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Bekeredjian-Ding I, Trouvin JH, Depraetere H, La C, Suvarnapunya AE, Bell A, Mann A, Meij P, Bethony JM, Schellhaas L, Nazziwa WB, Karikari-Boateng E, Prachumsri JS, Salmikangas P, Smith D, Stjärnkvist P, Van Molle W, Baay M, Neels P. Controlled Human Infection Studies: Proposals for guidance on how to design, develop and produce a challenge strain. Biologicals 2021; 74:16-23. [PMID: 34620540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing need to establish quality principles for designing, developing and manufacturing challenge agents as currently these agents are classified differently by various jurisdictions. Indeed, considerations for challenge agent manufacturing vary between countries due to differences in regulatory oversight, the categorization of the challenge agent and incorporation into medicinal/vaccine development processes. To this end, a whitepaper on the guidance has been produced and disseminated for consultation to researchers, regulatory experts and regulatory or advisory bodies. This document is intended to discuss fundamental principles of selection, characterization, manufacture, quality control and storage of challenge agents for international reference. In the development phase, CMC documentation is needed for a candidate challenge agent, while standard operating procedure documentation is needed to monitor and control the manufacturing process, followed by use of qualified methods to test critical steps in the manufacturing process, or the final product itself. These activities are complementary: GMP rules, which intervene only at the time of the routine manufacturing of batches, do not contribute to the proper development and qualification of the candidate product. Some considerations regarding suitability of premises for challenge manufacturing was discussed in the presentation dedicated to "routine manufacturing".
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Hugues Trouvin
- International Alliance for Biological Standardization - IABS, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Akamol E Suvarnapunya
- Department of Diarrheal Disease Research, Bacterial Disease Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Pauline Meij
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Interdivisional GMP Facility, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M Bethony
- NaL3 Production Unit, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Linda Schellhaas
- NaL3 Production Unit, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc Baay
- P95 Epidemiology & Pharmacovigilance, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Neels
- International Alliance for Biological Standardization - IABS, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Lubiniecki A, Zoon K, Hill R, Knezevic I, Trouvin JH, Gaudry D. A biologicals Renaissance man: John C. Petricciani. Biologicals 2021; 68:1-2. [PMID: 33427652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Belissa E, Vallet T, Laribe-Caget S, Chevallier A, Chedhomme FX, Abdallah F, Bachalat N, Belbachir SA, Boulaich I, Bloch V, Delahaye A, Depoisson M, Wojcicki AD, Gibaud S, Grancher AS, Guinot C, Lachuer C, Lechowski L, Leglise P, Mahiou A, Meaume S, Michel C, Michelon H, Orven Y, Perquy I, Piccoli M, Rabus M, Ribemont AC, Rwabihama JP, Trouvin JH, Ruiz F, Boudy V. Acceptability of oral liquid pharmaceutical products in older adults: palatability and swallowability issues. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:344. [PMID: 31810442 PMCID: PMC6898963 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In institutional care, oral liquid pharmaceutical products are widely prescribed for older patients, especially for those with swallowing disorders. As medicines acceptability is a key factor for compliance in the older population, this study investigated the acceptability of oral liquid pharmaceutical products in this targeted population. Methods An observational, multicenter, prospective study was conducted in eight geriatric hospitals and eight nursing homes in France. Observers reported several behaviours/events describing the many aspects of acceptability for various pharmaceutical products’ uses in patients aged 65 and older. Acceptability scores of oral liquid pharmaceutical products were obtained using an acceptability reference framework (CAST - ClinSearch Acceptability Score Test®): a 3D-map summarizing the different users’ behaviors, with two clusters defining the positively and negatively accepted profiles materialized by the green and red zones, respectively. Results Among 1288 patients included in the core study and supporting the acceptability reference framework, 340 assessments were related to the administration of an oral liquid pharmaceutical product. The mean age of these patients was 87 (Range [66-104y]; SD = 6.7), 68% were women and 16% had swallowing disorders. Globally, the oral liquid pharmaceutical products were classified as “positively accepted,” the barycenter of the 340 assessments, along with the entire confidence ellipses surrounding it, were positioned on the green zone of the map. Sub-populations presenting a different acceptability profile have also been identified. For patients with swallowing disorders, the oral liquid pharmaceutical products were classified as “negatively accepted,” the barycenter of the 53 assessments along with 87% of its confidence ellipses were associated with this profile. A gender difference was observed for unflavored oral liquids. In women, they were classified “negatively accepted,” the barycenter of the 68 assessments with 75% of its confidence ellipses were located in the red zone, while they were classified “positively accepted” in men. Conclusion This study showed that oral liquid pharmaceutical products are a suboptimal alternative to solid oral dosage forms in patients with swallowing disorders. To ensure an optimal acceptability, prescribers should also consider the presence of a taste-masker in these oral liquids. As highlighted herein, palatability remains crucial in older populations, especially for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Belissa
- Département Recherche et Développement Pharmaceutique, Agence Générale des Equipements et Produits de Santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 7 rue du Fer à Moulin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Thibault Vallet
- ClinSearch, 110 avenue Pierre Brossolette, 92240, Malakoff, France
| | - Sandra Laribe-Caget
- Hôpital Rothschild, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Est Parisien, AP-HP, 5 rue Santerre, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Alain Chevallier
- Hôpital Broca, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Centre, AP-HP, 54-56 rue Pascal, 75013, Paris, France
| | - François-Xavier Chedhomme
- Hôpital Broca, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Centre, AP-HP, 54-56 rue Pascal, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Fattima Abdallah
- Hôpital Joffre Dupuytren, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, AP-HP, 1 rue Eugène Delacroix, 91210, Draveil, France
| | - Nathalie Bachalat
- Hôpital Joffre Dupuytren, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, AP-HP, 1 rue Eugène Delacroix, 91210, Draveil, France
| | - Sid-Ahmed Belbachir
- Hôpital René Muret, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, AP-HP, avenue du Dr Schaeffner, 93270, Sevran, France
| | - Imad Boulaich
- Hôpital Joffre Dupuytren, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, AP-HP, 1 rue Eugène Delacroix, 91210, Draveil, France
| | - Vanessa Bloch
- Hôpital Fernand Widal, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand-Widal, AP-HP, 200 rue du Faubourg Saint-Denis, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Anne Delahaye
- Hôpital Sainte Périne, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Ile-de-France Ouest, AP-HP, 11 rue Chardon Lagache, 75016, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Depoisson
- Hôpital Vaugirard, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Ouest, AP-HP, 10 rue Vaugelas, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Dufaÿ Wojcicki
- Département Recherche et Développement Pharmaceutique, Agence Générale des Equipements et Produits de Santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 7 rue du Fer à Moulin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Gibaud
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Vosgien, 1280 avenue division Leclerc, 88300, Neufchâteau, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Grancher
- Hôpital Rothschild, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Est Parisien, AP-HP, 5 rue Santerre, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Guinot
- Hôpital Fernand Widal, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand-Widal, AP-HP, 200 rue du Faubourg Saint-Denis, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Celia Lachuer
- Hôpital Joffre Dupuytren, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, AP-HP, 1 rue Eugène Delacroix, 91210, Draveil, France
| | - Laurent Lechowski
- Hôpital Sainte Périne, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Ile-de-France Ouest, AP-HP, 11 rue Chardon Lagache, 75016, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Leglise
- Hôpital Joffre Dupuytren, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, AP-HP, 1 rue Eugène Delacroix, 91210, Draveil, France
| | - Abdel Mahiou
- Hôpital René Muret, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, AP-HP, avenue du Dr Schaeffner, 93270, Sevran, France
| | - Sylvie Meaume
- Hôpital Rothschild, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Est Parisien, AP-HP, 5 rue Santerre, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Michel
- Hôpital René Muret, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, AP-HP, avenue du Dr Schaeffner, 93270, Sevran, France
| | - Hugues Michelon
- Hôpital Sainte Périne, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Ile-de-France Ouest, AP-HP, 11 rue Chardon Lagache, 75016, Paris, France
| | - Yann Orven
- Hôpital Vaugirard, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Ouest, AP-HP, 10 rue Vaugelas, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Ines Perquy
- Hôpital Broca, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Centre, AP-HP, 54-56 rue Pascal, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Piccoli
- Hôpital Broca, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Centre, AP-HP, 54-56 rue Pascal, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Maïté Rabus
- Hôpital Joffre Dupuytren, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, AP-HP, 1 rue Eugène Delacroix, 91210, Draveil, France
| | - Annie-Claude Ribemont
- Hôpital Joffre Dupuytren, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, AP-HP, 1 rue Eugène Delacroix, 91210, Draveil, France
| | - Jean-Paul Rwabihama
- Hôpital Joffre Dupuytren, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, AP-HP, 1 rue Eugène Delacroix, 91210, Draveil, France
| | - Jean-Hugues Trouvin
- Département Recherche et Développement Pharmaceutique, Agence Générale des Equipements et Produits de Santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 7 rue du Fer à Moulin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Ruiz
- ClinSearch, 110 avenue Pierre Brossolette, 92240, Malakoff, France
| | - Vincent Boudy
- Département Recherche et Développement Pharmaceutique, Agence Générale des Equipements et Produits de Santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 7 rue du Fer à Moulin, 75005, Paris, France.
