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Sudesh, Maurya DK, Jamdar SN. Gamma-irradiation of inulin improves its biological functionality and feasibility as a functional ingredient in synbiotic food. Food Chem 2023; 408:135217. [PMID: 36563623 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inulin, a dietary fibre, is widely used as a prebiotic, sugar replacer, and texture modifier in the food industry. In this study, we have shown that irradiation affects the physicochemical properties of inulin, which in turn improves its biological functionality and feasibility as a functional ingredient in synbiotic foods. The biological functionality of 25 kGy-irradiated inulin (IRI) was assessed in terms of antioxidant capacity, protective action against intracellular ROS, and prebiotic activity. Antioxidant assays revealed that irradiated inulin had improved antioxidant activity, which was even greater than that of fructooligosaccharides. Furthermore, IRI was found to be comparatively more effective in maintaining low intracellular ROS levels. The in vitro fermentation studies showed that IRI had higher bifidogenic efficacy than fructooligosaccharides and unirradiated inulin. A synbiotic low-fat yogurt containing IRI (8.5 %) was prepared. In terms of sensory attributes, the developed product was comparable to a commercially available non-synbiotic and high-fat containing product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudesh
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Dharmendra K Maurya
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Sahayog N Jamdar
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.
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2
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Fernández-Lainez C, Aan de Stegge M, Silva-Lagos LA, López-Velázquez G, de Vos P. β(2 → 1)-β(2 → 6) branched graminan-type fructans and β(2 → 1) linear fructans impact mucus-related and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes in goblet cells and attenuate inflammatory responses in a fructan dependent fashion. Food Funct 2023; 14:1338-1348. [PMID: 36656019 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02710k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fibers such as fructans have beneficial effects on intestinal health but it is unknown whether they impact goblet cells (GCs). Here we studied the effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs) and graminan-type fructans (GTFs) with different molecular weights on mucus- and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes in intestinal GCs. To that end, GCs were incubated in the presence of ITFs or GTFs, or ITFs and GTFs + TNFα or the N-glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin (Tm). IL-8 production by GCs was studied as a marker of inflammation. Effects between ITFs and GTFs were compared. We found a beneficial impact of GTFs especially on the expression of RETNLB. GTF II protects from the TNFα-induced gene expression dysregulation of MUC2, TFF3, GAL3ST2, and CHST5. Also, all the studied fructans prevented Tm-induced dysregulation of GAL3ST2. Interestingly, only the short chain fructans ITF I and GTF I have anti-inflammatory properties on GCs. All the studied fructans except ITF I decreased the expression of the ER stress-related HSPA5 and XBP1. All these benefits were fructan-structure and chain length dependent. Our study contributes to a better understanding of chemical structure-dependent beneficial effects of ITFs and GTFs on gut barrier function, which could contribute to prevention of gut inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Fernández-Lainez
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Laboratorio de Errores innatos del Metabolismo y Tamiz, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Av. Iman 1, 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Edificio D, 1° Piso. Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Myrthe Aan de Stegge
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Luis Alfredo Silva-Lagos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gabriel López-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Biomoléculas y Salud Infantil, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Av. Iman 1, 04530, Cuidad de México, Mexico.
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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3
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Magengelele M, Malgas S, Pletschke BI. Bioconversion of spent coffee grounds to prebiotic mannooligosaccharides - an example of biocatalysis in biorefinery. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3773-3780. [PMID: 36756573 PMCID: PMC9890647 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07605e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spent coffee ground (SCG), an agro-industrial waste, have a high content of polysaccharides such as mannan, making it ideal for utilisation for the production of nutraceutical oligosaccharides. Recently, there has been growing interest in the production of mannooligosaccharides (MOS) for health promotion in humans and animals. MOS are reported to exhibit various bioactive properties, including prebiotic and antioxidant activity. In this study, SCG was Vivinal pretreated using NaOH, characterized and hydrolysed using a Bacillus sp. derived endo-β-1,4-mannanase, Man26A, for MOS production. Structural analyses using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were conducted to assess the efficacy of the pretreatment. Lignin removal by the pretreatment from SCG was clearly shown by TGA. FT-IR, on the other hand, showed the presence of α-linked d-galactopyranoside (812 cm-1) and β-linked d-mannopyranoside residues (817 cm-1) in both SCG samples, signifying the presence of mannan. Hydrolysis of pretreated SCG by Man26A produced mannobiose and mannotriose as the main MOS products. The effect of simulated gastric conditions on the MOS was investigated and showed this product to be suitable for oral administration. Finally, the prebiotic effect of the MOS on the growth of selected beneficial bacteria was investigated in vitro; showing that it enhanced Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus thermophilus growth. These findings suggest that SCG is a viable source for the production of MOS which can be orally administered as prebiotics for effecting luxuriant growth of probiotic bacteria in the host's digestive tract, leading to a good health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihle Magengelele
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University Makhanda (Grahamstown) 6140 Eastern Cape South Africa
| | - Samkelo Malgas
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of PretoriaHatfield 0002GautengSouth Africa
| | - Brett I. Pletschke
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes UniversityMakhanda (Grahamstown) 6140Eastern CapeSouth Africa
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4
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Cai Y, Folkerts G, Braber S. Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides: A Novel Treatment for Respiratory Infections? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235033. [PMID: 36501062 PMCID: PMC9736878 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging antimicrobial resistance in respiratory infections requires novel intervention strategies. Non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) are a diverse group of carbohydrates with broad protective effects. In addition to promoting the colonization of beneficial gut microbiota and maintaining the intestinal homeostasis, NDOs act as decoy receptors, effectively blocking the attachment of pathogens on host cells. NDOs also function as a bacteriostatic agent, inhibiting the growth of specific pathogenic bacteria. Based on this fact, NDOs potentiate the actions of antimicrobial drugs. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in characterizing the anti-infective properties of NDOs. This focused review provides insights into the mechanisms by which representative NDOs may suppress respiratory infections by targeting pathogens and host cells. We summarized the most interesting mechanisms of NDOs, including maintenance of gut microbiota homeostasis, interference with TLR-mediated signaling, anti-oxidative effects and bacterial toxin neutralization, bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects, and anti-adhesion or anti-invasive properties. A detailed understanding of anti-infective mechanisms of NDOs against respiratory pathogens may contribute to the development of add-on therapy or alternatives to antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (S.B.)
