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Stine JM, Ruland KL, Beardslee LA, Levy JA, Abianeh H, Botasini S, Pasricha PJ, Ghodssi R. Miniaturized Capsule System Toward Real-Time Electrochemical Detection of H 2 S in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302897. [PMID: 38035728 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is a gaseous inflammatory mediator and important signaling molecule for maintaining gastrointestinal (GI) homeostasis. Excess intraluminal H2 S in the GI tract has been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease and neurodegenerative disorders; however, the role of H2 S in disease pathogenesis and progression is unclear. Herein, an electrochemical gas-sensing ingestible capsule is developed to enable real-time, wireless amperometric measurement of H2 S in GI conditions. A gold (Au) three-electrode sensor is modified with a Nafion solid-polymer electrolyte (Nafion-Au) to enhance selectivity toward H2 S in humid environments. The Nafion-Au sensor-integrated capsule shows a linear current response in H2 S concentration ranging from 0.21 to 4.5 ppm (R2 = 0.954) with a normalized sensitivity of 12.4% ppm-1 when evaluated in a benchtop setting. The sensor proves highly selective toward H2 S in the presence of known interferent gases, such as hydrogen (H2 ), with a selectivity ratio of H2 S:H2 = 1340, as well as toward methane (CH4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO2 ). The packaged capsule demonstrates reliable wireless communication through abdominal tissue analogues, comparable to GI dielectric properties. Also, an assessment of sensor drift and threshold-based notification is investigated, showing potential for in vivo application. Thus, the developed H2 S capsule platform provides an analytical tool to uncover the complex biology-modulating effects of intraluminal H2 S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Stine
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Katie L Ruland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Luke A Beardslee
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Joshua A Levy
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Hossein Abianeh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Santiago Botasini
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Pankaj J Pasricha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Reza Ghodssi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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Thwaites PA, Yao CK, Halmos EP, Muir JG, Burgell RE, Berean KJ, Kalantar‐zadeh K, Gibson PR. Review article: Current status and future directions of ingestible electronic devices in gastroenterology. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 59:459-474. [PMID: 38168738 PMCID: PMC10952964 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in microelectronics have greatly expanded the capabilities and clinical potential of ingestible electronic devices. AIM To provide an overview of the structure and potential impact of ingestible devices in development that are relevant to the gastrointestinal tract. METHODS We performed a detailed literature search to inform this narrative review. RESULTS Technical success of ingestible electronic devices relies on the ability to miniaturise the microelectronic circuits, sensors and components for interventional functions while being sufficiently powered to fulfil the intended function. These devices offer the advantages of being convenient and minimally invasive, with real-time assessment often possible and with minimal interference to normal physiology. Safety has not been a limitation, but defining and controlling device location in the gastrointestinal tract remains challenging. The success of capsule endoscopy has buoyed enthusiasm for the concepts, but few ingestible devices have reached clinical practice to date, partly due to the novelty of the information they provide and also due to the challenges of adding this novel technology to established clinical paradigms. Nonetheless, with ongoing technological advancement and as understanding of their potential impact emerges, acceptance of such technology will grow. These devices have the capacity to provide unique insight into gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. Interventional functions, such as sampling of tissue or luminal contents and delivery of therapies, may further enhance their ability to sharpen gastroenterological diagnoses, monitoring and treatment. CONCLUSIONS The development of miniaturised ingestible microelectronic-based devices offers exciting prospects for enhancing gastroenterological research and the delivery of personalised, point-of-care medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe A. Thwaites
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash University and Alfred HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Chu K. Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash University and Alfred HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Emma P. Halmos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash University and Alfred HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jane G. Muir
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash University and Alfred HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Rebecca E. Burgell
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash University and Alfred HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kyle J. Berean
- Atmo BiosciencesMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- School of Engineering, RMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kourosh Kalantar‐zadeh
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Peter R. Gibson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash University and Alfred HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Vasquez S, Angeli MAC, Polo A, Costantini A, Petrelli M, Avancini E, Di Cagno R, Gobbetti M, Gaiardo A, Valt M, Lugli P, Petti L. In vitro gastrointestinal gas monitoring with carbon nanotube sensors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:825. [PMID: 38191903 PMCID: PMC10774382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In vitro simulators of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract are remarkable technological platforms for studying the impact of food on the gut microbiota, enabling continuous and real-time monitoring of key biomarkers. However, comprehensive real-time monitoring of gaseous biomarkers in these systems is required with a cost-effective approach, which has been challenging to perform experimentally to date. In this work, we demonstrate the integration and in-line use of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based chemiresitive gas sensors coated with a thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane for the continuous monitoring of gases within the Simulator of the Human Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME). The findings demonstrate the ability of the gas sensor to continuously monitor the different phases of gas production in this harsh, anaerobic, highly humid, and acidic environment for a long exposure time (16 h) without saturation. This establishes our sensor platform as an effective tool for real-time monitoring of gaseous biomarkers in in vitro systems like SHIME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahira Vasquez
- Sensing Technologies Laboratory (STL), Faculty of Engineering, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Martina Aurora Costa Angeli
- Sensing Technologies Laboratory (STL), Faculty of Engineering, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Andrea Polo
- Micro4Food Lab, Faculty of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alice Costantini
- Micro4Food Lab, Faculty of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Mattia Petrelli
- Sensing Technologies Laboratory (STL), Faculty of Engineering, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Enrico Avancini
- Sensing Technologies Laboratory (STL), Faculty of Engineering, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Micro4Food Lab, Faculty of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Micro4Food Lab, Faculty of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Andrea Gaiardo
- Micro Nano Facility, Bruno Kessler Foundation, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Matteo Valt
- Micro Nano Facility, Bruno Kessler Foundation, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Paolo Lugli
- Sensing Technologies Laboratory (STL), Faculty of Engineering, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Luisa Petti
- Sensing Technologies Laboratory (STL), Faculty of Engineering, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
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Zhang X, Ma Q, Jia L, He H, Zhang T, Jia W, Zhu L, Qi W, Wang N. Effects of in vitro fermentation of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. polysaccharide on fecal microbiota and metabolites in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126860. [PMID: 37716665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. polysaccharide (AKP) has been shown to have hypoglycemic activity. In this study, the effects of AKP on fecal microbiota and metabolites in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were investigated using an in vitro simulated digestive fermentation model. AKP were isolated and purified from Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. Its main component AKP1 (AKP-0 M, about 78 % of AKP) has an average molecular weight of 3.25 kDa with monosaccharide composition of rhamnose, arabinose, and galactosamine in a molar ratio of 1: 1.25: 2.88. Notably, AKP fermentation might improve the intestinal microbiota of T2DM patients by the enrichment of some specific bacteria rather than the increase of microbial diversity. The addition of AKP specifically enriched Bifidobacteriaceae and weakened the proportion of Escherichia-Shigella. Moreover, AKP also increased the levels of short-chain fatty acids without affecting total gut gas production, suggesting that AKP could have beneficial effects while avoiding flatulence. Metabolomic analysis revealed that ARP fermentation caused changes in some metabolites, which were mainly related to energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Importantly, ARP fermentation significantly increased the level of myo-inositol, an insulin sensitizer. In addition, a significant correlation was observed between specific microbiota and differential metabolites. This study has laid a theoretical foundation for AKP application in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qian Ma
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lina Jia
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hongpeng He
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tongcun Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Weiguo Jia
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liying Zhu
- Institute of Food Science Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Wei Qi
