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Joosten SCM, Wiersinga WJ, Poll TVD. Dysregulation of Host-Pathogen Interactions in Sepsis: Host-Related Factors. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2024. [PMID: 38950605 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1787554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis stands as a prominent contributor to sickness and death on a global scale. The most current consensus definition characterizes sepsis as a life-threatening organ dysfunction stemming from an imbalanced host response to infection. This definition does not capture the intricate array of immune processes at play in sepsis, marked by simultaneous states of heightened inflammation and immune suppression. This overview delves into the immune-related processes of sepsis, elaborating about mechanisms involved in hyperinflammation and immune suppression. Moreover, we discuss stratification of patients with sepsis based on their immune profiles and how this could impact future sepsis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan C M Joosten
- Centre for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem J Wiersinga
- Centre for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Centre for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Kulkarni DH, Starick M, Aponte Alburquerque R, Kulkarni HS. Local complement activation and modulation in mucosal immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00047-3. [PMID: 38838816 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The complement system is an evolutionarily conserved arm of innate immunity, which forms one of the first lines of host response to pathogens and assists in the clearance of debris. A deficiency in key activators/amplifiers of the cascade results in recurrent infection, whereas a deficiency in regulating the cascade predisposes to accelerated organ failure, as observed in colitis and transplant rejection. Given that there are over 60 proteins in this system, it has become an attractive target for immunotherapeutics, many of which are United States Food and Drug Administration-approved or in multiple phase 2/3 clinical trials. Moreover, there have been key advances in the last few years in the understanding of how the complement system operates locally in tissues, independent of its activities in circulation. In this review, we will put into perspective the abovementioned discoveries to optimally modulate the spatiotemporal nature of complement activation and regulation at mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesha H Kulkarni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marick Starick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rafael Aponte Alburquerque
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hrishikesh S Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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3
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Kesarwani V, Bukhari MH, Kahlenberg JM, Wang S. Urinary complement biomarkers in immune-mediated kidney diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1357869. [PMID: 38895123 PMCID: PMC11184941 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1357869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The complement system, an important part of the innate system, is known to play a central role in many immune mediated kidney diseases. All parts of the complement system including the classical, alternative, and mannose-binding lectin pathways have been implicated in complement-mediated kidney injury. Although complement components are thought to be mainly synthesized in the liver and activated in the circulation, emerging data suggest that complement is synthesized and activated inside the kidney leading to direct injury. Urinary complement biomarkers are likely a better reflection of inflammation within the kidneys as compared to traditional serum complement biomarkers which may be influenced by systemic inflammation. In addition, urinary complement biomarkers have the advantage of being non-invasive and easily accessible. With the rise of therapies targeting the complement pathways, there is a critical need to better understand the role of complement in kidney diseases and to develop reliable and non-invasive biomarkers to assess disease activity, predict treatment response and guide therapeutic interventions. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on urinary complement biomarkers of kidney diseases due to immune complex deposition (lupus nephritis, primary membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy) and due to activation of the alternative pathway (C3 glomerulopathy, thrombotic microangiography, ANCA-associated vasculitis). We also address the limitations of current research and propose future directions for the discovery of urinary complement biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vartika Kesarwani
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Muhammad Hamza Bukhari
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Howard County Medical Center, Columbia, MD, United States
| | - J. Michelle Kahlenberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Columbia, MI, United States
| | - Shudan Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center / Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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4
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Kulkarni HS. Hexamerization: explaining the original sin of IgG-mediated complement activation in acute lung injury. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e181137. [PMID: 38828725 PMCID: PMC11142731 DOI: 10.1172/jci181137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Although antibody-mediated lung damage is a major factor in transfusion-related acute lung injury (ALI), autoimmune lung disease (for example, coatomer subunit α [COPA] syndrome), and primary graft dysfunction following lung transplantation, the mechanism by which antigen-antibody complexes activate complement to induce lung damage remains unclear. In this issue of the JCI, Cleary and colleagues utilized several approaches to demonstrate that IgG forms hexamers with MHC class I alloantibodies. This hexamerization served as a key pathophysiological mechanism in alloimmune lung injury models and was mediated through the classical pathway of complement activation. Additionally, the authors provided avenues for exploring therapeutics for this currently hard-to-treat clinical entity that has several etiologies but a potentially focused mechanism.
