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Torggler R, Margreiter E, Marksteiner R, Thurner M. Potency Assay Development: A Keystone for Clinical Use. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1420:13-28. [PMID: 37258781 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30040-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Potency can be described as the quantitative measure of biological activity, that is, the ability of an Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) to elicit the intended effect necessary for clinical efficacy. Potency testing is part of the quality control strategy necessary for batch release and is required for market approval application of an ATMP. Thus, it is crucial to develop a reliable and accurate potency assay. As a prerequisite for potency assay development, it is essential to define the mode of action of the product and thereby also the relevant biological activity that should be measured. The establishment of a potency assay should be initiated already during early product development followed by its progressive implementation into an ATMP's manufacturing, quality control and release process. Potency testing is indispensable for clinical use with a wide range of applications. A potency assay is a valuable tool to determine the product's stability, detect the impact of changes in the manufacturing process on the product, demonstrate quality and manufacturing consistency from batch to batch, estimate clinical efficacy and define the effective dose. This chapter describes the requirements and challenges to be considered for potency assay development and the importance of a well-established potency assay for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marco Thurner
- Innovacell AG, Innsbruck, Austria
- Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner LLP, Munich, Germany
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Sha W, Bertram T, Jain D, Brouwer C, Basu J. Identification of functional pathways for regenerative bioactivity of selected renal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:72. [PMID: 35177125 PMCID: PMC8851708 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Selected renal cells (SRC) are in Phase II clinical trials as a kidney-sourced, autologous, tubular epithelial cell-enriched cell-based therapy for chronic kidney disease (CKD). In preclinical studies with rodent models of CKD, SRC have been shown to positively modulate key renal biomarkers associated with development of the chronic disease condition. Methods A comparative bioinformatic analysis of transcripts specifically enriched or depleted in SRC component sub-populations relative to the initial, biopsy-derived cell source was conducted. Results Outcomes associated with therapeutically relevant bioactivity from a systematic, genome-wide transcriptomic profiling of rodent SRC are reported. Key transcriptomic networks and concomitant signaling pathways that may underlie SRC mechanism of action as manifested by reparative, restorative, and regenerative bioactivity in rodent models of chronic kidney disease are identified. These include genes and gene networks associated with cell cycle control, transcriptional control, inflammation, ECM–receptor interaction, immune response, actin polymerization, regeneration, cell adhesion, and morphogenesis. Conclusions These data indicate that gene networks associated with development of the kidney are also leveraged for SRC regenerative bioactivity, providing evidence of potential mechanisms of action. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02713-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sha
- Bioinformatics Services Division, Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 150 Research Campus Drive, Ste. 3333, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | | | - Deepak Jain
- Prokidney, LLC, Winston-Salem, NC, 27103, USA
| | - Cory Brouwer
- Bioinformatics Services Division, Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 150 Research Campus Drive, Ste. 3333, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
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Khalil WM, Aboshanab KM, Aboulwafa MM. Evaluation and Correlation of Rabies Vaccine Potency Using the National Institute of Health, Rapid Focus Fluorescent Inhibition, and Passive Hemagglutination Tests. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:159-169. [PMID: 35104162 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies vaccine preparations are quantitatively assayed for potency using the in-vivo challenge National Institute of Health (NIH), the main test that consumes a high number of animals, takes a long time, and has wide variability. The Rapid focus fluorescent inhibition (RFFIT) and the passive hemagglutination (PHA) tests, the two serologically based tests, were also used for such purpose. In this study, we aimed to evaluate and correlate the potency of the NIH, RFFIT, and PHA tests according to the World Health Organization (WHO) validity criteria, aiming to validate the use of RFFIT or PHA test as a substitute to the NIH test for determining the potency of commercially available Rabies vaccine preparations. The results showed that, the three tests can be successfully used; however, a higher correlation between RFFIT and NIH than PHA and NIH was recorded (Pearson correlation = 1). The potency of rabies vaccine preparations using NIH, RFFIT, and PHA were 3.73, 3.51, and 4.50, respectively. NIH is the main test for the determination of vaccine potency carried out by conducting 25 experiments and consuming about 5,000 mice compared to 1,200 mice used with RFFIT and 1,000 mice used with PHA test. Taken together, we concluded that (i) in some tested preparations, both RFFIT and PHA tests gave comparable results, and they can be used interchangeably; (ii) RFFIT could successfully replace NIH test, but not PHA; (iii) RFFIT and PHA tests are faster, more accurate, more economic, and more sensitive than NIH; nevertheless, PHA needs further investigations; and (iv) both RFFIT and NIH tests complement and reinforce each other as they provide a comprehensive picture of the product potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa M Khalil
- Central Administration of Control of Biologicals and Innovative Products and Clinical Trials, Egyptian Drug Authority Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad M Aboulwafa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Ras-Sedr, Egypt