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Rehan M, Al-Bahadly I, Thomas DG, Young W, Cheng LK, Avci E. Smart capsules for sensing and sampling the gut: status, challenges and prospects. Gut 2023; 73:186-202. [PMID: 37734912 PMCID: PMC10715516 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Smart capsules are developing at a tremendous pace with a promise to become effective clinical tools for the diagnosis and monitoring of gut health. This field emerged in the early 2000s with a successful translation of an endoscopic capsule from laboratory prototype to a commercially viable clinical device. Recently, this field has accelerated and expanded into various domains beyond imaging, including the measurement of gut physiological parameters such as temperature, pH, pressure and gas sensing, and the development of sampling devices for better insight into gut health. In this review, the status of smart capsules for sensing gut parameters is presented to provide a broad picture of these state-of-the-art devices while focusing on the technical and clinical challenges the devices need to overcome to realise their value in clinical settings. Smart capsules are developed to perform sensing operations throughout the length of the gut to better understand the body's response under various conditions. Furthermore, the prospects of such sensing devices are discussed that might help readers, especially health practitioners, to adapt to this inevitable transformation in healthcare. As a compliment to gut sensing smart capsules, significant amount of effort has been put into the development of robotic capsules to collect tissue biopsy and gut microbiota samples to perform in-depth analysis after capsule retrieval which will be a game changer for gut health diagnosis, and this advancement is also covered in this review. The expansion of smart capsules to robotic capsules for gut microbiota collection has opened new avenues for research with a great promise to revolutionise human health diagnosis, monitoring and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rehan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim Al-Bahadly
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David G Thomas
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Leo K Cheng
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ebubekir Avci
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand
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6
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Villeda-Hernandez M, Baker BC, Romero C, Rossiter JM, Dicker MPM, Faul CFJ. Chemically Driven Oscillating Soft Pneumatic Actuation. Soft Robot 2023; 10:1159-1170. [PMID: 37384917 DOI: 10.1089/soro.2022.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumatic actuators are widely studied in soft robotics as they are facile, low cost, scalable, and robust and exhibit compliance similar to many systems found in nature. The challenge is to harness high energy density chemical and biochemical reactions that can generate sufficient pneumatic pressure to actuate soft systems in a controlled and ecologically compatible manner. This investigation evaluates the potential of chemical reactions as both positive and negative pressure sources for use in soft robotic pneumatic actuators. Considering the pneumatic actuation demands, the chemical mechanisms of the pressure sources, and the safety of the system, several gas evolution/consumption reactions are evaluated and compared. Furthermore, the novel coupling of both gas evolution and gas consumption reactions is discussed and evaluated for the design of oscillating systems, driven by the complementary evolution and consumption of carbon dioxide. Control over the speed of gas generation and consumption is achieved by adjusting the initial ratios of feed materials. Coupling the appropriate reactions with pneumatic soft-matter actuators has delivered autonomous cyclic actuation. The reversibility of these systems is demonstrated in a range of displacement experiments, and practical application is shown through a soft gripper that can move, pick up, and let go of objects. Our approach presents a significant step toward more autonomous, versatile soft robots driven by chemo-pneumatic actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Villeda-Hernandez
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Civil, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Centre of Functional Nanomaterials, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin C Baker
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Romero
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M Rossiter
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P M Dicker
- School of Civil, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Charl F J Faul
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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7
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Ke Z, Hang W, Yunsheng L, Wenrui Z, PengDang Z, Ruiyu Z. Ultrahigh-acetone-sensitivity sensor based on Pt-loaded TiO 2porous nanoparticles synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 35:045502. [PMID: 37871595 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
A simple hydrothermal method based on an orthogonal experimental design was used to synthesis Pt-loaded TiO2mesoporous nanoparticles in one step. The successful synthesis of Pt-loaded TiO2nanoparticles was demonstrated by various characterization methods. The effects of the modification of Pt and its explanation are described in detail by means of the test results. Through systematic gas-sensing tests, we found that the Pt-loaded TiO2nanoparticles outperform pure TiO2nanoparticles, with a high response value (S= 42.5) to 200 ppm acetone at 260 °C and with a film thickness of 0.45 mm, far superior to that of pure TiO2. The response time (8 s) and recovery time (11 s) of the material are also relatively good with excellent selectivity and long-term stability (30 days). The frequent use of acetone as an organic solution in factories and laboratories, as well as the possibility of making a preliminary diagnosis of diabetes by detecting acetone levels in exhaled gas, make this work promising for environmental monitoring and medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Ke
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yunsheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Wenrui
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu PengDang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Ruiyu
- School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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8
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Zhang J, Li X, Zhao K, Li H, Liu J, Da S, Ciren D, Tang H. In vitro digestion and fermentation combined with microbiomics and metabolomics reveal the mechanism of superfine yak bone powder regulating lipid metabolism by altering human gut microbiota. Food Chem 2023; 410:135441. [PMID: 36652799 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of superfine yak bone powder (YBP) on human gut microbiota (HGM) were investigated by in vitro digestion and fermentation combined with microbiomics and metabolomics. Results showed that size reduction and protein structural degradation during digestion allowed superfine YBP to release more Ca2+ than CaCO3 powders with similar particle size. Moreover, the indigestible YBP further influenced HGM and was associated with increased occurrence of beneficial bacteria such as Megasphaera spp., Megamonas spp., Acidaminococcus spp., and Prevotella spp. The altered HGM was associated with greater production of short-chain fatty acids with 4-6 carbon atoms. Furthermore, the indigestible YBP was associated with up-regulation of many lipid-related metabolites, including taurine, secondary bile acids, saturated long-chain fatty acids, and ω-3/ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which modulated favorably lipid metabolic pathways. These findings implied the potential activity of superfine YBP as a food fortifier in favorably altering HGM community structure and regulating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqiong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, PR China
| | - Ke Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, PR China
| | - Jingnan Liu
- School of Life Science & Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524048, PR China
| | - Se Da
- Gonyal Animal Husbandry Technology and Industry Co Naqu, Tibet 852014, PR China
| | - Dajie Ciren
- Gonyal Animal Husbandry Technology and Industry Co Naqu, Tibet 852014, PR China
| | - Honggang Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, PR China.
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9
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Feng J, Wang J, Bu T, Ge Z, Yang K, Sun P, Wu L, Cai M. Structural, in vitro digestion, and fermentation characteristics of lotus leaf flavonoids. Food Chem 2023; 406:135007. [PMID: 36473390 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bioaccessibility and bioactivity of flavonoids in lotus leaves are related to their characteristics in gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation. The aim of this study is to investigate the stability of lotus leaf flavonoids (LLF) in simulated gastrointestinal digestion, and its modulation on gut microbiota in vitro fermentation. Results showed that LLF mainly consisted of quercetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside. These flavonoids kept stability with only a small fraction degraded in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. In vitro fermentation, LLF stimulated the growth of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, inhibited the growth of Proteobacteria, and induced the production of fermentation gases and short-chain fatty acids. Interestingly, supplementation of soluble starch significantly improved the utilization of LLF by the intestinal flora. These results revealed that LLF shaped a unique biological web with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. as the core of the biological network, which would be more beneficial to gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicai Feng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Bu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Ge
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilong Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Liehong Wu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Tansel A, Levinthal DJ. Understanding Our Tests: Hydrogen-Methane Breath Testing to Diagnose Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2023; 14:e00567. [PMID: 36744854 PMCID: PMC10132719 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing appreciation that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) drives many common gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea, bloating, and abdominal pain. Breath testing via measurement of exhaled hydrogen and methane gases following ingestion of a readily metabolized carbohydrate has become an important noninvasive testing paradigm to help diagnose SIBO. However, because of a number of physiological and technical considerations, how and when to use breath testing in the diagnosis of SIBO remains a nuanced clinical decision. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of breath testing paradigms including the indications for testing, how to administer the test, and how patient factors influence breath testing results. We also explore the performance characteristics of breath testing (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio). Additionally, we describe complementary and alternative tests for diagnosing SIBO. We discuss applications of breath testing for research. Current estimates of SIBO prevalence among commonly encountered high-risk populations are reviewed to provide pretest probability estimates under a variety of clinical situations. Finally, we discuss how to integrate breath test performance characteristics into clinical care decisions using clinical predictors and the Fagan nomogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Tansel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - David J. Levinthal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA
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11
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Xia Q, Zhao Q, Zhu H, Cao Y, Yang K, Sun P, Cai M. Physicochemical characteristics of Ganoderma lucidum oligosaccharide and its regulatory effect on intestinal flora in vitro fermentation. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100421. [PMID: 36211736 PMCID: PMC9532794 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
G. lucidum oligosaccharide was obtained by ultrasonic enzymatic hydrolysis and Sephadex G25. GLO was a chain-like homogeneous oligosaccharide with a molecular weight of 1280 Da. GLO could not be easily degraded by digestion in the mouth, gastric and small intestine. GLO could be utilized and had good regulatory effects on intestinal flora.
