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Zhang X, Liang Y, Huang S, Guo B. Chitosan-based self-healing hydrogel dressing for wound healing. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 332:103267. [PMID: 39121832 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Skin has strong self-regenerative capacity, while severe skin defects do not heal without appropriate treatment. Therefore, in order to cover the wound sites and hasten the healing process, wound dressings are required. Hydrogels have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for wound dressings because of their hydrated and porous molecular structure. Chitosan (CS) with biocompatibility, oxygen permeability, hemostatic and antimicrobial properties is beneficial for wound treatment and it can generate self-healing hydrogels through reversible crosslinks, from dynamic covalent bonding, such as Schiff base bonds, boronate esters, and acylhydrazone bonds, to physical interactions like hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, ionic bonding, metal-coordination, host-guest interactions, and hydrophobic interaction. Therefore, various chitosan-based self-healing hydrogel dressings have been prepared in recent years to cope with increasingly complex wound conditions. This review's objective is to provide comprehensive information on the self-healing mechanism of chitosan-based hydrogel wound dressings, discuss their advanced functions including antibacterial, conductive, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, stimulus-responsive, hemostatic/adhesive and controlled release properties, further introduce their applications in the promotion of wound healing in two categories: acute and chronic (infected, burn and diabetic) wounds, and finally discuss the future perspective of chitosan-based self-healing hydrogel dressings for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yongping Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shengfei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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2
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Yuan BQ, Yu TH, Chen SC, Zhang ZQ, Guo ZK, Huang GX, Xiao JH, Huang DW. Physical and chemical characterization of chitin and chitosan extracted under different treatments from black soldier fly. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135228. [PMID: 39233158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The shell of Hermetia illucens L. contains considerable amounts of chitin, which has various biological activities. So far, few studies have focused on chitin of Hermetia illucens L. as a source of chitosan and oligosaccharides. There is great potential for utilizing Hermetia illucens L. chitin to produce chitosan films in biomaterials. We studied different extraction conditions for chitin and extracted it from black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens L.). Three processing steps were adopted: (1) demineralization, (2) deproteinization, and (3) decolorization. The chemical components (moisture, ash, protein, fat, residual protein, and residual mineral contents) and physicochemical characteristics of the chitin and chitosan extracted under these three conditions were determined. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the extracted chitin and commercial samples, and the results showed that demineralization-deproteinization-decolorization treatments could achieve the highest chitin yield (7.18 ± 0.11 %), chitosan yield (64.22 ± 0.79 %), and the best purity (residual protein 0.56 ± 0.01 % and residual ash 0.58 ± 0.04 %), making it the best treatment method. Using this method, the residues produced from farmed BSF can be recycled and used as a new source of chitin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Qiao Yuan
- Nankai University, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin 300000, China.
| | - Ting-Hao Yu
- Nankai University, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Si-Cong Chen
- Nankai University, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Zong-Qi Zhang
- Nankai University, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Zhi-Kun Guo
- Nankai University, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Guo-Xin Huang
- Nankai University, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Jin-Hua Xiao
- Nankai University, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin 300000, China.
| | - Da-Wei Huang
- Nankai University, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin 300000, China.
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Fatullayeva SS, Tagiyev DB, Zeynalov NA, Raucci MG, Amendola E, d'Ayala GG, Guliyev AD, Tagiyev S, Marcedula MR, Demitri C, Guliyeva AR, Suleymanova RH. Synthesis and characterization of modified chitosan as a promising material for enterosorption of heavy metal ions. Carbohydr Res 2024; 545:109255. [PMID: 39236346 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Currently, an important ecological problem is environmental pollution and its negative impact on living organisms, the consequences of which are deterioration in general health and the manifestation of various diseases, poisoning, endo- and exotoxicosis. Enterosorption method was proposed as a promising method for removing toxic substances from the living organisms using enterosorbents which can absorb various toxic substances of endogenous and exogenous nature in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. It has been proposed to use polymer-containing enterosorbents for eliminating of heavy metals from the organism. The purpose of this research was to synthesize a quaternized derivative of chitosan, specifically N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl chitosan chloride (Q-CHS). The synthesis of Q-CHS involved the formation of a Schiff base, followed by the quaternization of the amino group of chitosan (CHS). The structures of both pure CHS and quaternized CHS were studied using various physico-chemical methods, including FTIR, NMR, XRD, SEM, DSC and TGA analyses in order to determine the structure and confirm the formation of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Fatullayeva
- Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Institute Named After Academician M. Nagiyev of Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, 1143, Azerbaijan.
| | - D B Tagiyev
- Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Institute Named After Academician M. Nagiyev of Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, 1143, Azerbaijan
| | - N A Zeynalov
- Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Institute Named After Academician M. Nagiyev of Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, 1143, Azerbaijan
| | - M G Raucci
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials of the National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - E Amendola
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials of the National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - G Gomez d'Ayala
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials of the National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - A D Guliyev
- Institute of Petrochemical Processes Named After Academician Y. Mamedaliyev of Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, 1025, Azerbaijan
| | - ShD Tagiyev
- Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, 1022, Azerbaijan
| | - M R Marcedula
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials of the National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - C Demitri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - A R Guliyeva
- Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Institute Named After Academician M. Nagiyev of Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, 1143, Azerbaijan
| | - R H Suleymanova
- Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Institute Named After Academician M. Nagiyev of Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, 1143, Azerbaijan
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4
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Keerthika K, Jayakumar M. Extraction, characterization and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of chitosan from adult Zophobas morio (Fabricius, 1776) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135188. [PMID: 39216586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The increasing demand for chitosan has led to the exploration of alternative sources, including insects. In this study, chitosan was extracted from Zophobas morio beetles with 19.17 % yield. FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy showed similar peaks in Z. morio chitosan (ZC) and commercial chitosan (CC). ZC showed low crystallinity (40.96 %) and high thermal residual mass (42.7 %) than CC. SEM imaging of ZC displayed pores ranging from 10 μm to 0.3 μm. EDX mapping revealed the homogenous presence of C, N and O elements. ZC exhibited low molecular weight (435.95 kDa) and low intrinsic viscosity (317.95 cm3/g) than CC (680.20 kDa and 480.87 cm3/g, respectively). Degree of deacetylation of ZC and CC was 96.24 % and 78.26 %, respectively. ZC showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 13883), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 29906), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) with zones of inhibition ranging from 5 mm to 11 mm. The minimum bactericidal concentration of ZC against K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis was lower than CC. This study suggests the applicability of insect chitosan as an antimicrobial agent in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Keerthika
- Unit of Applied Entomology, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manickkam Jayakumar
- Unit of Applied Entomology, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Vitti A, Coviello L, Triunfo M, Guarnieri A, Scieuzo C, Salvia R, Falabella P, Nuzzaci M. In vitro antifungal activity and in vivo edible coating efficacy of insect-derived chitosan against Botrytis cinerea in strawberry. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135158. [PMID: 39214206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Strawberry is a perishable fruit, susceptible to development of rot by a range of fungi, in particular Botrytis cinerea. Chitosan represents an alternative to agrochemicals for improving shelf-life and fighting fungal pathogens. A chitosan-based coating derived from pupal exuviae of Hermetia illucens has been recently formulated for improving shelf-life of strawberry stored at 4 °C and mixed condition (4 °C and room temperature). The effects of a decolored (PEDEC) and not decolored (PEND) chitosan from the black soldier fly were evaluated and compared with commercial chitosans from crustaceans (CCs), in vitro and in vivo. An inhibition/reduction of fungal growth and a disturbance of normal fungal morphology were observed, being MIC of 0.5 mg mL-1 and 1 mg mL-1 and growth inhibition of 70 % and 4% for PEND and PEDEC, respectively. Both edible coatings distributed via aerograph showed equal or better potential application than CCs in controlling B. cinerea in strawberry post-harvest treated. Different effects for chitosans depended on their different molecular weight and deacetylation degree distributions, and the presence or absence of melanin pigments in their structure. PEND could act directly against the fungus, with effects predominantly associated with fungitoxic properties; PEDEC might principally provide viable alternatives, such as the elicitation of biochemical defense responses in fruits, for example through total phenols, in particular the flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Vitti
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Coviello
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Micaela Triunfo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Anna Guarnieri
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Carmen Scieuzo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; Spinoff XFlies s.r.l, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Salvia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; Spinoff XFlies s.r.l, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Falabella
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; Spinoff XFlies s.r.l, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Maria Nuzzaci
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
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Wijesekara T, Xu B. New Insights into Sources, Bioavailability, Health-Promoting Effects, and Applications of Chitin and Chitosan. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:17138-17152. [PMID: 39042786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Chitin and chitosan are mostly derived from the exoskeletons of crustaceans, insects, and fungi. Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose, and it is a fibrous polysaccharide which resists enzymatic degradation in the stomach but undergoes microbial fermentation in the colon, producing beneficial metabolites. Chitosan, which is more soluble in the alkaline small intestine, is more susceptible to enzymatic action. Both biopolymers show limited absorption into the bloodstream, with smaller particles exhibiting better bioavailability. The health effects include anti-inflammatory properties, potential in immune system modulation, impacts on cholesterol levels, and antimicrobial effects, with a specific focus on implications for gut health. Chitin and chitosan exhibit anti-inflammatory properties by interacting with immune cells, influencing cytokine production, and modulating immune responses, which may benefit conditions characterized by chronic inflammation. These biopolymers can impact cholesterol levels by binding to dietary fats and reducing lipid absorption. Additionally, their antimicrobial properties contribute to gut health by controlling harmful pathogens and promoting beneficial gut microbiota. This review explores the extensive health benefits and applications of chitin and chitosan, providing a detailed examination of their chemical compositions, dietary sources, and applications, and critically assessing their health-promoting effects in the context of human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharuka Wijesekara
