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Ceconi M, Ariën KK, Delputte P. Diagnosing arthropod-borne flaviviruses: non-structural protein 1 (NS1) as a biomarker. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:678-696. [PMID: 38135616 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the presence of flaviviruses of concern for human health in Europe has drastically increased,exacerbated by the effects of climate change - which has allowed the vectors of these viruses to expand into new territories. Co-circulation of West Nile virus (WNV), Usutu virus (USUV), and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) represents a threat to the European continent, and this is further complicated by the difficulty of obtaining an early and discriminating diagnosis of infection. Moreover, the possibility of introducing non-endemic pathogens, such as Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), further complicates accurate diagnosis. Current flavivirus diagnosis is based mainly on RT-PCR and detection of virus-specific antibodies. Yet, both techniques suffer from limitations, and the development of new assays that can provide an early, rapid, low-cost, and discriminating diagnosis of viral infection is warranted. In the pursuit of ideal diagnostic assays, flavivirus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) serves as an excellent target for developing diagnostic assays based on both the antigen itself and the antibodies produced against it. This review describes the potential of such NS1-based diagnostic methods, focusing on the application of flaviviruses that co-circulate in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ceconi
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Kevin K Ariën
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp 2000, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Peter Delputte
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium.
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Muslihati A, Septiani NLW, Gumilar G, Nugraha N, Wasisto HS, Yuliarto B. Peptide-Based Flavivirus Biosensors: From Cell Structure to Virological and Serological Detection Methods. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2041-2061. [PMID: 38526408 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
In tropical and developing countries, mosquito-borne diseases by flaviviruses pose a serious threat to public health. Early detection is critical for preventing their spread, but conventional methods are time-consuming and require skilled technicians. Biosensors have been developed to address this issue, but cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses remains a challenge. Peptides are essentially biomaterials used in diagnostics that allow virological and serological techniques to identify flavivirus selectively. This biomaterial originated as a small protein consisting of two to 50 amino acid chains. They offer flexibility in chemical modification and can be easily synthesized and applied to living cells in the engineering process. Peptides could potentially be developed as robust, low-cost, sensitive, and selective receptors for detecting flaviviruses. However, modification and selection of the receptor agents are crucial to determine the effectiveness of binding between the targets and the receptors. This paper addresses two potential peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) and affinity peptides that can detect flavivirus from another target-based biosensor as well as the potential peptide behaviors of flaviviruses. The PNAs detect flaviviruses based on the nucleotide base sequence of the target's virological profile via Watson-Crick base pairing, while the affinity peptides sense the epitope or immunological profile of the targets. Recent developments in the functionalization of peptides for flavivirus biosensors are explored in this Review by division into electrochemical, optical, and other detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atqiya Muslihati
- Doctoral Program of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- Advanced Functional Material Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 41032, Indonesia
- PT Biostark Analitika Inovasi, Bandung 40375, Indonesia
| | - Ni Luh Wulan Septiani
- Advanced Functional Material Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 41032, Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanotechnology Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek, South Tangerang 15134, Indonesia
| | - Gilang Gumilar
- Research Center for Electronics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung 40135, Indonesia
| | - Nugraha Nugraha
- Advanced Functional Material Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 41032, Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (RCNN), Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 41032, Indonesia
| | | | - Brian Yuliarto
- Advanced Functional Material Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 41032, Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (RCNN), Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 41032, Indonesia
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Pereira SH, Sá Magalhães Serafim M, Moraes TDFS, Zini N, Abrahão JS, Nogueira ML, Coelho dos Reis JGA, Bagno FF, da Fonseca FG. Design, development, and validation of multi-epitope proteins for serological diagnosis of Zika virus infections and discrimination from dengue virus seropositivity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012100. [PMID: 38635656 PMCID: PMC11025737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), an arbovirus from the Flaviviridae family, is the causative agent of Zika fever, a mild and frequent oligosymptomatic disease in humans. Nonetheless, on rare occasions, ZIKV infection can be associated with Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), and severe congenital complications, such as microcephaly. The oligosymptomatic disease, however, presents symptoms that are quite similar to those observed in infections caused by other frequent co-circulating arboviruses, including dengue virus (DENV). Moreover, the antigenic similarity between ZIKV and DENV, and even with other members of the Flaviviridae family, complicates serological testing due to the high cross-reactivity of antibodies. Here, we designed, produced in a prokaryotic expression system, and purified three multiepitope proteins (ZIKV-1, ZIKV-2, and ZIKV-3) for differential diagnosis of Zika. The proteins were evaluated as antigens in ELISA tests for the detection of anti-ZIKV IgG using ZIKV- and DENV-positive human sera. The recombinant proteins were able to bind and detect anti-ZIKV antibodies without cross-reactivity with DENV-positive sera and showed no reactivity with Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)- positive sera. ZIKV-1, ZIKV-2, and ZIKV-3 proteins presented 81.6%, 95%, and 66% sensitivity and 97%, 96%, and 84% specificity, respectively. Our results demonstrate the potential of the designed and expressed antigens in the development of specific diagnostic tests for the detection of IgG antibodies against ZIKV, especially in regions with the circulation of multiple arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samille Henriques Pereira
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mateus Sá Magalhães Serafim
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaís de Fátima Silva Moraes
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Zini
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centro de Tecnologia em Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jônatas Santos Abrahão
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maurício Lacerda Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia Fonseca Bagno
- Centro de Tecnologia em Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávio Guimarães da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Centro de Tecnologia em Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Castro-Trujillo S, Segura K, Bolívar-Marín S, Salgado DM, Bosch I, Vega R, Rojas MC, Narváez CF. NS1-Specific Antibody Response Facilitates the Identification of Children With Dengue and Zika in Hyperendemic Areas. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024; 43:178-185. [PMID: 37963312 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections by dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) have some similar symptoms and a cross-reactive immune response, although with different risk populations and outcomes. Here, we evaluated the virologic characteristics and the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1)-specific antibody responses to DENV and ZIKV in children suspected of dengue in different epidemiologic moments in Colombia. METHODS Viral RNA, circulating NS1 and IgM/IgG specific for DENV and ZIKV were performed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 301 children suspected of dengue enrolled in a hospital setting during the ZIKV epidemic and a primary healthcare setting during a DENV epidemic. For the detection of DENV and ZIKV-specific IgM, an NS1-based ELISA was validated using characterized pediatric samples. Clinical and laboratory parameters were also evaluated. RESULTS DENV RNA or NS1 antigen was detected in the plasma of 62% of children, and in none, the ZIKV RNA was found. NS1-based ELISA for DENV and ZIKV IgM showed a sensitivity/specificity of 90/84% and 73/98%, respectively. Of 114 children without detectable viremia or antigenemia, 30.7%, 17.5%, 22% and 30% were IgM-DENV + , IgM-ZIKV + , IgM-DENV + ZIKV + and IgM-DENV - ZIKV - , respectively. The ZIKV/DENV IgM-NS1 ratio allows the identification of the infecting orthoflavivirus in 88% of the children with IgM-DENV + ZIKV + , confirming a high predominance of DENV infections in the 2 pediatric settings. CONCLUSION Overall, 88% of the children with clinical suspicion of dengue had an identifiable orthoflaviviral infection, with 80% caused by DENV, 7% by ZIKV and 0.7% classified as recent infections or coinfection, demonstrating active viral cocirculation in the pediatric population of southern Colombia. The IgM-NS1 detection improved the identification of orthoflaviviral infections in children without viremia or antigenemia, suggesting it is a helpful complementary tool for medical personnel in tropical regions with high viral cocirculation and different clinical scenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Castro-Trujillo
