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Hu M, Ge J, Jiang Y, Sun X, Guo D, Gu Y. Advances and perspectives in genetic expression and operation for the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2024; 9:618-626. [PMID: 38784195 PMCID: PMC11109602 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of industrial biomanufacturing has emerged as a viable and sustainable alternative to fossil-based resources for producing functional chemicals. Moreover, advancements in synthetic biology have created new opportunities for the development of innovative cell factories. Notably, Yarrowia lipolytica, an oleaginous yeast that is generally regarded as safe, possesses several advantageous characteristics, including the ability to utilize inexpensive renewable carbon sources, well-established genetic backgrounds, and mature genetic manipulation methods. Consequently, there is increasing interest in manipulating the metabolism of this yeast to enhance its potential as a biomanufacturing platform. Here, we reviewed the latest developments in genetic expression strategies and manipulation tools related to Y. lipolytica, particularly focusing on gene expression, chromosomal operation, CRISPR-based tool, and dynamic biosensors. The purpose of this review is to serve as a valuable reference for those interested in the development of a Y. lipolytica microbial factory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Hu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianyue Ge
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yaru Jiang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoman Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dongshen Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yang Gu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Tullio V. Probiotic Yeasts: A Developing Reality? J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:489. [PMID: 39057374 PMCID: PMC11277836 DOI: 10.3390/jof10070489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Yeasts are gaining increasing attention for their potential health benefits as probiotics in recent years. Researchers are actively searching for new yeast strains with probiotic properties (i.e, Debaryomyces hansenii; Kluyveromyces marxianus; Yarrowia lipolytica; Pichia hudriavzevii; and Torulaspora delbrueckii) from various sources, including traditional fermented foods, the human gut, and the environment. This exploration is expanding the pool of potential probiotic yeasts beyond the well-studied Saccharomyces boulardii. Research suggests that specific yeast strains possess properties that could be beneficial for managing conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, skin disorders, and allergies. Additionally, probiotic yeasts may compete with pathogenic bacteria for adhesion sites and nutrients, thereby inhibiting their growth and colonization. They might also produce antimicrobial compounds that directly eliminate harmful bacteria. To achieve these goals, the approach that uses probiotics for human health is changing. Next-generation yeast probiotics are emerging as a powerful new approach in the field of live biotherapeutics. By using genetic engineering, scientists are able to equip these tools with specialized capabilities. However, most research on these probiotic yeasts is still in its early stages, and more clinical trials are needed to confirm their efficacy and safety for various health conditions. This review could provide a brief overview of the situation in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Tullio
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, via Santena 9; 10126 Turin, Italy
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Makopa TP, Ncube T, Alwasel S, Boekhout T, Zhou N. Yeast-insect interactions in southern Africa: Tapping the diversity of yeasts for modern bioprocessing. Yeast 2024; 41:330-348. [PMID: 38450792 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Yeast-insect interactions are one of the most interesting long-standing relationships whose research has contributed to our understanding of yeast biodiversity and their industrial applications. Although insect-derived yeast strains are exploited for industrial fermentations, only a limited number of such applications has been documented. The search for novel yeasts from insects is attractive to augment the currently domesticated and commercialized production strains. More specifically, there is potential in tapping the insects native to southern Africa. Southern Africa is home to a disproportionately high fraction of global biodiversity with a cluster of biomes and a broad climate range. This review presents arguments on the roles of the mutualistic relationship between yeasts and insects, the presence of diverse pristine environments and a long history of spontaneous food and beverage fermentations as the potential source of novelty. The review further discusses the recent advances in novelty of industrial strains of insect origin, as well as various ancient and modern-day industries that could be improved by use yeasts from insect origin. The major focus of the review is on the relationship between insects and yeasts in southern African ecosystems as a potential source of novel industrial yeast strains for modern bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawanda P Makopa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Thembekile Ncube
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nerve Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
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Liu X, Deng J, Zhang J, Cui Z, Qi Q, Hou J. Genome-scale transcriptional activation by non-homologous end joining-mediated integration in Yarrowia lipolytica. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:24. [PMID: 38360689 PMCID: PMC10870441 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-scale screening can be applied to efficiently mine for unknown genes with phenotypes of interest or special functions. It is also useful to identify new targets for engineering desirable properties of cell factories. RESULTS Here, we designed a new approach for genome-scale transcription activation using non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)-mediated integration in Yarrowia lipolytica. We utilized this approach to screen for genes that, upon activation, confer phenotypes including improved acetic acid tolerance and xylose metabolism. The candidates were validated using gene overexpression, and functional changes including improved growth performance under multiple stressors and activated pentose metabolism were identified. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a simple and effective approach to randomly activate endogenous genes and mine for key targets associated with phenotypes of interest. The specific gene targets identified here will be useful for cell factory construction and biorefining lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Rywińska A, Tomaszewska-Hetman L, Lazar Z, Juszczyk P, Sałata P, Malek K, Kawecki A, Rymowicz W. Application of New Yarrowia lipolytica Transformants in Production of Citrates and Erythritol from Glycerol. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1475. [PMID: 38338753 PMCID: PMC10855631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Citric acid and erythritol are obtained on an industrial scale using biotechnological methods. Due to the growing market demand for these products, research is underway to improve the process economics by introducing new microorganisms, in particular of the species Yarrowia lipolytica. The aim of this study was to evaluate transformants of Y. lipolytica for growth and ability to overproduce citric acids and erythritol from glycerol. The transformants were constructed by overexpressing glycerol kinase, methylcitrate synthase and mitochondrial succinate-fumarate transporter in the mutant Wratislavia 1.31. Next, strains were assessed for biosynthesis of citrate (pH 5.5; nitrogen limitation) and erythritol (pH 3.0; high osmotic pressure) from glycerol. Regardless of culture conditions strains, 1.31.GUT1/6 and 1.31.GUT1/6.CIT1/3 exhibited high rates of substrate utilization. Under conditions favoring citrate biosynthesis, both strains produced several percent more citrates, accompanied by higher erythritol production compared to the parental strain. During erythritol biosynthesis, the strain 1.31.GUT1/6.CIT1/3.E34672g obtained as a result of co-expression of all three genes stood out, producing 84.0 g/L of erythritol with yield and productivity of 0.54 g/g and 0.72 g/Lh, respectively, which places it in the group of the highest-ranked producers of erythritol among Y. lipolytica species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ludwika Tomaszewska-Hetman
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Str. 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (A.R.); (Z.L.); (P.J.); (P.S.); (A.K.); (W.R.)
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Asemoloye MD, Bello TS, Oladoye PO, Remilekun Gbadamosi M, Babarinde SO, Ebenezer Adebami G, Olowe OM, Temporiti MEE, Wanek W, Marchisio MA. Engineered yeasts and lignocellulosic biomaterials: shaping a new dimension for biorefinery and global bioeconomy. Bioengineered 2023; 14:2269328. [PMID: 37850721 PMCID: PMC10586088 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2269328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The next milestone of synthetic biology research relies on the development of customized microbes for specific industrial purposes. Metabolic pathways of an organism, for example, depict its chemical repertoire and its genetic makeup. If genes controlling such pathways can be identified, scientists can decide to enhance or rewrite them for different purposes depending on the organism and the desired metabolites. The lignocellulosic biorefinery has achieved good progress over the past few years with potential impact on global bioeconomy. This principle aims to produce different bio-based products like biochemical(s) or biofuel(s) from plant biomass under microbial actions. Meanwhile, yeasts have proven very useful for different biotechnological applications. Hence, their potentials in genetic/metabolic engineering can be fully explored for lignocellulosic biorefineries. For instance, the secretion of enzymes above the natural limit (aided by genetic engineering) would speed-up the down-line processes in lignocellulosic biorefineries and the cost. Thus, the next milestone would greatly require the development of synthetic yeasts with much more efficient metabolic capacities to achieve basic requirements for particular biorefinery. This review gave comprehensive overview of lignocellulosic biomaterials and their importance in bioeconomy. Many researchers have demonstrated the engineering of several ligninolytic enzymes in heterologous yeast hosts. However, there are still many factors needing to be well understood like the secretion time, titter value, thermal stability, pH tolerance, and reactivity of the recombinant enzymes. Here, we give a detailed account of the potentials of engineered yeasts being discussed, as well as the constraints associated with their development and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dare Asemoloye
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, Nankai District, China
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tunde Sheriffdeen Bello
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna Niger State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Segun Oladiran Babarinde
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Olumayowa Mary Olowe
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Mail Bag, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | | | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Andrea Marchisio
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, Nankai District, China
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Kurt E, Qin J, Williams A, Zhao Y, Xie D. Perspectives for Using CO 2 as a Feedstock for Biomanufacturing of Fuels and Chemicals. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1357. [PMID: 38135948 PMCID: PMC10740661 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial cell factories offer an eco-friendly alternative for transforming raw materials into commercially valuable products because of their reduced carbon impact compared to conventional industrial procedures. These systems often depend on lignocellulosic feedstocks, mainly pentose and hexose sugars. One major hurdle when utilizing these sugars, especially glucose, is balancing carbon allocation to satisfy energy, cofactor, and other essential component needs for cellular proliferation while maintaining a robust yield. Nearly half or more of this carbon is inevitably lost as CO2 during the biosynthesis of regular metabolic necessities. This loss lowers the production yield and compromises the benefit of reducing greenhouse gas emissions-a fundamental advantage of biomanufacturing. This review paper posits the perspectives of using CO2 from the atmosphere, industrial wastes, or the exhausted gases generated in microbial fermentation as a feedstock for biomanufacturing. Achieving the carbon-neutral or -negative goals is addressed under two main strategies. The one-step strategy uses novel metabolic pathway design and engineering approaches to directly fix the CO2 toward the synthesis of the desired products. Due to the limitation of the yield and efficiency in one-step fixation, the two-step strategy aims to integrate firstly the electrochemical conversion of the exhausted CO2 into C1/C2 products such as formate, methanol, acetate, and ethanol, and a second fermentation process to utilize the CO2-derived C1/C2 chemicals or co-utilize C5/C6 sugars and C1/C2 chemicals for product formation. The potential and challenges of using CO2 as a feedstock for future biomanufacturing of fuels and chemicals are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kurt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (E.K.); (J.Q.); (A.W.)