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The Essential Need for a Validated Potency Assay for Cell-Based Therapies in Cardiac Regenerative and Reparative Medicine. A Practical Approach to Test Development. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:2235-2244. [PMID: 34463902 PMCID: PMC8599250 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological treatments are one of the medical breakthroughs in the twenty-first century. The initial enthusiasm pushed the field towards indiscriminatory use of cell therapy regardless of the pathophysiological particularities of underlying conditions. In the reparative and regenerative cardiovascular field, the results of the over two decades of research in cell-based therapies, although promising still could not be translated into clinical scenario. Now, when we identified possible deficiencies and try to rebuild its foundations rigorously on scientific evidence, development of potency assays for the potential therapeutic product is one of the steps which will bring our goal of clinical translation closer. Although, highly challenging, the potency tests for cell products are considered as a priority by the regulatory agencies. In this paper we describe the main characteristics and challenges for a cell therapy potency test focusing on the cardiovascular field. Moreover, we discuss different steps and types of assays that should be taken into consideration for an eventual potency test development by tying together two fundamental concepts: target disease and expected mechanism of action.
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Foo JB, Looi QH, Chong PP, Hassan NH, Yeo GEC, Ng CY, Koh B, How CW, Lee SH, Law JX. Comparing the Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells and their Secretory Products in Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:2616807. [PMID: 34422061 PMCID: PMC8378970 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2616807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy involves the transplantation of human cells to replace or repair the damaged tissues and modulate the mechanisms underlying disease initiation and progression in the body. Nowadays, many different types of cell-based therapy are developed and used to treat a variety of diseases. In the past decade, cell-free therapy has emerged as a novel approach in regenerative medicine after the discovery that the transplanted cells exerted their therapeutic effect mainly through the secretion of paracrine factors. More and more evidence showed that stem cell-derived secretome, i.e., growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles, can repair the injured tissues as effectively as the cells. This finding has spurred a new idea to employ secretome in regenerative medicine. Despite that, will cell-free therapy slowly replace cell therapy in the future? Or are these two modes of treatment still needed to address different diseases and conditions? This review provides an indepth discussion about the values of stem cells and secretome in regenerative medicine. In addition, the safety, efficacy, advantages, and disadvantages of using these two modes of treatment in regenerative medicine are also critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Qi Hao Looi
- My Cytohealth Sdn Bhd, Bandar Seri Petaling, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pan Pan Chong
- National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hidayah Hassan
- National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Genieve Ee Chia Yeo
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chiew Yong Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Benson Koh
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wun How
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sau Har Lee
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Wang S, Gu M, Luan CC, Wang Y, Gu X, He JH. Biocompatibility and biosafety of butterfly wings for the clinical use of tissue-engineered nerve grafts. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1606-1612. [PMID: 33433491 PMCID: PMC8323676 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.303041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we used natural butterfly wings as a cell growth matrix for tissue engineering materials and found that the surface of different butterfly wings had different ultramicrostructures, which can affect the qualitative growth of cells and regulate cell growth, metabolism, and gene expression. However, the biocompatibility and biosafety of butterfly wings must be studied. In this study, we found that Sprague-Dawley rat dorsal root ganglion neurons could grow along the structural stripes of butterfly wings, and Schwann cells could normally attach to and proliferate on different species of butterfly wings. The biocompatibility and biosafety of butterfly wings were further examined through subcutaneous implantation in Sprague-Dawley rats, intraperitoneal injection in Institute of Cancer Research mice, intradermal injection in rabbits, and external application to guinea pigs. Our results showed that butterfly wings did not induce toxicity, and all examined animals exhibited normal behaviors and no symptoms, such as erythema or edema. These findings suggested that butterfly wings possess excellent biocompatibility and biosafety and can be used as a type of tissue engineering material. This study was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Province of China (approval No. 20190303-18) on March 3, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Miao Gu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Luan
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiang-Hong He
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Bioengineered Skin Intended for Skin Disease Modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061407. [PMID: 30897791 PMCID: PMC6470977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical use of bioengineered skin in reconstructive surgery has been established for more than 30 years. The limitations and ethical considerations regarding the use of animal models have expanded the application of bioengineered skin in the areas of disease modeling and drug screening. These skin models should represent the anatomical and physiological traits of native skin for the efficient replication of normal and pathological skin conditions. In addition, reliability of such models is essential for the conduction of faithful, rapid, and large-scale studies. Therefore, research efforts are focused on automated fabrication methods to replace the traditional manual approaches. This report presents an overview of the skin models applicable to skin disease modeling along with their fabrication methods, and discusses the potential of the currently available options to conform and satisfy the demands for disease modeling and drug screening.
