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Li H, Wan X, Wu Z, Zhou Y, Chen R, Xu W, Zhang J, Yang Z, Bai L, Zhang J, Qin F, Wang L, Chen Y, Jiang L, He Y, Wang X, Wei Q, Li S, Dai Y, Chen Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Tian J, Zhao Y, Cen X. β-hydroxybutyrate reduces reinstatement of cocaine conditioned place preference through hippocampal CaMKII-α β-hydroxybutyrylation. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111724. [PMID: 36450263 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown the therapeutic effects of a ketogenic diet (KD) on epilepsy, but the effect of a KD on drug reinstatement is largely unclear. This study aims to investigate whether KD consumption possesses therapeutic potential for cocaine reinstatement and the molecular mechanism. We find that a KD significantly reduces cocaine-induced reinstatement in mice, which is accompanied by a markedly elevated level of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB), the most abundant ketone body, in the hippocampus. The underlying mechanism is that β-OHB posttranslationally modifies CaMKII-α with β-hydroxybutyrylation, resulting in significant inhibition of T286 autophosphorylation and downregulation of CaMKII activity. Collectively, our results reveal that β-hydroxybutyrylation is a posttranslational modification of CaMKII-α that plays a critical role in mediating the effect of KD consumption in reducing cocaine reinstatement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchun Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuemei Wan
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhixiang Wu
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yuanyi Zhou
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rong Chen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Xu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiamei Zhang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Histology and Imaging Platform, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Bai
- Histology and Imaging Platform, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Histology and Imaging Platform, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Feng Qin
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaxing Chen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linhong Jiang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuman He
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qingfan Wei
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shu Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanping Dai
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yonghai Wang
- Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jingwei Tian
- Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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2
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Stachowicz K. Is PSD-95 entangled in the side effects of antidepressants? Neurochem Int 2022; 159:105391. [PMID: 35817245 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PSD-95 is a component and a building block of an excitatory synapse. PSD-95 is a specialized protein that is part of a "combination lock" system responsible for plastic events at the synapse, such as receptor expression, which consequently induces changes in the PSD structure and thus affects synaptic plasticity. The possible involvement of PSD-95 in antidepressant side effects related to cognitive function and psychosis will be considered. An attempt will be made to trace the sequence of events in the proposed mechanism leading to these disorders, focusing mainly on NMDA receptors. Understanding the mechanisms of action of compounds with antidepressant potential may facilitate the design of safer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Stachowicz
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna, 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
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3
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EL KHOUSHT MM, DABBOUS AO, ABD-ELALEIM ZT, HAMDY HS. Effect of presbycusis on P3 auditory evoked potentials. OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY 2022; 72. [DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6302.22.02404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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4
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Munoz-Ballester C, Mahmutovic D, Rafiqzad Y, Korot A, Robel S. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier Triggers an Atypical Neuronal Response. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:821885. [PMID: 35250487 PMCID: PMC8894613 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.821885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild TBI (mTBI), which affects 75% of TBI survivors or more than 50 million people worldwide each year, can lead to consequences including sleep disturbances, cognitive impairment, mood swings, and post-traumatic epilepsy in a subset of patients. To interrupt the progression of these comorbidities, identifying early pathological events is key. Recent studies have shown that microbleeds, caused by mechanical impact, persist for months after mTBI and are correlated to worse mTBI outcomes. However, the impact of mTBI-induced blood-brain barrier damage on neurons is yet to be revealed. We used a well-characterized mouse model of mTBI that presents with frequent and widespread but size-restricted damage to the blood-brain barrier to assess how neurons respond to exposure of blood-borne factors in this pathological context. We used immunohistochemistry and histology to assess the expression of neuronal proteins in excitatory and inhibitory neurons after mTBI. We observed that the expression of NeuN, Parvalbumin, and CamKII was lost within minutes in areas with blood-brain barrier disruption. Yet, the neurons remained alive and could be detected using a fluorescent Nissl staining even 6 months later. A similar phenotype was observed after exposure of neurons to blood-borne factors due to endothelial cell ablation in the absence of a mechanical impact, suggesting that entrance of blood-borne factors into the brain is sufficient to induce the neuronal atypical response. Changes in postsynaptic spines were observed indicative of functional changes. Thus, this study demonstrates That exposure of neurons to blood-borne factors causes a rapid and sustained loss of neuronal proteins and changes in spine morphology in the absence of neurodegeneration, a finding that is likely relevant to many neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Munoz-Ballester
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Dzenis Mahmutovic
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yusuf Rafiqzad
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, United States
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech Carilion, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Alia Korot
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Kenyon College, Gambier, OH, United States
| | - Stefanie Robel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech Carilion, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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5
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Śliwińska MA, Cały A, Borczyk M, Ziółkowska M, Skonieczna E, Chilimoniuk M, Bernaś T, Giese KP, Radwanska K. Long-term Memory Upscales Volume of Postsynaptic Densities in the Process that Requires Autophosphorylation of αCaMKII. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:2573-2585. [PMID: 31800021 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that formation and storage of memory relies on alterations of the structure and function of brain circuits. However, the structural data, which show learning-induced and long-lasting remodeling of synapses, are still very sparse. Here, we reconstruct 1927 dendritic spines and their postsynaptic densities (PSDs), representing a postsynaptic part of the glutamatergic synapse, in the hippocampal area CA1 of the mice that underwent spatial training. We observe that in young adult (5 months), mice volume of PSDs, but not the volume of the spines, is increased 26 h after the training. The training-induced growth of PSDs is specific for the dendritic spines that lack smooth endoplasmic reticulum and spine apparatuses, and requires autophosphorylation of αCaMKII. Interestingly, aging alters training-induced ultrastructural remodeling of dendritic spines. In old mice, both the median volumes of dendritic spines and PSDs shift after training toward bigger values. Overall, our data support the hypothesis that formation of memory leaves long-lasting footprint on the ultrastructure of brain circuits; however, the form of circuit remodeling changes with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Alicja Śliwińska
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Behavior, The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland.,Laboratory of Imaging Tissue Structure and Function, The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Anna Cały
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Behavior, The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Borczyk
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Behavior, The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Magdalena Ziółkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Behavior, The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Edyta Skonieczna
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Behavior, The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chilimoniuk
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Behavior, The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Tytus Bernaś
- Laboratory of Imaging Tissue Structure and Function, The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland.,Department of Anatomy and Neurology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - K Peter Giese
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Kasia Radwanska
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Behavior, The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
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6
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Sahib S, Sharma A, Muresanu DF, Zhang Z, Li C, Tian ZR, Buzoianu AD, Lafuente JV, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Patnaik R, Menon PK, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Nanodelivery of traditional Chinese Gingko Biloba extract EGb-761 and bilobalide BN-52021 induces superior neuroprotective effects on pathophysiology of heat stroke. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 265:249-315. [PMID: 34560923 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Military personnel often exposed to high summer heat are vulnerable to heat stroke (HS) resulting in abnormal brain function and mental anomalies. There are reasons to believe that leakage of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) due to hyperthermia and development of brain edema could result in brain pathology. Thus, exploration of suitable therapeutic strategies is needed to induce neuroprotection in HS. Extracts of Gingko Biloba (EGb-761) is traditionally used in a variety of mental disorders in Chinese traditional medicine since ages. In this chapter, effects of TiO2 nanowired EGb-761 and BN-52021 delivery to treat brain pathologies in HS is discussed based on our own investigations. We observed that TiO2 nanowired delivery of EGb-761 or TiO2 BN-52021 is able to attenuate more that 80% reduction in the brain pathology in HS as compared to conventional drug delivery. The functional outcome after HS is also significantly improved by nanowired delivery of EGb-761 and BN-52021. These observations are the first to suggest that nanowired delivery of EGb-761 and BN-52021 has superior therapeutic effects in HS not reported earlier. The clinical significance in relation to the military medicine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Yuexiu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Yuexiu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Preeti K Menon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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7
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An S, Wang J, Zhang X, Duan Y, Xu Y, Lv J, Wang D, Zhang H, Richter-Levin G, Klavir O, Yu B, Cao X. αCaMKII in the lateral amygdala mediates PTSD-Like behaviors and NMDAR-Dependent LTD. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100359. [PMID: 34258335 PMCID: PMC8252123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that afflicts many individuals. However, its molecular and cellular mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here, we found PTSD susceptible mice exhibited significant up-regulation of alpha-Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (αCaMKII) in the lateral amygdala (LA). Consistently, increasing αCaMKII in the LA not only caused PTSD-like behaviors such as impaired fear extinction and anxiety-like behaviors, but also attenuated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent long-term depression (LTD) at thalamo-lateral amygdala (T-LA) synapses, and reduced GluA1-Ser845/Ser831 dephosphorylation and a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) internalization. Suppressing the elevated αCaMKII to normal levels completely rescued both PTSD-like behaviors and the impairments in LTD, GluA1-Ser845/Ser831 dephosphorylation, and AMPAR internalization. Intriguingly, deficits in GluA1-Ser845/Ser831 dephosphorylation and AMPAR internalization were detected not only after impaired fear extinction, but also after attenuated LTD. Our results suggest that αCaMKII in the LA may be a potential molecular determinant of PTSD. We further demonstrate for the first time that GluA1-Ser845/Ser831 dephosphorylation and AMPAR internalization are molecular links between fear extinction and LTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming An
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jiayue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xuliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yanhong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yiqiong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Junyan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Dasheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Gal Richter-Levin
- “Sagol” Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel
| | - Oded Klavir
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Psychopathology Division, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel
| | - Buwei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Xiaohua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Corresponding author.