| | - Jiansong Qin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (E.K.); (J.Q.); (A.W.)
| | - Alexandria Williams
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (E.K.); (J.Q.); (A.W.)
| | - Youbo Zhao
- Physical Sciences Inc., 20 New England Business Ctr., Andover, MA 01810, USA;
| | - Dongming Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (E.K.); (J.Q.); (A.W.)
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Qin J, Kurt E, LBassi T, Sa L, Xie D. Biotechnological production of omega-3 fatty acids: current status and future perspectives. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1280296. [PMID: 38029217 PMCID: PMC10662050 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1280296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids, including alpha-linolenic acids (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have shown major health benefits, but the human body's inability to synthesize them has led to the necessity of dietary intake of the products. The omega-3 fatty acid market has grown significantly, with a global market from an estimated USD 2.10 billion in 2020 to a predicted nearly USD 3.61 billion in 2028. However, obtaining a sufficient supply of high-quality and stable omega-3 fatty acids can be challenging. Currently, fish oil serves as the primary source of omega-3 fatty acids in the market, but it has several drawbacks, including high cost, inconsistent product quality, and major uncertainties in its sustainability and ecological impact. Other significant sources of omega-3 fatty acids include plants and microalgae fermentation, but they face similar challenges in reducing manufacturing costs and improving product quality and sustainability. With the advances in synthetic biology, biotechnological production of omega-3 fatty acids via engineered microbial cell factories still offers the best solution to provide a more stable, sustainable, and affordable source of omega-3 fatty acids by overcoming the major issues associated with conventional sources. This review summarizes the current status, key challenges, and future perspectives for the biotechnological production of major omega-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dongming Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
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9
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Ding Q, Ye C. Microbial engineering for shikimate biosynthesis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 170:110306. [PMID: 37598506 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Shikimate, a precursor to the antiviral drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu®), can influence aromatic metabolites and finds extensive use in antimicrobial, antitumor, and cardiovascular applications. Consequently, various strategies have been developed for chemical synthesis and plant extraction to enhance shikimate biosynthesis, potentially impacting environmental conditions, economic sustainability, and separation and purification processes. Microbial engineering has been developed as an environmentally friendly approach for shikimate biosynthesis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of microbial strategies for shikimate biosynthesis. These strategies primarily include chassis construction, biochemical optimization, pathway remodelling, and global regulation. Furthermore, we discuss future perspectives on shikimate biosynthesis and emphasize the importance of utilizing advanced metabolic engineering tools to regulate microbial networks for constructing robust microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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10
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Konzock O, Tous-Mohedano M, Cibin I, Chen Y, Norbeck J. Cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid are metabolized to 4-hydroxybenzoic acid by Yarrowia lipolytica. AMB Express 2023; 13:84. [PMID: 37561285 PMCID: PMC10415236 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01590-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica has been explored as a potential production host for flavonoid synthesis due to its high tolerance to aromatic acids and ability to supply malonyl-CoA. However, little is known about its ability to consume the precursors cinnamic and p-coumaric acid. In this study, we demonstrate that Y. lipolytica can consume these precursors through multiple pathways that are partially dependent on the cultivation medium. By monitoring the aromatic acid concentrations over time, we found that cinnamic acid is converted to p-coumaric acid. We identified potential proteins with a trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase activity in Y. lipolytica and constructed a collection of 15 knock-out strains to identify the genes responsible for the reaction. We identified YALI1_B28430g as the gene encoding for a protein that converts cinnamic acid to p-coumaric acid (designated as TCM1). By comparing different media compositions we found that complex media components (casamino acids and yeast extract) induce this pathway. Additionally, we discover the conversion of p-coumaric acid to 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Our findings provide new insight into the metabolic capabilities of Y. lipolytica and hold great potential for the future development of improved strains for flavonoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Konzock
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Marta Tous-Mohedano
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Irene Cibin
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Yun Chen
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Norbeck
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
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11
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Passoth V, Brandenburg J, Chmielarz M, Martín-Hernández GC, Nagaraj Y, Müller B, Blomqvist J. Oleaginous yeasts for biochemicals, biofuels and food from lignocellulose-hydrolysate and crude glycerol. Yeast 2023; 40:290-302. [PMID: 36597618 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial lipids produced from lignocellulose and crude glycerol (CG) can serve as sustainable alternatives to vegetable oils, whose production is, in many cases, accompanied by monocultures, land use changes or rain forest clearings. Our projects aim to understand the physiology of microbial lipid production by oleaginous yeasts, optimise the production and establish novel applications of microbial lipid compounds. We have established methods for fermentation and intracellular lipid quantification. Following the kinetics of lipid accumulation in different strains, we found high variability in lipid formation even between very closely related oleaginous yeast strains on both, wheat straw hydrolysate and CG. For example, on complete wheat straw hydrolysate, we saw that one Rhodotorula glutinis strain, when starting assimilating D-xylosealso assimilated the accumulated lipids, while a Rhodotorula babjevae strain could accumulate lipids on D-xylose. Two strains (Rhodotorula toruloides CBS 14 and R. glutinis CBS 3044) were found to be the best out of 27 tested to accumulate lipids on CG. Interestingly, the presence of hemicellulose hydrolysate stimulated glycerol assimilation in both strains. Apart from microbial oil, R. toruloides also produces carotenoids. The first attempts of extraction using the classical acetone-based method showed that β-carotene is the major carotenoid. However, there are indications that there are also substantial amounts of torulene and torularhodin, which have a very high potential as antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkmar Passoth
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jule Brandenburg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Klinisk Mikrobiologi Falun, Falun Lasarett, Falun, Sweden
| | - Mikołaj Chmielarz
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Yashaswini Nagaraj
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bettina Müller
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Blomqvist
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Lu Z, Wang Y, Li Z, Zhang Y, He S, Zhang Z, Leong S, Wong A, Zhang CY, Yu A. Combining Metabolic Engineering and Lipid Droplet Storage Engineering for Improved α-Bisabolene Production in Yarrowia Lipolytica. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37463315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Bisabolene is a bioactive sesquiterpene with a wide range of applications in food, cosmetics, medicine, and aviation fuels. Microbial production offers a green, efficient, and sustainable alternative. In this study, we focused on improving the titers of α-bisabolene in Yarrowia lipolytica by applying two strategies, (i) optimizing the metabolic flux of α-bisabolene biosynthetic pathway and (ii) sequestering α-bisabolene in lipid droplet, thus alleviating its inherent toxicity to host cells. We showed that overexpression of DGA1 and OLE1 to increase lipid content and unsaturated fatty acid levels was essential for boosting the α-bisabolene synthesis when supplemented with auxiliary carbon sources. The final engineered strain Po1gαB10 produced 1954.3 mg/L α-bisabolene from the waste cooking oil under shake flask fermentation, which was 96-fold higher than the control strain Po1gαB0. At the time of writing, our study represents the highest reported α-bisabolene titer in the engineered Y. lipolytica cell factory. This work describes novel strategies to improve the bioproduction of α-bisabolene that potentially may be applicable for other high-value terpene products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Zhuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Sicheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Ziyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Susanna Leong
- Food, Chemical and Biotechnology Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore 138683, Singapore
| | - Adison Wong
- Food, Chemical and Biotechnology Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore 138683, Singapore
| | - Cui-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Aiqun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
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13
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Nemer G, Louka N, Rabiller Blandin P, Maroun RG, Vorobiev E, Rossignol T, Nicaud JM, Guénin E, Koubaa M. Purification of Natural Pigments Violacein and Deoxyviolacein Produced by Fermentation Using Yarrowia lipolytica. Molecules 2023; 28:4292. [PMID: 37298767 PMCID: PMC10254742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Violacein and deoxyviolacein are bis-indole pigments synthesized by a number of microorganisms. The present study describes the biosynthesis of a mixture of violacein and deoxyviolacein using a genetically modified Y. lipolytica strain as a production chassis, the subsequent extraction of the intracellular pigments, and ultimately their purification using column chromatography. The results show that the optimal separation between the pigments occurs using an ethyl acetate/cyclohexane mixture with different ratios, first 65:35 until both pigments were clearly visible and distinguishable, then 40:60 to create a noticeable separation between them and recover the deoxyviolacein, and finally 80:20, which allows the recovery of the violacein. The purified pigments were then analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgio Nemer
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Centre de Recherche Royallieu—CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne CEDEX, France; (G.N.); (P.R.B.); (E.V.); (E.G.)