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Menasché P, Vanneaux V, Hagège A, Bel A, Cholley B, Parouchev A, Cacciapuoti I, Al-Daccak R, Benhamouda N, Blons H, Agbulut O, Tosca L, Trouvin JH, Fabreguettes JR, Bellamy V, Charron D, Tartour E, Tachdjian G, Desnos M, Larghero J. Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiovascular Progenitors for Severe Ischemic Left Ventricular Dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 71:429-438. [PMID: 29389360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to scalability, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have the unique advantage of allowing their directed differentiation toward lineage-specific cells. OBJECTIVES This study tested the feasibility of leveraging the properties of hESCs to generate clinical-grade cardiovascular progenitor cells and assessed their safety in patients with severe ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. METHODS Six patients (median age 66.5 years [interquartile range (IQR): 60.5 to 74.7 years]; median left ventricular ejection fraction 26% [IQR: 22% to 32%]) received a median dose of 8.2 million (IQR: 5 to 10 million) hESC-derived cardiovascular progenitors embedded in a fibrin patch that was epicardially delivered during a coronary artery bypass procedure. The primary endpoint was safety at 1 year and focused on: 1) cardiac or off-target tumor, assessed by imaging (computed tomography and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scans); 2) arrhythmias, detected by serial interrogations of the cardioverter-defibrillators implanted in all patients; and 3) alloimmunization, assessed by the presence of donor-specific antibodies. Patients were followed up for a median of 18 months. RESULTS The protocol generated a highly purified (median 97.5% [IQR: 95.5% to 98.7%]) population of cardiovascular progenitors. One patient died early post-operatively from treatment-unrelated comorbidities. All others had uneventful recoveries. No tumor was detected during follow-up, and none of the patients presented with arrhythmias. Three patients developed clinically silent alloimmunization. All patients were symptomatically improved with an increased systolic motion of the cell-treated segments. One patient died of heart failure after 22 months. CONCLUSIONS This trial demonstrates the technical feasibility of producing clinical-grade hESC-derived cardiovascular progenitors and supports their short- and medium-term safety, thereby setting the grounds for adequately powered efficacy studies. (Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-derived Progenitors in Severe Heart Failure [ESCORT]; NCT02057900).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Menasché
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
| | - Valérie Vanneaux
- Cell Therapy Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France; INSERM, Clinical Investigation Center in Biotherapies (CBT-501) and U1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Albert Hagège
- University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Alain Bel
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Cholley
- University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Parouchev
- Cell Therapy Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France; INSERM, Clinical Investigation Center in Biotherapies (CBT-501) and U1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Cacciapuoti
- Cell Therapy Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France; INSERM, Clinical Investigation Center in Biotherapies (CBT-501) and U1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Reem Al-Daccak
- INSERM U976, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Benhamouda
- Department of Biological Immunology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Blons
- INSERM Mixed Research Units (UMR)-S1147, National Scientific Research Center (CNRS) Non CNRS Structure 5014, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacogenetic and Molecular Oncology Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, University Paris-6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Tosca
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Sud, Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetics, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Clamart, France
| | - Jean-Hugues Trouvin
- School of Pharmacy, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Central Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Innovation Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Roch Fabreguettes
- Central Pharmacy, Clinical Trials Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Bellamy
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Charron
- Human Leukocyte Antigen and Médecine, Hôpital Saint-Louis, INSERM U976, Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Department of Biological Immunology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Tachdjian
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Sud, Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetics, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Clamart, France
| | - Michel Desnos
- University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Larghero
- Cell Therapy Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France; INSERM, Clinical Investigation Center in Biotherapies (CBT-501) and U1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Camadro M, Benamouzig D, Barouki R, Trouvin JH, Astagneau P. [Regulatory science in public health: What are we talking about?]. Sante Publique 2018; 30:187-196. [PMID: 30148306 DOI: 10.3917/spub.182.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
This article sheds light on a concept little known to public health actors in France: regulatory science, used to describe the range of scientific activities used to produce the knowledge mobilized to support, develop or adapt public policy decisions. The objective is to understand how the expression appeared in the mid-1980s and was formalized into a sociological concept by the American writer Sheila Jasanoff in 1990, and has gradually imposed itself in American, Japanese and European regulatory agencies as a new scientific discipline. The article examines the evolution of the concept and the various approaches proposed to define regulatory science. It highlights its hybrid and heterogeneous nature, underlining the different characteristics that the expression covers according to the institution which formulates it (FDA, EMA, PMDA) and the scope of application that it covers. Based on concrete examples of the application of regulatory science practices in three broad areas of health risk, the paper focuses on the role of research in the decision-making process by showing how the emergence of new methods designed to strengthen the regulatory capacities of regulators and the role of academic communities associated with this approach, contribute to the strengthening of public health policies in France and worldwide.
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Abbot S, Agbanyo F, Ahlfors JE, Baghbaderani BA, Bartido S, Bharti K, Burke C, Carlsson B, Cavagnaro J, Creasey A, DiGiusto D, Francissen K, Gaffney A, Goldring C, Gorba T, Griffiths E, Hanatani T, Hayakawa T, Heki T, Hoogendoorn K, Kawamata S, Kimura H, Kirkeby A, Knezevic I, Lebkowski J, Lin S, Lin-Gibson S, Lubiniecki A, O'Shea O, Pera M, Petricciani J, Pigeau G, Ratcliffe A, Sato Y, Schumann GG, Shingleton W, Stacey Chair G, Sullivan S, Svendsen CN, Trouvin JH, Vandeputte J, Yuan BZ, Zoon K. Report of the international conference on manufacturing and testing of pluripotent stem cells. Biologicals 2018; 56:67-83. [PMID: 30150108 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sessions included an overview of past cell therapy (CT) conferences sponsored by the International Alliance for Biological Standardization (IABS). The sessions highlighted challenges in the field of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and also addressed specific points on manufacturing, bioanalytics and comparability, tumorigenicity testing, storage, and shipping. Panel discussions complemented the presentations. The conference concluded that a range of new standardization groups is emerging that could help the field, but ways must be found to ensure that these efforts are coordinated. In addition, there are opportunities for regulatory convergence starting with a gap analysis of existing guidelines to determine what might be missing and what issues might be creating divergence. More specific global regulatory guidance, preferably from WHO, would be welcome. IABS and the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) will explore with stakeholders the development of a practical and innovative road map to support early CT product (CTP) developers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Abla Creasey
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM), USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elwyn Griffiths
- International Alliance for Biological Standardization (lABS), Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Shin Kawamata
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation (FBRI), Japan
| | | | - Agnete Kirkeby
- University of Lund, Sweden and University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Stephen Lin
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM), USA
| | | | - Anthony Lubiniecki
- International Alliance for Biological Standardization (lABS), Switzerland
| | - Orla O'Shea
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), UK
| | - Martin Pera
- International Stem Cell Initiative, Jackson Laboratories, USA
| | - John Petricciani
- International Alliance for Biological Standardization (lABS), Switzerland.
| | - Gary Pigeau
- Centre for Commercialization of Regenerative Medicine (CCRM), Canada
| | | | - Yoji Sato
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan
| | | | | | - Glyn Stacey Chair
- University of Liverpool, UK; International Stem Cell Banking Initiative (ISCBI), UK
| | | | | | | | - Joris Vandeputte
- International Alliance for Biological Standardization (lABS), Switzerland
| | - Bao-Zhu Yuan
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, China
| | - Kathryn Zoon
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Emerita, USA
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Petricciani J, Hayakawa T, Stacey G, Trouvin JH, Knezevic I. Scientific considerations for the regulatory evaluation of cell therapy products. Biologicals 2017; 50:20-26. [PMID: 28888427 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy involves the administration of a viable somatic cell preparation to a patient for the treatment of a disease or traumatic damage. Because cell therapies are complex and very different from traditional biological products, they present significant challenges for regulatory authorities, manufacturers, developers, health care providers, and patients involved in their application. Like other emerging areas of biomedical research and development, there are many issues where regulatory views and decisions among countries and regions may differ due to minimal scientific evidence to support safety and efficacy, and lack of experience with these novel treatments. A brief overview of the current regulatory landscape for cell-based therapies is presented, and the need for a global effort to develop a set of common principles that may serve to facilitate the regulatory evaluation and market availability of these products is identified. In addition, a number of elements that could form a core consensus package of requirements for evaluating human cell therapy products is presented in the supplemental material which should be read in conjunction with the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Petricciani
- International Alliance for Biological Standardization (IABS), Switzerland.
| | - Takao Hayakawa
- The Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute and Kindai University, Japan.
| | - Glyn Stacey
- National Institute of Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), UK.
