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Radomsky T, Anderson RC, Millar RP, Newton CL. Restoring function to inactivating G protein-coupled receptor variants in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis 1. J Neuroendocrinol 2024:e13418. [PMID: 38852954 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are central to the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG axis) and include the rhodopsin-like GPCR family members, neurokinin 3 receptor, kappa-opioid receptor, kisspeptin 1 receptor, gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor, and the gonadotropin receptors, luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor. Unsurprisingly, inactivating variants of these receptors have been implicated in a spectrum of reproductive phenotypes, including failure to undergo puberty, and infertility. Clinical induction of puberty in patients harbouring such variants is possible, but restoration of fertility is not always a realisable outcome, particularly for those patients suffering from primary hypogonadism. Thus, novel pharmaceuticals and/or a fundamental change in approach to treating these patients are required. The increasing wealth of data describing the effects of coding-region genetic variants on GPCR function has highlighted that the majority appear to be dysfunctional as a result of misfolding of the encoded receptor protein, which, in turn, results in impaired receptor trafficking through the secretory pathway to the cell surface. As such, these intracellularly retained receptors may be amenable to 'rescue' using a pharmacological chaperone (PC)-based approach. PCs are small, cell permeant molecules hypothesised to interact with misfolded intracellularly retained proteins, stabilising their folding and promoting their trafficking through the secretory pathway. In support of the use of this approach as a viable therapeutic option, it has been observed that many rescued variant GPCRs retain at least a degree of functionality when 'rescued' to the cell surface. In this review, we examine the GPCR PC research landscape, focussing on the rescue of inactivating variant GPCRs with important roles in the HPG axis, and describe what is known regarding the mechanisms by which PCs restore trafficking and function. We also discuss some of the merits and obstacles associated with taking this approach forward into a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarryn Radomsky
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ross C Anderson
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Robert P Millar
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Claire L Newton
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Falfushynska H, Rychter P, Boshtova A, Faidiuk Y, Kasianchuk N, Rzymski P. Illicit Drugs in Surface Waters: How to Get Fish off the Addictive Hook. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:537. [PMID: 38675497 PMCID: PMC11054822 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The United Nations World Drug Report published in 2022 alarmed that the global market of illicit drugs is steadily expanding in space and scale. Substances of abuse are usually perceived in the light of threats to human health and public security, while the environmental aspects of their use and subsequent emissions usually remain less explored. However, as with other human activities, drug production, trade, and consumption of drugs may leave their environmental mark. Therefore, this paper aims to review the occurrence of illicit drugs in surface waters and their bioaccumulation and toxicity in fish. Illicit drugs of different groups, i.e., psychostimulants (methamphetamines/amphetamines, cocaine, and its metabolite benzoylecgonine) and depressants (opioids: morphine, heroin, methadone, fentanyl), can reach the aquatic environment through wastewater discharge as they are often not entirely removed during wastewater treatment processes, resulting in their subsequent circulation in nanomolar concentrations, potentially affecting aquatic biota, including fish. Exposure to such xenobiotics can induce oxidative stress and dysfunction to mitochondrial and lysosomal function, distort locomotion activity by regulating the dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems, increase the predation risk, instigate neurological disorders, disbalance neurotransmission, and produce histopathological alterations in the brain and liver tissues, similar to those described in mammals. Hence, this drugs-related multidimensional harm to fish should be thoroughly investigated in line with environmental protection policies before it is too late. At the same time, selected fish species (e.g., Danio rerio, zebrafish) can be employed as models to study toxic and binge-like effects of psychoactive, illicit compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Falfushynska
- Faculty of Economics, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg, Germany
| | - Piotr Rychter
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42200 Czestochowa, Poland;
| | | | - Yuliia Faidiuk
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53114 Wrocław, Poland;
- Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 2 Prospekt Hlushkov, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154 Zabolotny Str., 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nadiia Kasianchuk
- Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61712 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60806 Poznań, Poland;