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8
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The role of CaMKII autophosphorylation for NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic potentiation. Neuropharmacology 2021; 193:108616. [PMID: 34051268 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Potentiation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission is thought to underlie memory. The induction of this synaptic potentiation relies on activation of NMDA receptors which allows for calcium influx into the post-synapse. A key mechanistic question for the understanding of synaptic potentiation is what signaling is activated by the calcium influx. Here, I review evidences that at mature synapses the elevated calcium levels activate primarily calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and cause its autophophorylation. CaMKII autophosphorylation leads to calcium-independent activity of the kinase, so that kinase signaling can outlast NMDA receptor-dependent calcium influx. Prolonged CaMKII signaling induces downstream signaling for AMPA receptor trafficking into the post-synaptic density and causes structural enlargement of the synapse. Interestingly, however, CaMKII autophosphorylation does not have such an essential role in NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic potentiation in early postnatal development and in adult dentate gyrus, where neurogenesis occurs. Additionally, in old age memory-relevant NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity appears to be due to generation of multi-innervated dendritic spines, which does not require CaMKII autophosphorylation. In conclusion, CaMKII autophosphorylation has a conditional role in the induction of NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic potentiation.
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9
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Zolfaghari SI, Rabbani Khorasgani M, Noorbakhshnia M. The effects of lactobacilli (L. rhamnosus, L. reuteri, L. Plantarum) on LPS-induced memory impairment and changes in CaMKII-α and TNF-α genes expression in the hippocampus of rat. Physiol Behav 2021; 229:113224. [PMID: 33127463 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, some investigations have focused on the relationship between gut microbiota and brain function in healthy and disease conditions. Moreover, changes in the gut microbiome may affect memory, behavior, and cognition. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lactobacilli on passive avoidance learning, hippocampal CaMKII-α, and TNF-α genes expression in one experimental model of neuroinflammtion. Male wistar rats (220-240 g) received daily oral gavage of different lactobacilli including L. rhamnosus, L. reuteri, and L. plantarum for 21 days. At the next step, behavioral test was performed and 4 hours after acute injection of LPS (1mg/kg, ip) retrieval was evaluated. Then the hippocampi were extracted and kept at _80°C. Finally CaMKII-α and TNF-α mRNA levels were evaluated by Real-time PCR. Our results showed that consumption of L. rhamnosus, L.reuteri, or L. plantarum significantly prevented LPS-induced enhancement of TNF-α mRNA and memory deterioration. Furthermore, L. rhamnosus significantly prevented changes induced by LPS on CaMKII-α mRNA levels. It seems the lactobacilli used in this study can affect brain function and memory performance by their immune-modulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyed Iman Zolfaghari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Rabbani Khorasgani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Noorbakhshnia
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Iran.
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10
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Kim CH, Kim S, Kim SH, Roh J, Jin H, Song B. Role of densin-180 in mouse ventral hippocampal neurons in 24-hr retention of contextual fear conditioning. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01891. [PMID: 33064361 PMCID: PMC7749528 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Densin-180 interacts with postsynaptic molecules including calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) but its function in learning and memory process has been unclear. METHODS To investigate a role of hippocampal densin-180 in contextual fear conditioning (CFC) learning and memory processes, knockdown (KD) of densin-180 in hippocampal subareas was applied. RESULTS First, ventral hippocampal (vHC) densin-180 KD impaired single-trial CFC (stCFC) memory one day later. stCFC caused freezing behaviors to reach the peak about one hour later in both control and KD mice, but then freezing was disappeared at 2 hr postshock in KD mice. Second, stCFC caused an immediate and transient reduction of vHC densin-180 in control mice, which was not observed in KD mice. Third, stCFC caused phosphorylated-T286 (p-T286) CaMKIIα to change similarly to densin-180, but p-T305 CaMKIIα was increased 1 hr later in control mice. In KD mice, these effects were gone. Moreover, both basal levels of p-T286 and p-T305 CaMKIIα were reduced without change in total CaMKIIα in KD mice. Fourth, we found double-trial CFC (dtCFC) memory acquisition and retrieval kinetics were different from those of stCFC in vHC KD mice. In addition, densin-180 in dorsal hippocampal area appeared to play its unique role during the very early retrieval period of both CFC memories. CONCLUSION This study shows that vHC densin-180 is necessary for stCFC memory formation and retrieval and suggests that both densin-180 and p-T305 CaMKIIα at 1 ~ 2 hr postshock are important for stCFC memory formation. We conclude that roles of hippocampal neuronal densin-180 in CFC are temporally dynamic and differential depending on the pattern of conditioning stimuli and its location along the dorsoventral axis of hippocampal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Hyun Kim
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Program, Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Seoyul Kim
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Program, Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Kim
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Program, Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongtae Roh
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Program, Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Harin Jin
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Program, Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Bokyung Song
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Program, Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Korea
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11
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TRPM4 inhibition improves spatial memory impairment and hippocampal long-term potentiation deficit in chronic cerebral hypoperfused rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 393:112781. [PMID: 32619565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) been well characterized as a common pathological status contributing to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. CCH is an important factor that leads to cognitive impairment, but the underlying neurobiological mechanism is poorly understood and no effective treatment is available. Recently, transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) cation channel has been identified as an important molecular element in focal cerebral ischemia. Over activation of the channel is a major molecular mechanism of oncotic cell death. However, the role of TRPM4 in CCH that propagates global brain hypoxia have not been explored. Therefore, the present study is designed to investigate the effect of TRPM4 inhibition on the cognitive functions of the rats following CCH via permanent bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries (PBOCCA) model. In this model, treatment with siRNA suppressed TRPM4 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels and improved cognitive deficits of the CCH rats without affecting their motor function. Furthermore, treatment with siRNA rescued the LTP impairment in CCH-induced rats. Consistent with the restored of LTP, western blot analysis revealed that siRNA treatment prevented the reduction of synaptic proteins, including calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in brain regions of CCH rats. The present findings provide a novel role of TRPM4 in restricting cognitive functions in CCH and suggest inhibiting TRPM4 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy in targeting ion channels to prevent the progression of cognitive deficits induced by ischemia.