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Girault D, Trouvin JH, Blachier-Poisson C, Gary F, Laloye D, Bergmann JF, Casadevall N, Delval C, De Sahb Berkovitch R, Fagon JY, Gersberg M, Lassale C, Lechat P, Le Jeunne C, Montastruc JL, Prugnaud JL, Ratignier-Carbonneil C, Rey-Coquais C. Biosimilars: from Technical to Pharmacoeconomic Considerations. Therapie 2016; 70:47-55. [PMID: 27393396 DOI: 10.2515/therapie/2015003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A biosimilar is a biological medicinal product claimed to be similar to a reference biological medicinal product. Its development plan includes studies comparing it with the reference product in order to confirm its similarity in terms of quality, preclinical safety, clinical efficacy, and clinical safety, including immunogenicity. Biosimilars differ from generics both in their molecular complexity and in the specific requirements that apply to them. Since patents on many biological medicinal products will expire within the next 5 years in major therapeutic areas such as oncology, rheumatology and gastroenterology and as those products are so costly to the French national health insurance system, the availability of biosimilars would have a considerable economic impact. The round table has issued a number of recommendations intended to ensure that the upcoming arrival of biosimilars on the market is a success, in which prescribing physicians would have a central role in informing and reassuring patients, an efficient monitoring of the patients treated with biologicals would be set up and time to market for biosimilars would be speeded up.
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Menasché P, Vanneaux V, Hagège A, Bel A, Cholley B, Cacciapuoti I, Parouchev A, Benhamouda N, Tachdjian G, Tosca L, Trouvin JH, Fabreguettes JR, Bellamy V, Guillemain R, Suberbielle Boissel C, Tartour E, Desnos M, Larghero J. Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors for severe heart failure treatment: first clinical case report: Figure 1. Eur Heart J 2015; 36:2011-7. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Lucas-Samuel S, Ferry N, Trouvin JH. Overview of the Regulatory Oversight Implemented by the French Regulatory Authorities for the Clinical Investigation of Gene Therapy and Cell Therapy Products. Adv Exp Med Biol 2015; 871:73-85. [PMID: 26374213 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18618-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Advanced therapy medicinal products, a new class of products with promising therapeutic effects, have been classified as medicinal products and as such should be developed according to a well-structured development plan, to establish their quality, safety and efficacy profile and conclude, at the time of the marketing authorisation evaluation, on a positive risk/benefit balance for patients. An important part of this development plan is achieved through clinical trials, which have also to be approved according to a well-established regulatory process, prior any initiation. This chapter is dedicated to describe the regulatory pathway to be followed in France, before initiating any clinical trial with those investigational advanced therapy medicinal products. In France, to get the final authorisation to initiate a clinical trial, the legislation imposes to run in parallel two independent but complementary authorisation procedures. The first procedure is aimed at assessing the ethical aspect of the biomedical research, while the second has to review the safety and regulatory aspects. A third procedure has to be envisaged where in case the investigational product consists or contains a genetically modified organism. The French system herein described is in line with the EU regulation on clinical trial and follows the respective deadlines for granting the final approval. The complexity of the procedure is in fact more due to the complexity of the products and protocols to be assessed than to the procedure itself which is now very close to the well-known procedure applied routinely for more conventional chemical or biological candidate medicinal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Lucas-Samuel
- BIOVAC Directorate, National Safety Agency for Drug and Health Products, Management of Organic Products, Saint Denis, France.
| | - Nicolas Ferry
- BIOVAC Directorate, National Safety Agency for Drug and Health Products, Management of Organic Products, Saint Denis, France. .,Committee for Advanced Therapies (CAT), European Medicines Agency, London, UK.
| | - Jean-Hugues Trouvin
- Public Health and Health Products, School of Pharmacy, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France.
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11
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Salmikangas P, Menezes-Ferreira M, Reischl I, Tsiftsoglou A, Kyselovic J, Borg JJ, Ruiz S, Flory E, Trouvin JH, Celis P, Ancans J, Timon M, Pante G, Sladowski D, Lipnik-Stangelj M, Schneider CK. Manufacturing, characterization and control of cell-based medicinal products: challenging paradigms toward commercial use. Regen Med 2015; 10:65-78. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, a large number of cell-based medicinal products have been tested in clinical trials for the treatment of various diseases and tissue defects. However, licensed products and those approaching marketing authorization are still few. One major area of challenge is the manufacturing and quality development of these complex products, for which significant manipulation of cells might be required. While the paradigms of quality, safety and efficacy must apply also to these innovative products, their demonstration may be demanding. Demonstration of comparability between production processes and batches may be difficult for cell-based medicinal products. Thus, the development should be built around a well-controlled manufacturing process and a qualified product to guarantee reproducible data from nonclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jan Kyselovic
- • Comenius University, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Slovakia
| | | | - Sol Ruiz
- • Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios, Division of Biologicals & Biotechnology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Egbert Flory
- • Medical Biotechnology Division, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | | | - Janis Ancans
- • University of Latvia, Faculty of Biology, Riga, Latvia
| | - Marcos Timon
- • Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios, Division of Biologicals & Biotechnology, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Dariusz Sladowski
- • Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Transplantology & Central Tissue Bank, Warsaw, Poland
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Girault D, Trouvin JH, Blachier-Poisson C, Gary F, Laloye D, Bergmann JF, Casadevall N, Delval C, De Sahb Berkovitch R, Fagon JY, Gersberg M, Lassale C, Lechat P, Le Jeunne C, Montastruc JL, Prugnaud JL, Ratignier-Carbonneil C, Rey-Coquais C. [Not Available]. Therapie 2015; 70:37-46. [PMID: 27393395 DOI: 10.2515/therapie/2014233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Narayanan G, Cossu G, Galli MC, Flory E, Ovelgonne H, Salmikangas P, Schneider CK, Trouvin JH. Clinical development of gene therapy needs a tailored approach: a regulatory perspective from the European Union. HUM GENE THER CL DEV 2014; 25:1-6. [PMID: 24649836 DOI: 10.1089/humc.2013.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a rapidly evolving field that needs an integrated approach, as acknowledged in the concept article on the revision of the guideline on gene transfer medicinal products. The first gene therapy application for marketing authorization was approved in the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) region in 2012, the product being Alipogene tiparvovec. The regulatory process for this product has been commented on extensively, highlighting the challenges posed by such a novel technology. Here, as current or previous members of the Committee for Advanced Therapies, we share our perspectives and views on gene therapy as a treatment modality based on current common understanding and regulatory experience of gene therapy products in the European Union to date. It is our view that a tailored approach is needed for a given gene therapy product in order to achieve successful marketing authorization.
