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Zhang MQ, Yang Z, Dong YX, Zhu YL, Chen XY, Dai CC, Zhichun Z, Mei YZ. Expression of endogenous UDP-glucosyltransferase in endophyte Phomopsis liquidambaris reduces deoxynivalenol contamination in wheat. Fungal Genet Biol 2024; 173:103899. [PMID: 38802054 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight is a devastating disease that causes severe yield loses and mycotoxin contamination in wheat grain. Additionally, balancing the trade-off between wheat production and disease resistance has proved challenging. This study aimed to expand the genetic tools of the endophyte Phomopsis liquidambaris against Fusarium graminearum. Specifically, we engineered a UDP-glucosyltransferase-expressing P. liquidambaris strain (PL-UGT) using ADE1 as a selection marker and obtained a deletion mutant using an inducible promoter that drives Cas9 expression. Our PL-UGT strain converted deoxynivalenol (DON) into DON-3-G in vitro at a rate of 71.4 % after 36 h. DON inactivation can be used to confer tolerance in planta. Wheat seedlings inoculated with endophytic strain PL-UGT showed improved growth compared with those inoculated with wildtype P. liquidambaris. Strain PL-UGT inhibited the growth of Fusarium graminearum and reduced infection rate to 15.7 %. Consistent with this finding, DON levels in wheat grains decreased from 14.25 to 0.56 μg/g when the flowers were pre-inoculated with PL-UGT and then infected with F. graminearum. The expression of UGT in P. liquidambaris was nontoxic and did not inhibit plant growth. Endophytes do not enter the seeds nor induce plant disease, thereby representing a novel approach to fungal disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Wuhan Sunhy Biology Co., Ltd.,Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Xin Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Yi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhan Zhichun
- Wuhan Sunhy Biology Co., Ltd.,Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Yan-Zhen Mei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu, China.
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Guadalupe GA, Grandez-Yoplac DE, García L, Doménech E. A Comprehensive Bibliometric Study in the Context of Chemical Hazards in Coffee. TOXICS 2024; 12:526. [PMID: 39058178 PMCID: PMC11281111 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12070526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The research aimed to carefully review the chemical hazards linked to the coffee production chain to analyse the risks and opportunities for consumers and the environment, as well as identify potential knowledge gaps. The Scopus database was consulted from 1949 to April 2024 to conduct a bibliometric analysis. As a result, 680 articles were analysed. Results indicated a significant increase in research activity since 2015. China, Brazil, and the USA were the leading countries in scientific production and collaborations. The most prolific journals in this field were Chemosphere, Science of the Total Environment, Food Chemistry, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, and Journal of Environmental Management, all of which are in the first quartile. The word analysis revealed two main themes: the first focuses on the chemical hazards of coffee and their impact on health, while the second explores the waste generated during coffee production and its potential for reuse. The topics covered in the research include the composition of coffee, associated chemical hazards, possible health risks, and ways to reuse waste for environmental protection. Future research should concentrate on optimising techniques and processes to ensure quality, safety, and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grobert A. Guadalupe
- Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru;
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos Food-UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Dorila E. Grandez-Yoplac
- Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru;
| | - Ligia García
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, 342 Higos Urco, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru;
| | - Eva Doménech
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos Food-UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Shi H, Chang G, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Wang H, Zhang J, Zhu J. Biodegradation Characteristics and Mechanism of Aflatoxin B 1 by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens from Enzymatic and Multiomics Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15841-15853. [PMID: 38957116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a mycotoxin and natural carcinogen, commonly contaminates cereals and animal feeds, posing serious health risks to human and animal. In this study, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ZG08 isolated from kimchi could effectively remove 80.93% of AFB1 within 72 h at 37 °C and pH 7.0. Metabolome and transcriptome analysis showed that metabolic processes including glycerophospholipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism were most affected in B. amyloliquefaciens ZG08 exposed to AFB1. The adaptation mechanism likely involved activation of the thioredoxin system to restore intracellular redox equilibrium. The key genes, tpx and gldA, overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21, achieved degradation rates of 60.15% and 47.16% for 100 μg/kg AFB1 under optimal conditions of 37 °C and pH 8.0 and 45 °C and pH 7.0, respectively. The degradation products, identified as AFD1, were less cytotoxic than AFB1 in HepG2 cells. These findings suggest potential strategies for utilizing probiotics and engineered enzymes in AFB1 detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Shi
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Guoli Chang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yuhuan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinzhi Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junli Zhu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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4
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Yao J, Chen S, Li Y, Liao C, Shang K, Guo R, Chen J, Wang L, Xia X, Yu Z, Ding K. Unveiling a Novel Antidote for Deoxynivalenol Contamination: Isolation, Identification, Whole Genome Analysis and In Vivo Safety Evaluation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus MY-1. Foods 2024; 13:2057. [PMID: 38998563 PMCID: PMC11241047 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a global contaminant found in crop residues, grains, feed, and animal and human food. Biodegradation is currently the best solution for addressing DON pollution. However, efficient detoxification bacteria or enzymes that can be applied in complex matrices are lacking. The aim of this study was to isolate a DON-detoxifying probiotic strain with a high degradation rate, a good safety profile, and a clear genetic background. One hundred and eight bacterial strains were isolated from 300 samples collected from a school farm and surrounding livestock farms. A new DON-degrading strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus MY-1 (L. rhamnosus MY-1), with a degradation rate of 93.34% after 48 h and a comprehensive degradation method, was identified. Then, MY-1 at a concentration of 1 × 108 CFU/mL was administered to mice in a chronic intoxication experiment for 28 days. The experimental group showed significantly higher weight gain and exhibited good production performance compared to the control group. The length of the ileal villi in the experimental group was significantly longer than that in the control group. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines decreased, while the expression of anti-inflammatory factors increased in the experimental group. Whole-genome analysis revealed that most of the MY-1 genes were involved in carbohydrate metabolism and membrane transport, with a cluster of secondary metabolite genes encoding antimicrobial properties. In summary, this study successfully identified a Lactobacillus strain with good safety performance, high DON degradation efficiency, and a clear genetic background, providing a new approach for the treatment of DON contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yao
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Songbiao Chen
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yijia Li
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Chengshui Liao
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ke Shang
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Rongxian Guo
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xiaojing Xia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zuhua Yu
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
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5
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Lapris M, Errico M, Rocchetti G, Gallo A. The Potential of Multi-Screening Methods and Omics Technologies to Detect Both Regulated and Emerging Mycotoxins in Different Matrices. Foods 2024; 13:1746. [PMID: 38890974 PMCID: PMC11171533 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are well-known secondary metabolites produced by several fungi that grow and occur in different crops during both pre-harvest and post-harvest conditions. The contamination and occurrence of mycotoxins currently represent some of the major issues in the entire agri-food system. The quantification of mycotoxins in different feeds and foodstuffs is extremely difficult because of the low concentration ranges; therefore, both sample collection and preparation are essential to providing accurate detection and reliable quantification. Currently, several analytical methods are available for the detection of mycotoxins in both feed and food products, and liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) represents the most reliable instrumental approach. In particular, the fast development of high-throughput methods has made it possible to screen and analyze, in the same analytical run and with high accuracy, multiple mycotoxins, such as those regulated, masked, or modified, and emerging ones. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the state of the art of mycotoxins occurrence, health-related concerns, and analyses, discussing the need to perform multi-screening approaches combined with omics technologies to simultaneously analyze several mycotoxins in different feed and food matrices. This approach is expected to provide more comprehensive information about the profile and distribution of emerging mycotoxins, thus enhancing the understanding of their co-occurrence and impact on the entire production chain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.L.); (M.E.); (A.G.)