- From the División de Inmunología, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - Katherine Segura
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Dirección Laboratorio de Salud Pública, Secretaría de Salud Departamental, Gobernación del Huila, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - Sara Bolívar-Marín
- From the División de Inmunología, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - Doris M Salgado
- Área de Pediatría, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - Irene Bosch
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rocío Vega
- Área de Pediatría, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
- Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario de Neiva, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - María Clemencia Rojas
- Dirección Laboratorio de Salud Pública, Secretaría de Salud Departamental, Gobernación del Huila, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - Carlos F Narváez
- Área de Pediatría, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
- Dirección Laboratorio de Salud Pública, Secretaría de Salud Departamental, Gobernación del Huila, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
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Ribeiro YP, Falcão LFM, Smith VC, de Sousa JR, Pagliari C, Franco ECS, Cruz ACR, Chiang JO, Martins LC, Nunes JAL, Vilacoert FSDS, Santos LCD, Furlaneto MP, Fuzii HT, Bertonsin Filho MV, da Costa LD, Duarte MIS, Furlaneto IP, Martins Filho AJ, Aarão TLDS, Vasconcelos PFDC, Quaresma JAS. Comparative Analysis of Human Hepatic Lesions in Dengue, Yellow Fever, and Chikungunya: Revisiting Histopathological Changes in the Light of Modern Knowledge of Cell Pathology. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050680. [PMID: 37242350 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses, such as yellow fever virus (YFV), dengue virus (DENV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), present wide global dissemination and a pathogenic profile developed in infected individuals, from non-specific clinical conditions to severe forms, characterised by the promotion of significant lesions in different organs of the harbourer, culminating in multiple organ dysfunction. An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out via the histopathological analysis of 70 samples of liver patients, collected between 2000 and 2017, with confirmed laboratory diagnoses, who died due to infection and complications due to yellow fever (YF), dengue fever (DF), and chikungunya fever (CF), to characterise, quantify, and compare the patterns of histopathological alterations in the liver between the samples. Of the histopathological findings in the human liver samples, there was a significant difference between the control and infection groups, with a predominance of alterations in the midzonal area of the three cases analysed. Hepatic involvement in cases of YF showed a greater intensity of histopathological changes. Among the alterations evaluated, cell swelling, microvesicular steatosis, and apoptosis were classified according to the degree of tissue damage from severe to very severe. Pathological abnormalities associated with YFV, DENV, and CHIKV infections showed a predominance of changes in the midzonal area. We also noted that, among the arboviruses studied, liver involvement in cases of YFV infection was more intense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Pacheco Ribeiro
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66087-662, PA, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fabio Magno Falcão
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66087-662, PA, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cavaleiro Smith
- Section of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Jorge Rodrigues de Sousa
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66087-662, PA, Brazil
| | - Carla Pagliari
- School of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz
- Section of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Janniffer Oliveira Chiang
- Section of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Livia Carício Martins
- Section of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Juliana Abreu Lima Nunes
- Section of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Lais Carneiro Dos Santos
- Section of Pathology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Hellen Thais Fuzii
- Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Luccas Delgado da Costa
- Section of Pathology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Ismari Perini Furlaneto
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66087-662, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juarez Antônio Simões Quaresma
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66087-662, PA, Brazil
- School of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
- Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil
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Rezende TMT, Macera G, Heyndrickx L, Michiels J, Coppens S, Thibaut HJ, Dallmeier K, Van Esbroeck M, Neyts J, Ariën KK, Bartholomeeusen K. Validation of a Reporter Cell Line for Flavivirus Inhibition Assays. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0502722. [PMID: 36786659 PMCID: PMC10100686 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05027-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the validation of a new reporter cell line, Hec1a-IFNB-Luc, for use in inhibition studies of various flaviviruses relevant to human pathology. The reporter system allows the detection of viral replication after luciferase gene activation driven by an interferon beta (IFN-β) promoter. We found the reporter cell line to be highly responsive to all 10 flaviviruses tested, including the 4 dengue virus serotypes. The applicability of the Hec1a-IFNB-Luc reporter cell line for serodiagnostic purposes in neutralizing antibody assays was confirmed by comparison of its sensitivity and specificity to those of "gold-standard," clinically applied, cytopathic effect-based assays, showing comparable performances. The reporter cell line used for the assessment of viral inhibition by small-molecule antiviral compounds was also confirmed, and the sensitivity of the Hec1a-IFNB-Luc reporter cell line was compared to those from published data reporting on the activity of the antivirals in various other assays, indicating that the Hec1a-IFNB-Luc reporter cell line allowed the determination of the inhibitory capacity at least as sensitive as alternative assays. By measuring luciferase activity as a proxy for viral replication, the reporter cell line allows early detection, reducing the time to results from often 5 to 7 days to 3 days, without the need for optical inspection of cytopathic effects, which often differ between viruses and cell lines, streamlining the development of flavivirus assays. IMPORTANCE The Hec1a-IFNB-Luc reporter cell line allows the detection of all 10 flaviviruses tested, including the 4 dengue virus serotypes. Its use for serodiagnostic purposes, measuring neutralizing antibody activity in sera, and the assessment of the antiviral activities of small-molecule compounds was confirmed, and it was found to be comparable to clinically applied assays. The Hec1a-IFNB-Luc reporter cell line allows the rapid and quantitative determination of antiviral effects on multiple human pathological flaviviruses using a single protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana M. T. Rezende
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virology Unit, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gabriella Macera
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virology Unit, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Leo Heyndrickx
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virology Unit, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan Michiels
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virology Unit, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sandra Coppens
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virology Unit, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Jan Thibaut
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Translational Platform Virology and Chemotherapy (TPVC), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery (MVVD), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marjan Van Esbroeck