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12
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Moreno A. Molecular mechanisms of forgetting. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 54:6912-6932. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Moreno
- Danish Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE) Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
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13
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Rhein C, Mühle C, Lenz B, Richter-Schmidinger T, Kogias G, Boix F, Lourdusamy A, Dörfler A, Peters O, Ramirez A, Jessen F, Maier W, Hüll M, Frölich L, Teipel S, Wiltfang J, Kornhuber J, Müller CP. Association of a CAMK2A genetic variant with logical memory performance and hippocampal volume in the elderly. Brain Res Bull 2020; 161:13-20. [PMID: 32418901 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent kinase alpha (αCaMKII) has been shown to play an essential role in synaptic plasticity and in learning and memory in animal models. However, there is little evidence for an involvement in specific memories in humans. Here we tested the potential involvement of the αCaMKII coding gene CAMK2A in verbal logical memory in two Caucasian populations from Germany, in a sample of 209 elderly people with cognitive impairments and a sample of 142 healthy adults. The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within the genomic region of CAMK2A with verbal logical memory learning and retrieval from the Wechsler Memory Scale was measured and hippocampal volume was assessed by structural MRI. In the elderly people, we found the minor allele of CAMK2A intronic SNP rs919741 to predict a higher hippocampal volume and better logical memory retrieval. This association was not found in healthy adults. The present study may provide evidence for an association of a genetic variant of the CAMK2A gene specifically with retrieval of logical memory in elderly humans. This effect is possibly mediated by a higher hippocampal volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Tanja Richter-Schmidinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georgios Kogias
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fernando Boix
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anbarasu Lourdusamy
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Campus Benjamin Franklin, Eschenallee 3, DE-14050 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hüll
- Emmendingen Center for Psychiatry, Clinic for Geriatric Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Jebelli A, Khalaj-Kondori M, Rahmati-Yamchi M. The Effect of Beta-Boswellic Acid on the Expression of Camk4 and Camk2α Genes in the PC12 Cell Line. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 10:437-443. [PMID: 32665903 PMCID: PMC7335997 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2020.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Beta-boswellic acid (βBA) may play central roles in neural plasticity. Neural plasticity has significant implications for learning and memory which are governed by strict memoryrelated molecular pathways. To gain insight into the molecular mechanism by which βBA affects these pathways this study analyzed the expression patterns of Camk2α and Camk4 genes in PC12 cells treated with βBA. Methods: The cytotoxic effects of different βBA concentrations on PC12 cells were examined by MTT assay. For gene expression analysis, cells were treated with concentrations of 1 and 10 µM of βBA for 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Total RNA was purified by RNX-Plus solution and reverse transcribed into cDNA using Thermo Scientific Reverse Transcription reagents. The expression patterns of Camk2α and Camk4 genes were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: MTT assay indicated that βBA reduced PC12 cell viability in a time- and concentrationdependent manner. The 50% inhibitory concentrations for the 48 and 72 hours time points were 35 and 26 µM, respectively; while, the βBA concentrations up to 100 µM failed to kill 50% of the cells after 24 hours. According to the qRT-PCR data, the Camk2α variant is not expressed in either βBA-treated or untreated PC12 cells. However, a significant upregulation was observed inCamk4 after 12 hours of treatment with βBA, which followed by a significant downregulation after 24 hours and a persistent expression equal to the control until 72 hours. Conclusion: these findings indicate that PC12 cells not only does not express Camk2α but also its expression cannot be induced by βBA. However, βBA does modulate the expression of Camk4. This result provides further insight into the molecular mechanism by which βBA affects memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiyeh Jebelli
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalaj-Kondori
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahmati-Yamchi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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15
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Wilar G, Shinoda Y, Sasaoka T, Fukunaga K. Crucial Role of Dopamine D2 Receptor Signaling in Nicotine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7911-7928. [PMID: 31129809 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine in tobacco causes psychological dependence through its rewarding effect in the central nervous system (CNS). Although nicotine dependence is explained by dopamine receptor (DR) signaling together with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), the synaptic molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between dopamine receptor and nAChRs remains unclear. Since reward signaling is mediated by dopamine receptors, we hypothesized that the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R), in part, mediates the synaptic modulation of nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in addition to dopamine D1 receptor. To investigate the involvement of D2R, wild-type (WT) and dopamine D2 receptor knockout (D2RKO) mice were assessed using the CPP task after induction of nicotine-induced CPP. As expected, D2RKO mice failed to induce CPP behaviors after repeated nicotine administration (0.5 mg/kg). When kinase signaling was assessed in the nucleus accumbens and hippocampal CA1 region after repeated nicotine administration, both Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were upregulated in WT mice but not in D2RKO mice. Likewise, nicotine-induced CPP was associated with elevation of pro- brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and BDNF protein levels in WT mice, but not in D2RKO mice. Taken together, in addition to dopamine D1 receptor signaling, dopamine D2 receptor signaling is critical for induction of nicotine-induced CPP in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gofarana Wilar
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi-ken, Sendai-shi, Aoba-Ku, Aramaki, Aoba 6-3, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, JL. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 20.5 Jatinangor, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Yasuharu Shinoda
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi-ken, Sendai-shi, Aoba-Ku, Aramaki, Aoba 6-3, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Toshikuni Sasaoka
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi-ken, Sendai-shi, Aoba-Ku, Aramaki, Aoba 6-3, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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16
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Fang X, Tang W, Yang F, Lu W, Cai J, Ni J, Zhang J, Tang W, Li T, Zhang DF, Zhang C. A Comprehensive Analysis of the CaMK2A Gene and Susceptibility to Alzheimer's Disease in the Han Chinese Population. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:84. [PMID: 31031618 PMCID: PMC6470288 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is ample evidence suggesting that calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CaMK2A) may play an important role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This genetic study aimed to investigate whether CaMK2A confers susceptibility to the development of AD in the Han Chinese population. A total of seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within CaMK2A were screened in two independent cohorts from southwestern China (333 AD patients and 334 controls) and eastern China (382 AD patients and 426 controls) to discern the potential association between this gene and AD. In addition, a cross-platform normalized expression resource was used to investigate whether CaMK2A is differentially expressed in the brain between individuals with AD and the controls. In addition, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis was used to explore the differences in CaMK2A expression in the brain among different genotypes. The cross-platform normalized data showed significant differences in CaMK2A expression in the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and temporal cortex between the AD patients and the control subjects (|log FC| > 0.1, P < 0.05); however, only the differences in the hippocampus and temporal cortex remained after the multiple comparisons correction [false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected, P < 0.05]. The frequency of the rs4958445 genotype was significantly different between the AD subjects and the controls from southwestern China (P = 0.013, P = 0.034 after FDR correction). When the two samples were combined, rs4958445 still showed a significant association with AD (P = 0.044). Haplotype analysis indicated that the T-A-C-A-T-C-C and T-G-C-A-T-C-C haplotypes in the southwestern cohort and the T-G-C-G-C-T-C haplotype in the eastern cohort, consisting of rs10051644, rs6869634, rs3797617, rs3756577, rs4958445, rs10515639 and rs6881743, showed a significant association with AD (P = 0.037, P = 0.026 and P = 0.045, respectively). Furthermore, the brain eQTL analysis revealed a significant association between the rs4958445 polymorphism and CaMK2A expression in the inferior olivary nucleus (P = 0.029). Our results suggest an important role for CaMK2A in the pathophysiology of AD in the Han Chinese population, especially the southwestern population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Fang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fuyin Yang
- Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weihong Lu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianliang Ni
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Wenxin Tang
- Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Li
- Huaxi Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Deng-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Zalcman G, Federman N, Romano A. CaMKII Isoforms in Learning and Memory: Localization and Function. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:445. [PMID: 30564099 PMCID: PMC6288437 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a key protein kinase in neural plasticity and memory, as have been shown in several studies since the first evidence in long-term potentiation (LTP) 30 years ago. However, most of the studies were focused mainly in one of the four isoforms of this protein kinase, the CaMKIIα. Here we review the characteristics and the role of each of the four isoforms in learning, memory and neural plasticity, considering the well known local role of α and β isoforms in dendritic terminals as well as recent findings about the γ isoform as calcium signals transducers from synapse to nucleus and δ isoform as a kinase required for a more persistent memory trace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Zalcman
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Noel Federman
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Arturo Romano
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Sahara Y, Matsuzawa D, Ishii D, Fuchida T, Goto T, Sutoh C, Shimizu E. Paternal methyl donor deficient diets during development affect male offspring behavior and memory-related gene expression in mice. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 61:17-28. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Sahara
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsuzawa
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
| | - Daisuke Ishii
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
- Center for Medical Sciences; Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences; Ibaraki Japan
| | - Takahiro Fuchida
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
| | - Takashi Goto
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
| | - Chihiro Sutoh
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
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19
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Vigil FA, Giese KP. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II and memory destabilization: a new role in memory maintenance. J Neurochem 2018; 147:12-23. [PMID: 29704430 PMCID: PMC6221169 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the poorly explored role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in memory maintenance, and its influence on memory destabilization. After a brief review on CaMKII and memory destabilization, we present critical pieces of evidence suggesting that CaMKII activity increases retrieval-induced memory destabilization. We then proceed to propose two potential molecular pathways to explain the association between CaMKII activation and increased memory destabilization. This review will pinpoint gaps in our knowledge and discuss some 'controversial' observations, establishing the basis for new experiments on the role of CaMKII in memory reconsolidation. The role of CaMKII in memory destabilization is of great clinical relevance. Still, because of the lack of scientific literature on the subject, more basic science research is necessary to pursue this pathway as a clinical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Antonio Vigil
- Department of Cell and Integrative PhysiologyThe University of Texas Health San Antonio8403, Floyd Curl DriveSan AntonioTX 78229USA
| | - Karl Peter Giese
- Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceKing's College London125 Coldharbour LaneLondonSE5 9NUUK
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20
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Sustained CaMKII Delta Gene Expression Is Specifically Required for Long-Lasting Memories in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1437-1450. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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21
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A synthetic small-molecule Isoxazole-9 protects against methamphetamine relapse. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:629-638. [PMID: 28348387 PMCID: PMC5617764 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) is strongly influenced by drug-taking behavior and may have a role in the etiology of drug-seeking behavior. However, mechanistic studies on the relationship of neurogenesis on drug seeking are limited. Outbred Wistar rats experienced extended access methamphetamine self-administration and individual differences in drug taking defined animals with higher preferred and lower preferred levels of drug intake. Forced abstinence from higher preferred levels of drug taking enhanced neurogenesis and neuronal activation of granule cell neurons (GCNs) in the DG and produced compulsive-like drug reinstatement. Systemic treatment with the drug Isoxazole-9 (a synthetic small molecule known to modulate neurogenesis in the adult rodent brain) during abstinence blocked compulsive-like context-driven methamphetamine reinstatement. Isoxazole-9 modulated neurogenesis, neuronal activation and structural plasticity of GCNs, and expression of synaptic proteins associated with learning and memory in the DG. These findings identify a subset of newly born GCNs within the DG that could directly contribute to drug-seeking behavior. Taken together, these results support a direct role for the importance of adult neurogenesis during abstinence in compulsive-like drug reinstatement.