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Pfleiderer M, Trouvin JH, Brasseur D, Gränstrom M, Shivji R, Mura M, Cavaleri M. Summary of knowledge gaps related to quality and efficacy of current influenza vaccines. Vaccine 2014; 32:4586-4591. [PMID: 24954696 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Influenza viruses are a public health threat, as they are pathogenic, highly transmissible and prone to genetic changes. For decades vaccination strategies have been based on trivalent inactivated vaccines, which are regulated by specific guidelines. The progress in scientific knowledge and the lessons learned from the A(H1N1)2009 pandemic have highlighted further the need to improve current guidelines, including the immunogenicity criteria set by the CHMP in 1997, and to promote the discussion on the shortcomings encountered, e.g. the evaluation of vaccine efficacy in the paediatric and elderly populations, the measurement of the naivety of a population, the impact of prior immunity on subsequent vaccinations, and the technical issues with the serological assays for detection of immunity and immunogenicity. The authors attempted to summarise and tackle key gaps in the existing evidence concerning quality and efficacy of influenza vaccines, aiming at favouring a common understanding and a coordinated approach across stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pfleiderer
- Vaccine Working Party of the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA); Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Jean-Hugues Trouvin
- Paris Descartes University, School of Pharmacy, Health Safety and Public Health Department, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Brasseur
- Vaccine Working Party of the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA); Agence Fédérale des Médicaments et des Produits de Santé, Batiment EUROSTATION, bloc 2, place Victor Horta, 40/40, B-1060 Brussels, Belgium; Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA)
| | - Marta Gränstrom
- Vaccine Working Party of the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA); MTC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Paediatric Committee of the European Medicines Agency (EMA)
| | - Ragini Shivji
- European Medicines Agency (EMA), 7 Westferry Circus, Canary Wharf, London E14 4HB, United Kingdom
| | - Manuela Mura
- European Medicines Agency (EMA), 7 Westferry Circus, Canary Wharf, London E14 4HB, United Kingdom.
| | - Marco Cavaleri
- European Medicines Agency (EMA), 7 Westferry Circus, Canary Wharf, London E14 4HB, United Kingdom
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Menasché P, Vanneaux V, Fabreguettes JR, Bel A, Tosca L, Garcia S, Bellamy V, Farouz Y, Pouly J, Damour O, Périer MC, Desnos M, Hagège A, Agbulut O, Bruneval P, Tachdjian G, Trouvin JH, Larghero J. Towards a clinical use of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors: a translational experience. Eur Heart J 2014; 36:743-50. [PMID: 24835485 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM There is now compelling evidence that cells committed to a cardiac lineage are most effective for improving the function of infarcted hearts. This has been confirmed by our pre-clinical studies entailing transplantation of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived cardiac progenitors in rat and non-human primate models of myocardial infarction. These data have paved the way for a translational programme aimed at a phase I clinical trial. METHODS AND RESULTS The main steps of this programme have included (i) the expansion of a clone of pluripotent hESC to generate a master cell bank under good manufacturing practice conditions (GMP); (ii) a growth factor-induced cardiac specification; (iii) the purification of committed cells by immunomagnetic sorting to yield a stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA)-1-positive cell population strongly expressing the early cardiac transcription factor Isl-1; (iv) the incorporation of these cells into a fibrin scaffold; (v) a safety assessment focused on the loss of teratoma-forming cells by in vitro (transcriptomics) and in vivo (cell injections in immunodeficient mice) measurements; (vi) an extensive cytogenetic and viral testing; and (vii) the characterization of the final cell product and its release criteria. The data collected throughout this process have led to approval by the French regulatory authorities for a first-in-man clinical trial of transplantation of these SSEA-1(+) progenitors in patients with severely impaired cardiac function. CONCLUSION Although several facets of this manufacturing process still need to be improved, these data may yet provide a useful platform for the production of hESC-derived cardiac progenitor cells under safe and cost-effective GMP conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Menasché
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75475, France INSERM U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Vanneaux
- Cell Therapy Unit and Clinical Investigation Center in Biotherapies (CBT501), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75475, France INSERM UMRS1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Roch Fabreguettes
- Central Pharmacy, Clinical Trials Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alain Bel
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France INSERM U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Tosca
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Sud, Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetics, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Clamart 92141, France
| | - Sylvie Garcia
- Unité de Biologie des Populations Lymphocytaires, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS-URA 1961, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Bellamy
- INSERM U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Yohan Farouz
- University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75475, France INSERM U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Julia Pouly
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Odile Damour
- Tissues and Cells Bank, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | | | - Michel Desnos
- University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75475, France INSERM U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Albert Hagège
- University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75475, France INSERM U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75475, France INSERM U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France Department of Pathology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Tachdjian
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Sud, Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetics, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Clamart 92141, France
| | - Jean-Hugues Trouvin
- School of Pharmacy, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France Central Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Innovation Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Larghero
- Cell Therapy Unit and Clinical Investigation Center in Biotherapies (CBT501), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75475, France INSERM UMRS1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
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16
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Narayanan G, Salmikangas P, Schneider CK, Galli MC, Trouvin JH, Flory E, Cossu G, Ovelgonne H. Clinical development of Gene therapy needs a tailored approach: A regulatory perspective from the EU. HUM GENE THER CL DEV 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Megerlin
- Francis Megerlin ( ) is maître de conférences in the Department of Health Law and Economics at the School of Pharmacy, Université Paris Descartes, and a member of GRADES Université Paris-Sud, in France; and a senior fellow at the Berkeley Center for Health Technology, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Ruth Lopert
- Ruth Lopert was a visiting professor in the Department of Health Policy at the George Washington University, in Washington, D.C., at the time this article was drafted. She is now principal adviser, Market Authorisation, at the Therapeutic Goods Administration, in Canberra, Australia
| | - Ken Taymor
- Ken Taymor is the executive director of the Berkeley Center for Law, Business, and the Economy at the University of California, Berkeley, School of Law
| | - Jean-Hugues Trouvin
- Jean-Hugues Trouvin is a professor in the Department of Drug Development at the School of Pharmacy, Université Paris Descartes, and chair of the Biologic Working Party, European Medicines Agency, in London
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Schneider CK, Vleminckx C, Gravanis I, Ehmann F, Trouvin JH, Weise M, Thirstrup S. Setting the stage for biosimilar monoclonal antibodies. Nat Biotechnol 2012; 30:1179-85. [PMID: 23222783 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schneider CK, Salmikangas P, Jilma B, Flamion B, Todorova LR, Paphitou A, Haunerova I, Maimets T, Trouvin JH, Flory E, Tsiftsoglou A, Sarkadi B, Gudmundsson K, O'Donovan M, Migliaccio G, Ancāns J, Maciulaitis R, Robert JL, Samuel A, Ovelgönne JH, Hystad M, Fal AM, Lima BS, Moraru AS, Turcáni P, Zorec R, Ruiz S, Akerblom L, Narayanan G, Kent A, Bignami F, Dickson JG, Niederwieser D, Figuerola-Santos MA, Reischl IG, Beuneu C, Georgiev R, Vassiliou M, Pychova A, Clausen M, Methuen T, Lucas S, Schüssler-Lenz M, Kokkas V, Buzás Z, MacAleenan N, Galli MC, Linē A, Gulbinovic J, Berchem G, Fraczek M, Menezes-Ferreira M, Vilceanu N, Hrubisko M, Marinko P, Timón M, Cheng W, Crosbie GA, Meade N, di Paola ML, VandenDriessche T, Ljungman P, D'Apote L, Oliver-Diaz O, Büttel I, Celis P. Challenges with advanced therapy medicinal products and how to meet them. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2010; 9:195-201. [PMID: 20190786 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs), which include gene therapy medicinal products, somatic cell therapy medicinal products and tissue-engineered products, are at the cutting edge of innovation and offer a major hope for various diseases for which there are limited or no therapeutic options. They have therefore been subject to considerable interest and debate. Following the European regulation on ATMPs, a consolidated regulatory framework for these innovative medicines has recently been established. Central to this framework is the Committee for Advanced Therapies (CAT) at the European Medicines Agency (EMA), comprising a multidisciplinary scientific expert committee, representing all EU member states and European Free Trade Association countries, as well as patient and medical associations. In this article, the CAT discusses some of the typical issues raised by developers of ATMPs, and highlights the opportunities for such companies and research groups to approach the EMA and the CAT as a regulatory advisor during development.
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Trouvin JH. Introductory note to the three-part series of papers by Basant Sharma on: immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins: how to assess and the role of pharmaceutical quality. Biotechnol Adv 2007; 25:307-9. [PMID: 17321095 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Trouvin JH. [Viral safety concept: application to blood and blood products]. Rev Prat 2005; 55:2033-8. [PMID: 16419908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Safety of blood and its derivatives, with regards to the risk of transmission of infectious agents such as viruses or non conventional agents, relies on a series of general principles for which national and European guidance and regulations have been drawn and regularly updated. Three main criteria contribute to the safety of these products: knowledge and control of the quality of blood or plasma as the starting material, the efficiency of the manufacturing process to remove/inactivate adventitious agents, and the testing done during the production process. In addition, vigilance routinely exercised on the products used in daily practice increases the confidence in these health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Hugues Trouvin
- Direction de l'évaluation des medicaments et produits biologiques (Demeb), Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des produits de santé (Afssaps), 143, boulevard Anatole France, 93285 Saint-Denis Cedex.