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6
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Dan-Dan W, Jia-Jun N, Rui-Bian Z, Jie L, Yuan-Xu W, Liu Y, Fei-Fei C, Yue-Min P. A novel Burkholderia pyrrocinia strain effectively inhibits Fusarium graminearum growth and deoxynivalenol (DON) production. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38817082 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium graminearum is a devastating fungal pathogen that poses a significant threat to global wheat production and quality. Control of this toxin-producing pathogen remains a major challenge. This study aimed to isolate strains with antagonistic activity against F. graminearum and at the same time to analyze the synthesis of deoxynivalenol (DON), in order to provide a new basis for the biological control of FHB. RESULTS Total of 69 microorganisms were isolated from the soil of a wheat-corn crop rotation field, and an antagonistic bacterial strain F12 was identified as Burkholderia pyrrocinia by molecular biology and carbon source utilization. F. graminearum control by strain F12 showed excellent biological activities under laboratory conditions (95.8%) and field testing (63.09%). Meanwhile, the DON content of field-treated wheat grains was detected the results showed that F12 have significantly inhibited of DON, which was further verified by qPCR that F12 produces secondary metabolites that inhibit the expression of DON and pigment-related genes. In addition, the sterile fermentation broth of F12 not only inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination, but also prevented mycelia from producing spores. CONCLUSION In this study B. pyrrocinia was reported to have good control of FHB and inhibition of DON synthesis. This novel B. pyrrocinia F12 is a promising biological inoculant, providing possibilities for controlling FHB, and a theoretical basis for the development of potential biocontrol agents and biofertilizers for agricultural use. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Dan-Dan
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Fungal Diseases, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Nie Jia-Jun
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhao Rui-Bian
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Fungal Diseases, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lu Jie
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Yuan-Xu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Fungal Diseases, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Fei-Fei
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Fungal Diseases, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Pan Yue-Min
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Fungal Diseases, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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7
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Shen Y, Zhao X, Zhang Z, Fang K, Chen S, Tian S, Fei J, Zhu J. A novel core-shell up-conversion nanoparticles immunochromatographic assay for the detection of deoxynivalenol in cereals. Talanta 2024; 272:125806. [PMID: 38368833 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) toxin is a type B group of trichothecene mycotoxins mainly originating from specific Fusarium fungi, seriously harming human and livestock health. Herein, a novel core-shell up-conversion nanoparticles immunochromatographic assay (CS-UCNPs-ICA) was developed for deoxynivalenol based on the competitive reaction principle. By exploiting the fluorescence intensity of the T and C lines of CS-UCNPs-ICA, the concentrations of DON were obtained sensitively and precisely under optimized conditions in 5 min with a detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL. The CS-UCNPs-ICA strips only specifically detect DON and its derivatives (3-Ac-DON and 15-Ac-DON), with no cross-reaction with other mycotoxins. The low CV values illustrated a modest intra- and inter-assay variation, confirming the superior precision of this method. In the spiked experiment, the mean recoveries of corn and wheat ranged from 94.74% to 100.90% and 96.21%-104.81%, respectively. Furthermore, the approach generated results that were in good agreement with data from HPLC and ELISA analyses of naturally contaminated feed and cereals, confirming that the significant advantages of proposed strips were their high practicality, rapidness, and simplicity. Therefore, the CS-UCNPs-ICA strips platform serves as a promising candidate for developing new approaches for rapid testing or high throughput screening from DON in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghong Shen
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xiuling Zhao
- Ningbo Customs Technology Cente, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Zaiting Zhang
- Ningbo Customs Technology Cente, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Keyi Fang
- Ningbo Customs Technology Cente, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Shen Chen
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Shiyi Tian
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jianfeng Fei
- Hangzhou New-Test Biotech Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Junli Zhu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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8
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Qiu Y, Yan J, Yue A, Lu Z, Tan J, Guo H, Ding Y, Lyu F, Fu Y. A comprehensive review of biodetoxification of trichothecenes: Mechanisms, limitations and novel strategies. Food Res Int 2024; 184:114275. [PMID: 38609252 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Trichothecenes are Fusarium mycotoxins with sesquiterpenoid structure, which are widely occurred in grains. Due to high efficiency and environmental friendliness, biological detoxification methods have been of great interest to treat this global food and feed safety concern. This review summarized the biological detoxification methods of trichothecenes from three aspects, biosorption, biotransformation and biotherapy. The detoxification efficiency, characteristics, mechanisms and limitations of different strategies were discussed in detail. Computer-aided design will bring a new research paradigm for more efficient discovery of biodetoxifier. Integrating different detoxification approaches assisted with computational tools will become a promising research direction in the future, which will help to maximize the detoxification effect, or provide precise detoxification programs for the coexistence of various toxins at different levels in actual production. In addition, technical and regulatory issues in practical application were also discussed. These findings contribute to the exploration of efficient, applicable and sustainable methods for trichothecenes detoxification, ensuring the safety of food and feed to reduce the deleterious effects of trichothecenes on humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qiu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Tech Bank Food Co Ltd, Yuyao City, Zhejiang 315400, China
| | - Jiaping Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Aodong Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhongchao Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jianzhuang Tan
- Tech Bank Food Co Ltd, Yuyao City, Zhejiang 315400, China
| | - Hong Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yuting Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Fei Lyu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yan Fu
- Tech Bank Food Co Ltd, Yuyao City, Zhejiang 315400, China
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9