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
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7
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Yarahmadi A, Dousti B, Karami-Khorramabadi M, Afkhami H. Materials based on biodegradable polymers chitosan/gelatin: a review of potential applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1397668. [PMID: 39157438 PMCID: PMC11327468 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1397668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased mass manufacturing and the pervasive use of plastics in many facets of daily life have had detrimental effects on the environment. As a result, these worries heighten the possibility of climate change due to the carbon dioxide emissions from burning conventional, non-biodegradable polymers. Accordingly, biodegradable gelatin and chitosan polymers are being created as a sustainable substitute for non-biodegradable polymeric materials in various applications. Chitosan is the only naturally occurring cationic alkaline polysaccharide, a well-known edible polymer derived from chitin. The biological activities of chitosan, such as its antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial qualities, have recently piqued the interest of researchers. Similarly, gelatin is a naturally occurring polymer derived from the hydrolytic breakdown of collagen protein and offers various medicinal advantages owing to its unique amino acid composition. In this review, we present an overview of recent studies focusing on applying chitosan and gelatin polymers in various fields. These include using gelatin and chitosan as food packaging, antioxidants and antimicrobial properties, properties encapsulating biologically active substances, tissue engineering, microencapsulation technology, water treatment, and drug delivery. This review emphasizes the significance of investigating sustainable options for non-biodegradable plastics. It showcases the diverse uses of gelatin and chitosan polymers in tackling environmental issues and driving progress across different industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Yarahmadi
- Department of Biology, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Behrooz Dousti
- Department of Biology, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Karami-Khorramabadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hamed Afkhami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Alborz, Iran
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Edo GI, Yousif E, Al-Mashhadani MH. Chitosan: An overview of biological activities, derivatives, properties, and current advancements in biomedical applications. Carbohydr Res 2024; 542:109199. [PMID: 38944980 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The second and most often utilized natural polymer is chitosan (CS), a naturally existing amino polysaccharide that is produced by deacetylating chitin. Numerous applications have been the subject of in-depth investigation due to its non-hazardous, biologically compatible, and biodegradable qualities. Chitosan's characteristics, such as mucoadhesion, improved permeability, controlled release of drugs, in situ gelation process, and antibacterial activity, depend on its amino (-NH2) and hydroxyl groups (-OH). This study examines the latest findings in chitosan research, including its characteristics, derivatives, preliminary research, toxic effects, pharmaceutical kinetics and chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) based for non-parenteral delivery of drugs. Chitosan and its derivatives have a wide range of physical and chemical properties that make them highly promising for use in the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries. The characteristics and biological activities of chitosan and its derivative-based nanomaterials for the delivery of drugs, therapeutic gene transfer, delivery of vaccine, engineering tissues, evaluations, and other applications in medicine are highlighted in detail in the current review. Together with the techniques for binding medications to nanoparticles, the application of the nanoparticles was also dictated by their physical properties that were classified and specified. The most recent research investigations on delivery of drugs chitosan nanoparticle-based medication delivery methods applied topically, through the skin, and through the eyes were considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Great Iruoghene Edo
- College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Emad Yousif
- College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Hemmami H, Ben Amor I, Zeghoud S, Ben Amor A, Laouini SE, Alsalme A, Cornu D, Bechelany M, Barhoum A. Chitosan extraction from Amanita phalloides: yield, crystallinity, degree of deacetylation, azo dye removal and antibacterial properties. Front Chem 2024; 12:1353524. [PMID: 38961857 PMCID: PMC11221422 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1353524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan, a biopolymer obtained from chitin, is known for its remarkable adsorption abilities for dyes, drugs, and fats, and its diverse array of antibacterial characteristics. This study explores the extraction and characterization of chitosan from the mycelium of Amanita phalloides. The moisture content, ash content, water binding capacity, fat binding capacity, and degree of deacetylation of the extracted chitosan were determined. The chitosan exhibited a high yield of 70%, crystallinity of 49.07%, a degree of deacetylation of 86%, and potent antimicrobial properties against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The study also examined the adsorption capabilities of chitosan to remove methylene blue (MB) dye by analysing specific factors like pH, reaction time, and MB concentration using the response surface model. The highest degree of MB dye removal was 91.6% at a pH of 6, a reaction time of around 60 min and an initial dye concentration of 16 ppm. This experimental design can be applied for chitosan adsorption of other organic compounds such as dyes, proteins, drugs, and fats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadia Hemmami
- Department of Process Engineering and Petrochemical, Faculty of Technology, University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria
- Renewable Energy Development Unit in Arid Zones (UDERZA), University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria
| | - Ilham Ben Amor
- Department of Process Engineering and Petrochemical, Faculty of Technology, University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria
- Renewable Energy Development Unit in Arid Zones (UDERZA), University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria
| | - Soumeia Zeghoud
- Department of Process Engineering and Petrochemical, Faculty of Technology, University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria
- Renewable Energy Development Unit in Arid Zones (UDERZA), University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria
| | - Asma Ben Amor
- Department of Process Engineering and Petrochemical, Faculty of Technology, University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria
- Renewable Energy Development Unit in Arid Zones (UDERZA), University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria
| | - Salah Eddine Laouini
- Department of Process Engineering and Petrochemical, Faculty of Technology, University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biotechnology Biomaterials and Condensed Materials, Faculty of Technology, University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria
| | - Ali Alsalme
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Cornu
- Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM), UMR 5635, University Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Mikhael Bechelany
- Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM), UMR 5635, University Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Gulf University for Science and Technology, GUST, Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Kuwait
| | - Ahmed Barhoum
- NanoStruc Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Triunfo M, Guarnieri A, Ianniciello D, Coltelli MB, Salvia R, Scieuzo C, De Bonis A, Falabella P. A comprehensive characterization of Hermetia illucens derived chitosan produced through homogeneous deacetylation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132669. [PMID: 38801847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The increasing demand for chitin and chitosan is driving research to explore alternative sources to crustaceans. Insects, particularly bioconverters as Hermetia illucens, are promising substitutes as they process food industry waste into valuable molecules, including chitin. Chitosan can be produced by chitin deacetylation: hot deacetylation to obtain a heterogeneous chitosan, the commonly produced, and cold deacetylation to obtain a homogeneous chitosan, not widely available. The two different treatments lead to a different arrangement of the amine and acetyl groups in the chitosan structure, affecting its molecular weight, deacetylation degree, and biological activity. This is the first report on the production and chemical-physical and biological characterization of homogenous chitosan derived from H. illucens larvae, pupal exuviae, and adults. This work, in addition to the report on heterogeneous chitosan by our research group, completes the overview of H. illucens chitosan. The yield values obtained for homogeneous chitosan from pupal exuviae (3 and 7 %) are in the range of insect (2-8 %) and crustaceans (4-15 %) chitosan. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity and antimicrobial properties against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Micrococcus flavus) bacteria confirmed the great versatility of H. illucens chitosan for biomedical and industrial applications and its suitability as an alternative source to crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Triunfo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata - Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Anna Guarnieri
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata - Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Dolores Ianniciello
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata - Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa - Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosanna Salvia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata - Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; Spinoff XFlies s.r.l, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Carmen Scieuzo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata - Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; Spinoff XFlies s.r.l, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Angela De Bonis
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata - Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Patrizia Falabella
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata - Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; Spinoff XFlies s.r.l, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
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11
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Rasweefali MK, Sabu S, Sreedevi OK, Rahman MKR, Shabeeba TK, Anoop KK, Sasidharan A, Sunooj KV. Influence of chitosan properties and operating parameters on the flocculation efficiency and harvesting of microalgae (Scenedesmus sp.). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132894. [PMID: 38844285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Physicochemical and structural characteristics of chitosan prepared from Deep-sea shrimp (DCs), including degree of deacetylation (DD), molecular weight (Mw), viscosity, crystallinity index (CrI) and surface morphology were compared with a commercial chitosan (CCs). The DCs had a higher DD of 81.33 ± 0.40 %, whereas the CCs had a lower DD of 74.62 ± 0.64 %. Additionally, the DCs exhibited a lower Mw of 192.47 ± 2.5 kDa and viscosity of 646.00 ± 4.00 cP compared to the CCs, which had a Mw of 202.44 ± 0.28 kDa and viscosity of 689.67 ± 5.91 cP. This study investigated the influence of chitosan properties, particularly DD and Mw on the harvesting of Scenedesmus sp. along with the chitosan dosage, pH of the culture medium, mixing speed and time. Under optimal operating conditions, the microalgae removal efficiency of the DCs reached a significantly higher level (94.71 ± 0.20 %) compared to that of CCs (88.25 ± 0.41 %). Chitosan with a higher DD and low Mw demonstrated superior flocculation efficiency. The results highlight the significance of DD and Mw of chitosan and its influence on the flocculation of microalgae, providing valuable insights for optimizing the harvesting process with the non-toxic and natural flocculent, chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Rasweefali
- School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Lakeside Campus, Cochin, Kerala 682 016, India.
| | - S Sabu
- School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Lakeside Campus, Cochin, Kerala 682 016, India.