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22
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Lagrue G, Le Foll B, Melihan-Cheinin P, Rostoker G, Ades J, de Beaurepaire R, Berlin Y, Borgne A, Dautzenberg B, Dally S, Divine C, Denis C, Dumarcet N, Dupont P, Jeanjean A, Lagier G, Lebargy F, Leder JM, Legeron P, Le Pen C, Mallaret M, Menard J, Messina C, Molimard R, Mussetta B, Peiffer G, Pons F, Robine I, Saint-Salvi B, Stoebner A, Bouvenot G, Bergmann JF, Caulin C, Dupuis B, Aubier M, Bannwarth B, Camelli B, Castot A, Denis C, Dumarcet N, Funck-Brentano C, Le Jeunne C, Meyer F, Petit M, Reveillaud O, Riche C, Rostoker G, Thery C, Tremolieres F, Trouvin JH, Wong O, Acquaviva JL, Atlan P, Aubert JP, Aubin HJ, Baumelou A, Borys JM, Bozzi JF, Clement CA, Cogneau J, Coletti M, Demeaux JL, Detilleux M, Dumel F, Gallouedec N, Godin G, Klotz P, Lalande-Errard G, Lemasson JL, Le Roux G, L’Huillier JP, Liard F, Lievre M, Martinet Y, Menu G, Meyrand B, Mortal P, Olaya E, Partouche H, Pinget M, Pitras J, Said G, Thibon R, Thomas D, Vrigneaud J. Les stratégies thérapeutiques médicamenteuses et non médicamenteuses de l’aide à l’arrêt du tabac. Therapie 2003. [DOI: 10.2515/therapie:2003080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Trouvin JH. [Sanitary safety of GMOs used in therapeutics]. Bull Acad Natl Med 2003; 186:1401-9. [PMID: 12669359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The recent progress in human therapeutics has been made possible thanks to molecular biology and its use in producing proteins having the same sequence and structure as that of human proteins. The use of GMOs allows production of proteins with high added value in therapeutics, which are of satisfactory quality. GMOs may also be directly administered to patients as gene therapy vectors. However, the use of GMOs in therapeutics must take into consideration some risks, particularly those of microbiological contamination, of neo-antigenicity as well as environmental risks with regard to the way of use of the GMO. Nevertheless, those risks are taken in due consideration in the development of those new medicinal products; solutions have been found to allow their use in therapeutics with a very positive benefit/risk ratio. Medicinal products from biotechnology have permitted considerable therapeutic progress without compromising health security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Hugues Trouvin
- Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Produits de Santé (AFSSAPS), 143 Bd A. France, 93285 Saint-Denis
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Moussaoui S, Lucas S, Zorzi P, Le Saulnier C, Trouvin JH. [Regulatory framework of cell therapy products]. Bull Cancer 2003; 90:779-88. [PMID: 14609769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy can be defined as "the in vivo use of autologous, allogeneic or xenogeneic cells for the prevention, treatment or attenuation of disease". There have been major advances in this field in the last few years, leading to many clinical applications. Because of safety and ethical concerns, the therapeutic use of cells products justified to be regulated. In France, the law number 96-452 and the law number 98-535 defined a specific regulatory framework for these products: previous authorisation is required for the site of preparation of therapeutic cells product, for clinical trial relating to cell therapy products and for their therapeutic use. Some Cell therapy products could be considered as proprietary medicinal product. The authorisation for the site of preparation and for the clinical trial are granted by the French Health Products Agency ("Afssaps"). Depending on the status, the product could be authorised by Afssaps or by the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA). Whatever the status, the quality and security of these products should be controlled and the therapeutic use validated. In Europe, such products are currently regulated under the varying national laws of each member states. A European regulation must be defined for cell based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Moussaoui
- Direction de l'évaluation des produits biologiques, Agence française de sécuriré sanitaire des produits de santé, 143-147, boulevard Anatole-France, 93285 Saint-Denis, France
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Abstract
Retinal circadian rhythms are driven by an intrinsic oscillator, using chemical signals such as melatonin, secreted by photoreceptor cells. The purpose of the present work was to identify the origin of serotonin, the precursor of melatonin, in the retina of adult rat, where no immunoreactivity for serotonin or tryptophan hydroxylase had ever been detected. To demonstrate local synthesis of serotonin in the rat retina, substrates of tryptophan hydroxylase, the first limiting enzyme in the serotonin pathway, have been used. Tryptophan, in the presence of an inhibitor of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, enhanced 5-hydroxytryptophan levels, whereas alpha-methyltryptophan, a competitive substrate inhibitor, was hydroxylated into alpha-methyl-5-hydroxytryptophan. Tryptophan hydroxylase substrate concentration was higher in the dark period than in the light period, and formation of hydroxylated compounds was increased. The presence of tryptophan hydroxylase mRNA in the rat retina was confirmed by RT-PCR. Taken together, the results support the local synthesis of serotonin by tryptophan hydroxylation, this metabolic pathway being required more critically when 5-HT is used for melatonin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Chanut
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Dkhissi O, Chanut E, Versaux-Botteri C, Trouvin JH, Repérant J, Nguyen-Legros J. Day and night dysfunction in intraretinal melatonin and related indoleamines metabolism, correlated with the development of glaucoma-like disorder in an avian model. J Neuroendocrinol 1998; 10:863-9. [PMID: 9831262 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2826.1998.00273.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As previous studies have suggested that melatonin and serotonin may be involved in the regulation of intraocular pressure, retinal concentrations of melatonin, 5-HT, and related indoleamines measured at day and at night were studied during the development of a glaucoma-like disorder with increased intraocular pressure in the al mutant quail. Indoleamine levels were determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection in 1-month-, 3-month-, and 7-month-old al mutant and control quails. Morphology and numbers of melatonin-synthesizing and 5-HT-containing cells, labelled immunohistochemically with an anti-hydroxyindol-0-methyltransferase (HIOMT) antibody and an anti-5-HT antibody, respectively, were studied. Major findings were that: (1) no significant changes in morphology of melatonin-synthesizing cells or in the morphology and density of 5-HT-containing amacrine cells were observed during the development of glaucoma: (2) 5-HT metabolism was modified during the night at 1 month of age and during the day after 3 months; and (3) melatonin metabolism was modified during the night at 7 months and during the day after 3 months. These results demonstrate a relationship between the temporal evolution of this avian glaucoma and a dysfunction in indoleamine retinal metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Dkhissi
- Laboratoire de NeuroCytologie Oculaire, INSERM U 86, Paris, France
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Chanut E, Nguyen-Legros J, Versaux-Botteri C, Trouvin JH, Launay JM. Determination of melatonin in rat pineal, plasma and retina by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1998; 709:11-8. [PMID: 9653921 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(98)00041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive method for the routine measurement of endogenous melatonin (MEL) in pineal, retina and plasma rat tissues has been developed using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Quantification limit for MEL was 0.2 ng/mg protein in pineal, 15 pg/ml in plasma and 2.0 pg/mg protein in retina. To improve both MEL quantification and the reproducibility of the assay, an internal standard was used when an extraction in organic solvent was required, in contrast with other available chromatographic methods. MEL values and the circadian profile obtained in this study from both rat pineal and plasma agree with those reported previously. This method allows MEL detection in mammal retina, particularly in rat, where MEL levels are very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chanut
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Trouvin JH. Development of specifications for biotechnology products--perspective from Europe. Dev Biol Stand 1997; 91:25-30. [PMID: 9413679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Trouvin
- Agence du Médicament, Unité Biologie, Saint-Denis, France
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Radembino N, Dessalles MC, Trouvin JH, Loiseau PM, Gayral P, Mahuzier G, Rapp M, Labarre P, Godeneche D, Madelmont JC, Maurizis JC, Veyre A, Chabard JL. Tissue distribution and metabolism in rat of an ethynesulphonamide with filaricidal activity. Xenobiotica 1997; 27:73-85. [PMID: 9041680 DOI: 10.1080/004982597240776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
1. The tissue distribution and metabolism of a new filaricidal agent P903 (N-[(2-phenylethynyl)sulfonyl]morpholine) were studied in rat. 2. After s.c. administration of 14C and 13C P903, the Tmax in the blood was observed on day 2. Elimination was slow and > 95% was bound to protein. Radioactivity was distributed in the whole organism but particularly in erythrocytes and the lymphatic channel. Four days later, > 60% of the radioactivity was excreted in urine and faeces at equal amounts and 15% remained at the injection point. 3. In all biological fluids tested no P903 was found but only its metabolites. 4. One principal metabolite, the N-[(2-phenyloxo-2-ethane) sulphonyl] morpholine or oxosulphonamide was identified in blood, urine and faeces as compared with the reference compound by GC/MS and NMR. This latter molecule was detected following hydrolysis by hydrochloric acid but not with beta glucuronidase/sulphatase. 5. Unconjugated and conjugated oxosulphonamide represented > 85% of the radioactivity at all times tested in blood but only 38 and 35% respectively of urinary and faecal radioactivity on day 1 after the administration of the labelled drug. 6. Thus, P903 is rapidly converted to a reactive metabolite, probably an oxirene, which is then conjugated with endogenous components to form conjugated oxosulphonamide and an unknown metabolite. The role of this reactive metabolite in antifilarial activity seems to be very important in understanding the mechanism of action of P903.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Radembino