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Ma B, Niu J, Zhu H, Chi H, Lu Z, Lu F, Zhu P. Engineering substrate specificity of quinone-dependent dehydrogenases for efficient oxidation of deoxynivalenol to 3-keto-deoxynivalenol. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130484. [PMID: 38431002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The oxidative reaction of Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) using the dehydrogenase is a desirable strategy and environmentally friendly to mitigate its toxicity. However, a critical issue for these dehydrogenases shows widespread substrate promiscuity. In this study, we conducted pocket reshaping of Devosia strain A6-243 pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent dehydrogenase (DADH) on the basis of protein structure and kinetic analysis of substrate libraries to improve preference for particular substrate DON (10a). The variant presented an increased preference for substrate 10a and enhanced catalytic efficiency. A 4.7-fold increase in preference for substrate 10a was observed. Kinetic profiling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provided insights into the enhanced substrate specificity and activity. Moreover, the variant exhibited stronger conversion of substrate 10a to 3-keto-DON compared to the wild DADH. Overall, this study provides a feasible protocol for the redesign of PQQ-dependent dehydrogenases with favourable substrate specificity and catalytic activity, which is desperately needed for DON antidote development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiafeng Niu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huibing Chi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fengxia Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Ping Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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10
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Hou S, Ma J, Cheng Y, Wang Z, Wang H, Sun JH, Wang G, Jia A, Yan YX. Protective Mechanisms of Various Active Substances on Cell DNA Damage and Apoptosis Induced by Deoxynivalenol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6651-6659. [PMID: 38501756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a secondary metabolite of fungi that is harmful to humans and animals. This study examined the protective effects of natural substances, including resveratrol, quercetin, vitamin E, vitamin C, and microbe-derived antioxidants (MA), on both human gastric mucosal cells (GES-1) and pig small intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-1) when induced by DON. Cells were incubated with active substances for 3 h and then exposed to DON for 24 h. The oxidative stress index, cell cycle, and apoptosis were measured. As compared to cells treated only with DON, pretreatment with active substances improved the balance of the redox status in cells caused by DON. Specifically, quercetin, vitamin E, vitamin C, and MA showed the potential to alleviate the G2 phase cell cycle arrest effect that was induced by DON in both kinds of cells. It was observed that vitamin E and vitamin C can alleviate DON-induced apoptosis and the G2 phase cycle arrest effect mediated via the ATM-Chk 2-Cdc 25C and ATM-P53 signaling pathways in GES-1 cells. In IPEC-1 cells, vitamin C and MA can alleviate both DON-induced apoptosis and the G2 phase cycle arrest effect via the ATM-Chk 2-Cdc 25C signaling pathway. Different bioactive substances utilize different protective mechanisms against DON in interacting with different cells. The proper addition of vitamin E and vitamin C to food can neutralize the toxic effect of DON, while the addition of vitamin C and MA to animal feed can reduce the harm DON does to animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silu Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Demonstration Center of Food Quality and Safety Testing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jingjiao Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuqiang Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhaofei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hengan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jian-He Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guiping Wang
- Guangdong Haid Group Co. Limited, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, China
| | - Aiqing Jia
- Guangdong Haid Group Co. Limited, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, China
| | - Ya-Xian Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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11
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Shi Y, Xu W, Ni D, Zhang W, Guang C, Mu W. Identification and application of a novel deoxynivalenol-degrading enzyme from Youhaiella tibetensis. Food Chem 2024; 435:137609. [PMID: 37783127 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) poses a significant threat to human health due to its widespread distribution and biological toxicity. Here, we identified a novel DON-degrading enzyme from Youhaiella tibetensis (YoDDH). YoDDH exhibited the highest activity against DON at pH 4.5 and 40 ℃, in the presence of Ca2+ and the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ). Additionally, YoDDH displayed remarkable thermostability at 40 ℃, with a half-life of 24 h and a Tm value of 48.5 ℃. Notably, phenazine methosulfate (PMS) and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) can also serve as electron acceptors for YoDDH. After incubation in the optimal conditions for 3 h, YoDDH degraded 73 % of DON (100 μM) finally. The kcat and kcat /Km of YoDDH towards DON was determined as 1.65 s-1 and 1526 M-1·s-1 in the presence of PMS. The 3-keto-DON was verified as the degradation product. This identified YoDDH presents a promising candidate for DON decontamination in the food and feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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12
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Niu J, Yan R, Zhou H, Ma B, Lu Z, Meng F, Lu F, Zhu P. Self-cascade deoxynivalenol detoxification by an artificial enzyme with bifunctions of dehydrogenase and aldo/keto reductase from genome mining. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129512. [PMID: 38246466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Due to the severe health risks for human and animal caused by the intake of toxic deoxynivalenol (DON) derived from Fusarium species, elimination DON in food and feed has been initiated as a critical issue. Enzymatic cascade catalysis by dehydrogenase and aldo-keto reductase represents a fascinating strategy for DON detoxification. Here, one quinone-dpendent alcohol dehydrogenase DADH oxidized DON into less-toxic 3-keto-DON and NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductase AKR13B3 reduced 3-keto-DON into relatively non-toxic 3-epi-DON were identified from Devosia strain A6-243, indicating that degradation of DON on C3 are two-step sequential cascade processes. To establish the bifunctions, fusion enzyme linking DADH and AKR13B3 was successfully assembled to promote one-step DON degradations with accelerated specific activity and efficiency, resulting 93.29 % of DON removal rate in wheat sample. Three-dimensional simulation analysis revealed that the bifunctional enzyme forms an artificial intramolecular channel to minimize the distance of intermediate from DADH to AKR13B3 for two-step enzymatic reactions, and thereby accelerates this enzymatic process. As the first report of directing single step DON detoxification by an interesting bifunctional artificial enzyme, this work revealed a facile and eco-friendly approach to detoxify DON with application potential and gave valuable insights into execute other mycotoxin detoxification for ensuring food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Niu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruxue Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bin Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fanqiang Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fengxia Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Ping Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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13
