1
|
Griffiths BJ, Schreiner T, Schaefer JK, Vollmar C, Kaufmann E, Quach S, Remi J, Noachtar S, Staudigl T. Electrophysiological signatures of veridical head direction in humans. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:1334-1350. [PMID: 38710766 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Information about heading direction is critical for navigation as it provides the means to orient ourselves in space. However, given that veridical head-direction signals require physical rotation of the head and most human neuroimaging experiments depend upon fixing the head in position, little is known about how the human brain is tuned to such heading signals. Here we adress this by asking 52 healthy participants undergoing simultaneous electroencephalography and motion tracking recordings (split into two experiments) and 10 patients undergoing simultaneous intracranial electroencephalography and motion tracking recordings to complete a series of orientation tasks in which they made physical head rotations to target positions. We then used a series of forward encoding models and linear mixed-effects models to isolate electrophysiological activity that was specifically tuned to heading direction. We identified a robust posterior central signature that predicts changes in veridical head orientation after regressing out confounds including sensory input and muscular activity. Both source localization and intracranial analysis implicated the medial temporal lobe as the origin of this effect. Subsequent analyses disentangled head-direction signatures from signals relating to head rotation and those reflecting location-specific effects. Lastly, when directly comparing head direction and eye-gaze-related tuning, we found that the brain maintains both codes while actively navigating, with stronger tuning to head direction in the medial temporal lobe. Together, these results reveal a taxonomy of population-level head-direction signals within the human brain that is reminiscent of those reported in the single units of rodents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Griffiths
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas Schreiner
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia K Schaefer
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Vollmar
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaufmann
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Quach
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Remi
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Soheyl Noachtar
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Staudigl
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ku SP, Atucha E, Alavi N, Mulla-Osman H, Kayumova R, Yoshida M, Csicsvari J, Sauvage MM. Phase locking of hippocampal CA3 neurons to distal CA1 theta oscillations selectively predicts memory performance. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114276. [PMID: 38814781 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
How the coordination of neuronal spiking and brain rhythms between hippocampal subregions supports memory function remains elusive. We studied the interregional coordination of CA3 neuronal spiking with CA1 theta oscillations by recording electrophysiological signals along the proximodistal axis of the hippocampus in rats that were performing a high-memory-demand recognition memory task adapted from humans. We found that CA3 population spiking occurs preferentially at the peak of distal CA1 theta oscillations when memory was tested but only when previously encountered stimuli were presented. In addition, decoding analyses revealed that only population cell firing of proximal CA3 together with that of distal CA1 can predict performance at test in the present non-spatial task. Overall, our work demonstrates an important role for the synchronization of CA3 neuronal activity with CA1 theta oscillations during memory testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Pi Ku
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Erika Atucha
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nico Alavi
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Halla Mulla-Osman
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rukhshona Kayumova
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Motoharu Yoshida
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jozsef Csicsvari
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Magdalena M Sauvage
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Magdeburg, Germany; Otto von Guericke University, Medical Faculty, Functional Neuroplasticity Department, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guth TA, Brandt A, Reinacher PC, Schulze-Bonhage A, Jacobs J, Kunz L. Theta-phase locking of single neurons during human spatial memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.20.599841. [PMID: 38948829 PMCID: PMC11212943 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.20.599841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The precise timing of single-neuron activity in relation to local field potentials may support various cognitive functions. Extensive research in rodents, along with some evidence in humans, suggests that single-neuron activity at specific phases of theta oscillations plays a crucial role in memory processes. Our fundamental understanding of such theta-phase locking in humans and its dependency on basic electrophysiological properties of the local field potential is still limited, however. Here, using single-neuron recordings in epilepsy patients performing a spatial memory task, we thus aimed at improving our understanding of factors modulating theta-phase locking in the human brain. Combining a generalized-phase approach for frequency-adaptive theta-phase estimation with time-resolved spectral parameterization, our results show that theta-phase locking is a strong and prevalent phenomenon across human medial temporal lobe regions, both during spatial memory encoding and retrieval. Neuronal theta-phase locking increased during periods of elevated theta power, when clear theta oscillations were present, and when aperiodic activity exhibited steeper slopes. Theta-phase locking was similarly strong during successful and unsuccessful memory, and most neurons activated at similar theta phases between encoding and retrieval. Some neurons changed their preferred theta phases between encoding and retrieval, in line with the idea that different memory processes are separated within the theta cycle. Together, these results help disentangle how different properties of local field potentials and memory states influence theta-phase locking of human single neurons. This contributes to a better understanding of how interactions between single neurons and local field potentials may support human spatial memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim A. Guth
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Epilepsy Center, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Armin Brandt
- Epilepsy Center, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter C. Reinacher
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulze-Bonhage
- Epilepsy Center, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joshua Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lukas Kunz
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schreiner T, Griffiths BJ, Kutlu M, Vollmar C, Kaufmann E, Quach S, Remi J, Noachtar S, Staudigl T. Spindle-locked ripples mediate memory reactivation during human NREM sleep. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5249. [PMID: 38898100 PMCID: PMC11187142 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory consolidation relies in part on the reactivation of previous experiences during sleep. The precise interplay of sleep-related oscillations (slow oscillations, spindles and ripples) is thought to coordinate the information flow between relevant brain areas, with ripples mediating memory reactivation. However, in humans empirical evidence for a role of ripples in memory reactivation is lacking. Here, we investigated the relevance of sleep oscillations and specifically ripples for memory reactivation during human sleep using targeted memory reactivation. Intracranial electrophysiology in epilepsy patients and scalp EEG in healthy participants revealed that elevated levels of slow oscillation - spindle activity coincided with the read-out of experimentally induced memory reactivation. Importantly, spindle-locked ripples recorded intracranially from the medial temporal lobe were found to be correlated with the identification of memory reactivation during non-rapid eye movement sleep. Our findings establish ripples as key-oscillation for sleep-related memory reactivation in humans and emphasize the importance of the coordinated interplay of the cardinal sleep oscillations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schreiner
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin J Griffiths
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Merve Kutlu
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Vollmar
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaufmann
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Quach
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Remi
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Soheyl Noachtar
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Staudigl
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liang Z, Wu S, Wu J, Wang WX, Qin S, Liu C. Distance and grid-like codes support the navigation of abstract social space in the human brain. eLife 2024; 12:RP89025. [PMID: 38875004 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