- Laboratoire CTA, UR TVA, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth 1104 2020, Lebanon; (N.L.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Laboratoire CTA, UR TVA, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth 1104 2020, Lebanon; (N.L.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Paul Rabiller Blandin
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Centre de Recherche Royallieu—CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne CEDEX, France; (G.N.); (P.R.B.); (E.V.); (E.G.)
| | - Richard G. Maroun
- Laboratoire CTA, UR TVA, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth 1104 2020, Lebanon; (N.L.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Eugène Vorobiev
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Centre de Recherche Royallieu—CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne CEDEX, France; (G.N.); (P.R.B.); (E.V.); (E.G.)
| | - Tristan Rossignol
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (T.R.); (J.-M.N.)
| | - Jean-Marc Nicaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (T.R.); (J.-M.N.)
| | - Erwann Guénin
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Centre de Recherche Royallieu—CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne CEDEX, France; (G.N.); (P.R.B.); (E.V.); (E.G.)
| | - Mohamed Koubaa
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Centre de Recherche Royallieu—CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne CEDEX, France; (G.N.); (P.R.B.); (E.V.); (E.G.)
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14
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Abstract
Our current food system relies on unsustainable practices, which often fail to provide healthy diets to a growing population. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for new sustainable nutrition sources and processes. Microorganisms have gained attention as a new food source solution, due to their low carbon footprint, low reliance on land, water and seasonal variations coupled with a favourable nutritional profile. Furthermore, with the emergence and use of new tools, specifically in synthetic biology, the uses of microorganisms have expanded showing great potential to fulfil many of our dietary needs. In this review, we look at the different applications of microorganisms in food, and examine the history, state-of-the-art and potential to disrupt current foods systems. We cover both the use of microbes to produce whole foods out of their biomass and as cell factories to make highly functional and nutritional ingredients. The technical, economical, and societal limitations are also discussed together with the current and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia E Graham
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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15
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Theodosiou E. Engineering Strategies for Efficient Bioconversion of Glycerol to Value-Added Products by Yarrowia lipolytica. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13040657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica has been a valuable biotechnological workhorse for the production of commercially important biochemicals for over 70 years. The knowledge gained so far on the native biosynthetic pathways, as well as the availability of numerous systems and synthetic biology tools, enabled not only the regulation and the redesign of the existing metabolic pathways, but also the introduction of novel synthetic ones; further consolidating the position of the yeast in industrial biotechnology. However, for the development of competitive and sustainable biotechnological production processes, bioengineering should be reinforced by bioprocess optimization strategies. Although there are many published reviews on the bioconversion of various carbon sources to value-added products by Yarrowia lipolytica, fewer works have focused on reviewing up-to-date strain, medium, and process engineering strategies with an aim to emphasize the significance of integrated engineering approaches. The ultimate goal of this work is to summarize the necessary knowledge and inspire novel routes to manipulate at a systems level the yeast biosynthetic machineries by combining strain and bioprocess engineering. Due to the increasing surplus of biodiesel-derived waste glycerol and the favored glycerol-utilization metabolic pathways of Y. lipolytica over other carbon sources, the present review focuses on pure and crude glycerol-based biomanufacturing.
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16
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Sun T, Yu Y, Wang L, Qi Y, Xu T, Wang Z, Lin L, Ledesma-Amaro R, Ji XJ. Combination of a Push-Pull-Block Strategy with a Heterologous Xylose Assimilation Pathway toward Lipid Overproduction from Lignocellulose in Yarrowia lipolytica. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:761-767. [PMID: 36789673 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The production of biodiesel using microbial lipids derived from renewable lignocellulosic biomass is considered a promising strategy to reduce environmental pressure and promote the green energy transition. The hydrolysates of lignocellulosic biomass are rich in glucose and xylose, which makes it crucial to efficiently utilize both sugars. Here, we combined metabolic engineering and adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) to construct an engineered Yarrowia lipolytica strain that can efficiently produce lipids from glucose and xylose. First, the "Push-Pull-Block" strategy was adopted to increase lipid content to 73.42% of the dry cell weight (DCW). Then, a heterologous xylose-utilization pathway was integrated into the engineered strain, which was subjected to ALE. The final evolved strain could accumulate 53.64% DCW of lipids from xylose, and the lipid titer reached 16.25 g/L. This work sheds light on the potential of microbial lipid overproduction from lignocellulose using engineered Y. lipolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Lexin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
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17
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Park YK, Ledesma-Amaro R. What makes Yarrowia lipolytica well suited for industry? Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:242-254. [PMID: 35940976 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica possesses natural and engineered traits that make it a good host for the industrial bioproduction of chemicals, fuels, foods, and pharmaceuticals. In recent years, academic and industrial researchers have assessed its potential, developed synthetic biology techniques, improved its features, scaled its processes, and identified its limitations. Both publications and patents related to Y. lipolytica have shown a drastic increase during the past decade. Here, we discuss the characteristics of this yeast that make it suitable for industry and the remaining challenges for its wider use at large scale. We present evidence herein that shows the importance and potential of Y. lipolytica in bioproduction such that it may soon be one of the preferred choices of industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kyoung Park
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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18
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Yang S, Pan X, Wang Q, Lv Q, Zhang X, Zhang R, Rao Z. Enhancing erythritol production from crude glycerol in a wild-type Yarrowia lipolytica by metabolic engineering. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1054243. [PMID: 36478868 PMCID: PMC9720325 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1054243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Erythritol is a zero-calorie sweetener that is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and medical industries. Crude glycerol is the main by-product of biodiesel, and the effective utilization of crude glycerol will help to improve biodiesel viability. Previous studies on the production of erythritol from Y. lipolytica using crude glycerol as a carbon source have focused on optimizing the fermentation process of the mutant Y. lipolytica Wratislavia K1, while metabolic engineering has not been successfully applied. Results: To this end, we engineered the yeast Y. lipolytica to increase the productivity of this strain. Wild strains tolerant to high concentrations of crude glycerol were screened and identified. A series of rational metabolic approaches were employed to improve erythritol production. Among them, the engineered strain Y-04, obtained by tandem overexpression of GUT1 and GUT2, significantly increased glycerol assimilation by 33.3%, which was consistent with the results of RT-qPCR analysis. The effects of tandem overexpression of GUT1, GUT2, TKL1, and TAL1 on erythritol synthesis were also evaluated. The best results were obtained using a mutant that overexpressed GUT1, GUT2, and TKL1 and knocked out EYD1. The final Y-11 strain produced 150 g/l erythritol in a 5-L bioreactor with a yield and productivity of 0.62 g/g and 1.25 g/l/h, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest erythritol yield and productivity from crude glycerol ever reported in Y. lipolytica. Conclusion: This work demonstrated that overexpression of GUT1, GUT2, and TKL1 and knockdown of EYD1 could be used to improve crude glycerol utilization and erythritol synthesis in Y. lipolytica. The process parameters such as erythritol yield and productivity were significantly elevated, which is valuable for industrial applications. Crude glycerol, as a carbon source, could efficiently restrict the synthesis of by-products while enhancing the generation of erythritol, compared to glucose. This indicates considerable potential for synthesizing value-added products from crude glycerol by Y. lipolytica.
