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Dima DC, Janarthanan S, Culham JC, Mohsenzadeh Y. Shared representations of human actions across vision and language. Neuropsychologia 2024; 202:108962. [PMID: 39047974 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Humans can recognize and communicate about many actions performed by others. How are actions organized in the mind, and is this organization shared across vision and language? We collected similarity judgments of human actions depicted through naturalistic videos and sentences, and tested four models of action categorization, defining actions at different levels of abstraction ranging from specific (action verb) to broad (action target: whether an action is directed towards an object, another person, or the self). The similarity judgments reflected a shared organization of action representations across videos and sentences, determined mainly by the target of actions, even after accounting for other semantic features. Furthermore, language model embeddings predicted the behavioral similarity of action videos and sentences, and captured information about the target of actions alongside unique semantic information. Together, our results show that action concepts are similarly organized in the mind across vision and language, and that this organization reflects socially relevant goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Dima
- Dept of Computer Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Jody C Culham
- Dept of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yalda Mohsenzadeh
- Dept of Computer Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Lesourd M, Martin J, Hague S, Laroze M, Clément G, Comte A, Medeiros de Bustos E, Fargeix G, Magnin E, Moulin T. Organization of conceptual tool knowledge following left and right brain lesions: Evidence from neuropsychological dissociations and multivariate disconnectome symptom mapping. Brain Cogn 2024; 181:106210. [PMID: 39217817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to better understand the organization of conceptual tool knowledge following stroke. We explored specifically the link between manipulation kinematics and manipulation hand posture; and the link between manipulation kinematics and function relations in left brain-damaged (n = 30) and right brain-damaged (n = 30) patients. We examined the performance of brain-damaged patients in conceptual tool tasks using neuropsychological dissociations and disconnectome symptom mapping. Our results suggest that manipulation kinematics is more impaired than function relations, following left or right brain lesions. We also observed that manipulation kinematics and manipulation hand posture are dissociable dimensions but are still highly interrelated, particularly in left brain-damaged patients. We also found that the corpus callosum and bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus are involved in action and semantic tool knowledge following left brain lesions. Our results provide evidence that the right hemisphere contains conceptual tool representations. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms supporting the cognitive recovery of conceptual tool knowledge. An emerging hypothesis is that the right hemisphere may support functional recovery through interhemispheric transfer following a left hemisphere stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Lesourd
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR INSERM 1322 LINC, F-25000, Besançon, France; Université de Franche-Comté, CNRS, UAR 3124 MSHE, Besançon, France; Unité de Neurologie Vasculaire (UNV) et Hôpital de jour (HDJ), Service de Neurologie, CHRU de Besançon, France.
| | - Julie Martin
- Unité de Neurologie Vasculaire (UNV) et Hôpital de jour (HDJ), Service de Neurologie, CHRU de Besançon, France; Centre Mémoire Ressources et Recherche (CMRR), Service de Neurologie, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Sébastien Hague
- Unité de Neurologie Vasculaire (UNV) et Hôpital de jour (HDJ), Service de Neurologie, CHRU de Besançon, France
| | - Margolise Laroze
- Unité de Neurologie Vasculaire (UNV) et Hôpital de jour (HDJ), Service de Neurologie, CHRU de Besançon, France
| | - Gautier Clément
- Centre Mémoire Ressources et Recherche (CMRR), Service de Neurologie, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Alexandre Comte
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR INSERM 1322 LINC, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | | | - Guillaume Fargeix
- Unité de Neurologie Vasculaire (UNV) et Hôpital de jour (HDJ), Service de Neurologie, CHRU de Besançon, France
| | - Eloi Magnin
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR INSERM 1322 LINC, F-25000, Besançon, France; Centre Mémoire Ressources et Recherche (CMRR), Service de Neurologie, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Thierry Moulin
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR INSERM 1322 LINC, F-25000, Besançon, France; Unité de Neurologie Vasculaire (UNV) et Hôpital de jour (HDJ), Service de Neurologie, CHRU de Besançon, France
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3
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El Rassi Y, Handjaras G, Perciballi C, Leo A, Papale P, Corbetta M, Ricciardi E, Betti V. A visual representation of the hand in the resting somatomotor regions of the human brain. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18298. [PMID: 39112629 PMCID: PMC11306329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hand visibility affects motor control, perception, and attention, as visual information is integrated into an internal model of somatomotor control. Spontaneous brain activity, i.e., at rest, in the absence of an active task, is correlated among somatomotor regions that are jointly activated during motor tasks. Recent studies suggest that spontaneous activity patterns not only replay task activation patterns but also maintain a model of the body's and environment's statistical regularities (priors), which may be used to predict upcoming behavior. Here, we test whether spontaneous activity in the human somatomotor cortex as measured using fMRI is modulated by visual stimuli that display hands vs. non-hand stimuli and by the use/action they represent. A multivariate pattern analysis was performed to examine the similarity between spontaneous activity patterns and task-evoked patterns to the presentation of natural hands, robot hands, gloves, or control stimuli (food). In the left somatomotor cortex, we observed a stronger (multivoxel) spatial correlation between resting state activity and natural hand picture patterns compared to other stimuli. No task-rest similarity was found in the visual cortex. Spontaneous activity patterns in somatomotor brain regions code for the visual representation of human hands and their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara El Rassi
- IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, 55100, Lucca, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Leo
- IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, 55100, Lucca, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and Advanced Technologies, In Medicine and Surgery - University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Papale
- IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, 55100, Lucca, Italy
- Department of Vision & Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurizio Corbetta
- Department of Neuroscience and Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Viviana Betti
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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4
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Lahner B, Dwivedi K, Iamshchinina P, Graumann M, Lascelles A, Roig G, Gifford AT, Pan B, Jin S, Ratan Murty NA, Kay K, Oliva A, Cichy R. Modeling short visual events through the BOLD moments video fMRI dataset and metadata. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6241. [PMID: 39048577 PMCID: PMC11269733 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50310-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Studying the neural basis of human dynamic visual perception requires extensive experimental data to evaluate the large swathes of functionally diverse brain neural networks driven by perceiving visual events. Here, we introduce the BOLD Moments Dataset (BMD), a repository of whole-brain fMRI responses to over 1000 short (3 s) naturalistic video clips of visual events across ten human subjects. We use the videos' extensive metadata to show how the brain represents word- and sentence-level descriptions of visual events and identify correlates of video memorability scores extending into the parietal cortex. Furthermore, we reveal a match in hierarchical processing between cortical regions of interest and video-computable deep neural networks, and we showcase that BMD successfully captures temporal dynamics of visual events at second resolution. With its rich metadata, BMD offers new perspectives and accelerates research on the human brain basis of visual event perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lahner
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Kshitij Dwivedi
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Polina Iamshchinina
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Graumann
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alex Lascelles
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gemma Roig
- Department of Computer Science, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- The Hessian Center for AI (hessian.AI), Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Bowen Pan
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - SouYoung Jin
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - N Apurva Ratan Murty
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kendrick Kay
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Aude Oliva
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Radoslaw Cichy
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Metaireau M, Osiurak F, Seye A, Lesourd M. The neural correlates of limb apraxia: An anatomical likelihood estimation meta-analysis of lesion-symptom mapping studies in brain-damaged patients. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105720. [PMID: 38754714 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Limb apraxia is a motor disorder frequently observed following a stroke. Apraxic deficits are classically assessed with four tasks: tool use, pantomime of tool use, imitation, and gesture understanding. These tasks are supported by several cognitive processes represented in a left-lateralized brain network including inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobe (IPL), and lateral occipito-temporal cortex (LOTC). For the past twenty years, voxel-wise lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) studies have been used to unravel the neural correlates associated with apraxia, but none of them has proposed a comprehensive view of the topic. In the present work, we proposed to fill this gap by performing a systematic Anatomic Likelihood Estimation meta-analysis of VLSM studies which included tasks traditionally used to assess apraxia. We found that the IPL was crucial for all the tasks. Moreover, lesions within the LOTC were more associated with imitation deficits than tool use or pantomime, confirming its important role in higher visual processing. Our results questioned traditional neurocognitive models on apraxia and may have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilien Metaireau
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR INSERM 1322, LINC, Besançon F-25000, France; Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement (UAR 3124), Besançon, France.
| | - François Osiurak
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université Lyon 2, Bron, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Arthur Seye
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université Lyon 2, Bron, France
| | - Mathieu Lesourd
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR INSERM 1322, LINC, Besançon F-25000, France; Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement (UAR 3124), Besançon, France; Unité de Neurologie Vasculaire, CHU Besançon, France.