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Li Q, Wang C, Xiao H, Zhang Y, Xie Y. 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde, a more effective antifungal aroma than vanillin and its derivatives against Fusarium graminearum, destroys cell membranes, inhibits DON biosynthesis, and performs a promising antifungal effect on wheat grains. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1359947. [PMID: 38468857 PMCID: PMC10925628 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1359947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum) is a severe pathogen threatening the safety of agriculture and food. This study aimed to explore the antifungal efficacies of several plant-derived natural compounds (vanillin and its derivatives) against the growth of F. graminearum and investigate the antifungal mechanism of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (HMB), the strongest one. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of HMB in inhibiting mycelial growth was 200 μg/mL. HMB at MIC damaged cell membranes by increasing the permeability by about 6-fold (p < 0.05) as evidenced by propidium iodide (PI) staining. Meanwhile, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glycerol was increased by 45.91 and 576.19% by HMB treatment at MIC, respectively, indicating that lipid oxidation and osmotic stress occurred in the cell membrane. Furthermore, HMB exerted a strong antitoxigenic role as the content of deoxynivalenol (DON) was remarkably reduced by 93.59% at MIC on 7th day. At last, the antifungal effect of HMB against F. graminearum was also confirmed on wheat grains. These results not only revealed the antifungal mechanism of HMB but also suggested that HMB could be applied as a promising antifungal agent in the preservation of agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Grain, Oil and Food Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Grain and Reserves Administration/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Grain, Oil and Food Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Grain and Reserves Administration/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongying Xiao
- Grain, Oil and Food Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Grain and Reserves Administration/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Grain, Oil and Food Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Grain and Reserves Administration/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanli Xie
- Grain, Oil and Food Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Grain and Reserves Administration/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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14
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Yang C, Zhang Z, Peng B. New insights into searching patulin degrading enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through proteomic and molecular docking analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 463:132806. [PMID: 37922585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Global warming has increased the contamination of mycotoxins. Patulin (PAT) is a harmful contaminant that poses a serious threat to food safety and human health. Saccharomyces cerevisiae biodegrades PAT by its enzymes during fermentation, which is a safe and efficient method of detoxification. However, the key degradation enzymes remain unclear. In this study, the proteomic differences of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under PAT stress were investigated. The results showed that the proteins involved in redox reactions and defense mechanisms were significantly up-regulated to resist PAT stress. Subsequently, molecular docking was used to virtual screen for degrading enzymes. Among 18 proteins, YKL069W showed the highest binding affinity to PAT and was then expressed in Escherichia coli, where the purified YKL069W completely degraded 10 μg/mL PAT at 48 h. YKL069W was demonstrated to be able to degrade PAT into E-ascladiol. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that YKL069W was stable in catalyzing PAT degradation with a binding free energy of - 7.5 kcal/mol. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that CYS125 and CYS101 were the key amino acid residues for degradation. This study offers new insights for the rapid screening and development of PAT degrading enzymes and provides a theoretical basis for the detoxification of mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Bangzhu Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural GenomicsInstitute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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15
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Xing H, Cai P, Liu D, Han M, Liu J, Le Y, Zhang D, Hu QN. High-throughput prediction of enzyme promiscuity based on substrate-product pairs. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae089. [PMID: 38487850 PMCID: PMC10940840 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The screening of enzymes for catalyzing specific substrate-product pairs is often constrained in the realms of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. Existing tools based on substrate and reaction similarity predominantly rely on prior knowledge, demonstrating limited extrapolative capabilities and an inability to incorporate custom candidate-enzyme libraries. Addressing these limitations, we have developed the Substrate-product Pair-based Enzyme Promiscuity Prediction (SPEPP) model. This innovative approach utilizes transfer learning and transformer architecture to predict enzyme promiscuity, thereby elucidating the intricate interplay between enzymes and substrate-product pairs. SPEPP exhibited robust predictive ability, eliminating the need for prior knowledge of reactions and allowing users to define their own candidate-enzyme libraries. It can be seamlessly integrated into various applications, including metabolic engineering, de novo pathway design, and hazardous material degradation. To better assist metabolic engineers in designing and refining biochemical pathways, particularly those without programming skills, we also designed EnzyPick, an easy-to-use web server for enzyme screening based on SPEPP. EnzyPick is accessible at http://www.biosynther.com/enzypick/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadong Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Pengli Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dongliang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mengying Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yingying Le
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Laura-Hezner-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Qian-Nan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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16
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Franchino C, Vita V, Iammarino M, De Pace R. Monitoring of Animal Feed Contamination by Mycotoxins: Results of Five Years of Official Control by an Accredited Italian Laboratory. Microorganisms 2024; 12:173. [PMID: 38257999 PMCID: PMC10819248 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination of animal feed is a complex issue in both animal wellness and food safety. The most diffused mycotoxins subject to the official control of animal feed are Aflatoxin B1 (AF), Zearalenone (ZEA), Deoxynivalenol (DON), Ochratoxin A (OCRA), Fumonisins (FUMO), and T-2/HT-2 toxins. This work describes the results of five years of monitoring focused on the evaluation of mycotoxin contamination of animal feed. Analytical determinations were carried out by means of accredited ELISA. The obtained results showed a non-alarming scenario, with several samples resulting as "non-compliant" according to the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) set in European Regulation No. 574/2011. Out of 722 analyzed samples coming from 2 Italian regions, Apulia and Basilicata, 14 samples were characterized by mycotoxin concentrations higher than related MRL; in particular, 5, 4, and 5 non-compliant samples for DON, AF, and ZEA, respectively. This study also evaluated the possible correlations between mycotoxin type and feed use with a special focus on animal sensitivity to mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Iammarino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.)
| | - Rita De Pace
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.)
