1
|
Colomer-Winter C, Yong AMH, Chong KKL, Veleba M, Choo PY, Gao IH, Matysik A, Ho FK, Chen SL, Kline KA. The HtrA chaperone monitors sortase-assembled pilus biogenesis in Enterococcus faecalis. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011071. [PMID: 39102428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Sortase-assembled pili contribute to virulence in many Gram-positive bacteria. In Enterococcus faecalis, the endocarditis and biofilm-associated pilus (Ebp) is polymerized on the membrane by sortase C (SrtC) and attached to the cell wall by sortase A (SrtA). In the absence of SrtA, polymerized pili remain anchored to the membrane (i.e. off-pathway). Here we show that the high temperature requirement A (HtrA) bifunctional chaperone/protease of E. faecalis is a quality control system that clears aberrant off-pathway pili from the cell membrane. In the absence of HtrA and SrtA, accumulation of membrane-bound pili leads to cell envelope stress and partially induces the regulon of the ceftriaxone resistance-associated CroRS two-component system, which in turn causes hyper-piliation and cell morphology alterations. Inactivation of croR in the OG1RF ΔsrtAΔhtrA background partially restores the observed defects of the ΔsrtAΔhtrA strain, supporting a role for CroRS in the response to membrane perturbations. Moreover, absence of SrtA and HtrA decreases basal resistance of E. faecalis against cephalosporins and daptomycin. The link between HtrA, pilus biogenesis and the CroRS two-component system provides new insights into the E. faecalis response to endogenous membrane perturbations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Colomer-Winter
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adeline M H Yong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kelvin K L Chong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Veleba
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei Yi Choo
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Iris Hanxing Gao
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Artur Matysik
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Foo Kiong Ho
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Swaine L Chen
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Genome #02-01, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kimberly A Kline
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bhat AH, Chang C, Das A, Ton-That H. Molecular basis for sortase-catalyzed pilus tip assembly. mBio 2024:e0148424. [PMID: 39092925 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01484-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
During pilus assembly within the Gram-positive bacterial envelope, membrane-bound sortase enzymes sequentially crosslink specific pilus protein monomers through their cell wall sorting signals (CWSS), starting with a designated tip pilin, followed by the shaft made of another pilin, ultimately anchoring the fiber base pilin to the cell wall. To date, the molecular determinants that govern pilus tip assembly and the underlying mechanism remain unknown. Here, we addressed this in the model organism Actinomyces oris. This oral microbe assembles a pathogenically important pilus (known as type 2 fimbria) whose shafts, made of FimA pilins, display one of two alternate tip pilins-FimB or the coaggregation factor CafA-that share a markedly similar CWSS. We demonstrate that swapping the CWSS of CafA with that of FimB produces a functional hybrid, which localizes at the pilus tip and mediates polymicrobial coaggregation, whereas alanine-substitution of the conserved FLIAG motif within the CWSS hampers these processes. Remarkably, swapping the CWSS of the normal cell wall-anchored glycoprotein GspA with that of CafA promotes the assembly of hybrid GspA at the FimA pilus tip. Finally, exchanging the CWSS of the Corynebacterium diphtheriae shaft pilin SpaA with that of CafA leads to the FLIAG motif-dependent localization of the heterologous pilus protein SpaA at the FimA pilus tip in A. oris. Evidently, the CWSS and the FLIAG motif of CafA are both necessary and sufficient for its destination to the cognate pilus tip specifically assembled by a designated sortase in the organism. IMPORTANCE Gram-positive pili, whose precursors harbor a cell wall sorting signal (CWSS) needed for sortase-mediated pilus assembly, typically comprise a pilus shaft and a tip adhesin. How a pilin becomes a pilus tip, nevertheless, remains undetermined. We demonstrate here in Actinomyces oris that the CWSS of the tip pilin CafA is necessary and sufficient to promote pilus tip assembly, and this functional assembly involves a conserved FLIAG motif within the CWSS. This is evidenced by the fact that an A. oris cell-wall anchored glycoprotein, GspA, or a heterologous shaft pilin from Corynebacterium diphtheriae, SpaA, engineered to have the CWSS of CafA in place of their CWSS, localizes at the pilus tip in a process that requires the FLIAG motif. Our findings provide the molecular basis for sortase-catalyzed pilus tip assembly that is very likely employed by other Gram-positive bacteria and potential bioengineering applications to display antigens at controlled surface distance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aadil H Bhat
- Division of Oral & Systemic Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chungyu Chang
- Division of Oral & Systemic Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Asis Das
- Department of Medicine, Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hung Ton-That
- Division of Oral & Systemic Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prajapati A, Palva A, von Ossowski I, Krishnan V. The crystal structure of the N-terminal domain of the backbone pilin LrpA reveals a new closure-and-twist motion for assembling dynamic pili in Ligilactobacillus ruminis. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2024; 80:474-492. [PMID: 38935340 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798324005114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sortase-dependent pili are long surface appendages that mediate attachment, colonization and biofilm formation in certain genera and species of Gram-positive bacteria. Ligilactobacillus ruminis is an autochthonous gut commensal that relies on sortase-dependent LrpCBA pili for host adherence and persistence. X-ray crystal structure snapshots of the backbone pilin LrpA were captured in two atypical bent conformations leading to a zigzag morphology in the LrpCBA pilus structure. Small-angle X-ray scattering and structural analysis revealed that LrpA also adopts the typical linear conformation, resulting in an elongated pilus morphology. Various conformational analyses and biophysical experiments helped to demonstrate that a hinge region located at the end of the flexible N-terminal domain of LrpA facilitates a new closure-and-twist motion for assembling dynamic pili during the assembly process and host attachment. Further, the incongruent combination of flexible domain-driven conformational dynamics and rigid isopeptide bond-driven stability observed in the LrpCBA pilus might also extend to the sortase-dependent pili of other bacteria colonizing a host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amar Prajapati
- Laboratory of Structural Microbiology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR, Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121 001, India
| | - Airi Palva
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Vengadesan Krishnan
- Laboratory of Structural Microbiology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR, Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121 001, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sung K, Park M, Chon J, Kweon O, Khan S. Unraveling the molecular dynamics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms at the air-liquid interface. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:681-696. [PMID: 38661712 PMCID: PMC11259063 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to probe the dynamics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 air-liquid interface (ALI) biofilms over time through global proteomic analysis. Materials & methods: P. aeruginosa PA14 ALI biofilm samples, collected over 48-144 h, underwent differential expression analysis to identify varying proteins at each time point. Results: A consistent set of 778 proteins was identified, with variable expression over time. Upregulated proteins were mainly linked to 'amino acid transport and metabolism'. Biofilm-related pathways, including cAMP/Vfr and QS, underwent significant changes. Flagella were more influential than pili, especially in early biofilm development. Proteins associated with virulence, transporters and iron showed differential expression throughout. Conclusion: The findings enhance our understanding of ALI biofilm development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kidon Sung
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Miseon Park
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Jungwhan Chon
- Department of Companion Animal Health, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea
| | - Ohgew Kweon
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Saeed Khan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang Y, Wu Y, Hu H, Tong B, Wang J, Zhang S, Wang Y, Zhang J, Yin Y, Dai S, Zhao W, An B, Pu J, Wang Y, Peng C, Li N, Zhou J, Tan Y, Zhong C. Accelerating the design of pili-enabled living materials using an integrative technological workflow. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:201-210. [PMID: 38012344 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria can be programmed to create engineered living materials (ELMs) with self-healing and evolvable functionalities. However, further development of ELMs is greatly hampered by the lack of engineerable nonpathogenic chassis and corresponding programmable endogenous biopolymers. Here, we describe a technological workflow for facilitating ELMs design by rationally integrating bioinformatics, structural biology and synthetic biology technologies. We first develop bioinformatics software, termed Bacteria Biopolymer Sniffer (BBSniffer), that allows fast mining of biopolymers and biopolymer-producing bacteria of interest. As a proof-of-principle study, using existing pathogenic pilus as input, we identify the covalently linked pili (CLP) biosynthetic gene cluster in the industrial workhorse Corynebacterium glutamicum. Genetic manipulation and structural characterization reveal the molecular mechanism of the CLP assembly, ultimately enabling a type of programmable pili for ELM design. Finally, engineering of the CLP-enabled living materials transforms cellulosic biomass into lycopene by coupling the extracellular and intracellular bioconversion ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanfei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Han Hu
- Shenzhen Xbiome Biotech Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jicong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue Yin
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengkun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bolin An
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiahua Pu
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Peng
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiahai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yan Tan
- Shenzhen Xbiome Biotech Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Chao Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tyagi S, Yadav RK, Krishnan V. Determination of the Crystal Structure of the Cell Wall-Anchored Proteins and Pilins. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2727:159-191. [PMID: 37815717 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3491-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface proteins and pili (or pilus) anchored on the Gram-positive bacterial cell wall play a vital role in adhesion, colonization, biofilm formation, and immunomodulation. The pilus consists of building blocks called pilins or pilus subunits. The surface proteins and pilins share some common sequences and structural features. They contain an N-terminal signal sequence and the C-terminal cell wall sorting region, enabling their transportation across the membrane and covalent attachment to the bacterial cell wall, respectively. The transpeptidase enzymes called sortases facilitate the covalent links between the pilins during the pilus assembly and between surface proteins or basal subunits of pili and peptidoglycan-bridge during the cell wall anchoring. Thus, elucidating three-dimensional structures for the surface proteins and pilins at the atomic level is essential for understanding the mechanism of adhesion, pilus assembly, and host interaction. This chapter aims to provide a general protocol for crystal structure determination of surface proteins and pilins anchored on the Gram-positive bacterial cell wall and substrates for sortases. The protocol involves the production of recombinant protein, crystallization, and structure determination by X-ray crystallography technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Tyagi
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Rajnesh Kumari Yadav
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Vengadesan Krishnan