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5
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Chen S, Bao J, Hu Z, Liu X, Cheng S, Zhao W, Zhao C. Porous Microspheres as Pathogen Traps for Sepsis Therapy: Capturing Active Pathogens and Alleviating Inflammatory Reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38682663 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by pathogen infection, while the current antibiotics mainly utilized in clinical practice to combat infection result in the release of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in the body. Herein, we provide an innovative strategy for controlling sepsis, namely, capturing active pathogens by means of extracorporeal blood purification. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were modified with dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (DDA) through γ-ray irradiation-induced graft polymerization to confer a positive charge. Then, CNT-DDAs are blended with polyurethane (PU) to prepare porous microspheres using the electro-spraying method. The obtained microspheres with a pore diameter of 2 μm served as pathogen traps and are termed as PU-CNT-DDA microspheres. Even at a high flow rate of 50 mL·min-1, the capture efficiencies of the PU-CNT-DDAs for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus remained 94.7% and 98.8%, respectively. This approach circumvents pathogen lysis and mortality, significantly curtails the release of PAMPs, and hampers the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, hemoperfusion using porous PU-CNT-DDAs as pathogen traps to capture active pathogens and alleviate inflammation opens a new route for sepsis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifan Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jianxu Bao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Radiation Chemistry Department, Sichuan Institute of Atomic Energy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610101, PR China
| | - Xianda Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shengjun Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Sahu SK, Maurya RK, Kulkarni HS. The Role of Complement Component C3 in Protection Against Pseudomonas Pneumonia-Induced Lung Injury. DNA Cell Biol 2024; 43:153-157. [PMID: 38324102 PMCID: PMC11002327 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2023.0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a family of proteins that facilitate immune resistance by attacking microbes to decrease pathogen burden. As a result, deficiencies of certain complement proteins result in recurrent bacterial infections, and can also result in acute lung injury (ALI). We and others have shown that C3 is present in both immune and nonimmune cells, and modulates cellular functions such as metabolism, differentiation, cytokine production, and survival. Although the emerging roles of the complement system have implications for host responses to ALI, key questions remain vis-a-vis the lung epithelium. In this review, we summarize our recent article in which we reported that during Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced ALI, lung epithelial cell-derived C3 operates independent of liver-derived C3. Specifically, we report the use of a combination of human cell culture systems and global as well as conditional knockout mouse models to demonstrate the centrality of lung epithelial cell-derived C3. We also summarize recent articles that have interrogated the role of intracellular and/or locally derived C3 in host defense. We propose that C3 is a highly attractive candidate for enhancing tissue resilience in lung injury as it facilitates the survival and function of the lung epithelium, a key cell type that promotes barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjaya K. Sahu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rahul K. Maurya
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hrishikesh S. Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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7
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Shen T, Li Y, Liu T, Lian Y, Kong L. Association between Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, high‑density lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular health (Review). Biomed Rep 2024; 20:39. [PMID: 38357242 PMCID: PMC10865299 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infection, high-density lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular disease is an emerging research area. The present review summarizes the basic characteristics of M. pneumoniae infection and its association with high-density lipoprotein and cardiovascular health. M. pneumoniae primarily invades the respiratory tract and damages the cardiovascular system through various mechanisms including adhesion, invasion, secretion of metabolites, production of autoantibodies and stimulation of cytokine production. Additionally, the present review highlights the potential role of high-density lipoprotein for the development of prevention and intervention of M. pneumoniae infection and cardiovascular disease, and provides suggestions for future research directions and clinical practice. It is urgent to explore the specific mechanisms underlying the association between M. pneumoniae infection, high-density lipoprotein metabolism, and cardiovascular disease and analyze the roles of the immune system and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
| | - Yunzhi Lian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
| | - Luke Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
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8