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19
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Salvador López JM, Vandeputte M, Van Bogaert INA. Oleaginous yeasts: Time to rethink the definition? Yeast 2022; 39:553-606. [PMID: 36366783 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleaginous yeasts are typically defined as those able to accumulate more than 20% of their cell dry weight as lipids or triacylglycerides. Research on these yeasts has increased lately fuelled by an interest to use biotechnology to produce lipids and oleochemicals that can substitute those coming from fossil fuels or offer sustainable alternatives to traditional extractions (e.g., palm oil). Some oleaginous yeasts are attracting attention both in research and industry, with Yarrowia lipolytica one of the best-known and studied ones. Oleaginous yeasts can be found across several clades and different metabolic adaptations have been found, affecting not only fatty acid and neutral lipid synthesis, but also lipid particle stability and degradation. Recently, many novel oleaginous yeasts are being discovered, including oleaginous strains of the traditionally considered non-oleaginous Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the face of this boom, a closer analysis of the definition of "oleaginous yeast" reveals that this term has instrumental value for biotechnology, while it does not give information about distinct types of yeasts. Having this perspective in mind, we propose to expand the term "oleaginous yeast" to those able to produce either intracellular or extracellular lipids, not limited to triacylglycerides, in at least one growth condition (including ex novo lipid synthesis). Finally, a critical look at Y. lipolytica as a model for oleaginous yeasts shows that the term "oleaginous" should be reserved only for strains and not species and that in the case of Y. lipolytica, it is necessary to distinguish clearly between the lipophilic and oleaginous phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Salvador López
- BioPort Group, Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Meriam Vandeputte
- BioPort Group, Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inge N A Van Bogaert
- BioPort Group, Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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20
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Pan Y, Zhang M, Jia Y, Qian W, Yang J, Xu Q, Yang T, Wang P, Chen F. Dynamic process and mechanism of crude oil release from silty intertidal sediment under different influencing factors. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 250:104077. [PMID: 36156379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Under tidal scouring, residual petroleum in the intertidal sediment after oil spills could release again, causing secondary pollution in the marine ecosystem. The current study aimed to investigate the dynamic process and principles of crude oil release from silty intertidal sediment under different influencing factors and screened for the key factors. In this paper, the fitting equations and correlation between the release amount and various factors were explored through the single-factor and orthogonal experiments. Then, the key influencing factors were selected for multi-factor fitting of the release amount. The results showed that the oil release amount rose with the increase in oil concentration, oscillation frequency, and release time, but decreased with an increase in salinity. As the pH decreased, the oil release amount increased. The relationship between release amount and concentration/oscillation frequency can be equipped by the polynomial equation, and the average R2 was 0.95 and 0.84, respectively. The release amount can be fitted by the Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetic equation with time, with the average R2 0.89. The pH was negatively correlated with the release amount in the fresh contaminated sediment but positively correlated with the weathered one. The correlation between each factor and oil release amount was ranked (from large to small) as oil concentration, oscillation frequency, salinity, time, and pH. At last, a polynomial equation can be fitted between the key influencing factors (oil concentration and oscillation frequency) and the release amount. The results can provide a theoretical basis for predicting the secondary pollution owing to the oil re-release from intertidal sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Pan
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Equipment and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yonggang Jia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China.
| | - Weiguo Qian
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Equipment and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Jinsheng Yang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Qingxia Xu
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Rizhao Administrative Service Center, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Fan Chen
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
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21
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He H, Li Y, Zhang L, Ding Z, Shi G. Understanding and application of Bacillus nitrogen regulation: A synthetic biology perspective. J Adv Res 2022:S2090-1232(22)00205-3. [PMID: 36103961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen sources play an essential role in maintaining the physiological and biochemical activity of bacteria. Nitrogen metabolism, which is the core of microorganism metabolism, makes bacteria able to autonomously respond to different external nitrogen environments by exercising complex internal regulatory networks to help them stay in an ideal state. Although various studies have been put forth to better understand this regulation in Bacillus, and many valuable viewpoints have been obtained, these views need to be presented systematically and their possible applications need to be specified. AIM OF REVIEW The intention is to provide a deep and comprehensive understanding of nitrogen metabolism in Bacillus, an important industrial microorganism, and thereby apply this regulatory logic to synthetic biology to improve biosynthesis competitiveness. In addition, the potential researches in the future are also discussed. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT OF REVIEW Understanding the meticulous regulation process of nitrogen metabolism in Bacillus not only could facilitate research on metabolic engineering but also could provide constructive insights and inspiration for studies of other microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehe He
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Youran Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Guiyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China.
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22
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Dobrowolski A, Nawijn W, Mirończuk AM. Brown seaweed hydrolysate as a promising growth substrate for biomass and lipid synthesis of the yeast yarrowia lipolytica. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:944228. [PMID: 36061426 PMCID: PMC9428158 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.944228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomass of the brown algae Fucus vesiculosus and Saccharina latissima is a promising, renewable feedstock because of the high growth rate, accessibility and content of glucose and mannitol. Saccharification of seaweeds is a simple process due to the lack of lignocellulose in the cell wall. The high content of glucose and mannitol makes these seaweeds an attractive feedstock for lipid production in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. This study demonstrated that hydrolysates of brown algae biomass can be applied as a substrate for synthesis of yeast biomass and lipids without any supplementation. To increase the lipid titer in yeast biomass, we employed an engineered strain of Y. lipolytica overexpressing DGA1/DGA2. In consequence, the C/N ratio has a lower impact on lipid synthesis. Moreover, the applied substrates allowed for high synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA); the level exceeded 90% in the fatty acid pool. Oleic (C18:1) and linoleic acids (C18:2) achieved the highest content. The study showed that Y. lipolytica is able to grow on the seaweed hydrolysate and produces a high content of UFA in the biomass.
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23
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Wang K, Shi TQ, Lin L, Wei P, Ledesma-Amaro R, Ji XJ. Engineering Yarrowia lipolytica to Produce Tailored Chain-Length Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:2564-2577. [DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian-Qiong Shi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kindom
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
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24
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Valorization of Low-Cost Substrates for the Production of Odd Chain Fatty Acids by the Oleaginous Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8060284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Odd-chain fatty acids (OCFAs) have recently gained interest as target compounds in microbial production due to their diverse applications in the medical, pharmaceutical and chemical industries for the production of biofuels. Yarrowia lipolytica is a promising oleaginous yeast that has the ability to accumulate high quantities of fatty acids. However, the use of Y. lipolytica oils is still under research, in order to decrease the production costs related to the fermentation process and improve economic feasibility. In this work, sugar beet molasses (10–50 g/L) and crude glycerol (30 g/L) were used as the main carbon sources to reduce the processing costs of oil production from a genetically engineered Y. lipolytica strain. The effects of medium composition were studied on biomass production, lipid content, and OCFAs profile. Lipid production by yeast growing on molasses (20 g/L sucrose) and crude glycerol reached 4.63 ± 0.95 g/L of culture medium. OCFAs content represented 58% of the total fatty acids in lipids, which corresponds to ≈2.69 ± 0.03 g/L of culture medium. The fermentation was upscaled to 5 L bioreactors and fed-batch co-feeding increased OCFA accumulation in Y. lipolytica by 56% compared to batch cultures.