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sue CK, Cheung NA, Mahoney BJ, McConnell SA, Scully JM, Fu JY, Chang C, Ton-That H, Loo JA, Clubb RT. The basal and major pilins in the Corynebacterium diphtheriae SpaA pilus adopt similar structures that competitively react with the pilin polymerase. Biopolymers 2024; 115:e23539. [PMID: 37227047 PMCID: PMC11164409 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Many species of pathogenic gram-positive bacteria display covalently crosslinked protein polymers (called pili or fimbriae) that mediate microbial adhesion to host tissues. These structures are assembled by pilus-specific sortase enzymes that join the pilin components together via lysine-isopeptide bonds. The archetypal SpaA pilus from Corynebacterium diphtheriae is built by the Cd SrtA pilus-specific sortase, which crosslinks lysine residues within the SpaA and SpaB pilins to build the shaft and base of the pilus, respectively. Here, we show that Cd SrtA crosslinks SpaB to SpaA via a K139(SpaB)-T494(SpaA) lysine-isopeptide bond. Despite sharing only limited sequence homology, an NMR structure of SpaB reveals striking similarities with the N-terminal domain of SpaA (N SpaA) that is also crosslinked by Cd SrtA. In particular, both pilins contain similarly positioned reactive lysine residues and adjacent disordered AB loops that are predicted to be involved in the recently proposed "latch" mechanism of isopeptide bond formation. Competition experiments using an inactive SpaB variant and additional NMR studies suggest that SpaB terminates SpaA polymerization by outcompeting N SpaA for access to a shared thioester enzyme-substrate reaction intermediate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K. Sue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics
| | - Nicole A. Cheung
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics
- Molecular Biology Institute
| | - Brendan J. Mahoney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics
| | - Scott A. McConnell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics
| | - Jack M. Scully
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics
| | - Janine Y. Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics
| | - Chungyu Chang
- Molecular Biology Institute
- Division of Oral and Systemic Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Hung Ton-That
- Molecular Biology Institute
- Division of Oral and Systemic Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Joseph A. Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics
- Molecular Biology Institute
| | - Robert T. Clubb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics
- Molecular Biology Institute
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Edison LK, Kudva IT, Kariyawasam S. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Bovine Rectoanal Junction Cells and Human Colonic Epithelial Cells during Initial Adherence. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2562. [PMID: 37894220 PMCID: PMC10609592 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are notorious foodborne pathogens, capable of causing severe diarrhea and life-threatening complications in humans. Cattle, acting as both primary reservoirs and asymptomatic carriers of STEC, predominantly harbor the pathogen in their rectoanal junction (RAJ), facilitating its transmission to humans through contaminated food sources. Despite the central role of cattle in STEC transmission, the molecular mechanisms governing STEC's adaptation in the RAJ of the asymptomatic reservoir host and its subsequent infection of human colonic epithelial cells, resulting in diarrhea, remain largely unexplored. This study aims to uncover these complicated dynamics by focusing on the STEC O157:H7 serotype within two distinct host environments, bovine RAJ cells and human colonic epithelial cells, during initial colonization. We employed comparative transcriptomics analysis to investigate differential gene expression profiles of STEC O157:H7 during interactions with these cell types. STEC O157:H7 was cultured either with bovine RAJ cells or the human colonic epithelial cell line CCD CoN 841 to simulate STEC-epithelial cell interactions within these two host species. High-throughput RNA sequencing revealed 829 and 1939 bacterial genes expressed in RAJ and CCD CoN 841, respectively. After gene filtering, 221 E. coli O157:H7 genes were upregulated during initial adherence to CCD CoN cells and 436 with RAJ cells. Furthermore, 22 genes were uniquely expressed with human cells and 155 genes with bovine cells. Our findings revealed distinct expression patterns of STEC O157:H7 genes involved in virulence, including adherence, metal iron homeostasis, and stress response during its initial adherence (i.e., six hours post-infection) to bovine RAJ cells, as opposed to human colonic epithelial cells. Additionally, the comparative analysis highlighted the potential role of some genes in host adaptation and tissue-specific pathogenicity. These findings shed new light on the potential mechanisms of STEC O157:H7 contributing to colonize the intestinal epithelium during the first six hours of infection, leading to survival and persistence in the bovine reservoir and causing disease in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lekshmi K. Edison
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Indira T. Kudva
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA;
| | - Subhashinie Kariyawasam
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li L, Lin Y, Agyekumwaa Addo K, Yu Y, Liao C. Effect of allyl isothiocyanate on the growth and virulence of Clostridium perfringens and its application on cooked pork. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113110. [PMID: 37689877 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to explore the antibacterial action modes and virulence-inhibitory effects of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) against Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AITC against vegetative cells of Cp 13124 was 0.1 μL/mL, and the time-kill kinetics analysis revealed that AITC could significantly suppress the growth of Cp 13124. According to the results from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence microscopy, and UV absorbance substance detection, the cell membrane of Cp 13124 was damaged upon AITC treatment, causing a loss of integrity and the release of intracellular substances. Meanwhile, the fluorescence quenching experiment indicated the interaction of AIT-C with membrane proteins, which caused changes in the conformation of membrane proteins. Measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that AITC could induce apoptosis through oxidative stress. The formation of Cp 13124 biofilms was inhibited by AITC using the crystalline violet method, which was possibly related to the inhibition of sliding motility. Finally, low concentrations of AITC could be used as an antibacterial agent to inhibit the outgrowth of Cp 13124 in cooked pork, suggesting that AITC is a promising candidate for novel preservatives in the meat business.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linying Li
- Research Center of Food Safety and Detection, College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yilin Lin
- Research Center of Food Safety and Detection, College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Keren Agyekumwaa Addo
- Research Center of Food Safety and Detection, College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yigang Yu
- Research Center of Food Safety and Detection, College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Caihu Liao
- Yingdong Food Science and Engineering Institute, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resourcesin Northern Guangdong, Shaoguan 512005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jiang F, Cai C, Wang X, Han S. A dual biomarker-targeting probe enables signal-on surface labeling of Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 93:129428. [PMID: 37541632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Imaging or killing of a specific pathogen is of significance for precise therapy. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an infectious gram-positive bacteria relying on Sortase A (SrtA) to anchor cell surface protein on peptidoglycan. We herein report signal-on labeling of S. aureus with self-quenched optical probes featuring vancomycin-conjugated SrtA substrate that is flanked by a dabcyl moiety paired with either fluorescein or eosine photosensizer (PS). SrtA-mediated cleavage of the substrate motif releases the dabcyl quencher, leading to covalent labeling of peptidoglycan with fluorescein or PS of restored photophysical property. The dual biomarked-enabled peptidoglycan labeling enables signal-on imaging and effective photodynamic destruction of S. aureus, suggesting a protheranostic approch activatable to SrtA-positive bacteria engaged in myriad diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chengteng Cai
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Shoufa Han
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qiu J, Shi Y, Zhao F, Xu Y, Xu H, Dai Y, Cao Y. The Pan-Genomic Analysis of Corynebacterium striatum Revealed its Genetic Characteristics as an Emerging Multidrug-Resistant Pathogen. Evol Bioinform Online 2023; 19:11769343231191481. [PMID: 37576785 PMCID: PMC10422898 DOI: 10.1177/11769343231191481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium striatum is a Gram-positive bacterium that is straight or slightly curved and non-spore-forming. Although it was originally believed to be a part of the normal microbiome of human skin, a growing number of studies have identified it as a cause of various chronic diseases, bacteremia, and respiratory infections. However, despite its increasing importance as a pathogen, the genetic characteristics of the pathogen population, such as genomic characteristics and differences, the types of resistance genes and virulence factors carried by the pathogen and their distribution in the population are poorly understood. To address these knowledge gaps, we conducted a pan-genomic analysis of 314 strains of C. striatum isolated from various tissues and geographic locations. Our analysis revealed that C. striatum has an open pan-genome, comprising 5692 gene families, including 1845 core gene families, 2362 accessory gene families, and 1485 unique gene families. We also found that C. striatum exhibits a high degree of diversity across different sources, but strains isolated from skin tissue are more conserved. Furthermore, we identified 53 drug resistance genes and 42 virulence factors by comparing the strains to the drug resistance gene database (CARD) and the pathogen virulence factor database (VFDB), respectively. We found that these genes and factors are widely distributed among C. striatum, with 77.7% of strains carrying 2 or more resistance genes and displaying primary resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, lincomycin, macrolides, and streptomycin. The virulence factors are primarily associated with pathogen survival within the host, iron uptake, pili, and early biofilm formation. In summary, our study provides insights into the population diversity, resistance genes, and virulence factors ofC. striatum from different sources. Our findings could inform future research and clinical practices in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of C. striatum-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Qiu
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provence, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yulan Shi
- Wound Treatment Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, West China College of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provence, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provence, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provence, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Wound Treatment Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, West China College of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provence, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Khan SA, Shakoor A. Recent Strategies and Future Recommendations for the Fabrication of Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Antibiofouling Biomaterials. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:3377-3405. [PMID: 37366489 PMCID: PMC10290865 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s406078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials and biomedical devices induced life-threatening bacterial infections and other biological adverse effects such as thrombosis and fibrosis have posed a significant threat to global healthcare. Bacterial infections and adverse biological effects are often caused by the formation of microbial biofilms and the adherence of various biomacromolecules, such as platelets, proteins, fibroblasts, and immune cells, to the surfaces of biomaterials and biomedical devices. Due to the programmed interconnected networking of bacteria in microbial biofilms, they are challenging to treat and can withstand several doses of antibiotics. Additionally, antibiotics can kill bacteria but do not prevent the adsorption of biomacromolecules from physiological fluids or implanting sites, which generates a conditioning layer that promotes bacteria's reattachment, development, and eventual biofilm formation. In these viewpoints, we highlighted the magnitude of biomaterials and biomedical device-induced infections, the role of biofilm formation, and biomacromolecule adhesion in human pathogenesis. We then discussed the solutions practiced in healthcare systems for curing biomaterials and biomedical device-induced infections and their limitations. Moreover, this review comprehensively elaborated on the recent advances in designing and fabricating biomaterials and biomedical devices with these three properties: antibacterial (bacterial killing), antibiofilm (biofilm inhibition/prevention), and antibiofouling (biofouling inhibition/prevention) against microbial species and against the adhesion of other biomacromolecules. Besides we also recommended potential directions for further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Ahmad Khan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Adnan Shakoor
- Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yadav S, Parijat P, Krishnan V. The crystal structure of sortase C from an early colonizer of dental plaque, Streptococcus sanguinis, reveals an active open-lid conformation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125183. [PMID: 37276901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dental plaque is a complex microbial biofilm community of many species and a major cause of oral infections and infectious endocarditis. Plaque development begins when primary colonizers attach to oral tissues and undergo coaggregation. Primary colonizers facilitate cellular attachment and inter-bacterial interactions through sortase-dependent pili (or fimbriae) extending out from their cell surface. Consequently, the sortase enzyme is viewed as a potential drug target for controlling biofilm formation and avoiding infection. Streptococcus sanguinis is a primary colonizing bacterium whose pili consist of three different pilin subunits that are assembled together by the pilus-specific (C-type) SsaSrtC sortase. Here, we report on the crystal structure determination of the recombinant wild-type and active-site mutant forms of SsaSrtC. Interestingly, the SsaSrtC structure exhibits an open-lid conformation, although a conserved DPX motif is lacking in the lid. Based on molecular docking and structural analysis, we identified the substrate-binding residues essential for pilin recognition and pilus assembly. We also demonstrated that while recombinant SsaSrtC is enzymatically active toward the five-residue LPNTG sorting motif peptide of the pilins, this activity is significantly reduced by the presence of zinc. We further showed that rutin and α-crocin are potential candidate inhibitors of the SsaSrtC sortase via structure-based virtual screening and inhibition assays. The structural knowledge gained from our study will provide the means to develop new approaches that target pilus-mediated attachment, thereby preventing oral biofilm growth and infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smita Yadav
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Priyanka Parijat
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Vengadesan Krishnan
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Heidarpanah S, Thibodeau A, Parreira VR, Quessy S, Segura M, Meniaï I, Gottschalk M, Gaudreau A, Juette T, Gaucher ML. Immunization of broiler chickens with five newly identified surface-exposed proteins unique to Clostridium perfringens causing necrotic enteritis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5254. [PMID: 37002317 PMCID: PMC10063949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the ban or reduction on the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in commercial broiler chickens in many countries, avian necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens has re-emerged as one of the biggest threats for the poultry industry worldwide. While the toolbox for controlling NE in the absence of antibiotics consists of a limited number of alternatives for which the overall effectiveness has yet proven to be suboptimal, an effective vaccine would represent the best control strategy for this often-deadly disease. Using a comparative and subtractive reverse vaccinology approach, we previously identified 14 putative antigenic proteins unique to NE-causing strains of C. perfringens. In the current work, the in silico findings were confirmed by PCR and sequencing, and five vaccine candidate proteins were produced and purified subsequently. Among them, two candidates were hypothetical proteins, two candidates were prepilin proteins which are predicted to form the subunits of a pilus structure, and one candidate was a non-heme iron protein. Western blotting and ELISA results showed that immunization of broiler chickens with five of these proteins raised antibodies which can specifically recognize both the recombinant and native forms of the protein in pathogenic C. perfringens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Heidarpanah
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche Sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Valeria R Parreira
- Food Science Department, Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety (CRIFS), University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sylvain Quessy
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Groupe de Recherche Sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Ilhem Meniaï
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Groupe de Recherche Sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Annie Gaudreau
- Groupe de Recherche Sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Tristan Juette
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marie-Lou Gaucher
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
- Groupe de Recherche Sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sinha S, Callow BW, Farfel AP, Roy S, Chen S, Rajendran S, Buschhaus JM, Luker KE, Ghosh P, Luker GD. A Multiomic Analysis Reveals How Breast Cancers Disseminated to the Bone Marrow Acquire Aggressive Phenotypes through Tumor-Stroma Tunnels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.18.533175. [PMID: 36993616 PMCID: PMC10055300 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.18.533175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer commonly disseminates to bone marrow, where interactions with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) shape disease trajectory. We modeled these interactions with tumor-MSC co-cultures and used an integrated transcriptome-proteome-network- analyses workflow to identify a comprehensive catalog of contact-induced changes. Induced genes and proteins in cancer cells, some borrowed and others tumor-intrinsic, were not recapitulated merely by conditioned media from MSCs. Protein-protein interaction networks revealed the rich connectome between 'borrowed' and 'intrinsic' components. Bioinformatic approaches prioritized one of the 'borrowed' components, CCDC88A /GIV, a multi-modular metastasis-related protein which has recently been implicated in driving one of the hallmarks of cancers, i.e., growth signaling autonomy. MSCs transferred GIV protein to ER+ breast cancer cells (that lack GIV) through tunnelling nanotubes via connexin (Cx)43-facilitated intercellular transport. Reinstating GIV alone in GIV-negative breast cancer cells reproduced ∼20% of both the 'borrowed' and the 'intrinsic' gene induction patterns from contact co-cultures; conferred resistance to anti-estrogen drugs; and enhanced tumor dissemination. Findings provide a multiomic insight into MSC→tumor cell intercellular transport and validate how transport of one such candidate, GIV, from the haves (MSCs) to have-nots (ER+ breast cancer) orchestrates aggressive disease states.
Collapse
|
16
|
Sue CK, Cheung NA, Mahoney BJ, McConnell SA, Scully JM, Fu JY, Chang C, Ton-That H, Loo JA, Clubb RT. The Basal and Major Pilins in the Corynebacterium diphtheriae SpaA Pilus Adopt Similar Structures that Competitively React with the Pilin Polymerase. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.23.529612. [PMID: 36865106 PMCID: PMC9980135 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.23.529612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Many species of pathogenic gram-positive bacteria display covalently crosslinked protein polymers (called pili or fimbriae) that mediate microbial adhesion to host tissues. These structures are assembled by pilus-specific sortase enzymes that join the pilin components together via lysine-isopeptide bonds. The archetypal SpaA pilus from Corynebacterium diphtheriae is built by the Cd SrtA pilus-specific sortase, which crosslinks lysine residues within the SpaA and SpaB pilins to build the shaft and base of the pilus, respectively. Here, we show that Cd SrtA crosslinks SpaB to SpaA via a K139(SpaB)-T494(SpaA) lysine-isopeptide bond. Despite sharing only limited sequence homology, an NMR structure of SpaB reveals striking similarities with the N-terminal domain of SpaA ( N SpaA) that is also crosslinked by Cd SrtA. In particular, both pilins contain similarly positioned reactive lysine residues and adjacent disordered AB loops that are predicted to be involved in the recently proposed "latch" mechanism of isopeptide bond formation. Competition experiments using an inactive SpaB variant and additional NMR studies suggest that SpaB terminates SpaA polymerization by outcompeting N SpaA for access to a shared thioester enzyme-substrate reaction intermediate.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kang Y, Chen S, Zheng B, Du X, Li Z, Tan Z, Zhou H, Huang J, Tian L, Zhong J, Ma X, Li F, Yao J, Wang Y, Zheng M, Li Z. Epidemiological Investigation of Hospital Transmission of Corynebacterium striatum Infection by Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing Approach. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0149022. [PMID: 36537812 PMCID: PMC9927548 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01490-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium striatum has recently received increasing attention due to its multiple antimicrobial resistances and its role as an invasive infection/outbreak agent. Recently, whole-genome sequencing (WGS)-based core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) has been used in epidemiological studies of specific human pathogens. However, this method has not been reported in studies of C. striatum. In this work, we aim to propose a cgMLST scheme for C. striatum. All publicly available C. striatum genomes, 30 C. striatum strains isolated from the same hospital, and 1 epidemiologically unrelated outgroup C. striatum strain were used to establish a cgMLST scheme targeting 1,795 genes (hereinafter referred to as 1,795-cgMLST). The genotyping results of cgMLST showed good congruence with core genome-based single-nucleotide polymorphism typing in terms of tree topology. In addition, the cgMLST provided a greater discrimination than the MLST method based on 6 housekeeping genes (gyrA, gyrB, hsp65, rpoB, secA1, and sodA). We established a clonal group (CG) threshold based on 104 allelic differences; a total of 56 CGs were identified from among 263 C. striatum strains. We also defined an outbreak threshold based on seven allelic differences that is capable of identifying closely related isolates that could give clues on hospital transmission. According to the results of analysis of drug-resistant genes and virulence genes, we identified CG4, CG5, CG26, CG28, and CG55 as potentially hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant CGs of C. striatum. This study provides valuable genomic epidemiological data on the diversity, resistance, and virulence profiles of this potentially pathogenic microorganism. IMPORTANCE Recently, WGS of many human and animal pathogens has been successfully used to investigate microbial outbreaks. The cgMLST schema are powerful genotyping tools that can be used to investigate potential epidemics and provide classification of the strains precise and reliable. In this study, we proposed the development of a cgMLST typing scheme for C. striatum, and then we evaluated this scheme for its applicability to hospital transmission investigations. This report describes the first cgMLST schema for C. striatum. The analysis of hospital transmission of C. striatum based on cgMLST methods has important clinical epidemiological significance for improving nosocomial infection monitoring of C. striatum and in-depth understanding of its nosocomial transmission routes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shenglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Beijia Zheng
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Du
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhizhou Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Institute for the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, Xinjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Leihao Tian
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xueli Ma
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Jiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital & Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Meiqin Zheng
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Schindler Y, Rahav G, Nissan I, Treygerman O, Prajgrod G, Attia BZ, Raz R, Valenci GZ, Tekes-Manova D, Maor Y. Group B streptococcus virulence factors associated with different clinical syndromes: Asymptomatic carriage in pregnant women and early-onset disease in the newborn. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1093288. [PMID: 36860481 PMCID: PMC9968972 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1093288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Group B streptococcus (GBS) harbors many virulence factors but there is limited data regarding their importance in colonization in pregnancy and early-onset disease (EOD) in the newborn. We hypothesized that colonization and EOD are associated with different distribution and expression of virulence factors. Methods We studied 36 GBS EOD and 234 GBS isolates collected during routine screening. Virulence genes (pilus-like structures-PI-1, PI-2a, PI-2b; rib and hvgA) presence and expression were identified by PCR and qRT-PCR. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) and comparative genomic analyses were used to compare coding sequences (CDSs) of colonizing and EOD isolates. Results Serotype III (ST17) was significantly associated with EOD and serotype VI (ST1) with colonization. hvgA and rib genes were more prevalent among EOD isolates (58.3 and 77.8%, respectively; p < 0.01). The pilus loci PI-2b and PI-2a were more prevalent among EOD isolates (61.1%, p < 0.01), while the pilus loci PI-2a and PI-1 among colonizing isolates (89.7 and 93.1% vs. 55.6 and 69.4%, p < 0.01). qRT PCR analysis revealed that hvgA was barely expressed in colonizing isolates, even though the gene was detected. Expression of the rib gene and PI-2b was two-fold higher in EOD isolates compared to colonizing isolates. Transcription of PI-2a was three-fold higher in colonizing isolates compared to EOD isolates. ST17 isolates (associated with EOD) had a smaller genome size compared ST1 and the genome was more conserved relative to the reference strain and ST17 isolates. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis virulence factors independently associated with EOD were serotype 3, and PI-1 and PI-2a was protective. Conclusion There was a significant difference in the distribution of hvg A, rib, and PI genes among EOD (serotype III/ST17) and colonizing (serotype VI/ST1) isolates suggesting an association between invasive disease and these virulence factors. Further study is needed to understand the contribution of these genes to GBS virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Schindler