| | - O K Sreedevi
- School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Lakeside Campus, Cochin, Kerala 682 016, India
| | - M K Raseel Rahman
- Department of Physics, Ansar Women's College, Thrissur, Kerala 680519, India
| | - T K Shabeeba
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India
| | - K K Anoop
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala 682 022, India
| | - A Sasidharan
- Department of Fish Processing Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Cochin, Kerala 682 506, India
| | - K V Sunooj
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
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12
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Marques LP, Bernardo YAA, Conte-Junior CA. Applications of high-intensity ultrasound on shrimp: Potential, constraints, and prospects in the extraction and retrieval of bioactive compounds, safety, and quality. J Food Sci 2024; 89:3148-3166. [PMID: 38685866 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The global shrimp market holds substantial prominence within the food industry, registering a significant USD 24.7 billion in worldwide exportation in 2020. However, the production of a safe and high-quality product requires consideration of various factors, including the potential for allergenic reactions, occurrences of foodborne outbreaks, and risks of spoilage. Additionally, the exploration of the recovery of bioactive compounds (e.g., astaxanthin [AX], polyunsaturated fatty acids, and polysaccharides) from shrimp waste demands focused attention. Within this framework, this review seeks to comprehend and assess the utilization of high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS), both as a standalone method and combined with other technologies, within the shrimp industry. The objective is to evaluate its applications, limitations, and prospects, with a specific emphasis on delineating the impact of sonication parameters (e.g., power, time, and temperature) on various applications. This includes an examination of undesirable effects and identifying areas of interest for current and prospective research. HIUS has demonstrated promise in enhancing the extraction of bioactive compounds, such as AX, lipids, and chitin, while concurrently addressing concerns such as allergen reduction (e.g., tropomyosin), inactivation of pathogens (e.g., Vibrio parahaemolyticus), and quality improvement, manifesting in reduced melanosis scores and improved peelability. Nonetheless, potential impediments, particularly related to oxidation processes, especially those associated with lipids, pose a hindrance to its widespread implementation, potentially impacting texture properties. Consequently, further optimization studies remain imperative. Moreover, novel applications of sonication in shrimp processing, including brining, thawing, and drying, represent a promising avenue for expanding the utilization of HIUS in the shrimp industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas P Marques
- Analytical and Molecular Laboratorial Center (CLAn), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yago A A Bernardo
- Analytical and Molecular Laboratorial Center (CLAn), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Conte-Junior
- Analytical and Molecular Laboratorial Center (CLAn), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control (INCQS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry (PPGBq), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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13
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Rahman MM, Byanju B, Lamsal BP. Protein, lipid, and chitin fractions from insects: Method of extraction, functional properties, and potential applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024; 64:6415-6431. [PMID: 36691837 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2168620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Edible insects are accepted as food and feed ingredients in many parts of the world. Insects account for more than 80% of animal kingdom providing rich biodiversity of protein and lipid profiles compared to conventional livestock. Insect biomasses contain an average of 35-62% protein, 3-57% lipid, and 3-12% chitin, and their nutritional values are widely recognized due to their presence, including minerals, and vitamins. While whole insects are consumed as eggs, larvae, pupae, or adults, there has been a recent uptick in interest to use fractions, e.g., protein, lipid, and chitin, as food and feed ingredients. To utilize these fractions in various food and feed preparations, a deeper understanding of the physicochemical as well as functional properties of the ingredients is required, which are generally impacted by extraction and preparation processes. Thus, the methods of extraction/purification are important to preserve the quality and functional properties of these ingredients. This paper discusses the extraction methods for insect protein, lipid, and chitin, their functional properties, and potential applications in food and feed applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahfuzur Rahman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Bibek Byanju
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Buddhi P Lamsal
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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14
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Giraldo JD, García Y, Vera M, Garrido-Miranda KA, Andrade-Acuña D, Marrugo KP, Rivas BL, Schoebitz M. Alternative processes to produce chitin, chitosan, and their oligomers. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121924. [PMID: 38431399 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable recovery of chitin and its derivatives from shellfish waste will be achieved when the industrial production of these polymers is achieved with a high control of their molecular structure, low costs, and acceptable levels of pollution. Therefore, the conventional chemical method for obtaining these biopolymers needs to be replaced or optimized. The goal of the present review is to ascertain what alternative methods are viable for the industrial-scale production of chitin, chitosan, and their oligomers. Therefore, a detailed review of recent literature was undertaken, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The analysis of the existing data allows suggesting that combining conventional, biological, and alternative methods is the most efficient strategy to achieve sustainable production, preventing negative impacts and allowing for the recovery of high added-value compounds from shellfish waste. In conclusion, a new process for obtaining chitinous materials is suggested, with the potential of reducing the consumption of reagents, energy, and water by at least 1/10, 1/4, and 1/3 part with respect to the conventional process, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Giraldo
- Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Sede Puerto Montt, Balneario Pelluco, Los Pinos s/n, Chile.
| | - Yadiris García
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Autopista Concepción-Talcahuano 7100, Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Myleidi Vera
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Karla A Garrido-Miranda
- Center of Waste Management and Bioenergy, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center (CGNA), Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Daniela Andrade-Acuña
- Centro de Docencia Superior en Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Sede Puerto Montt, Los Pinos s/n. Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Kelly P Marrugo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela de Química, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; Centro de Investigaciones en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados, CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Bernabé L Rivas
- Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Concepción 4080871, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mauricio Schoebitz
- Departamento de Suelos y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Agronomía, Campus Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Universidad de Concepción, Chile; Laboratory of Biofilms and Environmental Microbiology, Center of Biotechnology, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile
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15
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Duan Y, Jiang F, Li Q, McDowell A, Li Y, Wang Y, Liu S, Zhang C, Pan X. Multifunctional polysaccharide/metal/polyphenol double-crosslinked hydrogel for infected wound. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121912. [PMID: 38431415 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial-infected wounds present a significant challenge in the medical field, posing a severe threat to public health. Traditional wound dressings have limited efficacy in treating bacterial-infected wounds, and antibiotics suffer from cytotoxicity and drug resistance. Consequently, an urgent requirement exists for developing multifunctional wound dressings capable of providing superior antimicrobial activity and expediting wound repair. In recent years, chitosan-based natural polysaccharide hydrogels have garnered attention for their biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties, and ability to aid in hemostasis. This study presents the development of a multi-functional, bi-dynamic network hydrogel for the treatment of wounds infected with bacteria. The hydrogel consists of a backbone of chitosan grafted with chlorogenic acid (CA-ECS), oxidized pullulan polysaccharides (OP), and zinc ions (Zn2+). The CA-ECS/OP/Zn2+ hydrogel displayed strong adhesion, good injectability, and high mechanical strength and was biodegradable and biocompatible. Furthermore, adding Zn2+ and CA enhanced the hydrogel's mechanical properties and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. In a rat model of full-thickness skin wounds infected with S. aureus, the CA-ECS/OP/Zn2+ hydrogel demonstrated great anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, and folliculogenic properties, resulting in accelerated wound healing. The CA-ECS/OP/Zn2+ hydrogel has great potential for treating bacterial-infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Fuchen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Arlene McDowell
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Yingxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China.
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China.
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16
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Lee H, Kim J, Myung S, Jung TG, Han DW, Kim B, Lee JC. Extraction of γ-chitosan from insects and fabrication of PVA/γ-chitosan/kaolin nanofiber wound dressings with hemostatic properties. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:77. [PMID: 38693438 PMCID: PMC11063014 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
A nanofiber-based composite nonwoven fabric was fabricated for hemostatic wound dressing, integrating polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), kaolin, and γ-chitosan extracted from three type of insects. The γ-chitosan extracted from Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis exhibited the highest yield at 21.5%, and demonstrated the highest moisture-binding capacity at 535.6%. In the fabrication process of PVA/kaolin/γ-chitosan nonwoven fabrics, an electrospinning technique with needle-less and mobile spinneret was utilized, producing nanofibers with average diameters ranging from 172 to 277 nm. The PVA/kaolin/γ-chitosan nonwoven fabrics demonstrated enhanced biocompatibility, with cell survival rates under certain compositions reaching up to 86.9% (compared to 74.2% for PVA). Furthermore, the optimized fabric compositions reduced blood coagulation time by approximately 2.5-fold compared to PVA alone, highlighting their efficacy in hemostasis. In other words, the produced PVA/kaolin/γ-chitosan nonwoven fabrics offer potential applications as hemostatic wound dressings with excellent biocompatibility and improved hemostatic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakyong Lee
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyeong Kim
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Suwan Myung
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gon Jung
- Medical Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Chungju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongju Kim
- Dental Life Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Chang Lee
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Isa MT, Abdulkarim AY, Bello A, Bello TK, Adamu Y. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan for medical applications: A review. J Biomater Appl 2024; 38:1036-1057. [PMID: 38553786 DOI: 10.1177/08853282241243010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan has gained considerable recognition within the field of medical applications due to its exceptional biocompatibility and diverse range of properties. Nevertheless, prior reviews have primarily focused on its applications, offering limited insights into its source materials. Hence, there arises a compelling need for a comprehensive review that encompasses the entire chitin and chitosan life cycle: from the source of chitin and chitosan, extraction methods, and specific medical applications, to the various techniques employed in evaluating chitosan's properties. This all-encompassing review delves into the critical aspects of chitin and chitosan extraction, with a strong emphasis on the utilization of natural raw materials. It elucidates the various sources of these raw materials, highlighting their abundance and accessibility. Furthermore, a meticulous examination of extraction methods reveals the prevalent use of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the demineralization process, alongside citric, formic, and phosphoric acids. Based on current review information, these acids constitute a substantial 69.2% of utilization, surpassing other mentioned acids. Of notable importance, the review underscores the essential parameters for medical-grade chitosan. It advocates for a degree of deacetylation (DDA) falling within the range of 85%-95%, minimal protein content <1%, ash content <2%, and moisture content <10%. In conclusion, these crucial factors contribute to the understanding of Chitosan's production for medical applications, paving the way for advancements in biomedical research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abdullahi Bello
- Bioresources Development Unit, National Biotechnology Research and Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
- Bioproduction Department, Bioresources Development Centre, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | - Yusuf Adamu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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18
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Adamaki-Sotiraki C, Abenaim L, Mannucci A, Rumbos CI, Bedini S, Castagna A, Conte G, Tognocchi M, Dolianitis V, Athanassiou CG, Conti B. Performance of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae reared on organic waste diets and pupal chitin and chitosan yield. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:37366-37375. [PMID: 38772995 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Recently, much research has been oriented towards the influence of different food wastes and agricultural by-products on the final larval biomass and chemical composition of the insect species Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). However, there is a gap in the literature regarding the possible relationship between the feeding substrate of H. illucens larvae and chitin. In this context, in the present study, larvae of H. illucens derived from two populations (i.e., UNIPI and UTH), were reared on different diets composed of fruits, vegetables, and meat. Based on the results, the larval survival was high for all diets tested. Larval growth in terms of weight gain, larval length, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) depended on the composition of each diet. The chitin and chitosan composition of larvae, reared on different substrates, did not reveal significant differences. Given the fact that the feeding substrate represent a significant cost in the industrial production of insects, its correlation with a high value product (i.e. chitosan) is important. On the other hand, as the prepupal stage of H. illucens is currently used as animal feed, the metabolization of chitin by farmed animals when the larvae or prepupae were offered as feed could have adverse effects. Thus, depending on the final product that is to be produced, industries could benefit from the establishment of a suitable diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Adamaki-Sotiraki
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446, Volos, Greece.
