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Elzinga J, Narimatsu Y, de Haan N, Clausen H, de Vos WM, Tytgat HLP. Binding of Akkermansia muciniphila to mucin is O-glycan specific. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4582. [PMID: 38811534 PMCID: PMC11137150 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal anaerobic bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila is specialized in the degradation of mucins, which are heavily O-glycosylated proteins that constitute the major components of the mucus lining the intestine. Despite that adhesion to mucins is considered critical for the persistence of A. muciniphila in the human intestinal tract, our knowledge of how this intestinal symbiont recognizes and binds to mucins is still limited. Here, we first show that the mucin-binding properties of A. muciniphila are independent of environmental oxygen concentrations and not abolished by pasteurization. We then dissected the mucin-binding properties of pasteurized A. muciniphila by use of a recently developed cell-based mucin array that enables display of the tandem repeats of human mucins with distinct O-glycan patterns and structures. We found that A. muciniphila recognizes the unsialylated LacNAc (Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-R) disaccharide selectively on core2 and core3 O-glycans. This disaccharide epitope is abundantly found on human colonic mucins capped by sialic acids, and we demonstrated that endogenous A. muciniphila neuraminidase activity can uncover the epitope and promote binding. In summary, our study provides insights into the mucin-binding properties important for colonization of a key mucin-foraging bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Elzinga
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- GlycoDisplay ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanne L P Tytgat
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Majumder A, Bano S. How the Western Diet Thwarts the Epigenetic Efforts of Gut Microbes in Ulcerative Colitis and Its Association with Colorectal Cancer. Biomolecules 2024; 14:633. [PMID: 38927037 PMCID: PMC11201633 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the colon, leading to ulcer development, loss of colon function, and bloody diarrhea. The human gut ecosystem consists of almost 2000 different species of bacteria, forming a bioreactor fueled by dietary micronutrients to produce bioreactive compounds, which are absorbed by our body and signal to distant organs. Studies have shown that the Western diet, with fewer short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), can alter the gut microbiome composition and cause the host's epigenetic reprogramming. Additionally, overproduction of H2S from the gut microbiome due to changes in diet patterns can further activate pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in UC. This review discusses how the Western diet affects the microbiome's function and alters the host's physiological homeostasis and susceptibility to UC. This article also covers the epidemiology, prognosis, pathophysiology, and current treatment strategies for UC, and how they are linked to colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Majumder
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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3
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Lin Q, Lin S, Fan Z, Liu J, Ye D, Guo P. A Review of the Mechanisms of Bacterial Colonization of the Mammal Gut. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1026. [PMID: 38792855 PMCID: PMC11124445 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A healthy animal intestine hosts a diverse population of bacteria in a symbiotic relationship. These bacteria utilize nutrients in the host's intestinal environment for growth and reproduction. In return, they assist the host in digesting and metabolizing nutrients, fortifying the intestinal barrier, defending against potential pathogens, and maintaining gut health. Bacterial colonization is a crucial aspect of this interaction between bacteria and the intestine and involves the attachment of bacteria to intestinal mucus or epithelial cells through nonspecific or specific interactions. This process primarily relies on adhesins. The binding of bacterial adhesins to host receptors is a prerequisite for the long-term colonization of bacteria and serves as the foundation for the pathogenicity of pathogenic bacteria. Intervening in the adhesion and colonization of bacteria in animal intestines may offer an effective approach to treating gastrointestinal diseases and preventing pathogenic infections. Therefore, this paper reviews the situation and mechanisms of bacterial colonization, the colonization characteristics of various bacteria, and the factors influencing bacterial colonization. The aim of this study was to serve as a reference for further research on bacteria-gut interactions and improving animal gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjie Lin
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.L.); (S.L.); (Z.F.)
| | - Shiying Lin
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.L.); (S.L.); (Z.F.)
| | - Zitao Fan
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.L.); (S.L.); (Z.F.)
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China;
| | - Dingcheng Ye
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China;
| | - Pingting Guo
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.L.); (S.L.); (Z.F.)
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Singh A, Luallen RJ. Understanding the factors regulating host-microbiome interactions using Caenorhabditis elegans. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230059. [PMID: 38497260 PMCID: PMC10945399 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The Human Microbiome Project was a research programme that successfully identified associations between microbial species and healthy or diseased individuals. However, a major challenge identified was the absence of model systems for studying host-microbiome interactions, which would increase our capacity to uncover molecular interactions, understand organ-specificity and discover new microbiome-altering health interventions. Caenorhabditis elegans has been a pioneering model organism for over 70 years but was largely studied in the absence of a microbiome. Recently, ecological sampling of wild nematodes has uncovered a large amount of natural genetic diversity as well as a slew of associated microbiota. The field has now explored the interactions of C. elegans with its associated gut microbiome, a defined and non-random microbial community, highlighting its suitability for dissecting host-microbiome interactions. This core microbiome is being used to study the impact of host genetics, age and stressors on microbiome composition. Furthermore, single microbiome species are being used to dissect molecular interactions between microbes and the animal gut. Being amenable to health altering genetic and non-genetic interventions, C. elegans has emerged as a promising system to generate and test new hypotheses regarding host-microbiome interactions, with the potential to uncover novel paradigms relevant to other systems. This article is part of the theme issue 'Sculpting the microbiome: how host factors determine and respond to microbial colonization'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Singh
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Robert J. Luallen
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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Demirturk M, Cinar MS, Avci FY. The immune interactions of gut glycans and microbiota in health and disease. Mol Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 38703041 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The human digestive system harbors a vast diversity of commensal bacteria and maintains a symbiotic relationship with them. However, imbalances in the gut microbiota accompany various diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and colorectal cancers (CRCs), which significantly impact the well-being of populations globally. Glycosylation of the mucus layer is a crucial factor that plays a critical role in maintaining the homeostatic environment in the gut. This review delves into how the gut microbiota, immune cells, and gut mucus layer work together to establish a balanced gut environment. Specifically, the role of glycosylation in regulating immune cell responses and mucus metabolism in this process is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Demirturk
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mukaddes Sena Cinar
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fikri Y Avci
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Liu D, Li C, Cao T, Lv X, Yue Y, Li S, Cheng Y, Liu F, Huo G, Li B. Bifidobacterium longum K5 Prevents Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection in Mice through the Modulation of the Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2024; 16:1164. [PMID: 38674854 PMCID: PMC11053520 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O157:H7 is a commonly encountered foodborne pathogen that can cause hemorrhagic enteritis and lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in severe cases. Bifidobacterium is a beneficial bacterium that naturally exists in the human gut and plays a vital role in maintaining a healthy balance in the gut microbiota. This study investigated the protective effects of B. longum K5 in a mouse model of EHEC O157:H7 infection. The results indicated that pretreatment with B. longum K5 mitigated the clinical symptoms of EHEC O157:H7 infection and attenuated the increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the colon of the mice. In comparison to the model group, elevated serum D-lactic acid concentrations and diamine oxidase (DAO) levels were prevented in the K5-EHEC group of mice. The reduced mRNA expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1) and mucin MUC2, as well as the elevated expression of virulence factors Stx1A and Stx2A, was alleviated in the colon of both the K5-PBS and K5-EHEC groups. Additionally, the increase in the inflammatory cytokine levels of TNF-α and IL-1β was inhibited and the production of IL-4 and IL-10 was promoted in the K5-EHEC group compared with the model group. B. longum K5 significantly prevented the reduction in the abundance and diversity of mouse gut microorganisms induced by EHEC O157:H7 infection, including blocking the decrease in the relative abundance of Roseburia, Lactobacillus, and Oscillibacter. Meanwhile, the intervention with B. longum K5 promoted the production of acetic acid and butyric acid in the gut. This study provides insights into the use of B. longum K5 for developing probiotic formulations to prevent intestinal diseases caused by pathogenic bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (D.L.); (C.L.); (T.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (Y.C.); (F.L.); (B.L.)
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (D.L.); (C.L.); (T.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (Y.C.); (F.L.); (B.L.)
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (D.L.); (C.L.); (T.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (Y.C.); (F.L.); (B.L.)
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiuli Lv
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (D.L.); (C.L.); (T.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (Y.C.); (F.L.); (B.L.)
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yingxue Yue
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (D.L.); (C.L.); (T.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (Y.C.); (F.L.); (B.L.)
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (D.L.); (C.L.); (T.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (Y.C.); (F.L.); (B.L.)
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (D.L.); (C.L.); (T.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (Y.C.); (F.L.); (B.L.)
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (D.L.); (C.L.); (T.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (Y.C.); (F.L.); (B.L.)
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Guicheng Huo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (D.L.); (C.L.); (T.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (Y.C.); (F.L.); (B.L.)
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bailiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (D.L.); (C.L.); (T.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (Y.C.); (F.L.); (B.L.)