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22
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Matysek M, Mozel S, Szalak R, Zacharko-Siembida A, Obszańska K, Arciszewski MB. Effect of feeding with bilberry fruit on the expression pattern of αCaMKII in hippocampal neurons in normal and diabetic rats. Pol J Vet Sci 2017; 20:313-319. [PMID: 28865231 DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2017-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
αCaMKII, widely occurring in the central nervous system, plays a significant role in cognitive processes. It is well known that diabetes is a risk factor that may trigger brain atrophy, cognitive dysfunction and finally lead to memory loss. Antioxidants richly present in bilberry fruits are believed to have significant effects on diabetes-related brain dysfunctions mainly due to their abilities to modulate neurotransmitter release that lead to reduction of the negative impact of free radicals on cognitive processes. The aim of the present research was to immunohistochemically investigate the expression patterns of αCaMKII in hippocampal neurons from non-diabetic, diabetic and diabetic rats fed with an extract of bilberry fruit. The obtained results show that in comparison to the control group, in diabetic rats hippocampal neurons immunoreactive (ir) to αCaMKII were swollen and the lengths of the neuronal fibres were reduced. Further study shows that in diabetic rats fed with bilberry fruit, αCaMKII-positive nerve fibres were significantly longer when compared to the groups of diabetic and control rats. Additionally, we observed statistically significant changes in the average larger diameter of αCaMKII-ir hippocampal neurons between groups of diabetic rats (with vs. without supplement of bilberry fruit). The results of the present work suggest that antioxidants present in bilberry fruits influence the morphology of and possibly exhibit beneficial and neuroprotective effects on hippocampal neurons during diabetes. It is likely that changes in the appearance of αCaMKII-expressed hippocampal neurons may reflect the diabetes-evoked rise in Ca2+ level in the cerebral nerve terminals. The present research extends our knowledge of preventive mechanisms for cognitive dysfunctions occurring in the brain during diabetes.
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23
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Romano DR, Pharris MC, Patel NM, Kinzer-Ursem TL. Competitive tuning: Competition's role in setting the frequency-dependence of Ca2+-dependent proteins. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005820. [PMID: 29107982 PMCID: PMC5690689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of neurological disorders arise from perturbations in biochemical signaling and protein complex formation within neurons. Normally, proteins form networks that when activated produce persistent changes in a synapse’s molecular composition. In hippocampal neurons, calcium ion (Ca2+) flux through N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors activates Ca2+/calmodulin signal transduction networks that either increase or decrease the strength of the neuronal synapse, phenomena known as long-term potentiation (LTP) or long-term depression (LTD), respectively. The calcium-sensor calmodulin (CaM) acts as a common activator of the networks responsible for both LTP and LTD. This is possible, in part, because CaM binding proteins are “tuned” to different Ca2+ flux signals by their unique binding and activation dynamics. Computational modeling is used to describe the binding and activation dynamics of Ca2+/CaM signal transduction and can be used to guide focused experimental studies. Although CaM binds over 100 proteins, practical limitations cause many models to include only one or two CaM-activated proteins. In this work, we view Ca2+/CaM as a limiting resource in the signal transduction pathway owing to its low abundance relative to its binding partners. With this view, we investigate the effect of competitive binding on the dynamics of CaM binding partner activation. Using an explicit model of Ca2+, CaM, and seven highly-expressed hippocampal CaM binding proteins, we find that competition for CaM binding serves as a tuning mechanism: the presence of competitors shifts and sharpens the Ca2+ frequency-dependence of CaM binding proteins. Notably, we find that simulated competition may be sufficient to recreate the in vivo frequency dependence of the CaM-dependent phosphatase calcineurin. Additionally, competition alone (without feedback mechanisms or spatial parameters) could replicate counter-intuitive experimental observations of decreased activation of Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II in knockout models of neurogranin. We conclude that competitive tuning could be an important dynamic process underlying synaptic plasticity. Learning and memory formation are likely associated with dynamic fluctuations in the connective strength of neuronal synapses. These fluctuations, called synaptic plasticity, are regulated by calcium ion (Ca2+) influx through ion channels localized to the post-synaptic membrane. Within the post-synapse, the dominant Ca2+ sensor protein, calmodulin (CaM), may activate a variety of downstream binding partners, each contributing to synaptic plasticity outcomes. The conditions at which certain binding partners most strongly activate are increasingly studied using computational models. Nearly all computational studies describe these binding partners in combinations of only one or two CaM binding proteins. In contrast, we combine seven well-studied CaM binding partners into a single model wherein they simultaneously compete for access to CaM. Our dynamic model suggests that competition narrows the window of conditions for optimal activation of some binding partners, mimicking the Ca2+-frequency dependence of some proteins in vivo. Further characterization of CaM-dependent signaling dynamics in neuronal synapses may benefit our understanding of learning and memory formation. Furthermore, we propose that competitive binding may be another framework, alongside feedback and feed-forward loops, signaling motifs, and spatial localization, that can be applied to other signal transduction networks, particularly second messenger cascades, to explain the dynamical behavior of protein activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Romano
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Matthew C. Pharris
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Neal M. Patel
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Tamara L. Kinzer-Ursem
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Fang T, Kasbi K, Rothe S, Aziz W, Giese KP. Age-dependent changes in autophosphorylation of alpha calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase II in hippocampus and amygdala after contextual fear conditioning. Brain Res Bull 2017. [PMID: 28648815 PMCID: PMC5599619 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus and amygdala are essential brain regions responsible for contextual fear conditioning (CFC). The autophosphorylation of alpha calcium-calmodulin kinase II (αCaMKII) at threonine-286 (T286) is a critical step implicated in long-term potentiation (LTP), learning and memory. However, the changes in αCaMKII levels with aging and training in associated brain regions are not fully understood. Here, we studied how aging and training affect the levels of phosphorylated (T286) and proportion of phosphorylated:total αCaMKII in the hippocampus and amygdala. Young and aged mice, naïve (untrained) and trained in CFC, were analysed by immunohistochemistry for the levels of total and phosphorylated αCaMKII in the hippocampus and amygdala. We found that two hours after CFC training, young mice exhibited a higher level of phosphorylated and increased ratio of phosphorylated:total αCaMKII in hippocampal CA3 stratum radiatum. Furthermore, aged untrained mice showed a higher ratio of phosphorylated:total αCaMKII in the CA3 region of the hippocampus when compared to the young untrained group. No effect of training or aging were seen in the central, lateral and basolateral amygdala regions, for both phosphorylated and ratio of phosphorylated:total αCaMKII. These results show that aging impairs the training-induced upregulation of autophosphorylated (T286) αCaMKII in the CA3 stratum radiatum of the hippocampus. This indicates that distinct age-related mechanisms underlie CFC that may rely more heavily on NMDA receptor-dependent plasticity in young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ton Fang
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Kamillia Kasbi
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Rothe
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Wajeeha Aziz
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; University of Sussex, Sussex House, Falmer Brighton, BN1 9RH, United Kingdom.
| | - K Peter Giese
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom.