| | - Linda Abenaim
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80 - 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessia Mannucci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80 - 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Christos I Rumbos
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446, Volos, Greece
| | - Stefano Bedini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80 - 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80 - 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Conte
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80 - 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Tognocchi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80 - 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Victor Dolianitis
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446, Volos, Greece
| | - Christos G Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446, Volos, Greece
| | - Barbara Conti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80 - 56124, Pisa, Italy
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19
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Ilijin L, Nikolić MV, Vasiljević ZZ, Todorović D, Mrdaković M, Vlahović M, Matić D, Tadić NB, Perić-Mataruga V. Sourcing chitin from exoskeleton of Tenebrio molitor fed with polystyrene or plastic kitchen wrap. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131731. [PMID: 38649081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In this work we have characterized and compared chitin sourced from exoskeleton of Tenebrio molitor larvae fed with polystyrene or plastic kitchen wrap combined with bran in the ratio 1: 1 with chitin sourced from larvae exoskeleton fed only with bran. Analysis of the frass by ATR-FTIR showed very similar spectra and confirmed degradation of the plastic feed components, while ATR-FTIR analysis of the exoskeleton verified the absence of any plastic residue. Deproteinization followed by demineralization produced 6.78-5.29 % chitin, showing that plastic (polystyrene or plastic kitchen wrap) in the larvae diet resulted in heavier insect exoskeleton, but yielded slightly less chitin, with the lowest value obtained for plastic kitchen wrap in the insect diet. The deacetylation degree of 98.17-98.61 % was determined from measured ATR-FTIR spectra. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of α-chitin with a crystallinity index of 66.5-62 % and crystallite size 4-5 nm. Thermogravimetric analysis showed similar degradation curves for all chitin samples, with two degradation steps. These results show that chitin sourced from exoskeleton of T. molitor larvae fed with plastic (polystyrene or plastic kitchen wrap) and contributing to significant biodegradation of major polluting materials can be a feasible and alternative source of chitin, further promoting a bio-circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Ilijin
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blv. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Maria Vesna Nikolić
- University of Belgrade - Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorka Z Vasiljević
- University of Belgrade - Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dajana Todorović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blv. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Mrdaković
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blv. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Vlahović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blv. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Matić
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blv. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nenad B Tadić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics, Studentski trg 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Perić-Mataruga
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blv. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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20
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Jędrzejczak E, Frąckowiak P, Sibillano T, Brendler E, Giannini C, Jesionowski T, Wysokowski M. Isolation and Structure Analysis of Chitin Obtained from Different Developmental Stages of the Mulberry Silkworm ( Bombyx mori). Molecules 2024; 29:1914. [PMID: 38731405 PMCID: PMC11084885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitin, a ubiquitous biopolymer, holds paramount scientific and economic significance. Historically, it has been primarily isolated from marine crustaceans. However, the surge in demand for chitin and the burgeoning interest in biopolymers have necessitated the exploration of alternative sources. Among these methods, the mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori) has emerged as a particularly intriguing prospect. To isolate chitin from Bombyx mori, a chemical extraction methodology was employed. This process involved a series of meticulously orchestrated steps, including Folch extraction, demineralization, deproteinization, and decolorization. The resultant chitin was subjected to comprehensive analysis utilizing techniques such as attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). The obtained results allow us to conclude that the Bombyx mori represents an attractive alternative source of α-chitin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryk Jędrzejczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland (T.J.)
| | - Patrycja Frąckowiak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland (T.J.)
| | - Teresa Sibillano
- Instituto Di Cristallografia-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC-CNR), I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Erica Brendler
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Lessingstr. 45, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Instituto Di Cristallografia-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC-CNR), I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland (T.J.)
| | - Marcin Wysokowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland (T.J.)
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21
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Karadeniz F, Kim SK. Phospho-Chitooligosaccharides below 1 kDa Inhibit HIV-1 Entry In Vitro. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3729-3740. [PMID: 38666962 PMCID: PMC11049328 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite present antiviral agents that can effectively work against HIV-1 replication, side effects and drug resistance have pushed researchers toward novel approaches. In this context, there is a continued focus on discovering new and more effective antiviral compounds, particularly those that have a natural origin. Polysaccharides are known for their numerous bioactivities, including inhibiting HIV-1 infection and replication. In the present study, phosphorylated chitosan oligosaccharides (PCOSs) were evaluated for their anti-HIV-1 potential in vitro. Treatment with PCOSs effectively protected cells from HIV-1-induced lytic effects and suppressed the production of HIV-1 p24 protein. In addition, results show that PCOSs lost their protective effect upon post-infection treatment. According to the results of ELISA, PCOSs notably disrupted the binding of HIV-1 gp120 protein to T cell surface receptor CD4, which is required for HIV-1 entry. Overall, the results point out that PCOSs might prevent HIV-1 infection at the entry stage, possibly via blocking the viral entry through disruption of virus-cell fusion. Nevertheless, the current results only present the potential of PCOSs, and further studies to elucidate its action mechanism in detail are needed to employ phosphorylation of COSs as a method to develop novel antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Karadeniz
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, ERICA Campus, 55 Hanyangdae-ro, Ansan 11558, Republic of Korea
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22
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Mascarenhas R, Hegde S, Manaktala N. Chitosan nanoparticle applications in dentistry: a sustainable biopolymer. Front Chem 2024; 12:1362482. [PMID: 38660569 PMCID: PMC11039901 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1362482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The epoch of Nano-biomaterials and their application in the field of medicine and dentistry has been long-lived. The application of nanotechnology is extensively used in diagnosis and treatment aspects of oral diseases. The nanomaterials and its structures are being widely involved in the production of medicines and drugs used for the treatment of oral diseases like periodontitis, oral carcinoma, etc. and helps in maintaining the longevity of oral health. Chitosan is a naturally occurring biopolymer derived from chitin which is seen commonly in arthropods. Chitosan nanoparticles are the latest in the trend of nanoparticles used in dentistry and are becoming the most wanted biopolymer for use toward therapeutic interventions. Literature search has also shown that chitosan nanoparticles have anti-tumor effects. This review highlights the various aspects of chitosan nanoparticles and their implications in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma Mascarenhas
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Shreya Hegde
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Nidhi Manaktala
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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23
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Li K, Wang J, Xu J, Sun X, Li P, Fan Y. Construction of chitosan-gelatin polysaccharide-protein composite hydrogel via mechanical stretching and its biocompatibility in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130357. [PMID: 38395273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides and protein macromolecules are the important components of extracellular matrix (ECM), but individual component generally exhibits weak mechanical property, limited biological function or strong immunogenicity in tissue engineering. Herein, gelatin (Gel) was deposited to the stretched (65 %) chitosan (CS) hydrogel substrates to fabricate the polysaccharide-protein CS-Gel-65 % composite hydrogels to mimic the natural component of ECM and improve the above deficiencies. CS hydrogel substrates under different stretching deformations exhibited tunable morphology, chemical property and wettability, having a vital influence on the secondary structures of deposited fibrous Gel protein, namely appearing with the decreased β-sheet content in stretched CS hydrogel. Gel also produced a more homogenous distribution on the stretched CS hydrogel substrate due to the unfolding of Gel and increased interactions between Gel and CS than on the unstretched substrate. Moreover, the polysaccharide-protein composite hydrogel possessed enhanced mechanical property and oriented structure via stretching-drying method. Besides, in vivo subcutaneous implantation indicated that the CS-Gel-65 % composite hydrogel showed lower immunogenicity, thinner fibrous capsule, better angiogenesis effect and increased M2/M1 of macrophage phenotype. Polysaccharide-protein CS-Gel-65 % composite hydrogel offers a novel material as a tissue engineering scaffold, which could promote angiogenesis and build a good immune microenvironment for the damaged tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; School of Medical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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24
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Gawali PP, Toragall V, Madhurya L, Yannam SK, Ezhil Vendan S. Physicochemical comparison of chitin characteristics in three major stored-product beetle pests: Implications for biofumigant toxicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130759. [PMID: 38493810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigates the chitin properties of stored-product insect pests and their association with the fumigant toxicity of garlic essential oil. Chitin isolates of Callosobruchus maculatus, Sitophilus oryzae, and Tribolium castaneum adults were characterized using FT-IR, XRD, EA, SEM-EDS, and NMR techniques. Fumigant toxicity assay was performed under airtight condition in glass vial. The S. oryzae contains highest chitin content (19 %), followed by T. castaneum (10 %) and C. maculatus (8 %). The degree of crystallinity was lower in C. maculatus (67.13 %) than in S. oryzae (77.05 %) and T. castaneum (76.56 %). Morphologically, C. maculatus chitin displayed a flat lamellar surface with pores, while S. oryzae and T. castaneum exhibited densely arranged microfibrils based surfaces. Fumigant toxicity assays revealed varied susceptibility levels, C. maculatus exhibited higher susceptibility (0.27 μL/L air of LC50) compared to S. oryzae and T. castaneum (14.35 and 3.74 μL/L air of LC50, respectively) to garlic essential oil. The higher chitin content, greater crystallinity, and densely arranged structures in S. oryzae might contribute to its tolerance towards fumigant. Additionally, physico-chemical properties and penetration potentiality of the bioactive constituents might be linked to the toxicity in insects. Understanding these relations can enrich knowledge of chitin's role in fumigant toxicity mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Prabhakar Gawali
- Traditional Foods and Applied Nutrition Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Veeresh Toragall
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India; Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570 020, India
| | - Lokesh Madhurya
- Food Protectants and Infestation Control Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India
| | - Sudheer Kumar Yannam
- Traditional Foods and Applied Nutrition Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Subramanian Ezhil Vendan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India; Food Protectants and Infestation Control Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India.