- Laboratoires de Méthodologies Bioanalytiques, de Parasitologie et de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Nguyen-Legros J, Chanut E, Versaux-Botteri C, Simon A, Trouvin JH. Dopamine inhibits melatonin synthesis in photoreceptor cells through a D2-like receptor subtype in the rat retina: biochemical and histochemical evidence. J Neurochem 1996; 67:2514-20. [PMID: 8931485 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67062514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
An intrinsic oscillator, using dopamine and melatonin as antagonist signals, controls rhythmic events in the retina of nonmammals. The purpose of the present work was to localize and characterize a dopamine receptor responsible for the nocturnal inhibition of melatonin synthesis in photoreceptor cells in a mammalian retina. An antibody against the D2 receptor stained photoreceptor cell inner segments of the rat retina. alpha-Methyl-p-tyrosine, a competitive inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, enhanced the nocturnal content of melatonin, suggesting the dopamine control of melatonin synthesis as in non-mammals. Clozapine, a D2c/D4 antagonist, also enhanced the nocturnal level of melatonin, whereas raclopride, a D2A antagonist, did not. Taken together, these results support the control of melatonin levels by dopamine through a D2C/D4 receptor in photoreceptor cells of the rat retina. The presence of D4 receptors in the rat retina was confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nguyen-Legros
- Laboratoire de NeuroCytologie Oculaire, INSERM U. 86, Paris, France
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Rocher C, Bert L, Robert F, Trouvin JH, Renaud B, Jacquot C, Gardier AM. Microdialysis monitoring of variations in extracellular levels of serotonin, GABA and excitatory amino acids in the frontal cortex of awake rats in response to a single peripheral or central administration of dexfenfluramine. Brain Res 1996; 737:221-30. [PMID: 8930369 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(96)00735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of a single dexfenfluramine (D-fen) administration on the release of endogenous serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), excitatory (glutamate, Glu, aspartate, Asp) and inhibitory (gamma-aminobutyric acid, GABA) amino acids from the frontal cortex were studied by using in vivo microdialysis in freely-moving rats. Extracellular levels of these neurotransmitters were measured with HPLC coupled to electrochemical detection or with capillary electrophoresis coupled to laser-induced fluoresence detection (CE-LIFD). In a first study, single intraperitoneal administration of D-fen (0.5, 1.3, 5 and 10 mg/kg) increased extracellular 5-HT levels in a dose-dependent manner (maximal increase by 982% over baseline for the highest dose) while changes in Glu, Asp or GABA never reached statistical significance. In a second study, 73 nM of D-fen applied locally through the frontocortical dialysis probe, at a flow rate of 1.5 microliters/min in 30 microliters of perfusion fluid for 20 min, increased extracellular 5-HT and Asp levels [the maximal increases were to 1804% and 280% of the respective basal values (100%)] without altering extracellular levels of Glu and GABA. Thus, the order of magnitude of the changes induced by systemic administration or local infusion of D-fen on frontocortical extracellular levels of several neurotransmitters (5-HT > > Asp > GABA = Glu) demonstrate that D-fen, an indirect serotoninergic agonist, mainly increases 5-HT release while producing slight (Asp) or no (Glu, GABA) short-term in vivo variations in amino acid extracellular levels in the rat frontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rocher
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Dkhissi O, Chanut E, Versaux-Botteri C, Minvielle F, Trouvin JH, Nguyen-Legros J. Changes in retinal dopaminergic cells and dopamine rhythmic metabolism during the development of a glaucoma-like disorder in quails. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1996; 37:2335-44. [PMID: 8843918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the possible correlation between a dysfunction of the daily rhythm of retinal dopamine (DA) and the development of a glaucoma-like disorder in an animal model, the al mutant quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). METHODS The morphology and density of DA-containing cells labeled immunohistochemically with an anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) antibody were correlated with the diurnal and nocturnal contents of DA and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. RESULTS The number of TH-immunoreactive cells was lower than normal in mutant quails suffering from the disorder. There were considerably fewer cells in the central retina, and the DA metabolism was reduced in parallel. The nocturnal DA content was lower than the diurnal level in normal quails, but there was no such circadian fluctuation in mutant quails. CONCLUSIONS This glaucoma-like disorder in quails is correlated with the degeneration of DA-containing amacrine cells and a dysfunction of the circadian rhythmicity of DA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Dkhissi
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie Comparée, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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Shen S, Brémont B, Serraz I, Andrieux J, Poncet A, Mathé-Allainmat M, Chanut E, Trouvin JH, Langlois M. Structure-activity relationships for substrates and inhibitors of pineal 5-hydroxytryptamine-N-acetyltransferase: preliminary studies. Eur J Pharmacol 1996; 307:133-40. [PMID: 8832214 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(96)00228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Tryptamine, (1-naphthyl)ethylamine and phenethylamine derivatives were tested as substrates of ovine pineal serotonin-N-acetyl transferase (5-HT-NAT), a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of melatonin. Almost all of the indole derivatives possessed affinity similar to that of tryptamine (Km = 0.05 mM), while the substituted naphthalene and phenyl derivatives were less potent. However, the Km values seem be influenced by the steric hindrance and polar properties of the substituent. Vmax values for the naphthyl and phenyl derivatives were generally 10-20-fold higher than those of the indole derivatives and no clear structure-activity relationship was observed. Melatonin and several bioisosteric derivatives were shown to be inhibitors of 5-HT-N-acetyltransferase. Preliminary data suggested that over the 5-50-microM concentration range, melatonin was a competitive inhibitor (IC50 = 10 microM) with a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on its own synthesis in the pineal gland. However, the bioisosteric naphthalene derivatives were characterized instead as mixed inhibitors. (1-Napthyl)ethylacetamido, a putative melatoninergic antagonist, was also shown to be an inhibitor of 5-HT-N-acetyltransferase (IC50 = 8 microM) and is a promising tool for the regulation of melatonin synthesis and the understanding of its role.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shen
- BIOCIS-CNRS (URA 1843), Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Grosclaude JM, Nembo B, barreteau H, Elkihel L, Trouvin JH, Jacquot C, Gayral P, Goudey-Perrière F. Influence of Sample Recovery Techniques on Detection of Biogenic Amines in the Rat HookwormNippostrongylus Brasiliensis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079408013409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chanut E, Bonnet JJ, Trouvin JH, Plat M, Costentin J, Jacquot C. 6-Fluoro-serotonin as a substrate for the neuronal serotonin transporter. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 1994; 96:105-12. [PMID: 7857594 DOI: 10.1007/bf01277932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
6-Fluoro-serotonin (6F-5-HT) was previously identified in the rat brain after peripheral administration of 6-fluoro-DL-tryptophan, a serotonin (5-HT) synthesis inhibitor. These present studies, performed with rat brain synaptosomes show that: i-neuronal 6F-5-HT uptake partly involved the 5-HT transporter since it was inhibited by clomipramine, a 5-HT uptake inhibitor, ii-6F-5-HT blocked the synaptosomal uptake of 3H-5-HT, with an IC50 value of 98 +/- 13 nM, and iii- 6F-5-HT induced 3H-5-HT release from preloaded synaptosomes, with an EC50 value of 95 +/- 6 nM; this release was decreased in the presence of clomipramine, suggesting the involvement of the 5-HT transporter. This release was also reduced when using synaptosomes from reserpinized rats, suggesting that the vesicular pool also participates to the 3H-5-HT release induced by 6F-5-HT. So, 6F-5-HT behaved as a substrate for the 5-HT neuronal transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chanut
- Lab. Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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36