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Egido JE, Dekker SO, Toner-Bartelds C, Lood C, Rooijakkers SHM, Bardoel BW, Haas PJ. Human Complement Inhibits Myophages against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Viruses 2023; 15:2211. [PMID: 38005888 PMCID: PMC10674969 DOI: 10.3390/v15112211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic bacteriophages (phages) are primarily chosen based on their in vitro bacteriolytic activity. Although anti-phage antibodies are known to inhibit phage infection, the influence of other immune system components is less well known. An important anti-bacterial and anti-viral innate immune system that may interact with phages is the complement system, a cascade of proteases that recognizes and targets invading microorganisms. In this research, we aimed to study the effects of serum components such as complement on the infectivity of different phages targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We used a fluorescence-based assay to monitor the killing of P. aeruginosa by phages of different morphotypes in the presence of human serum. Our results reveal that several myophages are inhibited by serum in a concentration-dependent way, while the activity of four podophages and one siphophage tested in this study is not affected by serum. By using specific nanobodies blocking different components of the complement cascade, we showed that activation of the classical complement pathway is a driver of phage inhibition. To determine the mechanism of inhibition, we produced bioorthogonally labeled fluorescent phages to study their binding by means of microscopy and flow cytometry. We show that phage adsorption is hampered in the presence of active complement. Our results indicate that interactions with complement may affect the in vivo activity of therapeutically administered phages. A better understanding of this phenomenon is essential to optimize the design and application of therapeutic phage cocktails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Egido
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Simon O. Dekker
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Toner-Bartelds
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cédric Lood
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Centre of Microbial and Plants Genetics, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Suzan H. M. Rooijakkers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart W. Bardoel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter-Jan Haas
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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9
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Ma Y, Zhang K, Wu Y, Fu X, Liang S, Peng M, Guo J, Liu M. Revisiting the relationship between complement and ulcerative colitis. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13329. [PMID: 38441324 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disorder (IBD) characterized by relapsing chronic inflammation of the colon that causes continuous mucosal inflammation. The global incidence of UC is steadily increasing. Immune mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of UC, of which complement is shown to play a critical role by inducing local chronic inflammatory responses that promote tissue damage. However, the function of various complement components in the development of UC is complex and even paradoxical. Some components (e.g. C1q, CD46, CD55, CD59, and C6) are shown to safeguard the intestinal barrier and reduce intestinal inflammation, while others (e.g. C3, C5, C5a) can exacerbate intestinal damage and accelerate the development of UC. The complement system was originally thought to function primarily in an extracellular mode; however, recent evidence indicates that it can also act intracellularly as the complosome. The current study provides an overview of current studies on complement and its role in the development of UC. While there are few studies that describe how intracellular complement contributes to UC, we discuss potential future directions based on related publications. We also highlight novel methods that target complement for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Inflammatory Disease Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Kaicheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Inflammatory Disease Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Inflammatory Disease Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Inflammatory Disease Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shujuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Inflammatory Disease Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Meiyu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Inflammatory Disease Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Juntang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Inflammatory Disease Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Meifang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Inflammatory Disease Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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10
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Ray A, Kale SL, Ramonell RP. Bridging the Gap between Innate and Adaptive Immunity in the Lung: Summary of the Aspen Lung Conference 2022. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:266-280. [PMID: 37043828 PMCID: PMC10503303 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0057ws] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although significant strides have been made in the understanding of pulmonary immunology, much work remains to be done to comprehensively explain coordinated immune responses in the lung. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic only served to highlight the inadequacy of current models of host-pathogen interactions and reinforced the need for current and future generations of immunologists to unravel complex biological questions. As part of that effort, the 64th Annual Thomas L. Petty Aspen Lung Conference was themed "Bridging the Gap between Innate and Adaptive Immunity in the Lung" and featured exciting work from renowned immunologists. This report summarizes the proceedings of the 2022 Aspen Lung Conference, which was convened to discuss the roles played by innate and adaptive immunity in disease pathogenesis, evaluate the interface between the innate and adaptive immune responses, assess the role of adaptive immunity in the development of autoimmunity and autoimmune lung disease, discuss lessons learned from immunologic cancer treatments and approaches, and define new paradigms to harness the immune system to prevent and treat lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sagar L. Kale