This study explored the structure characteristics of an oligosaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum (GLO) and its regulatory functions on intestinal flora fermentation in vitro. GLO was extracted by ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis, and purified with a dextran gel column. Digestion properties and intestinal flora regulation effects of GLO were investigated by both simulation models. Results showed that GLO was a chain-like homogeneous oligosaccharide, composed of → 6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, β-d-Glcp-(1→, α-d-Manp-(1 →. Its structure could not be easily degraded by digestion in the mouth, gastric and small intestine. Accordingly, they can be utilized by the intestinal flora in large intestine. By evaluating the gas, short chain fatty acids, pH and flora abundance in vitro fermentation, it indicated that GLO had good regulatory effects on intestinal flora. Accordingly, GLO might be a potential prebiotic applied in functional foods.
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12
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Cao Y, Tian B, Zhang Z, Yang K, Cai M, Hu W, Guo Y, Xia Q, Wu W. Positive effects of dietary fiber from sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] peels by different extraction methods on human fecal microbiota in vitro fermentation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:986667. [PMID: 36159459 PMCID: PMC9490365 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.986667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of sweet potato peels dietary fiber obtained by different extraction methods on intestinal health. Specifically, four different dietary fibers were extracted by hot water, microwave, ultrasonic and subcritical water methods. And the prebiotics effects of sweet potato peels dietary fibers were explored in an in vitro fermentation model, by determining intestinal gas content, short-chain fatty acid content, pH, ammonia content and the gut microbiota composition. The results showed that dietary fiber obtained by four different extraction methods could be utilized by GM and improve human health by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, and Prevotella) and reducing the abundance of harmful bacteria (e.g., Proteobacteria, Romboutsia and Dorea), enhancing the relative abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids, reducing intestinal pH from 6.89 to 4.63 and ammonia. Among them, dietary fiber extracted by ultrasound is better than the other three extraction methods. This study suggests that all the four different extraction methods are available for sweet potato peels dietary fiber, and the extracted dietary fiber could be served as potential functional foods with great development value. In addition, it is beneficial to reduce the environmental pollution of sweet potato peels and improve the high-value processing and utilization of sweet potato by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baoming Tian
- Food Natural Product and Nutritional Health Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Food Natural Product and Nutritional Health Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Ming Cai
- Food Natural Product and Nutritional Health Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qile Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qile Xia
| | - Weicheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Weicheng Wu
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13
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Soluble fibre concentration effects during in vitro fermentation: Higher concentration leads to increased butyrate proportion. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Xu S, Lane JA, Chen J, Zheng Y, Wang H, Fu X, Huang Q, Dhital S, Liu F, Zhang B. In Vitro Infant Fecal Fermentation Characteristics of Human Milk Oligosaccharides Were Controlled by Initial Microbiota Composition More than Chemical Structure. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200098. [PMID: 35989465 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), multifunctional glycans naturally present in human milk, are known to contribute to the infant's microbiota and immune system development. However, the molecular specificity of HMOs on microbiota and associated fermentation is not yet fully understood, and is important for the development of infant formula optimum functionality. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro fermentation is carried out on structurally different HMOs with infant fecal inocula dominated by Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bacteroides. The gas, metabolite (SCFA, lactate, and succinate) profiles, and microbiota responses differ between individual microbiota inocula patterns regardless of HMO structure. In terms of HMO pairs with same sugar composition but different glycosidic bonds, gas and metabolite profiles are similar with the B. longum- and B. breve-dominated inocula. However, large individual variations are observed with the Bacteroides-dominated inocula. The microbial communities at the end of fermentation are closely related to the initial microbiota composition. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate that short-term in vitro fermentation outcomes largely depend on the initial gut microbiota composition more than the impact of HMO molecular specificity. These results advance the current understanding for the design of personalized infant nutritional solutions and therapies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jonathan A Lane
- H&H Group, H&H Research, Global Research and Technology Centre, P61 K202 Co, Cork, Ireland
| | - Juchun Chen
- H&H Group, H&H Research, China Research and Innovation Center, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Yuxing Zheng
- H&H Group, H&H Research, China Research and Innovation Center, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- H&H Group, H&H Research, China Research and Innovation Center, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Xiong Fu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,Sino-Singapore International Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510555, China
| | - Sushil Dhital
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Feitong Liu
- H&H Group, H&H Research, China Research and Innovation Center, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,Sino-Singapore International Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510555, China
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15
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State of the Art in Smart Portable, Wearable, Ingestible and Implantable Devices for Health Status Monitoring and Disease Management. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22114228. [PMID: 35684847 PMCID: PMC9185336 DOI: 10.3390/s22114228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Several illnesses that are chronic and acute are becoming more relevant as the world's aging population expands, and the medical sector is transforming rapidly, as a consequence of which the need for "point-of-care" (POC), identification/detection, and real time management of health issues that have been required for a long time are increasing. Biomarkers are biological markers that help to detect status of health or disease. Biosensors' applications are for screening for early detection, chronic disease treatment, health management, and well-being surveillance. Smart devices that allow continual monitoring of vital biomarkers for physiological health monitoring, medical diagnosis, and assessment are becoming increasingly widespread in a variety of applications, ranging from biomedical to healthcare systems of surveillance and monitoring. The term "smart" is used due to the ability of these devices to extract data with intelligence and in real time. Wearable, implantable, ingestible, and portable devices can all be considered smart devices; this is due to their ability of smart interpretation of data, through their smart sensors or biosensors and indicators. Wearable and portable devices have progressed more and more in the shape of various accessories, integrated clothes, and body attachments and inserts. Moreover, implantable and ingestible devices allow for the medical diagnosis and treatment of patients using tiny sensors and biomedical gadgets or devices have become available, thus increasing the quality and efficacy of medical treatments by a significant margin. This article summarizes the state of the art in portable, wearable, ingestible, and implantable devices for health status monitoring and disease management and their possible applications. It also identifies some new technologies that have the potential to contribute to the development of personalized care. Further, these devices are non-invasive in nature, providing information with accuracy and in given time, thus making these devices important for the future use of humanity.
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16
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Han D, Han X, Liu L, Li D, Liu Y, Liu Z, Liu D, Chen Y, Zhuo K, Sang S. Sub-ppb-Level Detection of Nitrogen Dioxide Based on High-Quality Black Phosphorus. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:13942-13951. [PMID: 35275490 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of gas sensors based on two-dimensional (2D) layered materials has received lots of focus attributing to their excellent gas sensitivity. Here, a black phosphorus (BP) gas sensor device is fabricated based on high-quality few-layered BP microribbons using a facile route. Although BP is well known to oxidize in ambient conditions, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping manifests that the few-layered BP microribbons undergo slight oxidation and contamination during the grinding process. It is interesting that the surface and side of BP microribbons have nanoscale thin films and step-like nanoscale thin films, respectively, owing to the in-plane slip of the few-layered BP microribbons in the process of grinding, which are different from the conventional BP bulk crystals. The layered BP microribbon gas sensor demonstrated a high response to low-concentration NO2 and a very low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.4 ppb of NO2 under N2 and air conditions, which is the lowest LOD for NO2 detection reported so far. The mechanisms for excellently sensitive detection of NO2 for the BP microribbons have been investigated by first-principles calculations combined with experiment results, revealing that the sensitization mechanisms of the BP microribbon sensor are abundant nanoscale thin films, an optimum bandgap range with optimal carrier concentration, a hierarchical homojunction structure, and strong adsorption energy to NO2. In addition, the BP microribbon sensor demonstrated high selectivity to NO2, a low LOD under a high relative humidity, and good repeatability. The reported results of the BP sensor may provide great promise for improving the performance of other 2D material-based gas sensors and may expand sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Han
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiaomei Han
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Donghui Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Dongming Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Kai Zhuo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Shengbo Sang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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17
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Quantitative GC-TCD Measurements of Major Flatus Components: A Preliminary Analysis of the Diet Effect. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22030838. [PMID: 35161583 PMCID: PMC8840200 DOI: 10.3390/s22030838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The impact of diet and digestive disorders in flatus composition remains largely unexplored. This is partially due to the lack of standardized sampling collection methods, and the easy atmospheric contamination. This paper describes a method to quantitatively determine the major gases in flatus and their application in a nutritional intervention. We describe how to direct sample flatus into Tedlar bags, and simultaneous analysis by gas chromatography–thermal conductivity detection (GC–TCD). Results are analyzed by univariate hypothesis testing and by multilevel principal component analysis. The reported methodology allows simultaneous determination of the five major gases with root mean measurement errors of 0.8% for oxygen (O2), 0.9% for nitrogen (N2), 0.14% for carbon dioxide (CO2), 0.11% for methane (CH4), and 0.26% for hydrogen (H2). The atmospheric contamination was limited to 0.86 (95% CI: [0.7–1.0])% for oxygen and 3.4 (95% CI: [1.4–5.3])% for nitrogen. As an illustration, the method has been successfully applied to measure the response to a nutritional intervention in a reduced crossover study in healthy subjects.