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Zhu H, Ge Y, Bratch A, Yuille A, Kay K, Kersten D. Natural scenes reveal diverse representations of 2D and 3D body pose in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317707121. [PMID: 38830105 PMCID: PMC11181088 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317707121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Human pose, defined as the spatial relationships between body parts, carries instrumental information supporting the understanding of motion and action of a person. A substantial body of previous work has identified cortical areas responsive to images of bodies and different body parts. However, the neural basis underlying the visual perception of body part relationships has received less attention. To broaden our understanding of body perception, we analyzed high-resolution fMRI responses to a wide range of poses from over 4,000 complex natural scenes. Using ground-truth annotations and an application of three-dimensional (3D) pose reconstruction algorithms, we compared similarity patterns of cortical activity with similarity patterns built from human pose models with different levels of depth availability and viewpoint dependency. Targeting the challenge of explaining variance in complex natural image responses with interpretable models, we achieved statistically significant correlations between pose models and cortical activity patterns (though performance levels are substantially lower than the noise ceiling). We found that the 3D view-independent pose model, compared with two-dimensional models, better captures the activation from distinct cortical areas, including the right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS). These areas, together with other pose-selective regions in the LOTC, form a broader, distributed cortical network with greater view-tolerance in more anterior patches. We interpret these findings in light of the computational complexity of natural body images, the wide range of visual tasks supported by pose structures, and possible shared principles for view-invariant processing between articulated objects and ordinary, rigid objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Zhu
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21218
| | - Yijun Ge
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
- Laboratory for Consciousness, Riken Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama3510198, Japan
| | - Alexander Bratch
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Alan Yuille
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21218
| | - Kendrick Kay
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Daniel Kersten
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
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7
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Mahon BZ, Almeida J. Reciprocal interactions among parietal and occipito-temporal representations support everyday object-directed actions. Neuropsychologia 2024; 198:108841. [PMID: 38430962 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Everyday interactions with common manipulable objects require the integration of conceptual knowledge about objects and actions with real-time sensory information about the position, orientation and volumetric structure of the grasp target. The ability to successfully interact with everyday objects involves analysis of visual form and shape, surface texture, material properties, conceptual attributes such as identity, function and typical context, and visuomotor processing supporting hand transport, grasp form, and object manipulation. Functionally separable brain regions across the dorsal and ventral visual pathways support the processing of these different object properties and, in cohort, are necessary for functional object use. Object-directed grasps display end-state-comfort: they anticipate in form and force the shape and material properties of the grasp target, and how the object will be manipulated after it is grasped. End-state-comfort is the default for everyday interactions with manipulable objects and implies integration of information across the ventral and dorsal visual pathways. We propose a model of how visuomotor and action representations in parietal cortex interact with object representations in ventral and lateral occipito-temporal cortex. One pathway, from the supramarginal gyrus to the middle and inferior temporal gyrus, supports the integration of action-related information, including hand and limb position (supramarginal gyrus) with conceptual attributes and an appreciation of the action goal (middle temporal gyrus). A second pathway, from posterior IPS to the fusiform gyrus and collateral sulcus supports the integration of grasp parameters (IPS) with the surface texture and material properties (e.g., weight distribution) of the grasp target. Reciprocal interactions among these regions are part of a broader network of regions that support everyday functional object interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford Z Mahon
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, USA; Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA.
| | - Jorge Almeida
- Proaction Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CINEICC, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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8
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Mazurchuk S, Fernandino L, Tong JQ, Conant LL, Binder JR. The neural representation of body part concepts. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae213. [PMID: 38863113 PMCID: PMC11166504 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies provide evidence for a degree of category-related organization of conceptual knowledge in the brain. Some of this evidence indicates that body part concepts are distinctly represented from other categories; yet, the neural correlates and mechanisms underlying these dissociations are unclear. We expand on the limited prior data by measuring functional magnetic resonance imaging responses induced by body part words and performing a series of analyses investigating the cortical representation of this semantic category. Across voxel-level contrasts, pattern classification, representational similarity analysis, and vertex-wise encoding analyses, we find converging evidence that the posterior middle temporal gyrus, the supramarginal gyrus, and the ventral premotor cortex in the left hemisphere play important roles in the preferential representation of this category compared to other concrete objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Mazurchuk
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Leonardo Fernandino
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Jia-Qing Tong
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Lisa L Conant
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Binder
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
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Karlsson EM, Carey DP. Hemispheric asymmetry of hand and tool perception in left- and right-handers with known language dominance. Neuropsychologia 2024; 196:108837. [PMID: 38428518 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Regions in the brain that are selective for images of hands and tools have been suggested to be lateralised to the left hemisphere of right-handed individuals. In left-handers, many functions related to tool use or tool pantomime may also depend more on the left hemisphere. This result seems surprising, given that the dominant hand of these individuals is controlled by the right hemisphere. One explanation is that the left hemisphere is dominant for speech and language in the majority of left-handers, suggesting a supraordinate control system for complex motor sequencing that is required for skilled tool use, as well as for speech. In the present study, we examine if this left-hemispheric specialisation extends to perception of hands and tools in left- and right-handed individuals. We, crucially, also include a group of left-handers with right-hemispheric language dominance to examine their asymmetry biases. The results suggest that tools lateralise to the left hemisphere in most right-handed individuals with left-hemispheric language dominance. Tools also lateralise to the language dominant hemisphere in right-hemispheric language dominant left-handers, but the result for left-hemispheric language dominant left-handers are more varied, and no clear bias towards one hemisphere is found. Hands did not show a group-level asymmetry pattern in any of the groups. These results suggest a more complex picture regarding hemispheric overlap of hand and tool representations, and that visual appearance of tools may be driven in part by both language dominance and the hemisphere which controls the motor-dominant hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Karlsson
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Sport Science, Bangor University, Bangor, UK; Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - David P Carey
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Sport Science, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
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10
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Walbrin J, Downing PE, Sotero FD, Almeida J. Characterizing the discriminability of visual categorical information in strongly connected voxels. Neuropsychologia 2024; 195:108815. [PMID: 38311112 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Functional brain responses are strongly influenced by connectivity. Recently, we demonstrated a major example of this: category discriminability within occipitotemporal cortex (OTC) is enhanced for voxel sets that share strong functional connectivity to distal brain areas, relative to those that share lesser connectivity. That is, within OTC regions, sets of 'most-connected' voxels show improved multivoxel pattern discriminability for tool-, face-, and place stimuli relative to voxels with weaker connectivity to the wider brain. However, understanding whether these effects generalize to other domains (e.g. body perception network), and across different levels of the visual processing streams (e.g. dorsal as well as ventral stream areas) is an important extension of this work. Here, we show that this so-called connectivity-guided decoding (CGD) effect broadly generalizes across a wide range of categories (tools, faces, bodies, hands, places). This effect is robust across dorsal stream areas, but less consistent in earlier ventral stream areas. In the latter regions, category discriminability is generally very high, suggesting that extraction of category-relevant visual properties is less reliant on connectivity to downstream areas. Further, CGD effects are primarily expressed in a category-specific manner: For example, within the network of tool regions, discriminability of tool information is greater than non-tool information. The connectivity-guided decoding approach shown here provides a novel demonstration of the crucial relationship between wider brain connectivity and complex local-level functional responses at different levels of the visual processing streams. Further, this approach generates testable new hypotheses about the relationships between connectivity and local selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Walbrin
- Proaction Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CINEICC, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Paul E Downing
- School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales
| | - Filipa Dourado Sotero
- Proaction Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CINEICC, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Almeida
- Proaction Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CINEICC, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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11
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Wang X, Chen Q, Liu Y, Sun J, Li J, Zhao P, Cai L, Liu W, Yang Z, Wang Z, Lv H. Causal relationship between multiparameter brain MRI phenotypes and age: evidence from Mendelian randomization. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae077. [PMID: 38529357 PMCID: PMC10963122 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the causal relationship between age and brain health (cortical atrophy, white matter integrity, white matter hyperintensities and cerebral microbleeds in various brain regions) related multiparameter imaging features using two-sample Mendelian randomization. Age was determined as chronological age of the subject. Cortical volume, white matter micro-integrity, white matter hyperintensity volume and cerebral microbleeds of each brain region were included as phenotypes for brain health. Age and imaging of brain health related genetic data were analysed to determine the causal relationship using inverse-variance weighted model, validated by heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy variables. Age is causally related to increased volumes of white matter hyperintensities (β = 0.151). For white matter micro-integrity, fibres of the inferior cerebellar peduncle (axial diffusivity β = -0.128, orientation dispersion index β = 0.173), cerebral peduncle (axial diffusivity β = -0.136), superior fronto-occipital fasciculus (isotropic volume fraction β = 0.163) and fibres within the limbic system were causally deteriorated. We also detected decreased cortical thickness of multiple frontal and temporal regions (P < 0.05). Microbleeds were not related with aging (P > 0.05). Aging is a threat of brain health, leading to cortical atrophy mainly in the frontal lobes, as well as the white matter degeneration especially abnormal hyperintensity and deteriorated white matter integrity around the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghao Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Linkun Cai
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100089, China
- Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Zhenghan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhenchang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Han Lv
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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12
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Monaco S, Menghi N, Crawford JD. Action-specific feature processing in the human cortex: An fMRI study. Neuropsychologia 2024; 194:108773. [PMID: 38142960 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Sensorimotor integration involves feedforward and reentrant processing of sensory input. Grasp-related motor activity precedes and is thought to influence visual object processing. Yet, while the importance of reentrant feedback is well established in perception, the top-down modulations for action and the neural circuits involved in this process have received less attention. Do action-specific intentions influence the processing of visual information in the human cortex? Using a cue-separation fMRI paradigm, we found that action-specific instruction processing (manual alignment vs. grasp) became apparent only after the visual presentation of oriented stimuli, and occurred as early as in the primary visual cortex and extended to the dorsal visual stream, motor and premotor areas. Further, dorsal stream area aIPS, known to be involved in object manipulation, and the primary visual cortex showed task-related functional connectivity with frontal, parietal and temporal areas, consistent with the idea that reentrant feedback from dorsal and ventral visual stream areas modifies visual inputs to prepare for action. Importantly, both the task-dependent modulations and connections were linked specifically to the object presentation phase of the task, suggesting a role in processing the action goal. Our results show that intended manual actions have an early, pervasive, and differential influence on the cortical processing of vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Monaco
- CIMeC - Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto (TN), Italy.