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Wang Z, Shen J. The role of goblet cells in Crohn' s disease. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:43. [PMID: 38561835 PMCID: PMC10985922 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Crohn's disease (CD), a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is increasing worldwide. The pathogenesis of CD is hypothesized to be related to environmental, genetic, immunological, and bacterial factors. Current studies have indicated that intestinal epithelial cells, including columnar, Paneth, M, tuft, and goblet cells dysfunctions, are strongly associated with these pathogenic factors. In particular, goblet cells dysfunctions have been shown to be related to CD pathogenesis by direct or indirect ways, according to the emerging studies. The mucus barrier was established with the help of mucins secreted by goblet cells. Not only do the mucins mediate the mucus barrier permeability and bacterium selection, but also, they are closely linked with the endothelial reticulum stress during the synthesis process. Goblet cells also play a vital role in immune response. It was indicated that goblet cells take part in the antigen presentation and cytokines secretion process. Disrupted goblet cells related immune process were widely discovered in CD patients. Meanwhile, dysbiosis of commensal and pathogenic microbiota can induce myriad immune responses through mucus and goblet cell-associated antigen passage. Microbiome dysbiosis lead to inflammatory reaction against pathogenic bacteria and abnormal tolerogenic response. All these three pathways, including the loss of mucus barrier function, abnormal immune reaction, and microbiome dysbiosis, may have independent or cooperative effect on the CD pathogenesis. However, many of the specific mechanisms underlying these pathways remain unclear. Based on the current understandings of goblet cell's role in CD pathogenesis, substances including butyrate, PPARγagonist, Farnesoid X receptor agonist, nuclear factor-Kappa B, nitrate, cytokines mediators, dietary and nutrient therapies were all found to have potential therapeutic effects on CD by regulating the goblet cells mediated pathways. Several monoclonal antibodies already in use for the treatment of CD in the clinical settings were also found to have some goblet cells related therapeutic targets. In this review, we introduce the disease-related functions of goblet cells, their relationship with CD, their possible mechanisms, and current CD treatments targeting goblet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, No.160 PuJian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, No.160 PuJian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Doranga S, Krogfelt KA, Cohen PS, Conway T. Nutrition of Escherichia coli within the intestinal microbiome. EcoSal Plus 2024:eesp00062023. [PMID: 38417452 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0006-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
In this chapter, we update our 2004 review of "The Life of Commensal Escherichia coli in the Mammalian Intestine" (https://doi.org/10.1128/ecosalplus.8.3.1.2), with a change of title that reflects the current focus on "Nutrition of E. coli within the Intestinal Microbiome." The earlier part of the previous two decades saw incremental improvements in understanding the carbon and energy sources that E. coli and Salmonella use to support intestinal colonization. Along with these investigations of electron donors came a better understanding of the electron acceptors that support the respiration of these facultative anaerobes in the gastrointestinal tract. Hundreds of recent papers add to what was known about the nutrition of commensal and pathogenic enteric bacteria. The fact that each biotype or pathotype grows on a different subset of the available nutrients suggested a mechanism for succession of commensal colonizers and invasion by enteric pathogens. Competition for nutrients in the intestine has also come to be recognized as one basis for colonization resistance, in which colonized strain(s) prevent colonization by a challenger. In the past decade, detailed investigations of fiber- and mucin-degrading anaerobes added greatly to our understanding of how complex polysaccharides support the hundreds of intestinal microbiome species. It is now clear that facultative anaerobes, which usually cannot degrade complex polysaccharides, live in symbiosis with the anaerobic degraders. This concept led to the "restaurant hypothesis," which emphasizes that facultative bacteria, such as E. coli, colonize the intestine as members of mixed biofilms and obtain the sugars they need for growth locally through cross-feeding from polysaccharide-degrading anaerobes. Each restaurant represents an intestinal niche. Competition for those niches determines whether or not invaders are able to overcome colonization resistance and become established. Topics centered on the nutritional basis of intestinal colonization and gastrointestinal health are explored here in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Doranga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Karen A Krogfelt
- Department of Science and Environment, Pandemix Center Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Paul S Cohen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Tyrrell Conway
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
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Liu W, Tu Z, Liu J, Wu T, Li D, Zhang N, Cui Y. Therapeutic effect of yinchenhao decoction on cholelithiasis via mucin in the gallbladder and intestine. Fitoterapia 2024; 172:105746. [PMID: 37967772 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Cholelithiasis is a common and frequently occurring disease worldwide that belongs to the category of jaundice in traditional Chinese medicine. Yinchenhao decoction (YD) consists of Artemisia capillaris Thunb., Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis, and Rheum palmatum L., and is traditionally used to treat jaundice, which has a significant therapeutic effect on cholelithiasis. Our study aimed to investigate the pathological mechanism of cholelithiasis and the therapeutic mechanism of YD via mucin in the gallbladder and intestine. YD was prepared and analyzed using HPLC. The supersaturation stability experiment was designed by the solvent-shift method. The cell transport experiment was conducted by coculture monolayers. The animal experiment was performed using a cholelithiasis model with a high-cholesterol diet. The related indicators were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer, PCR, western blot, or ELISA. Statistics were analyzed using χ2-tests and t-tests. As the results, in cholelithiasis, MUC5AC highly expressed in the gallbladder shortened cholesterol supersaturation and promoted cholesterol crystallization via the inflammatory cytokine signaling pathway; MUC2 highly expressed in the small intestine prolonged cholesterol supersaturation and promoted cholesterol absorption via the inflammatory cytokine signaling pathway. YD inhibited mucin expression in the gallbladder and intestine in a concentration-dependent manner for cholelithiasis treatment by inhibiting the inflammatory cytokine signaling pathway, which was attributed to the active components, including chlorogenic acid, geniposide, and rhein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Liu
- Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, No. 6 Changjiang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300100, China.
| | - Zhengwei Tu
- Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, No. 6 Changjiang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, No. 6 Changjiang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Teng Wu
- Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, No. 6 Changjiang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Donghua Li
- Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, No. 6 Changjiang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, No. 6 Changjiang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300100, China.
| | - Yunfeng Cui
- Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, No. 6 Changjiang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300100, China.
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Zha X, Su S, Wu D, Zhang P, Wei Y, Fan S, Huang Q, Peng X. The impact of gut microbiota changes on the intestinal mucus barrier in burned mice: a study using 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkad056. [PMID: 38130728 PMCID: PMC10734567 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Background The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that plays a critical role in human health and disease. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and intestinal damage caused by burns is not well understood. The intestinal mucus layer is crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis and providing a physiological barrier against bacterial invasion. This study aims to investigate the impact of gut microbiota on the synthesis and degradation of intestinal mucus after burns and explore potential therapeutic targets for burn injury. Methods A modified histopathological grading system was employed to investigate the effects of burn injury on colon tissue and the intestinal mucus barrier in mice. Subsequently, 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing was used to analyze alterations in the gut microbiota at days 1-10 post-burn. Based on this, metagenomic sequencing was conducted on samples collected at days 1, 5 and 10 to investigate changes in mucus-related microbiota and explore potential underlying mechanisms. Results Our findings showed that the mucus barrier was disrupted and that bacterial translocation occurred on day 3 following burn injury in mice. Moreover, the gut microbiota in mice was significantly disrupted from days 1 to 3 following burn injury, but gradually recovered to normal as the disease progressed. Specifically, there was a marked increase in the abundance of symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria associated with mucin degradation on day 1 after burns, but the abundance returned to normal on day 5. Conversely, the abundance of probiotic bacteria associated with mucin synthesis changed in the opposite direction. Further analysis revealed that after a burn injury, bacteria capable of degrading mucus may utilize glycoside hydrolases, flagella and internalins to break down the mucus layer, while bacteria that synthesize mucus may help restore the mucus layer by promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids. Conclusions Burn injury leads to disruption of colonic mucus barrier and dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Some commensal and pathogenic bacteria may participate in mucin degradation via glycoside hydrolases, flagella, internalins, etc. Probiotics may provide short-chain fatty acids (particularly butyrate) as an energy source for stressed intestinal epithelial cells, promote mucin synthesis and accelerate repair of mucus layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xule Zha
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Sen Su
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Panyang Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shijun Fan
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qianying Huang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xi Peng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
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11
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Wang D, Jiang Q, Dong Z, Meng T, Hu F, Wang J, Yuan H. Nanocarriers transport across the gastrointestinal barriers: The contribution to oral bioavailability via blood circulation and lymphatic pathway. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115130. [PMID: 37913890 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Oral administration is the preferred route of drug delivery in clinical practice due to its noninvasiveness, safety, convenience, and high patient compliance. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) plays a crucial role in facilitating the targeted delivery of oral drugs. However, the GIT presents multiple barriers that impede drug absorption, including the gastric barrier in the stomach and the mucus and epithelial barriers in the intestine. In recent decades, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach for overcoming these challenges by utilizing nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems such as liposomes, micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles. Encapsulating drugs within nanocarriers not only protects them from degradation but also enhances their transport and absorption across the GIT, ultimately improving oral bioavailability. The aim of this review is to elucidate the mechanisms underlying nanocarrier-mediated transportation across the GIT into systemic circulation via both the blood circulation and lymphatic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Qi Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhefan Dong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Tingting Meng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Fuqiang Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, PR China
| | - Hong Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; China Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, PR China.