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Reference Lab, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery (MVVD), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin K. Ariën
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virology Unit, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Bartholomeeusen
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virology Unit, Antwerp, Belgium
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Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification-Based Microfluidic Platforms for the Detection of Viral Infections. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2022; 24:205-215. [PMID: 36341307 PMCID: PMC9628606 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-022-00790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Easy-to-use, fast, and accurate virus detection method is essential for patient management and epidemic surveillance, especially during severe pandemics. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) on a microfluidic platform is suitable for detecting infectious viruses, regardless of the availability of medical resources. The purpose of this review is to introduce LAMP-based microfluidic devices for virus detection, including their detection principles, methods, and application. Recent Findings Facing the uncontrolled spread of viruses, the large-scale deployment of LAMP-based microfluidic platforms at the grassroots level can help expand the coverage of nucleic acid testing and shorten the time to obtain test reports. Microfluidic chip technology is highly integrated and miniaturized, enabling precise fluid control for effective virus detection. Performing LAMP on miniaturized systems can reduce analysis time, reagent consumption and risk of sample contamination, and improve analytical performance. Summary Compared to traditional benchtop protocols, LAMP-based microfluidic devices reduce the testing time, reagent consumption, and the risk of sample contamination. In addition to simultaneous detection of multiple target genes by special channel design, microfluidic chips can also integrate digital LAMP to achieve absolute quantification of target genes.
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Sankar S. In silico design of a multi-epitope Chimera from Aedes aegypti salivary proteins OBP 22 and OBP 10: A promising candidate vaccine. J Vector Borne Dis 2022; 59:327-336. [PMID: 36751764 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.353271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The emergence and re-emergence of arboviruses such as dengue, Chikungunya and Zika viruses causing morbidity and mortality around the globe are of serious concern. A safe and effective vaccine is essential to control viral transmission. The salivary proteins of the mosquito that aid in blood probing, feeding and development are immunogenic. We aimed to report a multi-epitope candidate vaccine chimera from Aedes aegyptii mosquito salivary proteins OBP 22 and OBP 10 that could confer protection against all pathogens transmitted by the vector. METHODS Linear and conformation B-cell epitopes and MHC class-I and class-II binding T- cell epitopes were predicted using bioinformatic tools. Selected B- and T-cell epitopes were chosen for designing a multiepitope vaccine construct. The chimeric construct was analyzed for its immunogenicity, TAP and proteasomal cleavage, allergenicity, and structural validation for its suitability to be used as a candidate vaccine. Molecular docking was carried out to analyze the binding interactions with TLRs molecules. RESULTS A chimeric multiepitope vaccine was designed with the best-selected combination of immunogenic B-cell epitope, cytotoxic and helper T-cell and gamma interferon inducing epitopes with suitable adjuvant and linkers. The interacting residues between the candidate vaccine and the TLR molecules have been identified. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION The proposed multiepitope candidate vaccine was designed from the mosquito salivary protein OBP 22 and OBP 10. The candidate vaccine was found promising for the protection against arboviruses. Further clinical validation is warranted to prove its efficacy, safety and immunogenicity for its potential use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Sankar
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
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9
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Moreira J, Brasil P, Dittrich S, Siqueira AM. Mapping the global landscape of chikungunya rapid diagnostic tests: A scoping review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010067. [PMID: 35878158 PMCID: PMC9352193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chikungunya (CHIKV) is a reemerging arboviral disease and represents a global health threat because of the unprecedented magnitude of its spread. Diagnostics strategies rely heavily on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and antibody detection by enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are available and promise to decentralize testing and increase availability at lower healthcare system levels. Objectives We aim to identify the extent of research on CHIKV RDTs, map the global availability of CHIKV RDTs, and evaluate the accuracy of CHIKV RDTs for the diagnosis of CHIKV. Eligibility criteria We included studies reporting symptomatic individuals suspected of CHIKV, tested with CHIKV RDTs, against the comparator being a validated laboratory-based RT-PCR or ELISA assay. The primary outcome was the accuracy of the CHIKV RDT when compared with reference assays. Sources of evidence Medline, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched from inception to 13 October 2021. National regulatory agencies (European Medicines Agency, US Food and Drug Administration, and the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency) were also searched for registered CHIKV RDTs. Results Seventeen studies were included and corresponded to 3,222 samples tested with RDTs between 2005 and 2018. The most development stage of CHIKV RDTs studies was Phase I (7/17 studies) and II (7/17 studies). No studies were in Phase IV. The countries that manufacturer the most CHIKV RDTs were Brazil (n = 17), followed by the United States of America (n = 7), and India (n = 6). Neither at EMA nor FDA-registered products were found. Conversely, the ANVISA has approved 23 CHIKV RDTs. Antibody RDTs (n = 43) predominated and demonstrated sensitivity between 20% and 100%. The sensitivity of the antigen RDTs ranged from 33.3% to 100%. Conclusions The landscape of CHIKV RDTs is fragmented and needs coordinated efforts to ensure that patients in CHIKV-endemic areas have access to appropriate RDTs. Further research is crucial to determine the impact of such tests on integrated fever case management and prescription practices for acute febrile patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Moreira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doenças Febris Agudas, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Ensino & Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Patrícia Brasil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doenças Febris Agudas, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sabine Dittrich
- Malaria & Fever Department, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - André M. Siqueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doenças Febris Agudas, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Serology as a Tool to Assess Infectious Disease Landscapes and Guide Public Health Policy. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11070732. [PMID: 35889978 PMCID: PMC9323579 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the local burden and epidemiology of infectious diseases is crucial to guide public health policy and prioritize interventions. Typically, infectious disease surveillance relies on capturing clinical cases within a healthcare system, classifying cases by etiology and enumerating cases over a period of time. Disease burden is often then extrapolated to the general population. Serology (i.e., examining serum for the presence of pathogen-specific antibodies) has long been used to inform about individuals past exposure and immunity to specific pathogens. However, it has been underutilized as a tool to evaluate the infectious disease burden landscape at the population level and guide public health decisions. In this review, we outline how serology provides a powerful tool to complement case-based surveillance for determining disease burden and epidemiology of infectious diseases, highlighting its benefits and limitations. We describe the current serology-based technologies and illustrate their use with examples from both the pre- and post- COVID-19-pandemic context. In particular, we review the challenges to and opportunities in implementing serological surveillance in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), which bear the brunt of the global infectious disease burden. Finally, we discuss the relevance of serology data for public health decision-making and describe scenarios in which this data could be used, either independently or in conjunction with case-based surveillance. We conclude that public health systems would greatly benefit from the inclusion of serology to supplement and strengthen existing case-based infectious disease surveillance strategies.