People form impressions about others during daily social encounters and infer personality traits from others' behaviors. Such trait inference is thought to rely on two universal dimensions: competence and warmth. These two dimensions can be used to construct a 'social cognitive map' organizing massive information obtained from social encounters efficiently. Originating from spatial cognition, the neural codes supporting the representation and navigation of spatial cognitive maps have been widely studied. Recent studies suggest similar neural mechanism subserves the map-like architecture in social cognition as well. Here we investigated how spatial codes operate beyond the physical environment and support the representation and navigation of social cognitive map. We designed a social value space defined by two dimensions of competence and warmth. Behaviorally, participants were able to navigate to a learned location from random starting locations in this abstract social space. At the neural level, we identified the representation of distance in the precuneus, fusiform gyrus, and middle occipital gyrus. We also found partial evidence of grid-like representation patterns in the medial prefrontal cortex and entorhinal cortex. Moreover, the intensity of grid-like response scaled with the performance of navigating in social space and social avoidance trait scores. Our findings suggest a neurocognitive mechanism by which social information can be organized into a structured representation, namely cognitive map and its relevance to social well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Simeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Xu Wang
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaozheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen D, Axmacher N, Wang L. Grid codes underlie multiple cognitive maps in the human brain. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 233:102569. [PMID: 38232782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Grid cells fire at multiple positions that organize the vertices of equilateral triangles tiling a 2D space and are well studied in rodents. The last decade witnessed rapid progress in two other research lines on grid codes-empirical studies on distributed human grid-like representations in physical and multiple non-physical spaces, and cognitive computational models addressing the function of grid cells based on principles of efficient and predictive coding. Here, we review the progress in these fields and integrate these lines into a systematic organization. We also discuss the coordinate mechanisms of grid codes in the human entorhinal cortex and medial prefrontal cortex and their role in neurological and psychiatric diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, 100101, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Nikolai Axmacher
- Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Liang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, 100101, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li S, Li Z, Liu Q, Ren P, Sun L, Cui Z, Liang X. Predictable navigation through spontaneous brain states with cognitive-map-like representations. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 233:102570. [PMID: 38232783 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Just as navigating a physical environment, navigating through the landscapes of spontaneous brain states may also require an internal cognitive map. Contemporary computation theories propose modeling a cognitive map from a reinforcement learning perspective and argue that the map would be predictive in nature, representing each state as its upcoming states. Here, we used resting-state fMRI to test the hypothesis that the spaces of spontaneously reoccurring brain states are cognitive map-like, and may exhibit future-oriented predictivity. We identified two discrete brain states of the navigation-related brain networks during rest. By combining pattern similarity and dimensional reduction analysis, we embedded the occurrences of each brain state in a two-dimensional space. Successor representation modeling analysis recognized that these brain state occurrences exhibit place cell-like representations, akin to those observed in a physical space. Moreover, we observed predictive transitions of reoccurring brain states, which strongly covaried with individual cognitive and emotional assessments. Our findings offer a novel perspective on the cognitive significance of spontaneous brain activity and support the theory of cognitive map as a unifying framework for mental navigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; Laboratory for Space Environment and Physical Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; Research Center for Human-Machine Augmented Intelligence, Research Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311100, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; Laboratory for Space Environment and Physical Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qiuyi Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; Laboratory for Space Environment and Physical Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Peng Ren
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lili Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; Laboratory for Space Environment and Physical Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zaixu Cui
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xia Liang
- Laboratory for Space Environment and Physical Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; Frontiers Science Center for Matter Behave in Space Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Veselic S, Muller TH, Gutierrez E, Behrens TEJ, Hunt LT, Butler JL, Kennerley SW. A cognitive map for value-guided choice in ventromedial prefrontal cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.15.571895. [PMID: 38168410 PMCID: PMC10760117 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.15.571895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex is crucial for economic decision-making and representing the value of options. However, how such representations facilitate flexible decisions remains unknown. We reframe economic decision-making in prefrontal cortex in line with representations of structure within the medial temporal lobe because such cognitive map representations are known to facilitate flexible behaviour. Specifically, we framed choice between different options as a navigation process in value space. Here we show that choices in a 2D value space defined by reward magnitude and probability were represented with a grid-like code, analogous to that found in spatial navigation. The grid-like code was present in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) local field potential theta frequency and the result replicated in an independent dataset. Neurons in vmPFC similarly contained a grid-like code, in addition to encoding the linear value of the chosen option. Importantly, both signals were modulated by theta frequency - occurring at theta troughs but on separate theta cycles. Furthermore, we found sharp-wave ripples - a key neural signature of planning and flexible behaviour - in vmPFC, which were modulated by accuracy and reward. These results demonstrate that multiple cognitive map-like computations are deployed in vmPFC during economic decision-making, suggesting a new framework for the implementation of choice in prefrontal cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastijan Veselic
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK
- Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Department of Motor Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy H Muller
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK
- Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Department of Motor Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elena Gutierrez
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK
- Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Department of Motor Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy E J Behrens
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour College, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laurence T Hunt
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James L Butler
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Steven W Kennerley
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK
- Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Department of Motor Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Muhle-Karbe PS, Sheahan H, Pezzulo G, Spiers HJ, Chien S, Schuck NW, Summerfield C. Goal-seeking compresses neural codes for space in the human hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex. Neuron 2023; 111:3885-3899.e6. [PMID: 37725981 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Humans can navigate flexibly to meet their goals. Here, we asked how the neural representation of allocentric space is distorted by goal-directed behavior. Participants navigated an agent to two successive goal locations in a grid world environment comprising four interlinked rooms, with a contextual cue indicating the conditional dependence of one goal location on another. Examining the neural geometry by which room and context were encoded in fMRI signals, we found that map-like representations of the environment emerged in both hippocampus and neocortex. Cognitive maps in hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortices were compressed so that locations cued as goals were coded together in neural state space, and these distortions predicted successful learning. This effect was captured by a computational model in which current and prospective locations are jointly encoded in a place code, providing a theory of how goals warp the neural representation of space in macroscopic neural signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Muhle-Karbe
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK; School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SA, UK; Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SA, UK.