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Gardier AM, Lepoul E, Trouvin JH, Chanut E, Dessalles MC, Jacquot C. Changes in dopamine metabolism in rat forebrain regions after cessation of long-term fluoxetine treatment: relationship with brain concentrations of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine. Life Sci 1994; 54:PL51-6. [PMID: 8289580 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(94)00821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of repeated administration of the selective serotonin uptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine (Flx) (5, 10, or 15 mg/kg i.p., twice daily for 21 days) on brain and plasma concentrations of the parent drug and its active desmethyl metabolite, norfluoxetine (NFlx), in rats during the 21-day regimen as well as after cessation of drug treatment. We also measured dopamine (DA) levels in 2 midbrain regions (the striatum, St and nucleus accumbens, NAc) in rats killed 1-14 days after the last dose. NFlx concentrations in plasma and brain were ten times higher than those of Flx during the period of drug treatment. Although Flx accumulated more markedly in the rat brain than NFlx, it disappeared completely from plasma and brain after treatment stopped, while NFlx persisted up to Day P7. Chronic Flx treatment caused a persistent decrease in brain DA levels of -60% to -70% in St and NAc; this lasted for 7-14 days after cessation of treatment, depending on the dose used. The levels of DA metabolites decreased by 20-40%, and, except for 3-MT, tended to overshoot during the recovery period. Our data suggest that the long-term inhibition of DA neurons after cessation of Flx treatment parallels the inhibition previously observed for 5-HT neurons. Thus, besides blocking 5-HT uptake, Flx is likely to also inhibit in vivo DA uptake in forebrain regions, following prolonged administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Gardier
- Fac. Pharmacie, Lab. Pharmacol., JE DRED 1992-372, Chatenay-Malabry, France
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Trouvin
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Chatenay-Malabry, France
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Chanut E, Trouvin JH, Bondoux D, Gardier A, Launay JM, Jacquot C. Metabolism of 6-fluoro-DL-tryptophan and its specific effects on the rat brain serotoninergic pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 1993; 45:1049-57. [PMID: 7681671 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(93)90249-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We administered 6-fluoro-DL-tryptophan (6F-Trp) to rats (50-200 mg/kg i.p.) and evaluated its neurochemical effects on central catechole and indole compounds; we also determined the time course of its action, together with its metabolism and kinetics in four rat brain areas. Neither norepinephrine nor dopamine and its major metabolites were affected by 6F-Trp. With regard to serotonin (5-HT), 6F-Trp induced a transient depletion in all the brain areas studied, with a maximum of about 60-65% obtained between 1 and 3 hr depending on the dose administered. After 6 hr, 5-HT levels generally returned to control values. 5-Hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels were also reduced 3 hr after administration (-40 to -60%). A large dose-dependent increase in tryptophan (Trp) was observed in the four brain areas, possibly because of an inhibition of Trp incorporation into protein, as suggested by experiments with mouse neuroblastoma cells. The brain elimination half-life of 6F-Trp was estimated at 0.5-1 hr. Regarding 6F-Trp metabolism, three new compounds were detected in all four brain areas after 6F-Trp administration. They were identified by means of liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and/or radioenzymology, in comparison with fluorinated standards, or after NSD 1015 or pargyline coadministration with 6F-Trp. The first two 6F-Trp metabolites detected were probably 6-fluoro-5-hydroxytryptophan and 6-fluoro-5-HIAA. The third, identified and quantified by means of the two analytical methods, was 6-fluoro-5-HT (6F-5-HT). These findings suggest that 6F-Trp could be used as the in vivo precursor of 6F-5-HT with a view to tracing neuronal serotoninergic pools, as has already been done with platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chanut
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Trouvin JH, Gardier AM, Chanut E, Pages N, Jacquot C. Time course of brain serotonin metabolism after cessation of long-term fluoxetine treatment in the rat. Life Sci 1993; 52:PL187-92. [PMID: 7683363 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(93)90116-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The effects of repeated fluoxetine (Flx) administration (5, 10, or 15 mg/kg i.p., twice daily for 21 days) on serotonin and 5-HIAA metabolism were examined in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, pons medulla and cerebral cortex of rats killed 1-28 days after the last dose. Dose-dependent weight loss was observed during treatment, followed by gradual and complete recovery of body weight over the following two weeks. Chronic Flx treatment caused a dose-dependent decrease in brain 5-HT levels (by between 10 and 50% depending on the region examined), lasting for 3-7 days after cessation of treatment with the lowest and intermediate doses, and for 7-14 days after cessation of the highest dose. 5-HIAA levels decreased more markedly (-20; -60% depending on the region examined) than those of 5-HT, and tended to overshoot during the recovery period. The prolonged reduction in brain 5-HT levels after chronic Flx treatment was similar to that seen in rats given very high doses of dexfenfluramine (d-fen), a drug which both blocks 5-HT uptake and increases its release. These data suggest that brain 5-HT and 5-HIAA depletion may reflect similar dose-related expressions of the drug's mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Trouvin
- Fac. Pharmacie, Lab. Pharmacol, Catenay-Malabry, France
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Chanut E, Zini R, Trouvin JH, Riant P, Tillement JP, Jacquot C. Albumin binding and brain uptake of 6-fluoro-DL-tryptophan: competition with L-tryptophan. Biochem Pharmacol 1992; 44:2082-5. [PMID: 1449526 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(92)90112-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated potential competition between L-tryptophan (TRP) and 6-fluoro-DL-tryptophan (6-F-TRP) for binding to albumin and for passage through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In experiments based on equilibrium dialysis, albumin (600 microM) bound about 80% of TRP and 50% of 6-F-TRP with affinity constants (Ka) of 3.7 +/- 0.04 x 10(4) and 0.62 +/- 0.01 x 10(4) M-1, respectively. Competitive inhibition was assessed as the decrease in the apparent Ka (K' a) of TRP in the presence of 6-F-TRP, with no modification of the N value. Competition between TRP, 6-F-TRP and L-valine (VAL) for passage across the BBB was demonstrated using two approaches. When administered concomitantly with TRP or 6-F-TRP to rats, VAL decreased brain uptake of TRP and 6-F-TRP and reversed their action on serotonin. In Oldendorf's model, 6-F-TRP and VAL decreased the brain uptake of TRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chanut
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Duverne C, Bouten A, Deslandes A, Westphal JF, Trouvin JH, Farinotti R, Carbon C. Modification of cefixime bioavailability by nifedipine in humans: involvement of the dipeptide carrier system. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992; 36:2462-7. [PMID: 1489189 PMCID: PMC284354 DOI: 10.1128/aac.36.11.2462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the action of nifedipine on the bioavailability of cefixime, a molecule absorbed via the gut wall dipeptide carrier system in the rat, and on the bioavailability of D-xylose, which is absorbed via a pH (and Na(+)-)-dependent transporter. Each compound was administered alone or in combination with 20 mg of nifedipine to eight healthy male volunteers. Nifedipine significantly increased the absorption rate of cefixime (20.7 +/- 4.3 versus 16 +/- 3.5 mg/h in the absence of nifedipine). The absolute bioavailability of cefixime alone was 31% +/- 6% compared with 53% +/- 1% (P < 0.01) in the presence of nifedipine. The observed peak concentrations in serum were significantly different (2.5 +/- 0.3 mg/liter without nifedipine and 3.7 +/- 1.1 mg/liter with nifedipine; P < 0.02). In contrast, nifedipine induced no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic profile of xylose following oral administration. We conclude that (i) cefixime is absorbed in humans by an apparently active process which can be enhanced by a calcium channel blocker, in this case, nifedipine; and (ii) nifedipine does not modify the activity of the pentose transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Duverne
- Département de Pharmacie Clinique et des Biomatériaux, Hospital Bichat, Paris, France
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Deslandes A, Westphal JF, Trouvin JH, Farinotti R. Adaptive computer program for determination of absorption profiles by numerical deconvolution: application to amoxicillin absorption. J Pharm Sci 1992; 81:802-7. [PMID: 1403727 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600810816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a specific numerical deconvolution program for the Apple Macintosh microcomputer. After comparison with other methods, we used the program to evaluate the influence of nifedipine on the absorption and bioavailability of amoxicillin. The technique provided a model-independent approach. This study shows that the simultaneous administration of nifedipine with amoxicillin leads to a significant increase in both the total quantity of amoxicillin absorbed (+22%) and the rate of absorption. Parameters of clearance, volume of distribution, and elimination were unaffected. Numerical deconvolution analysis showed that nifedipine did not modify the absorption kinetics of amoxicillin, which are characterized by a lag time followed by a constant rate of absorption, suggesting zero-order kinetics with first-order kinetics at the end of the process. The results suggest the existence of a specialized, saturable transport molecule for this antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Deslandes
- Service de Pharmacie Clinique et des Biomatériaux, C.H.U. Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