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Guo Y, Su L, Liu Q, Zhu Y, Dai Z, Wang Q. Dissecting carbon metabolism of Yarrowia lipolytica type strain W29 using genome-scale metabolic modelling. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:2503-2511. [PMID: 35664225 PMCID: PMC9136261 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica is a widely-used chassis cell in biotechnological applications. It has recently gained extensive research interest owing to its extraordinary ability of producing industrially valuable biochemicals from a variety of carbon sources. Genome-scale metabolic models (GSMMs) enable analyses of cellular metabolism for engineering various industrial hosts. In the present study, we developed a high-quality GSMM iYli21 for Y. lipolytica type strain W29 by extensive manual curation with Biolog experimental data. The model showed a high accuracy of 85.7% in predicting nutrient utilization. Transcriptomics data were integrated to delineate cellular metabolism of utilizing six individual metabolites as sole carbon sources. Comparisons showed that 302 reactions were commonly used, including those from TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and purine metabolism for energy and material supply. Whereas glycolytic reactions were employed only when glucose and glycerol used as sole carbon sources, gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation reactions were specifically employed when fatty acid, alkane and glycerolipid were the sole carbon sources. Further test of 46 substrates for generating 5 products showed that hexanoate outcompeted other compounds in terms of maximum theoretical yield owing to the lowest carbon loss for energy supply. This newly generated model iYli21 will be a valuable tool in dissecting metabolic mechanism and guiding metabolic engineering of this important industrial cell factory.
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Liu X, Cui Z, Su T, Lu X, Hou J, Qi Q. Identification of genome integration sites for developing a CRISPR-based gene expression toolkit in Yarrowia lipolytica. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2223-2234. [PMID: 35436041 PMCID: PMC9328735 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of synthetic biology, the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has become an attractive microorganism for chemical production. To better optimize and reroute metabolic pathways, we have expanded the CRISPR‐based gene expression toolkit of Y. lipolytica. By sorting the integration sites associated with high expression, new neutral integration sites associated with high expression and high integration efficiency were identified. Diverse genetic components, including promoters and terminators, were also characterized to expand the expression range. We found that in addition to promoters, the newly characterized terminators exhibited large variations in gene expression. These genetic components and integration sites were then used to regulate genes involved in the lycopene biosynthesis pathway, and different levels of lycopene production were achieved. The CRISPR‐based gene expression toolkit developed in this study will facilitate the genetic engineering of Y. lipolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zhiyong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Tianyuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xuemei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Qingsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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A Temporal Evolution Perspective of Lipase Production by Yarrowia lipolytica in Solid-State Fermentation. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipases are enzymes that, in aqueous or non-aqueous media, act on water-insoluble substrates, mainly catalyzing reactions on carboxyl ester bonds, such as hydrolysis, aminolysis, and (trans)esterification. Yarrowia lipolytica is a non-conventional yeast known for secreting lipases and other bioproducts; therefore, it is of great interest in various industrial fields. The production of lipases can be carried on solid-state fermentation (SSF) that utilizes solid substrates in the absence, or near absence, of free water and presents minimal problems with microbial contamination due to the low water contents in the medium. Moreover, SSF offers high volumetric productivity, targets concentrated compounds, high substrate concentration tolerance, and has less wastewater generation. In this sense, the present work provides a temporal evolution perspective regarding the main aspects of lipase production in SSF by Y. lipolytica, focusing on the most relevant aspects and presenting the potential of such an approach.
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Abstract
The oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has emerged as a powerful alternative for biolipid production due to its high capacity for lipid accumulation. Genetic engineering and synthetic biology are promoted forward to improve production and reroute metabolism for high-value compound synthesis. In this context, efficient, modular, and high-throughput compatible cloning and expression system are required to speed up and rationalize research in this field. Here, we present the fast and modular Golden Gate cloning strategy for the construction of multigene expression vectors and their transformation into Y. lipolytica. As an example, we used the heterologous expression of the carotenoid pathway by cloning three genes involved in this pathway in only one vector allowing reaching production of β-carotene after a single transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Larroude
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Marc Nicaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Tristan Rossignol
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Wang G, Olofsson-Dolk M, Hansson FG, Donati S, Li X, Chang H, Cheng J, Dahlin J, Borodina I. Engineering Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica for Methanol Assimilation. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:3537-3550. [PMID: 34797975 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conferring methylotrophy on industrial microorganisms would enable the production of diverse products from one-carbon feedstocks and contribute to establishing a low-carbon society. Rebuilding methylotrophs, however, requires a thorough metabolic refactoring and is highly challenging. Only recently was synthetic methylotrophy achieved in model microorganisms─Escherichia coli and baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we have engineered industrially important yeast Yarrowia lipolytica to assimilate methanol. Through rationally constructing a chimeric assimilation pathway, rewiring the native metabolism for improved precursor supply, and laboratory evolution, we improved the methanol assimilation from undetectable to a level of 1.1 g/L per 72 h and enabled methanol-supported cellular maintenance. By transcriptomic analysis, we further found that fine-tuning of methanol assimilation and ribulose monophosphate/xylulose monophosphate (RuMP/XuMP) regeneration and strengthening formate dehydrogenation and the serine pathway were beneficial for methanol assimilation. This work paves the way for creating synthetic methylotrophic yeast cell factories for low-carbon economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guokun Wang
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Mattis Olofsson-Dolk
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Frederik Gleerup Hansson
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Stefano Donati
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jonathan Dahlin
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Irina Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
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Brink DP, Borgström C, Persson VC, Ofuji Osiro K, Gorwa-Grauslund MF. D-Xylose Sensing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Insights from D-Glucose Signaling and Native D-Xylose Utilizers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12410. [PMID: 34830296 PMCID: PMC8625115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extension of the substrate range is among one of the metabolic engineering goals for microorganisms used in biotechnological processes because it enables the use of a wide range of raw materials as substrates. One of the most prominent examples is the engineering of baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the utilization of d-xylose, a five-carbon sugar found in high abundance in lignocellulosic biomass and a key substrate to achieve good process economy in chemical production from renewable and non-edible plant feedstocks. Despite many excellent engineering strategies that have allowed recombinant S. cerevisiae to ferment d-xylose to ethanol at high yields, the consumption rate of d-xylose is still significantly lower than that of its preferred sugar d-glucose. In mixed d-glucose/d-xylose cultivations, d-xylose is only utilized after d-glucose depletion, which leads to prolonged process times and added costs. Due to this limitation, the response on d-xylose in the native sugar signaling pathways has emerged as a promising next-level engineering target. Here we review the current status of the knowledge of the response of S. cerevisiae signaling pathways to d-xylose. To do this, we first summarize the response of the native sensing and signaling pathways in S. cerevisiae to d-glucose (the preferred sugar of the yeast). Using the d-glucose case as a point of reference, we then proceed to discuss the known signaling response to d-xylose in S. cerevisiae and current attempts of improving the response by signaling engineering using native targets and synthetic (non-native) regulatory circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Brink
- Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; (C.B.); (V.C.P.); (K.O.O.)
| | - Celina Borgström
- Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; (C.B.); (V.C.P.); (K.O.O.)
- BioZone Centre for Applied Bioscience and Bioengineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Viktor C. Persson
- Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; (C.B.); (V.C.P.); (K.O.O.)
| | - Karen Ofuji Osiro
- Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; (C.B.); (V.C.P.); (K.O.O.)
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasília 70770-901, DF, Brazil
| | - Marie F. Gorwa-Grauslund
- Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; (C.B.); (V.C.P.); (K.O.O.)