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11
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Madzokere ET, Qian W, Webster JA, Walker DMH, Lim EXY, Harley D, Herrero LJ. Human Seroprevalence for Dengue, Ross River, and Barmah Forest viruses in Australia and the Pacific: A systematic review spanning seven decades. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010314. [PMID: 35486651 PMCID: PMC9094520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Dengue (DENV), Ross River (RRV) and Barmah Forest viruses (BFV) are the most common human arboviral infections in Australia and the Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs) and are associated with debilitating symptoms. All are nationally notifiable in Australia, but routine surveillance is limited to a few locations in the PICTs. Understanding the level of human exposure to these viruses can inform disease management and mitigation strategies. To assess the historic and current seroprevalence of DENV, RRV and BFV in Australia and the PICTs we conducted a systematic literature review of all published quantitative serosurveys.
Methodology and principal findings
The Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses procedures were adopted to produce a protocol to systematically search for published studies reporting the seroprevalence of DENV, RRV and BFV in Australia and the PICTs. Data for author, research year, location, study population, serosurvey methods and positive tests were extracted. A total of 41 papers, reporting 78 serosurveys of DENV, RRV and BFV including 62,327 samples met the inclusion criteria for this review. Seroprevalence varied depending on the assay used, strategy of sample collection and location of the study population. Significant differences were observed in reported seropositivity depending on the sample collection strategy with clinically targeted sampling reporting the highest seroprevalence across all three viruses. Non-stratified seroprevalence showed wide ranges in reported positivity with DENV 0.0% – 95.6%, RRV 0.0% – 100.0%, and BFV 0.3% – 12.5%. We discuss some of the causes of variation including serological methods used, selection bias in sample collection including clinical or environmental associations, and location of study site. We consider the extent to which serosurveys reflect the epidemiology of the viruses and provide broad recommendations regarding the conduct and reporting of arbovirus serosurveys.
Conclusions and significance
Human serosurveys provide important information on the extent of human exposure to arboviruses across: (1) time, (2) place, and (3) person (e.g., age, gender, clinical presentation etc). Interpreting results obtained at these scales has the potential to inform us about transmission cycles, improve diagnostic surveillance, and mitigate future outbreaks. Future research should streamline methods and reduce bias to allow a better understanding of the burden of these diseases and the factors associated with seroprevalence. Greater consideration should be given to the interpretation of seroprevalence in studies, and increased rigour applied in linking seroprevalence to transmission dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene T. Madzokere
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Australia
| | - Wei Qian
- Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Julie A. Webster
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Daniel M. H. Walker
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Australia
| | - Elisa X. Y. Lim
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Australia
| | - David Harley
- Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lara J. Herrero
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Australia
- * E-mail:
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12
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de Oliveira Figueiredo P, Stoffella-Dutra AG, Costa GB, de Oliveira JS, Amaral CD, Alves PA, Filho JDA, Paz GF, Tonelli GB, Kroon EG, Drumond BP, Paglia AP, de Oliveira DB, de Souza Trindade G. Absence of yellow fever virus circulation in wildlife rodents from Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:647-654. [PMID: 35133637 PMCID: PMC9151931 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF), caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), is an emerging viral zoonosis that affects humans and non-human primates (NHP). In South America, YF is naturally maintained through enzootic/sylvatic cycles involving NHPs and mosquitoes (Haemagogus and Sabethes). In this study, we retrospectively analyzed wildlife rodents to better understand their role in a potential alternative YF sylvatic cycle. The plaque reduction neutralization test was performed to detect anti-YFV antibodies, while qPCR targeting the NS5 region of flaviviruses and standard PCR targeting the CprM region were applied to detect YFV RNA in tissue and blood samples. YFV was not evidenced in any of the tested samples. These findings provide additional information regarding sylvatic YFV and emphasize the importance of YFV surveillance in wild animals as potential reservoirs/hosts given the well-established enzootic cycle in the studied areas, mainly in the Atlantic Forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poliana de Oliveira Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Gabriella Stoffella-Dutra
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Galileu Barbosa Costa
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil.