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12
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Coletto E, Savva GM, Latousakis D, Pontifex M, Crost EH, Vaux L, Telatin A, Bergstrom K, Vauzour D, Juge N. Role of mucin glycosylation in the gut microbiota-brain axis of core 3 O-glycan deficient mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13982. [PMID: 37634035 PMCID: PMC10460388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in intestinal mucin glycosylation have been associated with increased intestinal permeability and sensitivity to inflammation and infection. Here, we used mice lacking core 3-derived O-glycans (C3GnT-/-) to investigate the effect of impaired mucin glycosylation in the gut-brain axis. C3GnT-/- mice showed altered microbial metabolites in the caecum associated with brain function such as dimethylglycine and N-acetyl-L-tyrosine profiles as compared to C3GnT+/+ littermates. In the brain, polysialylated-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM)-positive granule cells showed an aberrant phenotype in the dentate gyrus of C3GnT-/- mice. This was accompanied by a trend towards decreased expression levels of PSA as well as ZO-1 and occludin as compared to C3GnT+/+. Behavioural studies showed a decrease in the recognition memory of C3GnT-/- mice as compared to C3GnT+/+ mice. Combined, these results support the role of mucin O-glycosylation in the gut in potentially influencing brain function which may be facilitated by the passage of microbial metabolites through an impaired gut barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Coletto
- Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - George M Savva
- Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Dimitrios Latousakis
- Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Matthew Pontifex
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Emmanuelle H Crost
- Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Laura Vaux
- Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Andrea Telatin
- Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Kirk Bergstrom
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Nathalie Juge
- Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK.
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13
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Calvigioni M, Panattoni A, Biagini F, Donati L, Mazzantini D, Massimino M, Daddi C, Celandroni F, Vozzi G, Ghelardi E. Development of an In Vitro Model of the Gut Microbiota Enriched in Mucus-Adhering Bacteria. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0033623. [PMID: 37289064 PMCID: PMC10433972 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00336-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Culturing the gut microbiota in in vitro models that mimic the intestinal environment is increasingly becoming a promising alternative approach to study microbial dynamics and the effect of perturbations on the gut community. Since the mucus-associated microbial populations in the human intestine differ in composition and functions from their luminal counterpart, we attempted to reproduce in vitro the microbial consortia adhering to mucus using an already established three-dimensional model of the human gut microbiota. Electrospun gelatin structures supplemented or not with mucins were inoculated with fecal samples and compared for their ability to support microbial adhesion and growth over time, as well as to shape the composition of the colonizing communities. Both scaffolds allowed the establishment of long-term stable biofilms with comparable total bacterial loads and biodiversity. However, mucin-coated structures harbored microbial consortia especially enriched in Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Faecalibacterium, being therefore able to select for microorganisms commonly considered mucosa-associated in vivo. IMPORTANCE These findings highlight the importance of mucins in shaping intestinal microbial communities, even those in artificial gut microbiota systems. We propose our in vitro model based on mucin-coated electrospun gelatin structures as a valid device for studies evaluating the effects of exogenous factors (nutrients, probiotics, infectious agents, and drugs) on mucus-adhering microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Calvigioni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Adelaide Panattoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Biagini
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center “Enrico Piaggio”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Donati
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diletta Mazzantini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Massimino
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Costanza Daddi
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center “Enrico Piaggio”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Celandroni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vozzi
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center “Enrico Piaggio”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emilia Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health – Nutrafood”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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14
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Smith TJ, Sundarraman D, Melancon E, Desban L, Parthasarathy R, Guillemin K. A mucin-regulated adhesin determines the spatial organization and inflammatory character of a bacterial symbiont in the vertebrate gut. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1371-1385.e6. [PMID: 37516109 PMCID: PMC10492631 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
In a healthy gut, microbes are often aggregated with host mucus, yet the molecular basis for this organization and its impact on intestinal health are unclear. Mucus is a viscous physical barrier separating resident microbes from epithelia, but it also provides glycan cues that regulate microbial behaviors. Here, we describe a mucin-sensing pathway in an Aeromonas symbiont of zebrafish, Aer01. In response to the mucin-associated glycan N-acetylglucosamine, a sensor kinase regulates the expression of an aggregation-promoting adhesin we named MbpA. Upon MbpA disruption, Aer01 colonizes to normal levels but is largely planktonic and more pro-inflammatory. Increasing cell surface MbpA rescues these traits. MbpA-like adhesins are common in human-associated bacteria, and the expression of an Akkermansia muciniphila MbpA-like adhesin in MbpA-deficient Aer01 restores lumenal aggregation and reverses its pro-inflammatory character. Our work demonstrates how resident bacteria use mucin glycans to modulate behaviors congruent with host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jarrod Smith
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Deepika Sundarraman
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Ellie Melancon
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Laura Desban
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Raghuveer Parthasarathy
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Karen Guillemin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA; Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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15
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Yang G, Yang L, Zhou X. Inhibition of bacterial swimming by heparin binding of flagellin FliC from Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:286. [PMID: 37452842 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli Nissle1917 (EcN) is a non-pathogenic probiotic strain widely used to maintain gut health, treat gastrointestinal disorders, and modulate the gut microbiome due to its anti-inflammatory and competitive exclusion effects against pathogenic bacteria. Heparin, abundant on intestinal mucosal surfaces, is a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan primarily produced by mast cells. Currently, the interaction between EcN surface protein and heparin has remained elusive. In this study, the flagellin FliC responsible for EcN's movement was separated and characterized as a heparin binding protein by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. The recombinant FliC protein, expressed by plasmid pET28a( +)-fliC, was further prepared to confirm the interaction between FliC and heparin. The results showed that heparin-Sepharose's ability to bind FliC was 48-fold higher than its ability to bind the negative control, bovine serum albumin (BSA). Neither the knockout of gene fliC nor the addition of heparin affects the growth of EcN, but both significantly inhibit the swimming of EcN. Adding 10 mg/ml heparin reduced the swimming diameter of the wild type and the complemented strain to 29-41% of the original, but that did not affect the swimming ability of the knockout strains. These results demonstrate that heparin interacts with EcN flagellin FliC and inhibits bacteria swimming. Exploring this interaction could improve our understanding of the relationship between hosts and microorganisms and provide a potential basis for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixia Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Lingkang Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Xianxuan Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China.