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Larroude M, Nicaud J, Rossignol T. Yarrowia lipolytica chassis strains engineered to produce aromatic amino acids via the shikimate pathway. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:2420-2434. [PMID: 33438818 PMCID: PMC8601196 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica is widely used as a microbial producer of lipids and lipid derivatives. Here, we exploited this yeast's potential to generate aromatic amino acids by developing chassis strains optimized for the production of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. We engineered the shikimate pathway to overexpress a combination of Y. lipolytica and heterologous feedback-insensitive enzyme variants. Our best chassis strain displayed high levels of de novo Ehrlich metabolite production (up to 0.14 g l-1 in minimal growth medium), which represented a 93-fold increase compared to the wild-type strain (0.0015 g l-1 ). Production was further boosted to 0.48 g l-1 when glycerol, a low-cost carbon source, was used, concomitantly to high secretion of phenylalanine precursor (1 g l-1 ). Among these metabolites, 2-phenylethanol is of particular interest due to its rose-like flavour. We also established a production pathway for generating protodeoxyviolaceinic acid, a dye derived from tryptophan, in a chassis strain optimized for chorismate, the precursor of tryptophan. We have thus demonstrated that Y. lipolytica can serve as a platform for the sustainable de novo bio-production of high-value aromatic compounds, and we have greatly improved our understanding of the potential feedback-based regulation of the shikimate pathway in this yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Larroude
- Université Paris‐Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute78350Jouy‐en‐JosasFrance
| | - Jean‐Marc Nicaud
- Université Paris‐Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute78350Jouy‐en‐JosasFrance
| | - Tristan Rossignol
- Université Paris‐Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute78350Jouy‐en‐JosasFrance
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32
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Teleky BE, Vodnar DC. Recent Advances in Biotechnological Itaconic Acid Production, and Application for a Sustainable Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3574. [PMID: 34685333 PMCID: PMC8539575 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense research has been conducted to produce environmentally friendly biopolymers obtained from renewable feedstock to substitute fossil-based materials. This is an essential aspect for implementing the circular bioeconomy strategy, expressly declared by the European Commission in 2018 in terms of "repair, reuse, and recycling". Competent carbon-neutral alternatives are renewable biomass waste for chemical element production, with proficient recyclability properties. Itaconic acid (IA) is a valuable platform chemical integrated into the first 12 building block compounds the achievement of which is feasible from renewable biomass or bio-wastes (agricultural, food by-products, or municipal organic waste) in conformity with the US Department of Energy. IA is primarily obtained through fermentation with Aspergillus terreus, but nowadays several microorganisms are genetically engineered to produce this organic acid in high quantities and on different substrates. Given its trifunctional structure, IA allows the synthesis of various novel biopolymers, such as drug carriers, intelligent food packaging, antimicrobial biopolymers, hydrogels in water treatment and analysis, and superabsorbent polymers binding agents. In addition, IA shows antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activity. Moreover, this biopolymer retains qualities like environmental effectiveness, biocompatibility, and sustainability. This manuscript aims to address the production of IA from renewable sources to create a sustainable circular economy in the future. Moreover, being an essential monomer in polymer synthesis it possesses a continuous provocation in the biopolymer chemistry domain and technologies, as defined in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette-Emőke Teleky
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăstur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Sun T, Yu Y, Wang K, Ledesma-Amaro R, Ji XJ. Engineering Yarrowia lipolytica to produce fuels and chemicals from xylose: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125484. [PMID: 34320765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The production of chemicals and fuels from lignocellulosic biomass has great potential industrial applications due to its economic feasibility and environmental attractiveness. However, the utilized microorganisms must be able to use all the sugars present in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, especially xylose, the second most plentiful monosaccharide on earth. Yarrowia lipolytica is a good candidate for producing various valuable products from biomass, but this yeast is unable to catabolize xylose efficiently. The development of metabolic engineering facilitated the application of Y. lipolytica as a platform for the bioconversion of xylose into various value-added products. Here, we reviewed the research progress on natural xylose-utilization pathways and their reconstruction in Y. lipolytica. The progress and emerging trends in metabolic engineering of Y. lipolytica for producing chemicals and fuels are further introduced. Finally, challenges and future perspectives of using lignocellulosic hydrolysate as substrate for Y. lipolytica are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizi Yu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaifeng Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China.
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Gottardi D, Siroli L, Vannini L, Patrignani F, Lanciotti R. Recovery and valorization of agri-food wastes and by-products using the non-conventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Soong YHV, Zhao L, Liu N, Yu P, Lopez C, Olson A, Wong HW, Shao Z, Xie D. Microbial synthesis of wax esters. Metab Eng 2021; 67:428-442. [PMID: 34391890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbial synthesis of wax esters (WE) from low-cost renewable and sustainable feedstocks is a promising path to achieve cost-effectiveness in biomanufacturing. WE are industrially high-value molecules, which are widely used for applications in chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Since the natural WE resources are limited, the WE production mostly rely on chemical synthesis from rather expensive starting materials, and therefore solution are sought from development of efficient microbial cell factories. Here we report to engineer the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica and bacterium Escherichia coli to produce WE at the highest level up to date. First, the key genes encoding fatty acyl-CoA reductases and wax ester synthase from different sources were investigated, and the expression system for two different Y. lipolytica hosts were compared and optimized for enhanced WE production and the strain stability. To improve the metabolic pathway efficiency, different carbon sources including glucose, free fatty acid, soybean oil, and waste cooking oil (WCO) were compared, and the corresponding pathway engineering strategies were optimized. It was found that using a lipid substrate such as WCO to replace glucose led to a 60-fold increase in WE production. The engineered yeast was able to produce 7.6 g/L WE with a yield of 0.31 (g/g) from WCO within 120 h and the produced WE contributed to 57% of the yeast DCW. After that, E. coli BL21(DE3), with a faster growth rate than the yeast, was engineered to significantly improve the WE production rate. Optimization of the expression system and the substrate feeding strategies led to production of 3.7-4.0 g/L WE within 40 h in a 1-L bioreactor. The predominant intracellular WE produced by both Y. lipolytica and E. coli in the presence of hydrophobic substrates as sole carbon sources were C36, C34 and C32, in an order of decreasing abundance and with a large proportion being unsaturated. This work paved the way for the biomanufacturing of WE at a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hue Valerie Soong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Le Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, NSF Engineering Research Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Carmen Lopez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, NSF Engineering Research Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Andrew Olson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Hsi-Wu Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Zengyi Shao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, NSF Engineering Research Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Dongming Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.
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Abstract
With the discovery of Western blotting as first described by Towbin et al. in 1979, the transfer and visualization of electrophoretically separated proteins on membranes has become the de facto method for the qualitative and quantitative detection of proteins of interest. In this method, proteins are resolved by electrophoresis on a polyacrylamide gel, followed by a transfer of the separated proteins onto a nitrocellulose or polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) membrane. Once immobilized on these membranes, the protein of interest can be detected and visualized by exploiting antigen-antibody interactions. However, not all proteins are amenable to easy detection by Western blotting. Integral membrane proteins are a class of proteins that are attached to a biological membrane through a series of transmembrane segments that span the width of the membrane. Due to the inherent hydrophobicity of these proteins and their tendency to aggregate, the characterization and detection of these proteins can be challenging. In this methods chapter, we present a protocol for the easy detection and quantification of these proteins in the industrially important oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. The first protocol describes a Western blotting procedure to quantify soluble cytosolic proteins of interest in Yarrowia lipolytica from its total cell lysate. The second protocol describes modifications to the first that are done to enhance detection and quantification of membrane-bound proteins in Yarrowia lipolytica from its total cell lysate, without the need for isolating the membrane-bound proteins, for use in Western blotting. The immunoblotting strategies described here should serve as an efficient and simple guide to quantify both cytosolic and the intractable membrane-bound proteins in Yarrowia lipolytica.
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37
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Liu N, Stephanopoulos G. Metabolic Engineering Perspectives. Metab Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527823468.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Yarrowia lipolytica Strains and Their Biotechnological Applications: How Natural Biodiversity and Metabolic Engineering Could Contribute to Cell Factories Improvement. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7070548. [PMID: 34356927 PMCID: PMC8307478 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among non-conventional yeasts of industrial interest, the dimorphic oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica appears as one of the most attractive for a large range of white biotechnology applications, from heterologous proteins secretion to cell factories process development. The past, present and potential applications of wild-type, traditionally improved or genetically modified Yarrowia lipolytica strains will be resumed, together with the wide array of molecular tools now available to genetically engineer and metabolically remodel this yeast. The present review will also provide a detailed description of Yarrowia lipolytica strains and highlight the natural biodiversity of this yeast, a subject little touched upon in most previous reviews. This work intends to fill this gap by retracing the genealogy of the main Yarrowia lipolytica strains of industrial interest, by illustrating the search for new genetic backgrounds and by providing data about the main publicly available strains in yeast collections worldwide. At last, it will focus on exemplifying how advances in engineering tools can leverage a better biotechnological exploitation of the natural biodiversity of Yarrowia lipolytica and of other yeasts from the Yarrowia clade.