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17
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Niu J, Ma B, Shen J, Chi H, Zhou H, Lu Z, Lu F, Zhu P. Structure-Guided Steric Hindrance Engineering of Devosia Strain A6-243 Quinone-Dependent Dehydrogenase to Enhance Its Catalytic Efficiency. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:549-558. [PMID: 38153089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), the most widely distributed mycotoxin worldwide, causes severe health risks for humans and animals. Quinone-dependent dehydrogenase derived from Devosia strain A6-243 (DADH) can degrade DON into less toxic 3-keto-DON and then aldo-keto reductase AKR13B3 can reduce 3-keto-DON into relatively nontoxic 3-epi-DON. However, the poor catalytic efficiency of DADH made it unsuitable for practical applications, and it has become the rate-limiting step of the two-step enzymatic cascade catalysis. Here, structure-guided steric hindrance engineering was employed to enhance the catalytic efficiency of DADH. After the steric hindrance engineering, the best mutant, V429G/N431V/T432V/L434V/F537A (M5-1), showed an 18.17-fold increase in specific activity and an 11.04-fold increase in catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) compared with that of wild-type DADH. Structure-based computational analysis provided information on the increased catalytic efficiency in the directions that attenuated steric hindrance, which was attributed to the reshaped substrate-binding pocket with an expanded catalytic binding cavity and a favorable attack distance. Tunnel analysis suggested that reshaping the active cavity by mutation might alter the shape and size of the enzyme tunnels or form one new enzyme tunnel, which might contribute to the improved catalytic efficiency of M5-1. These findings provide a promising strategy to enhance the catalytic efficiency by steric hindrance engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Niu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bin Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juan Shen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huibing Chi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fengxia Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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18
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Wu J, Lv J, Zhao L, Zhao R, Gao T, Xu Q, Liu D, Yu Q, Ma F. Exploring the role of microbial proteins in controlling environmental pollutants based on molecular simulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167028. [PMID: 37704131 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular simulation has been widely used to study microbial proteins' structural composition and dynamic properties, such as volatility, flexibility, and stability at the microscopic scale. Herein, this review describes the key elements of molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in molecular simulation; reviews the techniques combined with molecular simulation, such as crystallography, spectroscopy, molecular biology, and machine learning, to validate simulation results and bridge information gaps in the structure, microenvironmental changes, expression mechanisms, and intensity quantification; illustrates the application of molecular simulation, in characterizing the molecular mechanisms of interaction of microbial proteins with four different types of contaminants, namely heavy metals (HMs), pesticides, dyes and emerging contaminants (ECs). Finally, the review outlines the important role of molecular simulations in the study of microbial proteins for controlling environmental contamination and provides ideas for the application of molecular simulation in screening microbial proteins and incorporating targeted mutagenesis to obtain more effective contaminant control proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieting Wu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Jin Lv
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources & Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ruofan Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qi Xu
- PetroChina Fushun Petrochemical Company, Fushun 113000, China
| | - Dongbo Liu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Qiqi Yu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources & Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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19
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Fang J, Sheng L, Ye Y, Ji J, Sun J, Zhang Y, Sun X. Recent advances in biosynthesis of mycotoxin-degrading enzymes and their applications in food and feed. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-17. [PMID: 38108665 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2294166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi in food and feed, which can cause serious health problems. Bioenzymatic degradation is gaining increasing popularity due to its high specificity, gentle degradation conditions, and environmental friendliness. We reviewed recently reported biosynthetic mycotoxin-degrading enzymes, traditional and novel expression systems, enzyme optimization strategies, food and feed applications, safety evaluation of both degrading enzymes and degradation products, and commercialization potentials. Special emphasis is given to the novel expression systems, advanced optimization strategies, and safety considerations for industrial use. Over ten types of recombinases such as oxidoreductase and hydrolase have been studied in the enzymatic hydrolysis of mycotoxins. Besides traditional expression system of Escherichia coli and yeasts, these enzymes can also be expressed in novel systems such as Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria. To meet the requirements of industrial applications in terms of degradation efficacy and stability, genetic engineering and computational tools are used to optimize enzymatic expression. Currently, registration and technical difficulties have restricted commercial application of mycotoxin-degrading enzymes. To overcome these obstacles, systematic safety evaluation of both biosynthetic enzymes and their degradation products, in-depth understanding of degradation mechanisms and a comprehensive evaluation of their impact on food and feed quality are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpei Fang
- School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Yixing, Jiangsu, P.R China
| | - Lina Sheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Yixing, Jiangsu, P.R China
| | - Yongli Ye
- School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Yixing, Jiangsu, P.R China
| | - Jian Ji
- School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Yixing, Jiangsu, P.R China
| | - Jiadi Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Yixing, Jiangsu, P.R China
| | - Yinzhi Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Yixing, Jiangsu, P.R China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Yixing, Jiangsu, P.R China
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20
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Gao M, Abdallah MF, Song M, Xu Y, Sun D, Lu P, Wang J. Novel Endophytic Pseudescherichia sp. GSE25 Strain Significantly Controls Fusarium graminearum and Reduces Deoxynivalenol in Wheat. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:702. [PMID: 38133206 PMCID: PMC10747052 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15120702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium heading blight (FHB) is a devastating disease in wheat, primarily caused by field invasion of Fusarium graminearum. Due to the scarcity of resistant wheat varieties, the agricultural sector resorts to chemical fungicides to control FHB incidence. On the other hand, biocontrol represents a promising, eco-friendly approach aligned with sustainable and green agriculture concepts. In the present study, a bacterial endophyte, Pseudescherichia sp. (GSE25), was isolated from wheat seeds and identified through complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. In vitro testing of this endophytic strain demonstrated strong antifungal activity against F. graminearum PH-1 by inhibiting spore germination, suppressing germ tube growth, and causing cell membrane damage. Under field conditions, the strain GSE25 significantly reduced the FHB incidence and the associated deoxynivalenol mycotoxin accumulation by over 60% and 80%, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of the isolated bacterial endophyte Pseudescherichia sp. GSE25 strain as a biocontrol agent in protecting wheat from FHB-caused F. graminearum. This is the first report showing a biocontrol effect of Pseudescherichia sp. a strain against phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (M.S.)
| | - Mohamed F. Abdallah
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium;
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Minggui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (M.S.)
| | - Yiqian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (M.S.)
| | - Daiyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (M.S.)