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Richard P. Ramonell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
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11
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Das A, Meng W, Liu Z, Hasib MM, Galloway H, Ramos da Silva S, Chen L, Sica GL, Paniz-Mondolfi A, Bryce C, Grimes Z, Mia Sordillo E, Cordon-Cardo C, Paniagua Rivera K, Flores M, Chiu YC, Huang Y, Gao SJ. Molecular and immune signatures, and pathological trajectories of fatal COVID-19 lungs defined by in situ spatial single-cell transcriptome analysis. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29009. [PMID: 37563850 PMCID: PMC10442191 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite intensive studies during the last 3 years, the pathology and underlying molecular mechanism of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain poorly defined. In this study, we investigated the spatial single-cell molecular and cellular features of postmortem COVID-19 lung tissues using in situ sequencing (ISS). We detected 10 414 863 transcripts of 221 genes in whole-slide tissues and segmented them into 1 719 459 cells that were mapped to 18 major parenchymal and immune cell types, all of which were infected by SARS-CoV-2. Compared with the non-COVID-19 control, COVID-19 lungs exhibited reduced alveolar cells (ACs) and increased innate and adaptive immune cells. We also identified 19 differentially expressed genes in both infected and uninfected cells across the tissues, which reflected the altered cellular compositions. Spatial analysis of local infection rates revealed regions with high infection rates that were correlated with high cell densities (HIHD). The HIHD regions expressed high levels of SARS-CoV-2 entry-related factors including ACE2, FURIN, TMPRSS2 and NRP1, and co-localized with organizing pneumonia (OP) and lymphocytic and immune infiltration, which exhibited increased ACs and fibroblasts but decreased vascular endothelial cells and epithelial cells, mirroring the tissue damage and wound healing processes. Sparse nonnegative matrix factorization (SNMF) analysis of niche features identified seven signatures that captured structure and immune niches in COVID-19 tissues. Trajectory inference based on immune niche signatures defined two pathological routes. Trajectory A primarily progressed with increased NK cells and granulocytes, likely reflecting the complication of microbial infections. Trajectory B was marked by increased HIHD and OP, possibly accounting for the increased immune infiltration. The OP regions were marked by high numbers of fibroblasts expressing extremely high levels of COL1A1 and COL1A2. Examination of single-cell RNA-seq data (scRNA-seq) from COVID-19 lung tissues and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) identified similar cell populations consisting mainly of myofibroblasts. Immunofluorescence staining revealed the activation of IL6-STAT3 and TGF-β-SMAD2/3 pathways in these cells, likely mediating the upregulation of COL1A1 and COL1A2 and excessive fibrosis in the lung tissues. Together, this study provides a spatial single-cell atlas of cellular and molecular signatures of fatal COVID-19 lungs, which reveals the complex spatial cellular heterogeneity, organization, and interactions that characterized the COVID-19 lung pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Das
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wen Meng
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhentao Liu
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Md Musaddaqul Hasib
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hugh Galloway
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Suzane Ramos da Silva
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Luping Chen
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gabriel L Sica
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Clare Bryce
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zachary Grimes
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emilia Mia Sordillo
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karla Paniagua Rivera
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, KLESSE School of Engineering and Integrated Design, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mario Flores
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, KLESSE School of Engineering and Integrated Design, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yu-Chiao Chiu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yufei Huang
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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12