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18
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Huang HW, de Gruijl D, Fritz P, Kemkar A, Ballinger I, Selsing G, Chai PR, Traverso G. Encapsulation of Gas Sensors to Operate in the Gastrointestinal Tract for Continuous Monitoring. PROCEEDINGS OF IEEE SENSORS. IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SENSORS 2022; 2022:10.1109/sensors52175.2022.9967279. [PMID: 36570066 PMCID: PMC9783471 DOI: 10.1109/sensors52175.2022.9967279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in ingestible sensors have enabled in situ detection of gastrointestinal (GI) biomarkers which shows great potential in shifting the paradigm of diagnosing GI and systemic diseases. However, the humid, acidic gastric environment is extremely harsh to electrically powered sensors, which limits their capacity for long term, continuous monitoring. Here, we propose an encapsulation approach for a gas sensor integrated into a nasogastric (NG) tube that overcomes chemical corrosion, electrical short, and mechanical collision in a gastric environment to enable continuous gaseous biomarkers monitoring. The coating effects on the sensitivity, signal latency, and repeatability are investigated. Our long-term continuous monitoring in vitro results show that the proposed coating method enables the gas sensors to function reliably and consistently in the simulated GI environment for more than 1 week. The encapsulation is composed of Polycaprolactone (PCL) to protect against mechanical scratching and Parylene C to prevent a sensor from chemical corrosion and electrical short. The average life-time of the sensor with 10 micrometers Parylene coating is about 3.6 days. Increasing the coating thickness to 20 micrometers results in 10.0 days. In terms of repeatability, 10 micrometers and 20 micrometers Parylene C coated sensors have a standard deviation of 1.30% and 2.10% for its within sensor response, and 5.19% and 3.06% between sensors respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hen-Wei Huang
- Dept. of Medicine., Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - David de Gruijl
- Dept. of Medicine., Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Philip Fritz
- Dept. of Medicine., Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Abhijay Kemkar
- Dept. of Medicine., Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Ian Ballinger
- Dept. of Medicine., Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - George Selsing
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Peter Ray Chai
- Dept. of Emergency Medicine., Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Dept. of Medicine., Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States,Dept. of Mechanical Engineering., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
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19
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Steiger C, Phan NV, Huang H, Sun H, Chu JN, Reker D, Gwynne D, Collins J, Tamang S, McManus R, Lopes A, Hayward A, Baron RM, Kim EY, Traverso G. Dynamic Monitoring of Systemic Biomarkers with Gastric Sensors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102861. [PMID: 34713599 PMCID: PMC8693042 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Continuous monitoring in the intensive care setting has transformed the capacity to rapidly respond with interventions for patients in extremis. Noninvasive monitoring has generally been limited to transdermal or intravascular systems coupled to transducers including oxygen saturation or pressure. Here it is hypothesized that gastric fluid (GF) and gases, accessible through nasogastric (NG) tubes, commonly found in intensive care settings, can provide continuous access to a broad range of biomarkers. A broad characterization of biomarkers in swine GF coupled to time-matched serum is conducted . The relationship and kinetics of GF-derived analyte level dynamics is established by correlating these to serum levels in an acute renal failure and an inducible stress model performed in swine. The ability to monitor ketone levels and an inhaled anaesthetic agent (isoflurane) in vivo is demonstrated with novel NG-compatible sensor systems in swine. Gastric access remains a main stay in the care of the critically ill patient, and here the potential is established to harness this establishes route for analyte evaluation for clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Steiger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Nhi V. Phan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Hen‐Wei Huang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Haoying Sun
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Jacqueline N. Chu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Division of GastroenterologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Daniel Reker
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Declan Gwynne
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Joy Collins
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Siddartha Tamang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Rebecca McManus
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Aaron Lopes
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Alison Hayward
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Division of Comparative MedicineMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Rebecca M. Baron
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Edy Y. Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
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20
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Awad A, Trenfield SJ, Pollard TD, Ong JJ, Elbadawi M, McCoubrey LE, Goyanes A, Gaisford S, Basit AW. Connected healthcare: Improving patient care using digital health technologies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113958. [PMID: 34478781 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Now more than ever, traditional healthcare models are being overhauled with digital technologies of Healthcare 4.0 increasingly adopted. Worldwide, digital devices are improving every stage of the patient care pathway. For one, sensors are being used to monitor patient metrics 24/7, permitting swift diagnosis and interventions. At the treatment stage, 3D printers are under investigation for the concept of personalised medicine by allowing patients access to on-demand, customisable therapeutics. Robots are also being explored for treatment, by empowering precision surgery, rehabilitation, or targeted drug delivery. Within medical logistics, drones are being leveraged to deliver critical treatments to remote areas, collect samples, and even provide emergency aid. To enable seamless integration within healthcare, the Internet of Things technology is being exploited to form closed-loop systems that remotely communicate with one another. This review outlines the most promising healthcare technologies and devices, their strengths, drawbacks, and opportunities for clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atheer Awad
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Sarah J Trenfield
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Thomas D Pollard
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jun Jie Ong
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Moe Elbadawi
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Laura E McCoubrey
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Alvaro Goyanes
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; FabRx Ltd., Henwood House, Henwood, Ashford, Kent TN24 8DH, UK; Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Simon Gaisford
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; FabRx Ltd., Henwood House, Henwood, Ashford, Kent TN24 8DH, UK
| | - Abdul W Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; FabRx Ltd., Henwood House, Henwood, Ashford, Kent TN24 8DH, UK.