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Zhou L, Xu Z, Wen Z, Lu M, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Jin M. Combined adaptive evolution and transcriptomic profiles reveal aromatic aldehydes tolerance mechanisms in Yarrowia lipolytica. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 329:124910. [PMID: 33677424 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica is an efficient oleaginous yeast, whereas its activity is typically reduced by inhibitors present in lignocellulosic hydrolysate. Understanding the response mechanism of Y. lipolytica to hydrolysate inhibitors and developing inhibitor tolerant strains are vital to lignocellulose valorization by this promising species. In this study, through adaptive laboratory evolution on three representative aromatic aldehyde inhibitors, evolved strains were obtained. Fermentation phenotype suggested that aromatic aldehydes conversion was one main reason for high tolerance of adapted strains. Transcriptome profiling analysis and reverse metabolic engineering confirmed that overexpressing the aldehyde ketone reductase gene YALI0_B07117g and aldehyde dehydrogenase gene YALI0_B01298g effectively converted aromatic aldehyde to corresponding alcohols and acids. The potential degradation pathways for aromatic aldehyde inhibitors in Y. lipolytica XYL+ were then discussed. This study provided insights to the aromatic aldehyde degradation in Y. lipolytica and a reliable basis for the development of aromatic aldehyde tolerant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhou
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Zhaoxian Xu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wen
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Minrui Lu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Zedi Wang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Huarong Zhou
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Mingjie Jin
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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Kang D, Shoaie S, Jacquiod S, Sørensen SJ, Ledesma-Amaro R. Comparative Genomics Analysis of Keratin-Degrading Chryseobacterium Species Reveals Their Keratinolytic Potential for Secondary Metabolite Production. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051042. [PMID: 34066089 PMCID: PMC8151938 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A promising keratin-degrading strain from the genus Chryseobacterium (Chryseobacterium sp. KMC2) was investigated using comparative genomic tools against three publicly available reference genomes to reveal the keratinolytic potential for biosynthesis of valuable secondary metabolites. Genomic features and metabolic potential of four species were compared, showing genomic differences but similar functional categories. Eleven different secondary metabolite gene clusters of interest were mined from the four genomes successfully, including five common ones shared across all genomes. Among the common metabolites, we identified gene clusters involved in biosynthesis of flexirubin-type pigment, microviridin, and siderophore, showing remarkable conservation across the four genomes. Unique secondary metabolite gene clusters were also discovered, for example, ladderane from Chryseobacterium sp. KMC2. Additionally, this study provides a more comprehensive understanding of the potential metabolic pathways of keratin utilization in Chryseobacterium sp. KMC2, with the involvement of amino acid metabolism, TCA cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, propanoate metabolism, and sulfate reduction. This work uncovers the biosynthesis of secondary metabolite gene clusters from four keratinolytic Chryseobacterium species and shades lights on the keratinolytic potential of Chryseobacterium sp. KMC2 from a genome-mining perspective, can provide alternatives to valorize keratinous materials into high-value bioactive natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingrong Kang
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, Lodon SE1 9RT, UK;
- TERRA Research and Teaching Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions (MiPI), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (R.L-A.)
| | - Saeed Shoaie
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, Lodon SE1 9RT, UK;
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 17 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samuel Jacquiod
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Søren J. Sørensen
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (R.L-A.)
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Chattopadhyay A, Maiti MK. Lipid production by oleaginous yeasts. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 116:1-98. [PMID: 34353502 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial lipid production has been studied extensively for years; however, lipid metabolic engineering in many of the extraordinarily high lipid-accumulating yeasts was impeded by inadequate understanding of the metabolic pathways including regulatory mechanisms defining their oleaginicity and the limited genetic tools available. The aim of this review is to highlight the prominent oleaginous yeast genera, emphasizing their oleaginous characteristics, in conjunction with diverse other features such as cheap carbon source utilization, withstanding the effect of inhibitory compounds, commercially favorable fatty acid composition-all supporting their future development as economically viable lipid feedstock. The unique aspects of metabolism attributing to their oleaginicity are accentuated in the pretext of outlining the various strategies successfully implemented to improve the production of lipid and lipid-derived metabolites. A large number of in silico data generated on the lipid accumulation in certain oleaginous yeasts have been carefully curated, as suggestive evidences in line with the exceptional oleaginicity of these organisms. The different genetic elements developed in these yeasts to execute such strategies have been scrupulously inspected, underlining the major types of newly-found and synthetically constructed promoters, transcription terminators, and selection markers. Additionally, there is a plethora of advanced genetic toolboxes and techniques described, which have been successfully used in oleaginous yeasts in the recent years, promoting homologous recombination, genome editing, DNA assembly, and transformation at remarkable efficiencies. They can accelerate and effectively guide the rational designing of system-wide metabolic engineering approaches pinpointing the key targets for developing industrially suitable yeast strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atrayee Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Mrinal K Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
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Monteiro de Oliveira P, Aborneva D, Bonturi N, Lahtvee PJ. Screening and Growth Characterization of Non-conventional Yeasts in a Hemicellulosic Hydrolysate. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:659472. [PMID: 33996782 PMCID: PMC8116571 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.659472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive raw material for the sustainable production of chemicals and materials using microbial cell factories. Most of the existing bioprocesses focus on second-generation ethanol production using genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae, however, this microorganism is naturally unable to consume xylose. Moreover, extensive metabolic engineering has to be carried out to achieve high production levels of industrially relevant building blocks. Hence, the use of non-Saccharomyces species, or non-conventional yeasts, bearing native metabolic routes, allows conversion of a wide range of substrates into different products, and higher tolerance to inhibitors improves the efficiency of biorefineries. In this study, nine non-conventional yeast strains were selected and screened on a diluted hemicellulosic hydrolysate from Birch. Kluyveromyces marxianus CBS 6556, Scheffersomyces stipitis CBS 5773, Lipomyces starkeyi DSM 70295, and Rhodotorula toruloides CCT 7815 were selected for further characterization, where their growth and substrate consumption patterns were analyzed under industrially relevant substrate concentrations and controlled environmental conditions in bioreactors. K. marxianus CBS 6556 performed poorly under higher hydrolysate concentrations, although this yeast was determined among the fastest-growing yeasts on diluted hydrolysate. S. stipitis CBS 5773 demonstrated a low growth and biomass production while consuming glucose, while during the xylose-phase, the specific growth and sugar co-consumption rates were among the highest of this study (0.17 h–1 and 0.37 g/gdw*h, respectively). L. starkeyi DSM 70295 and R. toruloides CCT 7815 were the fastest to consume the provided sugars at high hydrolysate conditions, finishing them within 54 and 30 h, respectively. R. toruloides CCT 7815 performed the best of all four studied strains and tested conditions, showing the highest specific growth (0.23 h–1), substrate co-consumption (0.73 ± 0.02 g/gdw*h), and xylose consumption (0.22 g/gdw*h) rates. Furthermore, R. toruloides CCT 7815 was able to produce 10.95 ± 1.37 gL–1 and 1.72 ± 0.04 mgL–1 of lipids and carotenoids, respectively, under non-optimized cultivation conditions. The study provides novel information on selecting suitable host strains for biorefinery processes, provides detailed information on substrate consumption patterns, and pinpoints to bottlenecks possible to address using metabolic engineering or adaptive evolution experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daria Aborneva
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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43
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Cui Z, Zheng H, Jiang Z, Wang Z, Hou J, Wang Q, Liang Q, Qi Q. Identification and Characterization of the Mitochondrial Replication Origin for Stable and Episomal Expression in Yarrowia lipolytica. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:826-835. [PMID: 33739103 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Episomal plasmids are crucial expression tools for recombinant protein production and genome editing. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2-μm artificial plasmids with a high copy number have been developed and used in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. However, in unconventional yeasts such as Yarrowia lipolytica, episomal expression relies on a chromosome replication system; this system has the disadvantages of genetic instability and low copy numbers. In this study, we identified and characterized replication origins from the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Y. lipolytica. A 516-bp mtDNA sequence, mtORI, was confirmed to mediate the autonomous replication of circular plasmids with high protein expression levels and hereditary stability. However, the nonhomologous end-joining pathway could interfere with mtORI plasmid replication and engender genetic heterogeneity. In the Po 1f ΔKu70 strain, the homogeneity of the mtORI plasmid was significantly improved, and the highest copy number reached 5.0 per cell. Overall, mitochondrial-origin sequences can be used to establish highly stable and autonomously replicating plasmids, which can be a powerful supplement to the current synthetic biology tool library and promote the development of Y. lipolytica as a microbial cell factory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Huihui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Zhennan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Zhaoxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Jin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Quanfeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Qingsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China