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Mayanei Hayeshua Medical Center, Bnei Brak, Israel,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galia Rahav
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Israel Nissan
- Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel,National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Treygerman
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Meuhedet Health Maintenance Organization, Lod, Israel
| | - George Prajgrod
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Meuhedet Health Maintenance Organization, Lod, Israel
| | | | - Ronit Raz
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Mayanei Hayeshua Medical Center, Bnei Brak, Israel
| | | | - Dorit Tekes-Manova
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Mayanei Hayeshua Medical Center, Bnei Brak, Israel
| | - Yasmin Maor
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Infectious Disease Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel,*Correspondence: Yasmin Maor, ,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jesus HNR, Ramos JN, Rocha DJPG, Alves DA, Silva CS, Cruz JVO, Vieira VV, Souza C, Santos LS, Navas J, Ramos RTJ, Azevedo V, Aguiar ERGR, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Pacheco LGC. The pan-genome of the emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen Corynebacterium striatum. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 23:5. [PMID: 36534203 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00932-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium striatum, a common constituent of the human skin microbiome, is now considered an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen of immunocompromised and chronically ill patients. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms in the transition from colonization to the multidrug-resistant (MDR) invasive phenotype in clinical isolates. This study performed a comprehensive pan-genomic analysis of C. striatum, including isolates from "normal skin microbiome" and from MDR infections, to gain insights into genetic factors contributing to pathogenicity and multidrug resistance in this species. For this, three novel genome sequences were obtained from clinical isolates of C. striatum of patients from Brazil, and other 24 complete or draft C. striatum genomes were retrieved from GenBank, including the ATCC6940 isolate from the Human Microbiome Project. Analysis of C. striatum strains demonstrated the presence of an open pan-genome (α = 0.852803) containing 3816 gene families, including 15 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and 32 putative virulence factors. The core and accessory genomes included 1297 and 1307 genes, respectively. The identified AMR genes are primarily associated with resistance to aminoglycosides and tetracyclines. Of these, 66.6% are present in genomic islands, and four AMR genes, including aac(6')-ib7, are located in a class 1-integron. In conclusion, our data indicated that C. striatum possesses genomic characteristics favorable to the invasive phenotype, with high genomic plasticity, a robust genetic arsenal for iron acquisition, and important virulence determinants and AMR genes present in mobile genetic elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendor N R Jesus
- Multicenter Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (PMBqBM), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Juliana N Ramos
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corinebacteria of Clinical Relevance, School of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - LDCIC/FCM/UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Danilo J P G Rocha
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Daniele A Alves
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina S Silva
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - João V O Cruz
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Verônica V Vieira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cassius Souza
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corinebacteria of Clinical Relevance, School of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - LDCIC/FCM/UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Louisy S Santos
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corinebacteria of Clinical Relevance, School of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - LDCIC/FCM/UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jesus Navas
- Cantabria University, Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Rommel T J Ramos
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil.,Biological Engineering Laboratory, Science and Technology Park Guama, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Eric R G R Aguiar
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana L Mattos-Guaraldi
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corinebacteria of Clinical Relevance, School of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - LDCIC/FCM/UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luis G C Pacheco
- Multicenter Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (PMBqBM), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil. .,Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dedysh SN, Ivanova AA, Begmatov SA, Beletsky AV, Rakitin AL, Mardanov AV, Philippov DA, Ravin NV. Acidobacteria in Fens: Phylogenetic Diversity and Genome Analysis of the Key Representatives. Microbiology (Reading) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261722601440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
21
|
Shanmugasundarasamy T, Karaiyagowder Govindarajan D, Kandaswamy K. A review on pilus assembly mechanisms in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Cell Surf 2022; 8:100077. [PMID: 35493982 PMCID: PMC9046445 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2022.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria contains long hair-like proteinaceous protrusion known as pili or fimbriae. Historically, pilin proteins were considered to play a major role in the transfer of genetic material during bacterial conjugation. Recent findings however elucidate their importance in virulence, biofilm formation, phage transduction, and motility. Therefore, it is crucial to gain mechanistic insights on the subcellular assembly of pili and the localization patterns of their subunit proteins (major and minor pilins) that aid the macromolecular pilus assembly at the bacterial surface. In this article, we review the current knowledge of pilus assembly mechanisms in a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including subcellular localization patterns of a few pilin subunit proteins and their role in virulence and pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
22
|
Boroda A, Privar Y, Maiorova M, Beleneva I, Eliseikina M, Skatova A, Marinin D, Bratskaya S. Chitosan versus Carboxymethyl Chitosan Cryogels: Bacterial Colonization, Human Embryonic Kidney 293T Cell Culturing and Co-Culturing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012276. [PMID: 36293131 PMCID: PMC9602999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) cryogels cross-linked with diglycidyl ether of 1,4-butandiol (BDDGE) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEGDGE) have been compared in terms of 3D culturing HEK-293T cell line and preventing the bacterial colonization of the scaffolds. The first attempts to apply cryogels for the 3D co-culturing of bacteria and human cells have been undertaken toward the development of new models of host-pathogen interactions and bioimplant-associated infections. Using a combination of scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and flow cytometry, we have demonstrated that CMC cryogels provided microenvironment stimulating cell-cell interactions and the growth of tightly packed multicellular spheroids, while cell-substrate interactions dominated in both chitosan cryogels, despite a significant difference in swelling capacities and Young's modulus of BDDGE- and PEGDGE-cross-linked scaffolds. Chitosan cryogels demonstrated only mild antimicrobial properties against Pseudomonas fluorescence, and could not prevent the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in DMEM media. CMC cryogels were more efficient in preventing the adhesion and colonization of both P. fluorescence and S. aureus on the surface, demonstrating antifouling properties rather than the ability to kill bacteria. The application of CMC cryogels to 3D co-culture HEK-293T spheroids with P. fluorescence revealed a higher resistance of human cells to bacterial toxins than in the 2D co-culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Boroda
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevskogo St., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Yuliya Privar
- Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Prosp.100-Letiya Vladivostoka, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Mariya Maiorova
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevskogo St., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Irina Beleneva
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevskogo St., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Marina Eliseikina
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevskogo St., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Anna Skatova
- Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Prosp.100-Letiya Vladivostoka, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Dmitry Marinin
- Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Prosp.100-Letiya Vladivostoka, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Svetlana Bratskaya
- Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Prosp.100-Letiya Vladivostoka, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Karoń K, Zabłocka-Godlewska E, Krukiewicz K. Recent advances in the design of bacteria-based supercapacitors: Current limitations and future opportunities. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
24
|
Lu Y, Cai WJ, Ren Z, Han P. The Role of Staphylococcal Biofilm on the Surface of Implants in Orthopedic Infection. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1909. [PMID: 36296183 PMCID: PMC9612000 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advanced implant sterilization and aseptic surgical techniques, implant-associated infection remains a major challenge for orthopedic surgeries. The subject of bacterial biofilms is receiving increasing attention, probably as a result of the wide acknowledgement of the ubiquity of biofilms in the clinical environment, as well as the extreme difficulty in eradicating them. Biofilm can be defined as a structured microbial community of cells that are attached to a substratum and embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that they have produced. Biofilm development has been proposed as occurring in a multi-step process: (i) attachment and adherence, (ii) accumulation/maturation due to cellular aggregation and EPS production, and (iii) biofilm detachment (also called dispersal) of bacterial cells. In all these stages, characteristic proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous compounds are expressed, and their expression is strictly controlled. Bacterial biofilm formation around implants shelters the bacteria and encourages the persistence of infection, which could lead to implant failure and osteomyelitis. These complications need to be treated by major revision surgeries and extended antibiotic therapies, which could lead to high treatment costs and even increase mortality. Effective preventive and therapeutic measures to reduce risks for implant-associated infections are thus in urgent need.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pei Han
- Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu J, Liu X, Wang Z, Zhang Q. Immunological characterization and function analysis of L-type lectin from spotted knifejaw, Oplegnathus punctatus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:993777. [PMID: 36225913 PMCID: PMC9549603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.993777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lily-type lectin (LTL) plays significant roles in innate immune response against pathogen infection. LTL in animals and plants has received widespread attention. In the present study, an LTL (OppLTL) was identified from spotted knifejaw Oplegnathus punctatus. The OppLTL encoded a typical Ca2+-dependent carbohydrate-binding protein containing a CRD domain. The qRT-PCR showed that it was mainly expressed in the gill and was significantly upregulated after Vibrio anguillarum challenge. The agglutination analysis showed that the recombinant OppLTL could bind and agglutinate Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in a Ca2+-dependent manner. However, the binding activity was different. Meanwhile, the recombinant OppLTL could hemagglutinate mammalian and teleost erythrocytes. Subcellular localization revealed that OppLTL was mainly detected in the cytoplasm of HEK293T cells. The dual-luciferase analysis revealed that OppLTL could inhibit the activity of the NF-κB signal pathway in HEK293T cells after OppLTL overexpression. These findings collectively demonstrated that OppLTL could be involved in host innate immune response and defense against bacterial infection in spotted knifejaw.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