| | - Jaqueline Silva de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Carolina Dourado Amaral
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto Alves
- Grupo de Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Fontes Paz
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Barbosa Tonelli
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Erna Geessien Kroon
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Betânia Paiva Drumond
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Adriano Pereira Paglia
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Danilo Bretas de Oliveira
- Centro Integrado de Pesquisa em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Giliane de Souza Trindade
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
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13
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Mubemba B, Mburu MM, Changula K, Muleya W, Moonga LC, Chambaro HM, Kajihara M, Qiu Y, Orba Y, Hayashida K, Sutcliffe CG, Norris DE, Thuma PE, Ndubani P, Chitanga S, Sawa H, Takada A, Simulundu E. Current knowledge of vector-borne zoonotic pathogens in Zambia: A clarion call to scaling-up "One Health" research in the wake of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010193. [PMID: 35120135 PMCID: PMC8849493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although vector-borne zoonotic diseases are a major public health threat globally, they are usually neglected, especially among resource-constrained countries, including those in sub-Saharan Africa. This scoping review examined the current knowledge and identified research gaps of vector-borne zoonotic pathogens in Zambia. Methods and findings Major scientific databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, CABI, Scientific Information Database (SID)) were searched for articles describing vector-borne (mosquitoes, ticks, fleas and tsetse flies) zoonotic pathogens in Zambia. Several mosquito-borne arboviruses have been reported including Yellow fever, Ntaya, Mayaro, Dengue, Zika, West Nile, Chikungunya, Sindbis, and Rift Valley fever viruses. Flea-borne zoonotic pathogens reported include Yersinia pestis and Rickettsia felis. Trypanosoma sp. was the only tsetse fly-borne pathogen identified. Further, tick-borne zoonotic pathogens reported included Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever virus, Rickettsia sp., Anaplasma sp., Ehrlichia sp., Borrelia sp., and Coxiella burnetii. Conclusions This study revealed the presence of many vector-borne zoonotic pathogens circulating in vectors and animals in Zambia. Though reports of human clinical cases were limited, several serological studies provided considerable evidence of zoonotic transmission of vector-borne pathogens in humans. However, the disease burden in humans attributable to vector-borne zoonotic infections could not be ascertained from the available reports and this precludes the formulation of national policies that could help in the control and mitigation of the impact of these diseases in Zambia. Therefore, there is an urgent need to scale-up “One Health” research in emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases to enable the country to prepare for future epidemics, including pandemics. Despite vector-borne zoonoses being a major public health threat globally, they are often overlooked, particularly among resource-constrained countries in sub-Saharan Africa, including Zambia. Therefore, we reviewed the current knowledge and identified research gaps of vector-borne zoonotic pathogens in Zambia. We focussed on mosquito-, tick-, flea- and tsetse fly-borne zoonotic pathogens reported in the country. Although we found evidence of circulation of several vector-borne zoonotic pathogens among vectors, animals and humans, clinical cases in humans were rarely reported. This suggests sparse capacity for diagnosis of vector-borne pathogens in healthcare facilities in the country and possibly limited awareness and knowledge of the local epidemiology of these infectious agents. Establishment of facility-based surveillance of vector-borne zoonoses in health facilities could provide valuable insights on morbidity, disease severity, and mortalities associated with infections as well as immune responses. In addition, there is also need for increased genomic surveillance of vector-borne pathogens in vectors and animals and humans for a better understanding of the molecular epidemiology of these diseases in Zambia. Furthermore, vector ecology studies aimed at understanding the drivers of vector abundance, pathogen host range (i.e., including the range of vectors and reservoirs), parasite-host interactions and factors influencing frequency of human-vector contacts should be prioritized. The study revealed the need for Zambia to scale-up One Health research in emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases to enable the country to be better prepared for future epidemics, including pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mubemba
- Department of Wildlife Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia
| | | | - Katendi Changula
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Walter Muleya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Lavel C. Moonga
- Division of Collaboration and Education, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Herman M. Chambaro
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yongjin Qiu
- Division of International Research Promotion, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hayashida
- Division of Collaboration and Education, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Catherine G. Sutcliffe
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Douglas E. Norris
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | | | - Simbarashe Chitanga
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of International Research Promotion, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- * E-mail: (AT); (ES)
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- * E-mail: (AT); (ES)
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14
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Russell TL, Horwood PF, Harrington H, Apairamo A, Kama NJ, Bobogare A, MacLaren D, Burkot TR. Seroprevalence of dengue, Zika, chikungunya and Ross River viruses across the Solomon Islands. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0009848. [PMID: 35143495 PMCID: PMC8865700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Across the Pacific, and including in the Solomon Islands, outbreaks of arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika are increasing in frequency, scale and impact. Outbreaks of mosquito-borne disease have the potential to overwhelm the health systems of small island nations. This study mapped the seroprevalence of dengue, Zika, chikungunya and Ross River viruses in 5 study sites in the Solomon Islands. Serum samples from 1,021 participants were analysed by ELISA. Overall, 56% of participants were flavivirus-seropositive for dengue (28%), Zika (1%) or both flaviviruses (27%); and 53% of participants were alphavirus-seropositive for chikungunya (3%), Ross River virus (31%) or both alphaviruses (18%). Seroprevalence for both flaviviruses and alphaviruses varied by village and age of the participant. The most prevalent arboviruses in the Solomon Islands were dengue and Ross River virus. The high seroprevalence of dengue suggests that herd immunity may be a driver of dengue outbreak dynamics in the Solomon Islands. Despite being undetected prior to this survey, serology results suggest that Ross River virus transmission is endemic. There is a real need to increase the diagnostic capacities for each of the arboviruses to support effective case management and to provide timely information to inform vector control efforts and other outbreak mitigation interventions. The occurrence of arboviruses is increasing and causing significant impacts on human health. This is of high concern in small Pacific island nations where fragile health systems are regularly overwhelmed by disease outbreaks. To effectively prevent and control disease transmission there is a need to understand which viruses have been in circulation. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of residents from 5 study sites distributed across the Solomon Islands. The serum samples were tested for antibodies that indicate prior infection for four arboviruses. We found evidence that the residents of the Solomon Islands have been exposed to substantial transmission of dengue and Ross River viruses, with lower levels of Zika and chikungunya transmission. Two large dengue outbreaks have been recently experienced and the outbreak pattern suggests that natural herd immunity may still be a driver of dengue outbreak dynamics in the Solomon Islands. Regarding Ross River virus, transmission is endemic despite being undetected prior to this survey. There is a real need to increase the capacity to accurately diagnose each of these arboviruses to support effective case management and to provide timely information to inform vector control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya L. Russell
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul F. Horwood
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Humpress Harrington