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21
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Huang Y, Yang F, Liu S, Wang R, Guo J, Ma X. Liquid Metal-Based Epidermal Flexible Sensor for Wireless Breath Monitoring and Diagnosis Enabled by Highly Sensitive SnS 2 Nanosheets. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2021; 2021:9847285. [PMID: 38617377 PMCID: PMC11014675 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9847285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Real-time wireless respiratory monitoring and biomarker analysis provide an attractive vision for noninvasive telemedicine such as the timely prevention of respiratory arrest or for early diagnoses of chronic diseases. Lightweight, wearable respiratory sensors are in high demand as they meet the requirement of portability in digital healthcare management. Meanwhile, high-performance sensing material plays a crucial role for the precise sensing of specific markers in exhaled air, which represents a complex and rather humid environment. Here, we present a liquid metal-based flexible electrode coupled with SnS2 nanomaterials as a wearable gas-sensing device, with added Bluetooth capabilities for remote respiratory monitoring and diagnoses. The flexible epidermal device exhibits superior skin compatibility and high responsiveness (1092%/ppm), ultralow detection limits (1.32 ppb), and a good selectivity of NO gas at ppb-level concentrations. Taking advantage of the fast recovery kinetics of SnS2 responding to H2O molecules, it is possible to accurately distinguish between different respiratory patterns based on the amount of water vapor in the exhaled air. Furthermore, based on the different redox types of H2O and NO molecules, the electric signal is reversed once the exhaled NO concentration exceeds a certain threshold that may indicate the onset of conditions like asthma, thus providing an early warning system for potential lung diseases. Finally, by integrating the wearable device into a wireless cloud-based multichannel interface, we provide a proof-of-concept that our device could be used for the simultaneous remote monitoring of several patients with respiratory diseases, a crucial field in future digital healthcare management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150086, China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen STRONG Advanced Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., China
| | - Fan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150086, China
- Shenzhen STRONG Advanced Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., China
| | - Sanhu Liu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rongguo Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150086, China
- Shenzhen STRONG Advanced Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., China
| | - Jinhong Guo
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xing Ma
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, No. 9 Duxue Road, Shenzhen 518055China
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22
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Thompson AJ, Bourke CD, Robertson RC, Shivakumar N, Edwards CA, Preston T, Holmes E, Kelly P, Frost G, Morrison DJ. Understanding the role of the gut in undernutrition: what can technology tell us? Gut 2021; 70:gutjnl-2020-323609. [PMID: 34103403 PMCID: PMC8292602 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gut function remains largely underinvestigated in undernutrition, despite its critical role in essential nutrient digestion, absorption and assimilation. In areas of high enteropathogen burden, alterations in gut barrier function and subsequent inflammatory effects are observable but remain poorly characterised. Environmental enteropathy (EE)-a condition that affects both gut morphology and function and is characterised by blunted villi, inflammation and increased permeability-is thought to play a role in impaired linear growth (stunting) and severe acute malnutrition. However, the lack of tools to quantitatively characterise gut functional capacity has hampered both our understanding of gut pathogenesis in undernutrition and evaluation of gut-targeted therapies to accelerate nutritional recovery. Here we survey the technology landscape for potential solutions to improve assessment of gut function, focussing on devices that could be deployed at point-of-care in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We assess the potential for technological innovation to assess gut morphology, function, barrier integrity and immune response in undernutrition, and highlight the approaches that are currently most suitable for deployment and development. This article focuses on EE and undernutrition in LMICs, but many of these technologies may also become useful in monitoring of other gut pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Thompson
- Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Claire D Bourke
- Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ruairi C Robertson
- Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nirupama Shivakumar
- Division of Nutrition, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Tom Preston
- Stable Isotope Biochemistry Laboratory, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride, UK
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Kelly
- Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Gary Frost
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Douglas J Morrison
- Stable Isotope Biochemistry Laboratory, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride, UK
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23
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Liu W, Gu D, Li X. AuPt Bimetal-Functionalized SnSe 2 Microflower-Based Sensors for Detecting Sub-ppm NO 2 at Low Temperatures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:20336-20348. [PMID: 33900063 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel chemiresistive-type sensor for detecting sub-ppm NO2 has been fabricated using AuPt bimetal-decorated SnSe2 microflowers, which was synthesized by the hydrothermal treatment followed by in situ chemical reduction of the bimetal precursors on the surface of the petals of the microflowers. The as-prepared sensor registers a superior performance in detection of sub-ppm concentration of NO2. Functionalized by the AuPt bimetal, the SnSe2 microflower-based sensor shows a response of approximately 4.62 to 8 ppm NO2 at 130 °C. It is significantly higher than those of the sensors using the pristine SnSe2 (∼2.29) and the modified SnSe2 samples by a single metal, either Au (∼3.03) or Pt (∼3.97). The sensor demonstrates excellent long-term stability, signal repeatability, and selectivity to some typical interfering gaseous species including ammonia, acetone, formaldehyde, ethanol, methanol, benzene, CO2, SO2, and CO. The remarkable improvement of the sensitive characteristics could be induced by the electronic and chemical sensitization and the synergistic effect of the AuPt bimetal. Density functional theory (DFT) is implemented to calculate the adsorption states of NO2 on the sensing materials and thus to possibly reveal the sensing mechanism. The significantly enhanced response of the SnSe2-based sensor decorated with AuPt bimetallic nanoparticles has been found to be possibly caused by the orbital hybridization of O, Au, and Pt atoms leading to the redistribution of electrons, which is beneficial for NO2 molecules to obtain more electrons from the composite material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Liaoning for Integrated Circuits Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China
| | - Ding Gu
- School of Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Liaoning for Integrated Circuits Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogan Li
- School of Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Liaoning for Integrated Circuits Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China
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24
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Wang X, Li J, Li N, Guan K, Yin D, Zhang H, Ding G, Hu Y. Evolution of Intestinal Gases and Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids Produced in vitro by Preterm Infant Gut Microbiota During the First 4 Weeks of Life. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:726193. [PMID: 34646797 PMCID: PMC8504453 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.726193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The production of intestinal gases and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by infant gut microbiota may have a significant impact on their health, but information about the composition and volume of intestinal gases and SCFA profiles in preterm infants is scarce. Objective: This study examined the change of the composition and volume of intestinal gases and SCFA profiles produced by preterm infant gut microbiota in vitro during the first 4 weeks of life. Methods: Fecal samples were obtained at five time points (within 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks) from 19 preterm infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University between May and July 2020. These samples were initially inoculated into four different media containing lactose (LAT), fructooligosaccharide (FOS), 2'-fucosyllactose (FL-2), and galactooligosaccharide (GOS) and thereafter fermented for 24 h under conditions mimicking those of the large intestine at 37.8°C under anaerobic conditions. The volume of total intestinal gases and the concentrations of individual carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were measured by a gas analyzer. The concentrations of total SCFAs, individual acetic acid, propanoic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, pentanoic acid, and valeric acid were measured by gas chromatography (GC). Results: The total volume of intestinal gases (ranging from 0.01 to 1.64 ml in medium with LAT; 0-1.42 ml with GOS; 0-0.91 ml with FOS; and 0-0.44 ml with FL-2) and the concentrations of CO2, H2, H2S, and all six fecal SCFAs increased with age (p-trends < 0.05). Among them, CO2 was usually the predominant intestinal gas, and acetic acid was usually the predominant SCFA. When stratified by birth weight (<1,500 and ≥1,500 g), gender, and delivery mode, the concentration of CO2 was more pronounced among infants whose weight was ≥1,500 g than among those whose weight was <1,500 g (p-trends < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggested that the intestinal gases and SCFAs produced by preterm infant gut microbiota in vitro increased with age during the first 4 weeks of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunyu Guan
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Yin
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huating Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guodong Ding
- Department of Respiratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Wang T, Wang Y, Zheng S, Sun Q, Wu R, Hao J. Design of hierarchical SnSe 2 for efficient detection of trace NO 2 at room temperature. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00804h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanosheet-assembled hierarchical SnSe2 could serve as a new suitable candidate for high-performance room-temperature NO2 gas sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - You Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shengliang Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Quan Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ruozhen Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Juanyuan Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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26
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Adjustment of oxygen vacancy states in ZnO and its application in ppb-level NO 2 gas sensor. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:1650-1658. [PMID: 36659041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen vacancy (VO) is long believed as a key factor influencing the gas sensing properties. However, the concentration of VO is generally focused while the VO state is neglected, which masks the inherent mechanism of gas sensor. Using a post annealing process, the influence of VO states on the response of ZnO nanofilm to NO2 gas is investigated in this study. The systematical analysis of the results obtained by different methods indicates a transformation of VO from the neutral to the doubly ionized state during post annealing treatment. The results also imply that the gas sensing properties is not directly correlated with the VO concentration. And due to the competitive adsorption of ambient O2, the neutral VO is majorly occupied by the adsorbed O2 while the VO in doubly ionized state can promote the adsorption of NO2. Consequently, the transition of VO from the neutral to the doubly ionized state can lead to a dramatic increase of the response to NO2, from 733 to 3.34 × 104 for 100 ppm NO2. Guided by this mechanism, NO2 gas sensing in ppb-level is also achieved: the response reaches 165% to 25 ppb (0.025 ppm) NO2 with a good repeatability.
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27
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Factors That Affect Prevalence of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Chronic Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2020; 10:e00072. [PMID: 31517648 PMCID: PMC6775338 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) can complicate chronic pancreatitis (CP) and interfere with management. Its predisposing factors in CP and treatment response are unknown. In this review, we evaluated factors affecting disease burden. METHODS A computerized search of PubMed and EMBASE databases from inception through May 2019 was done for studies correlating SIBO with CP. Studies were screened, and relevant data were extracted and analyzed. Pooled prevalence, odds ratio (OR), and meta-regression were performed using the random effects model as classically described by Borenstein et al. (2009). SIBO's relation to diabetes mellitus (DM), pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI), narcotic use, and proton-pump inhibitor use was investigated. Treatment response was pooled across studies. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS In 13 studies containing 518 patients with CP, SIBO prevalence was 38.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.5-53.5). OR for SIBO in CP vs controls was 5.58 (95% CI 2.26-13.75). Meta-regression showed that PEI and the diagnostic test used were able to explain 54% and 43% of the variance in SIBO prevalence across studies, respectively. DM and PEI were associated with increased SIBO in CP with OR (2.1, 95% CI 1.2-3.5) and OR (2.5, 95% CI 1.3-4.8), respectively. Symptomatic improvement was reported in 76% of patients after SIBO treatment. DISCUSSION SIBO complicates 38% of CP with OR of 5.58 indicating a predisposition for this condition. PEI correlates with SIBO in CP and might play a role in pathophysiology. DM and PEI are associated with increased SIBO in CP. Treatment of SIBO may lead to symptomatic improvement.