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Trullàs C, Sewaka M, Rodkhum C, Chansue N, Boonanuntanasarn S, Kamble MT, Pirarat N. Effects of Jerusalem Artichoke ( Helianthus tuberosus) as a Prebiotic Supplement in the Diet of Red Tilapia ( Oreochromis spp.). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202882. [PMID: 36290267 PMCID: PMC9598478 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a Jerusalem artichoke-supplemented diet on the blood chemistry, growth performance, intestinal morphology, expression of antioxidant-related genes, and disease resistance against Aeromonas veronii challenge in juvenile red tilapia. A completely randomized design (CRD) was followed to feed red tilapias with three experimental diets: control, 5.0 g/kg JA-supplemented (JA5), or 10.0 g/kg JA-supplemented (JA10) diets in triplicates for 4 weeks. The results revealed that the growth performance, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and average daily gain (ADG) of fish fed diets JA5 and JA10 were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of fish fed the control diet. Fish fed the control diet had significantly higher T-bilirubin, D-bilirubin, and ALT in blood serum than fish fed JA5 and JA10, as well as higher BUN than fish fed JA5. The number of goblet cells in the proximal and distal parts of the intestine revealed that the number of acid, neutral, and double-staining mucous cells of fish fed diets JA5 and JA10 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in fish fed the control diet. The diets including the prebiotic (JA5 and JA10) were associated with a significant increase in the expression of gpx1 and gst antioxidant-related genes and disease resistance against A. veronii in juvenile red tilapia. Therefore, JA5 and JA10 can be employed as promising prebiotics for sustainable red tilapia farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Trullàs
- Wildlife, Exotic and Aquatic Animal Pathology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Mariya Sewaka
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80240, Thailand
| | - Channarong Rodkhum
- Center of Excellence in Fish Diseases (CE FID), Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nantarika Chansue
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Surintorn Boonanuntanasarn
- Institute of Agricultural Technology, School of Animal Production Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Manoj Tukaram Kamble
- Wildlife, Exotic and Aquatic Animal Pathology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nopadon Pirarat
- Wildlife, Exotic and Aquatic Animal Pathology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Zhao Y, Miao J, He J, Tian X, Gao K, Ma C, Tian X, Men W, Li H, Bi H, Liu W. Wheat heat shock factor TaHsfA2d contributes to plant responses to phosphate deficiency. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 185:178-187. [PMID: 35696892 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) availability has become a major constraint limiting crop growth and production. Heat shock factors (Hsfs) play important roles in mediating plant resistance to various environmental stresses, including heat, drought and salinity. However, whether members of the Hsf family are involved in the transcriptional regulation of plant responses to Pi insufficiency has not been reported. Here, we identified that TaHsfA2d, a member of the heat shock factor family, was strongly repressed by Pi deficiency. Overexpressing TaHsfA2d-4A in Arabidopsis results in significantly enhanced sensitivity to Pi deficiency, evidenced by increased anthocyanin content, decreased proliferation and elongation of lateral roots, and reduced Pi uptake. Furthermore, RNA-seq analyses showed that TaHsfA2d-4A functions through up-regulation of a number of genes involved in stress responses and flavonoid biosynthesis. Collectively, these results provide evidence that TaHsfA2d participates in the regulation of Pi deficiency stress, and that TaHsfA2d could serve as a valuable gene for genetic modification of crop tolerance to Pi starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- College of Life Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jingnan Miao
- College of Life Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jinqiu He
- College of Life Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xuejun Tian
- College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, 448000, China
| | - Kaili Gao
- College of Life Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Chao Ma
- College of Life Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiubin Tian
- College of Life Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wenqiang Men
- College of Life Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- College of Life Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Huihui Bi
- College of Agronomy/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Jelly Fig (Ficus awkeotsang Makino) Exhibits Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Activities by Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species Production via NFκB Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050981. [PMID: 35624846 PMCID: PMC9138086 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Ficus awkeotsang Makino extract (FAE) on Hs68 fibroblasts and BALB/c nude-mouse models are evaluated in this study. FAE was found to be non-toxic and showed high levels of DPPH, H2O2, and hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities; a ferrous chelating capacity; as well as ferric-reducing antioxidant capability. The antioxidant activity of FAE was strongly associated with polyphenolic content (flavonoids at 10.3 mg QE g−1 and total phenol at 107.6 mg GAE g−1). The anti-inflammatory activity of FAE and the underlying molecular mechanisms were also investigated. The a* value of the mouse dorsal skin after treatment with FAE at 1.5 mg/mL in addition to chronic UVB exposure was found to decrease by 19.2% during a ten-week period. The anti-inflammatory effect of FAE was evidenced by the decreased accumulation of inflammatory cells and skin thickness. Expression levels of UVB-induced inflammatory proteins, including ROS, NF-κB, iNOS, COX-2, and IL-6, were significantly reduced upon FAE treatment in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our results suggest that the inhibition of ROS and UVB-induced activation of the NF-κB downstream signaling pathway by FAE, indicating considerable potential as a versatile adjuvant against free radical damage in pharmaceutical applications.
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Pimentel TC, Torres de Assis BB, dos Santos Rocha C, Marcolino VA, Rosset M, Magnani M. Prebiotics in non-dairy products: Technological and physiological functionality, challenges, and perspectives. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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9
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Elango D, Rajendran K, Van der Laan L, Sebastiar S, Raigne J, Thaiparambil NA, El Haddad N, Raja B, Wang W, Ferela A, Chiteri KO, Thudi M, Varshney RK, Chopra S, Singh A, Singh AK. Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides: Friend or Foe for Human and Plant Health? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:829118. [PMID: 35251100 PMCID: PMC8891438 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.829118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are widespread across the plant kingdom, and their concentrations are related to the environment, genotype, and harvest time. RFOs are known to carry out many functions in plants and humans. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of RFOs, including their beneficial and anti-nutritional properties. RFOs are considered anti-nutritional factors since they cause flatulence in humans and animals. Flatulence is the single most important factor that deters consumption and utilization of legumes in human and animal diets. In plants, RFOs have been reported to impart tolerance to heat, drought, cold, salinity, and disease resistance besides regulating seed germination, vigor, and longevity. In humans, RFOs have beneficial effects in the large intestine and have shown prebiotic potential by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria reducing pathogens and putrefactive bacteria present in the colon. In addition to their prebiotic potential, RFOs have many other biological functions in humans and animals, such as anti-allergic, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cryoprotection. The wide-ranging applications of RFOs make them useful in food, feed, cosmetics, health, pharmaceuticals, and plant stress tolerance; therefore, we review the composition and diversity of RFOs, describe the metabolism and genetics of RFOs, evaluate their role in plant and human health, with a primary focus in grain legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinakaran Elango
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Karthika Rajendran
- VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Liza Van der Laan
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Sheelamary Sebastiar
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India
| | - Joscif Raigne
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Noureddine El Haddad
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Bharath Raja
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Wanyan Wang
- Ecosystem Science and Management, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Antonella Ferela
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kevin O. Chiteri
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Mahendar Thudi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, India
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Crop Research Innovation Centre, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Surinder Chopra
- Department of Plant Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Asheesh K. Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Viability, Storage Stabilityand In Vitro Gastrointestinal Tolerance of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Grown in Model Sugar Systems with Inulin and Fructooligosaccharide Supplementation. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) supplementation on the viability, storage stability, and in vitro gastrointestinal tolerance of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in different sugar systems using 24 h growth and 10 days survival studies at 37 °C, inulin, and FOS (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%) supplementation in 2%, 3%, and 4% glucose, fructose, lactose, and sucrose systems. Based on the highest percentage increase in growth index, sucrose and lactose were more suitable sugar substrates for inulin and FOS supplementation. In survival studies, based on cell viability, inulin supplementation showed a better protective effect than FOS in 3% and 4% sucrose and lactose systems. Four selected sucrose and lactose systems supplemented with inulin and FOS were used in a 12-week storage stability study at 4 °C. Inulin (3%, 4%) and FOS (2%, 4%) supplementation in sucrose and lactose systems greatly enhanced the refrigerated storage stability of L. plantarum. In the gastrointestinal tolerance study, an increase in the bacterial survival rate (%) showed that the supplementation of FOS in lactose and sucrose systems improved the storage viability of L. plantarum. Both inulin and FOS supplementation in sucrose and lactose systems improved the hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, co-aggregation ability of L. plantarum with Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis.