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Wallace CW, Holleran KM, Slinkard CY, Centanni SW, Jones SR. Kappa Opioid Receptors Negatively Regulate Real Time Spontaneous Dopamine Signals by Reducing Release and Increasing Uptake. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.05.578840. [PMID: 38370660 PMCID: PMC10871279 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.05.578840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The role of the dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system in dopamine (DA) regulation has been extensively investigated. KOR activation reduces extracellular DA concentrations and increases DA transporter (DAT) activity and trafficking to the membrane. To explore KOR influences on real-time DA fluctuations, we used the photosensor dLight1.2 with fiber photometry in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core of freely moving male and female C57BL/6 mice. First, we established that the rise and fall of spontaneous DA signals were due to DA release and reuptake, respectively. Then mice were systemically administered the KOR agonist U50,488H (U50), with or without pretreatment with the KOR antagonist aticaprant (ATIC). U50 reduced both the amplitude and width of spontaneous signals in males, but only reduced width in females. Further, the slope of the correlation between amplitude and width was increased in both sexes, suggesting that DA uptake rates were increased. U50 also reduced the frequency of signals in both males and females. All effects of KOR activation were stronger in males. Overall, KORs exerted significant inhibitory control over spontaneous DA signaling, acting through at least three mechanisms - inhibiting DA release, promoting DAT-mediated uptake, and reducing the frequency of signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conner W Wallace
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Katherine M Holleran
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Clare Y Slinkard
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Samuel W Centanni
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Sara R Jones
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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Ona G, Reverte I, Rossi GN, Dos Santos RG, Hallak JE, Colomina MT, Bouso JC. Main targets of ibogaine and noribogaine associated with its putative anti-addictive effects: A mechanistic overview. J Psychopharmacol 2023; 37:1190-1200. [PMID: 37937505 DOI: 10.1177/02698811231200882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing interest in studying ibogaine (IBO) as a potential treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs). However, its clinical use has been hindered for mainly two reasons: First, the lack of randomized, controlled studies informing about its safety and efficacy. And second, IBO's mechanisms of action remain obscure. It has been challenging to elucidate a predominant mechanism of action responsible for its anti-addictive effects. OBJECTIVE To describe the main targets of IBO and its main metabolite, noribogaine (NOR), in relation to their putative anti-addictive effects, reviewing the updated literature available. METHODS A comprehensive search involving MEDLINE and Google Scholar was undertaken, selecting papers published until July 2022. The inclusion criteria were both theoretical and experimental studies about the pharmacology of IBO. Additional publications were identified in the references of the initial papers. RESULTS IBO and its main metabolite, NOR, can modulate several targets associated with SUDs. Instead of identifying key targets, the action of IBO should be understood as a complex modulation of multiple receptor systems, leading to potential synergies. The elucidation of IBO's pharmacology could be enhanced through the application of methodologies rooted in the polypharmacology paradigm. Such approaches possess the capability to describe multifaceted patterns within multi-target drugs. CONCLUSION IBO displays complex effects through multiple targets. The information detailed here should guide future research on both mechanistic and therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genís Ona
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Service (ICEERS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Medical Anthropology Research Center (MARC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ingrid Reverte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | - Giordano N Rossi
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafael G Dos Santos
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil
| | - Jaime Ec Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), CNPq, Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Colomina
- Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - José Carlos Bouso
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Service (ICEERS), Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Anthropology Research Center (MARC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Salinsky LM, Merritt CR, Zamora JC, Giacomini JL, Anastasio NC, Cunningham KA. μ-opioid receptor agonists and psychedelics: pharmacological opportunities and challenges. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1239159. [PMID: 37886127 PMCID: PMC10598667 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1239159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid misuse and opioid-involved overdose deaths are a massive public health problem involving the intertwined misuse of prescription opioids for pain management with the emergence of extremely potent fentanyl derivatives, sold as standalone products or adulterants in counterfeit prescription opioids or heroin. The incidence of repeated opioid overdose events indicates a problematic use pattern consistent with the development of the medical condition of opioid use disorder (OUD). Prescription and illicit opioids reduce pain perception by activating µ-opioid receptors (MOR) localized to the central nervous system (CNS). Dysregulation of meso-corticolimbic circuitry that subserves reward and adaptive behaviors is fundamentally involved in the progressive behavioral changes that promote and are consequent to OUD. Although opioid-induced analgesia and the rewarding effects of abused opioids are primarily mediated through MOR activation, serotonin (5-HT) is an important contributor to the pharmacology of opioid abused drugs (including heroin and prescription opioids) and OUD. There is a recent resurgence of interest into psychedelic compounds that act primarily through the 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT 2A R) as a new frontier in combatting such diseases (e.g., depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders). Emerging data suggest that the MOR and 5-HT2AR crosstalk at the cellular level and within key nodes of OUD circuitry, highlighting a major opportunity for novel pharmacological intervention for OUD. There is an important gap in the preclinical profiling of psychedelic 5-HT2AR agonists in OUD models. Further, as these molecules carry risks, additional analyses of the profiles of non-hallucinogenic 5-HT2AR agonists and/or 5-HT2AR positive allosteric modulators may provide a new pathway for 5-HT2AR therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the opportunities and challenges associated with utilizing 5-HT2AR agonists as therapeutics for OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Noelle C. Anastasio