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28
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Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth: How to Diagnose and Treat (and Then Treat Again). Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2020; 49:571-587. [PMID: 32718571 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a condition with presentation that can vary from asymptomatic to steatorrhea and malnutrition. Small bowel aspiration and culture is the current gold standard of diagnosis; however, this is invasive and is not without risk to the patient. Breath testing is a noninvasive and less expensive alternative method; however, it lacks diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Novel diagnostic methods being studied include gas-sensing capsules. The mainstay of treatment is antibiotics; alternative therapies include herbal medications, dietary modifications, and prokinetic agents. Further investigation into less invasive and less harmful diagnostic methods and treatment options is warranted.
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29
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Sun Q, Hao J, Zheng S, Wan P, Li J, Zhang D, Li Y, Wang T, Wang Y. 2D/2D heterojunction of g-C 3N 4/SnS 2: room-temperature sensing material for ultrasensitive and rapid-recoverable NO 2 detection. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:425502. [PMID: 32590366 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aba05b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Heterojunction engineering plays an indispensable role in improving gas-sensing performance. However, rational heterojunction engineering to achieve room-temperature NO2 sensing with both high response and rapid recovery is still a challenge. Herein, a 2D/2D heterojunction of g-C3N4/SnS2 is designed to improve the sensing performance of SnS2 and used for ultrasensitive and rapid-recoverable NO2 detection at room temperature. The pristine SnS2 fails to work at room temperature because of its high resistivity and weak adsorption to NO2. After combination with g-C3N4 nanosheets, the g-C3N4/SnS2-based sensor exhibits an extremely high response (503%) and short recovery time (166 s) towards 1 ppm NO2 at room temperature. The improved sensing performance is primarily attributed to the increased adsorption sites and enhanced charge transfer induced by the 2D/2D heterojunctions with large interface contact area. This achievement of g-C3N4/SnS2 2D/2D heterostructures demonstrates a promising pathway for the design of sensitive gas-sensing material based on a 2D/2D heterojunction strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
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30
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Banis GE, Beardslee LA, Stine JM, Sathyam RM, Ghodssi R. Capacitive sensing of triglyceride film reactions: a proof-of-concept demonstration for sensing in simulated duodenal contents with gastrointestinal targeting capsule system. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2020-2032. [PMID: 32391526 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00133c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ingestible capsule systems continue to evolve to overcome drawbacks associated with traditional gastrointestinal (GI) diagnostic and therapeutic processes, such as limitations on which sections of the GI tract can be accessed or the inability to measure local biomarker concentrations. We report an integrated capsule sensing system, utilizing a hybrid packaging scheme coupled with triglyceride film-coated capacitive sensors, for measuring biochemical species present in the duodenum, such as pancreatic lipase and bile acids. The system uses microfabricated capacitive sensors interfaced with a Bluetooth low-energy (BLE)-microcontroller, allowing wireless connectivity to a mobile app. The triglyceride films insulate the sensor surface and react either with 0.01-1 mM lipase via hydrolysis or 0.07-7% w/v bile acids via emulsification in simulated fluids, leading to measurable changes in capacitance. Cross reactivity of the triglyceride films is evaluated in both phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as well as pancreatic trypsin solutions. The film morphology is observed after exposure to each stimulus to better understand how these changes alter the sensor capacitance. The capsule utilizes a 3D-printed package coated with polymers that remain intact in acid solution (mimicking gastric conditions), then dissolve at a duodenum-mimicking neutral pH for triggered opening of the sensing chamber from which we can subsequently detect the presence of pancreatic lipase. This device strategy represents a significant step towards using embedded packaging and triglyceride-based materials to target specific regions of the GI tract and sensing biochemical contents for evaluating gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Banis
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, USA. and Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, USA
| | | | - Justin M Stine
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, USA. and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Rajendra Mayavan Sathyam
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, USA. and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Reza Ghodssi
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, USA. and Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, USA and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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31
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Wang X, Liu Y, Dai J, Chen Q, Huang X, Huang W. Solution-Processed p-SnSe/n-SnSe 2 Hetero-Structure Layers for Ultrasensitive NO 2 Detection. Chemistry 2020; 26:3870-3876. [PMID: 31990101 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The formation of semiconductor heterostructures is an effective approach to achieve high performance in electrical gas sensing. However, such heterostructures are usually prepared via multi-step procedures. In this contribution, by taking advantage of the crystal phase-dependent electronic property of SnSex based materials, we report a one-step colloid method for the preparation of SnSe(x%)/SnSe2 (100-x%) p-n heterostructures, with x ≈30, 50, and 70. The obtained materials with solution processability were successfully fabricated into NO2 sensors. Among them, the SnSe(50 %)/SnSe2 (50 %) based sensor with an active layer thickness of 2 μm exhibited the highest sensitivity to NO2 (30 % at 0.1 ppm) with a limit of detection (LOD) down to 69 ppb at room temperature (25 °C). This was mainly attributed to the formation of p-n junctions that allowed for gas-induced modification of the junction barriers. Under 405 nm laser illumination, the sensor performance was further enhanced, exhibiting a 3.5 times increased response toward 0.1 ppm NO2 , along with a recovery time of 4.6 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Wang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.,Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yao Liu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jie Dai
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.,Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
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32
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Kumar R, Jenjeti RN, Sampath S. Two-Dimensional, Few-Layer MnPS 3 for Selective NO 2 Gas Sensing under Ambient Conditions. ACS Sens 2020; 5:404-411. [PMID: 31975587 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two-dimensional few-layer MnPS3 is introduced as a selective and reversible NO2 gas sensor in dry nitrogen (N2) under ambient conditions. The solvent exfoliation technique is utilized to exfoliate bulk MnPS3 into a few layers, which are further assembled as thin films by the vacuum filtration method. The films are subsequently transferred onto a sensing device and used for NO2 sensing. Exfoliated MnPS3 shows excellent sensitivity toward NO2 gas with a low detection limit of a few tens of ppb at 25 °C. A sensitivity of 9530% is obtained at 35 ppm concentration of NO2 with the theoretical limit of detection calculated to be ∼9.5 ppb. The sensor is highly selective toward NO2 gas (with respect to interferents NO, NH3, H2, CO, CO2, C2H2, and O2) and is fully reversible under ambient conditions. The time constant is determined to be in the range of 30-160 s for adsorption and desorption processes. Raman spectroscopy reveals that the mechanism of sensing is based on charge transfer interactions between the sensor and analyte. This study opens up ways to fabricate gas sensors using few-layer metal phosphochalcogenides (MPX3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Kumar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ramesh Naidu Jenjeti
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - S. Sampath
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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33
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Muñoz-Tamayo R, Popova M, Tillier M, Morgavi DP, Morel JP, Fonty G, Morel-Desrosiers N. Hydrogenotrophic methanogens of the mammalian gut: Functionally similar, thermodynamically different-A modelling approach. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226243. [PMID: 31826000 PMCID: PMC6905546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanogenic archaea occupy a functionally important niche in the gut microbial ecosystem of mammals. Our purpose was to quantitatively characterize the dynamics of methanogenesis by integrating microbiology, thermodynamics and mathematical modelling. For that, in vitro growth experiments were performed with pure cultures of key methanogens from the human and ruminant gut, namely Methanobrevibacter smithii, Methanobrevibacter ruminantium and Methanobacterium formicium. Microcalorimetric experiments were performed to quantify the methanogenesis heat flux. We constructed an energetic-based mathematical model of methanogenesis. Our model captured efficiently the dynamics of methanogenesis with average concordance correlation coefficients of 0.95 for CO2, 0.98 for H2 and 0.97 for CH4. Together, experimental data and model enabled us to quantify metabolism kinetics and energetic patterns that were specific and distinct for each species despite their use of analogous methane-producing pathways. Then, we tested in silico the interactions between these methanogens under an in vivo simulation scenario using a theoretical modelling exercise. In silico simulations suggest that the classical competitive exclusion principle is inapplicable to gut ecosystems and that kinetic information alone cannot explain gut ecological aspects such as microbial coexistence. We suggest that ecological models of gut ecosystems require the integration of microbial kinetics with nonlinear behaviours related to spatial and temporal variations taking place in mammalian guts. Our work provides novel information on the thermodynamics and dynamics of methanogens. This understanding will be useful to construct new gut models with enhanced prediction capabilities and could have practical applications for promoting gut health in mammals and mitigating ruminant methane emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Muñoz-Tamayo
- UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Milka Popova
- Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1213 Herbivores, Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maxence Tillier
- Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1213 Herbivores, Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Diego P. Morgavi
- Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1213 Herbivores, Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Gérard Fonty
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LMGE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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34
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Intestinal gases: influence on gut disorders and the role of dietary manipulations. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:733-747. [PMID: 31520080 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The inner workings of the intestines, in which the body and microbiome intersect to influence gut function and systemic health, remain elusive. Carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane and hydrogen sulfide, as well as a variety of trace gases, are generated by the chemical interactions and microbiota within the gut. Profiling of these intestinal gases and their responses to dietary changes can reveal the products and functions of the gut microbiota and their influence on human health. Indeed, different tools for measuring these intestinal gases have been developed, including newly developed gas-sensing capsule technology. Gases can, according to their type, concentration and volume, induce or relieve abdominal symptoms, and might also have physiological, pathogenic and therapeutic effects. Thus, profiling and modulating intestinal gases could be powerful tools for disease prevention and/or therapy. As the interactions between the microbiota, chemical constituents and fermentative substrates of the gut are principally influenced by dietary intake, altering the diet, which, in turn, changes gas profiles, is the main therapeutic approach for gastrointestinal disorders. An improved understanding of the complex interactions within the intestines that generate gases will enhance our ability to prevent, diagnose, treat and monitor many gastrointestinal disorders.