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Gato-Calvo L, Magalhaes J, Ruiz-Romero C, Blanco FJ, Burguera EF. Platelet-rich plasma in osteoarthritis treatment: review of current evidence. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2019; 10:2040622319825567. [PMID: 30815245 PMCID: PMC6383098 DOI: 10.1177/2040622319825567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is defined as a volume of plasma with a platelet
concentration higher than the average in peripheral blood. Many basic,
preclinical and even clinical case studies and trials report PRP’s ability to
improve musculoskeletal conditions including osteoarthritis, but paradoxically,
just as many conclude it has no effect. The purpose of this narrative review is
to discuss the available relevant evidence that supports the clinical use of PRP
in osteoarthritis, highlighting those variables we perceive as critical. Here,
recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses were used to identify the latest
randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing a PRP product as an intra-articular
treatment for knee osteoarthritis, compared with an intra-articular control
(mostly hyaluronic acid). Conclusions in the identified RCTs are examined and
compared. In total, five recent meta-analyses and systematic reviews were found
meeting the above criteria. A total of 19 individual trials were identified in
the five reviews but only 9 were level of evidence I RCTs, and many had moderate
or high risks of bias. At present, results from these RCTs seem to favor PRP use
over other intra-articular treatments to improve pain scales in the short and
medium term (6–12 months), but the overall level of evidence is low. As a
result, clinical effectiveness of PRP for knee osteoarthritis treatment is still
under debate. This is, prominently, the result of a lack of standardization of
PRP products, scarceness of high quality RCTs not showing high risks of bias,
and poor patient stratification for inclusion in the RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Gato-Calvo
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Agrupación Estratégica CICA-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidad de A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Joana Magalhaes
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Agrupación Estratégica CICA-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidad de A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Cristina Ruiz-Romero
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Agrupación Estratégica CICA-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidad de A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Agrupación Estratégica CICA-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidad de A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Elena F Burguera
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología, Agrupación Estratégica CICA-INIBIC, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
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de Wolf C, van de Bovenkamp M, Hoefnagel M. Regulatory perspective on in vitro potency assays for human T cells used in anti-tumor immunotherapy. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:601-622. [PMID: 29598903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The adaptive immune system is known to play an important role in anti-neoplastic responses via induction of several effector pathways, resulting in tumor cell death. Because of their ability to specifically recognize and kill tumor cells, the potential use of autologous tumor-derived and genetically engineered T cells as adoptive immunotherapy for cancer is currently being explored. Because of the variety of potential T cell-based medicinal products at the level of starting material and manufacturing process, product-specific functionality assays are needed to ensure quality for individual products. In this review, we provide an overview of in vitro potency assays suggested for characterization and release of different T cell-based anti-tumor products. We discuss functional assays, as presented in scientific advices and literature, highlighting specific advantages and limitations of the various assays. Because the anticipated in vivo mechanism of action for anti-tumor T cells involves tumor recognition and cell death, in vitro potency assays based on the cytotoxic potential of antigen-specific T cells are most evident. However, assays based on other T cell properties may be appropriate as surrogates for cytotoxicity. For all proposed assays, biological relevance of the tests and correlation of the read-outs with in vivo functionality need to be substantiated with sufficient product-specific (non-)clinical data. Moreover, further unraveling the complex interaction of immune cells with and within the tumor environment is expected to lead to further improvement of the T cell-based products. Consequently, increased knowledge will allow further optimized guidance for potency assay development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte de Wolf