| | - Nicholas Menghi
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Douglas Crawford
- Center for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada; Vision: Science to Applications (VISTA) Program, Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program and Departments of Psychology, Biology, and Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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13
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Kabulska Z, Zhuang T, Lingnau A. Overlapping representations of observed actions and action-related features. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26605. [PMID: 38379447 PMCID: PMC10879913 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC) has been shown to capture the representational structure of a smaller range of actions. In the current study, we carried out an fMRI experiment in which we presented human participants with images depicting 100 different actions and used representational similarity analysis (RSA) to determine which brain regions capture the semantic action space established using judgments of action similarity. Moreover, to determine the contribution of a wide range of action-related features to the neural representation of the semantic action space we constructed an action feature model on the basis of ratings of 44 different features. We found that the semantic action space model and the action feature model are best captured by overlapping activation patterns in bilateral LOTC and ventral occipitotemporal cortex (VOTC). An RSA on eight dimensions resulting from principal component analysis carried out on the action feature model revealed partly overlapping representations within bilateral LOTC, VOTC, and the parietal lobe. Our results suggest spatially overlapping representations of the semantic action space of a wide range of actions and the corresponding action-related features. Together, our results add to our understanding of the kind of representations along the LOTC that support action understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Kabulska
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Chair of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Tonghe Zhuang
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Chair of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Angelika Lingnau
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Chair of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
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14
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Küçük E, Pitcher D. Visual neuroscience: A brain area tuned for processing social interactions. Curr Biol 2024; 34:R53-R55. [PMID: 38262357 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Socialising with others is part of everyday life. A new study demonstrates that a brain area specialised for visual body perception is attuned to processing social interactions between two people. Intriguingly, this area is lateralised in the left hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Küçük
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - David Pitcher
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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15
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Gandolfo M, Abassi E, Balgova E, Downing PE, Papeo L, Koldewyn K. Converging evidence that left extrastriate body area supports visual sensitivity to social interactions. Curr Biol 2024; 34:343-351.e5. [PMID: 38181794 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Navigating our complex social world requires processing the interactions we observe. Recent psychophysical and neuroimaging studies provide parallel evidence that the human visual system may be attuned to efficiently perceive dyadic interactions. This work implies, but has not yet demonstrated, that activity in body-selective cortical regions causally supports efficient visual perception of interactions. We adopt a multi-method approach to close this important gap. First, using a large fMRI dataset (n = 92), we found that the left hemisphere extrastriate body area (EBA) responds more to face-to-face than non-facing dyads. Second, we replicated a behavioral marker of visual sensitivity to interactions: categorization of facing dyads is more impaired by inversion than non-facing dyads. Third, in a pre-registered experiment, we used fMRI-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation to show that online stimulation of the left EBA, but not a nearby control region, abolishes this selective inversion effect. Activity in left EBA, thus, causally supports the efficient perception of social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gandolfo
- Donders Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525GD, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor LL572AS, Gwynedd, UK.
| | - Etienne Abassi
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives, Marc Jeannerod, Lyon 69500, France
| | - Eva Balgova
- Department of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor LL572AS, Gwynedd, UK; Department of Psychology, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3UX, Ceredigion, UK
| | - Paul E Downing
- Department of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor LL572AS, Gwynedd, UK
| | - Liuba Papeo
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives, Marc Jeannerod, Lyon 69500, France
| | - Kami Koldewyn
- Department of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor LL572AS, Gwynedd, UK.
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16
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Simon SS, Varangis E, Lee S, Gu Y, Gazes Y, Razlighi QR, Habeck C, Stern Y. In vivo tau is associated with change in memory and processing speed, but not reasoning, in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 133:28-38. [PMID: 38376885 PMCID: PMC10879688 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The relationship between tau deposition and cognitive decline in cognitively healthy older adults is still unclear. The tau PET tracer 18F-MK-6240 has shown favorable imaging characteristics to identify early tau deposition in aging. We evaluated the relationship between in vivo tau levels (18F-MK-6240) and retrospective cognitive change over 5 years in episodic memory, processing speed, and reasoning. For tau quantification, a set of regions of interest (ROIs) was selected a priori based on previous literature: (1) total-ROI comprising selected areas, (2) medial temporal lobe-ROI, and (3) lateral temporal lobe-ROI and cingulate/parietal lobe-ROI. Higher tau burden in most ROIs was associated with a steeper decline in memory and speed. There were no associations between tau and reasoning change. The novelty of this finding is that tau burden may affect not only episodic memory, a well-established finding but also processing speed. Our finding reinforces the notion that early tau deposition in areas related to Alzheimer's disease is associated with cognitive decline in cognitively unimpaired individuals, even in a sample with low amyloid-β pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Sanz Simon
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eleanna Varangis
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yian Gu
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yunglin Gazes
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Christian Habeck
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
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17
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Przybylski L, Kroliczak G. The functional organization of skilled actions in the adextral and atypical brain. Neuropsychologia 2023; 191:108735. [PMID: 37984793 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
When planning functional grasps of tools, right-handed individuals (dextrals) show mostly left-lateralized neural activity in the praxis representation network (PRN), regardless of the used hand. Here we studied whether or not similar cerebral asymmetries are evident in non-righthanded individuals (adextrals). Sixty two participants, 28 righthanders and 34 non-righthanders (21 lefthanders, 13 mixedhanders), planned functional grasps of tools vs. grasps of control objects, and subsequently performed their pantomimed executions, in an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) project. Both hands were tested, separately in two different sessions, counterbalanced across participants. After accounting for non-functional components of the prospective grasp, planning functional grasps of tools was associated with greater engagement of the same, left-hemisphere occipito-temporal, parietal and frontal areas of PRN, regardless of hand and handedness. Only when the analyses involved signal changes referenced to resting baseline intervals, differences between adextrals and dextrals emerged. Whereas in the left hemisphere the neural activity was equivalent in both groups (except for the occipito-temporo-parietal junction), its increases in the right occipito-temporal cortex, medial intraparietal sulcus (area MIP), the supramarginal gyrus (area PFt/PF), and middle frontal gyrus (area p9-46v) were significantly greater in adextrals. The inverse contrast was empty. Notably, when individuals with atypical and typical hemispheric phenotypes were directly compared, planning functional (vs. control) grasps invoked, instead, significant clusters located nearly exclusively in the left hemisphere of the typical phenotype. Previous studies interpret similar right-sided vs. left-sided increases in neural activity for skilled actions as handedness dependent, i.e., located in the hemisphere dominant for manual skills. Yet, none of the effects observed here can be purely handedness dependent because there were mixed-handed individuals among adextrals, and numerous mixed-handed and left-handed individuals possess the typical phenotype. Thus, our results clearly show that hand dominance has limited power in driving the cerebral organization of motor cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Przybylski
- Action & Cognition Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Gregory Kroliczak
- Action & Cognition Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland; Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
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18
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Dilek B, Yildirim E, Hanoglu L. Low frequency oscillations during hand laterality judgment task with and without personal perspectives: a preliminary study. Cogn Neurodyn 2023; 17:1447-1461. [PMID: 37974585 PMCID: PMC10640502 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-023-09974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sense of personal perspective is crucial for understanding in attentional mechanisms of the perception in "self" or "other's" body. In a hand laterality judgment (HLJ) task, perception of perspective can be assessed by arranging angular orientations and depths of images. A total of 11 healthy, right-handed participants (8 females, mean age: 38.36 years, education: 14 years) were included in the study. The purpose of this study was to investigate behavioural and cortical responses in low-frequency cortical rhythms during a HLJ task. A total of 80-visual hand stimuli were presented through the experiment. Hand visuals were categorized in the way of side (right vs. left) and perspective (1st vs. 3rd personal perspective). Both behavioural outcomes and brain oscillatory characteristics (i.e., frequency and amplitude) of the Electroencephalography were analysed. All reaction time and incorrect answers for 3rd person perspective were higher than the ones for 1st person perspective. Location effect was statistically significant in event-related theta responses confirming the dominant activity of theta frequency in spatial memory tasks on parietal and occipital areas. In addition, we found there were increasing in delta power and phase in hand visuals with 1st person perspective and increasing theta phase in hand visuals with 3rd person perspective (p < 0.05). Accordingly, a clear dissociation in the perception of perspectives in low-frequency bands was revealed. These different cortical strategy in the perception of hand visual with and without perspectives may be interpreted as delta activity may be related in self-body perception, whereas theta activity may be related in allocentric perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Dilek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Occupational Therapy, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Yildirim
- Vocational School, Program of Electroneurophysiology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lutfu Hanoglu