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
- Atoifi College of Nursing, Atoifi Adventist Hospital, Atoifi, Malaita, Solomon Islands
| | - Allan Apairamo
- National Vector Borne Disease Control Program, Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | - Nathan J. Kama
- National Vector Borne Disease Control Program, Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | - Albino Bobogare
- National Vector Borne Disease Control Program, Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | - David MacLaren
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Thomas R. Burkot
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
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15
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Falconi-Agapito F, Kerkhof K, Merino X, Bakokimi D, Torres F, Van Esbroeck M, Talledo M, Ariën KK. Peptide Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Dengue Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:793882. [PMID: 35154111 PMCID: PMC8826428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.793882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a world with an increasing population at risk of exposure to arthropod-borne flaviviruses, access to timely and accurate diagnostic tests would impact profoundly on the management of cases. Twenty peptides previously identified using a flavivirus proteome-wide microarray were evaluated to determine their discriminatory potential to detect dengue virus (DENV) infection. This included nine peptides recognized by IgM antibodies (PM peptides) and 11 peptides recognized by IgG antibodies (PG peptides). A bead-based multiplex peptide immunoassay (MPIA) using the Luminex technology was set-up to determine Ab binding levels to each of these peptides in a panel of 323 carefully selected human serum samples. Sera are derived from individuals either infected with different viruses, namely, the four DENV serotypes, Zika virus (ZIKV), yellow fever virus (YFV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or receiving vaccination against YFV, tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Additionally, a set of healthy controls were included. We targeted a minimum specificity of 80% for all the analysis. The PG-9 peptide had the best sensitivity (73%) when testing DENV sera from acute patients (A-DENV; <8 days since symptom onset). With sera from convalescent DENV patients (C-DENV; >10 days since symptom onset) the FPG-1 peptide was the best seromarker with a sensitivity of 86%. When combining all A-DENV and C-DENV samples, peptides PM-22 and FPG-1 had the best-diagnostic performance with a sensitivity of 60 and 61.1%, and areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.7865 and 0.8131, respectively. A Random forest (RF) algorithm was used to select the best combination of peptides to classify DENV infection at a targeted specificity >80%. The best RF model for PM peptides that included A-DENV and C-DENV samples, reached a sensitivity of 72.3%, while for PG peptides, the best RF models for A-DENV only, C-DENV only and A-DENV + C-DENV reached a sensitivity of 88.9%, 89.1%, and 88.3%, respectively. In conclusion, the combination of multiple peptides constitutes a founding set of seromarkers for the discrimination of DENV infected individuals from other flavivirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Falconi-Agapito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Virology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Karen Kerkhof
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Xiomara Merino
- Virology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Diana Bakokimi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Marjan Van Esbroeck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, National Reference Center for Arboviruses, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michael Talledo
- Virology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Kevin K. Ariën
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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16
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Falconi-Agapito F, Kerkhof K, Merino X, Michiels J, Van Esbroeck M, Bartholomeeusen K, Talledo M, Ariën KK. Dynamics of the Magnitude, Breadth and Depth of the Antibody Response at Epitope Level Following Dengue Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686691. [PMID: 34290707 PMCID: PMC8289389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a major public health problem in tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide. Since the Zika epidemic and the increased co-circulation of other arboviruses, the serology-based diagnosis of dengue has become more problematic due to the high antigenic resemblance, especially among the flavivirus family. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of the diversity, specificity and temporal evolution of the antibody response following dengue infection is needed. In order to close this knowledge gap, we used a high-density peptide microarray of 9,072 linear peptides covering the entire proteome diversity of dengue, Zika, yellow fever and chikungunya viruses. The IgM and IgG antibody responses were measured against the designed microarray in symptomatic dengue infected individuals from an arbovirus endemic area in Peru and in overseas travelers returning to Belgium, as representatives of multiple-exposed and primary infections, respectively. Serum samples were collected longitudinally across four time points over the period of six months in Peru and over two time points in travelers. We show that epitopes eliciting the strongest flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies, in both primary and secondary infections were concentrated in the capsid, E, NS1, NS3 and NS5 proteins. The IgG antibody responses against NS1 and NS3 followed a rise-and-fall pattern, with peak titers between two to four weeks after onset of illness. The response to the E and NS5 proteins increased rapidly in the acute phase and was maintained at stable levels until at least 6 months after illness. A more scattered IgM antibody reactivity across the viral proteome was observed in the acute phase of the disease and that persisted through the 6-month window. The magnitude, breadth (i.e. number of unique epitopes targeted) and depth (i.e. number of epitope variants recognized) of the IgG response was higher in secondary infections compared to primary infections. For IgM antibodies, the magnitude of the response was higher in primary infected individuals whereas the breadth and depth of the response was lower in this group compared with the endemic subjects. Finally, through this arboviral proteome-wide epitope mapping, we were able to identify IgM and IgG dengue-specific epitopes which can be useful serological markers for dengue diagnosis and serostatus determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Falconi-Agapito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Virology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Karen Kerkhof
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Xiomara Merino
- Virology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Johan Michiels
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marjan Van Esbroeck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, National Reference Center for Arboviruses, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Bartholomeeusen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michael Talledo
- Virology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Kevin K. Ariën
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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17
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Kabir MA, Zilouchian H, Younas MA, Asghar W. Dengue Detection: Advances in Diagnostic Tools from Conventional Technology to Point of Care. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:206. [PMID: 34201849 PMCID: PMC8301808 DOI: 10.3390/bios11070206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The dengue virus (DENV) is a vector-borne flavivirus that infects around 390 million individuals each year with 2.5 billion being in danger. Having access to testing is paramount in preventing future infections and receiving adequate treatment. Currently, there are numerous conventional methods for DENV testing, such as NS1 based antigen testing, IgM/IgG antibody testing, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). In addition, novel methods are emerging that can cut both cost and time. Such methods can be effective in rural and low-income areas throughout the world. In this paper, we discuss the structural evolution of the virus followed by a comprehensive review of current dengue detection strategies and methods that are being developed or commercialized. We also discuss the state of art biosensing technologies, evaluated their performance and outline strategies to address challenges posed by the disease. Further, we outline future guidelines for the improved usage of diagnostic tools during recurrence or future outbreaks of DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Alamgir Kabir
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; (M.A.K.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Hussein Zilouchian
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; (M.A.K.); (H.Z.)