- Medicines Evaluation Board (CBG-MEB), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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Zhao Z, Zhou X, Guan J, Wu M, Zhou J. Co-implantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes increase the viability of chondrocytes in rat osteo-chondral defects. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7021-7027. [PMID: 29731871 PMCID: PMC5921083 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Replacement of chondrocytes by adult stem cells was believed to improve the performance of autologous chondrocytes transplantation, since less chondrocytes were needed. Previous studies have demonstrated that the increased cartilage production in pellet co-cultures of chondrocytes and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is due to the trophic effects of the MSC by stimulating chondrocyte proliferation and matrix production. However, the destination of MSCs or chondrocytes after implanted in osteo-chondral defects is not clear. The aim of the present study is to investigate the viability of MSCs and chondrocytes after co-implantation into a rat osteo-chondral defect model. MSCs were isolated from bone marrow and chondrocytes were extracted from knee joints of neonatal rats. Results of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and collagen quantification demonstrated that co-culture pellets of BMSCs and chondrocytes have more GAG deposition than that of BMSCs or chondrocytes alone. Tracking cells with fluorescence protein demonstrated that MSCs disappeared following co-culture. In a rat knee injury model, co-implantation of BMSCs and chondrocytes contained more viable chondrocytes than chondrocytes implanted alone. To conclude, BMSCs were replaced by chondrocytes in pellet co-culture and BMSCs increased the viability of chondrocytes following co-implantation in a osteo-chondral defects model. Co-implantation of BMSCs and chondrocytes may be a promising approach to repairing osteo-chondral defects in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Xinshe Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Guan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Jiansheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
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Tao SC, Guo SC, Zhang CQ. Platelet-derived Extracellular Vesicles: An Emerging Therapeutic Approach. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:828-834. [PMID: 28808416 PMCID: PMC5555101 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.19776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a newly-discovered way by which cells communicate with their neighbors, as well as transporting cargos which once were considered to be limited by membrane barriers, including membrane proteins, cytosolic proteins and RNA. The discovery of platelet-derived EVs (P-EVs), the most abundant EVs in human blood, has been a very tortuous process. At first, P-EVs were identified as nothing but 'platelet dust', and subsequent research did not progress smoothly because of the limited research techniques to study EVs. Following leaps and bounds of technical progress in studying EVs, more and more attractive features of P-EVs were revealed and they began to be further researched. The aim of this review is to present the latest knowledge about the role of P-EVs in tissue repair and tumor progression. The potential mechanism of P-EVs is emphasized. Then the limitations of the present study and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Cong Tao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shang-Chun Guo
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chang-Qing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
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Anitua E, Prado R, Orive G. PRP Therapies-Is It Time for Potency Assays? Letter to the Editor. Am J Sports Med 2016; 44:NP63-NP64. [PMID: 27836880 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516676460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Marquez-Curtis LA, Sultani AB, McGann LE, Elliott JA. Beyond membrane integrity: Assessing the functionality of human umbilical vein endothelial cells after cryopreservation. Cryobiology 2016; 72:183-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Anitua E, Prado R, Orive G. Closing regulatory gaps: new ground rules for platelet-rich plasma. Trends Biotechnol 2016; 33:492-5. [PMID: 26319248 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices (AEMPS) has drawn up a comprehensive report and resolution that regulates for the first time the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a human-use medicinal product. This regulatory framework offers emerging challenges to adapt the use of PRP to the new requirements of safety and efficacy. The heterogeneity of the different products can hinder their regulation, which today differs substantially in the different worldwide regulatory frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Anitua
- Eduardo Anitua Foundation for Biomedical Research, Vitoria, Spain; BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain.
| | | | - Gorka Orive
- Eduardo Anitua Foundation for Biomedical Research, Vitoria, Spain; BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain.