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Zhuang T, Kabulska Z, Lingnau A. The Representation of Observed Actions at the Subordinate, Basic, and Superordinate Level. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8219-8230. [PMID: 37798129 PMCID: PMC10697398 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0700-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Actions can be planned and recognized at different hierarchical levels, ranging from very specific (e.g., to swim backstroke) to very broad (e.g., locomotion). Understanding the corresponding neural representation is an important prerequisite to reveal how our brain flexibly assigns meaning to the world around us. To address this question, we conducted an event-related fMRI study in male and female human participants in which we examined distinct representations of observed actions at the subordinate, basic and superordinate level. Using multiple regression representational similarity analysis (RSA) in predefined regions of interest, we found that the three different taxonomic levels were best captured by patterns of activations in bilateral lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC), showing the highest similarity with the basic level model. A whole-brain multiple regression RSA revealed that information unique to the basic level was captured by patterns of activation in dorsal and ventral portions of the LOTC and in parietal regions. By contrast, the unique information for the subordinate level was limited to bilateral occipitotemporal cortex, while no single cluster was obtained that captured unique information for the superordinate level. The behaviorally established action space was best captured by patterns of activation in the LOTC and superior parietal cortex, and the corresponding neural patterns of activation showed the highest similarity with patterns of activation corresponding to the basic level model. Together, our results suggest that occipitotemporal cortex shows a preference for the basic level model, with flexible access across the subordinate and the basic level.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The human brain captures information at varying levels of abstraction. It is debated which brain regions host representations across different hierarchical levels, with some studies emphasizing parietal and premotor regions, while other studies highlight the role of the lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC). To shed light on this debate, here we examined the representation of observed actions at the three taxonomic levels suggested by Rosch et al. (1976) Our results highlight the role of the LOTC, which hosts a shared representation across the subordinate and the basic level, with the highest similarity with the basic level model. These results shed new light on the hierarchical organization of observed actions and provide insights into the neural basis underlying the basic level advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghe Zhuang
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Chair of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Zuzanna Kabulska
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Chair of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Angelika Lingnau
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Chair of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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20
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Siestrup S, Schubotz RI. Minor Changes Change Memories: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Behavioral Reflections of Episodic Prediction Errors. J Cogn Neurosci 2023; 35:1823-1845. [PMID: 37677059 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Episodic memories can be modified, a process that is potentially driven by mnemonic prediction errors. In the present study, we used modified cues to induce prediction errors of different episodic relevance. Participants encoded episodes in the form of short toy stories and then returned for an fMRI session on the subsequent day. Here, participants were presented either original episodes or slightly modified versions thereof. Modifications consisted of replacing a single object within the episode and either challenged the gist of an episode (gist modifications) or left it intact (surface modifications). On the next day, participants completed a post-fMRI memory test that probed memories for originally encoded episodes. Both types of modifications triggered brain activation in regions we previously found to be involved in the processing of content-based mnemonic prediction errors (i.e., the exchange of an object). Specifically, these were ventrolateral pFC, intraparietal cortex, and lateral occipitotemporal cortex. In addition, gist modifications triggered pronounced brain responses, whereas those for surface modification were only significant in the right inferior frontal sulcus. Processing of gist modifications also involved the posterior temporal cortex and the precuneus. Interestingly, our findings confirmed the posterior hippocampal role of detail processing in episodic memory, as evidenced by increased posterior hippocampal activity for surface modifications compared with gist modifications. In the post-fMRI memory test, previous experience with surface modified, but not gist-modified episodes, increased erroneous acceptance of the same modified versions as originally encoded. Whereas surface-level prediction errors might increase uncertainty and facilitate confusion of alternative episode representations, gist-level prediction errors seem to trigger the clear distinction of independent episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Siestrup
- University of Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Ricarda I Schubotz
- University of Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany
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21
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Wang Z, Zou J, Zhang L, Ning J, Zhang X, Jiang B, Liang Y, Zhang Y. The impact of early adversity on the cerebral cortex - a Mendelian randomization study. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1283159. [PMID: 37965215 PMCID: PMC10641447 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1283159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The early adversity is associated with a series of negative outcomes in adulthood, and the impact on the cerebral cortex may be one of the fundamental causes of these adverse consequences in adulthood. In this study, we aim to investigate the causal relationship between early adversity and changes in cerebral cortex structure using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods The GWAS summary statistics of 6 early adversity traits were obtained from individuals of European ancestry in the UK Biobank. The GWAS summary statistics of 34 known functional cortical regions were obtained from the ENIGMA Consortium. Causal relationships between the adversity factors and brain cortical structure were assessed using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median methods, with IVW being the primary evaluation method. Cochran's Q-test, MR-PRESSO, leave-one-out analysis, and funnel plot examination were employed to detect potential heterogeneity and pleiotropy, as well as to identify and exclude outliers. Results At a global level, no causal relationship was found between early adversity and cortical thickness (TH) or surface area (SA) of the brain. However, at the regional level, early adversity was found to potentially influence the TH of the caudal anterior cingulate, superior temporal, entorhinal, paracentral, lateral occipital, banks of the superior temporal sulcus, and supramarginal regions, as well as the SA of the pars triangularis, lateral occipital, parahippocampal, medial orbitofrontal, and isthmus cingulate regions. All findings were nominally significant and passed sensitivity analyses, with no significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy detected. Discussion Our study provides evidence for the association between early adversity and alterations in brain cortical structure, which may serve as a foundation for certain mental disorders. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) might be considered as a promising tool to aid healthcare professionals in identifying individuals with a history of adverse experiences, allowing for early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Zou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Le Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinghua Ning
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Bei Jiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from West Yunnan (Cultivation), Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, TMDT-MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuzhe Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
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22
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Yin M, Lee EJ. Planet earth calling: unveiling the brain's response to awe and driving eco-friendly consumption. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1251685. [PMID: 37849890 PMCID: PMC10577226 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1251685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Eco-friendly consumption is important for solving climate crisis and moving humanity toward a better future. However, few consumers are willing to pay premiums for eco-friendly products. We investigated the psychological and neural factors that can increase eco-friendly consumption. We propose an experience of awe, in which the individual self is temporarily attenuated as the importance of beings other than oneself increases. Behavioral (Study 1) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI; Study 2) experiments were conducted to explore the awe mechanisms through which climate crisis messages lead to eco-friendly consumption. In Study 1, we found participants felt awe when exposed to climate crisis messages, and their choice of eco-friendly consumption increased. In Study 2, we found that when individuals were exposed to messages depicting the climate crisis (as opposed to a control stimulus), their brains exhibited a lower level of activation in the self-awareness processing and a higher level of activation in external attention processing areas. These results suggest that the awe experience plays an important role in promoting eco-friendly consumption. Marketing must evolve from satisfying basic individual needs to a high level for the well-being of humanity, the planet, and the biosphere. This study sheds light on our understanding of human perceptions of the climate crisis and suggests an effective communication strategy to increase individuals' eco-friendly actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Yin
- Business School, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Lee
- Business School, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Neuro Intelligence Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23
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Garcea FE, Buxbaum LJ. Mechanisms and neuroanatomy of response selection in tool and non-tool action tasks: Evidence from left-hemisphere stroke. Cortex 2023; 167:335-350. [PMID: 37598647 PMCID: PMC10543550 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The ability to select between potential actions is central to the complex process of tool use. After left hemisphere stroke, individuals with limb apraxia make more hand action errors when gesturing the use of tools with conflicting hand actions for grasping-to-move and use (e.g., screwdriver) relative to tools that are grasped-to-move and used with the same hand action (e.g., hammer). Prior research indicates that this grasp-use interference effect is driven by abnormalities in the competitive action selection process. The goal of this project was to determine whether common mechanisms and neural substrates support the competitive selection of task-appropriate responses in both tool and non-tool domains. If so, the grasp-use interference effect in a tool use gesturing task should be correlated with response interference effects in the classic Eriksen flanker and Simon tasks, and at least partly overlapping neural regions should subserve the 3 tasks. Sixty-four left hemisphere stroke survivors (33 with apraxia) participated in the tool- and non-tool interference tasks and underwent T1 anatomical MRI. There were robust grasp-use interference effects (grasp-use conflict test) and response interference effects (Eriksen flanker and Simon tasks), but these effects were not correlated. Lesion-symptom mapping analyses showed that lesions to the left inferior parietal lobule, ventral premotor cortex, and insula were associated with grasp-use interference. Lesions to the left inferior parietal lobule, postcentral gyrus, insula, caudate, and putamen were associated with response interference in the Eriksen flanker task. Lesions to the left caudate and putamen were also associated with response interference in the Simon task. Our results suggest that the selection of hand posture for tool use is mediated by distinct cognitive mechanisms and partly distinct neuroanatomic substrates from those mapping a stimulus to an appropriate motor response in non-tool domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank E Garcea
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Laurel J Buxbaum
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, PA, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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24
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Dove G. Concepts require flexible grounding. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2023; 245:105322. [PMID: 37713771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Research on semantic memory has a problem. On the one hand, a robust body of evidence implicates sensorimotor regions in conceptual processing. On the other hand, a different body of evidence implicates a modality independent semantic system. The standard solution to this tension is to posit a hub-and-spoke system with modality independent hubs and modality specific spokes. In this paper, I argue in support of an alternative view of grounding which remains committed to neural reenactment but emphasizes the multimodal and multilevel nature of the semantic system. This view is built upon the recognition that abstraction is a design feature of concepts. Semantic memory employs hierarchically structured representations to capture different degrees of abstraction. Grounding does not work the way that many embodied approaches have assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Dove
- Department of Philosophy, University of Louisville, United States.