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25
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Sharaf M, Zahra AA, Alharbi M, Mekky AE, Shehata AM, Alkhudhayri A, Ali AM, Al Suhaimi EA, Zakai SA, Al Harthi N, Liu CG. Bee chitosan nanoparticles loaded with apitoxin as a novel approach to eradication of common human bacterial, fungal pathogens and treating cancer. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1345478. [PMID: 38559346 PMCID: PMC10978808 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1345478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the largest medical challenges because of the rising frequency of opportunistic human microbial infections across the globe. This study aimed to extract chitosan from the exoskeletons of dead bees and load it with bee venom (commercially available as Apitoxin [Api]). Then, the ionotropic gelation method would be used to form nanoparticles that could be a novel drug-delivery system that might eradicate eight common human pathogens (i.e., two fungal and six bacteria strains). It might also be used to treat the human colon cancer cell line (Caco2 ATCC ATP-37) and human liver cancer cell line (HepG2ATCC HB-8065) cancer cell lines. The x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) properties, ζ-potentials, and surface appearances of the nanoparticles were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). FTIR and XRD validated that the Api was successfully encapsulated in the chitosan nanoparticles (ChB NPs). According to the TEM, the ChB NPs and the ChB NPs loaded with Apitoxin (Api@ChB NPs) had a spherical shape and uniform size distribution, with non-aggregation, for an average size of approximately 182 and 274 ± 3.8 nm, respectively, and their Zeta potential values were 37.8 ± 1.2 mV and - 10.9 mV, respectively. The Api@ChB NPs had the greatest inhibitory effect against all tested strains compared with the ChB NPs and Api alone. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the Api, ChB NPs, and Api@ChB NPs were evaluated against the offer mentioned colony forming units (CFU/mL), and their lowest MIC values were 30, 25, and 12.5 μg mL-1, respectively, against Enterococcus faecalis. Identifiable morphological features of apoptosis were observed by 3 T3 Phototox software after Api@ChB NPs had been used to treat the normal Vero ATCC CCL-81, Caco2 ATCC ATP-37, and HepG2 ATCC HB-8065 cancer cell lines for 24 h. The morphological changes were clear in a concentration-dependent manner, and the ability of the cells was 250 to 500 μg mL-1. These results revealed that Api@ChB NPs may be a promising natural nanotreatment for common human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sharaf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, AL-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdullah A. Zahra
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, AL-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alsayed E. Mekky
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdelrazeq M. Shehata
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdulsalam Alkhudhayri
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Ali
- Department of Biology, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam A. Al Suhaimi
- Vice Presidency for Scientific Research and Innovation, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz and his Companions Foundation for Giftedness and Creativity “Mawhiba”, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadi A. Zakai
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Al Harthi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chen-Guang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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26
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Hénault-Ethier L, Quinche M, Reid B, Hotte N, Fortin A, Normandin É, de La Rochelle Renaud G, Rasooli Zadeh A, Deschamps MH, Vandenberg G. Opportunities and challenges in upcycling agri-food byproducts to generate insect manure (frass): A literature review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 176:169-191. [PMID: 38301601 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
A range of issues related to sustainability in the agrifood industry have spurred interest in mass production of insects as human food and animal feed alternatives. This rapidly evolving sector addresses several challenges, including the management of food waste or agrifood by-products and the production of alternative animal proteins demonstrating low environmental impacts that improve sector circularity. The mass production of insects on agrifood processing wastes or by-products represents an opportunity to address these challenges. While the production of insects offers prospects for sustainable protein production, a major side stream is the production of frass or larval excrement including uneaten feed and chitin-rich exuviae (derived from multiple larval moults). The production of each tonne of edible insects generates 2 to 4 tonnes of frass with an interesting potential in agriculture versus traditional organic amendments (compost, manure, biochar). This review aims to demonstrate the characteristics of frass, its common harvest and conditioning methods, its optimal application rates for planting crops, the mechanisms by which it can protect plants against biotic and abiotic stresses and demystify the risks and potential associated with its application in agriculture. The characteristics of frass are compared with those of conventional fertilizers or other. This report also compiles the Canadian, US and European regulatory frameworks as a novel plant fertilizer and aims to pave the way for future research necessary for its valorization in plant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Hénault-Ethier
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Eau Terre, Environnement Research Center, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada; TriCycle, Montreal, Québec, H4N 2R9, Canada.
| | - Mélissa Quinche
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Eau Terre, Environnement Research Center, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Béatrice Reid
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Eau Terre, Environnement Research Center, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Noémie Hotte
- TriCycle, Montreal, Québec, H4N 2R9, Canada; Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Alexis Fortin
- TriCycle, Montreal, Québec, H4N 2R9, Canada; École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 Rue Notre-Dame Ouest, Montréal, Québec, H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Étienne Normandin
- TriCycle, Montreal, Québec, H4N 2R9, Canada; Centre sur la Biodiversité, Université de Montréal, 4101 R. Sherbrooke E, Montréal, Québec, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | | | - Aliyeh Rasooli Zadeh
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Eau Terre, Environnement Research Center, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Deschamps
- Département des sciences animales, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Grant Vandenberg
- Département des sciences animales, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Mannucci A, Panariello L, Abenaim L, Coltelli MB, Ranieri A, Conti B, Santin M, Castagna A. From Food Waste to Functional Biopolymers: Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan Produced from Prepupae of Black Soldier Fly Reared with Different Food Waste-Based Diets. Foods 2024; 13:278. [PMID: 38254579 PMCID: PMC10814476 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of food waste as a rearing substrate to grow insects is an ecofriendly and sustainable alternative to food waste disposal. In the present research, Hermetia illucens prepupae were reared with a standard diet, different food waste-based diets based on vegetables, fruits, and meat, and a mixed one, where the previous three components were present equally. The demineralization and deproteination of the prepupae allowed for the obtainment of chitin that was then deacetylated to produce chitosan. Also, the bleaching of chitosan was attempted for further purification. The yield of the different reactions was investigated, and the infrared spectra of the obtained materials were analyzed to obtain information on the quantity and acetylation degree trend of the chitin and chitosan as a function of the diet. The possibility to slightly modulate the yield and acetylation degree of both biopolymers thanks to the specific diet was enlightened. Interestingly, the standard diet resulted in the highest fraction of chitin having the highest acetylation degree, and in the highest fraction of chitosan having the lowest acetylation degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Mannucci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.A.); (A.R.); (B.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Luca Panariello
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.P.); (M.B.C.)
| | - Linda Abenaim
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.A.); (A.R.); (B.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.P.); (M.B.C.)
| | - Annamaria Ranieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.A.); (A.R.); (B.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Barbara Conti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.A.); (A.R.); (B.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Marco Santin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.A.); (A.R.); (B.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.A.); (A.R.); (B.C.); (A.C.)
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28
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Tang Z, Luo J, Faqir Y, Zhang Y, Xue W, Zhao H, Jakhar AM, Tan C, Ma J. Berberine hydrochloride-loaded dung beetle chitosan/sodium alginate microspheres ameliorate DSS-induced colitis and regulate gut microorganisms in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128219. [PMID: 37981270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Berberine hydrochloride (BH) has long been known for its therapeutic efficacy. In the present study, we aimed to treat mice with colitis using dung beetle chitosan (DCS) -transported BH. To achieve this, BH-loaded DCS/sodium alginate microspheres (SA-DCS-BH) were prepared. The SA-DCS-BH was characterized using SEM, DLS, FT-IR, and XRD, then was used for administration and anti-inflammatory examination in mice. SEM and DLS confirmed the surface morphology of the microspheres, and the particle size was relatively uniform. FT-IR and XRD results confirmed that BH was successfully loaded. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that SA-DCS-BH had slow-release ability. After treatment with SA-DCS-BH, DAI was significantly reduced, colon weight and length increased, spleen length and weight reduced, concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in colonic tissues were reduced, and gut microbiota species abundance was modulated. In addition, this study found a correlation between specific microbes and colitis indicators, Muribaculaceae showed sequential growth after receiving BH, SA-CS-BH, and SA-DCS-BH treatments, respectively. It was concluded that SA-DCS-BH effectively delivered the BH to the intestine with slow-release ability and exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by immune response. Compared to commercial chitosan, DCS has potential for modulating intestinal microorganisms and more suitable carrier for intestinal drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Tang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilization and Modification of Sichuan Province, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jiali Luo
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilization and Modification of Sichuan Province, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yahya Faqir
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilization and Modification of Sichuan Province, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilization and Modification of Sichuan Province, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Wenqian Xue
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilization and Modification of Sichuan Province, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilization and Modification of Sichuan Province, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Ali Murad Jakhar
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilization and Modification of Sichuan Province, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Chengjia Tan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Mianyang Teachers' College, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Jiahua Ma
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilization and Modification of Sichuan Province, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
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29
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Wang Q, Li Q, Zhu L, Lin C, Chen Q, Chen H. Fabrication of Cu/ZnO-loaded chitosan hydrogel for an effective wound dressing material to advanced wound care and healing efficiency after caesarean section surgery. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e14366. [PMID: 37705319 PMCID: PMC10784619 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound infections and delayed complications after caesarean section surgical procedure to mothers would have a prevalence of discomfort, stress and dissatisfaction in the postpartum period. In this report, one-pot synthesis is used for the preparation of chitosan (CS)-based copper nanoparticles (nCu), which was used for the preparation of zinc oxide (ZnO) hydrogel as wound dressing materials after surgery. The antibacterial activity of (CS-nCu/ZnO) developed hydrogels was studied zone of inhibition, against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial activity of the CS-nCu/ZnO hydrogel demonstrated that nanoformulated hydrogel materials have provided excellent bactericidal action against clinically approved bacterial pathogens. The biocompatibility and in vitro wound healing potential of the developed wound closure materials were studied by MTT assay and wound scratch assay methods, respectively. The MTT assay and cell migration assay results demonstrated that CS-nCu/ZnO hydrogel material induces cell compatibility and effective cell proliferation ability. These findings suggest that the CS-nCu/ZnO hydrogel outperforms CS-ZnO in terms of wound healing and could be used as a wound closure material in caesarean section wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoying Wang
- Department of GynecologyWenling First People's HospitalWenlingChina
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of GynecologyWenling First People's HospitalWenlingChina
| | - Lingping Zhu
- Department of ObstetricsWenling First People's HospitalWenlingChina
| | - Chenxiao Lin
- Department of ObstetricsWenling First People's HospitalWenlingChina
| | - Qiaoling Chen
- Department of ObstetricsWenling First People's HospitalWenlingChina
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of GynecologyWenling First People's HospitalWenlingChina
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Abenaim L, Conti B. Chitosan as a Control Tool for Insect Pest Management: A Review. INSECTS 2023; 14:949. [PMID: 38132623 PMCID: PMC10744275 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan, a polysaccharide derived from the deacetylation of chitin, is a versatile and eco-friendly biopolymer with several applications. Chitosan is recognized for its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity, beyond its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumoral activities. Thanks to its properties, chitosan is used in many fields including medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics, textile, nutrition, and agriculture. This review focuses on chitosan's role as a tool in insect pest control, particularly for agriculture, foodstuff, and public health pests. Different formulations, including plain chitosan, chitosan coating, chitosan with nematodes, chitosan's modifications, and chitosan nanoparticles, are explored. Biological assays using these formulations highlighted the use of chitosan-essential oil nanoparticles as an effective tool for pest control, due to their enhanced mobility and essential oils' prolonged release over time. Chitosan's derivatives with alkyl, benzyl, and acyl groups showed good activity against insect pests due to improved solubility and enhanced activity compared to plain chitosan. Thus, the purpose of this review is to provide the reader with updated information concerning the use and potential applications of chitosan formulations as pest control tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Abenaim
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
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31
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Wang Y, Chen L, Wang Y, Wang X, Qian D, Yan J, Sun Z, Cui P, Yu L, Wu J, He Z. Marine biomaterials in biomedical nano/micro-systems. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:408. [PMID: 37926815 PMCID: PMC10626837 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02112-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine resources in unique marine environments provide abundant, cost-effective natural biomaterials with distinct structures, compositions, and biological activities compared to terrestrial species. These marine-derived raw materials, including polysaccharides, natural protein components, fatty acids, and marine minerals, etc., have shown great potential in preparing, stabilizing, or modifying multifunctional nano-/micro-systems and are widely applied in drug delivery, theragnostic, tissue engineering, etc. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the most current marine biomaterial-based nano-/micro-systems developed over the past three years, primarily focusing on therapeutic delivery studies and highlighting their potential to cure a variety of diseases. Specifically, we first provided a detailed introduction to the physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of natural marine biocomponents in their raw state. Furthermore, the assembly processes, potential functionalities of each building block, and a thorough evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of advanced marine biomaterial-based systems and their effects on molecular pathophysiological processes were fully elucidated. Finally, a list of unresolved issues and pivotal challenges of marine-derived biomaterials applications, such as standardized distinction of raw materials, long-term biosafety in vivo, the feasibility of scale-up, etc., was presented. This review is expected to serve as a roadmap for fundamental research and facilitate the rational design of marine biomaterials for diverse emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth Systems, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth Systems, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 55000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuanzheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 55000, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth Systems, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth Systems, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Deyao Qian
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth Systems, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth Systems, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Jiahui Yan
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth Systems, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth Systems, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Zeyu Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 55000, Guizhou, China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Liangmin Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth Systems, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth Systems, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Zhiyu He
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth Systems, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth Systems, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572024, China.