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Abstract
Biomaterials have played an increasingly prominent role in the success of biomedical devices and in the development of tissue engineering, which seeks to unlock the regenerative potential innate to human tissues/organs in a state of deterioration and to restore or reestablish normal bodily function. Advances in our understanding of regenerative biomaterials and their roles in new tissue formation can potentially open a new frontier in the fast-growing field of regenerative medicine. Taking inspiration from the role and multi-component construction of native extracellular matrices (ECMs) for cell accommodation, the synthetic biomaterials produced today routinely incorporate biologically active components to define an artificial in vivo milieu with complex and dynamic interactions that foster and regulate stem cells, similar to the events occurring in a natural cellular microenvironment. The range and degree of biomaterial sophistication have also dramatically increased as more knowledge has accumulated through materials science, matrix biology and tissue engineering. However, achieving clinical translation and commercial success requires regenerative biomaterials to be not only efficacious and safe but also cost-effective and convenient for use and production. Utilizing biomaterials of human origin as building blocks for therapeutic purposes has provided a facilitated approach that closely mimics the critical aspects of natural tissue with regard to its physical and chemical properties for the orchestration of wound healing and tissue regeneration. In addition to directly using tissue transfers and transplants for repair, new applications of human-derived biomaterials are now focusing on the use of naturally occurring biomacromolecules, decellularized ECM scaffolds and autologous preparations rich in growth factors/non-expanded stem cells to either target acceleration/magnification of the body's own repair capacity or use nature's paradigms to create new tissues for restoration. In particular, there is increasing interest in separating ECMs into simplified functional domains and/or biopolymeric assemblies so that these components/constituents can be discretely exploited and manipulated for the production of bioscaffolds and new biomimetic biomaterials. Here, following an overview of tissue auto-/allo-transplantation, we discuss the recent trends and advances as well as the challenges and future directions in the evolution and application of human-derived biomaterials for reconstructive surgery and tissue engineering. In particular, we focus on an exploration of the structural, mechanical, biochemical and biological information present in native human tissue for bioengineering applications and to provide inspiration for the design of future biomaterials.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Application of regenerative medicine strategies for repair of organs/tissue impacted by chronic disease is an active subject for product development. Such methodologies emphasize the role of stem cells as the active biological ingredient. However, recent developments in elucidating mechanisms of action of these therapies have focused on the role of paracrine, 'action-at-a-distance' modus operandi in mediating the ability to catalyze regenerative outcomes without significant site-specific engraftment. A salient component of this secreted regenerative milieu are exosomes: 40-100 nm intraluminal vesicles that mediate transfer of proteins and nucleic acids across cellular boundaries. AREAS COVERED Here, we synthesize recent studies from PubMed and Google Scholar highlighting how cell-based therapeutics and cosmeceutics are transitioning towards the secretome generally and exosomes specifically as a principal modulator of regenerative outcomes. EXPERT OPINION Exosomes contribute to organ development and mediate regenerative outcomes in injury and disease that recapitulate observed bioactivity of stem cell populations. Encapsulation of the active biological ingredients of regeneration within non-living exosome carriers may offer process, manufacturing and regulatory advantages over stem cell-based therapies.
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18
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Fu X, Xu M, Jia C, Xie W, Wang L, Kong D, Wang H. Differential regulation of skin fibroblasts for their TGF-β1-dependent wound healing activities by biomimetic nanofibers. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5246-5255. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00882h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanofibers with different compositions differentially regulate fibroblast phenotypes in a TGF-β1 rich milieu through the integrin-mediated TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Fu
- The School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - M. Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering
- Stevens Institute of Technology
- Hoboken
- USA
| | - C. Jia
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering
- Stevens Institute of Technology
- Hoboken
- USA
| | - W. Xie
- The School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- China
| | - L. Wang
- Institute of Molecular Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - D. Kong
- Institute of Molecular Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - H. Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering
- Stevens Institute of Technology
- Hoboken
- USA
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19
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Bruce AT, Ilagan RM, Guthrie KI, Rivera E, Choudhury S, Sangha N, Spencer T, Bertram TA, Jain D, Kelley RW, Basu J. Selected renal cells modulate disease progression in rodent models of chronic kidney disease via NF-κB and TGF-β1 pathways. Regen Med 2015; 10:815-39. [PMID: 26568079 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Identification of mechanistic pathways for selected renal cell (SRC) therapeutic bioactivity in rodent models of chronic kidney disease. MATERIALS & METHODS In vivo and in vitro functional bioassays applied to investigate regenerative outcomes associated with delivery of SRC to diseased rodent kidney. RESULTS In vivo, SRC reduces chronic infiltration by monocytes/macrophages. SRC attenuates NF-κB and PAI-1 responses while simultaneously promoting host tubular cell expansion through trophic cues. In vitro, SRC-derived conditioned media attenuates TNF-α-induced NF-κB response, TGF-β-mediated PAI-1 response and increases expression of transcripts associated with cell cycle regulation. Observed bioactive responses were from vesicle and nonvesicle-associated factors, including specific miRNAs. CONCLUSION We identify a paracrine mechanism for SRC immunomodulatory and trophic cues on host renal tissues, catalyzing long-term functional benefits in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Bruce