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Storage of passive motion pattern in hippocampal CA1 region depends on CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway in a motion sickness rodent model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43385. [PMID: 28230177 PMCID: PMC5322525 DOI: 10.1038/srep43385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory mismatch between actual motion information and anticipated sensory patterns (internal model) is the etiology of motion sickness (MS). Some evidence supports that hippocampus might involve the neural storage of the “internal model”. This study established an “internal model” acquisition-retention behavioral model using a repeated habituation rotation training protocol. We tried to identify the hippocampal subregion involved in “internal model” retention using chemical lesion methods. Hippocampal kinases (CaMK, CaMKIV, CREB and ERK1/2) phosphorylation in the target subregion was assayed and the effects of kinase inhibitors (KN93 or U0126) on “internal model” retention were investigated. The activities of potential kinases (CaMKII and CREB) were also examined in otoliths deficit het/het mice. In habituated rats, CA1 lesion reproduced MS-related behavioral responses on “internal model” retention day. Habituation training increased CaMKII and CREB activity but had no effect on CaMKIV and ERK1/2 activity in the CA1, while inhibition of CaMKII but not ERK1/2 impaired “internal model” retention. In het/het mice, CaMKII and CREB were not activated in the CA1 on the retention day. These results suggested that CaMKII/CREB pathway might potentially contribute to the storage of the “internal model” in the hippocampal CA1 after motion sickness induced by vestibular stimulation.
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26
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Morisot N, Ron D. Alcohol-dependent molecular adaptations of the NMDA receptor system. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 16:139-148. [PMID: 27906494 PMCID: PMC5444330 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypes such as motivation to consume alcohol, goal-directed alcohol seeking and habit formation take part in mechanisms underlying heavy alcohol use. Learning and memory processes greatly contribute to the establishment and maintenance of these behavioral phenotypes. The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is a driving force of synaptic plasticity, a key cellular hallmark of learning and memory. Here, we describe data in rodents and humans linking signaling molecules that center around the NMDARs, and behaviors associated with the development and/or maintenance of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Specifically, we show that enzymes that participate in the regulation of NMDAR function including Fyn kinase as well as signaling cascades downstream of NMDAR including calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CamKII), the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) play a major role in mechanisms underlying alcohol drinking behaviors. Finally, we emphasize the brain region specificity of alcohol's actions on the above-mentioned signaling pathways and attempt to bridge the gap between the molecular signaling that drive learning and memory processes and alcohol-dependent behavioral phenotypes. Finally, we present data to suggest that genes related to NMDAR signaling may be AUD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Morisot
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D. Ron
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Krishnan HC, Gandour CE, Ramos JL, Wrinkle MC, Sanchez-Pacheco JJ, Lyons LC. Acute Sleep Deprivation Blocks Short- and Long-Term Operant Memory in Aplysia. Sleep 2016; 39:2161-2171. [PMID: 27748243 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.6320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Insufficient sleep in individuals appears increasingly common due to the demands of modern work schedules and technology use. Consequently, there is a growing need to understand the interactions between sleep deprivation and memory. The current study determined the effects of acute sleep deprivation on short and long-term associative memory using the marine mollusk Aplysia californica, a relatively simple model system well known for studies of learning and memory. METHODS Aplysia were sleep deprived for 9 hours using context changes and tactile stimulation either prior to or after training for the operant learning paradigm, learning that food is inedible (LFI). The effects of sleep deprivation on short-term (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) were assessed. RESULTS Acute sleep deprivation prior to LFI training impaired the induction of STM and LTM with persistent effects lasting at least 24 h. Sleep deprivation immediately after training blocked the consolidation of LTM. However, sleep deprivation following the period of molecular consolidation did not affect memory recall. Memory impairments were independent of handling-induced stress, as daytime handled control animals demonstrated no memory deficits. Additional training immediately after sleep deprivation failed to rescue the induction of memory, but additional training alleviated the persistent impairment in memory induction when training occurred 24 h following sleep deprivation. CONCLUSIONS Acute sleep deprivation inhibited the induction and consolidation, but not the recall of memory. These behavioral studies establish Aplysia as an effective model system for studying the interactions between sleep and memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini C Krishnan
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL.,Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | | | - Joshua L Ramos
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Mariah C Wrinkle
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | | | - Lisa C Lyons
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL.,Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
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The Involvement of the Decrease of Astrocytic Wnt5a in the Cognitive Decline in Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7949-7963. [PMID: 27878554 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0216-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a key role in neuroprotection and synaptic plasticity. We speculate that the impairment of Wnt signaling may mediate astrocytic neurotrophins (NTs) production and the impairment of Wnt signaling to astrocytic NTs production contributes to the pathogenesis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). Here, we found that induction of astrocytic NTs synthesis was by Wnt5a via the calcium/calmodulin-sensitive protein kinase II (CaMK II)-cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) pathway in PCAs. The decrease of spatial learning and memory and downregulation of astrocytic BDNF and NT-3 were reversed by Wnt5a in MHE rat model. The increased association between CaMK II and CREB followed by phosphorylation of CREB in response to Wnt5a stimulation was suppressed in the MHE rat model. Our results highlight a novel pathogenesis of the contribution of downregulation of NTs to the inhibition of the interaction between Wnt5a and Frizzled-2 in astrocytes in MHE.