- *Correspondence: Quanqi Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Begmatov S, Beletsky AV, Dedysh SN, Mardanov AV, Ravin NV. Genome analysis of the candidate phylum MBNT15 bacterium from a boreal peatland predicted its respiratory versatility and dissimilatory iron metabolism. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:951761. [PMID: 35992725 PMCID: PMC9386147 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.951761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncultured bacteria of the candidate phylum MBNT15, distantly related to Desulfobacterota, have been identified in a broad range of mostly organic-rich aquatic environments. We assembled a near-complete genome of a member of MBNT15 from a boreal peatland metagenome and used genomic data to analyze the metabolic pathways of this bacterium and its ecological role. This bacterium, designated SHF-111, was predicted to be rod shaped, it lacks flagellar machinery but twitching motility is encoded. Genome-based phylogenetic analysis supported the phylum-level classification of the MBNT15 lineage. Genome annotation and metabolic reconstruction revealed the presence of the Embden-Meyerhof, Entner-Doudoroff and pentose phosphate pathways, as well as the complete tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and suggested a facultatively anaerobic chemoheterotrophic lifestyle with the ability to ferment peptides, amino acids, fatty acids and simple sugars, and completely oxidize these substrates through aerobic and anaerobic respiration. The SHF-111 genome encodes multiple multiheme c-type cytochromes that probably enable dissimilatory iron reduction. Consistently, the relative abundance of MBNT15 in peatlands positively correlated with iron concentration. Apparently, in the wetland ecosystem, MBNT15 representatives play the role of scavengers, carrying out the complete mineralization of low molecular weight organic substances formed as a result of microbial degradation of complex polymeric substrates. Comparative genome analysis of the MBNT15 phylum revealed that vast majority of its members are capable of aerobic respiration and dissimilatory iron reduction and some species also can reduce sulfur and nitrogen compounds, but not sulfate. Based on phylogenetic and genomic analyses, the novel bacterium is proposed to be classified as Candidatus Deferrimicrobium borealis, within a candidate phylum Deferrimicrobiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahjahon Begmatov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Beletsky
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana N. Dedysh
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Mardanov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai V. Ravin
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Roy AS, Sharma A, Thapa BS, Pandit S, Lahiri D, Nag M, Sarkar T, Pati S, Ray RR, Shariati MA, Wilairatana P, Mubarak MS. Microbiomics for enhancing electron transfer in an electrochemical system. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:868220. [PMID: 35966693 PMCID: PMC9372394 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.868220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In microbial electrochemical systems, microorganisms catalyze chemical reactions converting chemical energy present in organic and inorganic molecules into electrical energy. The concept of microbial electrochemistry has been gaining tremendous attention for the past two decades, mainly due to its numerous applications. This technology offers a wide range of applications in areas such as the environment, industries, and sensors. The biocatalysts governing the reactions could be cell secretion, cell component, or a whole cell. The electroactive bacteria can interact with insoluble materials such as electrodes for exchanging electrons through colonization and biofilm formation. Though biofilm formation is one of the major modes for extracellular electron transfer with the electrode, there are other few mechanisms through which the process can occur. Apart from biofilm formation electron exchange can take place through flavins, cytochromes, cell surface appendages, and other metabolites. The present article targets the various mechanisms of electron exchange for microbiome-induced electron transfer activity, proteins, and secretory molecules involved in the electron transfer. This review also focuses on various proteomics and genetics strategies implemented and developed to enhance the exo-electron transfer process in electroactive bacteria. Recent progress and reports on synthetic biology and genetic engineering in exploring the direct and indirect electron transfer phenomenon have also been emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayush Singha Roy
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aparna Sharma
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Bhim Sen Thapa
- Department of Biological Sciences, WEHR Life Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Soumya Pandit
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- *Correspondence: Soumya Pandit,
| | - Dibyajit Lahiri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, WB, India
| | - Moupriya Nag
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, WB, India
| | - Tanmay Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Haringhata, WB, India
| | - Siddhartha Pati
- NatNov Bioscience Private Ltd., Balasore, India
- Association for Biodiversity Conservation and Research Balasore (ABC), Balasore, India
| | - Rina Rani Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Haringhata, WB, India
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Scientific Research, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Polrat Wilairatana,
| | - Mohammad S. Mubarak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Mohammad S. Mubarak,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Guo G, Wang Z, Li Q, Yu Y, Li Y, Tan Z, Zhang W. Genomic characterization of Streptococcus parasuis, a close relative of Streptococcus suis and also a potential opportunistic zoonotic pathogen. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:469. [PMID: 35752768 PMCID: PMC9233858 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus parasuis (S. parasuis) is a close relative of Streptococcus suis (S. suis), composed of former members of S. suis serotypes 20, 22 and 26. S. parasuis could infect pigs and cows, and recently, human infection cases have been reported, making S. parasuis a potential opportunistic zoonotic pathogen. In this study, we analysed the genomic characteristics of S. parasuis, using pan-genome analysis, and compare some phenotypic determinants such as capsular polysaccharide, integrative conjugative elements, CRISPR-Cas system and pili, and predicted the potential virulence genes by associated analysis of the clinical condition of isolated source animals and genotypes. Furthermore, to discuss the relationship with S. suis, we compared these characteristics of S. parasuis with those of S. suis. We found that the characteristics of S. parasuis are similar to those of S. suis, both of them have "open" pan-genome, their antimicrobial resistance gene profiles are similar and a srtF pilus cluster of S. suis was identified in S. parasuis genome. But S. parasuis still have its unique characteristics, two novel pilus clusters are and three different type CRISPR-Cas system were found. Therefore, this study provides novel insights into the interspecific and intraspecific genetic characteristics of S. parasuis, which can be useful for further study of this opportunistic pathogen, such as serotyping, diagnostics, vaccine development, and study of the pathogenesis mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genglin Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China.,OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing, China.,The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
| | - Zhuohao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China.,OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing, China.,The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
| | - Quan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yubao Li
- Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Zhongming Tan
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. .,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China. .,OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China. .,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing, China. .,The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yadav RK, Krishnan V. New structural insights into the
PI
‐2 pilus from
Streptococcus oralis
, an early dental plaque colonizer. FEBS J 2022; 289:6342-6366. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajnesh Kumari Yadav
- Laboratory of Structural Microbiology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology NCR Biotech Science Cluster Faridabad India
- School of Biotechnology KIIT University Odisha India
| | - Vengadesan Krishnan
- Laboratory of Structural Microbiology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology NCR Biotech Science Cluster Faridabad India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sharma S, Singh S, Chaudhary V, Mantri S, Chander A, Maurya R, Rajarammohan S, Singh RP, Rishi P, Bishnoi M, Bhadada SK, Kondepudi KK. Isomaltooligosaccharides utilization and genomic characterization of human infant anti-inflammatory Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium breve strains. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:89. [PMID: 35299989 PMCID: PMC8901852 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03141-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to understand the probiotic features, ability to utilize non-digestible carbohydrates and comparative genomics of anti-inflammatory Bifidobacterium strains isolated from human infant stool samples. Bacterial strains were isolated from the stool samples using serial dilution on MRS agar plates supplemented with 0.05% l-cysteine hydrochloride and mupirocin. Molecular characterization of the strains was carried out by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined using TNF-α and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation in Caco2 cells. Probiotic attributes were determined as per the established protocols. Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOS) utilization was determined in the broth cultures. Whole genome sequencing and analysis was carried out for three strains. Four obligate anaerobic, Gram positive Bifidobacterium strains were isolated from the infant stool samples. Strains were identified as Bifidobacterium longum Bif10, B. breve Bif11, B. longum Bif12 and B. longum Bif16. The strains were able to prevent inflammation in the Caco2 cells through lowering of IL8 production that was caused by TNF-α and LPS treatment. The strains exhibited desirable probiotic attributes such as acid and bile tolerance, mucin binding, antimicrobial activity, bile salt hydrolase activity, cholesterol lowering ability and could ferment non-digestible carbohydrates such as isomaltooligosaccharides and raffinose. Furthermore, Isomaltooligosaccharides supported the optimum growth of the strains in vitro, which was comparable to that on glucose. Strains could metabolize IMOS through cell associated α-glucosidase activity. Genomic features revealed the presence of genes responsible for the utilization of IMOS and for the probiotic attributes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03141-2.
Collapse
|
31
|
Péter B, Farkas E, Kurunczi S, Szittner Z, Bősze S, Ramsden JJ, Szekacs I, Horvath R. Review of Label-Free Monitoring of Bacteria: From Challenging Practical Applications to Basic Research Perspectives. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12040188. [PMID: 35448248 PMCID: PMC9026780 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Novel biosensors already provide a fast way to detect the adhesion of whole bacteria (or parts of them), biofilm formation, and the effect of antibiotics. Moreover, the detection sensitivities of recent sensor technologies are large enough to investigate molecular-scale biological processes. Usually, these measurements can be performed in real time without using labeling. Despite these excellent capabilities summarized in the present work, the application of novel, label-free sensor technologies in basic biological research is still rare; the literature is dominated by heuristic work, mostly monitoring the presence and amount of a given analyte. The aims of this review are (i) to give an overview of the present status of label-free biosensors in bacteria monitoring, and (ii) to summarize potential novel directions with biological relevancies to initiate future development. Optical, mechanical, and electrical sensing technologies are all discussed with their detailed capabilities in bacteria monitoring. In order to review potential future applications of the outlined techniques in bacteria research, we summarize the most important kinetic processes relevant to the adhesion and survival of bacterial cells. These processes are potential targets of kinetic investigations employing modern label-free technologies in order to reveal new fundamental aspects. Resistance to antibacterials and to other antimicrobial agents, the most important biological mechanisms in bacterial adhesion and strategies to control adhesion, as well as bacteria-mammalian host cell interactions are all discussed with key relevancies to the future development and applications of biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Péter
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.K.); (Z.S.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (R.H.)