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | | | - Waseem Asghar
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; (M.A.K.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences (Courtesy Appointment), Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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18
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Stiasny K, Malafa S, Aberle SW, Medits I, Tsouchnikas G, Aberle JH, Holzmann H, Heinz FX. Different Cross-Reactivities of IgM Responses in Dengue, Zika and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Infections. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040596. [PMID: 33807442 PMCID: PMC8066087 DOI: 10.3390/v13040596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses circulate worldwide and cause a number of medically relevant human diseases, such as dengue, Zika, yellow fever, and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). Serology plays an important role in the diagnosis of flavivirus infections, but can be impeded by antigenic cross-reactivities among flaviviruses. Therefore, serological diagnosis of a recent infection can be insufficiently specific, especially in areas where flaviviruses co-circulate and/or vaccination coverage against certain flaviviruses is high. In this study, we developed a new IgM assay format, which is well suited for the specific diagnosis of TBE, Zika and dengue virus infections. In the case of TBE and Zika, the IgM response proved to be highly specific for the infecting virus. In contrast, primary dengue virus infections induced substantial amounts of cross-reactive IgM antibodies, which is most likely explained by structural peculiarities of dengue virus particles. Despite the presence of cross-reactive IgM, the standardized nature and the quantitative read-out of the assay even allowed the serotype-specific diagnosis of recent dengue virus infections in most instances.
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Oidtman RJ, España G, Perkins TA. Co-circulation and misdiagnosis led to underestimation of the 2015-2017 Zika epidemic in the Americas. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009208. [PMID: 33647014 PMCID: PMC7951986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the 2015-2017 Zika epidemic, dengue and chikungunya-two other viral diseases with the same vector as Zika-were also in circulation. Clinical presentation of these diseases can vary from person to person in terms of symptoms and severity, making it difficult to differentially diagnose them. Under these circumstances, it is possible that numerous cases of Zika could have been misdiagnosed as dengue or chikungunya, or vice versa. Given the importance of surveillance data for informing epidemiological analyses, our aim was to quantify the potential extent of misdiagnosis during this epidemic. Using basic principles of probability and empirical estimates of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, we generated revised estimates of reported cases of Zika that accounted for the accuracy of diagnoses made on the basis of clinical presentation with or without laboratory confirmation. Applying this method to weekly reported case data from 43 countries throughout Latin America and the Caribbean, we estimated that 944,700 (95% CrI: 884,900-996,400) Zika cases occurred when assuming all confirmed cases were diagnosed using molecular methods versus 608,400 (95% CrI: 442,000-821,800) Zika cases that occurred when assuming all confirmed cases were diagnosed using serological methods. Our results imply that misdiagnosis was more common in countries with proportionally higher reported cases of dengue and chikungunya, such as Brazil. Given that Zika, dengue, and chikungunya appear likely to co-circulate in the Americas and elsewhere for years to come, our methodology has the potential to enhance the interpretation of passive surveillance data for these diseases going forward. Likewise, our methodology could also be used to help resolve transmission dynamics of other co-circulating diseases with similarities in symptomatology and potential for misdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J. Oidtman
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Guido España
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - T. Alex Perkins
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
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Raulino R, Thaurignac G, Butel C, Villabona-Arenas CJ, Foe T, Loul S, Ndimbo-Kumugo SP, Mbala-Kingebeni P, Makiala-Mandanda S, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Kerkhof K, Delaporte E, Ariën KK, Foulongne V, Mpoudi Ngole E, Peeters M, Ayouba A. Multiplex detection of antibodies to Chikungunya, O'nyong-nyong, Zika, Dengue, West Nile and Usutu viruses in diverse non-human primate species from Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of Congo. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009028. [PMID: 33476338 PMCID: PMC7853492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemic arbovirus transmission occurs among humans by mosquito bites and the sylvatic transmission cycles involving non-human primates (NHPs) still exists. However, limited data are available on the extent in NHPs infections and their role. In this study, we have developed and validated a high-throughput serological screening tool to study the circulation of multiple arboviruses that represent a significant threat to human health, in NHPs in Central Africa. Methodology/Principal findings Recombinant proteins NS1, envelope domain-3 (DIII) for the dengue (DENV), yellow fever (YFV), usutu (USUV), west nile (WNV) and zika (ZIKV) and envelope 2 for the chikungunya (CHIKV) and o'nyong-nyong (ONNV) were coupled to Luminex beads to detect IgG directed against these viruses. Evaluation of test performance was made using 161 human sera of known arboviral status (66 negative and 95 positive). The sensitivity and specificity of each antigen were determined by statistical methods and ROC curves (except for ONNV and USUV). All NS1 antigens (except NS1-YFV), CHIKV-E2 and WNV-DIII had sensitivities and specificities > 95%. For the other DIII antigens, the sensitivity was low, limiting the interest of their use for seroprevalence studies. Few simultaneous reactions were observed between the CHIKV+ samples and the NS1 antigens to the non-CHIKV arboviruses. On the other hand, the DENV+ samples crossed-reacted with NS1 of all the DENV serotypes (1 to 4), as well as with ZIKV, USUV and to a lesser extent with YFV. A total of 3,518 samples of 29 species of NHPs from Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) were tested against NS1 (except YFV), E2 (CHIKV/ONNV) and DIII (WNV) antigens. In monkeys (n = 2,100), the global prevalence varied between 2 and 5% for the ten antigens tested. When we stratified by monkey’s biotope, the arboreal species showed the highest reactivity. In monkeys from Cameroon, the highest IgG prevalence were observed against ONNV-E2 and DENV2-NS1 with 3.95% and 3.40% respectively and in DRC, ONNV-E2 (6.63%) and WNV-NS1 (4.42%). Overall prevalence was low in apes (n = 1,418): ranging from 0% for USUV-NS1 to 2.6% for CHIKV-E2. However, a very large disparity was observed among collection site and ape species, e.g. 18% (9/40) and 8.2% (4/49) of gorillas were reactive with CHIKV-E2 or WNV-NS1, respectively in two different sites in Cameroon. Conclusions/Significance We have developed a serological assay based on Luminex technology, with high specificity and sensitivity for simultaneous detection of antibodies to 10 antigens from 6 different arboviruses. This is the first study that evaluated on a large scale the presence of antibodies to arboviruses in NHPs to evaluate their role in sylvatic cycles. The overall low prevalence (<5%) in more than 3,500 NHPs samples from Cameroon and the DRC does not allow us to affirm that NHP are reservoirs, but rather, intermediate hosts of these viruses. In the last decades, chikungunya, zika, yellow fever, usutu and dengue viruses have (re)-emerged in different parts of the world and many of these outbreaks occur in resource-limited countries with limited or under-equipped health facilities and where endemic malaria with very similar clinical symptoms confounds surveillance. Most arboviruses that circulate today likely originated in Africa where sporadic human outbreaks occur. In this work, we developed a serological tool that allows simultaneous detection of IgG antibodies to multiple arbovirus in a biological sample. With this highly sensitive and specific multiplex assay, we screened more than 3,500 samples collected from 29 species of monkeys and apes in Africa. We found a global IgG antibody prevalence of less than 5%. However, this seroprevalence varied by collection site, NPHs species and virus type. Given these findings, we concluded that African non-human primates are most likely not the reservoirs, but rather are intermediate hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raisa Raulino