| | - Hannah Sheahan
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK; Google DeepMind, London EC4A 3TW, UK
| | - Giovanni Pezzulo
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Hugo J Spiers
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Samson Chien
- Max Planck Research Group NeuroCode, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas W Schuck
- Max Planck Research Group NeuroCode, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Aging Research, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Psychology, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Summerfield
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK; Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Iggena D, Jeung S, Maier PM, Ploner CJ, Gramann K, Finke C. Multisensory input modulates memory-guided spatial navigation in humans. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1167. [PMID: 37963986 PMCID: PMC10646091 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient navigation is supported by a cognitive map of space. The hippocampus plays a key role for this map by linking multimodal sensory information with spatial memory representations. However, in human navigation studies, the full range of sensory information is often unavailable due to the stationarity of experimental setups. We investigated the contribution of multisensory information to memory-guided spatial navigation by presenting a virtual version of the Morris water maze on a screen and in an immersive mobile virtual reality setup. Patients with hippocampal lesions and matched controls navigated to memorized object locations in relation to surrounding landmarks. Our results show that availability of multisensory input improves memory-guided spatial navigation in both groups. It has distinct effects on navigational behaviour, with greater improvement in spatial memory performance in patients. We conclude that congruent multisensory information shifts computations to extrahippocampal areas that support spatial navigation and compensates for spatial navigation deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deetje Iggena
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sein Jeung
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Biological Psychology and Neuroergonomics, Fasanenstraße 1, 10623, Berlin, Germany
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Olav Kyrres gate 9,7030, Trondheim, Norway
- Max-Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrizia M Maier
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph J Ploner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Gramann
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Biological Psychology and Neuroergonomics, Fasanenstraße 1, 10623, Berlin, Germany
- University of California, San Diego, Center for Advanced Neurological Engineering, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Carsten Finke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Giari G, Vignali L, Xu Y, Bottini R. MEG frequency tagging reveals a grid-like code during attentional movements. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113209. [PMID: 37804506 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Grid-cells firing fields tile the environment with a 6-fold periodicity during both locomotion and visual exploration. Here, we tested, in humans, whether movements of covert attention elicit grid-like coding using frequency tagging. Participants observed visual trajectories presented sequentially at fixed rate, allowing different spatial periodicities (e.g., 4-, 6-, and 8-fold) to have corresponding temporal periodicities (e.g., 1, 1.5, and 2 Hz), thus resulting in distinct spectral responses. We found a higher response for the (grid-like) 6-fold periodicity and localized this effect in medial-temporal sources. In a control experiment featuring the same temporal periodicity but lacking spatial structure, the 6-fold effect did not emerge, suggesting its dependency on spatial movements of attention. We report evidence that grid-like signals in the human medial-temporal lobe can be elicited by covert attentional movements and suggest that attentional coding may provide a suitable mechanism to support the activation of cognitive maps during conceptual navigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Giari
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Vignali
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Yangwen Xu
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Roberto Bottini
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pinatel D, Pearlstein E, Bonetto G, Goutebroze L, Karagogeos D, Crepel V, Faivre-Sarrailh C. A class-specific effect of dysmyelination on the excitability of hippocampal interneurons. eLife 2023; 12:e86469. [PMID: 37843188 PMCID: PMC10617988 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of myelination for axonal conduction is well-established in projection neurons but little is known about its significance in GABAergic interneurons. Myelination is discontinuous along interneuron axons and the mechanisms controlling myelin patterning and segregation of ion channels at the nodes of Ranvier have not been elucidated. Protein 4.1B is implicated in the organization of the nodes of Ranvier as a linker between paranodal and juxtaparanodal membrane proteins to the spectrin cytoskeleton. In the present study, 4.1B KO mice are used as a genetic model to analyze the functional role of myelin in Lhx6-positive parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) neurons, two major classes of GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus. We show that 4.1B-deficiency induces disruption of juxtaparanodal K+ channel clustering and mislocalization of nodal or heminodal Na+ channels. Strikingly, 4.1B-deficiency causes loss of myelin in GABAergic axons in the hippocampus. In particular, stratum oriens SST cells display severe axonal dysmyelination and a reduced excitability. This reduced excitability is associated with a decrease in occurrence probability of small amplitude synaptic inhibitory events on pyramidal cells. In contrast, stratum pyramidale fast-spiking PV cells do not appear affected. In conclusion, our results indicate a class-specific effect of dysmyelination on the excitability of hippocampal interneurons associated with a functional alteration of inhibitory drive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laurence Goutebroze
- INSERM, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et IngénierieParisFrance
| | - Domna Karagogeos
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, University of CreteHeraklionGreece
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zabeh E, Foley NC, Jacobs J, Gottlieb JP. Beta traveling waves in monkey frontal and parietal areas encode recent reward history. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5428. [PMID: 37669966 PMCID: PMC10480436 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain function depends on neural communication, but the mechanisms of this communication are not well understood. Recent studies suggest that one form of neural communication is through traveling waves (TWs)-patterns of neural oscillations that propagate within and between brain areas. We show that TWs are robust in microarray recordings in frontal and parietal cortex and encode recent reward history. Two adult male monkeys made saccades to obtain probabilistic rewards and were sensitive to the (statistically irrelevant) reward on the previous trial. TWs in frontal and parietal areas were stronger in trials that followed a prior reward versus a lack of reward and, in the frontal lobe, correlated with the monkeys' behavioral sensitivity to the prior reward. The findings suggest that neural communication mediated by TWs within the frontal and parietal lobes contribute to maintaining information about recent reward history and mediating the impact of this history on the monkeys' expectations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Zabeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas C Foley
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jacqueline P Gottlieb