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Zhang S, He Y, Wu Z, Wang M, Jia R, Zhu D, Liu M, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Huang J, Ou X, Gao Q, Sun D, Zhang L, Yu Y, Chen S, Cheng A. Secretory pathways and multiple functions of nonstructural protein 1 in flavivirus infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1205002. [PMID: 37520540 PMCID: PMC10372224 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Flavivirus contains a wide variety of viruses that cause severe disease in humans, including dengue virus, yellow fever virus, Zika virus, West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus. Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a glycoprotein that encodes a 352-amino-acid polypeptide and has a molecular weight of 46-55 kDa depending on its glycosylation status. NS1 is highly conserved among multiple flaviviruses and occurs in distinct forms, including a dimeric form within the endoplasmic reticulum, a cell-associated form on the plasma membrane, or a secreted hexameric form (sNS1) trafficked to the extracellular matrix. Intracellular dimeric NS1 interacts with other NSs to participate in viral replication and virion maturation, while extracellular sNS1 plays a critical role in immune evasion, flavivirus pathogenesis and interactions with natural vectors. In this review, we provide an overview of recent research progress on flavivirus NS1, including research on the structural details, the secretory pathways in mammalian and mosquito cells and the multiple functions in viral replication, immune evasion, pathogenesis and interaction with natural hosts, drawing together the previous data to determine the properties of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senzhao Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu He
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Sun
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
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13
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Sahu SK, Ozantürk AN, Kulkarni DH, Ma L, Barve RA, Dannull L, Lu A, Starick M, McPhatter J, Garnica L, Sanfillipo-Burchman M, Kunen J, Wu X, Gelman AE, Brody SL, Atkinson JP, Kulkarni HS. Lung epithelial cell-derived C3 protects against pneumonia-induced lung injury. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eabp9547. [PMID: 36735773 PMCID: PMC10023170 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abp9547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The complement component C3 is a fundamental plasma protein for host defense, produced largely by the liver. However, recent work has demonstrated the critical importance of tissue-specific C3 expression in cell survival. Here, we analyzed the effects of local versus peripheral sources of C3 expression in a model of acute bacterial pneumonia induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Whereas mice with global C3 deficiency had severe pneumonia-induced lung injury, those deficient only in liver-derived C3 remained protected, comparable to wild-type mice. Human lung transcriptome analysis showed that secretory epithelial cells, such as club cells, express high levels of C3 mRNA. Mice with tamoxifen-induced C3 gene ablation from club cells in the lung had worse pulmonary injury compared with similarly treated controls, despite maintaining normal circulating C3 levels. Last, in both the mouse pneumonia model and cultured primary human airway epithelial cells, we showed that stress-induced death associated with C3 deficiency parallels that seen in Factor B deficiency rather than C3a receptor deficiency. Moreover, C3-mediated reduction in epithelial cell death requires alternative pathway component Factor B. Thus, our findings suggest that a pathway reliant on locally derived C3 and Factor B protects the lung mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjaya K. Sahu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Ayşe N. Ozantürk
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Devesha H. Kulkarni
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Lina Ma
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Ruteja A Barve
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Linus Dannull
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Angel Lu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Marick Starick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Ja’Nia McPhatter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Lorena Garnica
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Maxwell Sanfillipo-Burchman
- Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Jeremy Kunen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Andrew E. Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Steven L. Brody
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - John P. Atkinson
- Division of Rheumatology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Hrishikesh S. Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
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14
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King BC, Blom AM. Intracellular complement: Evidence, definitions, controversies, and solutions. Immunol Rev 2023; 313:104-119. [PMID: 36100972 PMCID: PMC10086947 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The term "intracellular complement" has been introduced recently as an umbrella term to distinguish functions of complement proteins that take place intracellularly, rather than in the extracellular environment. However, this rather undefined term leaves some confusion as to the classification of what intracellular complement really is, and as to which intracellular compartment(s) it should refer to. In this review, we will describe the evidence for both canonical and non-canonical functions of intracellular complement proteins, as well as the current controversies and unanswered questions as to the nature of the intracellular complement. We also suggest new terms to facilitate the accurate description and discussion of specific forms of intracellular complement and call for future experiments that will be required to provide more definitive evidence and a better understanding of the mechanisms of intracellular complement activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben C King
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna M Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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15