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Cai Y, Gilbert MS, Gerrits WJ, Folkerts G, Braber S. Galacto-oligosaccharides alleviate lung inflammation by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vivo and in vitro. J Adv Res 2021; 39:305-318. [PMID: 35777914 PMCID: PMC9263649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GOS suppress both local and systemic inflammation in lung infections. GOS reduce the M. haemolytica positivity in calves with lung infections. GOS inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vivo and in vitro. GOS decrease ATP production in PBECs induced by M. haemolytica. Direct anti-oxidative effects of GOS on lung cells are involved.
Introduction Objectives Methods Results Conclusion
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12
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Verma DK, Patel AR, Thakur M, Singh S, Tripathy S, Srivastav PP, Chávez-González ML, Gupta AK, Aguilar CN. A review of the composition and toxicology of fructans, and their applications in foods and health. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Oxidative Stress-Induced Alteration of Plant Central Metabolism. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040304. [PMID: 33915958 PMCID: PMC8066879 DOI: 10.3390/life11040304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an integral component of various stress conditions in plants, and this fact largely determines the substantial overlap in physiological and molecular responses to biotic and abiotic environmental challenges. In this review, we discuss the alterations in central metabolism occurring in plants experiencing oxidative stress. To focus on the changes in metabolite profile associated with oxidative stress per se, we primarily analyzed the information generated in the studies based on the exogenous application of agents, inducing oxidative stress, and the analysis of mutants displaying altered oxidative stress response. Despite of the significant variation in oxidative stress responses among different plant species and tissues, the dynamic and transient character of stress-induced changes in metabolites, and the strong dependence of metabolic responses on the intensity of stress, specific characteristic changes in sugars, sugar derivatives, tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites, and amino acids, associated with adaptation to oxidative stress have been detected. The presented analysis of the available data demonstrates the oxidative stress-induced redistribution of metabolic fluxes targeted at the enhancement of plant stress tolerance through the prevention of ROS accumulation, maintenance of the biosynthesis of indispensable metabolites, and production of protective compounds. This analysis provides a theoretical basis for the selection/generation of plants with improved tolerance to oxidative stress and the development of metabolic markers applicable in research and routine agricultural practice.
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Parhi P, Song KP, Choo WS. Effect of inulin and fructooligosaccharide supplementation on the growth and survival of
Lactobacillus casei
in model sugar systems. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Parhi
- School of Science Monash University Malaysia Bandar Sunway Malaysia
| | - Keang Peng Song
- School of Science Monash University Malaysia Bandar Sunway Malaysia
| | - Wee Sim Choo
- School of Science Monash University Malaysia Bandar Sunway Malaysia
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Wouk J, Dekker RFH, Queiroz EAIF, Barbosa-Dekker AM. β-Glucans as a panacea for a healthy heart? Their roles in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 177:176-203. [PMID: 33609583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Factors increasing the risks for CVD development are related to obesity, diabetes, high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure and lifestyle. CVD risk factors may be treated with appropriate drugs, but prolonged can use cause undesirable side-effects. Among the natural products used in complementary and alternative medicines, are the β-ᴅ-glucans; biopolymers found in foods (cereals, mushrooms), and can easily be produced by microbial fermentation. Independent of source, β-glucans of the mixed-linked types [(1 → 3)(1 → 6)-β-ᴅ-glucans - fungal, and (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-ᴅ-glucans - cereal] have widely been studied because of their biological activities, and have demonstrated cardiovascular protective effects. In this review, we discuss the roles of β-ᴅ-glucans in various pathophysiological conditions that lead to CVDs including obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, hypertension, atherosclerosis and stroke. The β-glucans from all of the sources cited demonstrated potential hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic and anti-obesogenicity activities, reduced hypertension and ameliorated the atherosclerosis condition. More recently, β-glucans are recognized as possessing prebiotic properties that modulate the gut microbiome and impact on the health benefits including cardiovascular. Overall, all the studies investigated unequivocally demonstrated the dietary benefits of consuming β-glucans regardless of source, thus constituting a promising panaceutical approach to reduce CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Wouk
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Campus CEDETEG, CEP: 85040-167, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Robert F H Dekker
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Câmpus Londrina, CEP: 86036-370 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Beta-Glucan Produtos Farmoquímicos - EIRELI, Avenida João Miguel Caram 731, Lote 24(A), Bloco Zircônia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, CEP: 86036-700 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Eveline A I F Queiroz
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, CEP: 78.557-267 Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Aneli M Barbosa-Dekker
- Beta-Glucan Produtos Farmoquímicos - EIRELI, Avenida João Miguel Caram 731, Lote 24(A), Bloco Zircônia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, CEP: 86036-700 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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16
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Anesi A, Malavasi G, Chiarini L, Salvatori R, Lusvardi G. Cell Proliferation to Evaluate Preliminarily the Presence of Enduring Self-Regenerative Antioxidant Activity in Cerium Doped Bioactive Glasses. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13102297. [PMID: 32429291 PMCID: PMC7288167 DOI: 10.3390/ma13102297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: a cell evaluation focused to verify the self-regenerative antioxidant activity is performed on cerium doped bioactive glasses. (2) Methods: the glasses based on 45S5 Bioglass®, are doped with 1.2 mol%, 3.6 mol% and 5.3 mol% of CeO2 and possess a polyhedral shape (~500 µm2). Glasses with this composition inhibit oxidative stress by mimicking catalase enzyme (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities; moreover, our previous cytocompatibility tests (neutral red (NR), 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Bromo-2-deoxyUridine (BrdU)) reveal that the presence of cerium promotes the absorption and vitality of the cells. The same cytocompatibility tests were performed and repeated, in two different periods (named first and second use), separated from each other by four months. (3) Results: in the first and second use, NR tests indicate that the presence of cerium promotes once again cell uptake and viability, especially after 72 h. A decrease in cell proliferation it is observed after MTT and BrdU tests only in the second use. These findings are supported by statistically significant results (4) Conclusions: these glasses show enhanced proliferation, both in the short and in the long term, and for the first time such large dimensions are studied for this kind of study. A future prospective is the implantation of these bioactive glasses as bone substitute in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Anesi