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Kawasaki K, Zhao J, Takao N, Sato M, Ban T, Tamamaki K, Kagami M, Yano K. Sustenance Trial to Analyze the Effects of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal on the Reproductive Efficiency of Sows and the Hematological Properties of Suckling and Weaning Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3410. [PMID: 37958165 PMCID: PMC10647472 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The escalating demand for meat, driven by global population growth, necessitates sustainable solutions for animal feed production. This study investigated the effects of substituting conventional protein resources in sow and piglet dietary regimens with black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) meal on reproductive efficiency, blood profile, piglet growth, and intestinal tissue morphology. The results indicate that substituting animal-derived and soy proteins with BSF meal does not compromise sow reproductive performance. Although no notable disparities were observed in piglet growth, the feed conversion ratio from the 28- to 35-day age marks were lower in the BSF-fed groups. This suggests that the animal protein-BSF substitution rate may require optimization, potentially involving chitin removal from BSF meal to enhance digestibility. Minor variations in the hematological composition and properties in piglets, with elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the high BSF group at the 28-day mark, were potentially attributable to the unique fatty acid composition of BSF meal. Moreover, this study potentiates future exploration into the efficacy of complete animal protein substitution with BSF meals on piglet nutrition and physiology, particularly in fattening pigs. The practical implementation of BSF meals in animal feed production holds promise for enhancing the sustainability of the swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyonori Kawasaki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Junliang Zhao
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Natsu Takao
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Masaki Sato
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Takuma Ban
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Kaoru Tamamaki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Masanori Kagami
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Kiminobu Yano
- University Farm, Kagawa University, Showa 300-2, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2304, Japan
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Luo X, Tian B, Zhai Y, Guo H, Liu S, Li J, Li S, James TD, Chen Z. Room-temperature phosphorescent materials derived from natural resources. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:800-812. [PMID: 37749285 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials have enormous potential in many different areas. Additionally, the conversion of natural resources to RTP materials has attracted considerable attention. Owing to their inherent luminescent properties, natural materials can be efficiently converted into sustainable RTP materials. However, to date, only a few reviews have focused on this area of endeavour. Motivated by this lack of coverage, in this Review, we address this shortcoming and introduce the types of natural resource available for the preparation of RTP materials. We mainly focus on the inherent advantages of natural resources for RTP materials, strategies for activating and enhancing the RTP properties of the natural resources as well as the potential applications of these RTP materials. In addition, we discuss future challenges and opportunities in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Bing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingxiang Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongda Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, P. R. China.
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
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Mohan K, Rajan DK, Ganesan AR, Divya D, Johansen J, Zhang S. Chitin, chitosan and chitooligosaccharides as potential growth promoters and immunostimulants in aquaculture: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126285. [PMID: 37582433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
There is a stable growth in aquaculture production to avoid seafood scarcity. The usage of eco-friendly feed additives is not only associated with aquatic animal health but also reduces the risk of deleterious effects to the environment and consumers. Aquaculture researchers are seeking dietary solutions to improve the growth performance and yield of target organisms. A wide range of naturally derived compounds such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, complex carbohydrates, nutritional factors, herbs, hormones, vitamins, and cytokines was utilized as immunostimulants in aquaculture. The use of polysaccharides derived from natural resources, such as alginate, agar, laminarin, carrageenan, fucoidan, chitin, and chitosan, as supplementary feed in aquaculture species has been reported. Polysaccharides are prebiotic substances which are enhancing the immunity, disease resistance and growth of aquatic animals. Further, chitin (CT), chitosan (CTS) and chitooligosaccharides (COS) were recognized for their biodegradable properties and unique biological functions. The dietary effects of CT, CTS and COS at different inclusion levels on growth performance, immune response and gut microbiota in aquaculture species has been reviewed. The safety regulations, challenges and future outlooks of CT, CTS and COS in aquatic animals have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Mohan
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Sri Vasavi College, Erode, Tamil Nadu 638 316, India.
| | - Durairaj Karthick Rajan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China.
| | - Abirami Ramu Ganesan
- Division of Food Production and Society, Biomarine Resource Valorisation, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Torggården, Kudalsveien 6, NO-8027 Bodø, Norway
| | - Dharmaraj Divya
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
| | - Johan Johansen
- Division of Food Production and Society, Biomarine Resource Valorisation, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Torggården, Kudalsveien 6, NO-8027 Bodø, Norway
| | - Shubing Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
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35
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Chulikavit N, Huynh T, Khatibi A, Das R, Kandare E. Thermal degradation and flame spread characteristics of epoxy polymer composites incorporating mycelium. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17812. [PMID: 37857694 PMCID: PMC10587079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although bioderived flame retardants are environmentally sustainable and less toxic, their impact on the thermal stability and flammability of polymers remains poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the influence of mycelium on the thermal stability and flame spread characteristics of epoxy through thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the UL94 flammability test, and scanning electron microscopy. We observed a decrease in the maximum mass loss rate temperature when mycelium was incorporated into epoxy, indicating an earlier onset of thermal degradation. The inclusion of mycelium increased char yields above 418 °C due to mycelium's inherent char-forming ability. However, mycelium did not alter the thermal degradation pathway of epoxy. Furthermore, according to the UL94 test results, the incorporation of mycelium reduced the flame spread rate compared to that of neat epoxy. These findings contribute to our understanding of the interaction between bioderived flame retardants and polymers paving the way for the development of more sustainable fireproofing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tien Huynh
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Akbar Khatibi
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Raj Das
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Everson Kandare
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
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Verma D, Okhawilai M, Goh KL, Thakur VK, Senthilkumar N, Sharma M, Uyama H. Sustainable functionalized chitosan based nano-composites for wound dressings applications: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116580. [PMID: 37474094 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized chitosan nanocomposites have been studied for wound dressing applications due to their excellent antibacterial and anti-fungal properties. Polysaccharides show excellent antibacterial and drug-release properties and can be utilized for wound healing. In this article, we comprise distinct approaches for chitosan functionalization, such as photosensitizers, dendrimers, graft copolymerization, quaternization, acylation, carboxyalkylation, phosphorylation, sulfation, and thiolation. The current review article has also discussed brief insights on chitosan nanoparticle processing for biomedical applications, including wound dressings. The chitosan nanoparticle preparation technologies have been discussed, focusing on wound dressings owing to their targeted and controlled drug release behavior. The future directions of chitosan research include; a) finding an effective solution for chronic wounds, which are unable to heal completely; b) providing effective wound healing solutions for diabetic wounds and venous leg ulcers; c) to better understanding the wound healing mechanism with such materials which can help provide the optimum solution for wound dressing; d) to provide an improved treatment option for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Verma
- International Graduate Program of Nanoscience and Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Manunya Okhawilai
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Polymeric Materials for Medical Practice Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Kheng Lim Goh
- Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK; Newcastle University in Singapore, 567739, Singapore
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Barony Campus, Parkgate, Dumfries DG1 3NE, United Kingdom
| | - Nangan Senthilkumar
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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37
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Mouhoub A, Boutachfaiti RE, Petit E, Molinié R, Guendouz A, El Alaoui-Talibi Z, Koraichi SI, Delattre C, Modafar CE. Chemical extraction, characterization, and inspection of the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of shrimp chitosan against foodborne fungi and bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:338. [PMID: 37821792 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the exploitation of biopolymers in the industrial sector has become a trend. Chitosan is considered one of the most investigated biopolymers due to its abundance and antibacterial, antifungal, and antibiofilm activities. In this work, chitosan was chemically extracted from shrimp shells. Solutions of HCl 1 M, NaOH 4 M, and NaOH 15 M were used for the demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation process, respectively. The utilized methods of characterization (FTIR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and SEC-MALS) revealed that the obtained chitosan has a moderate degree of deacetylation and low molecular weight (DDA = 74% and Mw = 72.14 kDa). The microdilution method and inoculation of solid medium were carried out to assess the antibiofilm action of chitosan against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus hirae, Escherichia coli, Rhizopus sp., and Aspergillus sp. which are known as foodborne microorganisms. Results showed that the produced chitosan at 1 g/L inhibits between 63.44 and 99.75% of the microbial biofilm depending on the tested strains. These promising results confirm the potential deployment of the obtained chitosan in the food industry as a replacement for synthetic antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Mouhoub
- Centre d'Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, URL-CNRST 05), Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco.