- Center for Addiction Sciences and Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Kathryn A. Cunningham
- Center for Addiction Sciences and Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Beck TC, Wilson EM, Wilkes E, Lee LW, Norris R, Valdebran M. Kappa opioid agonists in the treatment of itch: just scratching the surface? ITCH (PHILADELPHIA, PA.) 2023; 8:e0072. [PMID: 38099236 PMCID: PMC10720604 DOI: 10.1097/itx.0000000000000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pruritus is a debilitating condition affecting 23-44 million Americans. Recently, kappa opioid agonists (KOAs) have emerged as a novel class of potent antipruritic agents. In 2021, the Food and Drug Administration approved difelikefalin (Korsuva) for the treatment of moderate-to-severe pruritus associated with chronic kidney disease in adults undergoing hemodialysis. Difelikefalin is a potent, peripherally restricted KOA that is intravenously available. Although promising, difelikefalin is currently available as an intravenous composition only, limiting the scope of use. Oral formulations of difelikefalin did not meet the primary endpoint criteria in recent phase 2 clinical trials; however, additional clinical studies are ongoing. The future for KOAs in the treatment of pruritus is encouraging. Orally active pathway-biased KOAs, such as triazole 1.1, may serve as viable alternatives with broader applications. Extended-release compositions, such as the TP-2021 ProNeura subdermal implant, may circumvent the pharmacokinetic issues associated with peptide-based KOAs. Lastly, dual-acting kappa opioid receptor agonist/mu opioid receptor antagonists are orally bioavailable and may be useful in the treatment of various forms of chronic itch. In this review, we summarize the results of KOAs in clinical and preclinical trials and discuss future directions of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler C. Beck
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatological Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Elena M. Wilson
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatological Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Erik Wilkes
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Lara Wine Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatological Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Russell Norris
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Manuel Valdebran
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatological Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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Özkan-Kotiloğlu S, Kaya-Akyüzlü D, Yurdakul R, Yıldırım MA, Özgür-İlhan İ. Effect of PDYN and OPRK1 polymorphisms on the risk of alcohol use disorder and the intensity of depressive symptoms. Alcohol Alcohol 2023:7161013. [PMID: 37177778 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The dynorphin (DYN)/Kappa Opioid Receptor (KOR) system has been suggested to be involved in both negative affective states and the action of alcohol. The present study was undertaken to explore whether the DYN/KOR system genes, PDYN and OPRK1, influence on individual differences in the intensity of depressive symptoms at admission as well as the risk of alcohol use disorder (AUD) risk in a sample of 101 individuals with AUD and 100 controls. METHODS PDYN (rs2281285, rs2225749 and rs910080) and OPRK1 (rs6473797, rs963549 and rs997917) polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. The intensity of depressive and anxiety symptoms and craving were measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Penn Alcohol Craving Scale, respectively. RESULTS A significant association between the risk of AUD and OPRK1 rs6473797 (P < 0.05) at the gene level. OPRK1 rs6473797 CC genotype was found to lead to a 3.11 times greater alcohol dependence risk. In addition, the BDI-II score of the OPRK1 rs963549 CC genotype was found to be significantly lower (20.9 ± 11.2, min: 1.0, max: 48.0) than that of the CT + TT genotypes (27.04 ± 12.7, min: 0.0, max: 49.0) (t: -2.332, P = 0.022). None of the PDYN polymorphisms were associated with BDI-II score. CONCLUSION Variations in the KOR are associated with the risk of AUD and the intensity of depressive symptoms at admission at the gene level in Turkish males. On the other hand, PDYN gene seemed not to be associated with AUD, depression, anxiety, and craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Özkan-Kotiloğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Art, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, 40100, Turkey
| | - Dilek Kaya-Akyüzlü
- Department of Forensic Biology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, 06590, Turkey
| | - Rabia Yurdakul
- Department of Forensic Biology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, 06590, Turkey
- Department of Interdisciplinary Forensic Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, 06110, Turkey
| | - Mukaddes Asena Yıldırım
- Department of Forensic Biology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, 06590, Turkey
- Department of Interdisciplinary Forensic Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, 06110, Turkey
| | - İnci Özgür-İlhan
- Department of Mental Health and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, 06590, Turkey
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Cippitelli A, Zribi G, Toll L. PPL-103: A mixed opioid partial agonist with desirable anti-cocaine properties. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 119:110599. [PMID: 35798174 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a persistent public health problem for which no effective medications are available. PPL-103 is an opioid receptor ligand with partial agonist activity at mu, kappa and delta opioid receptors, with a greater efficacy for kappa and low efficacy at mu receptors. Because chronic cocaine use induces changes in the kappa opioid receptor/dynorphin system, we hypothesized that a kappa partial agonist, such as PPL-103, would attenuate the aversive properties of the upregulated kappa system, resulting in effective treatment approach for CUD. We tested the effects of PPL-103 on cocaine self-administration models that recapitulate core aspects of CUD in humans. We found that PPL-103 reduced both long and short access cocaine self-administration, motivation to respond for cocaine, and binge-like cocaine taking, in rats. Operant responding for food, fentanyl and locomotor behavior were not altered at doses that decreased cocaine infusions. Repeated PPL-103 treatment did not lead to tolerance development. PPL-103 also reduced both priming- and cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking, being more effective in the former. Surprisingly, PPL-103 reduced self-administration parameters and reinstatement in rats previously treated with the long-acting kappa receptor antagonist JDTic more potently than in non-JDTic treated animals, whereas naltrexone injected to rats subsequent to JDTic administration increased self-administration, suggesting that the partial mu agonist activity, rather than kappa agonism is important for reduction in cocaine taking and seeking. However, partial kappa activation seems to increase safety by limiting dysphoria, tolerance and addiction development. PPL-103 displays a desirable profile as a possible CUD pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cippitelli
- Biomedical Science Department, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States.
| | - Gilles Zribi
- Biomedical Science Department, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Lawrence Toll
- Biomedical Science Department, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
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Role of alpha-2 adrenergic and kappa opioid receptors in the effects of alcohol gavage-induced dependence on alcohol seeking. Behav Brain Res 2022; 434:114032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Casello SM, Flores RJ, Yarur HE, Wang H, Awanyai M, Arenivar MA, Jaime-Lara RB, Bravo-Rivera H, Tejeda HA. Neuropeptide System Regulation of Prefrontal Cortex Circuitry: Implications for Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:796443. [PMID: 35800635 PMCID: PMC9255232 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.796443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides, a diverse class of signaling molecules in the nervous system, modulate various biological effects including membrane excitability, synaptic transmission and synaptogenesis, gene expression, and glial cell architecture and function. To date, most of what is known about neuropeptide action is limited to subcortical brain structures and tissue outside of the central nervous system. Thus, there is a knowledge gap in our understanding of neuropeptide function within cortical circuits. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of various families of neuropeptides and their cognate receptors that are expressed in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Specifically, we highlight dynorphin, enkephalin, corticotropin-releasing factor, cholecystokinin, somatostatin, neuropeptide Y, and vasoactive intestinal peptide. Further, we review the implication of neuropeptide signaling in prefrontal cortical circuit function and use as potential therapeutic targets. Together, this review summarizes established knowledge and highlights unknowns of neuropeptide modulation of neural function underlying various biological effects while offering insights for future research. An increased emphasis in this area of study is necessary to elucidate basic principles of the diverse signaling molecules used in cortical circuits beyond fast excitatory and inhibitory transmitters as well as consider components of neuropeptide action in the PFC as a potential therapeutic target for neurological disorders. Therefore, this review not only sheds light on the importance of cortical neuropeptide studies, but also provides a comprehensive overview of neuropeptide action in the PFC to serve as a roadmap for future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne M. Casello
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rodolfo J. Flores
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hector E. Yarur
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Huikun Wang
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Monique Awanyai
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Miguel A. Arenivar
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rosario B. Jaime-Lara
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hector Bravo-Rivera
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hugo A. Tejeda
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Hugo A. Tejeda,
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Deji C, Yan P, Ji Y, Yan X, Feng Y, Liu J, Liu Y, Wei S, Zhu Y, Lai J. The Basolateral Amygdala to Ventral Hippocampus Circuit Controls Anxiety-Like Behaviors Induced by Morphine Withdrawal. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:894886. [PMID: 35726232 PMCID: PMC9205755 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.894886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is one of the most common comorbid conditions reported in people with opioid dependence. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) and ventral hippocampus (vHip) are critical brain regions for fear and anxiety. The kappa opioid receptor (KOR) is present in the mesolimbic regions involved in emotions and addiction. However, the precise circuits and molecular basis underlying anxiety associated with chronic opioid use are poorly understood. Using a mouse model, we demonstrated that anxiety-like behaviors appeared in the first 2 weeks after morphine withdrawal. Furthermore, the BLA and vHip were activated in mice experiencing anxiety after morphine withdrawal (Mor-A). KORs in the BLA to vHip projections were significantly increased in the Mor-A group. Optogenetic/chemogenetic inhibition of BLA inputs ameliorated anxiety-like behaviors and facilitated conditioned place preference (CPP) extinction in Mor-A mice. Knockdown of the BLA to vHip circuit KOR alleviated the anxiety-like behaviors but did not affect CPP extinction or reinstatement. Furthermore, combined treatment of inhibition of the BLA to vHip circuit and KOR antagonists mitigated anxiety-like behaviors and prevented stress-induced CPP reinstatement after morphine withdrawal. These results revealed a previously unknown circuit associated with the emotional component of opioid withdrawal and indicated that restoration of synaptic deficits with KOR antagonists might be effective in the treatment of anxiety associated with morphine withdrawal.