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16
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Zhu J, Jin J, Qi Q, Li L, Zhou J, Cao L, Wang L. The association of gut microbiome with recurrent pregnancy loss: A comprehensive review. Drug Discov Ther 2023; 17:157-169. [PMID: 37357394 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2023.01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The steady-state gut microbiome not only promotes the metabolism and absorption of nutrients that are difficult to digest by the host itself, but also participates in systemic metabolism. Once the dynamic balance is disturbed, the gut microbiome may lead to a variety of diseases. Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) affects 1-2% of women of reproductive age, and its prevalence has increased in recent years. According to the literature review, the gut microbiome is a new potential driver of the pathophysiology of recurrent abortion, and the gut microbiome has emerged as a new candidate for clinical prevention and treatment of RPL. However, few studies have concentrated on the direct correlation between RPL and the gut microbiome, and the mechanisms by which the gut microbiome influences recurrent miscarriage need further investigation. In this review, the effects of the gut microbiome on RPL were discussed and found to be associated with inflammatory response, the disruption of insulin signaling pathway and the formation of insulin resistance, maintenance of immunological tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface due to the interference with the immune imbalance of Treg/Th17 cells, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaxi Jin
- The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Qi
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisha Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwen Cao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Zhoushan Women and Children Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
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17
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Luis AS, Hansson GC. Intestinal mucus and their glycans: A habitat for thriving microbiota. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1087-1100. [PMID: 37442097 PMCID: PMC10348403 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The colon mucus layer is organized with an inner colon mucus layer that is impenetrable to bacteria and an outer mucus layer that is expanded to allow microbiota colonization. A major component of mucus is MUC2, a glycoprotein that is extensively decorated, especially with O-glycans. In the intestine, goblet cells are specialized in controlling glycosylation and making mucus. Some microbiota members are known to encode multiple proteins that are predicted to bind and/or cleave mucin glycans. The interactions between commensal microbiota and host mucins drive intestinal colonization, while at the same time, the microbiota can utilize the glycans on mucins and affect the colonic mucus properties. This review will examine this interaction between commensal microbes and intestinal mucins and discuss how this interplay affects health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Luis
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar C Hansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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18
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Zhang B, Li J, Fu J, Shao L, Yang L, Shi J. Interaction between mucus layer and gut microbiota in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Soil and seeds. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:1390-1400. [PMID: 37200041 PMCID: PMC10278733 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The intestinal mucus layer is a barrier that separates intestinal contents and epithelial cells, as well as acts as the "mucus layer-soil" for intestinal flora adhesion and colonization. Its structural and functional integrity is crucial to human health. Intestinal mucus is regulated by factors such as diet, living habits, hormones, neurotransmitters, cytokines, and intestinal flora. The mucus layer's thickness, viscosity, porosity, growth rate, and glycosylation status affect the structure of the gut flora colonized on it. The interaction between "mucus layer-soil" and "gut bacteria-seed" is an important factor leading to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and wash microbial transplantation are efficient methods for managing NAFLD, but their long-term efficacy is poor. FMT is focused on achieving the goal of treating diseases by enhancing the "gut bacteria-seed". However, a lack of effective repair and management of the "mucus layer-soil" may be a reason why "seeds" cannot be well colonized and grow in the host gut, as the thinning and destruction of the "mucus layer-soil" is an early symptom of NAFLD. This review summarizes the existing correlation between intestinal mucus and gut microbiota, as well as the pathogenesis of NAFLD, and proposes a new perspective that "mucus layer-soil" restoration combined with "gut bacteria-seed" FMT may be one of the most effective future strategies for enhancing the long-term efficacy of NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Zhang
- Department of Translational Medicine Platform, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
- Department of School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Jinlong Fu
- Department of School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Li Shao
- Department of Translational Medicine Platform, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
- Department of School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Luping Yang
- Department of Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Junping Shi
- Department of Translational Medicine Platform, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
- Department of Infectious & Hepatology Diseases, Metabolic Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
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19
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Guo Y, Zhang ZG, Hu WW, Li WR, Zhang JM, Zhang CC, Liu DQ, Wu WC. Fabrication of buckwheat-shellac complex by pH-driven enhances the viability of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum during simulated gastrointestinal and storage conditions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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20
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Bell A, Severi E, Owen CD, Latousakis D, Juge N. Biochemical and structural basis of sialic acid utilization by gut microbes. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102989. [PMID: 36758803 PMCID: PMC10017367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors diverse microbial communities collectively known as the gut microbiota that exert a profound impact on human health and disease. The repartition and availability of sialic acid derivatives in the gut have a significant impact on the modulation of gut microbes and host susceptibility to infection and inflammation. Although N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) is the main form of sialic acids in humans, the sialic acid family regroups more than 50 structurally and chemically distinct modified derivatives. In the GI tract, sialic acids are found in the terminal location of mucin glycan chains constituting the mucus layer and also come from human milk oligosaccharides in the infant gut or from meat-based foods in adults. The repartition of sialic acid in the GI tract influences the gut microbiota composition and pathogen colonization. In this review, we provide an update on the mechanisms underpinning sialic acid utilization by gut microbes, focusing on sialidases, transporters, and metabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bell
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuele Severi
- Microbes in Health and Disease, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - C David Owen
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios Latousakis
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Juge
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom.
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21
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Janapatla RP, Dudek A, Chen CL, Chuang CH, Chien KY, Feng Y, Yeh YM, Wang YH, Chang HJ, Lee YC, Chiu CH. Marine prebiotics mediate decolonization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from gut by inhibiting secreted virulence factor interactions with mucins and enriching Bacteroides population. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:9. [PMID: 36732731 PMCID: PMC9896862 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00902-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa intestinal carriage rates are significantly higher in immunosuppressed individuals and hospitalized patients who therefore have increased risk of infections and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. To combat intestinal dysbiosis and decolonize P. aeruginosa from gastrointestinal tract, we investigated the anti-adherence and gut microbiota modulation properties of marine prebiotic fucoidans. METHODS Proteomic analysis of culture supernatant was performed by LC-MS/MS. Using lectin-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hemagglutinin domain interaction and inhibition with biomolecules were studied. We investigated the role of nutritional grade fucoidans in a mouse model and used 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing to examine fecal microbiota composition. RESULTS Analysis of culture supernatant proteins indicated the secretion of two-partner secretion (TPS) family proteins, including TpsA1/CdiA2 and TpsA2/CdiA1. Lectin like activity at the N-terminal of TpsA due to a conserved hemagglutinin domain (Pfam identifier [ID] PF05860) mediates binding to mucins that carry multiple fucosylated glycans. Fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidans) and sulfated dextrans were found to be potent inhibitors of the recombinant N-terminal hemagglutinin domain of TpsA (TpsA-NT-HAD) binding to mucins. In a mouse model, antibiotic-induced dysbiosis was essential for P. aeruginosa gastrointestinal colonization. After prophylactic oral fucoidans supplementation, a higher proportion (60%) of the mice were decolonized over time and resisted re-colonization, this was associated with remarkable expansion of Bacteroides (post-infection day-3 abundance, 29-50%) and consequential reductions in bloom of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae populations. In the non-supplemented group, Parabacteroides mediated recovery from dysbiosis but failed to decolonize P. aeruginosa. CONCLUSIONS Supplementing diet with marine prebiotic fucoidans can mediate earlier recovery from dysbiosis and decolonization of P. aeruginosa from gut by inhibiting secreted virulence factor (TpsA/CdiA) interaction with mucins and promoting the growth of beneficial Bacteroides population. We suggest the prophylactic use of nutritional grade fucoidans to decolonize P. aeruginosa from gastrointestinal tract of at-risk individuals to prevent infection and transmission of colonizing P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Prasad Janapatla
- grid.413801.f0000 0001 0711 0593Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Anna Dudek
- grid.413801.f0000 0001 0711 0593Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Liang Chen
- grid.413801.f0000 0001 0711 0593Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Kun-Yi Chien
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ye Feng
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute for Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Ming Yeh
- grid.413801.f0000 0001 0711 0593Chang Gung Microbiota Therapy Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Wang
- grid.413801.f0000 0001 0711 0593Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ju Chang
- grid.413801.f0000 0001 0711 0593Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chuan Lee
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- grid.413801.f0000 0001 0711 0593Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan ,grid.413801.f0000 0001 0711 0593Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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22
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Gao X, Yu J, Chang L, Wang Y, Sun X, Mu G, Qian F. In vitro antibacterial activity of Bacillus coagulans T242 on Caco-2 cells infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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Food Peptides, Gut Microbiota Modulation, and Antihypertensive Effects. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248806. [PMID: 36557936 PMCID: PMC9788432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is increasingly important in the overall human health and as such, it is a target in the search of novel strategies for the management of metabolic disorders including blood pressure, and cardiovascular diseases. The link between microbiota and hypertension is complex and this review is intended to provide an overview of the mechanism including the production of postbiotics, mitigation of inflammation, and the integration of food biological molecules within this complex system. The focus is on hydrolyzed food proteins and peptides which are less commonly investigated for prebiotic properties. The analysis of available data showed that food peptides are multifunctional and can prevent gut dysbiosis by positively affecting the production of postbiotics or gut metabolites (short-chain fatty acids, polysaccharides, biogenic amines, bile acids). Peptides and the postbiotics then displayed antihypertensive effects via the renin-angiotensin system, the gut barrier, the endothelium, and reduction in inflammation and oxidative stress. Despite the promising antihypertensive effect of the food peptides via the modulation of the gut, there is a lack of human studies as most of the works have been conducted in animal models.
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24
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Zheng H, Zhang C, Wang Q, Feng S, Fang Y, Zhang S. The impact of aging on intestinal mucosal immune function and clinical applications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1029948. [PMID: 36524122 PMCID: PMC9745321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells and immune molecules in the intestinal mucosa participate in innate and adaptive immunity to maintain local and systematic homeostasis. With aging, intestinal mucosal immune dysfunction will promote the emergence of age-associated diseases. Although there have been a number of studies on the impact of aging on systemic immunity, relatively fewer studies have been conducted on the impact of aging on the intestinal mucosal immune system. In this review, we will briefly introduce the impact of aging on the intestinal mucosal barrier, the impact of aging on intestinal immune cells as well as immune molecules, and the process of interaction between intestinal mucosal immunity and gut microbiota during aging. After that we will discuss potential strategies to slow down intestinal aging in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zheng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyan Feng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Fang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Shuo Zhang,
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25
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Effects of Ilisha elongata protein, soy protein and whey protein on growth characteristics and adhesion of probiotics. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:2125-2134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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26
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Liu W, Liu J, Wu T, Smyth H, Cui Y. The effect of mucin on supersaturation of poorly water-soluble drugs with different crystallization behavior and in vitro-in vivo correlation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Relationship between mucosa-associated gut microbiota and human diseases. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1225-1236. [PMID: 36214382 PMCID: PMC9704521 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mucus layer covering the gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a critical role in maintaining gut homeostasis. In the colon, the inner mucus layer ensures commensal microbes are kept at a safe distance from the epithelium while mucin glycans in the outer mucus layer provide microbes with nutrients and binding sites. Microbes residing in the mucus form part of the so-called 'mucosa-associated microbiota' (MAM), a microbial community which, due to its close proximity to the epithelium, has a profound impact on immune and metabolic health by directly impacting gut barrier function and the immune system. Alterations in GI microbial communities have been linked to human diseases. Although most of this knowledge is based on analysis of the faecal microbiota, a growing number of studies show that the MAM signature differs from faecal or luminal microbiota and has the potential to be used to distinguish between diseased and healthy status in well-studied conditions such as IBD, IBS and CRC. However, our knowledge about spatial microbial alterations in pathogenesis remains severely hampered by issues surrounding access to microbial communities in the human gut. In this review, we provide state-of-the-art information on how to access MAM in humans, the composition of MAM, and how changes in MAM relate to changes in human health and disease. A better understanding of interactions occurring at the mucosal surface is essential to advance our understanding of diseases affecting the GI tract and beyond.