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu J, Chen D, Xiao X, Zhang H, Zhou W, Liang S, Kunz L, Schulze-Bonhage A, Axmacher N, Wang L. Multi-scale goal distance representations in human hippocampus during virtual spatial navigation. Curr Biol 2023; 33:2024-2033.e3. [PMID: 37148875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Goal-directed navigation relies on both coarse and fine-grained coding of spatial distance between the current position of a navigating subject and a goal destination. However, the neural signatures underlying goal distance coding remain poorly understood. Using intracranial EEG recordings from the hippocampus of drug-resistant epilepsy patients who performed a virtual spatial navigation task, we found that the right hippocampal theta power was significantly modulated by goal distance and decreased with goal proximity. This modulation varied along the hippocampal longitudinal axis such that theta power in the posterior hippocampus decreased more strongly with goal proximity. Similarly, neural timescale, reflecting the duration across which information can be maintained, increased gradually from the posterior to anterior hippocampus. Taken together, this study provides empirical evidence for multi-scale spatial representations of goal distance in the human hippocampus and links the hippocampal processing of spatial information to its intrinsic temporal dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, 16 Lincui Rd, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Yanqihu East Rd, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Dong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, 16 Lincui Rd, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Yanqihu East Rd, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, 16 Lincui Rd, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Yanqihu East Rd, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, 5 Shijingshan Rd, Beijing 100040, China
| | - Shuli Liang
- Functional Neurosurgery Department, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, 56 Nanlishi Rd, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Lukas Kunz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 1210 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Andreas Schulze-Bonhage
- Epilepsy Center, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, Freiburg im Breisgau 79106, Germany
| | - Nikolai Axmacher
- Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Liang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, 16 Lincui Rd, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Yanqihu East Rd, Beijing 101408, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Page WK, Sulon DW, Duffy CJ. Neural activity during monkey vehicular wayfinding. J Neurol Sci 2023; 446:120593. [PMID: 36827811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Navigation gets us from place to place, creating a path to arrive at a goal. We trained a monkey to steer a motorized cart in a large room, beginning at its trial-by-trial start location and ending at a trial-by-trial cued goal location. While the monkey steered its autonomously chosen path to its goal, we recorded neural activity simultaneously in both the hippocampus (HPC) and medial superior temporal (MST) cortex. Local field potentials (LFPs) in these sites show similar patterns of activity with the 15-30 Hz band highlighting specific room locations. In contrast, 30-100 Hz LFPs support a unified map of the behaviorally relevant start and goal locations. The single neuron responses (SNRs) do not substantially contribute to room or start-goal maps. Rather, the SNRs form a continuum from neurons that are most active when the monkey is moving on a path toward the goal, versus other neurons that are most active when the monkey deviates from paths toward the goal. Granger analyses suggest that HPC firing precedes MST firing during cueing at the trial start location, mainly mediated by off-path neurons. In contrast, MST precedes HPC firing during steering, mainly mediated by on-path neurons. Interactions between MST and HPC are mediated by the parallel activation of on-path and off-path neurons, selectively activated across stages of this wayfinding task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William K Page
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Ctr., Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - David W Sulon
- Dept. of Neurology, Penn State Health Medical Ctr., Hershey, PA 17036, USA
| | - Charles J Duffy
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Ctr., Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Dept. of Neurology, Penn State Health Medical Ctr., Hershey, PA 17036, USA; Dept. of Neurology, University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44122, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nie JZ, Flint RD, Prakash P, Hsieh JK, Mugler EM, Tate MC, Rosenow JM, Slutzky MW. High-gamma activity is coupled to low-gamma oscillations in precentral cortices and modulates with movement and speech. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.13.528325. [PMID: 36824850 PMCID: PMC9949043 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.13.528325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Planning and executing motor behaviors requires coordinated neural activity among multiple cortical and subcortical regions of the brain. Phase-amplitude coupling between the high-gamma band amplitude and the phase of low frequency oscillations (theta, alpha, beta) has been proposed to reflect neural communication, as has synchronization of low-gamma oscillations. However, coupling between low-gamma and high-gamma bands has not been investigated. Here, we measured phase-amplitude coupling between low- and high-gamma in monkeys performing a reaching task and in humans either performing finger movements or speaking words aloud. We found significant coupling between low-gamma phase and high-gamma amplitude in multiple sensorimotor and premotor cortices of both species during all tasks. This coupling modulated with the onset of movement. These findings suggest that interactions between the low and high gamma bands are markers of network dynamics related to movement and speech generation.
Collapse
|
17
|
Entorhinal grid-like codes and time-locked network dynamics track others navigating through space. Nat Commun 2023; 14:231. [PMID: 36720865 PMCID: PMC9889810 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35819-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Navigating through crowded, dynamically changing environments requires the ability to keep track of other individuals. Grid cells in the entorhinal cortex are a central component of self-related navigation but whether they also track others' movement is unclear. Here, we propose that entorhinal grid-like codes make an essential contribution to socio-spatial navigation. Sixty human participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while observing and re-tracing different paths of a demonstrator that navigated a virtual reality environment. Results revealed that grid-like codes in the entorhinal cortex tracked the other individual navigating through space. The activity of grid-like codes was time-locked to increases in co-activation and entorhinal-cortical connectivity that included the striatum, the hippocampus, parahippocampal and right posterior parietal cortices. Surprisingly, the grid-related effects during observation were stronger the worse participants performed when subsequently re-tracing the demonstrator's paths. Our findings suggests that network dynamics time-locked to entorhinal grid-cell-related activity might serve to distribute information about the location of others throughout the brain.
Collapse
|
18
|
Neural Signatures of Actively Controlled Self-Motion and the Subjective Encoding of Distance. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0137-21.2022. [PMID: 36635239 PMCID: PMC9770018 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0137-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Navigating through an environment requires knowledge about one's direction of self-motion (heading) and traveled distance. Behavioral studies showed that human participants can actively reproduce a previously observed travel distance purely based on visual information. Here, we employed electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the underlying neural processes. We measured, in human observers, event-related potentials (ERPs) during visually simulated straight-forward self-motion across a ground plane. The participants' task was to reproduce (active condition) double the distance of a previously seen self-displacement (passive condition) using a gamepad. We recorded the trajectories of self-motion during the active condition and played it back to the participants in a third set of trials (replay condition). We analyzed EEG activity separately for four electrode clusters: frontal (F), central (C), parietal (P), and occipital (O). When aligned to self-motion onset or offset, response modulation of the ERPs was stronger, and several ERP components had different latencies in the passive as compared with the active condition. This result is in line with the concept of predictive coding, which implies modified neural activation for self-induced versus externally induced sensory stimulation. We aligned our data also to the times when subjects passed the (objective) single distance d_obj and the (subjective) single distance d_sub. Remarkably, wavelet-based temporal-frequency analyses revealed enhanced theta-band activation for F, P, and O-clusters shortly before passing d_sub. This enhanced activation could be indicative of a navigation related representation of subjective distance. More generally, our study design allows to investigate subjective perception without interfering neural activation because of the required response action.