| | - Ping Lu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
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21
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Liu Y, Xu L, Shi Z, Wang R, Liu Y, Gong Y, Tian Y, Kang X, Sun X, Wang Y. Identification of an Acinetobacter pittii acyltransferase involved in transformation of deoxynivalenol to 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol by transcriptomic analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115395. [PMID: 37611475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin primarily produced by Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum), is widely present in food and feed, posing great hazards to human and livestock health. In this study, a strain of Acinetobacter pittii (A. pittii) S12 capable of degrading DON was isolated from soil samples and identified through morphological characterization, biochemistry analysis, and 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. The results of HPLC-MS indicated that the degradation products underwent a conversion from [M-H]- to [M+CH3CO], with concomitant transformation of the hydroxyl group into an acetyl moiety. Based on transcriptome sequencing analysis, the acyltransferase encoded by DLK06_RS13370 was predicted to be the pivotal gene responsible for DON biotransformation. The result of molecular docking analysis suggest a high affinity between the enzyme and DON. The recombinant protein encoded by DLK06_RS13370 was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and demonstrated the capacity to catalyze the conversion of DON into 3-Acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON), as confirmed by HPLC analysis. In conclusion, our findings confirm that the acyltransferase encoded by DLK06-RS13370 is responsible for the acetylation of DON. This sheds light on the co-occurrence of DON and its acetyl-derivatives in wheat-based products. DATA AVAILABILITY: Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Laipeng Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyao Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruolin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangli Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanbin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Tu Y, Liu S, Cai P, Shan T. Global distribution, toxicity to humans and animals, biodegradation, and nutritional mitigation of deoxynivalenol: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:3951-3983. [PMID: 37421323 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the main types of B trichothecenes, and it causes health-related issues in humans and animals and imposes considerable challenges to food and feed safety globally each year. This review investigates the global hazards of DON, describes the occurrence of DON in food and feed in different countries, and systematically uncovers the mechanisms of the various toxic effects of DON. For DON pollution, many treatments have been reported on the degradation of DON, and each of the treatments has different degradation efficacies and degrades DON by a distinct mechanism. These treatments include physical, chemical, and biological methods and mitigation strategies. Biodegradation methods include microorganisms, enzymes, and biological antifungal agents, which are of great research significance in food processing because of their high efficiency, low environmental hazards, and drug resistance. And we also reviewed the mechanisms of biodegradation methods of DON, the adsorption and antagonism effects of microorganisms, and the different chemical transformation mechanisms of enzymes. Moreover, nutritional mitigation including common nutrients (amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and microelements) and plant extracts was discussed in this review, and the mitigation mechanism of DON toxicity was elaborated from the biochemical point of view. These findings help explore various approaches to achieve the best efficiency and applicability, overcome DON pollution worldwide, ensure the sustainability and safety of food processing, and explore potential therapeutic options with the ability to reduce the deleterious effects of DON in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuang Tu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Peiran Cai
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Xu A, Zhou H, Yu S, Li Y, Wang L, Wu A, Liang J, Peng S, Liu N. Fusarium Mycotoxins and OTA in Beer from Shanghai, the Largest Megacity in China: Occurrence and Dietary Risk Assessment. Foods 2023; 12:3071. [PMID: 37628069 PMCID: PMC10452965 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Beer is susceptible to mycotoxin contamination originating from infected grains. It could be that mycotoxins are not completely removed during the brewing process and remain in the final product. Nevertheless, there have been no surveys of exposure to mycotoxin for Chinese inhabitants through beer consumption. This study aimed to investigate the presence of eight mycotoxins in 158 beer samples purchased in Shanghai, the largest megacity in China. The multiple mycotoxins determination was carried out using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Our findings revealed that 48.1% (76/158) of the beer samples were contaminated with Fusarium toxins. Deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) and zearalenone (ZEN) were detected in 34.81% and 16.46% of the total samples, respectively. The significant differences between D3G/ZEN contamination and various beer types were performed. Furthermore, this study performed a health risk assessment for Shanghai residents based on data for Fusarium toxins and ochratoxin A (OTA) present in beer for the first time. The results revealed that the 95th percentile dietary exposures of Shanghai residents did not pose any chronic or acute health risks, either individually or in combination. Dietary exposures to Fusarium toxins revealed different risk levels among residents. The cumulative health risk for women is higher than that for men at the same beer consumption. In addition, the acute risk of DONs exposure for adults deserves concern. The insights obtained from this study may be of assistance for beer manufacturers and governmental regulators to further develop beer monitoring and guarantee public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Xu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (A.X.); (H.Z.); (L.W.); (A.W.)
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (A.X.); (H.Z.); (L.W.); (A.W.)
| | - Shenghao Yu
- Information Application Research Center of Shanghai Municipal Administration for Market Regulation, Shanghai 200030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Yiqi Li
- Information Application Research Center of Shanghai Municipal Administration for Market Regulation, Shanghai 200030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Lan Wang
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (A.X.); (H.Z.); (L.W.); (A.W.)
| | - Aibo Wu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (A.X.); (H.Z.); (L.W.); (A.W.)
| | - Jiang Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), Department of Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 37, Guangqu Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Shaojie Peng
- Information Application Research Center of Shanghai Municipal Administration for Market Regulation, Shanghai 200030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Na Liu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (A.X.); (H.Z.); (L.W.); (A.W.)