| | - Eniko Farkas
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.K.); (Z.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Sandor Kurunczi
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.K.); (Z.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Zoltán Szittner
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.K.); (Z.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1120 Budapest, Hungary;
- National Public Health Center, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jeremy J. Ramsden
- Clore Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research, University of Buckingham, Buckingham MK18 1AD, UK;
| | - Inna Szekacs
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.K.); (Z.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Robert Horvath
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.K.); (Z.S.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (R.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Aziz G, Zaidi A, Tariq M. Compositional Quality and Possible Gastrointestinal Performance of Marketed Probiotic Supplements. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:288-312. [PMID: 35199309 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The local pharmacies and shops are brimming with various probiotic products that herald a range of health benefits. The poor quality of probiotic products in both dosage and species is symptomatic of this multi-billion-dollar market making it difficult for consumers to single out reliable ones. This study aims to fill the potential gap in the labeling accuracy of probiotic products intended for human consumption. We describe a combinatorial approach using classical culture-dependent technique to quantify and molecular techniques (16 s rRNA gene sequencing, multilocus sequence, and ribotyping) for strain recognition of the microbial contents. The full gamut of probiotic characteristics including acid, bile and lysozyme tolerances, adhesiveness, anti-pathogenicity, and degree of safeness were performed. Their capacity to endure gastro-intestinal (GIT) stresses and select drugs was assessed in vitro. Our results forced us to declare that the local probiotic market is essentially unregulated. Almost none of the probiotic products tested met the label claim. Some (11%) have no viable cells, and a quarter (27%) showing significant inter-batch variation. A lower microbial count was typical with undesirables constituting a quarter of the total (~ 27%). Half of the products contained antibiotic-resistant strains; the unregulated use of these probiotics carries the risk of spreading antibiotic resistance to gut pathobionts. Poor tolerance to gut conditions and mediocre functionalism make the case worse. The current regulatory systems do not take this discrepancy into account. We recommend an evidence-based regular market surveillance of marketed probiotics to ensure the authenticity of the claims and product effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Aziz
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C)-PIEAS, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, ICT, Pakistan
| | - Arsalan Zaidi
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C)-PIEAS, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, ICT, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C)-PIEAS, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, ICT, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Canário Viana MV, Profeta R, Cerqueira JC, Wattam AR, Barh D, Silva A, Azevedo V. Evidence of episodic positive selection in Corynebacterium diphtheriae complex of species and its implementations in identification of drug and vaccine targets. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12662. [PMID: 35190783 PMCID: PMC8857904 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within the pathogenic bacterial species Corynebacterium genus, six species that can produce diphtheria toxin (C. belfantii, C. diphtheriae, C. pseudotuberculosis, C. rouxii, C. silvaticum and C. ulcerans) form a clade referred to as the C. diphtheria complex. These species have been found in humans and other animals, causing diphtheria or other diseases. Here we show the results of a genome scale analysis to identify positive selection in protein-coding genes that may have resulted in the adaptations of these species to their ecological niches and suggest drug and vaccine targets. METHODS Forty genomes were sampled to represent species, subspecies or biovars of Corynebacterium. Ten phylogenetic groups were tested for positive selection using the PosiGene pipeline, including species and biovars from the C. diphtheria complex. The detected genes were tested for recombination and had their sequences alignments and homology manually examined. The final genes were investigated for their function and a probable role as vaccine or drug targets. RESULTS Nineteen genes were detected in the species C. diphtheriae (two), C. pseudotuberculosis (10), C. rouxii (one), and C. ulcerans (six). Those were found to be involved in defense, translation, energy production, and transport and in the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleotides, and coenzymes. Fourteen were identified as essential genes, and six as virulence factors. Thirteen from the 19 genes were identified as potential drug targets and four as potential vaccine candidates. These genes could be important in the prevention and treatment of the diseases caused by these bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vinicius Canário Viana
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil,Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Profeta
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Janaína Canário Cerqueira
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alice Rebecca Wattam
- Biocomplexity Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil,Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology, Nonakuri, West Bengal, India
| | - Artur Silva
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Marzhoseyni Z, Shojaie L, Tabatabaei SA, Movahedpour A, Safari M, Esmaeili D, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Jalili A, Morshedi K, Khan H, Okhravi R, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Streptococcal bacterial components in cancer therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:141-155. [PMID: 33753868 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The incidence rate of cancer is steadily increasing all around the world, and there is an urgent need to develop novel and more effective treatment strategies. Recently, bacterial therapy has been investigated as a new approach to target cancer, and is becoming a serious option. Streptococcus strains are among the most common and well-studied virulent bacteria that cause a variety of human infections. Everyone has experienced a sore throat during their lifetime, or has been asymptomatically colonized by streptococci. The ability of Streptococcus bacteria to fight cancer was discovered more than 100 years ago, and over the years has undergone clinical trials, but the mechanism is not yet completely understood. Recently, several animal models and human clinical trials have been reported. Streptococcal strains can have an intrinsic anti-tumor activity, or can activate the host immune system to fight the tumor. Bacteria can selectively accumulate and proliferate in the hypoxic regions of solid tumors. Moreover, the bacteria can be genetically engineered to secrete toxins or enzymes that can specifically attack the tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Marzhoseyni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Layla Shojaie
- Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seyed Alireza Tabatabaei
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmood Safari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Davoud Esmaeili
- Department of Microbiology and Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute and Department of Microbiology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Jalili
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Korosh Morshedi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Ranaa Okhravi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chaudhari NM, Overholt WA, Figueroa-Gonzalez PA, Taubert M, Bornemann TLV, Probst AJ, Hölzer M, Marz M, Küsel K. The economical lifestyle of CPR bacteria in groundwater allows little preference for environmental drivers. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2021; 16:24. [PMID: 34906246 PMCID: PMC8672522 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-021-00395-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The highly diverse Cand. Patescibacteria are predicted to have minimal biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, which hinders understanding of how their populations differentiate in response to environmental drivers or host organisms. Their mechanisms employed to cope with oxidative stress are largely unknown. Here, we utilized genome-resolved metagenomics to investigate the adaptive genome repertoire of Patescibacteria in oxic and anoxic groundwaters, and to infer putative host ranges. RESULTS Within six groundwater wells, Cand. Patescibacteria was the most dominant (up to 79%) super-phylum across 32 metagenomes sequenced from DNA retained on 0.2 and 0.1 µm filters after sequential filtration. Of the reconstructed 1275 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), 291 high-quality MAGs were classified as Cand. Patescibacteria. Cand. Paceibacteria and Cand. Microgenomates were enriched exclusively in the 0.1 µm fractions, whereas candidate division ABY1 and Cand. Gracilibacteria were enriched in the 0.2 µm fractions. On average, Patescibacteria enriched in the smaller 0.1 µm filter fractions had 22% smaller genomes, 13.4% lower replication measures, higher proportion of rod-shape determining proteins, and of genomic features suggesting type IV pili mediated cell-cell attachments. Near-surface wells harbored Patescibacteria with higher replication rates than anoxic downstream wells characterized by longer water residence time. Except prevalence of superoxide dismutase genes in Patescibacteria MAGs enriched in oxic groundwaters (83%), no major metabolic or phylogenetic differences were observed. The most abundant Patescibacteria MAG in oxic groundwater encoded a nitrate transporter, nitrite reductase, and F-type ATPase, suggesting an alternative energy conservation mechanism. Patescibacteria consistently co-occurred with one another or with members of phyla Nanoarchaeota, Bacteroidota, Nitrospirota, and Omnitrophota. Among the MAGs enriched in 0.2 µm fractions,, only 8% Patescibacteria showed highly significant one-to-one correlation, mostly with Omnitrophota. Motility and transport related genes in certain Patescibacteria were highly similar to genes from other phyla (Omnitrophota, Proteobacteria and Nanoarchaeota). CONCLUSION Other than genes to cope with oxidative stress, we found little genomic evidence for niche adaptation of Patescibacteria to oxic or anoxic groundwaters. Given that we could detect specific host preference only for a few MAGs, we speculate that the majority of Patescibacteria is able to attach multiple hosts just long enough to loot or exchange supplies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narendrakumar M. Chaudhari
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Will A. Overholt
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Perla Abigail Figueroa-Gonzalez
- Department for Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Group for Aquatic Microbial Ecology (GAME), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Taubert
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Till L. V. Bornemann
- Department for Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Group for Aquatic Microbial Ecology (GAME), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander J. Probst
- Department for Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Group for Aquatic Microbial Ecology (GAME), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Hölzer
- RNA Bioinformatics and High Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Present Address: Methodology and Research Infrastructure, MF1 Bioinformatics, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manja Marz
- RNA Bioinformatics and High Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- FLI Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Jena, Germany
| | - Kirsten Küsel
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ashrafudoulla M, Na KW, Hossain MI, Mizan MFR, Nahar S, Toushik SH, Roy PK, Park SH, Ha SD. Molecular and pathogenic characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from seafood. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112927. [PMID: 34526263 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gastroenteritis infections in humans are mainly associated with consumption of Vibrio parahaemolyticus contaminated shellfish, which causes health and economic loss. Virulence factor production, antibiotic resistance profile, and biofilm-forming capacity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates on food and food contact surfaces at 30 °C were investigated to evaluate the antibiotic sensitivity and pathogenic level. Strains of V. parahaemolyticus were isolated from shellfish (e.g., Crassostrea gigas, Venerupis philippinarum, Mytilus coruscus, Anadara kagoshimensis) in Korea. When examined for 17 virulence factor-encoding genes, 53.3, 73.1, 87.1, 87.9, and 90.9% of the isolates were positive for genes encoding TDH, T6SS, T3SS1, T3SS2, and Type I pilus, respectively. All isolates showed resistance to vancomycin, tetracyclines, penicillin, nalidixic acid, and doxycycline, among 26 antibiotics tested, with most isolates resistant to kanamycin (93.5%), ampicillin (96.8%), clindamycin (96.8%), tobramycin (88.7%), amikacin (83.97%), and minocycline (80.7%). Biofilm formation, cell-cell attachment, and motility were high in most isolates. These findings may assist in monitoring the epidemics of the pathogen. Continuous monitoring could help to decrease V. parahaemolyticus infections and improve seafood safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashrafudoulla
- Food Science and Technology Department, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Na
- Food Science and Technology Department, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Iqbal Hossain
- Food Science and Technology Department, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Shamsun Nahar
- Food Science and Technology Department, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Pantu Kumar Roy
- Food Science and Technology Department, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hong Park
- Food Science and Technology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Food Science and Technology Department, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Takahashi C, Sato M, Sato C. Biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis imaged using atmospheric scanning electron microscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:7549-7558. [PMID: 34671824 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis are gram-positive bacteria that form a biofilm around implanted devices and develop an infection into a chronic state. Recently, it has been revealed that microvesicles have important roles in biofilm formation and intercellular communication among bacteria. However, biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis, and its relation to microvesicle secretion, is poorly understood because of the difficulty required to preserve the delicate water-rich morphology of biofilm for high-resolution observations. Here, we successfully imaged the microvesicles secreted from Staphylococcus epidermidis and the subsequent process of their integration into biofilm using liquid-phase imaging using atmospheric scanning electron microscopy (ASEM). In the biofilm, cells were connected by nanotube-like structures attached by microvesicles, and surrounded by extracellular polymeric substances. Cells cultured in the ASEM specimen holder were aldehyde-fixed and stained using positively charged nanogold labelling and/or using National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research method. The samples immersed in aqueous radical scavenger glucose buffer were imaged by the inverted SEM of ASEM. Information regarding the morphologies of microvesicles, nanotube-like fibrils, and biofilm formed by Staphylococcus epidermidis is expected to be useful to elucidate the biological mechanism of biofilm formation and to develop a medicine against biofilms and their associated infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Takahashi
- Department of Materials and Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2266-98, Anagahora, Shimoshidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 463-8560, Japan.