Collapse
|
19
|
Neural network based successor representations to form cognitive maps of space and language. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11233. [PMID: 35787659 PMCID: PMC9253065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
How does the mind organize thoughts? The hippocampal-entorhinal complex is thought to support domain-general representation and processing of structural knowledge of arbitrary state, feature and concept spaces. In particular, it enables the formation of cognitive maps, and navigation on these maps, thereby broadly contributing to cognition. It has been proposed that the concept of multi-scale successor representations provides an explanation of the underlying computations performed by place and grid cells. Here, we present a neural network based approach to learn such representations, and its application to different scenarios: a spatial exploration task based on supervised learning, a spatial navigation task based on reinforcement learning, and a non-spatial task where linguistic constructions have to be inferred by observing sample sentences. In all scenarios, the neural network correctly learns and approximates the underlying structure by building successor representations. Furthermore, the resulting neural firing patterns are strikingly similar to experimentally observed place and grid cell firing patterns. We conclude that cognitive maps and neural network-based successor representations of structured knowledge provide a promising way to overcome some of the short comings of deep learning towards artificial general intelligence.
Collapse
|
20
|
Moon HJ, Gauthier B, Park HD, Faivre N, Blanke O. Sense of self impacts spatial navigation and hexadirectional coding in human entorhinal cortex. Commun Biol 2022; 5:406. [PMID: 35501331 PMCID: PMC9061856 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Grid cells in entorhinal cortex (EC) encode an individual's location in space and rely on environmental cues and self-motion cues derived from the individual's body. Body-derived signals are also primary signals for the sense of self and based on integrated sensorimotor signals (proprioceptive, tactile, visual, motor) that have been shown to enhance self-centered processing. However, it is currently unknown whether such sensorimotor signals that modulate self-centered processing impact grid cells and spatial navigation. Integrating the online manipulation of bodily signals, to modulate self-centered processing, with a spatial navigation task and an fMRI measure to detect grid cell-like representation (GCLR) in humans, we report improved performance in spatial navigation and decreased GCLR in EC. This decrease in entorhinal GCLR was associated with an increase in retrosplenial cortex activity, which was correlated with participants' navigation performance. These data link self-centered processes during spatial navigation to entorhinal and retrosplenial activity and highlight the role of different bodily factors at play when navigating in VR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk-June Moon
- Center of Neuroprosthetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center for Bionics, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Baptiste Gauthier
- Center of Neuroprosthetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hyeong-Dong Park
- Center of Neuroprosthetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain and Consciousness Research Centre, Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Nathan Faivre
- Center of Neuroprosthetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Center of Neuroprosthetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland. .,Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Many heads are better than one: A multiscale neural information feature fusion framework for spatial route selections decoding from multichannel neural recordings of pigeons. Brain Res Bull 2022; 184:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
22
|
Scalp recorded theta activity is modulated by reward, direction, and speed during virtual navigation in freely moving humans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2041. [PMID: 35132101 PMCID: PMC8821620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Theta oscillations (~ 4–12 Hz) are dynamically modulated by speed and direction in freely moving animals. However, due to the paucity of electrophysiological recordings of freely moving humans, this mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we combined mobile-EEG with fully immersive virtual-reality to investigate theta dynamics in 22 healthy adults (aged 18–29 years old) freely navigating a T-maze to find rewards. Our results revealed three dynamic periods of theta modulation: (1) theta power increases coincided with the participants’ decision-making period; (2) theta power increased for fast and leftward trials as subjects approached the goal location; and (3) feedback onset evoked two phase-locked theta bursts over the right temporal and frontal-midline channels. These results suggest that recording scalp EEG in freely moving humans navigating a simple virtual T-maze can be utilized as a powerful translational model by which to map theta dynamics during “real-life” goal-directed behavior in both health and disease.
Collapse
|
23
|
Guth TA, Kunz L, Brandt A, Dümpelmann M, Klotz KA, Reinacher PC, Schulze-Bonhage A, Jacobs J, Schönberger J. Interictal spikes with and without high-frequency oscillation have different single-neuron correlates. Brain 2021; 144:3078-3088. [PMID: 34343264 PMCID: PMC8634126 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) are a widely used biomarker in patients with epilepsy but lack specificity. It has been proposed that there are truly epileptogenic and less pathological or even protective IEDs. Recent studies suggest that highly pathological IEDs are characterized by high-frequency oscillations (HFOs). Here, we aimed to dissect these 'HFO-IEDs' at the single-neuron level, hypothesizing that the underlying mechanisms are distinct from 'non-HFO-IEDs'. Analysing hybrid depth electrode recordings from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, we found that single-unit firing rates were higher in HFO- than in non-HFO-IEDs. HFO-IEDs were characterized by a pronounced pre-peak increase in firing, which coincided with the preferential occurrence of HFOs, whereas in non-HFO-IEDs, there was only a mild pre-peak increase followed by a post-peak suppression. Comparing each unit's firing during HFO-IEDs to its baseline activity, we found many neurons with a significant increase during the HFO component or ascending part, but almost none with a decrease. No such imbalance was observed during non-HFO-IEDs. Finally, comparing each unit's firing directly between HFO- and non-HFO-IEDs, we found that most cells had higher rates during HFO-IEDs and, moreover, identified a distinct subset of neurons with a significant preference for this IED subtype. In summary, our study reveals that HFO- and non-HFO-IEDs have different single-unit correlates. In HFO-IEDs, many neurons are moderately activated, and some participate selectively, suggesting that both types of increased firing contribute to highly pathological IEDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim A Guth
- Epilepsy Center, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Kunz
- Epilepsy Center, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Armin Brandt
- Epilepsy Center, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Dümpelmann
- Epilepsy Center, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin A Klotz
- Epilepsy Center, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Berta-Ottenstein-Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter C Reinacher
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulze-Bonhage
- Epilepsy Center, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Jacobs
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Paediatrics and Department of Neuroscience, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jan Schönberger
- Epilepsy Center, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Berta-Ottenstein-Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen D, Kunz L, Lv P, Zhang H, Zhou W, Liang S, Axmacher N, Wang L. Theta oscillations coordinate grid-like representations between ventromedial prefrontal and entorhinal cortex. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj0200. [PMID: 34705507 PMCID: PMC8550230 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Grid cells and theta oscillations are fundamental constituents of the brain’s navigation system and have been described in the entorhinal cortex (EC). Recent fMRI studies reveal that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) contains grid-like representations. However, the neural mechanisms underlying human vmPFC grid-like representations and their interactions with EC grid activity have remained unknown. We conducted intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings from epilepsy patients during a virtual spatial navigation task. Oscillatory theta power in the vmPFC exhibited a sixfold rotational symmetry that was coordinated with grid-like representations in the EC. We found that synchronous theta oscillations occurred between these regions that predicted navigational performance. Analysis of information transfer revealed a unidirectional signal from vmPFC to EC during memory retrieval. Together, this study provides insights into the previously unknown neural signature and functional role of grid-like representations outside the EC and their synchronization with the entorhinal grid during human spatial navigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lukas Kunz