- Regenerative Medicine, United Therapeutics, 55 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.,Tengion, Inc., 3929 Westpoint Blvd, Ste G, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA
| | - Roger M Ilagan
- Regenerative Medicine, United Therapeutics, 55 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.,Tengion, Inc., 3929 Westpoint Blvd, Ste G, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA
| | - Kelly I Guthrie
- Regenerative Medicine, United Therapeutics, 55 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.,Tengion, Inc., 3929 Westpoint Blvd, Ste G, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA
| | - Elias Rivera
- Tengion, Inc., 3929 Westpoint Blvd, Ste G, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA.,Infinium Pathology Consultants LLC, 1805 Wild Fern Dr., Oak Ridge, NC 27310, USA
| | - Sumana Choudhury
- Tengion, Inc., 3929 Westpoint Blvd, Ste G, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA.,Gene Therapy Center, Vector Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27617, USA
| | - Namrata Sangha
- Tengion, Inc., 3929 Westpoint Blvd, Ste G, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA.,Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Centre Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Thomas Spencer
- Tengion, Inc., 3929 Westpoint Blvd, Ste G, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA.,RegenMedTX LLC, 3929 Westpoint Blvd, Ste G, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA
| | - Timothy A Bertram
- Tengion, Inc., 3929 Westpoint Blvd, Ste G, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA.,RegenMedTX LLC, 3929 Westpoint Blvd, Ste G, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA
| | - Deepak Jain
- Tengion, Inc., 3929 Westpoint Blvd, Ste G, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA.,RegenMedTX LLC, 3929 Westpoint Blvd, Ste G, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA
| | - Russell W Kelley
- Tengion, Inc., 3929 Westpoint Blvd, Ste G, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA.,Burroughs Wellcome Fund, 21 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Joydeep Basu
- Tengion, Inc., 3929 Westpoint Blvd, Ste G, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA.,RegenMedTX LLC, 3929 Westpoint Blvd, Ste G, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA
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20
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Basu J, Ludlow JW. Cell-based therapeutic products: potency assay development and application. Regen Med 2015; 9:497-512. [PMID: 25159066 DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Potency is a critical quality attribute of biological products, defined by the US FDA as the specific ability or capacity of the product, as indicated by appropriate laboratory tests or by adequately controlled clinical data obtained through the administration of the product in the manner intended, to effect a given result. Ideally, a potency assay will leverage the product's mechanism of action. Alternatively, the assay may focus on a therapeutically relevant biological activity. The absence of rigorous mechanistic data for the majority of cell-based therapeutics currently in the process research pipeline has impeded efforts to design and validate indices of product potency. Development of a systematic battery of parallel functional assays that, taken together, can address all potential mechanisms of action believed to be relevant for the product platform is recommended. Such an approach is especially important during preclinical development. Here, we summarize the principal and unique challenges facing the development of functionally relevant and rigorous potency assays for cell-based therapeutics. We present perspectives regarding potency assay development for these products as illustrated by our experiences in process R&D of cryopreserved hepatocytes (Incara Pharmaceuticals) and selected renal cells (Tengion).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Basu
- Process Research & Translation, Tengion, Inc., 3929 Westpoint Blvd, Suite G, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA
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21
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Rutten MJ, Laraway B, Gregory CR, Xie H, Renken C, Keese C, Gregory KW. Rapid assay of stem cell functionality and potency using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:192. [PMID: 26438432 PMCID: PMC4594964 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine studies using autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) have shown improved clinical outcomes that correlate to in vitro BM-MNC invasive capacity. The current Boyden-chamber assay for testing invasive capacity is labor-intensive, provides only a single time point, and takes 36 hours to collect data and results, which is not practical from a clinical cell delivery perspective. To develop a rapid, sensitive and reproducible invasion assay, we employed Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) technology. Chemokine-directed BM-MNC cell invasion across a Matrigel-coated Transwell filter was measurable within minutes using the ECIS system we developed. This ECIS-Transwell chamber system provides a rapid and sensitive test of stem and progenitor cell invasive capacity for evaluation of stem cell functionality to provide timely clinical data for selection of patients likely to realize clinical benefit in regenerative medicine treatments. This device could also supply robust unambiguous, reproducible and cost effective data as a potency assay for cell product release and regulatory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Rutten
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, 97239, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Bryan Laraway
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, 97239, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Cynthia R Gregory
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, 97239, Portland, OR, USA. .,VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, 97239, Portland, OR, USA. .,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, 97239, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Hua Xie
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, 97239, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Christian Renken
- Applied BioPhysics, Inc., 185 Jordan Road, 12180, Troy, NY, USA.
| | - Charles Keese
- Applied BioPhysics, Inc., 185 Jordan Road, 12180, Troy, NY, USA.
| | - Kenton W Gregory
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, 97239, Portland, OR, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, 97239, Portland, OR, USA.