- SMECHIMAI, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.A.); (L.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Gianluca Malavasi
- DSCG, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Luigi Chiarini
- SMECHIMAI, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.A.); (L.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Roberta Salvatori
- SMECHIMAI, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.A.); (L.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Gigliola Lusvardi
- DSCG, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-059-205-8549
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17
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Wheat Heat Shock Factor TaHsfA6f Increases ABA Levels and Enhances Tolerance to Multiple Abiotic Stresses in Transgenic Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093121. [PMID: 32354160 PMCID: PMC7247712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses are major constraints limiting crop growth and production. Heat shock factors (Hsfs) play significant roles in mediating plant resistance to various environmental stresses, including heat, drought and salinity. In this study, we explored the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of wheat TaHsfA6f in plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses. Gene expression profiles showed that TaHsfA6f has relatively high expression levels in wheat leaves at the reproductive stage. Transcript levels of TaHsfA6f were substantially up-regulated by heat, dehydration, salinity, low temperature, and multiple phytohormones, but was not induced by brassinosteroids (BR). Subcellular localization analyses revealed that TaHsfA6f is localized to the nucleus. Overexpression of the TaHsfA6f gene in Arabidopsis results in improved tolerance to heat, drought and salt stresses, enhanced sensitivity to exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), and increased accumulation of ABA. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing data demonstrated that TaHsfA6f functions through up-regulation of a number of genes involved in ABA metabolism and signaling, and other stress-associated genes. Collectively, these results provide evidence that TaHsfA6f participates in the regulation of multiple abiotic stresses, and that TaHsfA6f could serve as a valuable gene for genetic modification of crop abiotic stress tolerance.
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Foo RQ, Jahromi MF, Chen WL, Ahmad S, Lai KS, Idrus Z, Liang JB. Oligosaccharides from Palm Kernel Cake Enhances Adherence Inhibition and Intracellular Clearance of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis In Vitro. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E255. [PMID: 32075189 PMCID: PMC7074813 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar (ser.) Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is a foodborne pathogen often associated with contaminated poultry products. This study evaluated the anti-adherence and intracellular clearance capability of oligosaccharides extracted from palm kernel cake (PKC), a by-product of the palm oil industry, and compared its efficacy with commercial prebiotics- fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and mannanoligosaccharide (MOS)-against S. Enteritidis in vitro. Based on the degree of polymerization (DP), PKC oligosaccharides were further divided into 'Small' (DP ≤ 6) and 'Big' (DP > 6) fractions. Results showed that the Small and Big PKC fractions were able to reduce (p < 0.05) S. Enteritidis adherence to Cancer coli-2 (Caco-2) cells at 0.1 mg/ mL while MOS and FOS showed significant reduction at 1.0 mg/mL and 10.0 mg/mL, respectively. In terms of S. Enteritidis clearance, oligosaccharide-treated macrophages showed better S. Enteritidis clearance over time at 50 µg/mL for Small, Big and MOS, while FOS required a concentration of 500 µg/mL for a similar effect. This data highlights that oligosaccharides from PKC, particularly those of lower DP, were more effective than MOS and FOS at reducing S. Enteritidis adherence and enhancing S. Enteritidis clearance in a cell culture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qing Foo
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.Q.F.); (M.F.J.); (W.L.C.); (Z.I.)
| | - Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.Q.F.); (M.F.J.); (W.L.C.); (Z.I.)
- Arianabiotech co. No 118, Parsian Industrial Zone, Mashad 9354195366, Khorasan Razavi, Iran
| | - Wei Li Chen
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.Q.F.); (M.F.J.); (W.L.C.); (Z.I.)
| | - Syahida Ahmad
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Kok Song Lai
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, UAE;
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.Q.F.); (M.F.J.); (W.L.C.); (Z.I.)
- Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research & Innovation), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Juan Boo Liang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.Q.F.); (M.F.J.); (W.L.C.); (Z.I.)
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Lactobacillus delbrueckii Ameliorates Intestinal Integrity and Antioxidant Ability in Weaned Piglets after a Lipopolysaccharide Challenge. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6028606. [PMID: 32104535 PMCID: PMC7035547 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6028606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus delbrueckii (LAB) on intestinal morphology, barrier function, immune response, and antioxidant capacity in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 36 two-line crossbred (Landrace × large Yorkshire) weaned piglets (28 days old) were divided into three groups: (1) nonchallenged control (CON); (2) LPS-challenged control (LPS); and (3) LAB+LPS treatment (0.2% LAB+LPS). Compared to the LPS piglets, the LAB+LPS piglets improved intestinal morphology, indicated by greater (P < 0.05) villus height in the duodenum and ileum; villus height : crypt depth ratio in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, as well as decreased (P < 0.05) crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum; and better intestinal barrier function, indicated by upregulated (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of tight junction proteins in the intestinal mucosa. Moreover, compared to the LPS piglets, LAB significantly decreased (P < 0.05) concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β in the small intestine and increased (P < 0.05) IL-10 levels in the jejunum and ileum. Additionally, LAB increased (P < 0.05) T-AOC activities of the colon, GSH concentrations of the jejunum, and mRNA expression of CAT and Cu/Zn-SOD, while reduced (P < 0.05) MDA concentrations in the jejunum and ileum in LPS-changed piglets. Collectively, our results indicate that supplementation of LAB improved intestinal integrity and immune response and alleviated intestinal oxidative damage in LPS-challenged piglets.