- Epilepsy Center, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Pengcheng Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuli Liang
- Functional Neurosurgery Department, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nikolai Axmacher
- Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hill PF, Seger SE, Yoo HB, King DR, Wang DX, Lega BC, Rugg MD. Distinct Neurophysiological Correlates of the fMRI BOLD Signal in the Hippocampus and Neocortex. J Neurosci 2021; 41:6343-6352. [PMID: 34131036 PMCID: PMC8287995 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0278-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is among the foremost methods for mapping human brain function but provides only an indirect measure of underlying neural activity. Recent findings suggest that the neurophysiological correlates of the fMRI blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal might be regionally specific. We examined the neurophysiological correlates of the fMRI BOLD signal in the hippocampus and neocortex, where differences in neural architecture might result in a different relationship between the respective signals. Fifteen human neurosurgical patients (10 female, 5 male) implanted with depth electrodes performed a verbal free recall task while electrophysiological activity was recorded simultaneously from hippocampal and neocortical sites. The same patients subsequently performed a similar version of the task during a later fMRI session. Subsequent memory effects (SMEs) were computed for both imaging modalities as patterns of encoding-related brain activity predictive of later free recall. Linear mixed-effects modeling revealed that the relationship between BOLD and gamma-band SMEs was moderated by the lobar location of the recording site. BOLD and high gamma (70-150 Hz) SMEs positively covaried across much of the neocortex. This relationship was reversed in the hippocampus, where a negative correlation between BOLD and high gamma SMEs was evident. We also observed a negative relationship between BOLD and low gamma (30-70 Hz) SMEs in the medial temporal lobe more broadly. These results suggest that the neurophysiological correlates of the BOLD signal in the hippocampus differ from those observed in the neocortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The BOLD signal forms the basis of fMRI but provides only an indirect measure of neural activity. Task-related modulation of BOLD signals are typically equated with changes in gamma-band activity; however, relevant empirical evidence comes largely from the neocortex. We examined neurophysiological correlates of the BOLD signal in the hippocampus, where the differing neural architecture might result in a different relationship between the respective signals. We identified a positive relationship between encoding-related changes in BOLD and gamma-band activity in the frontal and parietal cortices. This effect was reversed in the hippocampus, where BOLD and gamma-band effects negatively covaried. These results suggest regional variability in the transfer function between neural activity and the BOLD signal in the hippocampus and neocortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Hill
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75235
| | - Sarah E Seger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Hye Bin Yoo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Danielle R King
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75235
| | - David X Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275
| | - Bradley C Lega
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Michael D Rugg
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75235
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, England
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tukker JJ, Beed P, Brecht M, Kempter R, Moser EI, Schmitz D. Microcircuits for spatial coding in the medial entorhinal cortex. Physiol Rev 2021; 102:653-688. [PMID: 34254836 PMCID: PMC8759973 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00042.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal formation is critically involved in learning and memory and contains a large proportion of neurons encoding aspects of the organism’s spatial surroundings. In the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC), this includes grid cells with their distinctive hexagonal firing fields as well as a host of other functionally defined cell types including head direction cells, speed cells, border cells, and object-vector cells. Such spatial coding emerges from the processing of external inputs by local microcircuits. However, it remains unclear exactly how local microcircuits and their dynamics within the MEC contribute to spatial discharge patterns. In this review we focus on recent investigations of intrinsic MEC connectivity, which have started to describe and quantify both excitatory and inhibitory wiring in the superficial layers of the MEC. Although the picture is far from complete, it appears that these layers contain robust recurrent connectivity that could sustain the attractor dynamics posited to underlie grid pattern formation. These findings pave the way to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying spatial navigation and memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J Tukker
- Network Dysfunction, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany
| | - Prateep Beed
- NeuroScientific Research Center, Charite Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Brecht
- Systems Neuroscience, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard Kempter
- Department of Biology, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humbolt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edvard I Moser
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for the Biology of Memory, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
| | - Dietmar Schmitz
- Neuroscience Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Long X, Zhang SJ. A novel somatosensory spatial navigation system outside the hippocampal formation. Cell Res 2021; 31:649-663. [PMID: 33462427 PMCID: PMC8169756 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00448-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatially selective firing of place cells, grid cells, boundary vector/border cells and head direction cells constitutes the basic building blocks of a canonical spatial navigation system centered on the hippocampal-entorhinal complex. While head direction cells can be found throughout the brain, spatial tuning outside the hippocampal formation is often non-specific or conjunctive to other representations such as a reward. Although the precise mechanism of spatially selective firing activity is not understood, various studies show sensory inputs, particularly vision, heavily modulate spatial representation in the hippocampal-entorhinal circuit. To better understand the contribution of other sensory inputs in shaping spatial representation in the brain, we performed recording from the primary somatosensory cortex in foraging rats. To our surprise, we were able to detect the full complement of spatially selective firing patterns similar to that reported in the hippocampal-entorhinal network, namely, place cells, head direction cells, boundary vector/border cells, grid cells and conjunctive cells, in the somatosensory cortex. These newly identified somatosensory spatial cells form a spatial map outside the hippocampal formation and support the hypothesis that location information modulates body representation in the somatosensory cortex. Our findings provide transformative insights into our understanding of how spatial information is processed and integrated in the brain, as well as functional operations of the somatosensory cortex in the context of rehabilitation with brain-machine interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Long
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Sheng-Jia Zhang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