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35
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Opportunities for Electroceuticals in Epilepsy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:735-746. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Sun Q, Wang J, Hao J, Zheng S, Wan P, Wang T, Fang H, Wang Y. SnS 2/SnS p-n heterojunctions with an accumulation layer for ultrasensitive room-temperature NO 2 detection. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:13741-13749. [PMID: 31192336 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02780g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The unique features of SnS2 make it a sensitive material ideal for preparing high-performance nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas sensors. However, sensors based on pristine tin disulfide (SnS2) fail to work at room temperature (RT) owing to their poor intrinsic conductivity and weak adsorptivity toward the target gas, thereby impeding their wide application. Herein, an ultrasensitive and fully recoverable room-temperature NO2 gas sensor based on SnS2/SnS p-n heterojunctions with an accumulation layer was fabricated. The amounts of SnS2/SnS heterojunctions can be effectively controlled by tuning the ratios of tin and sulfur precursors in the easy one-step solvothermal synthesis. Compared with pristine SnS2, the conductivity of SnS2/SnS heterostructures improved considerably. Such improvement was caused by the electron transfer from p-type SnS to n-type SnS2 because the Fermi level of SnS was higher than that of SnS2. The sensing response of optimized SnS2/SnS toward 4 ppm NO2 was 660% at room temperature, which was higher than most reported sensitivity values of other two-dimensional (2D) materials at room temperature. The superior sensing response of SnS2/SnS heterostructures was attributed to the enhanced electron transport and the increased adsorption sites caused by the SnS2/SnS p-n heterojunctions. Moreover, the SnS2/SnS sensor showed good selectivity and long-term stability. These achievements of SnS2/SnS heterostructured sensors make them highly desirable for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Juanyuan Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shengliang Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Wan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Haitao Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
| | - You Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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Metabolism, bioenergetics and thermal physiology: influences of the human intestinal microbiota. Nutr Res Rev 2019; 32:205-217. [PMID: 31258100 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The micro-organisms which inhabit the human gut (i.e. the intestinal microbiota) influence numerous human biochemical pathways and physiological functions. The present review focuses on two questions, 'Are intestinal microbiota effects measurable and meaningful?' and 'What research methods and variables are influenced by intestinal microbiota effects?'. These questions are considered with respect to doubly labelled water measurements of energy expenditure, heat balance calculations and models, measurements of RMR via indirect calorimetry, and diet-induced energy expenditure. Several lines of evidence suggest that the intestinal microbiota introduces measurement variability and measurement errors which have been overlooked in research studies involving nutrition, bioenergetics, physiology and temperature regulation. Therefore, we recommend that present conceptual models and research techniques be updated via future experiments, to account for the metabolic processes and regulatory influences of the intestinal microbiota.
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Celi P, Verlhac V, Pérez Calvo E, Schmeisser J, Kluenter AM. Biomarkers of gastrointestinal functionality in animal nutrition and health. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Clarke G, Sandhu KV, Griffin BT, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, Hyland NP. Gut Reactions: Breaking Down Xenobiotic–Microbiome Interactions. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 71:198-224. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.118.015768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Wu J, Wu Z, Han S, Yang BR, Gui X, Tao K, Liu C, Miao J, Norford LK. Extremely Deformable, Transparent, and High-Performance Gas Sensor Based on Ionic Conductive Hydrogel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:2364-2373. [PMID: 30596426 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of stretchable chemical sensors becomes increasingly attractive for emerging wearable applications in environmental monitoring and health care. Here, for the first time, chemically derived ionic conductive polyacrylamide/carrageenan double-network (DN) hydrogels are exploited to fabricate ultrastretchable and transparent NO2 and NH3 sensors with high sensitivity (78.5 ppm-1) and low theoretical limit of detection (1.2 ppb) in NO2 detection. The hydrogels can withstand various rigorous mechanical deformations, including up to 1200% strain, large-range flexion, and twist. The drastic mechanical deformations do not degrade the gas-sensing performance. A facile solvent replacement strategy is devised to partially replace water with glycerol (Gly) molecules in the solvent of hydrogel, generating the water-Gly binary hydrogel with 1.68 times boosted sensitivity to NO2 and significantly enhanced stability. The DN-Gly NO2 sensor can maintain its sensitivity for as long as 9 months. The high sensitivity is attributed to the abundant oxygenated functional groups in the well-designed polymer chains and solvent. A gas-blocking mechanism is proposed to understand the positive resistance shift of the gas sensors. This work sheds light on utilizing ionic conductive hydrogels as novel channel materials to design highly deformable and sensitive gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Zixuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Songjia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Bo-Ru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Xuchun Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Kai Tao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072 , China
| | - Chuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Jianmin Miao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Leslie K Norford
- Department of Architecture , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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Bettinger CJ. Materialien und Strukturen für schluckbare elektromechanische medizinische Funktionseinheiten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Bettinger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890 USA
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Di Stefano M, Quigley EMM. The diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: Two steps forward, one step backwards? Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13494. [PMID: 30328232 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) was originally described decades ago as a cause of malabsorption among individuals with abnormal intestinal anatomy and/or impaired gastric acid secretion and intestinal motor functions. More recently, the concept of SIBO has been expanded to explain symptoms among a much broader patient population-a move that brings the definition of SIBO into much sharper focus. For largely logistical reasons, breath tests and, especially, those based on the excretion of hydrogen consequent on the fermentation of unabsorbed carbohydrate substrates, have almost entirely replaced jejunal aspirates in the diagnosis of SIBO. Ever bedeviled by concerns regarding their reliability, hydrogen breath tests have now come under even more critical scrutiny with the study from Sundin and colleagues in this issue suggesting that their sole function is to detect carbohydrate malabsorption and that they are incapable of defining SIBO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Di Stefano
- First Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS S. Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eamonn M M Quigley
- Lynda K and David M Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas
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Bettinger CJ. Advances in Materials and Structures for Ingestible Electromechanical Medical Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16946-16958. [PMID: 29999578 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ingestible biomedical devices that diagnose, prevent, or treat diseases has been a dream of engineers and clinicians for decades. The increasing apparent importance of gut health on overall well-being and the prevalence of many gastrointestinal diseases have renewed focus on this emerging class of medical devices. Several prominent examples of commercially successful ingestible medical devices exist. However, many technical challenges remain before ingestible medical devices can achieve their full clinical potential. This Minireview summarizes recent discoveries in this interdisciplinary topic including novel materials, advanced materials processing techniques, and select examples of integrated ingestible electromechanical systems. After a brief historical perspective, these topics will be reviewed with a dedicated focus on advanced functional materials and fabrication strategies in the context of clinical translation and potential regulatory considerations. Future perspectives, challenges, and opportunities related to ingestible medical devices will also be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Bettinger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213-3890, USA