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25
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Almeida J, Fracasso A, Kristensen S, Valério D, Bergström F, Chakravarthi R, Tal Z, Walbrin J. Neural and behavioral signatures of the multidimensionality of manipulable object processing. Commun Biol 2023; 6:940. [PMID: 37709924 PMCID: PMC10502059 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how we recognize objects requires unravelling the variables that govern the way we think about objects and the neural organization of object representations. A tenable hypothesis is that the organization of object knowledge follows key object-related dimensions. Here, we explored, behaviorally and neurally, the multidimensionality of object processing. We focused on within-domain object information as a proxy for the decisions we typically engage in our daily lives - e.g., identifying a hammer in the context of other tools. We extracted object-related dimensions from subjective human judgments on a set of manipulable objects. We show that the extracted dimensions are cognitively interpretable and relevant - i.e., participants are able to consistently label them, and these dimensions can guide object categorization; and are important for the neural organization of knowledge - i.e., they predict neural signals elicited by manipulable objects. This shows that multidimensionality is a hallmark of the organization of manipulable object knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Almeida
- Proaction Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- CINEICC, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Alessio Fracasso
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stephanie Kristensen
- Proaction Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CINEICC, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Valério
- Proaction Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CINEICC, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fredrik Bergström
- Proaction Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CINEICC, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Zohar Tal
- Proaction Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CINEICC, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jonathan Walbrin
- Proaction Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CINEICC, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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26
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Moreau Q, Parrotta E, Pesci UG, Era V, Candidi M. Early categorization of social affordances during the visual encoding of bodily stimuli. Neuroimage 2023; 274:120151. [PMID: 37191657 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal interactions rely on various communication channels, both verbal and non-verbal, through which information regarding one's intentions and emotions are perceived. Here, we investigated the neural correlates underlying the visual processing of hand postures conveying social affordances (i.e., hand-shaking), compared to control stimuli such as hands performing non-social actions (i.e., grasping) or showing no movement at all. Combining univariate and multivariate analysis on electroencephalography (EEG) data, our results indicate that occipito-temporal electrodes show early differential processing of stimuli conveying social information compared to non-social ones. First, the amplitude of the Early Posterior Negativity (EPN, an Event-Related Potential related to the perception of body parts) is modulated differently during the perception of social and non-social content carried by hands. Moreover, our multivariate classification analysis (MultiVariate Pattern Analysis - MVPA) expanded the univariate results by revealing early (<200 ms) categorization of social affordances over occipito-parietal sites. In conclusion, we provide new evidence suggesting that the encoding of socially relevant hand gestures is categorized in the early stages of visual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Moreau
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| | - E Parrotta
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - U G Pesci
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - V Era
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - M Candidi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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27
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Zhou M, Gong Z, Dai Y, Wen Y, Liu Y, Zhen Z. A large-scale fMRI dataset for human action recognition. Sci Data 2023; 10:415. [PMID: 37369643 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human action recognition is a critical capability for our survival, allowing us to interact easily with the environment and others in everyday life. Although the neural basis of action recognition has been widely studied using a few action categories from simple contexts as stimuli, how the human brain recognizes diverse human actions in real-world environments still needs to be explored. Here, we present the Human Action Dataset (HAD), a large-scale functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) dataset for human action recognition. HAD contains fMRI responses to 21,600 video clips from 30 participants. The video clips encompass 180 human action categories and offer a comprehensive coverage of complex activities in daily life. We demonstrate that the data are reliable within and across participants and, notably, capture rich representation information of the observed human actions. This extensive dataset, with its vast number of action categories and exemplars, has the potential to deepen our understanding of human action recognition in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhengxin Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuxuan Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yushan Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Youyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zonglei Zhen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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28
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Karakose-Akbiyik S, Caramazza A, Wurm MF. A shared neural code for the physics of actions and object events. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3316. [PMID: 37286553 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Observing others' actions recruits frontoparietal and posterior temporal brain regions - also called the action observation network. It is typically assumed that these regions support recognizing actions of animate entities (e.g., person jumping over a box). However, objects can also participate in events with rich meaning and structure (e.g., ball bouncing over a box). So far, it has not been clarified which brain regions encode information specific to goal-directed actions or more general information that also defines object events. Here, we show a shared neural code for visually presented actions and object events throughout the action observation network. We argue that this neural representation captures the structure and physics of events regardless of animacy. We find that lateral occipitotemporal cortex encodes information about events that is also invariant to stimulus modality. Our results shed light onto the representational profiles of posterior temporal and frontoparietal cortices, and their roles in encoding event information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfonso Caramazza
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Moritz F Wurm
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
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29
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Bu Y, Harrington DL, Lee RR, Shen Q, Angeles-Quinto A, Ji Z, Hansen H, Hernandez-Lucas J, Baumgartner J, Song T, Nichols S, Baker D, Rao R, Lerman I, Lin T, Tu XM, Huang M. Magnetoencephalogram-based brain-computer interface for hand-gesture decoding using deep learning. Cereb Cortex 2023:7161766. [PMID: 37183188 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in deep learning algorithms over the past decade have led to extensive developments in brain-computer interfaces (BCI). A promising imaging modality for BCI is magnetoencephalography (MEG), which is a non-invasive functional imaging technique. The present study developed a MEG sensor-based BCI neural network to decode Rock-Paper-scissors gestures (MEG-RPSnet). Unique preprocessing pipelines in tandem with convolutional neural network deep-learning models accurately classified gestures. On a single-trial basis, we found an average of 85.56% classification accuracy in 12 subjects. Our MEG-RPSnet model outperformed two state-of-the-art neural network architectures for electroencephalogram-based BCI as well as a traditional machine learning method, and demonstrated equivalent and/or better performance than machine learning methods that have employed invasive, electrocorticography-based BCI using the same task. In addition, MEG-RPSnet classification performance using an intra-subject approach outperformed a model that used a cross-subject approach. Remarkably, we also found that when using only central-parietal-occipital regional sensors or occipitotemporal regional sensors, the deep learning model achieved classification performances that were similar to the whole-brain sensor model. The MEG-RSPnet model also distinguished neuronal features of individual hand gestures with very good accuracy. Altogether, these results show that noninvasive MEG-based BCI applications hold promise for future BCI developments in hand-gesture decoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Bu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Deborah L Harrington
- Radiology, Research Services, VA, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Roland R Lee
- Radiology, Research Services, VA, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Qian Shen
- Radiology, Research Services, VA, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Annemarie Angeles-Quinto
- Radiology, Research Services, VA, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhengwei Ji
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hayden Hansen
- Radiology, Research Services, VA, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | | | - Jared Baumgartner
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sharon Nichols
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dewleen Baker
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ramesh Rao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Imanuel Lerman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tuo Lin
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xin Ming Tu
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mingxiong Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Radiology, Research Services, VA, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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30
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Dima DC, Hebart MN, Isik L. A data-driven investigation of human action representations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5171. [PMID: 36997625 PMCID: PMC10063663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding actions performed by others requires us to integrate different types of information about people, scenes, objects, and their interactions. What organizing dimensions does the mind use to make sense of this complex action space? To address this question, we collected intuitive similarity judgments across two large-scale sets of naturalistic videos depicting everyday actions. We used cross-validated sparse non-negative matrix factorization to identify the structure underlying action similarity judgments. A low-dimensional representation, consisting of nine to ten dimensions, was sufficient to accurately reconstruct human similarity judgments. The dimensions were robust to stimulus set perturbations and reproducible in a separate odd-one-out experiment. Human labels mapped these dimensions onto semantic axes relating to food, work, and home life; social axes relating to people and emotions; and one visual axis related to scene setting. While highly interpretable, these dimensions did not share a clear one-to-one correspondence with prior hypotheses of action-relevant dimensions. Together, our results reveal a low-dimensional set of robust and interpretable dimensions that organize intuitive action similarity judgments and highlight the importance of data-driven investigations of behavioral representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Dima
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, Western University, London, Canada.
| | - Martin N Hebart
- Vision and Computational Cognition Group, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leyla Isik
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
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31
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Santavirta S, Karjalainen T, Nazari-Farsani S, Hudson M, Putkinen V, Seppälä K, Sun L, Glerean E, Hirvonen J, Karlsson HK, Nummenmaa L. Functional organization of social perception in the human brain. Neuroimage 2023; 272:120025. [PMID: 36958619 PMCID: PMC10112277 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans rapidly extract diverse and complex information from ongoing social interactions, but the perceptual and neural organization of the different aspects of social perception remains unresolved. We showed short movie clips with rich social content to 97 healthy participants while their haemodynamic brain activity was measured with fMRI. The clips were annotated moment-to-moment for a large set of social features and 45 of the features were evaluated reliably between annotators. Cluster analysis of the social features revealed that 13 dimensions were sufficient for describing the social perceptual space. Three different analysis methods were used to map the social perceptual processes in the human brain. Regression analysis mapped regional neural response profiles for different social dimensions. Multivariate pattern analysis then established the spatial specificity of the responses and intersubject correlation analysis connected social perceptual processing with neural synchronization. The results revealed a gradient in the processing of social information in the brain. Posterior temporal and occipital regions were broadly tuned to most social dimensions and the classifier revealed that these responses showed spatial specificity for social dimensions; in contrast Heschl gyri and parietal areas were also broadly associated with different social signals, yet the spatial patterns of responses did not differentiate social dimensions. Frontal and subcortical regions responded only to a limited number of social dimensions and the spatial response patterns did not differentiate social dimension. Altogether these results highlight the distributed nature of social processing in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severi Santavirta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Tomi Karjalainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sanaz Nazari-Farsani
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Matthew Hudson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Vesa Putkinen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kerttu Seppälä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lihua Sun
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Medical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Henry K Karlsson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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32
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Zhou H, Su C, Wu J, Li J, Lu X, Gong L, Geng F, Gao Z, Hu Y. A domain-general frontoparietal network interacts with domain-preferential intermediate pathways to support working memory task. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2774-2787. [PMID: 35671498 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is essential for cognition, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain elusive. From a hierarchical processing perspective, this paper proposed and tested a hypothesis that a domain-general network at the top of the WM hierarchy can interact with distinct domain-preferential intermediate circuits to support WM. Employing a novel N-back task, we first identified the posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG), middle temporal area (MT), and postcentral gyrus (PoCG) as intermediate regions for biological motion and shape motion processing, respectively. Using further psychophysiological interaction analyses, we delineated a frontal-parietal network (FPN) as the domain-general network. These results were further verified and extended by a delayed match to sample (DMS) task. Although the WM load-dependent and stimulus-free activations during the DMS delay phase confirm the role of FPN as a domain-general network to maintain information, the stimulus-dependent activations within this network during the DMS encoding phase suggest its involvement in the final stage of the hierarchical processing chains. In contrast, the load-dependent activations of intermediate regions in the N-back task highlight their further roles beyond perception in WM tasks. These results provide empirical evidence for a hierarchical processing model of WM and may have significant implications for WM training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Conghui Su