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24
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Wang J, Li S, Wei J, Jiao T, Chen Q, Oyama M, Chen Q, Chen X. Screening-Capture-Integrated Electrochemiluminescent Aptasensor Based on Mesoporous Silica Nanochannels for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12052-12060. [PMID: 37498892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
To prevent the contamination of cereals by mycotoxins, establishing a sensitive and rapid method for the detection of mycotoxins is essential. In this study, a screening-capture-integrated electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor based on mesoporous silica films (MSFs) was successfully prepared for the ultrasensitive and highly selective detection of deoxynivalenol (DON) in wheat. The narrow nanochannels of MSFs can realize size screening, thereby eliminating the influence of macromolecular substances and providing a pure environment for the signal probe (tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)32+)) to reach the indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive substrate, which significantly improves the anti-interference ability of the screening-capture-integrated ECL sensor. The aptamer (Apt) attached to the surface of the MSFs can specifically capture DON, and the resulting DON-Apt complex has a gated effect on the MSFs, triggering the inhibition of Ru(bpy)32+ in the electrolyte from reaching the ITO surface. Therefore, the ECL intensity of the sensor decreased with increasing DON concentration to achieve a quantitative detection of DON. Under optimized conditions, the linear range of the screening-capture-integrated ECL aptasensor was 0.001-200 μg/kg, and the detection limit was as low as 5.27 × 10-5 μg/kg (S/N = 3). In conclusion, this study developed a screening-capture-integrated ECL aptasensor that combines size screening and specific capture for the detection of DON in wheat, providing a new approach for the early detection of wheat mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Wang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Silun Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jie Wei
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Tianhui Jiao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qingmin Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Munetaka Oyama
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Quansheng Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
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25
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Yu S, Zou L, Zhao J, Zhu Y. Individual and Combined Cytotoxic Effects of Co-Occurring Fumonisin Family Mycotoxins on Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cell. Foods 2023; 12:2555. [PMID: 37444293 PMCID: PMC10340252 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human health is seriously threatened by mycotoxin contamination, yet health risk assessments are typically based on just one mycotoxin, potentially excluding the additive or competitive interactions between co-occurring mycotoxins. In this investigation, we evaluated the individual or combined toxicological effects of three fumonisin-family B mycotoxins: fumonisin B1 (FB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2), and fumonisin B3 (FB3), by using porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC). IPEC cells were exposed to various concentrations (2.5-40 μM) for 48 h, and a cell counting kit (CCK8) was used to determine cell vitality. Firstly, we discovered that they might inhibit cell viability. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of FB1 was significantly greater than that of FB2 and FB3. The results also indicated that the combinations of FB1-FB2, FB2-FB3, and FB1-FB2-FB3 showed synergistically toxicological effects at the ID10-ID50 levels and antagonistic effects at the ID75-ID90 levels. In addition, the FB1-FB3 exposure was also synergistic at the ID10-ID25 level. We also found that myriocin and resveratrol alleviated the cytotoxicity induced by fumonisin in IPEC cells. In all, this study may contribute to the determination of legal limits, the optimization of risk assessment for fumonisins in food and feed, and the development of new methods to alleviate fumonisin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yu
- Division of Chemical Toxicity and Safety Assessment, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
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26
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Xu J, Su S, Song X, Luo S, Ye S, Situ W. A simple nanocomposite photocatalyst HT-rGO/TiO 2 for deoxynivalenol degradation in liquid food. Food Chem 2023; 408:135228. [PMID: 36549161 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A simple nanocomposite photocatalyst HT-rGO/TiO2 for deoxynivalenol (DON) degradation was synthesized by hydrothermal method to maintain the quality of cereal grains and byproducts. The characterization of HT-rGO/TiO2 was analyzed by XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS. Moreover, according to UV-vis DRS analysis, HT-rGO/TiO2 had a smaller band gap, indicating a wider response range to light and a higher utilized rate of quantum photons. Additionally, the results of LC-MS showed that the hydroxyl group at the C3 position, and the unsaturated bond between C9 and C10, and the epoxy group at C12 and C13 positions of DON molecule were destroyed step by step by photocatalytic degradation. These groups have active effects on the DON toxicity, which means it is successful to degrade DON in liquid-food by HT-rGO/TiO2 photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncong Xu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, GD 510640, China
| | - Shufen Su
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, GD 510640, China
| | - Xianliang Song
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, GD 510640, China
| | - Shucan Luo
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, GD 510640, China
| | - Shengying Ye
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, GD 510640, China
| | - Wenbei Situ
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, GD 510640, China.
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27
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Ji J, Zhang D, Ye J, Zheng Y, Cui J, Sun X. MycotoxinDB: A Data-Driven Platform for Investigating Masked Forms of Mycotoxins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37145977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are likely to be converted into masked forms when subjected to plant metabolism or food processing. These masked forms of mycotoxins together with their prototypes may cause mixture toxicity effects, causing adverse effects on animal welfare and productivity. The structure elucidation of masked mycotoxins is the most challenging task in mycotoxin research due to the limitations of traditional analysis methods. To assist in the rapid identification of masked mycotoxins, we developed a data-driven online prediction tool, MycotoxinDB, based on reaction rules. Using MycotoxinDB, we identified seven masked DONs from wheat samples. Given its widespread applications, we expect that MycotoxinDB will become an indispensable tool in future mycotoxin research. MycotoxinDB is freely available at: http://www.mycotoxin-db.com/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, No. 311 Nongda Dong Road, Ürümqi, 830052 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- Ecological Systems Design, Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Jin Ye
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No. 11 Baiwanzhuang Str, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P. R. China
| | - Jing Cui
- Wuxi Food Safety Inspection and Test Center, No. 1 Building, Life Science Park, Xinwu District, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
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28
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Statsyuk NV, Popletaeva SB, Shcherbakova LA. Post-Harvest Prevention of Fusariotoxin Contamination of Agricultural Products by Irreversible Microbial Biotransformation: Current Status and Prospects. BIOTECH 2023; 12:biotech12020032. [PMID: 37218749 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological degradation of mycotoxins is a promising environmentally-friendly alternative to chemical and physical detoxification methods. To date, a lot of microorganisms able to degrade them have been described; however, the number of studies determining degradation mechanisms and irreversibility of transformation, identifying resulting metabolites, and evaluating in vivo efficiency and safety of such biodegradation is significantly lower. At the same time, these data are crucial for the evaluation of the potential of the practical application of such microorganisms as mycotoxin-decontaminating agents or sources of mycotoxin-degrading enzymes. To date, there are no published reviews, which would be focused only on mycotoxin-degrading microorganisms with the proved irreversible transformation of these compounds into less toxic compounds. In this review, the existing information about microorganisms able to efficiently transform the three most common fusariotoxins (zearalenone, deoxinyvalenol, and fumonisin B1) is presented with allowance for the data on the corresponding irreversible transformation pathways, produced metabolites, and/or toxicity reduction. The recent data on the enzymes responsible for the irreversible transformation of these fusariotoxins are also presented, and the promising future trends in the studies in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Statsyuk