| | - Mari Sato
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Chikara Sato
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gerasimov VN, Kharseeva GG, Sherbataya OS, Kotov SA, Chepusova AV. Peculiarities of the ultrastructure of mixed biofilms of the causing agent of diphtheria and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms isolated from the human respiratory tract. Klin Lab Diagn 2021; 66:623-628. [PMID: 34665949 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-10-623-628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the post-epidemic period, the circulation of the causative agent of diphtheria in the population is maintained due to the carrier of bacteria. Entering an organism with a high level of antitoxic immunity, the pathogen enters into intermicrobial interactions with representatives of the opportunistic microflora inhabiting the respiratory tract and forms a biofilm. MATERIALS AND METHODS Modeling of the biofilm formation process was carried out using the strains C.diphtheriae gravis tox+№. 665, C.pseudodiphtheriticum, S.aureus. Biofilm samples were placed on the stage of a scanning electron microscope and gold-sputtered in an EicoIB-3 ioncoater vacuum deposition unit (Eico, Japan) at an ion current of 6-8 mA. The samples obtained were examined in a JEOL 6510LB scanning electronmicroscope. («JEOL» company, Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 30 kV. RESULTS Electron microscopic examination of samples of biofilms C. diphtheriae gravis tox+ № 665 and opportunistic microorganisms shows groups of 2-7 young bacterial cells packed into a single microcapsule. Much more voluminous accumulations of bacterial cells (more than 10-12) are typical for biofilm samples represented by C. diphtheriae gravis tox+№ 665 and S. aureus cells. On the surface of the biofilm, young bacterial cells with an intact structure are located at various stages of active division. The conglomerates of bacterial cells, covered with a common intermicrobial matrix, adhere tightly to each other and form a multilayer biofilm. CONCLUSION Features of the ultrastructure of biofilms containing strains of C. diphtheriae and opportunistic bacteria, especially antibiotic-resistant bacteria inhabiting the respiratory tract, can contribute to long-term persistence of the pathogen of diphtheria in the body. They not only significantly complicate the access of antibacterial drugs, but also interfere with the isolation of C.diphtheriae during bacteriological research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V N Gerasimov
- Federal Budgetary Institution of Science State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
| | - Galina Georgievna Kharseeva
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Rostov State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - O S Sherbataya
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Rostov State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - S A Kotov
- Federal Budgetary Institution of Science State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
| | - A V Chepusova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Rostov State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Silva MTDO, de Pinho RB, Bezerra FSB, Scholl NR, Moron LD, Alves MSD, Woloski RDS, Kremer FS, Borsuk S. In silico analyses and design of a chimeric protein containing epitopes of SpaC, PknG, NanH, and SodC proteins for the control of caseous lymphadenitis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8277-8286. [PMID: 34622335 PMCID: PMC8497191 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11619-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is an infectious disease that affects goats and sheep causing drastic impacts on milk and meat production and is caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. The disease can be prevented through vaccination but currently, vaccines demonstrate limited efficacy consequently leading to a need for the development of new ones. Here, we described the in silico development of a new chimeric protein constructed with epitopes identified from the sequences of the genes nanH, pknG, spaC, and sodC, previously described as potential vaccinal targets against C. pseudotuberculosis. The chimera was expressed, purified, and its immunogenicity was evaluated using sera of immunized mice. Results indicate the chimeric protein was able to stimulate antibody production. Additionally, analysis using serum from naturally infected goats showed that the protein is recognized by sera from these animals, indicating the possibility for using this chimera in new diagnostic methods. Key points • The chimera was expressed with 52 kDa and a yield of 7 mg/L after purification. • The chimera was recognized by the sera of animals immunized with this formulation. • Chimera reacted with the serum of goats naturally infected with C. pseudotuberculosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-021-11619-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara Thais de Oliveira Silva
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-Parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Universitário s/n, Prédio 19, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Barros de Pinho
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-Parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Universitário s/n, Prédio 19, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | | | - Nicole Ramos Scholl
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-Parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Universitário s/n, Prédio 19, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Luiza Domingues Moron
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-Parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Universitário s/n, Prédio 19, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Mirna Samara Dié Alves
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-Parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Universitário s/n, Prédio 19, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dos Santos Woloski
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Proteômica, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Frederico Schmitt Kremer
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Proteômica, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Sibele Borsuk
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-Parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Universitário s/n, Prédio 19, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sapra R, Rajora AK, Kumar P, Maurya GP, Pant N, Haridas V. Chemical Biology of Sortase A Inhibition: A Gateway to Anti-infective Therapeutic Agents. J Med Chem 2021; 64:13097-13130. [PMID: 34516107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. The enzyme sortase A, present on the cell surface of S. aureus, plays a key role in bacterial virulence without affecting the bacterial viability. Inhibition of sortase A activity offers a powerful but clinically less explored therapeutic strategy, as it offers the possibility of not inducing any selective pressure on the bacteria to evolve drug-resistant strains. In this Perspective, we offer a chemical space narrative for the design of sortase A inhibitors, as delineated into three broad domains: peptidomimetics, natural products, and synthetic small molecules. This provides immense opportunities for medicinal chemists to alleviate the ever-growing crisis of antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Sapra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Amit K Rajora
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Pushpendra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Govind P Maurya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Nalin Pant
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - V Haridas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kumari P, Bowmik S, Paul SK, Biswas B, Banerjee SK, Murty US, Ravichandiran V, Mohan U. Sortase A: A chemoenzymatic approach for the labeling of cell surfaces. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4577-4589. [PMID: 34491580 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sortase A, a transpeptidase enzyme is present in many Gram-positive bacteria and helps in the recruitment of the cell surface proteins. Over the last two decades, Sortase A has become an attractive tool for performing in vivo and in vitro ligations. Sortase A-mediated ligation has continuously been used for its specificity, robustness, and highly efficient nature. These properties make it a popular choice among protein engineers as well as researchers from different fields. In this review, we give an overview of Sortase A-mediated ligation of various molecules on the cell surfaces, which can have diverse applications in interdisciplinary fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sujoy Bowmik
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sudipto Kumar Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Bidisha Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sanjay K Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | - Velayutham Ravichandiran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Utpal Mohan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pradhan B, Liedtke J, Sleutel M, Lindbäck T, Zegeye ED, O´Sullivan K, Llarena A, Brynildsrud O, Aspholm M, Remaut H. Endospore Appendages: a novel pilus superfamily from the endospores of pathogenic Bacilli. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106887. [PMID: 34031903 PMCID: PMC8408608 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus sensu lato is a group of Gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria with high ecological diversity. Their endospores are decorated with micrometer-long appendages of unknown identity and function. Here, we isolate endospore appendages (Enas) from the food poisoning outbreak strain B. cereus NVH 0075-95 and find proteinaceous fibers of two main morphologies: S- and L-Ena. By using cryoEM and 3D helical reconstruction of S-Enas, we show these to represent a novel class of Gram-positive pili. S-Enas consist of single domain subunits with jellyroll topology that are laterally stacked by β-sheet augmentation. S-Enas are longitudinally stabilized by disulfide bonding through N-terminal connector peptides that bridge the helical turns. Together, this results in flexible pili that are highly resistant to heat, drought, and chemical damage. Phylogenomic analysis reveals a ubiquitous presence of the ena-gene cluster in the B. cereus group, which include species of clinical, environmental, and food importance. We propose Enas to represent a new class of pili specifically adapted to the harsh conditions encountered by bacterial spores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brajabandhu Pradhan
- Structural and Molecular MicrobiologyVIB‐VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIBBrusselsBelgium
- Department of Bioengineering SciencesStructural Biology BrusselsVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Janine Liedtke
- Department of Paraclinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineThe Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Mike Sleutel
- Structural and Molecular MicrobiologyVIB‐VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIBBrusselsBelgium
- Department of Bioengineering SciencesStructural Biology BrusselsVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Toril Lindbäck
- Department of Paraclinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineThe Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Ephrem Debebe Zegeye
- Department of Paraclinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineThe Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Kristin O´Sullivan
- Department of Paraclinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineThe Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Ann‐Katrin Llarena
- Department of Paraclinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineThe Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Ola Brynildsrud
- Department of Paraclinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineThe Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental HealthNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | - Marina Aspholm
- Department of Paraclinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineThe Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Han Remaut
- Structural and Molecular MicrobiologyVIB‐VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIBBrusselsBelgium
- Department of Bioengineering SciencesStructural Biology BrusselsVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mangutov EO, Kharseeva GG, Alutina EL. Corynebacterium spp. - problematic pathogens of the human respiratory tract (review of literature). Klin Lab Diagn 2021; 66:502-508. [PMID: 34388322 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-8-502-508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium spp. - representatives of the normal microflora of the human body, but their role in the development of diseases in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients is known. Corynebacterim spp. (C. pseudodiphtheriticum, C. striatum, C. amycolatum, C. accolens, C. argentoratense, etc.) is associated with diseases of the respiratory tract: tracheitis, pharyngitis, rhinosinusitis, bronchitis, etc. They can be transmitted by airborne droplets, household contact, and possibly by hematogenic pathways. Corynebacterim spp. toxins do not produce, but are capable of adhesion and invasion, biofilm formation, production of neuraminidase, hyaluronidase, and hemolysin. It is necessary to take into account not so much the species, but the strain affiliation of isolates of Corynebacterium spp., since among the representatives of one species of non-diphtheria corynebacteria (for example, C. pseudodiphtheriticum), colonizing the respiratory tract, there may be strains that can exhibit not only pathogenic properties, but also probiotic activity. Microbiological diagnostics is based on their quantitative determination in biological material, phenotypic (culture study, test systems for biochemical identification, Vitek 2 automated systems) and genotypic (16SpRNA gene sequencing and rpoB) methods. It is possible to use mass spectrometric analysis (MALDI-ToF-MS). The greatest activity against Corynebacterium spp. in vitro studies preserve vancomycin, teicoplanin, and linezolid. Successful therapy with at least two of the following antimicrobial agents (AMP) has been reported: vancomycin, rifampicin, linezolid, and daptomycin. The sensitivity of isolates of Corynebacterium spp. to AMP is not related to the species, but is due to strain differences, and therefore it is necessary to test each isolated strain. Continuous monitoring of the sensitivity of Corynebacterium spp. strains to AMP is necessary due to the observed variability of these traits. Of particular importance is the identification of multidrug-resistant isolates that are currently considered highly pathogenic. When compiling the review, the databases Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CyberLeninka, RSCI were used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E O Mangutov
- Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education «Rostov State Medical University» Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - Galina Georgievna Kharseeva
- Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education «Rostov State Medical University» Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - E L Alutina
- Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education «Rostov State Medical University» Ministry of Health of Russia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Alegre-Cebollada J. Protein nanomechanics in biological context. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:435-454. [PMID: 34466164 PMCID: PMC8355295 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
How proteins respond to pulling forces, or protein nanomechanics, is a key contributor to the form and function of biological systems. Indeed, the conventional view that proteins are able to diffuse in solution does not apply to the many polypeptides that are anchored to rigid supramolecular structures. These tethered proteins typically have important mechanical roles that enable cells to generate, sense, and transduce mechanical forces. To fully comprehend the interplay between mechanical forces and biology, we must understand how protein nanomechanics emerge in living matter. This endeavor is definitely challenging and only recently has it started to appear tractable. Here, I introduce the main in vitro single-molecule biophysics methods that have been instrumental to investigate protein nanomechanics over the last 2 decades. Then, I present the contemporary view on how mechanical force shapes the free energy of tethered proteins, as well as the effect of biological factors such as post-translational modifications and mutations. To illustrate the contribution of protein nanomechanics to biological function, I review current knowledge on the mechanobiology of selected muscle and cell adhesion proteins including titin, talin, and bacterial pilins. Finally, I discuss emerging methods to modulate protein nanomechanics in living matter, for instance by inducing specific mechanical loss-of-function (mLOF). By interrogating biological systems in a causative manner, these new tools can contribute to further place protein nanomechanics in a biological context.