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Jinglan Wu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Jiaofeng Li
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Xiqian Lu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Liangyu Gong
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Fengji Geng
- Department of Curriculum and Learning Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zaifeng Gao
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Yuzheng Hu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007, China
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33
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Yizhar O, Tal Z, Amedi A. Loss of action-related function and connectivity in the blind extrastriate body area. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:973525. [PMID: 36968509 PMCID: PMC10035577 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.973525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Extrastriate Body Area (EBA) participates in the visual perception and motor actions of body parts. We recently showed that EBA’s perceptual function develops independently of visual experience, responding to stimuli with body-part information in a supramodal fashion. However, it is still unclear if the EBA similarly maintains its action-related function. Here, we used fMRI to study motor-evoked responses and connectivity patterns in the congenitally blind brain. We found that, unlike the case of perception, EBA does not develop an action-related response without visual experience. In addition, we show that congenital blindness alters EBA’s connectivity profile in a counterintuitive way—functional connectivity with sensorimotor cortices dramatically decreases, whereas connectivity with perception-related visual occipital cortices remains high. To the best of our knowledge, we show for the first time that action-related functions and connectivity in the visual cortex could be contingent on visuomotor experience. We further discuss the role of the EBA within the context of visuomotor control and predictive coding theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Yizhar
- Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Ivcher School of Psychology, The Institute for Brain, Mind and Technology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
- Research Group Adaptive Memory and Decision Making, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Or Yizhar,
| | - Zohar Tal
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amir Amedi
- Ivcher School of Psychology, The Institute for Brain, Mind and Technology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
- The Ruth & Meir Rosenthal Brain Imaging Center, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
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34
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Yargholi E, Hossein-Zadeh GA, Vaziri-Pashkam M. Two distinct networks containing position-tolerant representations of actions in the human brain. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:1462-1475. [PMID: 35511702 PMCID: PMC10310977 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans can recognize others' actions in the social environment. This action recognition ability is rarely hindered by the movement of people in the environment. The neural basis of this position tolerance for observed actions is not fully understood. Here, we aimed to identify brain regions capable of generalizing representations of actions across different positions and investigate the representational content of these regions. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, participants viewed point-light displays of different human actions. Stimuli were presented in either the upper or the lower visual field. Multivariate pattern analysis and a surface-based searchlight approach were employed to identify brain regions that contain position-tolerant action representation: Classifiers were trained with patterns in response to stimuli presented in one position and were tested with stimuli presented in another position. Results showed above-chance classification in the left and right lateral occipitotemporal cortices, right intraparietal sulcus, and right postcentral gyrus. Further analyses exploring the representational content of these regions showed that responses in the lateral occipitotemporal regions were more related to subjective judgments, while those in the parietal regions were more related to objective measures. These results provide evidence for two networks that contain abstract representations of human actions with distinct representational content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahé Yargholi
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran 1956836484, Iran
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Department of Brain and Cognition, Leuven Brain Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven 3714, Belgium
| | - Gholam-Ali Hossein-Zadeh
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran 1956836484, Iran
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran
| | - Maryam Vaziri-Pashkam
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
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35
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Benetti S, Ferrari A, Pavani F. Multimodal processing in face-to-face interactions: A bridging link between psycholinguistics and sensory neuroscience. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1108354. [PMID: 36816496 PMCID: PMC9932987 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1108354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In face-to-face communication, humans are faced with multiple layers of discontinuous multimodal signals, such as head, face, hand gestures, speech and non-speech sounds, which need to be interpreted as coherent and unified communicative actions. This implies a fundamental computational challenge: optimally binding only signals belonging to the same communicative action while segregating signals that are not connected by the communicative content. How do we achieve such an extraordinary feat, reliably, and efficiently? To address this question, we need to further move the study of human communication beyond speech-centred perspectives and promote a multimodal approach combined with interdisciplinary cooperation. Accordingly, we seek to reconcile two explanatory frameworks recently proposed in psycholinguistics and sensory neuroscience into a neurocognitive model of multimodal face-to-face communication. First, we introduce a psycholinguistic framework that characterises face-to-face communication at three parallel processing levels: multiplex signals, multimodal gestalts and multilevel predictions. Second, we consider the recent proposal of a lateral neural visual pathway specifically dedicated to the dynamic aspects of social perception and reconceive it from a multimodal perspective ("lateral processing pathway"). Third, we reconcile the two frameworks into a neurocognitive model that proposes how multiplex signals, multimodal gestalts, and multilevel predictions may be implemented along the lateral processing pathway. Finally, we advocate a multimodal and multidisciplinary research approach, combining state-of-the-art imaging techniques, computational modelling and artificial intelligence for future empirical testing of our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Benetti
- Centre for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy,Interuniversity Research Centre “Cognition, Language, and Deafness”, CIRCLeS, Catania, Italy,*Correspondence: Stefania Benetti,
| | - Ambra Ferrari
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Francesco Pavani
- Centre for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy,Interuniversity Research Centre “Cognition, Language, and Deafness”, CIRCLeS, Catania, Italy
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McDonough KL, Bach P. Expectations of efficient actions bias social perception: a pre-registered online replication. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:220889. [PMID: 36844804 PMCID: PMC9943882 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Humans take a teleological stance when observing others' actions, interpreting them as intentional and goal directed. In predictive processing accounts of social perception, this teleological stance would be mediated by a perceptual prediction of an ideal energy-efficient reference trajectory with which a rational actor would achieve their goals within the current environmental constraints. Hudson and colleagues (2018 Proc. R. Soc. B 285, 20180638. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.0638)) tested this hypothesis in a series of experiments in which participants reported the perceived disappearance points of hands reaching for objects. They found that these judgements were biased towards the expected efficient reference trajectories. Observed straight reaches were reported higher when an obstacle needed to be overcome than if the path was clear. By contrast, unnecessarily high reaches over empty space were perceptually flattened. Moreover, these perceptual biases increased the more the environmental constraints and expected action trajectories were explicitly processed. These findings provide an important advance to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying social perception. The current replication tests the robustness of these findings and whether they uphold in an online setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L. McDonough
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, King's College, William Guild Building, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Patric Bach
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, King's College, William Guild Building, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK
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Kleineberg NN, Schmidt CC, Richter MK, Bolte K, Schloss N, Fink GR, Weiss PH. Gesture meaning modulates the neural correlates of effector-specific imitation deficits in left hemisphere stroke. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 37:103331. [PMID: 36716655 PMCID: PMC9900453 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies on left hemisphere (LH) stroke patients reported effector-specific (hand, fingers, bucco-facial) differences in imitation performance. Furthermore, imitation performance differed between meaningless (ML) and meaningful (MF) gestures. Recent work suggests that a gesture's meaning impacts the body-part specificity of gesture imitation. METHODS We tested the hypothesis that the gesture's meaning (ML vs MF) affects the lesion correlates of effector-specific imitation deficits (here: bucco-facial vs arm/hand gestures) using behavioural data and support vector regression-based lesion-symptom mapping (SVR-LSM) in a large sample of 194 sub-acute LH stroke patients. RESULTS Behavioural data revealed a significant interaction between the effector used for imitation and the meaning of the imitated gesture. SVR-LSM analyses revealed shared lesion correlates for impaired imitation independent of effector or gesture meaning in the left supramarginal (SMG) and superior temporal gyri (STG). Besides, within the territory of the left middle cerebral artery, impaired imitation of bucco-facial gestures was associated with more anterior lesions, while arm/hand imitation deficits were associated with more posterior lesions. MF gestures were specifically associated with lesions in the left inferior frontal gyrus and the left insular region. Notably, an interaction of effector-specificity and gesture meaning was also present at the lesion level: A more pronounced difference in imitation performance between the effectors for ML (versus MF) gestures was associated with left-hemispheric lesions in the STG, SMG, putamen, precentral gyrus and white matter tracts. CONCLUSION The current behavioural data show that ML gestures are particularly sensitive in assessing effector-specific imitation deficits in LH stroke patients. Moreover, a gesture's meaning modulated the effector-specific lesion correlates of bucco-facial and arm/hand gesture imitation. Hence, it is crucial to consider gesture meaning in apraxia assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina N Kleineberg
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Leo-Brandt-Str. 5, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Claudia C Schmidt
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Leo-Brandt-Str. 5, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Monika K Richter
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Leo-Brandt-Str. 5, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Bolte
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Natalie Schloss
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Leo-Brandt-Str. 5, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter H Weiss
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Leo-Brandt-Str. 5, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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Action Observation Network Activity Related to Object-Directed and Socially-Directed Actions in Adolescents. J Neurosci 2023; 43:125-141. [PMID: 36347621 PMCID: PMC9838701 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1602-20.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The human action observation network (AON) encompasses brain areas consistently engaged when we observe other's actions. Although the core nodes of the AON are present from childhood, it is not known to what extent they are sensitive to different action features during development. Because social cognitive abilities continue to mature during adolescence, the AON response to socially-oriented actions, but not to object-related actions, may differ in adolescents and adults. To test this hypothesis, we scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) male and female typically-developing teenagers (n = 28; 13 females) and adults (n = 25; 14 females) while they passively watched videos of manual actions varying along two dimensions: sociality (i.e., directed toward another person or not) and transitivity (i.e., involving an object or not). We found that action observation recruited the same fronto-parietal and occipito-temporal regions in adults and adolescents. The modulation of voxel-wise activity according to the social or transitive nature of the action was similar in both groups of participants. Multivariate pattern analysis, however, revealed that decoding accuracies in intraparietal sulcus (IPS)/superior parietal lobe (SPL) for both sociality and transitivity were lower for adolescents compared with adults. In addition, in the lateral occipital temporal cortex (LOTC), generalization of decoding across the orthogonal dimension was lower for sociality only in adolescents. These findings indicate that the representation of the content of others' actions, and in particular their social dimension, in the adolescent AON is still not as robust as in adults.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The activity of the action observation network (AON) in the human brain is modulated according to the purpose of the observed action, in particular the extent to which it involves interaction with an object or with another person. How this conceptual representation of actions is implemented during development is largely unknown. Here, using multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, we discovered that, while the action observation network is in place in adolescence, the fine-grain organization of its posterior regions is less robust than in adults to decode the abstract social dimensions of an action. This finding highlights the late maturation of social processing in the human brain.