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28
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Sundarraman D, Smith TJ, Kast JVZ, Guillemin K, Parthasarathy R. Disaggregation as an interaction mechanism among intestinal bacteria. Biophys J 2022; 121:3458-3473. [PMID: 35982615 PMCID: PMC9515126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome contains hundreds of interacting species that together influence host health and development. The mechanisms by which intestinal microbes can interact, however, remain poorly mapped and are often modeled as spatially unstructured competitions for chemical resources. Recent imaging studies examining the zebrafish gut have shown that patterns of aggregation are central to bacterial population dynamics. In this study, we focus on bacterial species of genera Aeromonas and Enterobacter. Two zebrafish gut-derived isolates, Aeromonas ZOR0001 (AE) and Enterobacter ZOR0014 (EN), when mono-associated with the host, are highly aggregated and located primarily in the intestinal midgut. An Aeromonas isolate derived from the commensal strain, Aeromonas-MB4 (AE-MB4), differs from the parental strain in that it is composed mostly of planktonic cells localized to the anterior gut. When challenged by AE-MB4, clusters of EN rapidly fragment into non-motile, slow-growing, dispersed individual cells with overall abundance two orders of magnitude lower than the mono-association value. In the presence of a certain set of additional gut bacterial species, these effects on EN are dampened. In particular, if AE-MB4 invades an already established multi-species community, EN persists in the form of large aggregates. These observations reveal an unanticipated competition mechanism based on manipulation of bacterial spatial organization, namely dissolution of aggregates, and provide evidence that multi-species communities may facilitate stable intestinal co-existence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sundarraman
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - T Jarrod Smith
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Jade V Z Kast
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Karen Guillemin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon; Humans and the Microbiome Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Raghuveer Parthasarathy
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon; Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.
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29
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Suriano F, Nyström EEL, Sergi D, Gustafsson JK. Diet, microbiota, and the mucus layer: The guardians of our health. Front Immunol 2022; 13:953196. [PMID: 36177011 PMCID: PMC9513540 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.953196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal tract is an ecosystem in which the resident microbiota lives in symbiosis with its host. This symbiotic relationship is key to maintaining overall health, with dietary habits of the host representing one of the main external factors shaping the microbiome-host relationship. Diets high in fiber and low in fat and sugars, as opposed to Western and high-fat diets, have been shown to have a beneficial effect on intestinal health by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria, improve mucus barrier function and immune tolerance, while inhibiting pro-inflammatory responses and their downstream effects. On the contrary, diets low in fiber and high in fat and sugars have been associated with alterations in microbiota composition/functionality and the subsequent development of chronic diseases such as food allergies, inflammatory bowel disease, and metabolic disease. In this review, we provided an updated overview of the current understanding of the connection between diet, microbiota, and health, with a special focus on the role of Western and high-fat diets in shaping intestinal homeostasis by modulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Suriano
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Francesco Suriano, ; Jenny K. Gustafsson,
| | - Elisabeth E. L. Nyström
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jenny K. Gustafsson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Francesco Suriano, ; Jenny K. Gustafsson,
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30
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Karpinets TV, Wu X, Solley T, El Alam MB, Sims TT, Yoshida-Court K, Lynn E, Ahmed-Kaddar M, Biegert G, Yue J, Song X, Sun H, Petrosino JF, Mezzari MP, Okhuysen P, Eifel PJ, Jhingran A, Lin LL, Schmeler KM, Ramondetta L, Ajami N, Jenq RR, Futreal A, Zhang J, Klopp AH, Colbert LE. Metagenomes of rectal swabs in larger, advanced stage cervical cancers have enhanced mucus degrading functionalities and distinct taxonomic structure. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:945. [PMID: 36050658 PMCID: PMC9438314 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiome community composition differs between cervical cancer (CC) patients and healthy controls, and increased gut diversity is associated with improved outcomes after treatment. We proposed that functions of specific microbial species adjoining the mucus layer may directly impact the biology of CC. Method Metagenomes of rectal swabs in 41 CC patients were examined by whole-genome shotgun sequencing to link taxonomic structures, molecular functions, and metabolic pathway to patient’s clinical characteristics. Results Significant association of molecular functions encoded by the metagenomes was found with initial tumor size and stage. Profiling of the molecular function abundances and their distributions identified 2 microbial communities co-existing in each metagenome but having distinct metabolism and taxonomic structures. Community A (Clostridia and Proteobacteria predominant) was characterized by high activity of pathways involved in stress response, mucus glycan degradation and utilization of degradation byproducts. This community was prevalent in patients with larger, advanced stage tumors. Conversely, community B (Bacteroidia predominant) was characterized by fast growth, active oxidative phosphorylation, and production of vitamins. This community was prevalent in patients with smaller, early-stage tumors. Conclusions In this study, enrichment of mucus degrading microbial communities in rectal metagenomes of CC patients was associated with larger, more advanced stage tumors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09997-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V Karpinets
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaogang Wu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Travis Solley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Molly B El Alam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Travis T Sims
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyoko Yoshida-Court
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erica Lynn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mustapha Ahmed-Kaddar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Greyson Biegert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jingyan Yue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xingzhi Song
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huandong Sun
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph F Petrosino
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melissa P Mezzari
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pablo Okhuysen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia J Eifel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anuja Jhingran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lilie L Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen M Schmeler
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lois Ramondetta
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nadim Ajami
- Program for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research, Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert R Jenq
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Program for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research, Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Ann H Klopp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Lauren E Colbert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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31
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Mi W, Hu Z, Xu L, Bian X, Lian W, Yin S, Zhao S, Gao W, Guo C, Shi T. Quercetin positively affects gene expression profiles and metabolic pathway of antibiotic-treated mouse gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:983358. [PMID: 36090094 PMCID: PMC9453598 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.983358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin has a wide range of biological properties that can be used to prevent or decrease particular inflammatory diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the gene expression profile and metabolic pathway of the gut microbiota of an antibiotic-treated mouse model administered quercetin. Blood, feces, and intestinal tissue samples were collected and metagenomic sequencing, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and western blot analysis were used to detect variations. The results showed that the quercetin-treated group exhibited increased levels of health beneficial bacterial species, including Faecalibaculum rodentium (103.13%), Enterorhabdus caecimuris (4.13%), Eggerthella lenta (4%), Roseburia hominis (1.33%), and Enterorhabdus mucosicola (1.79%), compared with the model group. These bacterial species were positively related to butyrate, propionate, and intestinal tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1 and occludin) expression, but negatively related to serum lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-α level. In addition, the metabolic pathway analysis showed that dietary quercetin significantly enhanced spliceosomes (111.11%), tight junctions (62.96%), the citrate cycle (10.41%), pyruvate metabolism (6.95%), and lysine biosynthesis (5.06%), but decreasing fatty acid biosynthesis (23.91%) and N-glycan (7.37%) biosynthesis. Furthermore, these metabolic pathway changes were related to relative changes in the abundance of 10 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes genes (K00244, K00341, K02946, K03737, K01885, k10352, k11717, k10532, K02078, K01191). In conclusion, dietary quercetin increased butyrate-producing bacterial species, and the acetyl-CoA-mediated increased butyrate accelerated carbohydrate, energy metabolism, reduced cell motility and endotoxemia, and increased the gut barrier function, thereby leading to healthy colonic conditions for the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Lanlan Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiangyu Bian
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wu Lian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Shuying Yin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Shuying Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Weina Gao
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Weina Gao,
| | - Changjiang Guo
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Changjiang Guo,
| | - Tala Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Tala Shi,
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32