| | - Redouan El Boutachfaiti
- IUT d'Amiens, UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Emmanuel Petit
- IUT d'Amiens, UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Roland Molinié
- IUT d'Amiens, UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Amine Guendouz
- Centre d'Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, URL-CNRST 05), Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Zainab El Alaoui-Talibi
- Centre d'Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, URL-CNRST 05), Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Saad Ibnsouda Koraichi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne et Molécules Bioactives, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah-Fès, Fès, Morocco
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 Rue Descartes, 7500, Paris, France
| | - Cherkaoui El Modafar
- Centre d'Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, URL-CNRST 05), Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
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Liu C, Wang Q, Wu YL. Recent Advances in Nanozyme-Based Materials for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300157. [PMID: 37262405 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a type of chronic inflammatory disorder that interferes with the patient's lifestyle and, in extreme situations, can be deadly. Fortunately, with the ever-deepening understanding of the pathological cause of IBD, recent studies using nanozyme-based materials have indicated the potential toward effective IBD treatment. In this review, the recent advancement of nanozymes for the treatment of enteritis is summarized from the perspectives of the structural design of nanozyme-based materials and therapeutic strategies, intending to serve as a reference to produce effective nanozymes for moderating inflammation in the future. Last but not least, the potential and current restrictions for using nanozymes in IBD will also be discussed. In short, this review may provide a guidance for the development of innovative enzyme-mimetic nanomaterials that offer a novel and efficient approach toward the effective treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyi Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
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Popescu I, Constantin M, Solcan G, Ichim DL, Rata DM, Horodincu L, Solcan C. Composite Hydrogels with Embedded Silver Nanoparticles and Ibuprofen as Wound Dressing. Gels 2023; 9:654. [PMID: 37623109 PMCID: PMC10454181 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The wound healing process is often slowed down as a result of complications from bacterial infections and inflammatory reactions. Therefore, it is necessary to develop dressings with fast antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity that shorten the wound healing period by promoting cell migration and proliferation. Chitosan (CS)-based hydrogels have been widely studied for their antibacterial and wound healing capabilities. Herein, we developed a composite hydrogel based on CS and PVA embedding silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with antibacterial properties and ibuprofen (Ib) as an anti-inflammatory agent. The hydrogel prepared by double physical cross-linking, with oxalic acid and by freeze-thawing, loaded with 0.225 wt.% AgNPs and 0.264 wt.% Ib, displayed good mechanical properties (compressive modulus = 132 kPa), a high swelling degree and sustained drug delivery (in simulated skin conditions). Moreover, the hydrogel showed strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae due to the embedded AgNPs. In vivo, this hydrogel accelerated the wound regeneration process through the enhanced expression of TNF alpha IP8, by activating downstream cascades and supporting the healing process of inflammation; Cox2, which enhances the migration and proliferation of cells involved in re-epithelization and angiogenesis; MHCII, which promotes immune cooperation between local cells, eliminating dead tissue and controlling infection; the intense expression of Col I as a major marker in the tissue granulation process; and αSMA, which marks the presence of myofibroblasts involved in wound closure and indicates ongoing re-epithelization. The results reveal the potential healing effect of CS/PVA/AgNPs/Ib hydrogels and suggest their potential use as wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Popescu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (I.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Marieta Constantin
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (I.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Gheorghe Solcan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 700489 Iasi, Romania; (G.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Daniela Luminita Ichim
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 700511 Iasi, Romania; (D.L.I.); (D.M.R.)
| | - Delia Mihaela Rata
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 700511 Iasi, Romania; (D.L.I.); (D.M.R.)
| | - Loredana Horodincu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 700489 Iasi, Romania; (G.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Carmen Solcan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 700489 Iasi, Romania; (G.S.); (L.H.)
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Xiong A, Ruan L, Ye K, Huang Z, Yu C. Extraction of Chitin from Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens) and Its Puparium by Using Biological Treatment. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1424. [PMID: 37511799 PMCID: PMC10381830 DOI: 10.3390/life13071424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin is the second-largest natural polymer polysaccharide in nature. Due to its important physical and chemical properties and excellent biocompatibility, safety, and biodegradability, it is widely used in agriculture, medicine, food, environmental protection, and other fields. However, traditional extraction methods cause environmental pollution and damage the structure of chitin. Bioprocessing is an emerging technology that shows great potential. In this research, the puparia and adults of black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens L.) were used as raw materials. A continuous fermentation method was designed to extract chitin, by using Bacillus subtilis S4 and Acetobacter pasteurianus AS1.41. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identification results showed that the extracted sample was α-chitin. Under continuous fermentation conditions, the deproteinization (DP) rate, demineralization (DM) rate, chitin yield (CY), and deacetylation degree (DD) of puparium chitin were 33.33%, 94.92%, 59.90%, and 18.52%, respectively. Meanwhile, the DP rate, DM rate, CY, and DD of adult chitin were 46.63%, 90.93%, 47.31%, and 37.38%, respectively. For BSF, B. subtilis S4 had a certain DP ability, and A. pasteurianus AS1.41 had a good DM effect. Moreover, BSF at different developmental stages could affect CY, and a higher concentration of NaOH was more favorable for deacetylation. Overall, simultaneous continuous fermentation could be a new biological approach to extract chitin from BSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Linsen Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Kaiyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhiyong Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Chan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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Li Q, Liu X, Yan C, Zhao B, Zhao Y, Yang L, Shi M, Yu H, Li X, Luo K. Polysaccharide-Based Stimulus-Responsive Nanomedicines for Combination Cancer Immunotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206211. [PMID: 36890780 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a promising antitumor approach, whereas nontherapeutic side effects, tumor microenvironment (TME) intricacy, and low tumor immunogenicity limit its therapeutic efficacy. In recent years, combination immunotherapy with other therapies has been proven to considerably increase antitumor efficacy. However, achieving codelivery of the drugs to the tumor site remains a major challenge. Stimulus-responsive nanodelivery systems show controlled drug delivery and precise drug release. Polysaccharides, a family of potential biomaterials, are widely used in the development of stimulus-responsive nanomedicines due to their unique physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and modifiability. Here, the antitumor activity of polysaccharides and several combined immunotherapy strategies (e.g., immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, or photothermal therapy) are summarized. More importantly, the recent progress of polysaccharide-based stimulus-responsive nanomedicines for combination cancer immunotherapy is discussed, with the focus on construction of nanomedicine, targeted delivery, drug release, and enhanced antitumor effects. Finally, the limitations and application prospects of this new field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chunmei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bolin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Mingyi Shi
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kaipei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
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Hou F, Gong Z, Jia F, Cui W, Song S, Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang W. Insights into the relationships of modifying methods, structure, functional properties and applications of chitin: A review. Food Chem 2023; 409:135336. [PMID: 36586263 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chitin as the second plentiful polysaccharide has arouse widely attention due to its remarkable availability and biocompatibility. While the strong inter/intra molecular hydrogen bonds and crystallinity severely restrict its applications. Recently, multiple emerging technologies are increasingly used to modify chitin structure for the sake of obtaining excellent functional properties, as well as broadening the corresponding applications. Firstly, this review systematically outlines the features of single and combined methods for chitin modification. Then, the impacts of various modifying methods on the structural characteristics of chitin, including molecular weight, degree of acetylation and functional groups, are further summarized. In addition, the effects of these structural characteristics on the functional properties as well as its potential related applications are illustrated. The conclusion of this review provides better understanding of the relationships among the modifying methods, structure, properties and applications, contributing to chitin modification for the targeted purpose in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhiqing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fengjuan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenjia Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shasha Song
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yansheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
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Lemke B, Siekmann L, Grabowski NT, Plötz M, Krischek C. Impact of the Addition of Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens on the Physicochemical and Sensory Quality of Cooked Meat Products. INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14050487. [PMID: 37233115 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of proteins from insects, plants, microalgae, fungi or bacteria as an alternative to proteins of animal origin such as meat, fish, eggs or milk can meet the worldwide protein demand in the future. As the consumption of whole insects might be problematic or unacceptable for many consumers, especially in European countries, the use of homogenized insects or protein extracts from insects for the production of products might be a possibility to overcome general acceptability problems. However, the quality criteria of these products have to be comparable with consumers' expectations with regard to known products. Therefore, in the present study, we produced a meat product, replaced 10% and 20% of the pork with homogenized larvae of Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens, and determined different physicochemical and sensory parameters at production and during modified atmosphere storage for 21 days. Additionally, the alteration of different bacteria species during this storage was analyzed in challenge tests. After production, the addition of insects resulted in higher cooking losses and pH values in the products with 20% insects, higher pH and yellowness, lower lightness, protein and hardness results in the Hermetia products, as well as higher yellowness and lower protein and hardness values in the cooked meat products with Tenebrio molitor. During modified atmosphere storage, the color differences principally remained, whereas the concentrations of inoculated Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli were not influenced by the addition of insects to the cooked meat products. The sensory results of the insect products, especially at higher concentrations and with Hermetia illucens, worsened during modified atmosphere storage. The addition of homogenized insect larvae, especially at higher concentrations and particularly of Hermetia illucens, influences different physicochemical and sensory parameters of the cooked meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lemke
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lisa Siekmann
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils Th Grabowski
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Madeleine Plötz
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Carsten Krischek
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