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20
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Isla MI, Cattaneo F, Orqueda ME, Moreno MA, Pérez J, Rodríguez IF, Uriburu FMC, Torres S, Zampini IC. Potential Application of Native Fruit Wastes from Argentina as Nonconventional Sources of Functional Ingredients. APPLIED ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39208-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Dobrange E, Peshev D, Loedolff B, Van den Ende W. Fructans as Immunomodulatory and Antiviral Agents: The Case of Echinacea. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E615. [PMID: 31623122 PMCID: PMC6843407 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, medicinal purposes of plants have been studied, documented, and acknowledged as an integral part of human healthcare systems. The development of modern medicine still relies largely on this historical knowledge of the use and preparation of plants and their extracts. Further research into the human microbiome highlights the interaction between immunomodulatory responses and plant-derived, prebiotic compounds. One such group of compounds includes the inulin-type fructans (ITFs), which may also act as signaling molecules and antioxidants. These multifunctional compounds occur in a small proportion of plants, many of which have recognized medicinal properties. Echinacea is a well-known medicinal plant and products derived from it are sold globally for its cold- and flu-preventative and general health-promoting properties. Despite the well-documented phytochemical profile of Echinacea plants and products, little research has looked into the possible role of ITFs in these products. This review aims to highlight the occurrence of ITFs in Echinacea derived formulations and the potential role they play in immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Dobrange
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Darin Peshev
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bianke Loedolff
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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22
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Xu XY, Meng JM, Mao QQ, Shang A, Li BY, Zhao CN, Tang GY, Cao SY, Wei XL, Gan RY, Corke H, Li HB. Effects of Tannase and Ultrasound Treatment on the Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Green Tea Extract. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E362. [PMID: 31480629 PMCID: PMC6770445 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of tannase and ultrasound treatment on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of green tea extract. The single-factor experiments and the response surface methodology were conducted to study the effects of parameters on antioxidant activity of green tea extract. The highest antioxidant activity was found under the optimal condition with the buffer solution pH value of 4.62, ultrasonic temperature of 44.12 °C, ultrasonic time of 12.17 min, tannase concentration of 1 mg/mL, and ultrasonic power of 360 W. Furthermore, phenolic profiles of the extracts were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Overall, it was found that tannase led to an increase in gallic acid and a decrease in epigallocatechin gallate, and ultrasounds could also enhance the efficiency of enzymatic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jin-Ming Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qian-Qian Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ao Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bang-Yan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Cai-Ning Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guo-Yi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shi-Yu Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xin-Lin Wei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China.
| | - Harold Corke
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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23
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Xiao YQ, Shao D, Sheng ZW, Wang Q, Shi SR. A mixture of daidzein and Chinese herbs increases egg production and eggshell strength as well as blood plasma Ca, P, antioxidative enzymes, and luteinizing hormone levels in post-peak, brown laying hens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3298-3303. [PMID: 30993323 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with the isoflavone, daidzein, has been shown to improve egg production in poultry. Additionally, providing Chinese herbs (CH) in the broiler diet has led to increased antioxidative enzyme activity. However, the combined effect of these dietary supplements on hen performance has not been examined. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if dietary supplementation with a mixture of daidzein and CH would alter laying performance, egg quality, and blood plasma constituents of post-peak laying hens. At 59 wk of age, Hyline brown hens (240) were randomly allocated to 2 dietary groups and fed for 16 wk. The control group received the basal diet, and a treatment group was fed the basal diet that contained 0.02% of a mixture of daidzein and CH. Egg production and weight were recorded daily and egg quality data were collected at 75 wk of age. Blood plasma antioxidant activity, hormone levels, mineral (Ca and P) content, and osteocalcin content were determined at the end of the study. The results showed that laying rate, egg mass, and shell strength were greater in the daidzein-CH mixture group than the controls (P < 0.05). The plasma glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and luteinizing hormone levels were also greater in the daidzein-CH mixture group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The results of this study reveal that supplementing diets with a daidzein-CH mixture can improve laying performance perhaps by increasing plasma antioxidant activity, luteinizing hormone levels, and mineral content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Xiao
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China.,Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
| | - D Shao
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China.,Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
| | - Z W Sheng
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China.,Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
| | - Q Wang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China.,Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
| | - S R Shi
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China.,Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
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24
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Ortiz CLD, Matel HD, Nellas RB. In Silico insights on enhancing thermostability and activity of a plant Fructosyltransferase from Pachysandra terminalis via introduction of disulfide bridges. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 89:250-260. [PMID: 30933883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Drawbacks of industrially-used fructosyltransferases (FTs) such as low optimum temperature and low fructooligosaccharides (FOS) yield necessitates the search for engineered FTs that are highly thermostable and active. With the availability of the first plant FT crystal structure from Pachysandra terminalis (PDB ID: 3UGH), computer-aided protein engineering of plant FT is now feasible. To obtain insights on the effect of specific mutations i.e. disulfide bridge introduction, wild-type and mutant FTs were subjected to a 15 μs Martini Coarse-grained Molecular Dynamics (CGMD) simulations at 303 K and 334 K. We report here the five mutants, M31C-Q49C, L144C-S193C, P34C-W300C, S219C-L226C and V470C-S498C with enhanced thermostabilities and/or activities relative to the wild type. Interestingly, M31C-Q49C, which is located within the catalytic-carrying blade of the catalytic domain, has an activity enhancement at both temperatures. At 334 K, three mutations, L144C-S193C, P34C-W300C and V470C-S498C, achieved thermostability relative to the wild type. Intriguingly, both activity and stability enhancement exhibited only at 334 K can be achieved provided that the mutation is located either on the catalytic-carrying residue blade of the catalytic domain or on the non-catalytic domain. Our results suggest that V470C-S498C and L144C-S193C are promising mutants and that domain-specific approach may be exploited to customize enzyme properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hosea D Matel