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Subramanian DA, Langer R, Traverso G. Mucus interaction to improve gastrointestinal retention and pharmacokinetics of orally administered nano-drug delivery systems. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:362. [PMID: 35933341 PMCID: PMC9356434 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral delivery of therapeutics is the preferred route of administration due to ease of administration which is associated with greater patient medication adherence. One major barrier to oral delivery and intestinal absorption is rapid clearance of the drug and the drug delivery system from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. To address this issue, researchers have investigated using GI mucus to help maximize the pharmacokinetics of the therapeutic; while mucus can act as a barrier to effective oral delivery, it can also be used as an anchoring mechanism to improve intestinal residence. Nano-drug delivery systems that use materials which can interact with the mucus layers in the GI tract can enable longer residence time, improving the efficacy of oral drug delivery. This review examines the properties and function of mucus in the GI tract, as well as diseases that alter mucus. Three broad classes of mucus-interacting systems are discussed: mucoadhesive, mucus-penetrating, and mucolytic drug delivery systems. For each class of system, the basis for mucus interaction is presented, and examples of materials that inform the development of these systems are discussed and reviewed. Finally, a list of FDA-approved mucoadhesive, mucus-penetrating, and mucolytic drug delivery systems is reviewed. In summary, this review highlights the progress made in developing mucus-interacting systems, both at a research-scale and commercial-scale level, and describes the theoretical basis for each type of system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak A Subramanian
- Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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33
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García-Díaz M, Cendra MDM, Alonso-Roman R, Urdániz M, Torrents E, Martínez E. Mimicking the Intestinal Host-Pathogen Interactions in a 3D In Vitro Model: The Role of the Mucus Layer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1552. [PMID: 35893808 PMCID: PMC9331835 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucus lines the luminal surface of the intestinal epithelium. This mucus is a dynamic semipermeable barrier and one of the first-line defense mechanisms against the outside environment, protecting the body against chemical, mechanical, or biological external insults. At the same time, the intestinal mucus accommodates the resident microbiota, providing nutrients and attachment sites, and therefore playing an essential role in the host-pathogen interactions and gut homeostasis. Underneath this mucus layer, the intestinal epithelium is organized into finger-like protrusions called villi and invaginations called crypts. This characteristic 3D architecture is known to influence the epithelial cell differentiation and function. However, when modelling in vitro the intestinal host-pathogen interactions, these two essential features, the intestinal mucus and the 3D topography are often not represented, thus limiting the relevance of the models. Here we present an in vitro model that mimics the small intestinal mucosa and its interactions with intestinal pathogens in a relevant manner, containing the secreted mucus layer and the epithelial barrier in a 3D villus-like hydrogel scaffold. This 3D architecture significantly enhanced the secretion of mucus. In infection with the pathogenic adherent invasive E. coli strain LF82, characteristic of Crohn's disease, we observed that this secreted mucus promoted the adhesion of the pathogen and at the same time had a protective effect upon its invasion. This pathogenic strain was able to survive inside the epithelial cells and trigger an inflammatory response that was milder when a thick mucus layer was present. Thus, we demonstrated that our model faithfully mimics the key features of the intestinal mucosa necessary to study the interactions with intestinal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- María García-Díaz
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.d.M.C.); (R.A.-R.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
| | - Maria del Mar Cendra
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.d.M.C.); (R.A.-R.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
| | - Raquel Alonso-Roman
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.d.M.C.); (R.A.-R.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
| | - María Urdániz
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.d.M.C.); (R.A.-R.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
| | - Eduard Torrents
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.d.M.C.); (R.A.-R.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Biology Faculty, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.d.M.C.); (R.A.-R.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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34
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Okafuji H, Iida N, Kitamura K, Seishima J, Wang Z, Yutani M, Yoshio T, Yamashita T, Sakai Y, Honda M, Yamashita T, Fujinaga Y, Shinkura R, Hamaguchi Y, Mizukoshi E, Kaneko S. Oral Corticosteroids Impair Mucin Production and Alter the Posttransplantation Microbiota in the Gut. Digestion 2022; 103:269-286. [PMID: 35184054 DOI: 10.1159/000522039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gut microbiota alterations cause inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) enables manipulating the microbiota's composition, but the mechanisms underlying colonization of the posttransplantation microbiota are poorly understood. METHODS In this open-label, nonrandomized study, the FMT efficacy and changes in the gut microbiota were evaluated in 8 UC patients with mild-to-moderately active endoscopic colonic lesions. Compositional changes in the fecal and mucosal microbiotas between donors and recipients were examined via 16S rRNA-based sequencing. To investigate the effects of oral corticosteroids on microbiota colonization, FMT was performed in germ-free prednisolone (PSL)-administered mice to examine the factors determining colonization. RESULTS Four UC patients achieved clinical remission (CR) after FMT, and 3 also achieved endoscopic remission. The fecal microbiotas of the CR patients changed similar to those of the donors after FMT. The mucin-coding gene, MUC2, was less expressed in the colons of the PSL-dependent patients than in the PSL-free patients. In the mice, PSL treatment decreased the fecal mucin production and altered the posttransplantation fecal microbiota composition. Adding either exogenous mucin or the mucin secretagogue, rebamipide, partially alleviated the PSL-induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Administering rebamipide with FMT from healthy donors relieved inflammation in mice with Enterococcus faecium-induced colitis. CONCLUSION Colonic mucin controlled the gut microbiota composition, and oral corticosteroid treatment modified the gut microbiota partly by reducing the colonic mucin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Okafuji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noriho Iida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan,
| | - Kazuya Kitamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Jun Seishima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yutani
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicinal Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Yoshio
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masao Honda
- Department of Advanced Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yukako Fujinaga
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicinal Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Reiko Shinkura
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Hamaguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Health Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Eishiro Mizukoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Breugelmans T, Oosterlinck B, Arras W, Ceuleers H, De Man J, Hold GL, De Winter BY, Smet A. The role of mucins in gastrointestinal barrier function during health and disease. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 7:455-471. [DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(21)00431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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McGrath CJ, Laveckis E, Bell A, Crost E, Juge N, Schüller S. Development of a novel human intestinal model to elucidate the effect of anaerobic commensals on Escherichia coli infection. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:275170. [PMID: 35302159 PMCID: PMC9066490 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in protecting against enteric infection. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown owing to a lack of suitable experimental models. Although most gut commensals are anaerobic, intestinal epithelial cells require oxygen for survival. In addition, most intestinal cell lines do not produce mucus, which provides a habitat for the microbiota. Here, we have developed a microaerobic, mucus-producing vertical diffusion chamber (VDC) model and determined the influence of Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Ruminococcus gnavus on enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infection. Optimization of the culture medium enabled bacterial growth in the presence of mucus-producing T84/LS174T cells. Whereas L. reuteri diminished EPEC growth and adhesion to T84/LS174T and mucus-deficient T84 epithelia, R. gnavus only demonstrated a protective effect in the presence of LS174T cells. Reduced EPEC adherence was not associated with altered type III secretion pore formation. In addition, co-culture with L. reuteri and R. gnavus dampened EPEC-induced interleukin 8 secretion. The microaerobic mucin-producing VDC system will facilitate investigations into the mechanisms underpinning colonization resistance and aid the development of microbiota-based anti-infection strategies. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J. McGrath
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Edgaras Laveckis
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Andrew Bell
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Emmanuelle Crost
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Nathalie Juge
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Stephanie Schüller
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK,Author for correspondence ()
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Novel Developments on Stimuli-Responsive Probiotic Encapsulates: From Smart Hydrogels to Nanostructured Platforms. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8030117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials engineering and biotechnology have advanced significantly towards probiotic encapsulation with encouraging results in assuring sufficient bioactivity. However, some major challenges remain to be addressed, and these include maintaining stability in different compartments of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), favoring adhesion only at the site of action, and increasing residence times. An alternative to addressing such challenges is to manufacture encapsulates with stimuli-responsive polymers, such that controlled release is achievable by incorporating moieties that respond to chemical and physical stimuli present along the GIT. This review highlights, therefore, such emerging delivery matrices going from a comprehensive description of addressable stimuli in each GIT compartment to novel synthesis and functionalization techniques to currently employed materials used for probiotic’s encapsulation and achieving multi-modal delivery and multi-stimuli responses. Next, we explored the routes for encapsulates design to enhance their performance in terms of degradation kinetics, adsorption, and mucus and gut microbiome interactions. Finally, we present the clinical perspectives of implementing novel probiotics and the challenges to assure scalability and cost-effectiveness, prerequisites for an eventual niche market penetration.
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Liu G, Chu M, Xu P, Nie S, Xu X, Ren J. Effects of Ilisha elongata proteins on proliferation and adhesion of Lactobacillus plantarum. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100206. [PMID: 35499024 PMCID: PMC9039923 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Ilisha elongata proteins promote the growth afnd proliferation of LP45. Probiotic proliferation of Ie-S protein is higher than that of Ie-W protein. Ilisha elongata proteins can promote LP45 adhesion in the intestinal tract.