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et Maladies Infectieuses/INSERM U1175, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Thaurignac
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et Maladies Infectieuses/INSERM U1175, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Butel
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et Maladies Infectieuses/INSERM U1175, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Julian Villabona-Arenas
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et Maladies Infectieuses/INSERM U1175, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Foe
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et Maladies Infectieuses/INSERM U1175, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Severin Loul
- Centre de Recherches sur les Maladies Émergentes, Ré-émergentes et la Médecine Nucléaire, Institut de Recherches Médicales et D'études des Plantes Médicinales, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | | | | | | | - Steve Ahuka-Mundeke
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicales, Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo
| | - Karen Kerkhof
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eric Delaporte
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et Maladies Infectieuses/INSERM U1175, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Kevin K. Ariën
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vincent Foulongne
- Département de bactériologie-virologie, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Eitel Mpoudi Ngole
- Centre de Recherches sur les Maladies Émergentes, Ré-émergentes et la Médecine Nucléaire, Institut de Recherches Médicales et D'études des Plantes Médicinales, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Martine Peeters
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et Maladies Infectieuses/INSERM U1175, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Ahidjo Ayouba
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et Maladies Infectieuses/INSERM U1175, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et Université de Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Domestic arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are single-stranded RNA viruses, the most common of which include the mosquito-borne West Nile virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, La Crosse virus, Jamestown Canyon virus, and eastern equine encephalitis virus, as well as the tick-borne Powassan virus. Previously considered rare infections, they have been detected with increasing frequency over the past 2 decades. Here, we present an overview of the domestic arboviruses listed above and describe the modalities employed to diagnose infection. Global arboviruses, including dengue virus, Zika virus, and chikungunya virus, have also been increasingly detected in the United States within the last 5 years but are not a focus of this minireview. Typical manifestations of arbovirus infection range from no symptoms, to meningitis or encephalitis, to death. Serologies are the standard means of diagnosis in the laboratory, since most viruses have a short period of replication, limiting the utility of molecular tests. The interpretation of serologies is confounded by antibody cross-reactivity with viruses belonging to the same serogroup and by long-lasting antibodies from prior infections. Next-generation assays have improved performance by increasing antigen purity, selecting optimal epitopes, and improving interpretive algorithms, but challenges remain. Due to cross-reactivity, a positive first-line serology test requires confirmation by either a plaque reduction neutralization test or detection of seroconversion or a 4-fold rise in virus-specific IgM or IgG antibody titers from acute- and convalescent-phase sera. The use of molecular diagnostics, such as reverse transcription PCR or unbiased metagenomic sequencing, is limited to the minority of patients who present with ongoing viremia or central nervous system replication. With the continued expansion of vector range, the diagnosis of domestic arboviruses will become an increasingly important task for generalists and specialists alike.
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Lecomte E, Laureys G, Verbeke F, Domingo Carrasco C, Van Esbroeck M, Huits R. A clinician's perspective on yellow fever vaccine-associated neurotropic disease. J Travel Med 2020; 27:5910428. [PMID: 32965473 PMCID: PMC7649383 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) causes high fever, liver dysfunction, renal failure, hypercoagulopathy and platelet dysfunction and can lead to shock and death with a case-fatality ratio of 20-50%. YF vaccination results in long-lasting protective immunity. Serious adverse events (SAEs), such as YF vaccine-associated neurotropic disease (YEL-AND) are rare. We present a case of a 56-year-old Caucasian man with fever, headache, cognitive problems at the emergency department. He received a primary YF vaccination 4 weeks prior to symptom onset. Cerebrospinal fluid tested positive (POS) for YF virus by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and confirmed diagnosis of YEL-AND. The patient recovered with symptomatic treatment. We reviewed published clinical reports on YEL-AND indexed for MEDLINE. We identified and analyzed 53 case reports. Forty-five patients were male and eight were female. Twenty-nine cases met criteria for definite YEL-AND and twenty-four for suspected YEL-AND according to YF Vaccine Safety Working Group. We applied the Brighton Collaboration diagnostic criteria to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the clinical diagnoses and found meningoencephalitis in 38 reported YEL-AND cases, Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS) in seven, Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in six and myelitis in five. Thirty-five patients recovered or improved; however, not all cases had a complete follow-up. The prognosis of YEL-AND presenting with GBS, ADEM or myelitis was poor. Fourteen patients received therapy (corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins and/or plasmapheresis). In conclusion, YF vaccine-associated neurotropic disease is a very rare but SAE after YF vaccination. We described a case of YEL-AND and propose a standardized clinical workup of this condition based on a review of the literature. Centralized registration of complications of YF vaccination is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elien Lecomte
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ghent, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Laureys
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ghent, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederick Verbeke
- Department of Clinical Biology, University Hospital of Ghent, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cristina Domingo Carrasco
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Highly Pathogenic Viruses- ZBS-1, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraβe 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marjan Van Esbroeck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Kronenburgstraat 43, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ralph Huits
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Kronenburgstraat 43, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
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