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Rounis E, Binkofski F. Limb Apraxias: The Influence of Higher Order Perceptual and Semantic Deficits in Motor Recovery After Stroke. Stroke 2023; 54:30-43. [PMID: 36542070 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.037948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Limb apraxia is a group of higher order motor disorders associated with greater disability and dependence after stroke. Original neuropsychology studies distinguished separate brain pathways involved in perception and action, known as the dual stream hypothesis. This framework has allowed a better understanding of the deficits identified in Limb Apraxia. In this review, we propose a hierarchical organization of this disorder, in which a distinction can be made between several visuomotor pathways that lead to purposeful actions. Based on this, executive apraxias (such as limb kinetic apraxia) cause deficits in executing fine motor hand skills, and intermediate apraxias (such as optic ataxia and tactile apraxia) cause deficits in reaching to grasp and manipulating objects in space. These disorders usually affect the contralesional limb. A further set of disorders collectively known as limb apraxias include deficits in gesture imitation, pantomime, gesture recognition, and object use. These deficits are due to deficits in integrating perceptual and semantic information to generate complex movements. Limb apraxias are usually caused by left-hemisphere lesions in right-handed stroke patients, affecting both limbs. The anterior- to posterior-axis of brain areas are disrupted depending on the increasing involvement of perceptual and semantic processes with each condition. Lower-level executive apraxias are linked to lesions in the frontal lobe and the basal ganglia, while intermediate apraxias are linked to lesions in dorso-dorsal subdivisions of the dorsal fronto-parietal networks. Limb apraxias can be caused by lesions in both dorsal and ventral subdivisions including the ventro-dorsal stream and a third visuomotor pathway, involved in body schema and social cognition. Rehabilitation of these disorders with behavioral therapies has aimed to either restore perceptuo-semantic deficits or compensate to overcome these deficits. Further studies are required to better stratify patients, using modern neurophysiology and neuroimaging techniques, to provide targeted and personalized therapies for these disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Rounis
- Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, West Middlesex University Hospital, Isleworth, United Kingdom (E.R.).,MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.R.).,Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (E.R.)
| | - Ferdinand Binkofski
- Division for Clinical Cognitive Sciences, Department of Neurology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany (F.B.).,Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Research Center Juelich GmbH, Germany (F.B.).,Juelich Aachen Research Alliance - JARA, Germany (F.B.)
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40
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Pastore-Wapp M, Gyurkó DM, Vanbellingen T, Lehnick D, Cazzoli D, Pflugshaupt T, Pflugi S, Nyffeler T, Walther S, Bohlhalter S. Improved gesturing in left-hemispheric stroke by right inferior parietal theta burst stimulation. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:998729. [PMID: 36590287 PMCID: PMC9800932 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.998729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Apraxia is a common syndrome of left hemispheric stroke. A parieto-premotor-prefrontal network has been associated with apraxia, in which the left inferior parietal lobe (IPL-L) plays a major role. We hypothesized that transcranial continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) over the right inferior parietal lobe (IPL-R) improves gesturing by reducing its inhibition on the contralateral IPL in left hemispheric stroke patients. It was assumed that this effect is independent of lesion volume and that transcallosal connectivity is predictive for gestural effect after stimulation. Materials and methods Nineteen stroke patients were recruited. Lesion volume and fractional anisotropy of the corpus callosum were acquired with structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Each patient had pseudorandomised sessions with sham or with stimulation over the IPL-R or over the right inferior frontal gyrus IFG-R. Gesturing was assessed in a double-blinded manner before and after each session. We tested the effects of stimulation on gesture performance using a linear mixed-effects model. Results Pairwise treatment contrasts showed, that, compared to sham, the behavioral effect was higher after stimulation over IPL-R (12.08, 95% CI 6.04 - 18.13, p < 0.001). This treatment effect was approximately twice as high as the contrasts for IFG-R vs. sham (6.25, 95% CI -0.20 - 12.70, p = 0.058) and IPL-R vs. IFG-R vs. sham (5.83, 95% CI -0.49 - 12.15, p = 0.071). Furthermore, higher fractional anisotropy in the splenium (connecting the left and right IPL) were associated with higher behavioral effect. Relative lesion volume did not affect the changes after sham or stimulation over IPL-R or IFG-R. Conclusion One single session of cTBS over the IPL-R improved gesturing after left hemispheric stroke. Denser microstructure in the corpus callosum correlated with favorable gestural response. We therefore propose the indirect transcallosal modulation of the IPL-L as a promising model of restoring interhemispheric balance, which may be useful in rehabilitation of apraxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Pastore-Wapp
- Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Tim Vanbellingen
- Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Lehnick
- Biostatistics and Methodology, Clinical Trials Unit Central Switzerland, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Dario Cazzoli
- Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Thomas Nyffeler
- Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Biostatistics and Methodology, Clinical Trials Unit Central Switzerland, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Walther
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Bohlhalter
- Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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He H, Zhuo Y, He S, Zhang J. The transition from invariant to action-dependent visual object representation in human dorsal pathway. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:5503-5511. [PMID: 35165684 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain can efficiently process action-related visual information, which supports our ability to quickly understand and learn others' actions. The visual information of goal-directed action is extensively represented in the parietal and frontal cortex, but how actions and goal-objects are represented within this neural network is not fully understood. Specifically, which part of this dorsal network represents the identity of goal-objects? Is such goal-object information encoded at an abstract level or highly interactive with action representations? Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging with a large number of participants (n = 94) to investigate the neural representation of goal-objects and actions when participants viewed goal-directed action videos. Our results showed that the goal-directed action information could be decoded across much of the dorsal pathway, but in contrast, the invariant goal-object information independent of action was mainly localized in the early stage of dorsal pathway in parietal cortex rather than the down-stream areas of the parieto-frontal cortex. These results help us to understand the relationship between action and goal-object representations in the dorsal pathway, and the evolution of interactive representation of goal-objects and actions along the dorsal pathway during goal-directed action observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- HuiXia He
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhuo
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 20031, China
| | - Sheng He
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 20031, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiedong Zhang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
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Li J, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Jiang Y, Ren Z, Liu D, Zhang J, La Piana R, Chen Y. Cortical and subcortical morphological alterations in motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:167. [PMID: 36470900 PMCID: PMC9723125 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) can be classified into an akinetic-rigid (AR) and a tremor-dominant (TD) subtype based on predominant motor symptoms. Patients with different motor subtypes often show divergent clinical manifestations; however, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to characterize the cortical and subcortical morphological alterations in motor subtypes of PD. T1-weighted MRI images were obtained for 90 patients with PD (64 with the AR subtype and 26 with the TD subtype) and 56 healthy controls (HCs). Cortical surface area, sulcal depth (measured by Freesurfer's Sulc index), and subcortical volume were computed to identify the cortical and subcortical morphological alterations in the two motor subtypes. Compared with HCs, we found widespread surface area reductions in the AR subtype yet sparse surface area reductions in the TD subtype. We found no significant Sulc change in the AR subtype yet increased Sulc in the right supramarginal gyrus in the TD subtype. The hippocampal volumes in both subtypes were lower than those of HCs. In PD patients, the surface area of left posterior cingulate cortex was positively correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, while the Sulc value of right middle frontal gyrus was positively correlated with severity of motor impairments. Additionally, the hippocampal volumes were positively correlated with MMSE and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores and negatively correlated with severity of motor impairments and Hoehn & Yahr scores. Taken together, these findings may contribute to a better understanding of the neural substrates underlying the distinct symptom profiles in the two PD subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Li
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 P. R. China
| | - Yuanchao Zhang
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 P. R. China
| | - Zitong Huang
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 P. R. China
| | - Yihan Jiang
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 P. R. China
| | - Zhanbing Ren
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Daihong Liu
- grid.452285.cDepartment of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030 P. R. China
| | - Jiuquan Zhang
- grid.452285.cDepartment of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030 P. R. China
| | - Roberta La Piana
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4 Canada
| | - Yifan Chen
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 P. R. China
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Harrington DL, Shen Q, Wei X, Litvan I, Huang M, Lee RR. Functional topologies of spatial cognition predict cognitive and motor progression in Parkinson’s. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:987225. [PMID: 36299614 PMCID: PMC9589098 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.987225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spatial cognition deteriorates in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the neural substrates are not understood, despite the risk for future dementia. It is also unclear whether deteriorating spatial cognition relates to changes in other cognitive domains or contributes to motor dysfunction. Objective This study aimed to identify functional connectivity abnormalities in cognitively normal PD (PDCN) in regions that support spatial cognition to determine their relationship to interfacing cognitive functions and motor disability, and to determine if they predict cognitive and motor progression 2 years later in a PDCN subsample. Methods Sixty-three PDCN and 43 controls underwent functional MRI while judging whether pictures, rotated at various angles, depicted the left or right hand. The task activates systems that respond to increases in rotation angle, a proxy for visuospatial difficulty. Angle-modulated functional connectivity was analyzed for frontal cortex, posterior cortex, and basal ganglia regions. Results Two aberrant connectivity patterns were found in PDCN, which were condensed into principal components that characterized the strength and topology of angle-modulated connectivity. One topology related to a marked failure to amplify frontal, posterior, and basal ganglia connectivity with other brain areas as visuospatial demands increased, unlike the control group (control features). Another topology related to functional reorganization whereby regional connectivity was strengthened with brain areas not recruited by the control group (PDCN features). Functional topologies correlated with diverse cognitive domains at baseline, underscoring their influences on spatial cognition. In PDCN, expression of topologies that were control features predicted greater cognitive progression longitudinally, suggesting inefficient communications within circuitry normally recruited to handle spatial demands. Conversely, stronger expression of topologies that were PDCN features predicted less longitudinal cognitive decline, suggesting functional reorganization was compensatory. Parieto-occipital topologies (control features) had different prognostic implications for longitudinal changes in motor disability. Expression of one topology predicted less motor decline, whereas expression of another predicted increased postural instability and gait disturbance (PIGD) feature severity. Concurrently, greater longitudinal decline in spatial cognition predicted greater motor and PIGD feature progression, suggesting deterioration in shared substrates. Conclusion These novel discoveries elucidate functional mechanisms of visuospatial cognition in PDCN, which foreshadow future cognitive and motor disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L. Harrington
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Deborah L. Harrington,
| | - Qian Shen
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Xiangyu Wei
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
- Revelle College, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Irene Litvan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mingxiong Huang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Roland R. Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
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Zhang Y, Lemarchand R, Asyraff A, Hoffman P. Representation of motion concepts in occipitotemporal cortex: fMRI activation, decoding and connectivity analyses. Neuroimage 2022; 259:119450. [PMID: 35798252 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Embodied theories of semantic cognition predict that brain regions involved in motion perception are engaged when people comprehend motion concepts expressed in language. Left lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC) is implicated in both motion perception and motion concept processing but prior studies have produced mixed findings on which parts of this region are engaged by motion language. We scanned participants performing semantic judgements about sentences describing motion events and static events. We performed univariate analyses, multivariate pattern analyses (MVPA) and psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses to investigate the effect of motion on activity and connectivity in different parts of LOTC. In multivariate analyses that decoded whether a sentence described motion or not, the middle and posterior parts of LOTC showed above-chance level performance, with performance exceeding that of other brain regions. Univariate ROI analyses found the middle part of LOTC was more active for motion events than static ones. Finally, PPI analyses found that when processing motion events, the middle and posterior parts of LOTC (overlapping with motion perception regions), increased their connectivity with cognitive control regions. Taken together, these results indicate that the more posterior parts of LOTC, including motion perception cortex, respond differently to motion vs. static events. These findings are consistent with embodiment accounts of semantic processing, and suggest that understanding verbal descriptions of motion engages areas of the occipitotemporal cortex involved in perceiving motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Zhang
- School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rafael Lemarchand
- School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aliff Asyraff
- School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Hoffman
- School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK.