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, 143050 Bolshie Vyazemy, Russia
| | - Sophya B Popletaeva
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, 143050 Bolshie Vyazemy, Russia
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29
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Kouki H, Souihi M, Saadouli I, Balti S, Ayed A, Majdoub N, Mosbah A, Amri I, Mabrouk Y. Biocontrol Potential of Some Rhizospheric Soil Bacterial Strains against Fusarium culmorum and Subsequent Effect on Growth of Two Tunisian Wheat Cultivars. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1165. [PMID: 37317140 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) are used as biofertilizers and biological control agents against fungi. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antagonistic activities of some bacterial strains isolated from soil against four phytopathogenic fungal strains (Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, Phytophthora sp. and Verticillium dahlia). Two strains having an antagonist effect on fungi and displaying the maximum of plant growth promoting (PGP) traits were selected for further study and identified as Bacillus subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens respectively. In planta assays demonstrated that the two Bacillus strains are able to enhance plant growth of two wheat cultivars in absence of nitrogen and protect them against F. culmorum. Pot experiments performed in a greenhouse showed that wheat plants inoculation with two bacterial strains reduce F. culmorum disease severity correlated with the accumulation of phenolic compounds and chlorophyll content. These could partly explain the effectiveness of these bacteria in protecting Tunisian durum wheat cultivars against F. culmorum. Application B. amyloliquefaciens, showed better protection than B. subtilis although the last one enhanced more the plant growth of two wheat cultivars in absence of fungus. Hence, combination of two bacterial strains could be a strategic approach to enhance plant growth and control plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiba Kouki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet, Technopark, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Jarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Souihi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet, Technopark, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Ilhem Saadouli
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Sabrine Balti
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet, Technopark, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Jarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Amira Ayed
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet, Technopark, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet (ISBST), University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Nihed Majdoub
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet, Technopark, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Amor Mosbah
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Bio-Geo Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet (ISBST), University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Ismail Amri
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet, Technopark, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Mabrouk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet, Technopark, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
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Sun F, Yu D, Zhou H, Lin H, Yan Z, Wu A. CotA laccase from Bacillus licheniformis ZOM-1 effectively degrades zearalenone, aflatoxin B1 and alternariol. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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He L, Zhao X, Li J, Yang C. Post-weaning diarrhea and use of feedstuffs in pigs. Anim Front 2022; 12:41-52. [PMID: 36530506 PMCID: PMC9749819 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liuqin He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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Trichoderma versus Fusarium-Inhibition of Pathogen Growth and Mycotoxin Biosynthesis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238146. [PMID: 36500242 PMCID: PMC9735881 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the ability of selected strains of Trichoderma viride, T. viridescens, and T. atroviride to inhibit mycelium growth and the biosynthesis of mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), zearalenone (ZEN), α-(α-ZOL) and β-zearalenol (β-ZOL) by selected strains of Fusarium culmorum and F. cerealis. For this purpose, an in vitro experiment was carried out on solid substrates (PDA and rice). After 5 days of co-culture, it was found that all Trichoderma strains used in the experiment significantly inhibited the growth of Fusarium mycelium. Qualitative assessment of pathogen-antagonist interactions showed that Trichoderma colonized 75% to 100% of the medium surface (depending on the species and strain of the antagonist and the pathogen) and was also able to grow over the mycelium of the pathogen and sporulate. The rate of inhibition of Fusarium mycelium growth by Trichoderma ranged from approximately 24% to 66%. When Fusarium and Trichoderma were co-cultured on rice, Trichoderma strains were found to inhibit DON biosynthesis by about 73% to 98%, NIV by about 87% to 100%, and ZEN by about 12% to 100%, depending on the pathogen and antagonist strain. A glycosylated form of DON was detected in the co-culture of F. culmorum and Trichoderma, whereas it was absent in cultures of the pathogen alone, thus suggesting that Trichoderma is able to glycosylate DON. The results also suggest that a strain of T. viride is able to convert ZEN into its hydroxylated derivative, β-ZOL.
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Beer Safety: New Challenges and Future Trends within Craft and Large-Scale Production. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172693. [PMID: 36076878 PMCID: PMC9455588 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of physical, chemical, or microbiological contaminants in beer represents a broad and worthy problem with potential implications for human health. The expansion of beer types makes it more and more appreciated for the sensorial properties and health benefits of fermentation and functional ingredients, leading to significant consumed quantities. Contaminant sources are the raw materials, risks that may occur in the production processes (poor sanitation, incorrect pasteurisation), the factory environment (air pollution), or inadequate (ethanol) consumption. We evaluated the presence of these contaminants in different beer types. This review covers publications that discuss the presence of bacteria (Lactobacillus, Pediococcus), yeasts (Saccharomyces, Candida), moulds (Fusarium, Aspergillus), mycotoxins, heavy metals, biogenic amines, and micro- and nano-plastic in beer products, ending with a discussion regarding the identified gaps in current risk reduction or elimination strategies.
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Adácsi C, Kovács S, Pócsi I, Pusztahelyi T. Elimination of Deoxynivalenol, Aflatoxin B1, and Zearalenone by Gram-Positive Microbes (Firmicutes). Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090591. [PMID: 36136529 PMCID: PMC9501497 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin contaminations in the feed and food chain are common. Either directly or indirectly, mycotoxins enter the human body through the consumption of food of plant and animal origin. Bacteria with a high mycotoxin elimination capability can reduce mycotoxin contamination in feed and food. Four Gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis AMK10/1, Lysinibacillus boronitolerans AMK9/1, Lysinibacillus fusiformis AMK10/2, and Rummeliibacillus suwonensis AMK9/2) were isolated from fermented forages and tested for their deoxynivalenol (DON), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and zearalenone (ZEA) elimination potentials. Notably, the contribution of bacterial cell wall fractions to the observed outstanding ZEA elimination rates was demonstrated; however, the ZEA elimination differed considerably within the tested group of Gram-positive bacteria. It is worth noting that the purified cell wall of L. boronitolerans AMK9/1, L. fusiformis AMK10/2 and B. thuringiensis AMK10/1 were highly efficient in eliminating ZEA and the teichoic acid fractions of B. thuringiensis AMK10/1, and L. fusiformis AMK10/2 could also be successfully used in ZEA binding. The ZEA elimination capacity of viable R. suwonensis AMK9/2 cells was outstanding (40%). Meanwhile, R. suwonensis AMK9/2 and L. boronitolerans AMK9/1 cells produced significant esterase activities, and ZEA elimination of the cell wall fractions of that species did not correlate with esterase activity. DON and AFB1 binding capabilities of the tested bacterial cells and their cell wall fractions were low, except for B. thuringiensis AMK10/1, where the observed high 64% AFB1 elimination could be linked to the surface layer (S-layer) fraction of the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Adácsi
- Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Kovács
- Central Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Products, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Pusztahelyi
- Central Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Products, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-20-210-9491
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