- Research Center, Cavite State University, Don Severino De Las Alas Campus, Indang, Cavite, Philippines; Department of Physical Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Cavite State University, Don Severino De Las Alas Campus, Indang, Cavite, Philippines
| | - Ricky B Nellas
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
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25
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Peters VBM, van de Steeg E, van Bilsen J, Meijerink M. Mechanisms and immunomodulatory properties of pre- and probiotics. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:225-236. [PMID: 30827150 DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The human body is exposed to many xenobiotic, potentially harmful compounds. The intestinal immune system is crucial in protecting the human body from these substances. Moreover, many microorganisms, residing in the gastrointestinal tract, play an important role in modulating immune responses. Pre- and probiotics may have beneficial effects on the microbial composition and activity within the human gut, subsequently affecting the immune system. Prebiotics can exert their effects via different mechanisms, like selectively stimulating the growth of bacteria by providing substrates or via direct immune stimulation. Probiotics may have beneficial health effects via competition with pathogens for substrates and binding intestinal sites, bioconversions of for example sugars into fermentation products with inhibitory properties, production of growth substrates like vitamins for the host, direct antagonism of pathogens via antimicrobial peptide production, reduction of inflammation and stimulation of immune cells. This review focuses on the different mechanisms via which the pre- and probiotics exert their beneficial effects on the host, addressing their immunomodulatory properties in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- V B M Peters
- 1 TNO Zeist, Department Microbiology and Systems Biology, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, the Netherlands.,2 University College London, Division of Medicine, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - E van de Steeg
- 1 TNO Zeist, Department Microbiology and Systems Biology, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - J van Bilsen
- 3 TNO Zeist, Department Risk Analysis for Products in Development (RAPID), Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - M Meijerink
- 3 TNO Zeist, Department Risk Analysis for Products in Development (RAPID), Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, the Netherlands
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26
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Singh A, Kitts DD. In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Tart Cherry Anthocyanins in a Health Supplement Mix Containing Mineral Clay. J Food Sci 2019; 84:475-480. [PMID: 30706481 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The study reports on the in vitro bioaccessibility of anthocyanins present in tart cherry extracts formulated with a mineral clay to produce a novel natural health product. Results show that tart cherry anthocyanins are stable and bioaccessible after gastric digestion but were largely transformed or degraded (>70%) after duodenal digestion. This contrasted the fact that total antioxidant capacity of tart cherry extract using oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay increased almost two-fold after GI digestion. There was no significant difference between anthocyanin recovery when present the mineral clay formulation, compared to control, thus the presence of the cationic-based mineral clay was not a factor in reducing anthocyanin bioaccessibility, or increasing antioxidant capacity. In vitro digestion of foods or natural health products should be included in protocols that aim to assess overall bioaccessibility and bioactivity of those anthocyanins present in tart cherry. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This research investigates the impact of having a mineral clay-based matrix on bioaccessiblity of tart cherry anthocyanins. This study describes the anthocyanin composition of tart cherry and the effect of cations present in mineral clay on final total bioavailability following in vitro simulation of human gastrointestinal digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Singh
- Food, Nutrition, and Health, Faculty of Land & Food Systems, Univ. of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - David D Kitts
- Food, Nutrition, and Health, Faculty of Land & Food Systems, Univ. of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Zheng L, Wei H, Yu H, Xing Q, Zou Y, Zhou Y, Peng J. Fish Skin Gelatin Hydrolysate Production by Ginger Powder Induces Glutathione Synthesis To Prevent Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Intestinal Oxidative Stress via the Pept1-p62-Nrf2 Cascade. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11601-11611. [PMID: 30339007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Gelatin hydrolysate was reported to contain large amounts of biologically active peptides with excellent antioxidant properties. However, its inducement of antioxidant response within cells and the underlying molecular mechanism are far from clear. Here, gelatin from Nile tilapia skin was hydrolyzed by ginger protease to produce antioxidant hydrolysate, and three fish skin gelatin hydrolysate fractions (FSGHFs) were obtained by ultrafiltration. Fractionation of the hydrolysate increased the free radical scavenging capacity of the FSGHFs, particularly FSGHF3, which showed the lowest molecular weight (below 1000 Da). Furthermore, FSGHF3 treatment prior to H2O2 exposure increased cell viability and membrane integrity in IPEC-J2 cells. H2O2-induced ROS production and epithelial barrier damage were suppressed by FSGHF3 pretreatment. FSGHF3 stimulated the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), along with increases in the mRNA and protein expression of catalytic and modulatory subunits of γ-glutamylcysteine ligase as well as in the level of glutathione. Silencing of Nrf2 or p62 (an upstream regulator of Nrf2) suppressed FSGHF3-induced Nrf2 activation and its protection against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, oligopeptides in FSGHF3 may mediate the cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress, which was confirmed by the result that FSGHF3 failed to inhibit the ROS production in H2O2-exposed cells with the knockdown of Pept1 (an oligopeptide transporter). Therefore, FSGHF3 can induce glutathione synthesis and prevent oxidative stress through the Pept1-p62-Nrf2 cascade and thus may be a functional food for gastrointestinal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liufeng Zheng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongkui Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huichao Yu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zou
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfei Zhou
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
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Understanding the transfer reaction network behind the non-processive synthesis of low molecular weight levan catalyzed by Bacillus subtilis levansucrase. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15035. [PMID: 30301900 PMCID: PMC6177408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Under specific reaction conditions, levansucrase from Bacillus subtilis (SacB) catalyzes the synthesis of a low molecular weight levan through the non-processive elongation of a great number of intermediates. To deepen understanding of the polymer elongation mechanism, we conducted a meticulous examination of the fructooligosaccharide profile evolution during the levan synthesis. As a result, the formation of primary and secondary intermediates series in different reaction stages was observed. The origin of the series was identified through comparison with product profiles obtained in acceptor reactions employing levanbiose, blastose, 1-kestose, 6-kestose, and neo-kestose, and supported with the isolation and NMR analyses of some relevant products, demonstrating that all of them are inherent products during levan formation from sucrose. These results allowed to establish the network of fructosyl transfer reactions involved in the non-processive levan synthesis. Overall, our results reveal how the relaxed acceptor specificity of SacB during the initial steps of the synthesis is responsible for the formation of several levan series, which constitute the final low molecular weight levan distribution.