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45
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Sacheli LM, Verga C, Zapparoli L, Seghezzi S, Tomasetig G, Banfi G, Paulesu E. When action prediction grows old: An fMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 44:373-387. [PMID: 35997233 PMCID: PMC9842895 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Predicting the unfolding of others' actions (action prediction) is crucial for successfully navigating the social world and interacting efficiently. Age-related changes in this domain have remained largely unexplored, especially for predictions regarding simple gestures and independent of contextual information or motor expertise. Here, we evaluated whether healthy aging impacts the neurophysiological processes recruited to anticipate, from the observation of implied-motion postures, the correct conclusion of simple grasping and pointing actions. A color-discrimination task served as a control condition to assess the specificity of the age-related effects. Older adults showed reduced efficiency in performance that was yet not specific to the action prediction task. Nevertheless, fMRI results revealed task-specific age-related differences: while both groups showed stronger recruitment of the lateral occipito-temporal cortex bilaterally during the action prediction than the control task, the younger participants additionally showed a higher bilateral engagement of parietal regions. Importantly, in both groups, the recruitment of visuo-motor processes in the right posterior parietal cortex was a predictor of good performance. These results support the hypothesis of decreased involvement of sensorimotor processes in cognitive tasks when processing action- and body-related stimuli in healthy aging. These results have implications for social interaction, which requires the fast reading of others' gestures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Maria Sacheli
- Psychology Department and Milan Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Chiara Verga
- Psychology Department and Milan Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilanItaly,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and PsychologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Laura Zapparoli
- Psychology Department and Milan Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilanItaly,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico GaleazziMilanItaly
| | - Silvia Seghezzi
- Psychology Department and Milan Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Giulia Tomasetig
- Psychology Department and Milan Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico GaleazziMilanItaly,San Raffaele Vita e Salute UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Eraldo Paulesu
- Psychology Department and Milan Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilanItaly,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico GaleazziMilanItaly
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46
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Michalowski B, Buchwald M, Klichowski M, Ras M, Kroliczak G. Action goals and the praxis network: an fMRI study. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:2261-2284. [PMID: 35731447 PMCID: PMC9418102 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The praxis representation network (PRN) of the left cerebral hemisphere is typically linked to the control of functional interactions with familiar tools. Surprisingly, little is known about the PRN engagement in planning and execution of tool-directed actions motivated by non-functional but purposeful action goals. Here we used functional neuroimaging to perform both univariate and multi-voxel pattern analyses (MVPA) in 20 right-handed participants who planned and later executed, with their dominant and non-dominant hands, disparate grasps of tools for different goals, including: (1) planning simple vs. demanding functional grasps of conveniently vs. inconveniently oriented tools with an intention to immediately use them, (2) planning simple—but non-functional—grasps of inconveniently oriented tools with a goal to pass them to a different person, (3) planning reaching movements directed at such tools with an intention to move/push them with the back of the hand, and (4) pantomimed execution of the earlier planned tasks. While PRN contributed to the studied interactions with tools, the engagement of its critical nodes, and/or complementary right hemisphere processing, was differently modulated by task type. E.g., planning non-functional/structural grasp-to-pass movements of inconveniently oriented tools, regardless of the hand, invoked the left parietal and prefrontal nodes significantly more than simple, non-demanding functional grasps. MVPA corroborated decoding capabilities of critical PRN areas and some of their right hemisphere counterparts. Our findings shed new lights on how performance of disparate action goals influences the extraction of object affordances, and how or to what extent it modulates the neural activity within the parieto-frontal brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Michalowski
- Action and Cognition Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wydział Psychologii i Kognitywistyki UAM, ul. Szamarzewskiego 89, 60-568, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mikolaj Buchwald
- Action and Cognition Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wydział Psychologii i Kognitywistyki UAM, ul. Szamarzewskiego 89, 60-568, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Klichowski
- Action and Cognition Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wydział Psychologii i Kognitywistyki UAM, ul. Szamarzewskiego 89, 60-568, Poznan, Poland.,Learning Laboratory, Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Ras
- Action and Cognition Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wydział Psychologii i Kognitywistyki UAM, ul. Szamarzewskiego 89, 60-568, Poznan, Poland
| | - Gregory Kroliczak
- Action and Cognition Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wydział Psychologii i Kognitywistyki UAM, ul. Szamarzewskiego 89, 60-568, Poznan, Poland.
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47
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Knights E, Smith FW, Rossit S. The role of the anterior temporal cortex in action: evidence from fMRI multivariate searchlight analysis during real object grasping. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9042. [PMID: 35662252 PMCID: PMC9167815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intelligent manipulation of handheld tools marks a major discontinuity between humans and our closest ancestors. Here we identified neural representations about how tools are typically manipulated within left anterior temporal cortex, by shifting a searchlight classifier through whole-brain real action fMRI data when participants grasped 3D-printed tools in ways considered typical for use (i.e., by their handle). These neural representations were automatically evocated as task performance did not require semantic processing. In fact, findings from a behavioural motion-capture experiment confirmed that actions with tools (relative to non-tool) incurred additional processing costs, as would be suspected if semantic areas are being automatically engaged. These results substantiate theories of semantic cognition that claim the anterior temporal cortex combines sensorimotor and semantic content for advanced behaviours like tool manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Knights
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Fraser W Smith
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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48
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Dima DC, Tomita TM, Honey CJ, Isik L. Social-affective features drive human representations of observed actions. eLife 2022; 11:75027. [PMID: 35608254 PMCID: PMC9159752 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans observe actions performed by others in many different visual and social settings. What features do we extract and attend when we view such complex scenes, and how are they processed in the brain? To answer these questions, we curated two large-scale sets of naturalistic videos of everyday actions and estimated their perceived similarity in two behavioral experiments. We normed and quantified a large range of visual, action-related, and social-affective features across the stimulus sets. Using a cross-validated variance partitioning analysis, we found that social-affective features predicted similarity judgments better than, and independently of, visual and action features in both behavioral experiments. Next, we conducted an electroencephalography experiment, which revealed a sustained correlation between neural responses to videos and their behavioral similarity. Visual, action, and social-affective features predicted neural patterns at early, intermediate, and late stages, respectively, during this behaviorally relevant time window. Together, these findings show that social-affective features are important for perceiving naturalistic actions and are extracted at the final stage of a temporal gradient in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Dima
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Tyler M Tomita
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Christopher J Honey
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Leyla Isik
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
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49
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Ras M, Wyrwa M, Stachowiak J, Buchwald M, Nowik AM, Kroliczak G. Complex tools and motor-to-mechanical transformations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8041. [PMID: 35577883 PMCID: PMC9110343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to use complex tools is thought to depend on multifaceted motor-to-mechanical transformations within the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), linked to cognitive control over compound actions. Here we show using neuroimaging that demanding transformations of finger movements into proper mechanical movements of functional parts of complex tools invoke significantly the right rather than left rostral IPL, and bilateral posterior-to-mid and left anterior intraparietal sulci. These findings emerged during the functional grasp and tool-use programming phase. The expected engagement of left IPL was partly revealed by traditional region-of-interest analyses, and further modeling/estimations at the hand-independent level. Thus, our results point to a special role of right IPL in supporting sensory-motor spatial mechanisms which enable an effective control of fingers in skillful handling of complex tools. The resulting motor-to-mechanical transformations involve dynamic hand-centered to target-centered reference frame conversions indispensable for efficient interactions with the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ras
- Action and Cognition Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Szamarzewskiego 89, 60-568, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Wyrwa
- Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Stachowiak
- Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Buchwald
- Action and Cognition Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Szamarzewskiego 89, 60-568, Poznan, Poland
| | - A M Nowik
- Action and Cognition Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Szamarzewskiego 89, 60-568, Poznan, Poland
| | - G Kroliczak
- Action and Cognition Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Szamarzewskiego 89, 60-568, Poznan, Poland.
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50
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Caggiano P, Grossi G, De Mattia LC, vanVelzen J, Cocchini G. Objects with motor valence affect the visual processing of human body parts: Evidence from behavioural and ERP studies. Cortex 2022; 153:194-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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