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Chen J, Liu J, Chen B, Yang F, Li B, Li H, Jiang Z, Song H. Effective biodegradation of chlorophenols, sulfonamides, and their mixtures by bacterial laccase immobilized on chitin. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114856. [PMID: 37015188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Coexisting multi-pollutants like sulfonamides (SAs) and chlorophenols (CPs) in the ecological environment pose a potential risk to living organisms. The development of a strategy for the effective removal of multiple pollutants has become an urgent need. Herein, we systematically investigated the potential of immobilized bacterial laccase to remove chlorophenols (CPs), sulfonamides (SAs), and their mixtures. Laccase from Bacillus pumilus ZB1 was efficiently immobilized on chitin and its thermal stability, pH stability, and affinity to substrates were improved. Reusability assessment showed the immobilized laccase retained 75.5% of its initial activity after five cycles. The removal efficiency of CPs and SAs by immobilized laccase was significantly improved compared with that of free laccase. In particular, the removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol reached 96.9% and 89.3% respectively within 8 h. The immobilized laccase could remove 63.70% of 2,4-dichlorophenol after four cycles. The degradation pathways of 2,4-dichlorophenol and sulfamethazine were proposed via LC/MS analysis. When the co-pollutants containing 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and sulfamethoxazole, immobilized laccase showed 100% removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and 38.71% removal of sulfamethoxazole simultaneously. Cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity tests indicated that immobilized laccase can alleviate the toxicity of co-pollutants. The results demonstrate that chitin-based laccase immobilization can be an effective strategy for the removal of SAs, CPs, and their co-pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Jiashu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Bixin Chen
- Guilin Jingcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guilin 541001, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Bianxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Huanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Zhengbing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Huiting Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
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Nafary A, Mousavi Nezhad SA, Jalili S. Extraction and Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan from Tenebrio Molitor Beetles and Investigation of its Antibacterial Effect Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:96. [PMID: 37288012 PMCID: PMC10241643 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_205_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chitin and chitosan are utilized in many industries such as pharmacy, biotechnology, and medicine. The mealworm beetle, Tenebrio Molitor, is simply breaded and does not require a vast production space. Materials and Methods In this study, we extracted chitin and chitosan using two different methods from Tenebrio Molitor adult beetles. Then we studied their physical and chemical properties along with their antibacterial effect. Results Using two new methods we extracted 13, 3%, and 17.7% chitin from the dry mealworm beetle which was higher than in previous studies. The chitosan yield of the extracted chitin was 78.26% and 76.43%, respectively. The observed FTIR peaks for chitin and chitosan in this study were in accordance with the characteristic peaks. The degree of acetylation of chitin was 95.09% and 92.55% and the degree of deacetylation was 75.84%, and 72.6% from the first and second methods, respectively. The extracted chitosan also showed an antibacterial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that chitin and chitosan extracted from adult mealworm beetles could be considered as a replacement for commercial chitosan and needs further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossen Nafary
- Research Center for Life and Health Sciences and Biotechnology of the Police, Directorate of Health, Rescue and Treatment, Police Headquarter, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amin Mousavi Nezhad
- Research Center for Life and Health Sciences and Biotechnology of the Police, Directorate of Health, Rescue and Treatment, Police Headquarter, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Jalili
- Research Center for Life and Health Sciences and Biotechnology of the Police, Directorate of Health, Rescue and Treatment, Police Headquarter, Tehran, Iran
- Policing Sciences and Social Studies Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
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Stull VJ, Weir TL. Chitin and omega-3 fatty acids in edible insects have underexplored benefits for the gut microbiome and human health. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:283-287. [PMID: 37117549 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00728-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
A healthy gut microbiome is critical for nutrient metabolism, pathogen inhibition and immune regulation, and is highly influenced by diet. Edible insects are good sources of protein and micronutrients, but unlike other animal-derived foods, they also contain both dietary fibre and omega-3 fatty acids that can modulate gut microbiota. Here we explore the potential impacts of insect consumption on the microbiome. Laboratory, animal and human studies indicate that insect fibre in the form of chitin and its derivatives can modify gut microbiota with beneficial outcomes. Some insects also contain favourable omega-3/omega-6 ratios. We identify gaps in the literature-especially a dearth of human studies-that must be addressed to better understand health impacts of entomophagy. Insects, already eaten across the globe, can be farmed using fewer resources than conventional livestock. Widening the research scope offers an opportunity to advance use of edible insects to address interconnected environmental and health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J Stull
- Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Tiffany L Weir
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Chulikavit N, Huynh T, Wang C, Yuen ACY, Khatibi A, Mouritz A, Kandare E. Engineering mycelium fungi into an effective char-forming thermal protection material via alkaline deacetylation. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Abuelella KE, Abd-Allah H, Soliman SM, Abdel-Mottaleb MMA. Skin targeting by chitosan/hyaluronate hybrid nanoparticles for the management of irritant contact dermatitis: In vivo therapeutic efficiency in mouse-ear dermatitis model. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123458. [PMID: 36709804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is an inflammatory skin condition characterized by severe eczematous lesions. Nanoparticulate drug delivery is the most predominant way to improve dermal penetration and have gained remarkable recognition for targeted delivery of therapeutic payload and reduced off-target effects. Therefore, the current work aimed to fabricate polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles (PENPs) containing two natural biodegradable polymers namely; chitosan (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) to deliver the non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug etoricoxib (ETX) to the deeper skin layers to alleviate any systemic toxicity and improve its therapeutic efficacy against ICD. ETX loaded-PENPs were prepared and optimized utilizing three independent variables; CS: HA mass ratio, chitosan solution pH and molecular weight of chitosan. Following the various physicochemical optimizations, the optimum ETX-loaded PENPs formulation (N1 0.15 %) exhibited spherical nature with an average diameter of 267.9 ± 9.4 nm, Polydispersity index of 0.366 ± 0.02, and positive zeta potential (+32.9 ± 0.47 mV). The drug was successfully entrapped and the entrapment efficiency reached 95 ± 0.2 %. N1 0.15 % formula showed efficient dermal targeting by significantly enhanced percentage of ETX permeated and retained in the various skin layers in comparison to ETX conventional gel during the ex-vivo skin permeation experiments. Furthermore, N1 0.15 % exhibited superior anti-inflammatory properties in vivo compared to ETX conventional gel in dithranol induced mice ear dermatitis. Conclusively, ETX-loaded PENPs could be a promising therapeutic approach for effecient management of ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled E Abuelella
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Giza 12585, Egypt
| | - Hend Abd-Allah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sara M Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Giza 12585, Egypt
| | - Mona M A Abdel-Mottaleb
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Saravanan A, Kumar PS, Yuvaraj D, Jeevanantham S, Aishwaria P, Gnanasri PB, Gopinath M, Rangasamy G. A review on extraction of polysaccharides from crustacean wastes and their environmental applications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 221:115306. [PMID: 36682444 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Disposal of biodegradable waste of seashells leads to an environmental imbalance. A tremendous amount of wastes produced from flourishing shell fish industries while preparing crustaceans for human consumption can be directed towards proper utilization. The review of the present study focuses on these polysaccharides from crustaceans and a few important industrial applications. This review aimed to emphasize the current research on structural analyses and extraction of polysaccharides. The article summarises the properties of chitin, chitosan, and chitooligosaccharides and their derivatives that make them non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible. Different extraction methods of chitin, chitosan, and chitooligosaccharides have been discussed in detail. Additionally, this information outlines possible uses for derivatives of chitin, chitosan, and chitooligosaccharides in the environmental, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and food industries. Additionally, it is essential to the textile, cosmetic, and enzyme-immobilization industries. This review focuses on new, insightful suggestions for raising the value of crustacean shell waste by repurposing a highly valuable material.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saravanan
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - D Yuvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangaragan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600062, India
| | - S Jeevanantham
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - P Aishwaria
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangaragan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600062, India
| | - P B Gnanasri
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangaragan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600062, India
| | - M Gopinath
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangaragan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600062, India
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
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Iber BT, Torsabo D, Chik C, Wahab F, Abdullah S, Abu Hassan H, Kasan N. A study on the effects of interfering with the conventional sequential protocol for chemical isolation and characterization of chitosan from biowaste of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13970. [PMID: 36915541 PMCID: PMC10006476 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Unless better measures are put in place to address the environmental and social impacts emanating from the huge waste generated from sea food processing industries; 'tragedy of the commons' is inevitable. Needless to re-emphasise the enormous contributions of aquaculture as the perfect substitute to capture fisheries which has been proven unsustainable. Be that as it may, the huge amount of bio-waste produced could be transformed into useful products such as chitin and chitosan with far reaching applications. Chitin and chitosan have been consistently processed from many sources following the traditional chemical sequence of Demineralization (DM), Deproteinization (DP), Decolouration (DC) and Deacetylation (DA). In this study, this method was re-ordered, resulting to 4 sequences of chemical processes. HCl, NaOH, ethanol (97%) and NaOH (50%) were used for DM, DP, DC and DA respectively. The results of this study showed that better chitin (23.99 ± 0.61%) and chitosan (15.17 ± 1.69%) yields were obtained from sequence four (SQ4) following the order of DC-DM-DP-DA. In addition, physicochemical properties such as DDA (80.67 ± 2.52%) and solubility (66.43 ± 2.61%) were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in SQ4 thereby making the obtained product suitable for use as coagulant and flocculant in wastewater treatment. Results of FTIR, XRD and SEM of the study proved that the resultant product exhibited the characteristic nature of chitosan with porous and fibril nature. In the analysis of the physical properties of chitosan obtained from bio-waste of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the high Carr's index (CI) and low bulk as well as tapped densities were an indication that the chitosan produced in this study had poor flowability and compressibility, thereby making it unfit for application in pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Terkula Iber
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.,Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, (Formally Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi), P.M.B.2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Donald Torsabo
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.,Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, (Formally Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi), P.M.B.2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Che Chik
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Fachrul Wahab
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Siti Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hassimi Abu Hassan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Kasan
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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