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Li T, Dong M, Xie W, Zhang Y, Tao D, Li S. Kinetic properties of raffinose synthase from rice (Oryza sativa L.). FOOD BIOSCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Thirunathan P, Manickavasagan A. Processing methods for reducing alpha-galactosides in pulses. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:3334-3348. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1490886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Biosynthesis of levan from sucrose using a thermostable levansucrase from Lactobacillus reuteri LTH5448. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:29-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abasubong KP, Liu WB, Zhang DD, Yuan XY, Xia SL, Xu C, Li XF. Fishmeal replacement by rice protein concentrate with xylooligosaccharides supplement benefits the growth performance, antioxidant capability and immune responses against Aeromonas hydrophila in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 78:177-186. [PMID: 29684610 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of fishmeal (FM) replacement by rice protein concentrate (RPC) with a xylooligosaccharides supplement on the growth performance, antioxidant capability and immune response against Aeromonas hydrophila in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Fish (46.85 ± 0.34 g) were randomly assigned to one of 6 diets, namely the control diet (containing FM), the RPC diet (FM replaced by RPC) and RPC diet supplemented with 0.5, 1.5, 2.3 and 3% XOS respectively, for 8 weeks. After the feeding trial, fish were challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila for 96 h with the blood and liver sample obtained at 48 and 96 h respectively. The results showed that the final weight, weight gain and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed RPC diet were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of the control group, whereas the opposite was true for FCR. However, the supplement of 1.5% XOS remarkably (P < 0.05) improved these parameters compared to the control diet. Plasma total iron binding capacity of fish fed the RPC diet showed little difference (P > 0.05) with that of the control group, but it enhanced significantly (P < 0.05) with the supplement of 1.5% XOS compared to the control group. After bacterial infection, plasma lysozyme (LYM), complement 3, complement 4, myeloperoxidase (MPO), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase activities, as well as immunoglobulin M, levels all increased significantly (P < 0.05) with the maximum value is attained at 48 h, then they decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with further increasing time at 96 h. Similar results were also observed in liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Regarding dietary treatment, these parameters of fish fed RPC diet showed little difference (P > 0.05) with those fed the control diet but were significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) when RPC diet was supplemented with 1.5-2.3% XOS, except for hepatic (MDA) content which showed an opposite trend compared to the control group. After 96 h of challenge, the relative percentage survival (RPS) of fish fed XOS was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of fish offered the control and RPC diet. In addition, significant (P < 0.05) interactions between dietary XOS and sampling time were also observed in plasma LYM, MPO, ACP, and hepatic SOD, CAT, GPX, MDA, as well as RPS. In conclusion, this study indicated that dietary supplementation of 1.5%XOS could significantly improve the growth performance, antioxidant capability, innate immunity and A. hydrophila resistance of blunt snout bream fed diets with FM replaced by RPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Prudence Abasubong
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Lei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Liu J, Lei L, Ye F, Zhou Y, Younis HGR, Zhao G. Aggregates of octenylsuccinate oat β-glucan as novel capsules to stabilize curcumin over food processing, storage and digestive fluids and to enhance its bioavailability. Food Funct 2018; 9:491-501. [PMID: 29243747 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01569k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-aggregates of octenylsuccinate oat β-glucan (AOSG) have been verified as nanocapsules to load curcumin, a representative of hydrophobic phytochemicals. This study primarily investigated the stability of curcumin-loaded AOSGs over food processing, storage and digestive fluids. Curcumin in AOSGs showed better stability over storage and thermal treatment than its free form. Curcumin loaded in AOSGs stored at 4 °C in the dark exhibited higher stability than that at higher temperatures or exposed to light. Approximately 18% of curcumin was lost after five freeze-thaw cycles. Curcumin in AOSG was more stable than its free form in mimetic intestinal fluids, attesting to the effective protection of AOSG for curcumin over digestive environments. When curcumin-loaded AOSG travelled across mimetic gastric and intestinal fluids, curcumin was tightly accommodated in the capsule, while it rapidly escaped as the capsule reached the colon. Interestingly, the curcumin loaded in AOSG generated higher values of Cmax and area under the curve than did its free counterpart. These observations showed that AOSG is a powerful vehicle for stabilizing hydrophobic phytochemicals in food processing and storage, facilitating their colon-targeted delivery and enhancing their bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Chongqing, 400715 PR China.
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Chen N, Chen J, Yao B, Li Z. QSAR Study on Antioxidant Tripeptides and the Antioxidant Activity of the Designed Tripeptides in Free Radical Systems. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061407. [PMID: 29890782 PMCID: PMC6100293 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were determined based on 91 antioxidant tripeptides. We firstly adopted the stepwise regression (SWR) method for selecting key variables without autocorrelation and then utilized multiple linear regression (MLR), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and partial least square regression (PLS) to develop predictive QSAR models based on the screened variables. The results demonstrated that all the established models have good reliability (R²train > 0.86, Q²train > 0.70) and relatively good predictability (R²test > 0.88). The contribution of amino acid residues was calculated from the stepwise regression combined with multiple linear regression (SWR-MLR) method model that shows Trp, Tyr, or Cys at C-terminus is favorable for antioxidant activity of tripeptides. Nineteen antioxidant tripeptides were designed based on SWR-MLR models, and the antioxidant activity of these tripeptides were evaluated using three antioxidant assays in free radical systems (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay, and the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay). The experimental antioxidant activities of these tripeptides were higher than the calculated/predicted activity values of the QSAR models. The QSAR models established can be used to identify and screen novel antioxidant tripeptides with high activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chen
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Ji Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Bo Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Zhengguo Li
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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Preparation and cellular protection against oxidation of Konjac oligosaccharides obtained by combination of γ -irradiation and enzymatic hydrolysis. Food Res Int 2018; 107:93-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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37
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Sun X, Matus JT, Wong DCJ, Wang Z, Chai F, Zhang L, Fang T, Zhao L, Wang Y, Han Y, Wang Q, Li S, Liang Z, Xin H. The GARP/MYB-related grape transcription factor AQUILO improves cold tolerance and promotes the accumulation of raffinose family oligosaccharides. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1749-1764. [PMID: 29385617 PMCID: PMC5888914 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is a widely cultivated fruit crop whose growth and productivity are greatly affected by low temperatures. On the other hand, wild Vitis species represent valuable genetic resources of natural stress tolerance. We have isolated and characterized a MYB-like gene encoding a putative GARP-type transcription factor from Amur grape (V. amurensis) designated as VaAQUILO. AQUILO (AQ) is induced by cold in both V. amurensis and V. vinifera, and its overexpression results in significantly improved tolerance to cold both in transgenic Arabidopsis and in Amur grape calli. In Arabidopsis, the ectopic expression of VaAQ increased antioxidant enzyme activities and up-regulated reactive oxygen species- (ROS) scavenging-related genes. Comparative mRNA sequencing profiling of 35S:VaAQ Arabidopsis plants suggests that this transcription factor is related to phosphate homeostasis like their Arabidopsis closest homologues: AtHRS1 and AtHHO2. However, when a cold stress is imposed, AQ is tightly associated with the cold-responsive pathway and with the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), as observed by the up-regulation of galactinol synthase (GoLS) and raffinose synthase genes. Gene co-expression network (GCN) and cis-regulatory element (CRE) analyses in grapevine indicated AQ as potentially regulating VvGoLS genes. Increased RFO content was confirmed in both transgenic Arabidopsis and Amur grape calli overexpressing VaAQ. Taken together, our results imply that AQ improves cold tolerance through promoting the accumulation of osmoprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - José Tomás Matus
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Darren Chern Jan Wong
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Zemin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fengmei Chai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Langlang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Haiping Xin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
- Correspondence: or