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Wu E, Xie Y, Yuan B, Zhang H, Hu X, Liu J, Zhang D. Ultrasensitive and Fully Reversible NO 2 Gas Sensing Based on p-Type MoTe 2 under Ultraviolet Illumination. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1719-1726. [PMID: 30105902 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The unique properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials make them promising candidates for chemical and biological sensing applications. However, most 2D material sensors suffer from extremely long recovery time due to the slow molecular desorption at room temperature. Here, we report an ultrasensitive p-type molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) gas sensor for NO2 detection with greatly enhanced sensitivity and recovery rate under ultraviolet (UV) illumination. Specifically, the sensitivity of the sensor to NO2 is dramatically enhanced by 1 order of magnitude under 254 nm UV illumination as compared to that in the dark condition, leading to a remarkable low detection limit of 252 ppt. More importantly, the p-type MoTe2 sensor can achieve full recovery after each sensing cycle well within 160 s at room temperature. Finally, the p-type MoTe2 sensor also exhibits excellent sensing performance to NO2 in ambient air and negligible response to H2O, indicating its great potential in practical applications, such as breath analysis and ambient NO2 detection. Such impressive features originate from the activated interface interaction between the gas molecules and p-type MoTe2 surface under UV illumination. This work provides a promising and easily applicable strategy to improve the performance of the gas sensors based on 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enxiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Qiushi Honors College, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaodong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Daihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
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Berean KJ, Ha N, Ou JZ, Chrimes AF, Grando D, Yao CK, Muir JG, Ward SA, Burgell RE, Gibson PR, Kalantar-Zadeh K. The safety and sensitivity of a telemetric capsule to monitor gastrointestinal hydrogen production in vivo in healthy subjects: a pilot trial comparison to concurrent breath analysis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 48:646-654. [PMID: 30067289 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal gases are currently used for the diagnosis of disorders including small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and carbohydrate malabsorption. AIM To compare the performance of measuring hydrogen production within the gut directly with the telemetric gas-sensing capsule with that of indirect measurement through breath testing. METHODS Using standard breath testing protocols, the capsules and breath tests were simultaneously evaluated in a single-blinded trial in 12 healthy subjects. Eight received a single dose of 1.25-40 g inulin and four 20 or 40 g glucose. Safety and reliability of the capsules were also assessed. RESULTS There were no reported adverse events. All capsules were retrieved and operated without failure. Capsule measurements were in agreement with breath test measurements in magnitude but not in timing; minimal hydrogen production was observed after glucose ingestion and capsule measurements correlated with breath hydrogen after ingestion of 40 g inulin. A dose-dependent increase in concentration of hydrogen was observed from the capsule following ingestion of inulin as low as 1.25 g compared with >10 g for breath measurements. Specifically, the capsule measured >3000 times higher concentrations of hydrogen compared to breath tests, resulting in a signal-to-noise ratio of 23.4 for the capsule compared to 4.2 for the breath test. CONCLUSIONS The capsule showed high sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio in measuring luminal hydrogen concentrations, provided information on the site of intestinal gas production, and demonstrated safety and reliability. The capsule has potential for improving diagnostic precision for disorders such as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Berean
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nam Ha
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jian Zhen Ou
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam F Chrimes
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danilla Grando
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chu K Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane G Muir
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie A Ward
- Monash School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca E Burgell
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter R Gibson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, Victoria, Australia
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An in-vitro upper gut simulator for assessing continuous gas production: A proof-of-concept using milk digestion. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Hao J, Zhang D, Sun Q, Zheng S, Sun J, Wang Y. Hierarchical SnS 2/SnO 2 nanoheterojunctions with increased active-sites and charge transfer for ultrasensitive NO 2 detection. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:7210-7217. [PMID: 29623333 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01379a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
SnS2 nanosheets with unique properties are excellent candidate materials for fabricating high-performance NO2 gas sensors. However, serious restacking and aggregation during sensor fabrication have greatly impacted the sensing response. In this study, flower-like hierarchical SnS2 was prepared by a simple microwave method and partially thermally oxidized to form hierarchical SnS2/SnO2 nanocomposites to further improve the sensing performance at low operating temperature. The fabricated SnS2/SnO2 sensor exhibited ultrahigh response (resistance ratio = 51.1) toward 1 ppm NO2 at 100 °C, roughly 10.2 times higher than that of pure SnS2 nanoflowers. The excellent and enhanced NO2 sensing performances of hierarchical SnS2/SnO2 nanocomposites were attributed to the novel hierarchical structure of SnS2 and the nanoheterojunction between SnS2 and the ultrafine SnO2 nanoparticles. The SnS2/SnO2 sensors also exhibited excellent selectivity and reliable repeatability. The simple fabrication of high performance sensing materials may facilitate the large-scale production of NO2 gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanyuan Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
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Abstract
Breath hydrogen tests are popular, noninvasive tests for the assessment of carbohydrate fermentation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD). There is limited information regarding the utility of breath hydrogen and methane tests in IBS and FD patients in East and Southeast Asia. This review aims to summarize current literature about common indications of breath testing in this region, the genesis of functional gastrointestinal symptoms by provocative breath testing and provide suggestions for correct use. The most common testing indication is the assessment of lactose intolerance, followed by small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and differentiation of intestinal gas profiles in research setting. Studies in this region not only documented a high prevalence of lactose malabsorption but a population, both healthy and IBS, that is highly symptomatic to typical lactose intakes. Breath hydrogen assessment of other fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAPs) are fairly uncommon, whereas methane breath testing is almost nonexistent. Cumulative hydrogen production following lactulose was also not excessive in IBS patients compared with controls. The evidence however, for the detection of SIBO suggests limited reliability in the use of lactulose or glucose breath testing alone and inconclusive data on its correlation with symptoms. Conversely, little has been carried out in FD. In conclusion, breath testing should be limited in the predicting patients with SIBO for directing clinical management but can be considered in the objective assessment of lactose malabsorption within a low FODMAP diet. Recommendations to improve the interpretation of breath testing in research were also provided.
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A human pilot trial of ingestible electronic capsules capable of sensing different gases in the gut. NATURE ELECTRONICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41928-017-0004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Cummins G, Yung DE, Cox BF, Koulaouzidis A, Desmulliez MPY, Cochran S. Luminally expressed gastrointestinal biomarkers. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 11:1119-1134. [PMID: 28849686 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2017.1373017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A biomarker is a measurable indicator of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes or pharmacological responses. The identification of a useful biomarker is challenging, with several hurdles to overcome before clinical adoption. This review gives a general overview of a range of biomarkers associated with inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer along the gastrointestinal tract. Areas covered: These markers include those that are already clinically accepted, such as inflammatory markers such as faecal calprotectin, S100A12 (Calgranulin C), Fatty Acid Binding Proteins (FABP), malignancy markers such as Faecal Occult Blood, Mucins, Stool DNA, Faecal microRNA (miRNA), other markers such as Faecal Elastase, Faecal alpha-1-antitrypsin, Alpha2-macroglobulin and possible future markers such as microbiota, volatile organic compounds and pH. Expert commentary: There are currently a few biomarkers that have been sufficiently validated for routine clinical use at present such as FC. However, many of these biomarkers continue to be limited in sensitivity and specificity for various GI diseases. Emerging biomarkers have the potential to improve diagnosis and monitoring but further study is required to determine efficacy and validate clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Cummins
- a Institute of Sensors, Signals and Systems, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Diana E Yung
- b The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh , Endoscopy Unit , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Ben F Cox
- c School of Medicine , University of Dundee , Dundee , UK
| | | | - Marc P Y Desmulliez
- a Institute of Sensors, Signals and Systems, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Sandy Cochran
- d Medical and Industrial Ultrasonics, School of Engineering , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
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