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22
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Ye L, Basu J, Zhang J. Fabrication of a myocardial patch with cells differentiated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1299:103-14. [PMID: 25836578 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2572-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cardiovascular disease represents a significant and growing health-care challenge to the developed and developing world. The ability of native heart muscle to regenerate in response to myocardial infarct is minimal. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches represent one promising response to this difficulty. Here, we present methods for the construction of a cell-seeded cardiac patch with the potential to promote regenerative outcomes in heart muscle with damage secondary to myocardial infarct. This method leverages iPS cells and a fibrin-based scaffold to create a simple and commercially viable tissue-engineered cardiac patch. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can, in principle, be differentiated into cells of any lineage. However, most of the protocols used to generate hiPSC-derived endothelial cells (ECs) and cardiomyocytes (CMs) are unsatisfactory because the yield and phenotypic stability of the hiPSC-ECs are low, and the hiPSC-CMs are often purified via selection for expression of a promoter-reporter construct. In this chapter, we describe an hiPSC-EC differentiation protocol that generates large numbers of stable ECs and an hiPSC-CM differentiation protocol that does not require genetic manipulation, single-cell selection, or sorting with fluorescent dyes or other reagents. We also provide a simple but effective method that can be used to combine hiPSC-ECs and hiPSC-CMs with hiPSC-derived smooth muscle cells to engineer a contracting patch of cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ye
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, MMC 508, 420 Delaware Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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23
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Salmikangas P, Menezes-Ferreira M, Reischl I, Tsiftsoglou A, Kyselovic J, Borg JJ, Ruiz S, Flory E, Trouvin JH, Celis P, Ancans J, Timon M, Pante G, Sladowski D, Lipnik-Stangelj M, Schneider CK. Manufacturing, characterization and control of cell-based medicinal products: challenging paradigms toward commercial use. Regen Med 2015; 10:65-78. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, a large number of cell-based medicinal products have been tested in clinical trials for the treatment of various diseases and tissue defects. However, licensed products and those approaching marketing authorization are still few. One major area of challenge is the manufacturing and quality development of these complex products, for which significant manipulation of cells might be required. While the paradigms of quality, safety and efficacy must apply also to these innovative products, their demonstration may be demanding. Demonstration of comparability between production processes and batches may be difficult for cell-based medicinal products. Thus, the development should be built around a well-controlled manufacturing process and a qualified product to guarantee reproducible data from nonclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jan Kyselovic
- • Comenius University, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Slovakia
| | | | - Sol Ruiz
- • Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios, Division of Biologicals & Biotechnology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Egbert Flory
- • Medical Biotechnology Division, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | | | - Janis Ancans
- • University of Latvia, Faculty of Biology, Riga, Latvia
| | - Marcos Timon
- • Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios, Division of Biologicals & Biotechnology, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Dariusz Sladowski
- • Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Transplantology & Central Tissue Bank, Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Steinke M, Dally I, Friedel G, Walles H, Walles T. Host-integration of a tissue-engineered airway patch: two-year follow-up in a single patient. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 21:573-9. [PMID: 25316325 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Different bioengineering techniques have been applied repeatedly for the reconstruction of extensive airway defects in the last few years. While short-term surgical success is evident, there is a lack of long-term results in patients. Here, we report the case of a young male who received a 5×2 cm bioartificial airway patch for tracheoesophageal reconstruction focusing on clinical defect healing and histomorphological tissue reorganization 2.5 years after surgery. We generated bioartificial airway tissue using a cell-free biological vascularized scaffold that was re-endothelialized and reseeded with the recipient's autologous primary cells and we implanted it into the recipient's left main bronchus. To investigate host-integration 2.5 years after the implantation, we obtained biopsies of the implant and adjacent tracheal tissue and processed these for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. The early postoperative course was uneventful and the transplanted airway tissue was integrated into the host. 2.5 years after transplantation, a bronchoscopy confirmed the scar-free reconstruction of the former airway defect. Histological work-up documented respiratory airway mucosa lining the bronchial reconstruction, making it indistinguishable from native airway mucosa. After transplantation, our bioartificial airway tissue provided perfect airway healing, with no histological evidence of tissue dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Steinke
- 1 Fraunhofer Project Group Regenerative Technologies in Oncology , Würzburg, Germany
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25