Collapse
|
45
|
Prajapati A, Palva A, von Ossowski I, Krishnan V. LrpCBA pilus proteins of gut-dwelling Ligilactobacillus ruminis: crystallization and X-ray diffraction analysis. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2021; 77:238-245. [PMID: 34341189 PMCID: PMC8329715 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x21007263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion to host surfaces for bacterial survival and colonization involves a variety of molecular mechanisms. Ligilactobacillus ruminis, a strict anaerobe and gut autochthonous (indigenous) commensal, relies on sortase-dependent pili (LrpCBA) for adherence to the intestinal inner walls, thereby withstanding luminal content flow. Here, the LrpCBA pilus is a promiscuous binder to gut collagen, fibronectin and epithelial cells. Structurally, the LrpCBA pilus displays a representative hetero-oligomeric arrangement and consists of three types of pilin subunit, each with its own location and function, i.e. tip LrpC for adhesion, basal LrpB for anchoring and backbone LrpA for length. To provide further structural insights into the assembly, anchoring and functional mechanisms of sortase-dependent pili, each of the L. ruminis pilus proteins was produced recombinantly for crystallization and X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystals of LrpC, LrpB, LrpA and truncated LrpA generated by limited proteolysis were obtained and diffracted to resolutions of 3.0, 1.5, 2.2 and 1.4 Å, respectively. Anomalous data were also collected from crystals of selenomethionine-substituted LrpC and an iodide derivative of truncated LrpA. Successful strategies for protein production, crystallization and derivatization are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amar Prajapati
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121 001, India
| | - Airi Palva
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Vengadesan Krishnan
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121 001, India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Exploiting pilus-mediated bacteria-host interactions for health benefits. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 81:100998. [PMID: 34294411 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Surface pili (or fimbriae) are an important but conspicuous adaptation of several genera and species of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. These long and non-flagellar multi-subunit adhesins mediate the initial contact that a bacterium has with a host or environment, and thus have come to be regarded as a key colonization factor for virulence activity in pathogens or niche adaptation in commensals. Pili in pathogenic bacteria are well recognized for their roles in the adhesion to host cells, colonization of tissues, and establishment of infection. As an 'anti-adhesive' ploy, targeting pilus-mediated attachment for disruption has become a potentially effective alternative to using antibiotics. In this review, we give a description of the several structurally distinct bacterial pilus types thus far characterized, and as well offer details about the intricacy of their individual structure, assembly, and function. With a molecular understanding of pilus biogenesis and pilus-mediated host interactions also provided, we go on to describe some of the emerging new approaches and compounds that have been recently developed to prevent the adhesion, colonization, and infection of piliated bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
|
47
|
Ashrafudoulla M, Rahaman Mizan MF, Park SH, Ha SD. Antibiofilm activity of carvacrol against Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm on MBEC™ biofilm device and polypropylene surface. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
48
|
Susmitha A, Bajaj H, Madhavan Nampoothiri K. The divergent roles of sortase in the biology of Gram-positive bacteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:100055. [PMID: 34195501 PMCID: PMC8225981 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2021.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial cell wall contains numerous surface-exposed proteins, which are covalently anchored and assembled by a sortase family of transpeptidase enzymes. The sortase are cysteine transpeptidases that catalyzes the covalent attachment of surface protein to the cell wall peptidoglycan. Among the reported six classes of sortases, each distinct class of sortase plays a unique biological role in anchoring a variety of surface proteins to the peptidoglycan of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria. Sortases not only exhibit virulence and pathogenesis properties to host cells, but also possess a significant role in gut retention and immunomodulation in probiotic microbes. The two main distinct functions are to attach proteins directly to the cell wall or assemble pili on the microbial surface. This review provides a compendium of the distribution of different classes of sortases present in both pathogenic and non-pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria and also the noteworthy role played by them in bacterial cell wall assembly which enables each microbe to effectively interact with its environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliyath Susmitha
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Harsha Bajaj
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Kesavan Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Phylogenomic Characterization of a Novel Corynebacterium Species Associated with Fatal Diphtheritic Stomatitis in Endangered Yellow-Eyed Penguins. mSystems 2021; 6:e0032021. [PMID: 34100641 PMCID: PMC8269222 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00320-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow-eyed penguins, Megadyptes antipodes, are an endangered species that are endemic to New Zealand. Outbreaks of diphtheritic stomatitis have caused significant mortality for this species, especially among young chicks. In this study, we isolated 16 Corynebacterium sp. isolates from the oral cavities of 2- to 14-day-old chicks at a range of infection stages and sequenced the genomes to understand their virulence mechanisms. Phylogenomic and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) characterization indicate that these strains belong to a novel Corynebacterium species. A simple multiplex PCR-based diagnostic assay has been developed to identify these strains rapidly and reliably. Similar to other corynebacteria, genomic islands and prophages introduced significant diversity among these strains that has potentially led to minor functional variations between the two lineages. Despite the presence of multiple corynebacterial virulence genes and a spaDEF-type pilus gene cluster among these strains, the survival rate was much higher in Galleria mellonella larvae than in those inoculated with Corynebacterium ulcerans NZRM 818 and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis NZRM 3004. Therefore, these strains are opportunistic pathogens causing high mortality among young penguin chicks due to a less-developed immune system. IMPORTANCE Yellow-eyed penguins, Megadyptes antipodes, are endangered species with a sharp decline in the numbers of breeding pairs over the last 2 decades. Diphtheritic stomatitis, characterized by a thick fibrinopurulent exudate in the oral cavities and symptoms, including inanition and significant weight loss, is responsible for significant mortality among the young chicks. These chicks are treated with antibiotics, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid or enrofloxacin, but do not always recover from the infection. The pathogen causing these infections and the mechanism of pathogenesis are unclear. This study has identified a novel Corynebacterium species to be associated with diphtheritic stomatitis in yellow-eyed penguins with potential virulence genes that are likely involved in pathogenesis. Importantly, a gene encoding an exotoxin, phospholipase D, is present among these strains. The inactivated form of this enzyme could potentially be used as an effective vaccine to protect these penguins from infection.
Collapse
|
50
|
Roy PK, Ha AJW, Mizan MFR, Hossain MI, Ashrafudoulla M, Toushik SH, Nahar S, Kim YK, Ha SD. Effects of environmental conditions (temperature, pH, and glucose) on biofilm formation of Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky and virulence gene expression. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101209. [PMID: 34089933 PMCID: PMC8182266 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a foodborne pathogen and an emerging zoonotic bacterial threat in the food industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biofilm formation by a cocktail culture of 3 wild isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky on plastic (PLA), silicon rubber (SR), and chicken skin surfaces under various temperatures (4, 10, 25, 37, and 42°C) and pH values (4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0). Then, at the optimum temperature and pH, the effects of supplementation with glucose (0, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.4% w/v) on biofilm formation were assessed on each of the surfaces. The results indicated that higher temperatures (25 to 42°C) and pH values (7.0 and 8.0) led to more robust biofilm formation than lower temperatures (4 and 10°C) and lower pH levels (4.0 to 6.0). Moreover, biofilm formation was induced by 0.025% glucose during incubation at the optimum temperature (37°C) and pH (7.0) but inhibited by 0.4% glucose. Consistent with this finding, virulence related gene (rpoS, rpoH, hilA, and avrA) expression was increased at 0.025% glucose and significantly reduced at 0.4% glucose. This results also confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscope, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and autoinducer-2 determination. This study concluded that optimum environmental conditions (temperature 37°C, pH 7.0, and 0.25% glucose) exhibited strong biofilm formation on food and food contract surfaces as well as increased the virulence gene expression levels, indicating that these environmental conditions might be threating conditions for food safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pantu Kumar Roy
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Angela Ji-Won Ha
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Furkanur Rahaman Mizan
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Iqbal Hossain
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Ashrafudoulla
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sazzad Hossen Toushik
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Shamsun Nahar
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyung Kim
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|