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Sharma A, Gupta S, Patil AB, Vijay N. Birth and death in terminal complement pathway. Mol Immunol 2022; 149:174-187. [PMID: 35908437 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The cytolytic activity of the membrane attack complex (MAC) is pivotal in the complement-mediated elimination of pathogens. Terminal complement pathway (TCP) genes encode the proteins that form the MAC. Although the TCP genes are well conserved within most vertebrate species, the early evolution of the TCP genes is poorly understood. Based on the comparative genomic analysis of the early evolutionary history of the TCP homologs, we evaluated four possible scenarios that could have given rise to the vertebrate TCP. Currently available genomic data support a scheme of complex sequential protein domain gains that may be responsible for the birth of the vertebrate C6 gene. The subsequent duplication and divergence of this vertebrate C6 gene formed the C7, C8α, C8β, and C9 genes. Compared to the widespread conservation of TCP components within vertebrates, we discovered that C9 has disintegrated in the genomes of galliform birds. Publicly available genome and transcriptome sequencing datasets of chicken from Illumina short read, PacBio long read, and Optical mapping technologies support the validity of the genome assembly at the C9 locus. In this study, we have generated a > 120X coverage whole-genome Chromium 10x linked-read sequencing dataset for the chicken and used it to verify the loss of the C9 gene in the chicken. We find multiple CR1 (chicken repeat 1) element insertions within and near the remnant exons of C9 in several galliform bird genomes. The reconstructed chronology of events shows that the CR1 insertions occurred after C9 gene loss in an early galliform ancestor. Loss of C9 in galliform birds, in contrast to conservation in other vertebrates, may have implications for host-pathogen interactions. Our study of C6 gene birth in an early vertebrate ancestor and C9 gene death in galliform birds provides insights into the evolution of the TCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Sharma
- Computational Evolutionary Genomics Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Saumya Gupta
- Computational Evolutionary Genomics Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ajinkya Bharatraj Patil
- Computational Evolutionary Genomics Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nagarjun Vijay
- Computational Evolutionary Genomics Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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16
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Torp MK, Ranheim T, Schjalm C, Hjorth M, Heiestad C, Dalen KT, Nilsson PH, Mollnes TE, Pischke SE, Lien E, Vaage J, Yndestad A, Stensløkken KO. Intracellular Complement Component 3 Attenuated Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Isolated Buffer-Perfused Mouse Heart and Is Associated With Improved Metabolic Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:870811. [PMID: 35432387 PMCID: PMC9011808 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is rapidly activated during myocardial infarction and blockade of extracellular complement system reduces infarct size. Intracellular complement, however, appears to be closely linked to metabolic pathways and its role in ischemia-reperfusion injury is unknown and may be different from complement activation in the circulation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of intracellular complement in isolated, retrogradely buffer-perfused hearts and cardiac cells from adult male wild type mice (WT) and from adult male mice with knockout of complement component 3 (C3KO). Main findings: (i) Intracellular C3 protein was expressed in isolated cardiomyocytes and in whole hearts, (ii) after ischemia-reperfusion injury, C3KO hearts had larger infarct size (32 ± 9% in C3KO vs. 22 ± 7% in WT; p=0.008) and impaired post-ischemic relaxation compared to WT hearts, (iii) C3KO cardiomyocytes had lower basal oxidative respiration compared to WT cardiomyocytes, (iv) blocking mTOR decreased Akt phosphorylation in WT, but not in C3KO cardiomyocytes, (v) after ischemia, WT hearts had higher levels of ATP, but lower levels of both reduced and oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH and NAD+, respectively) compared to C3KO hearts. Conclusion: intracellular C3 protected the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury, possibly due to its role in metabolic pathways important for energy production and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-K. Torp
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: M-K. Torp,
| | - T. Ranheim
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - C. Schjalm
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M. Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - C.M. Heiestad
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - K. T. Dalen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - P. H. Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, and the Department of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - T. E. Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Stiftelsen Kristian Gerhard Jebsen (K.G. Jebsen) Inflammation Research Center (IRC), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Stiftelsen Kristian Gerhard Jebsen (K.G. Jebsen) Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - S. E. Pischke
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research & Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - E. Lien
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, UMass Medical School, Worchester, MA, United States
| | - J. Vaage
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research & Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A. Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - K-O. Stensløkken
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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