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Basu J, Assaf BT, Bertram TA, Rao M. Preclinical biosafety evaluation of cell-based therapies: emerging global paradigms. Toxicol Pathol 2014; 43:115-25. [PMID: 25476796 DOI: 10.1177/0192623314559104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies have the potential to treat a diversity of disease conditions, many representing significant and long-standing unmet medical needs. Certain properties of cell-based therapies, such as differentiation potential and proliferative potential, present safety concerns uniquely distinct from those of small molecule drugs and other macromolecule biologics. These cellular products carry risks associated with localized host tissue response, long-term persistence, ectopic tissue formation, differentiation to undesirable cell and tissue types, uncontrollable biodistribution, tumorigenicity, and immunogenicity. Such risks are generally evaluated in preclinical animal model studies as part of a comprehensive safety program prior to administration in humans. However, safety assessment for these products can be challenging because of inconsistent approaches to product characterization, inadequately defined product parameters that anticipate adverse events, and the lack of standardized approaches in evaluating in vivo host responses. In this symposium, we introduced cell-based therapies as an emerging product class to the Society of Toxicologic Pathology (STP) and highlighted key challenges for consideration during product biosafety evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Basu
- Tengion, Inc., Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Basel T Assaf
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Mahendra Rao
- New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, New York, USA
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26
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Biotechnological challenges of bioartificial kidney engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1317-1327. [PMID: 25135479 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the world-wide increase of patients with renal failure, the development of functional renal replacement therapies have gained significant interest and novel technologies are rapidly evolving. Currently used renal replacement therapies insufficiently remove accumulating waste products, resulting in the uremic syndrome. A more preferred treatment option is kidney transplantation, but the shortage of donor organs and the increasing number of patients waiting for a transplant warrant the development of novel technologies. The bioartificial kidney (BAK) is such promising biotechnological approach to replace essential renal functions together with the active secretion of waste products. The development of the BAK requires a multidisciplinary approach and evolves at the intersection of regenerative medicine and renal replacement therapy. Here we provide a concise review embracing a compact historical overview of bioartificial kidney development and highlighting the current state-of-the-art, including implementation of living-membranes and the relevance of extracellular matrices. We focus further on the choice of relevant renal epithelial cell lines versus the use of stem cells and co-cultures that need to be implemented in a suitable device. Moreover, the future of the BAK in regenerative nephrology is discussed.
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27
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Gemini-Piperni S, Takamori ER, Sartoretto SC, Paiva KBS, Granjeiro JM, de Oliveira RC, Zambuzzi WF. Cellular behavior as a dynamic field for exploring bone bioengineering: a closer look at cell-biomaterial interface. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 561:88-98. [PMID: 24976174 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a highly dynamic and specialized tissue, capable of regenerating itself spontaneously when afflicted by minor injuries. Nevertheless, when major lesions occur, it becomes necessary to use biomaterials, which are not only able to endure the cellular proliferation and migration, but also to substitute the original tissue or integrate itself to it. With the life expectancy growth, regenerative medicine has been gaining constant attention in the reconstructive field of dentistry and orthopedy. Focusing on broadening the therapeutic possibilities for the regeneration of injured organs, the development of biomaterials allied with the applicability of gene therapy and bone bioengineering has been receiving vast attention over the recent years. The progress of cellular and molecular biology techniques gave way to new-guided therapy possibilities. Supported by multidisciplinary activities, tissue engineering combines the interaction of physicists, chemists, biologists, engineers, biotechnologist, dentists and physicians with common goals: the search for materials that could promote and lead cell activity. A well-oriented combining of scaffolds, promoting factors, cells, together with gene therapy advances may open new avenues to bone healing in the near future. In this review, our target was to write a report bringing overall concepts on tissue bioengineering, with a special attention to decisive biological parameters for the development of biomaterials, as well as to discuss known intracellular signal transduction as a new manner to be explored within this field, aiming to predict in vitro the quality of the host cell/material and thus contributing with the development of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gemini-Piperni
- Laboratório de Bioensaios e Dinâmica Celular, Depto. Química e Bioquímica, Instituto de Biociência, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | - Katiúcia B S Paiva
- Extracellular Matrix Biology and Cellular Interaction Group, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial (INMETRO), Diretoria de Programas (DIPRO)/Bioengenharia, Xerém, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cardoso de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 9-75, Bauru, São Paulo, SP 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Willian Fernando Zambuzzi
- Laboratório de Bioensaios e Dinâmica Celular, Depto. Química e Bioquímica, Instituto de Biociência, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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