several cell types of the central nervous system, including astrocytes and neural stem/progenitor cells. Mutation of the vimentin serine sites that are phosphorylated during mitosis (VIMSA/SA) leads to cytokinetic failures in fibroblasts and lens epithelial cells, resulting in chromosomal instability and increased expression of cell senescence markers. In this study, we investigated morphology, proliferative capacity, and motility of VIMSA/SA astrocytes, and their effect on the differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells. VIMSA/SA astrocytes expressed less vimentin and more GFAP but showed a well-developed intermediate filament network, exhibited normal cell morphology, proliferation, and motility in an in vitro wound closing assay. Interestingly, we found a two- to fourfold increased neuronal differentiation of VIMSA/SA neurosphere cells, both in a standard 2D and in Bioactive3D cell culture systems, and determined that this effect was neurosphere cell autonomous and not dependent on cocultured astrocytes. Using BrdU in vivo labeling to assess neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in the hippocampus of adult mice, one of the two major adult neurogenic regions, we found a modest increase (by 8%) in the fraction of newly born and surviving neurons. Thus, mutation of the serine sites phosphorylated in vimentin during mitosis alters intermediate filament protein expression but has no effect on astrocyte morphology or proliferation, and leads to increased neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Till B Puschmann
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pavel Marasek
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Masaki Inagaki
- Department of Physiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Marcela Pekna
- Laboratory of Regenerative Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ulrika Wilhelmsson
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Milos Pekny
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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49
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Sanghvi-Shah R, Weber GF. Intermediate Filaments at the Junction of Mechanotransduction, Migration, and Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:81. [PMID: 28959689 PMCID: PMC5603733 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanically induced signal transduction has an essential role in development. Cells actively transduce and respond to mechanical signals and their internal architecture must manage the associated forces while also being dynamically responsive. With unique assembly-disassembly dynamics and physical properties, cytoplasmic intermediate filaments play an important role in regulating cell shape and mechanical integrity. While this function has been recognized and appreciated for more than 30 years, continually emerging data also demonstrate important roles of intermediate filaments in cell signal transduction. In this review, with a particular focus on keratins and vimentin, the relationship between the physical state of intermediate filaments and their role in mechanotransduction signaling is illustrated through a survey of current literature. Association with adhesion receptors such as cadherins and integrins provides a critical interface through which intermediate filaments are exposed to forces from a cell's environment. As a consequence, these cytoskeletal networks are posttranslationally modified, remodeled and reorganized with direct impacts on local signal transduction events and cell migratory behaviors important to development. We propose that intermediate filaments provide an opportune platform for cells to both cope with mechanical forces and modulate signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucha Sanghvi-Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-NewarkNewark, NJ, United States
| | - Gregory F Weber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-NewarkNewark, NJ, United States
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50
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Vitamin D 3 Reverses the Hippocampal Cytoskeleton Imbalance But Not Memory Deficits Caused by Ovariectomy in Adult Wistar Rats. Neuromolecular Med 2017; 19:345-356. [PMID: 28689355 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-017-8449-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of study was to investigate changes caused by ovariectomy (OVX) on aversive and non-aversive memories, as well as on cytoskeleton phosphorylating system and on vitamin D receptor (VDR) immunocontent in hippocampus. The neuroprotective role of vitamin D was also investigated. Ninety-day-old female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: SHAM, OVX, VITAMIN D and OVX + VITAMIN D; 30 days after the OVX, vitamin D supplementation (500 IU/kg), by gavage, for 30 days was started. Results showed that OVX impaired short-term and long-term recognition, and long-term aversive memories. OVX altered hippocampal cytoskeleton phosphorylating system, evidenced by the hyperphosphorylation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), low molecular weight neurofilament subunit (NFL), medium molecular weight neurofilament subunit (NFM) and high molecular weight neurofilament subunit (NFH), and increased the immunocontent of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinases (JNK), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (PKCaMII) and of the sites phosphorylated lysine-serine-proline (KSP) repeats, Ser55 and Ser57. Vitamin D reversed the effects caused by OVX on cytoskeleton in hippocampus, but it was not able to reverse the effects on memory.
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