In 2005, the Moser group identified a new type of cell in the entorhinal cortex (ERC): the grid cell (Hafting, Nature, 436, 2005, pp. 801-806). A landmark series of studies from these investigators showed that grid cells support spatial navigation by encoding position, direction as well as distance information, and they subsequently found grid cells in pre- and para-subiculum areas adjacent to the ERC (Boccara, Nature Neuroscience, 13, 2010, pp. 987-994). Fast forward to 2010, when some clever investigators developed fMRI analysis methods to document grid-like responses in the human ERC (Doeller, Nature, 463, 2010, pp. 657-661). What was not at all expected was the co-identification of grid-like fMRI responses outside of the ERC, in particular, the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Here we provide a compact overview of the burgeoning literature on grid cells in both rodent and human species, while considering the intriguing question: what are grid-like responses doing in the OFC and vmPFC? (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara U. Raithel
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Hamilton Walk, Stemmler Hall, Room G10, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 425 S. University Avenue, Stephen A. Levin Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jay A. Gottfried
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Hamilton Walk, Stemmler Hall, Room G10, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 425 S. University Avenue, Stephen A. Levin Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Boundary-anchored neural mechanisms of location-encoding for self and others. Nature 2020; 589:420-425. [PMID: 33361808 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Everyday tasks in social settings require humans to encode neural representations of not only their own spatial location, but also the location of other individuals within an environment. At present, the vast majority of what is known about neural representations of space for self and others stems from research in rodents and other non-human animals1-3. However, it is largely unknown how the human brain represents the location of others, and how aspects of human cognition may affect these location-encoding mechanisms. To address these questions, we examined individuals with chronically implanted electrodes while they carried out real-world spatial navigation and observation tasks. We report boundary-anchored neural representations in the medial temporal lobe that are modulated by one's own as well as another individual's spatial location. These representations depend on one's momentary cognitive state, and are strengthened when encoding of location is of higher behavioural relevance. Together, these results provide evidence for a common encoding mechanism in the human brain that represents the location of oneself and others in shared environments, and shed new light on the neural mechanisms that underlie spatial navigation and awareness of others in real-world scenarios.
Collapse
|
30
|
Stable maintenance of multiple representational formats in human visual short-term memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:32329-32339. [PMID: 33288707 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006752117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual short-term memory (VSTM) enables humans to form a stable and coherent representation of the external world. However, the nature and temporal dynamics of the neural representations in VSTM that support this stability are barely understood. Here we combined human intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings with analyses using deep neural networks and semantic models to probe the representational format and temporal dynamics of information in VSTM. We found clear evidence that VSTM maintenance occurred in two distinct representational formats which originated from different encoding periods. The first format derived from an early encoding period (250 to 770 ms) corresponded to higher-order visual representations. The second format originated from a late encoding period (1,000 to 1,980 ms) and contained abstract semantic representations. These representational formats were overall stable during maintenance, with no consistent transformation across time. Nevertheless, maintenance of both representational formats showed substantial arrhythmic fluctuations, i.e., waxing and waning in irregular intervals. The increases of the maintained representational formats were specific to the phases of hippocampal low-frequency activity. Our results demonstrate that human VSTM simultaneously maintains representations at different levels of processing, from higher-order visual information to abstract semantic representations, which are stably maintained via coupling to hippocampal low-frequency activity.
Collapse
|
31
|
Genetic Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Affects the Neural Mechanisms of Pattern Separation in Hippocampal Subfields. Curr Biol 2020; 30:4201-4212.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
32
|
Keinath AT, Rechnitz O, Balasubramanian V, Epstein RA. Environmental deformations dynamically shift human spatial memory. Hippocampus 2020; 31:89-101. [PMID: 32941670 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Place and grid cells in the hippocampal formation are commonly thought to support a unified and coherent cognitive map of space. This mapping mechanism faces a challenge when a navigator is placed in a familiar environment that has been deformed from its original shape. Under such circumstances, many transformations could plausibly serve to map a navigator's familiar cognitive map to the deformed space. Previous empirical results indicate that the firing fields of rodent place and grid cells stretch or compress in a manner that approximately matches the environmental deformation, and human spatial memory exhibits similar distortions. These effects have been interpreted as evidence that reshaping a familiar environment elicits an analogously reshaped cognitive map. However, recent work has suggested an alternative explanation, whereby deformation-induced distortions of the grid code are attributable to a mechanism that dynamically anchors grid fields to the most recently experienced boundary, thus causing history-dependent shifts in grid phase. This interpretation raises the possibility that human spatial memory will exhibit similar history-dependent dynamics. To test this prediction, we taught participants the locations of objects in a virtual environment and then probed their memory for these locations in deformed versions of this environment. Across three experiments with variable access to visual and vestibular cues, we observed the predicted pattern, whereby the remembered locations of objects were shifted from trial to trial depending on the boundary of origin of the participant's movement trajectory. These results provide evidence for a dynamic anchoring mechanism that governs both neuronal firing and spatial memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra T Keinath
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ohad Rechnitz
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Russell A Epstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bierbrauer A, Kunz L, Gomes CA, Luhmann M, Deuker L, Getzmann S, Wascher E, Gajewski PD, Hengstler JG, Fernandez-Alvarez M, Atienza M, Cammisuli DM, Bonatti F, Pruneti C, Percesepe A, Bellaali Y, Hanseeuw B, Strange BA, Cantero JL, Axmacher N. Unmasking selective path integration deficits in Alzheimer's disease risk carriers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba1394. [PMID: 32923622 PMCID: PMC7455192 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) manifests with progressive memory loss and spatial disorientation. Neuropathological studies suggest early AD pathology in the entorhinal cortex (EC) of young adults at genetic risk for AD (APOE ε4-carriers). Because the EC harbors grid cells, a likely neural substrate of path integration (PI), we examined PI performance in APOE ε4-carriers during a virtual navigation task. We report a selective impairment in APOE ε4-carriers specifically when recruitment of compensatory navigational strategies via supportive spatial cues was disabled. A separate fMRI study revealed that PI performance was associated with the strength of entorhinal grid-like representations when no compensatory strategies were available, suggesting grid cell dysfunction as a mechanistic explanation for PI deficits in APOE ε4-carriers. Furthermore, posterior cingulate/retrosplenial cortex was involved in the recruitment of compensatory navigational strategies via supportive spatial cues. Our results provide evidence for selective PI deficits in AD risk carriers, decades before potential disease onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bierbrauer
- Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Corresponding author. (A.B.); (L.K.); (N.A.)