The effects of aquatic proteins on the proliferation and adhesion of intestinal probiotic bacteria were investigated by in vitro fermentation and mouse in vitrointestinal tissue models. Compared with the control group, the Illisha elongata protein reduced the growth time of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP45) by 34.25% and increased the total number of colonies by 6.61%. The Ilisha elongata salt-solubale protein performed better than water-soluble protein in vitro proliferation of LP45. Ilisha elongata salt-soluble protein significantly increased the number of viable bacteria adhering to intestinal, and caused changes in the amount of polysaccharides, proteins and biofilms in the intestinal tissue model. These results indicate that the Ilisha elongata protein is beneficial to the proliferation and adhesion of probiotics in the intestinal, and can be used as an active protein beneficial to intestinal health.
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Schröder NCH, Korša A, Wami H, Mantel O, Dobrindt U, Kurtz J. Serial passage in an insect host indicates genetic stability of the human probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. Evol Med Public Health 2022; 10:71-86. [PMID: 35186295 PMCID: PMC8853844 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) has been shown to effectively prevent and alleviate intestinal diseases. Despite the widespread medical application of EcN, we still lack basic knowledge about persistence and evolution of EcN outside the human body. Such knowledge is important also for public health aspects, as in contrast to abiotic therapeutics, probiotics are living organisms that have the potential to evolve. This study made use of experimental evolution of EcN in an insect host, the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, and its flour environment. Methodology Using a serial passage approach, we orally introduced EcN to larvae of T.castaneum as a new host, and also propagated it in the flour environment. After eight propagation cycles, we analyzed phenotypic attributes of the passaged replicate EcN lines, their effects on the host in the context of immunity and infection with the entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis, and potential genomic changes using WGS of three of the evolved lines. Results We observed weak phenotypic differences between the ancestral EcN and both, beetle and flour passaged EcN lines, in motility and growth at 30°C, but neither any genetic changes, nor the expected increased persistence of the beetle-passaged lines. One of these lines displayed distinct morphological and physiological characteristics. Conclusions and implications Our findings suggest that EcN remains rather stable during serial passage in an insect. Weak phenotypic changes in growth and motility combined with a lack of genetic changes indicate a certain degree of phenotypic plasticity of EcN. Lay Summary For studying adaptation of the human probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917, we introduced it to a novel insect host system and its environment using a serial passage approach. After passage, we observed weak phenotypic changes in growth and motility but no mutations or changes in persistence inside the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas C H Schröder
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ana Korša
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Haleluya Wami
- Institute for Hygiene, UKM Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Olena Mantel
- Institute for Hygiene, UKM Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Kurtz
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Yu Y, Zong M, Lao L, Wen J, Pan D, Wu Z. Adhesion properties of the cell surface proteins in Lactobacillus strains under the GIT environment. Food Funct 2022; 13:3098-3109. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04328e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play an essential role in the epithelial barrier and the gut immune system. It can antagonize pathogens by producing antimicrobial substances like bacteriocins, and compete with...
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41
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Bielka W, Przezak A, Pawlik A. The Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010480. [PMID: 35008906 PMCID: PMC8745411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a significant clinical and therapeutic problem because it can lead to serious long-term complications. Its pathogenesis is not fully understood, but there are indications that dysbiosis can play a role in the development of diabetes, or that it appears during the course of the disease. Changes in microbiota composition are observed in both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. These modifications are associated with pro-inflammation, increased intestinal permeability, endotoxemia, impaired β-cell function and development of insulin resistance. This review summarizes the role of the gut microbiota in healthy individuals and the changes in bacterial composition that can be associated with T1D or T2D. It also presents new developments in diabetes therapy based on influencing the gut microbiota as a promising method to alter the course of diabetes. Moreover, it highlights the lacking data and suggests future directions needed to prove the causal relationship between dysbiosis and diabetes, both T1D and T2D.
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Wu H, Crost EH, Owen CD, van Bakel W, Martínez Gascueña A, Latousakis D, Hicks T, Walpole S, Urbanowicz PA, Ndeh D, Monaco S, Sánchez Salom L, Griffiths R, Reynolds RS, Colvile A, Spencer DIR, Walsh M, Angulo J, Juge N. The human gut symbiont Ruminococcus gnavus shows specificity to blood group A antigen during mucin glycan foraging: Implication for niche colonisation in the gastrointestinal tract. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001498. [PMID: 34936658 PMCID: PMC8730463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut symbiont Ruminococcus gnavus displays strain-specific repertoires of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) contributing to its spatial location in the gut. Sequence similarity network analysis identified strain-specific differences in blood-group endo-β-1,4-galactosidase belonging to the GH98 family. We determined the substrate and linkage specificities of GH98 from R. gnavus ATCC 29149, RgGH98, against a range of defined oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates including mucin. We showed by HPAEC-PAD and LC-FD-MS/MS that RgGH98 is specific for blood group A tetrasaccharide type II (BgA II). Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR confirmed RgGH98 affinity for blood group A over blood group B and H antigens. The molecular basis of RgGH98 strict specificity was further investigated using a combination of glycan microarrays, site-directed mutagenesis, and X-ray crystallography. The crystal structures of RgGH98 in complex with BgA trisaccharide (BgAtri) and of RgGH98 E411A with BgA II revealed a dedicated hydrogen network of residues, which were shown by site-directed mutagenesis to be critical to the recognition of the BgA epitope. We demonstrated experimentally that RgGH98 is part of an operon of 10 genes that is overexpresssed in vitro when R. gnavus ATCC 29149 is grown on mucin as sole carbon source as shown by RNAseq analysis and RT-qPCR confirmed RgGH98 expression on BgA II growth. Using MALDI-ToF MS, we showed that RgGH98 releases BgAtri from mucin and that pretreatment of mucin with RgGH98 confered R. gnavus E1 the ability to grow, by enabling the E1 strain to metabolise BgAtri and access the underlying mucin glycan chain. These data further support that the GH repertoire of R. gnavus strains enable them to colonise different nutritional niches in the human gut and has potential applications in diagnostic and therapeutics against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Wu
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - C David Owen
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot, United Kingdom
- Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Hicks
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Didier Ndeh
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Colvile
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot, United Kingdom
- Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin Walsh
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot, United Kingdom
- Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Jesus Angulo
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nathalie Juge
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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MUC2 and related bacterial factors: Therapeutic targets for ulcerative colitis. EBioMedicine 2021; 74:103751. [PMID: 34902790 PMCID: PMC8671112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucin2 (MUC2) mucus barrier acts as the first barrier that prevents direct contact between intestinal bacteria and colonic epithelial cells. Bacterial factors related to the MUC2 mucus barrier play important roles in the response to changes in dietary patterns, MUC2 mucus barrier dysfunction, contact stimulation with colonic epithelial cells, and mucosal and submucosal inflammation during the occurrence and development of ulcerative colitis (UC). In this review, these underlying mechanisms are summarized and updated, and related interventions for treating UC, such as dietary adjustment, exogenous repair of the mucus barrier, microbiota transplantation and targeted elimination of pathogenic bacteria, are suggested. Such interventions are likely to induce and maintain a long and stable remission period and reduce or even avoid the recurrence of UC. A better mechanistic understanding of the MUC2 mucus barrier and its related bacterial factors may help researchers and clinicians to develop novel approaches for treating UC.
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Categorizing sequences of concern by function to better assess mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis. Infect Immun 2021; 90:e0033421. [PMID: 34780277 PMCID: PMC9119117 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00334-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify sequences with a role in microbial pathogenesis, we assessed the adequacy of their annotation by existing controlled vocabularies and sequence databases. Our goal was to regularize descriptions of microbial pathogenesis for improved integration with bioinformatic applications. Here, we review the challenges of annotating sequences for pathogenic activity. We relate the categorization of more than 2,750 sequences of pathogenic microbes through a controlled vocabulary called Functions of Sequences of Concern (FunSoCs). These allow for an ease of description by both humans and machines. We provide a subset of 220 fully annotated sequences in the supplemental material as examples. The use of this compact (∼30 terms), controlled vocabulary has potential benefits for research in microbial genomics, public health, biosecurity, biosurveillance, and the characterization of new and emerging pathogens.