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29
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Popugaeva E, Pchitskaya E, Bezprozvanny I. Dysregulation of neuronal calcium homeostasis in Alzheimer's disease - A therapeutic opportunity? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 483:998-1004. [PMID: 27641664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the disease of lost memories. Synaptic loss is a major reason for memory defects in AD. Signaling pathways involved in memory loss in AD are under intense investigation. The role of deranged neuronal calcium (Ca2+) signaling in synaptic loss in AD is described in this review. Familial AD (FAD) mutations in presenilins are linked directly with synaptic Ca2+ signaling abnormalities, most likely by affecting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ leak function of presenilins. Excessive ER Ca2+ release via type 2 ryanodine receptors (RyanR2) is observed in AD spines due to increase in expression and function of RyanR2. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (nSOC) pathway is disrupted in AD spines due to downregulation of STIM2 protein. Because of these Ca2+ signaling abnormalities, a balance in activities of Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and Ca2+-dependent phosphatase calcineurin (CaN) is shifted at the synapse, tilting a balance between long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) synaptic mechanisms. As a result, synapses are weakened and eliminated in AD brains by LTD mechanism, causing memory loss. Targeting synaptic calcium signaling pathways offers opportunity for development of AD therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Popugaeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Department of Medical Physics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Ekaterina Pchitskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Department of Medical Physics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Department of Medical Physics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Devinney MJ, Nichols NL, Mitchell GS. Sustained Hypoxia Elicits Competing Spinal Mechanisms of Phrenic Motor Facilitation. J Neurosci 2016; 36:7877-85. [PMID: 27466333 PMCID: PMC4961775 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4122-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) induces phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF), a form of spinal motor plasticity. Competing mechanisms give rise to phrenic motor facilitation (pMF; a general term including pLTF) depending on the severity of hypoxia within episodes. In contrast, moderate acute sustained hypoxia (mASH) does not elicit pMF. By varying the severity of ASH and targeting competing mechanisms of pMF, we sought to illustrate why moderate AIH (mAIH) elicits pMF but mASH does not. Although mAIH elicits serotonin-dependent pLTF, mASH does not; thus, mAIH-induced pLTF is pattern sensitive. In contrast, severe AIH (sAIH) elicits pLTF through adenosine-dependent mechanisms, likely from greater extracellular adenosine accumulation. Because serotonin- and adenosine-dependent pMF interact via cross talk inhibition, we hypothesized that pMF is obscured because the competing mechanisms of pMF are balanced and offsetting during mASH. Here, we demonstrate the following: (1) blocking spinal A2A receptors with MSX-3 reveals mASH-induced pMF; and (2) sASH elicits A2A-dependent pMF. In anesthetized rats pretreated with intrathecal A2A receptor antagonist injections before mASH (PaO2 = 40-54 mmHg) or sASH (PaO2 = 25-36 mmHg), (1) mASH induced a serotonin-dependent pMF and (2) sASH induced an adenosine-dependent pMF, which was enhanced by spinal serotonin receptor inhibition. Thus, competing adenosine- and serotonin-dependent mechanisms contribute differentially to pMF depending on the pattern/severity of hypoxia. Understanding interactions between these mechanisms has clinical relevance as we develop therapies to treat severe neuromuscular disorders that compromise somatic motor behaviors, including breathing. Moreover, these results demonstrate how competing mechanisms of plasticity can give rise to pattern sensitivity in pLTF. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Intermittent hypoxia elicits pattern-sensitive spinal plasticity and improves motor function after spinal injury or during neuromuscular disease. Specific mechanisms of pattern sensitivity in this form of plasticity are unknown. We provide evidence that competing mechanisms of phrenic motor facilitation mediated by adenosine 2A and serotonin 2 receptors are differentially expressed, depending on the pattern/severity of hypoxia. Understanding how these distinct mechanisms interact during hypoxic exposures differing in severity and duration will help explain interesting properties of plasticity, such as pattern sensitivity, and may help optimize therapies to restore motor function in patients with neuromuscular disorders that compromise movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Devinney
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and
| | - Nicole L Nichols
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and
| | - Gordon S Mitchell
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and Department of Physical Therapy, Center for Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
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31
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Shetty MS, Sajikumar S. Differential involvement of Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases and mitogen-activated protein kinases in the dopamine D1/D5 receptor-mediated potentiation in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 138:111-120. [PMID: 27470093 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurotransmission modulates and influences hippocampal CA1 synaptic plasticity, learning and long-term memory mechanisms. Investigating the mechanisms involved in the slow-onset potentiation induced by the dopamine D1/D5 receptor agonists in hippocampal CA1 region, we have reported recently that it could play a role in regulating synaptic cooperation and competition. We have also shown that a sustained activation of MEK/MAP kinase pathway was involved in the maintenance of this long-lasting potentiation (Shivarama Shetty, Gopinadhan, & Sajikumar, 2016). However, the molecular aspects of the induction of dopaminergic slow-onset potentiation are not known. Here, we investigated the involvement of MEK/MAPK pathway and Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKII and CaMKIV) in the induction and maintenance phases of the D1/D5 receptor-mediated slow-onset potentiation. We report differential involvement of these kinases in a dose-dependent manner wherein at weaker levels of dopaminergic activation, both CaMKII and MEK1/2 activation is necessary for the establishment of potentiation and with sufficiently stronger dopaminergic activation, the role of CaMKII becomes dispensable whereas MEK activation remains crucial for the long-lasting potentiation. The results are interesting in view of the involvement of the hippocampal dopaminergic system in a variety of cognitive abilities including memory formation and also in neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Shivarama Shetty
- Department of Physiology, Block MD9, 2 Medical Drive, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore; Neurobiology/Aging Program, 28 Medical Drive, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sreedharan Sajikumar
- Department of Physiology, Block MD9, 2 Medical Drive, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore; Neurobiology/Aging Program, 28 Medical Drive, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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32
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CaM Kinases: From Memories to Addiction. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 37:153-166. [PMID: 26674562 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a major psychiatric disorder with a neurobiological basis that is still insufficiently understood. Initially, non-addicted, controlled drug consumption and drug instrumentalization are established. They comprise highly systematic behaviours acquired by learning and the establishment of drug memories. Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs) are important Ca(2+) sensors translating glutamatergic activation into synaptic plasticity during learning and memory formation. Here we review the role of CaMKs in the establishment of drug-related behaviours in animal models and in humans. Converging evidence now shows that CaMKs are a crucial mechanism of how addictive drugs induce synaptic plasticity and establish various types of drug memories. Thereby, CaMKs are not only molecular relays for glutamatergic activity but they also directly control dopaminergic and serotonergic activity in the mesolimbic reward system. They can now be considered as major molecular pathways translating normal memory formation into establishment of drug memories and possibly transition to drug addiction.
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33
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Ghosh A, Giese KP. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II and Alzheimer's disease. Mol Brain 2015; 8:78. [PMID: 26603284 PMCID: PMC4657223 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
CaMKII is a remarkably complex protein kinase, known to have a fundamental role in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Further, CaMKII has also been suggested to be a tau kinase. CaMKII dysregulation may therefore be a modulator of toxicity in Alzheimer's disease, a dementia characterised by aberrant calcium signalling, synapse and neuronal loss, and impaired memory. Here, we first examine the evidence for CaMKII dysregulation in Alzheimer's patients and draw parallels to findings in disease models which recapitulate key aspects of the disease. We then put forward the hypothesis that these changes critically contribute to neurodegeneration and memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshua Ghosh
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RT, UK.
| | - Karl Peter Giese
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RT, UK.
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34
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Dehkordi NG, Noorbakhshnia M, Ghaedi K, Esmaeili A, Dabaghi M. Omega-3 fatty acids prevent LPS-induced passive avoidance learning and memory and CaMKII-α gene expression impairments in hippocampus of rat. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:370-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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35
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Solomonia RO, McCabe BJ. Molecular mechanisms of memory in imprinting. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 50:56-69. [PMID: 25280906 PMCID: PMC4726915 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Converging evidence implicates the intermediate and medial mesopallium (IMM) of the domestic chick forebrain in memory for a visual imprinting stimulus. During and after imprinting training, neuronal responsiveness in the IMM to the familiar stimulus exhibits a distinct temporal profile, suggesting several memory phases. We discuss the temporal progression of learning-related biochemical changes in the IMM, relative to the start of this electrophysiological profile. c-fos gene expression increases <15 min after training onset, followed by a learning-related increase in Fos expression, in neurons immunopositive for GABA, taurine and parvalbumin (not calbindin). Approximately simultaneously or shortly after, there are increases in phosphorylation level of glutamate (AMPA) receptor subunits and in releasable neurotransmitter pools of GABA and taurine. Later, the mean area of spine synapse post-synaptic densities, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor number and phosphorylation level of further synaptic proteins are elevated. After ∼ 15 h, learning-related changes in amounts of several synaptic proteins are observed. The results indicate progression from transient/labile to trophic synaptic modification, culminating in stable recognition memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revaz O Solomonia
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, 3/5 K Cholokashvili Av, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia; I. Beritashvili Centre of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - Brian J McCabe
- University of Cambridge, Department of Zoology, Sub-Department of Animal Behaviour, Madingley, Cambridge CB23 8AA, United Kingdom.