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Zhang L, Nie MY, Liu F, Chen J, Wei LJ, Hua Q. Multiple gene integration to promote erythritol production on glycerol in Yarrowia lipolytica. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1277-1287. [PMID: 33797654 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Erythritol (1,2,3,4-butanetetrol) is a 4-carbon sugar alcohol that occurs in nature as a metabolite or storage compound. In this study, a multiple gene integration strategy was employed to enhance erythritol production in Y. lipolytica. RESULTS The effects on the production of erythritol in Y. lipolytica of seven key genes involved in the erythritol synthesis pathway were evaluated individually, among which transketolase (TKL1) and transaldolase (TAL1) showed important roles in enhancing erythritol production. The combined overexpression of four genes (GUT1, TPI1, TKL1, TAL1) and disruption of the EYD1 gene (encoding erythritol dehydrogenase), resulted in produce approximately 40 g/L erythritol production from glycerol. Further enhanced erythritol synthesis was obtained by overexpressing the RKI1 gene (encoding ribose 5-phosphate isomerase) and the AMPD gene (encoding AMP deaminase), indicating for the first time that these two genes are also related to the enhancement of erythritol production in Y. lipolytica. CONCLUSIONS A combined gene overexpression strategy was developed to efficiently improve the production of erythritol in Y. lipolytica, suggesting a great capacity and promising potential of this non-conventional yeast in converting glycerol into erythritol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yue Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu-Jing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
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45
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Park BG, Kim J, Kim EJ, Kim Y, Kim J, Kim JY, Kim BG. Application of Random Mutagenesis and Synthetic FadR Promoter for de novo Production of ω-Hydroxy Fatty Acid in Yarrowia lipolytica. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:624838. [PMID: 33692989 PMCID: PMC7937803 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.624838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a means to develop oleaginous biorefinery, Yarrowia lipolytica was utilized to produce ω-hydroxy palmitic acid from glucose using evolutionary metabolic engineering and synthetic FadR promoters for cytochrome P450 (CYP) expression. First, a base strain was constructed to produce free fatty acids (FFAs) from glucose using metabolic engineering strategies. Subsequently, through ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced random mutagenesis and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) screening, improved FFA overproducers were screened. Additionally, synthetic promoters containing bacterial FadR binding sequences for CYP expression were designed to respond to the surge of the concentration of FFAs to activate the ω-hydroxylating pathway, resulting in increased transcriptional activity by 14 times from the third day of culture compared to the first day. Then, endogenous alk5 was screened and expressed using the synthetic FadR promoter in the developed strain for the production of ω-hydroxy palmitic acid. By implementing the synthetic FadR promoter, cell growth and production phases could be efficiently decoupled. Finally, in batch fermentation, we demonstrated de novo production of 160 mg/L of ω-hydroxy palmitic acid using FmeN3-TR1-alk5 in nitrogen-limited media. This study presents an excellent example of the production of ω-hydroxy fatty acids using synthetic promoters with bacterial transcriptional regulator (i.e., FadR) binding sequences in oleaginous yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Gi Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junyeob Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yechan Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joonwon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Gee Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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46
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Stable isotope and chemical inhibition analyses suggested the existence of a non-mevalonate-like pathway in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5598. [PMID: 33692450 PMCID: PMC7970925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Methyl erythritol phosphate (MEP) is the metabolite found in the MEP pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis, which is known to be utilized by plants, algae, and bacteria. In this study, an unprecedented observation was found in the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, in which one of the chromatographic peaks was annotated as MEP when cultivated in the nitrogen limiting condition. This finding raised an interesting hypothesis of whether Y. lipolytica utilizes the MEP pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis or not, because there is no report of yeast harboring the MEP pathway. Three independent approaches were used to investigate the existence of the MEP pathway in Y. lipolytica; the spiking of the authentic standard, the MEP pathway inhibitor, and the 13C labeling incorporation analysis. The study suggested that the mevalonate and MEP pathways co-exist in Y. lipolytica and the nitrogen limiting condition triggers the utilization of the MEP pathway in Y. lipolytica.
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Li ZJ, Wang YZ, Wang LR, Shi TQ, Sun XM, Huang H. Advanced Strategies for the Synthesis of Terpenoids in Yarrowia lipolytica. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2367-2381. [PMID: 33595318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids are an important class of secondary metabolites that play an important role in food, agriculture, and other fields. Microorganisms are rapidly emerging as a promising source for the production of terpenoids. As an oleaginous yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica contains a high lipid content which indicates that it must produce high amounts of acetyl-CoA, a necessary precursor for the biosynthesis of terpenoids. Y. lipolytica has a complete eukaryotic mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway but it has not yet seen commercial use due to its low productivity. Several metabolic engineering strategies have been developed to improve the terpenoids production of Y. lipolytica, including developing the orthogonal pathway for terpenoid synthesis, increasing the catalytic efficiency of terpenoids synthases, enhancing the supply of acetyl-CoA and NADPH, expressing rate-limiting genes, and modifying the branched pathway. Moreover, most of the acetyl-CoA is used to produce lipid, so it is an effective strategy to strike a balance of precursor distribution by rewiring the lipid biosynthesis pathway. Lastly, the latest developed non-homologous end-joining strategy for improving terpenoid production is introduced. This review summarizes the status and metabolic engineering strategies of terpenoids biosynthesis in Y. lipolytica and proposes new insights to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jia Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zhou Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ru Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Qiong Shi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Man Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Mamaev D, Zvyagilskaya R. Yarrowia lipolytica: a multitalented yeast species of ecological significance. FEMS Yeast Res 2021; 21:6141120. [PMID: 33595651 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica is characterized by GRAS (Generally regarded as safe) status, the versatile substrate utilization profile, rapid utilization rates, metabolic diversity and flexibility, the unique abilities to tolerate to extreme environments (acidic, alkaline, hypersaline, heavy metal-pollutions and others) and elevated biosynthesis and secreting capacities. These advantages of Y. lipolytica allow us to consider it as having great ecological significance. Unfortunately, there is still a paucity of relevant review data. This mini-review highlights ecological ubiquity of Y. lipolytica species, their ability to diversify and colonize specialized niches. Different Y. lipolytica strains, native and engineered, are beneficial in degrading many environmental pollutants causing serious ecological problems worldwide. In agriculture has a potential to be a bio-control agent by stimulating plant defense response, and an eco-friendly bio-fertilizer. Engineered strains of Y. lipolytica have become a very promising platform for eco-friendly production of biofuel, commodities, chemicals and secondary metabolites of plant origin, obtaining which by other method were limited or economically infeasible, or were accompanied by stringent environmental problems. Perspectives to use potential of Y. lipolytica's capacities for industrial scale production of valuable compounds in an eco-friendly manner are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Mamaev
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russian Federation
| | - Renata Zvyagilskaya
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russian Federation
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do Nascimento FV, de Castro AM, Secchi AR, Coelho MAZ. Insights into media supplementation in solid-state fermentation of soybean hulls by Yarrowia lipolytica: Impact on lipase production in tray and insulated packed-bed bioreactors. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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Celińska E, Nicaud JM, Białas W. Hydrolytic secretome engineering in Yarrowia lipolytica for consolidated bioprocessing on polysaccharide resources: review on starch, cellulose, xylan, and inulin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:975-989. [PMID: 33447867 PMCID: PMC7843476 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) featuring concomitant hydrolysis of renewable substrates and microbial conversion into value-added biomolecules is considered to bring substantial benefits to the overall process efficiency. The biggest challenge in developing an economically feasible CBP process is identification of bifunctional biocatalyst merging the ability to utilize the substrate and convert it to value-added product with high efficiency. Yarrowia lipolytica is known for its exceptional performance in hydrophobic substrates assimilation and storage. On the other hand, its capacity to grow on plant-derived biomass is strongly limited. Still, its high potential to simultaneously overproduce several secretory proteins makes Y. lipolytica a platform of choice for expanding its substrate range to complex polysaccharides by engineering its hydrolytic secretome. This review provides an overview of different genetic engineering strategies advancing development of Y. lipolytica strains able to grow on the following four complex polysaccharides: starch, cellulose, xylan, and inulin. Much attention has been paid to genome mining studies uncovering native potential of this species to assimilate untypical sugars, as in many cases it turns out that dormant pathways are present in Y. lipolytica's genome. In addition, the magnitude of the economic gain by CBP processing is here discussed and supported with adequate calculations based on simulated process models. KEY POINTS: • The mini-review updates the knowledge on polysaccharide-utilizing Yarrowia lipolytica. • Insight into molecular bases founding new biochemical qualities is provided. • Model industrial processes were simulated and the associated costs were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Celińska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jean-Marc Nicaud
- Micalis Institute, INRAE-AgroParisTech, UMR1319, Team BIMLip: Integrative Metabolism of Microbial Lipids, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Wojciech Białas
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627, Poznań, Poland
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