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Shokryazdan P, Jahromi MF, MD Saadand S, Ebrahimi M, Idrus Z, Zhou H, Diao XP, Liang JB. Chinese Herbal Medicines as Potential Agents for Alleviation of Heat Stress in Poultry. SCIENTIFICA 2017; 2017:8208261. [PMID: 29209556 PMCID: PMC5676482 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8208261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress negatively affects the productivity of chickens in commercial poultry farms in humid tropics. In this study, the concentrations and types of the antioxidant compounds of eight Chinese herbal medicines, which have previously demonstrated promising effects on suppressing heat stress as a mixture, were investigated using reversed-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography, spectrophotometry, Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry, and Gas-Liquid Chromatography. Our results provided the levels of phenolic compounds, total amounts of sugars, and total unsaturated fatty acids in the herbal extracts. Apart from the detection and quantification of the active ingredients of herbs that have the potential to mitigate heat stress in poultry, results of this study also provide useful data for developing an efficient and accurate formulation of the herbs' mixtures in order to induce positive effects against heat stress in in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Shokryazdan
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), East and North-East Branch, P.O. Box 91735 844, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), East and North-East Branch, P.O. Box 91735 844, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Salwani MD Saadand
- Halal Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahdi Ebrahimi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hailong Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiao Ping Diao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Juan Boo Liang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Gomaa EZ. Effect of prebiotic substances on growth, fatty acid profile and probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus brevis NM101-1. Microbiology (Reading) 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261717050095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Hepatic proteome changes induced by dietary supplementation with two levels of native chicory inulin in young pigs. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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41
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Impact of storage on phytochemicals and milk proteins in peach yoghurt. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-017-9562-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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Murtaza MA, Huma N, Shabbir MA, Murtaza MS, Anees-ur-Rehman M. Survival of micro-organisms and organic acid profile of probiotic Cheddar cheese from buffalo milk during accelerated ripening. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mian A Murtaza
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition; University of Sargodha; Sargodha 40100 Pakistan
| | - Nuzhat Huma
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology; University of Agriculture; Faisalabad 38040 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad A Shabbir
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology; University of Agriculture; Faisalabad 38040 Pakistan
| | - Mian S Murtaza
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture; Multan 60000 Pakistan
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Santiago-García PA, Mellado-Mojica E, León-Martínez FM, López MG. Evaluation of Agave angustifolia fructans as fat replacer in the cookies manufacture. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Franco-Robles E, López MG. Agavins Increase Neurotrophic Factors and Decrease Oxidative Stress in the Brains of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21080998. [PMID: 27490526 PMCID: PMC6273709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21080998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fructans obtained from agave, called agavins, have recently shown significant benefits for human health including obesity. Therefore, we evaluated the potential of agavins as neuroprotectors and antioxidants by determining their effect on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) as well as oxidative brain damage in of obese mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and treated daily with 5% (HFD/A5) or 10% (HFD/A10) of agavins or a standard diet (SD) for 10 weeks. The levels of BDNF and GDNF were evaluated by ELISA. The oxidative stress was evaluated by lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and carbonyls. SCFAs were also measured with GC-FID. Differences between groups were assessed using ANOVA and by Tukey's test considering p < 0.05. RESULTS The body weight gain and food intake of mice HFD/A10 group were significantly lower than those in the HFD group. Agavins restored BDNF levels in HFD/A5 group and GDNF levels of HFD/A5 and HFD/A10 groups in cerebellum. Interestingly, agavins decreased TBARS levels in HFD/A5 and HFD/A10 groups in the hippocampus, frontal cortex and cerebellum. Carbonyl levels were also lower in HFD/A5 and HFD/A10 for only the hippocampus and cerebellum. It was also found that agavins enhanced SCFAs production in feces. CONCLUSION Agavins may act as bioactive ingredients with antioxidant and protective roles in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Franco-Robles
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad de Biotecnología e Ingeniería Genética de Plantas, Irapuato, Guanajuato C.P. 36821, México.
| | - Mercedes G López
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad de Biotecnología e Ingeniería Genética de Plantas, Irapuato, Guanajuato C.P. 36821, México.
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Pereira E, Cavalcanti R, Esmerino E, Silva R, Guerreiro L, Cunha R, Bolini H, Meireles M, Faria J, Cruz A. Effect of incorporation of antioxidants on the chemical, rheological, and sensory properties of probiotic petit suisse cheese. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:1762-1772. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Pereira E, Faria J, Cavalcanti R, Garcia R, Silva R, Esmerino E, Cappato L, Arellano D, Raices R, Silva M, Padilha M, Meireles M, Bolini H, Cruz A. Oxidative stress in probiotic Petit Suisse: Is the jabuticaba skin extract a potential option? Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Wang ZJ, Xie JH, Shen MY, Tang W, Wang H, Nie SP, Xie MY. Carboxymethylation of polysaccharide from Cyclocarya paliurus and their characterization and antioxidant properties evaluation. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 136:988-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Florowska A, Krygier K, Florowski T, Dłużewska E. Prebiotics as functional food ingredients preventing diet-related diseases. Food Funct 2016; 7:2147-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01459j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the potential of prebiotic-containing foods in the prevention or postponement of certain diet-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases with hypercholesterolemia, osteoporosis, diabetes, gastrointestinal infections and gut inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Florowska
- Department of Food Technology
- Faculty of Food Sciences
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW
- 02-787 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - K. Krygier
- Department of Food Technology
- Faculty of Food Sciences
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW
- 02-787 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - T. Florowski
- Department of Food Technology
- Faculty of Food Sciences
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW
- 02-787 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - E. Dłużewska
- Department of Food Technology
- Faculty of Food Sciences
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW
- 02-787 Warsaw
- Poland
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49
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Gut morphology and hepatic oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles fed plant feedstuffs or fishmeal-based diets supplemented with short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides and xylo-oligosaccharides. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:1975-84. [PMID: 26435350 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515003773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS) and xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) on gut morphology and hepatic oxidative status were studied in European sea bass juveniles weighing 60 g. Fish were fed diets including fishmeal (FM diets) or plant feedstuffs (PF diets; 30 FM:70 PF) as main protein sources (control diets). Four other diets were formulated similar to the control diets but including 1 % scFOS or 1 % XOS. At the end of the trial, fish fed PF-based diets presented histomorphological alterations in the distal intestine, whereas only transient alterations were observed in the pyloric caeca. Comparatively to fish fed FM-based diets, fish fed PF diets had higher liver lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and lower glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities. In fish fed the PF diets, prebiotic supplementation decreased SOD activity and XOS supplementation further decreased CAT activity. In fish fed the FM diets, XOS supplementation promoted a reduction of all antioxidant enzyme activities. Overall, dietary XOS and scFOS supplementation had only minor effects on gut morphology or LPO levels. However, dietary XOS reduced antioxidant enzymatic activity in both PF and FM diets, which indicate a positive effect on reduction of hepatic reactive oxygen species production.
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Di Bartolomeo F, Van den Ende W. Fructose and Fructans: Opposite Effects on Health? PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 70:227-37. [PMID: 25904233 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-015-0485-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Fructans are fructose-based oligo-and polysaccharides of natural origin. Fructan and fructose species are sometimes confused by the great public, although they clearly have different biochemical and physiological properties. This review discusses aspects of the use of fructose and fructans in foods in the context of human health, with possible differential effects on cellular autophagy in cells of the human body. Although there are uncertainties on the daily levels of ingested fructose to be considered harmful to human health, there is an emerging consensus on the benefits of the use of fructans in functional foods, sustaining health via direct immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects or through indirect, prebiotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Bartolomeo
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/2, 8010, Graz, Austria
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