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Schöpf I, Easton AC, Solati J, Golub Y, Kornhuber J, Giese KP, Müller CP. αCaMKII autophosphorylation mediates neuronal activation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus after alcohol and cocaine in mice. Neurosci Lett 2015; 591:65-68. [PMID: 25700946 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Psychoactive drug-induced cellular activation is a key mechanism to promote neuronal plasticity and addiction. Alpha Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (αCaMKII) and its autophosphorylation play a key role in the development of drug use associated behaviours. It has been suggested that αCaMKII autophosphorylation is necessary for drug-induced neuronal activation in the mesolimbic system. Here, we show an alcohol- and cocaine-induced increase in c-fos expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, which is absent in αCaMKII(T286A) autophosphorylation deficient mice. These findings may suggest a role in hippocampal αCaMKII autophosphorylation in the acute neuroplastic effects of alcohol and cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Schöpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alanna C Easton
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Jalal Solati
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Clinic Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6 and 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Yulia Golub
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Clinic Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6 and 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Peter Giese
- Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behavior, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
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He Y, Kulasiri D, Samarasinghe S. Modelling the dynamics of CaMKII-NMDAR complex related to memory formation in synapses: the possible roles of threonine 286 autophosphorylation of CaMKII in long term potentiation. J Theor Biol 2014; 365:403-19. [PMID: 25446714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A synaptic protein, Ca(2+)/Calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), has complex state transitions and facilitates the emergence of long term potentiation (LTP), which is highly correlated to memory formation. Two of the state transitions are critical for LTP: (1) threonine 286 autophosphorylation of CaMKII; and (2) binding to N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in the postsynaptic density (PSD) to form CaMKII-NMDAR complex. Both of these state transitions retain the activity of CaMKII when the induction signal disappears which is very important for the long-lasting characteristics of LTP. However, the possible relationships between the state transitions in the emergence of LTP are not well understood. We develop a mathematical model of the formation of CaMKII-NMDAR complex with the full state transitions of CaMKII, including the autophosphorylation, based on ordinary differential equations. In addition, we formulate a probabilistic framework for the binding between CaMKII and NMDAR. The model gives accurate predictions of the behaviours of CaMKII in comparisons to the experimental observations. Using the model, we show that: (1) the formation of CaMKII-NMDAR complex is dependent not only on the binding affinity between CaMKII and NMDAR, but also on the translocation of CaMKII into PSD; and (2) the autophosphorylation is not a requirement for the formation of CaMKII-NMDAR complex, but is important for the rapid formation of CaMKII-NMDAR complex during LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y He
- Centre for Advanced Computational Solutions (C-fACS), Department of Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - D Kulasiri
- Centre for Advanced Computational Solutions (C-fACS), Department of Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - S Samarasinghe
- Centre for Advanced Computational Solutions (C-fACS), Department of Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Easton AC, Lourdusamy A, Havranek M, Mizuno K, Solati J, Golub Y, Clarke TK, Vallada H, Laranjeira R, Desrivières S, Moll GH, Mössner R, Kornhuber J, Schumann G, Giese KP, Fernandes C, Quednow BB, Müller CP. αCaMKII controls the establishment of cocaine's reinforcing effects in mice and humans. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e457. [PMID: 25290264 PMCID: PMC4350526 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although addiction develops in a considerable number of regular cocaine users, molecular risk factors for cocaine dependence are still unknown. It was proposed that establishing drug use and memory formation might share molecular and anatomical pathways. Alpha-Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II (αCaMKII) is a key mediator of learning and memory also involved in drug-related plasticity. The autophosphorylation of αCaMKII was shown to accelerate learning. Thus, we investigated the role of αCaMKII autophosphorylation in the time course of establishing cocaine use-related behavior in mice. We found that αCaMKII autophosphorylation-deficient αCaMKII(T286A) mice show delayed establishment of conditioned place preference, but no changes in acute behavioral activation, sensitization or conditioned hyperlocomotion to cocaine (20 mg kg(-1), intraperitoneal). In vivo microdialysis revealed that αCaMKII(T286A) mice have blunted dopamine (DA) and blocked serotonin (5-HT) responses in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and prefrontal cortex after acute cocaine administration (20 mg kg(-1), intraperitoneal), whereas noradrenaline responses were preserved. Under cocaine, the attenuated DA and 5-HT activation in αCaMKII(T286A) mice was followed by impaired c-Fos activation in the NAcc. To translate the rodent findings to human conditions, several CAMK2A gene polymorphisms were tested regarding their risk for a fast establishment of cocaine dependence in two independent samples of regular cocaine users from Brazil (n=688) and Switzerland (n=141). A meta-analysis across both samples confirmed that CAMK2A rs3776823 TT-allele carriers display a faster transition to severe cocaine use than C-allele carriers. Together, these data suggest that αCaMKII controls the speed for the establishment of cocaine's reinforcing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Easton
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Lourdusamy
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - M Havranek
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K Mizuno
- Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behavior, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Solati
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Clinic Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Y Golub
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Clinic Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - T-K Clarke
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H Vallada
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Laranjeira
- UNIAD, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Desrivières
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G H Moll
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Clinic Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Mössner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - G Schumann
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K P Giese
- Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behavior, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C Fernandes
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - B B Quednow
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C P Müller
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Niimi K, Takahashi E. Characterization of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 6 (SAMP6) as an animal model for brain research. Exp Anim 2014; 63:1-9. [PMID: 24521858 PMCID: PMC4160935 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.63.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) was developed by selective breeding of the AKR/J
strain, based on a graded score for senescence, which led to the development of both
senescence-accelerated prone (SAMP), and senescence-accelerated resistant (SAMR) strains.
Among the SAMP strains, SAMP6 is well characterized as a model of senile osteoporosis, but
its brain and neuronal functions have not been well studied. We therefore decided to
characterize the central nervous system of SAMP6, in combination with different behavioral
tests and analysis of its biochemical and pharmacological properties. Multiple behavioral
tests revealed higher motor activity, reduced anxiety, anti-depressant activity, motor
coordination deficits, and enhanced learning and memory in SAMP6 compared with SAMR1.
Biochemical and pharmacological analyses revealed several alterations in the dopamine and
serotonin systems, and in long-term potentiation (LTP)-related molecules. In this review,
we discuss the possibility of using SAMP6 as a model of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimie Niimi
- Support Unit for Animal Resources Development, Research Resources Center, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Iyer R, Wang TA, Gillette MU. Circadian gating of neuronal functionality: a basis for iterative metaplasticity. Front Syst Neurosci 2014; 8:164. [PMID: 25285070 PMCID: PMC4168688 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain plasticity, the ability of the nervous system to encode experience, is a modulatory process leading to long-lasting structural and functional changes. Salient experiences induce plastic changes in neurons of the hippocampus, the basis of memory formation and recall. In the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the central circadian (~24-h) clock, experience with light at night induces changes in neuronal state, leading to circadian plasticity. The SCN's endogenous ~24-h time-generator comprises a dynamic series of functional states, which gate plastic responses. This restricts light-induced alteration in SCN state-dynamics and outputs to the nighttime. Endogenously generated circadian oscillators coordinate the cyclic states of excitability and intracellular signaling molecules that prime SCN receptivity to plasticity signals, generating nightly windows of susceptibility. We propose that this constitutes a paradigm of ~24-h iterative metaplasticity, the repeated, patterned occurrence of susceptibility to induction of neuronal plasticity. We detail effectors permissive for the cyclic susceptibility to plasticity. We consider similarities of intracellular and membrane mechanisms underlying plasticity in SCN circadian plasticity and in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). The emerging prominence of the hippocampal circadian clock points to iterative metaplasticity in that tissue as well. Exploring these links holds great promise for understanding circadian shaping of synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashekar Iyer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Tongfei A Wang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Martha U Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA ; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA
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Increased calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activity by morphine-sensitization in rat hippocampus. Behav Brain Res 2014; 267:74-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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He Y, Kulasiri D, Samarasinghe S. Systems biology of synaptic plasticity: a review on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor mediated biochemical pathways and related mathematical models. Biosystems 2014; 122:7-18. [PMID: 24929130 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity, an emergent property of synaptic networks, has shown strong correlation to one of the essential functions of the brain, memory formation. Through understanding synaptic plasticity, we hope to discover the modulators and mechanisms that trigger memory formation. In this paper, we first review the well understood modulators and mechanisms underlying N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor dependent synaptic plasticity, a major form of synaptic plasticity in hippocampus, and then comment on the key mathematical modelling approaches available in the literature to understand synaptic plasticity as the integration of the established functionalities of synaptic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y He
- Centre for Advanced Computational Solutions (C-fACS), Molecular Biosciences Department, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - D Kulasiri
- Centre for Advanced Computational Solutions (C-fACS), Molecular Biosciences Department, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - S Samarasinghe
- Centre for Advanced Computational Solutions (C-fACS), Molecular Biosciences Department, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Philips GT, Kopec AM, Carew TJ. Pattern and predictability in memory formation: from molecular mechanisms to clinical relevance. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2013; 105:117-24. [PMID: 23727358 PMCID: PMC4020421 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most long-term memories are formed as a consequence of multiple experiences. The temporal spacing of these experiences is of considerable importance: experiences distributed over time (spaced training) are more easily encoded and remembered than either closely spaced experiences, or a single prolonged experience (massed training). In this article, we first review findings from studies in animal model systems that examine the cellular and molecular properties of the neurons and circuits in the brain that underlie training pattern sensitivity during long-term memory (LTM) formation. We next focus on recent findings which have begun to elucidate the mechanisms that support inter-trial interactions during the induction of LTM. Finally, we consider the implications of these findings for developing therapeutic strategies to address questions of direct clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary T Philips
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, Room 809, New York, NY 10003, United States.