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Maresca M, Alatou R, Pujol A, Nicoletti C, Perrier J, Giardina T, Simon G, Méjean V, Fons M. RadA, a MSCRAMM Adhesin of the Dominant Symbiote Ruminococcus gnavus E1, Binds Human Immunoglobulins and Intestinal Mucins. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1613. [PMID: 34827611 PMCID: PMC8615915 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion to the digestive mucosa is considered a key factor for bacterial persistence within the gut. In this study, we show that Ruminococcus gnavus E1 can express the radA gene, which encodes an adhesin of the MSCRAMMs family, only when it colonizes the gut. The RadA N-terminal region contains an all-β bacterial Ig-like domain known to interact with collagens. We observed that it preferentially binds human immunoglobulins (IgA and IgG) and intestinal mucins. Using deglycosylated substrates, we also showed that the RadA N-terminal region recognizes two different types of motifs, the protein backbone of human IgG and the glycan structure of mucins. Finally, competition assays with lectins and free monosaccharides identified Galactose and N-Acetyl-Galactosamine motifs as specific targets for the binding of RadA to mucins and the surface of human epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Maresca
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2, IM2B, 13007 Marseille, France; (A.P.); (C.N.); (J.P.); (T.G.)
| | - Radia Alatou
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, RN79 Constantine, Algeria;
| | - Ange Pujol
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2, IM2B, 13007 Marseille, France; (A.P.); (C.N.); (J.P.); (T.G.)
| | - Cendrine Nicoletti
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2, IM2B, 13007 Marseille, France; (A.P.); (C.N.); (J.P.); (T.G.)
| | - Josette Perrier
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2, IM2B, 13007 Marseille, France; (A.P.); (C.N.); (J.P.); (T.G.)
| | - Thierry Giardina
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2, IM2B, 13007 Marseille, France; (A.P.); (C.N.); (J.P.); (T.G.)
| | - Gwenola Simon
- Aix Marseille University, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13007 Marseille, France;
| | - Vincent Méjean
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, BIP UMR7281, IMM, IM2B, 13007 Marseille, France;
| | - Michel Fons
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, BIP UMR7281, IMM, IM2B, 13007 Marseille, France;
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Chen Z, Luo J, Li J, Kim G, Chen ES, Xiao S, Snapper SB, Bao B, An D, Blumberg RS, Lin CH, Wang S, Zhong J, Liu K, Li Q, Wu C, Kuchroo VK. Foxo1 controls gut homeostasis and commensalism by regulating mucus secretion. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20210324. [PMID: 34287641 PMCID: PMC8424467 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus produced by goblet cells in the gastrointestinal tract forms a biological barrier that protects the intestine from invasion by commensals and pathogens. However, the host-derived regulatory network that controls mucus secretion and thereby changes gut microbiota has not been well studied. Here, we identify that Forkhead box protein O1 (Foxo1) regulates mucus secretion by goblet cells and determines intestinal homeostasis. Loss of Foxo1 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) results in defects in goblet cell autophagy and mucus secretion, leading to an impaired gut microenvironment and dysbiosis. Subsequently, due to changes in microbiota and disruption in microbiome metabolites of short-chain fatty acids, Foxo1 deficiency results in altered organization of tight junction proteins and enhanced susceptibility to intestinal inflammation. Our study demonstrates that Foxo1 is crucial for IECs to establish commensalism and maintain intestinal barrier integrity by regulating goblet cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuojia Chen
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jialie Luo
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jian Li
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Girak Kim
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Eric S. Chen
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Sheng Xiao
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Scott B. Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Bin Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Dingding An
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Richard S. Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Cheng-hui Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Sui Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Jiaxin Zhong
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kuai Liu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiyuan Li
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chuan Wu
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Vijay K. Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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Mejía-Pitta A, Broset E, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Probiotic engineering strategies for the heterologous production of antimicrobial peptides. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113863. [PMID: 34273423 PMCID: PMC8440409 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Engineered probiotic bacteria represent an innovative approach for treating and detecting a wide range of diseases including those caused by infectious agents. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics for combating antibiotic-resistant infections. These molecules can be delivered orally to the gut by using engineered probiotics, which confer protection against AMP degradation, thus enabling numerous applications including treating drug-resistant enteric pathogens and remodeling the microbiota in real time. Here, we provide an update on the current state of the art on AMP-producing probiotics, discuss methods to enhance gut colonization, and end by outlining future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mejía-Pitta
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Esther Broset
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
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48
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Sauvaitre T, Etienne-Mesmin L, Sivignon A, Mosoni P, Courtin CM, Van de Wiele T, Blanquet-Diot S. Tripartite relationship between gut microbiota, intestinal mucus and dietary fibers: towards preventive strategies against enteric infections. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:5918835. [PMID: 33026073 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut is inhabited by a large variety of microorganims involved in many physiological processes and collectively referred as to gut microbiota. Disrupted microbiome has been associated with negative health outcomes and especially could promote the onset of enteric infections. To sustain their growth and persistence within the human digestive tract, gut microbes and enteric pathogens rely on two main polysaccharide compartments, namely dietary fibers and mucus carbohydrates. Several evidences suggest that the three-way relationship between gut microbiota, dietary fibers and mucus layer could unravel the capacity of enteric pathogens to colonise the human digestive tract and ultimately lead to infection. The review starts by shedding light on similarities and differences between dietary fibers and mucus carbohydrates structures and functions. Next, we provide an overview of the interactions of these two components with the third partner, namely, the gut microbiota, under health and disease situations. The review will then provide insights into the relevance of using dietary fibers interventions to prevent enteric infections with a focus on gut microbial imbalance and impaired-mucus integrity. Facing the numerous challenges in studying microbiota-pathogen-dietary fiber-mucus interactions, we lastly describe the characteristics and potentialities of currently available in vitro models of the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sauvaitre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucie Etienne-Mesmin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adeline Sivignon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 1071 Inserm, USC-INRAe 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascale Mosoni
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe M Courtin
- KU Leuven, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry & Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Plekhova V, De Paepe E, Van Renterghem K, Van Winckel M, Hemeryck LY, Vanhaecke L. Disparities in the gut metabolome of post-operative Hirschsprung's disease patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16167. [PMID: 34373532 PMCID: PMC8352975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is a congenital structural abnormality of the colon seen in approximately 1 to 5000 live births. Despite surgical correction shortly after presentation, up to 60% of patients will express long-term gastrointestinal complaints, including potentially life-threatening Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC). In this study fecal samples from postoperative HD patients (n = 38) and their healthy siblings (n = 21) were analysed using high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry aiming to further unravel the nature of the chronic gastrointestinal disturbances. Furthermore, within the patient group, we compared the faecal metabolome between patients with and without a history of HAEC as well as those diagnosed with short or long aganglionic segment. Targeted analysis identified several individual metabolites characteristic for all HD patients as well as those with a history of HAEC and long segment HD. Moreover, multivariate models based on untargeted data established statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences in comprehensive faecal metabolome in the patients' cohort as a whole and in patients with a history of HAEC. Pathway analysis revealed the most impact on amino sugar, lysine, sialic acid, hyaluronan and heparan sulphate metabolism in HD, as well as impaired tyrosine metabolism in HAEC group. Those changes imply disruption of intestinal mucosal barrier due to glycosaminoglycan breakdown and dysbiosis as major metabolic changes in patients' group and should be further explored for potential diagnostic or treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Plekhova
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Paepe
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Katrien Van Renterghem
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Myriam Van Winckel
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieselot Y Hemeryck
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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Jahnes BC, Poudel K, Staats AM, Sabree ZL. Microbial colonization promotes model cockroach gut tissue growth and development. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 133:104274. [PMID: 34216600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digestive tissues are essential for diet processing and nutrient accessibility, especially in omnivores, and these functions occur despite and in collaboration with dynamic microbial communities that reside within and upon these tissues. Prolonged host development and reduced digestive tissue sizes have been observed in germ-free animals, and normal host phenotypes were recovered following the re-introduction of typical gut microbiomes via coprophagy. RESULTS High-resolution histological analyses of Periplaneta americana cockroach digestive tissues revealed that total prevention of microbial colonization of the gut had severe impacts on the growth and development of gut tissues, especially the posterior midgut and anterior hindgut subcompartments that are expected to be colonized and inhabited by the greatest number of bacteria. Juveniles that were briefly exposed to normal gut microbiota exhibited a partial gut morphological recovery, suggesting that a single inoculation was insufficient. These data highlight gut microbiota as integral to normal growth and development of tissues they are in direct contact with and, more broadly, the organism in which they reside. CONCLUSIONS We draw on these data, host life history traits (i.e. multigenerational cohousing, molting, and filial coprophagy and exuvia feeding), and previous studies to suggest a host developmental model in which gut tissues reflect a conflict-collaboration dynamic where 1) nutrient-absorptive anterior midgut tissues are in competition with transient and resident bacteria for easily assimilable dietary nutrients and whose growth is least-affected by the presence of gut bacteria and 2) posterior midgut, anterior hindgut, and to a lesser degree, posterior hindgut tissues are significantly impacted by gut bacterial presence because they are occupied by the greatest number of bacteria and the host is relying upon, and thus collaborating with, them to assist with complex polysaccharide catabolism processing and nutrient provisioning (i.e. short-chain fatty acids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Jahnes
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Keyshap Poudel
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amelia M Staats
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zakee L Sabree
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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