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Pouillart P, Ronco G, Cerutti I, Trouvin JH, Pieri F, Villa P. Pharmacokinetic studies of N-butyric acid mono- and polyesters derived from monosaccharides. J Pharm Sci 1992; 81:241-4. [PMID: 1640361 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600810311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of seven butyric esters derived from monosaccharides were studied after iv administration of a bolus dose to rabbits. Results obtained showed that a constant plasma level of butyric acid is maintained due to the slow disappearance of butyric acid esters from the plasma in contrast to the case of salts, such as arginine butyrate, which are rapidly cleared. The maintenance of these covalent compounds in the body can increase concentrations of n-butyric acid in the tumor area for more efficient chemotherapy. These results seem to be directly related to the in vitro anticellular activity of butyric esters and the prolonged therapeutic protection in tumor-bearing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pouillart
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Cinétique, U.F.R. des Sciences, Université de Picardie, Amiens, France
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44
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Veroli P, O'Kelly B, Bertrand F, Trouvin JH, Farinotti R, Ecoffey C. Extrahepatic metabolism of propofol in man during the anhepatic phase of orthotopic liver transplantation. Br J Anaesth 1992; 68:183-6. [PMID: 1540462 DOI: 10.1093/bja/68.2.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated extrahepatic metabolism of propofol in 10 patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (group 1) (mean age 38 yr, mean weight 60 (SD 7) kg) and compared it with that in 10 patients without liver dysfunction undergoing extrahepatic abdominal surgery (group 2) (mean age 56 yr, mean weight 68 (11) kg). A single i.v. bolus dose of propofol 0.5 mg kg-1 was injected into a peripheral vein 5 min after the beginning of the anhepatic phase in group 1 and 60 min after the induction of anaesthesia in group 2. Arterial blood samples were obtained at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min after injection and urine samples were collected every 15 min. Propofol concentrations in whole blood and urine were measured by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Propofol glucuronide was measured in urine by incubation with a specific beta-glucuronidase. The area under the time-blood concentration curve from 0 to 60 min was found to be significantly greater in group 1 (13743 (2830) micrograms litre-1 h-1) than in group 2 (7992 (4895) micrograms litre-1 h-1) (P less than 0.05). Unchanged propofol was not detected in the urine of either group. No significant difference was found in the amount of propofol glucuronide excreted by patients in group 1 (457 (269) micrograms) and in group 2 (921 (672) micrograms). The presence of a propofol metabolite in urine when the liver was excluded from the circulation suggests that extrahepatic metabolism occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Veroli
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
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45
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Abstract
The time course of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), serotonin (5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) concentrations in four rat brain areas (hypothalamus, hippocampus, striatum and olfactory bulbs) were investigated after treatment with L-dopa (125 mg/kg, ip) + benserazide (50 mg/kg, ip). 5-HTP levels increased as early as 0.5 h, showed maximum accumulation at 1.5 h and returned to control levels within 4 h, while 5-HT was markedly decreased in all four structures, with a maximum effect at 1.5 h (approximately -70%) in the four areas. The decrease in 5-HT was not accompanied by changes in 5-HIAA levels. In agreement with previous studies, these data demonstrate that L-dopa loading interferes with serotonin metabolism in the rat brain. However, in addition to the releasing action of newly-synthesized dopamine, the accumulation of 5-HTP and the parallel decrease in 5-HT indicate a reduction in 5-HT synthesis. This inhibition could be explained by a competitive effect of L-dopa for aromatic aminoacid decarboxylase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Trouvin
- UA CNRS 594, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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46
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Damaj MI, Urien S, Trouvin JH, Chanut E, Lambrey B, Jacquot C. In vivo evidence for carrier-mediated brain uptake of a new 2-amino-2-oxazoline (COR3224) via the purine transport system in rat. Brain Res 1991; 554:333-5. [PMID: 1933316 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(91)90212-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the brain uptake of a new 2-amino-2-oxazolamines derivative (COR3224) in the rat by means of the rapid intracarotid injection technique described by Oldendorf. The brain uptake index (BUI) of labelled COR3224 decreased progressively from 10% to 5% when concentrations of unlabelled compound were increased. The effect of various compounds indicated that COR3224 is transported into the brain by the purine carrier. The affinity of COR3224 for this carrier (Km = 5.68 microM) was higher than that of adenine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Damaj
- Laboratoire Pharmacologie et de Pharmacocinétique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Chatenay-Malabry, France
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47
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Marquer C, Trouvin JH, Lacolle JY, Dupont C, Jacquot C. Pharmacokinetics of a prodrug thymoxamine: dose-dependence of the metabolite ratio in healthy subjects. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 1991; 16:183-8. [PMID: 1839981 DOI: 10.1007/bf03189957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Thymoxamine, a prodrug, is rapidly deacetylated in the plasma to give two phase I metabolites, DMAT and DAT, which are further sulpho- and glucuro-conjugated and then excreted mainly in the urine. In a cross-over study, the dose-dependence of the metabolite ratio was evaluated in nine healthy volunteers after three doses (120, 240, 480 mg) of thymoxamine-HCl. Regardless of the dose, DMAT and its glucuronide were not detected, while the amount of DMAT-sulphate was found to be proportional to the dose administered. Plasma levels of DAT were measurable in only four of the nine subjects after the 480 mg dose and showed great intersubject variability. The pharmacokinetics of both DAT-sulphate and DAT-glucuronide were dose-dependent. As the dose increased, the proportion of DAT undergoing sulphatation decreased; this saturation was compensated by glucuronidation.
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48
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Damaj MI, Trouvin JH, Lambrey B, Jacquot C. Determination of a new 2-amino-2-oxazoline (COR 3224) in plasma and brain tissue of the rat by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr 1991; 563:476-9. [PMID: 2056013 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(91)80059-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A reversed-phase (CN as stationary phase) liquid chromatographic method with electrochemical detection is described for the quantitation of COR 3224, a new 2-amino-2-oxazoline in plasma and brain tissue of the rat. Extraction was performed with dichloromethane and detection was achieved at a working electrode potential of +0.85 V versus an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The recovery of the method is about 80 and 60% for plasma and brain, respectively. The limit of detection was less than 10 ng/ml for both plasma and brain, five times lower than that with ultraviolet detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Damaj
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et de Pharmacocinétique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Chatenay-Malabry, France
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49
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Barreteau H, Perrière C, Brousse-Gaury P, Trouvin JH, Binet P, Gayral P, Jacquot C, Goudey-Perrière F. Biogenic amines in newly-ecdysed cockroaches. Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol Toxicol 1991; 98:399-405. [PMID: 1712692 DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(91)90224-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
1. Simultaneous quantification (HPLC and electrochemical detection) of biological extracts have shown dopamine, N-acetyl dopamine, tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptamine, a 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid-like substance in nervous tissue and hemolymph of Blaberus craniifer and Periplaneta americana. 2. 5-Hydroxytryptophan was only detected in head and thoraco-abdominal nerve cord. 3. Octopamine, but not N-acetyl-5-HT was quantified in the hemolymph.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Barreteau
- Laboratoires de Pharmacodynamie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris-Sud, France
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50
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Barreteau H, Trouvin JH, Goudey-Perrière F, Jacquot C, Gayral P. Biogenic amines and GABA in the larval and adult forms of the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol Toxicol 1991; 100:445-9. [PMID: 1687540 DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(91)90022-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
1. Simultaneous detection (HPLC and electrochemical detection) of biological extracts of larval and adult stages of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis was performed in order to assay biogenic amines. 2. Gamma-amino-butyric acid was assayed in the same samples. 3. Tryptophan, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were at the same level in adults and larvae. 4. 5-Hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, dihydroxyphenylalanine and dopamine were significantly higher in larvae in which gamma-amino-butyric acid was not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Barreteau
- Laboratorie de Pharmacodynamie, Université de Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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