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Haolong C, Du N, Hongchao T, Yang Y, Wei Z, Hua Z, Wenliang Z, Lei S, Po T. Enterovirus 71 VP1 activates calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and results in the rearrangement of vimentin in human astrocyte cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73900. [PMID: 24073199 PMCID: PMC3779202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the main causative agents of foot, hand and mouth disease. Its infection usually causes severe central nervous system diseases and complications in infected infants and young children. In the present study, we demonstrated that EV71 infection caused the rearrangement of vimentin in human astrocytoma cells. The rearranged vimentin, together with various EV71 components, formed aggresomes-like structures in the perinuclear region. Electron microscopy and viral RNA labeling indicated that the aggresomes were virus replication sites since most of the EV71 particles and the newly synthesized viral RNA were concentrated here. Further analysis revealed that the vimentin in the virus factories was serine-82 phosphorylated. More importantly, EV71 VP1 protein is responsible for the activation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK-II) which phosphorylated the N-terminal domain of vimentin on serine 82. Phosphorylation of vimentin and the formation of aggresomes were required for the replication of EV71 since the latter was decreased markedly after phosphorylation was blocked by KN93, a CaMK-II inhibitor. Thus, as one of the consequences of CaMK-II activation, vimentin phosphorylation and rearrangement may support virus replication by playing a structural role for the formation of the replication factories. Collectively, this study identified the replication centers of EV71 in human astrocyte cells. This may help us understand the replication mechanism and pathogenesis of EV71 in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Haolong
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ning Du
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tian Hongchao
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhang Wei
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhang Hua
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhang Wenliang
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Song Lei
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tien Po
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Easton AC, Lucchesi W, Lourdusamy A, Lenz B, Solati J, Golub Y, Lewczuk P, Fernandes C, Desrivieres S, Dawirs RR, Moll GH, Kornhuber J, Frank J, Hoffmann P, Soyka M, Kiefer F, Schumann G, Peter Giese K, Müller CP, Treutlein J, Cichon S, Ridinger M, Mattheisen P, Herms S, Wodarz N, Zill P, Maier W, Mössner R, Gaebel W, Dahmen N, Scherbaum N, Schmäl C, Steffens M, Lucae S, Ising M, Müller-Myhsok B, Nöthen MM, Mann K, Rietschel M. αCaMKII autophosphorylation controls the establishment of alcohol drinking behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38:1636-47. [PMID: 23459588 PMCID: PMC3717547 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The α-Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (αCaMKII) is a crucial enzyme controlling plasticity in the brain. The autophosphorylation of αCaMKII works as a 'molecular memory' for a transient calcium activation, thereby accelerating learning. We investigated the role of αCaMKII autophosphorylation in the establishment of alcohol drinking as an addiction-related behavior in mice. We found that alcohol drinking was initially diminished in αCaMKII autophosphorylation-deficient αCaMKII(T286A) mice, but could be established at wild-type level after repeated withdrawals. The locomotor activating effects of a low-dose alcohol (2 g/kg) were absent in αCaMKII(T286A) mice, whereas the sedating effects of high-dose (3.5 g/kg) were preserved after acute and subchronic administration. The in vivo microdialysis revealed that αCaMKII(T286A) mice showed no dopamine (DA) response in the nucleus accumbens to acute or subchronic alcohol administration, but enhanced serotonin (5-HT) responses in the prefrontal cortex. The attenuated DA response in αCaMKII(T286A) mice was in line with altered c-Fos activation in the ventral tegmental area after acute and subchronic alcohol administration. In order to compare findings in mice with the human condition, we tested 23 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CAMK2A gene for their association with alcohol dependence in a population of 1333 male patients with severe alcohol dependence and 939 controls. We found seven significant associations between CAMK2A SNPs and alcohol dependence, one of which in an autophosphorylation-related area of the gene. Together, our data suggest αCaMKII autophosphorylation as a facilitating mechanism in the establishment of alcohol drinking behavior with changing the DA-5-HT balance as a putative mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna C Easton
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Walter Lucchesi
- Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behavior, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, James Black Centre, London, UK
| | - Anbarasu Lourdusamy
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jalal Solati
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Clinic Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Yulia Golub
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Clinic Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cathy Fernandes
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sylvane Desrivieres
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ralph R Dawirs
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Clinic Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gunther H Moll
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Clinic Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Soyka
- Psychiatric Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Gunter Schumann
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K Peter Giese
- Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behavior, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, James Black Centre, London, UK
| | - Christian P Müller
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany,Section of Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany, Tel: +49 9131 85 36896, Fax: +49 9131 85 36002, E-mail:
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Nuclear factor κB-dependent histone acetylation is specifically involved in persistent forms of memory. J Neurosci 2013; 33:7603-14. [PMID: 23616565 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4181-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory consolidation requires gene expression regulation by transcription factors, which eventually may induce chromatin modifications as histone acetylation. This mechanism is regulated by histone acetylases and deacetylases. It is not yet clear whether memory consolidation always recruits histone acetylation or it is only engaged in more persistent memories. To address this question, we used different strength of training for novel object recognition task in mice. Only strong training induced a long-lasting memory and an increase in hippocampal histone H3 acetylation. Histone acetylase inhibition in the hippocampus during consolidation impaired memory persistence, whereas histone deacetylase inhibition caused weak memory to persist. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcription factor inhibition impaired memory persistence and, concomitantly, reduced the general level of H3 acetylation. Accordingly, we found an important increase in H3 acetylation at a specific NF-κB-regulated promoter region of the Camk2d gene, which was reversed by NF-kB inhibition. These results show for the first time that histone acetylation is a specific molecular signature of enduring memories.
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Müller CP. Episodic memories and their relevance for psychoactive drug use and addiction. Front Behav Neurosci 2013; 7:34. [PMID: 23734106 PMCID: PMC3661997 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of adult people in western societies regularly consume psychoactive drugs. While this consumption is integrated in everyday life activities and controlled in most consumers, it may escalate and result in drug addiction. Non-addicted drug use requires the systematic establishment of highly organized behaviors, such as drug-seeking and -taking. While a significant role for classical and instrumental learning processes is well established in drug use and abuse, declarative drug memories have largely been neglected in research. Episodic memories are an important part of the declarative memories. Here a role of episodic drug memories in the establishment of non-addicted drug use and its transition to addiction is suggested. In relation to psychoactive drug consumption, episodic drug memories are formed when a person prepares for consumption, when the drug is consumed and, most important, when acute effects, withdrawal, craving, and relapse are experienced. Episodic drug memories are one-trial memories with emotional components that can be much stronger than "normal" episodic memories. Their establishment coincides with drug-induced neuronal activation and plasticity. These memories may be highly extinction resistant and influence psychoactive drug consumption, in particular during initial establishment and at the transition to "drug instrumentalization." In that, understanding how addictive drugs interact with episodic memory circuits in the brain may provide crucial information for how drug use and addiction are established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P. Müller
- Section of Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-NurembergErlangen, Germany
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49
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Liu W, Chang L, Song Y, Gao X, Ling W, Lu T, Zhang Y, Wu Y. Immunolocalization of CaMKII and NR2B in hippocampal subregions of rat during postnatal development. Acta Histochem 2013; 115:264-72. [PMID: 22906554 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the expression of CaMKII and synaptic-associated proteins has been widely studied, the temporospatial distribution of CaMKII and NMDAR subunits in different hippocampal subregions during postnatal development still lacks detailed information. In this study, we used immunofluorescent staining to assess CaMKII and NR2B expressions and the relationship between them in CA1, CA3, and DG of rat hippocampus on postnatal (P) days: P0, P4, P7, P10, P14, P21, P28, and P56. The results showed that from P0 to P56, CaMKII expression increased gradually, while NR2B expression decreased gradually, and the time points of their expression peak differed in CA1, CA3, and DG during postnatal development. Although the expression of CaMKII was negatively correlated with NR2B in CA1 and DG, the coexpression of CaMKII with NR2B existed in CA1, CA3, and DG during postnatal development. Interestingly, after P21, CaMKII expression and the coexpression of CaMKII with NR2B became obvious in the Stratum lucidum of CA3. The specific temporospatial distribution pattern of CaMKII with NR2B might be related to the different physiological functions during postnatal development. Discovery of the alteration of the relationship between expression of CaMKII and NMDAR subunits may be helpful for understanding mechanisms and therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Hypothermia-dependent and -independent effects of forced swim on the phosphorylation states of signaling molecules in mouse hippocampus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 428:475-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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