| | - Lukas Kunz
- Epilepsy Center, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Corresponding author. (A.B.); (L.K.); (N.A.)
| | - Carlos A. Gomes
- Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Maike Luhmann
- Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lorena Deuker
- Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan Getzmann
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Edmund Wascher
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Patrick D. Gajewski
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan G. Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marina Fernandez-Alvarez
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CIBERNED), Seville, Spain
| | - Mercedes Atienza
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CIBERNED), Seville, Spain
| | - Davide M. Cammisuli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Laboratory of Clinical Psychology, Clinical Psychophysiology and Clinical Neuropsychology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonatti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Medical Genetics, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Pruneti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Laboratory of Clinical Psychology, Clinical Psychophysiology and Clinical Neuropsychology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Percesepe
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Medical Genetics, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Youssef Bellaali
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Hanseeuw
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bryan A. Strange
- Department of Neuroimaging, Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centre, Reina Sofia–CIEN Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L. Cantero
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CIBERNED), Seville, Spain
| | - Nikolai Axmacher
- Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street 19, Beijing 100875, China
- Corresponding author. (A.B.); (L.K.); (N.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nau M, Navarro Schröder T, Frey M, Doeller CF. Behavior-dependent directional tuning in the human visual-navigation network. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3247. [PMID: 32591544 PMCID: PMC7320013 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17000-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain derives cognitive maps from sensory experience that guide memory formation and behavior. Despite extensive efforts, it still remains unclear how the underlying population activity unfolds during spatial navigation and how it relates to memory performance. To examine these processes, we combined 7T-fMRI with a kernel-based encoding model of virtual navigation to map world-centered directional tuning across the human cortex. First, we present an in-depth analysis of directional tuning in visual, retrosplenial, parahippocampal and medial temporal cortices. Second, we show that tuning strength, width and topology of this directional code during memory-guided navigation depend on successful encoding of the environment. Finally, we show that participants' locomotory state influences this tuning in sensory and mnemonic regions such as the hippocampus. We demonstrate a direct link between neural population tuning and human cognition, where high-level memory processing interacts with network-wide visuospatial coding in the service of behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Nau
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, The Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Tobias Navarro Schröder
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, The Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Markus Frey
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, The Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian F Doeller
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, The Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ekstrom AD, Harootonian SK, Huffman DJ. Grid coding, spatial representation, and navigation: Should we assume an isomorphism? Hippocampus 2020; 30:422-432. [PMID: 31742364 PMCID: PMC7409510 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Grid cells provide a compelling example of a link between cellular activity and an abstract and difficult to define concept like space. Accordingly, a representational perspective on grid coding argues that neural grid coding underlies a fundamentally spatial metric. Recently, some theoretical proposals have suggested extending such a framework to nonspatial cognition as well, such as category learning. Here, we provide a critique of the frequently employed assumption of an isomorphism between patterns of neural activity (e.g., grid cells), mental representation, and behavior (e.g., navigation). Specifically, we question the strict isomorphism between these three levels and suggest that human spatial navigation is perhaps best characterized by a wide variety of both metric and nonmetric strategies. We offer an alternative perspective on how grid coding might relate to human spatial navigation, arguing that grid coding is part of a much larger conglomeration of neural activity patterns that dynamically tune to accomplish specific behavioral outputs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arne D Ekstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Derek J Huffman
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Monaco JD, Hwang GM, Schultz KM, Zhang K. Cognitive swarming in complex environments with attractor dynamics and oscillatory computing. BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS 2020; 114:269-284. [PMID: 32236692 PMCID: PMC7183509 DOI: 10.1007/s00422-020-00823-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neurobiological theories of spatial cognition developed with respect to recording data from relatively small and/or simplistic environments compared to animals' natural habitats. It has been unclear how to extend theoretical models to large or complex spaces. Complementarily, in autonomous systems technology, applications have been growing for distributed control methods that scale to large numbers of low-footprint mobile platforms. Animals and many-robot groups must solve common problems of navigating complex and uncertain environments. Here, we introduce the NeuroSwarms control framework to investigate whether adaptive, autonomous swarm control of minimal artificial agents can be achieved by direct analogy to neural circuits of rodent spatial cognition. NeuroSwarms analogizes agents to neurons and swarming groups to recurrent networks. We implemented neuron-like agent interactions in which mutually visible agents operate as if they were reciprocally connected place cells in an attractor network. We attributed a phase state to agents to enable patterns of oscillatory synchronization similar to hippocampal models of theta-rhythmic (5-12 Hz) sequence generation. We demonstrate that multi-agent swarming and reward-approach dynamics can be expressed as a mobile form of Hebbian learning and that NeuroSwarms supports a single-entity paradigm that directly informs theoretical models of animal cognition. We present emergent behaviors including phase-organized rings and trajectory sequences that interact with environmental cues and geometry in large, fragmented mazes. Thus, NeuroSwarms is a model artificial spatial system that integrates autonomous control and theoretical neuroscience to potentially uncover common principles to advance both domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Monaco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Grace M Hwang
- The Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA
| | - Kevin M Schultz
- The Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA
| | - Kechen Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Plugging in to Human Memory: Advantages, Challenges, and Insights from Human Single-Neuron Recordings. Cell 2019; 179:1015-1032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|