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Kaya-Akyüzlü D, Özkan-Kotiloğlu S, Yalçın-Şahiner Ş, Ağtaş-Ertan E, Özgür-İlhan İ. Association of PDYN 68-bp VNTR polymorphism with sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone treatment and with opioid or alcohol use disorder: Effect on craving, depression, anxiety and age onset of first use. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 921:174862. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Hadizadeh H, Flores J, Nunes E, Mayerson T, Potenza MN, Angarita GA. Novel Pharmacological Agents for the Treatment of Cocaine Use Disorder. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-022-00246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Davis S, Zhu J. Substance abuse and neurotransmission. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 93:403-441. [PMID: 35341573 PMCID: PMC9759822 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The number of people who suffer from a substance abuse disorder has continued to rise over the last decade; particularly, the number of drug-related overdose deaths has sharply increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Converging lines of clinical observations, supported by imaging and neuropsychological performance testing, have demonstrated that substance abuse-induced dysregulation of neurotransmissions in the brain is critical for development and expression of the addictive properties of abused substances. Recent scientific advances have allowed for better understanding of the neurobiological processes that mediates drugs of abuse and addiction. This chapter presents the past classic concepts and the recent advances in our knowledge about how cocaine, amphetamines, opioids, alcohol, and nicotine alter multiple neurotransmitter systems, which contribute to the behaviors associated with each drug. Additionally, we discuss the interactive effects of HIV-1 or COVID-19 and substance abuse on neurotransmission and neurobiological pathways. Finally, we introduce therapeutic strategies for development of pharmacotherapies for substance abuse disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Davis
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.
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15
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Almeida CAF, Pereira-Junior AA, Rangel JG, Pereira BP, Costa KCM, Bruno V, Silveira GO, Ceron CS, Yonamine M, Camarini R, Garcia RCT, Marcourakis T, Torres LH. Ayahuasca, a psychedelic beverage, modulates neuroplasticity induced by ethanol in mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 416:113546. [PMID: 34437939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder needs more effective treatments because relapse rates remain high. Psychedelics, such as ayahuasca, have been used to treat substance use disorders. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of ayahuasca on ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization (EIBS). Swiss mice received 2.2 g/kg ethanol or saline IP injections every other day across nine days (D1, D3, D5, D7, and D9), and locomotor activity was evaluated 10 min after each injection. Then, animals were treated daily with ayahuasca (corresponding to 1.76 mg/kg of N,N-dimethyltryptamine, DMT) or water by oral gavage for eight consecutive days. On the seventh day, mice were evaluated in the elevated plus maze. Then, mice were challenged with a single dose of ethanol to measure their locomotor activity. Dopamine receptors, serotonin receptors, dynorphin, and prodynorphin levels were quantified in the striatum and hippocampus by blot analysis. Repeated ethanol administration resulted in EIBS. However, those animals treated with ayahuasca had an attenuated EIBS. Moreover, ayahuasca reduced the anxiogenic response to ethanol withdrawal and prevented the ethanol-induced changes on 5-HT1a receptor and prodynorphin levels in the hippocampus and reduced ethanol effects in the dynorphin/prodynorphin ratio levels in the striatum. These results suggest a potential application of ayahuasca to modulate the neuroplastic changes induced by ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Aparecida Faria Almeida
- Department of Food and Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro Da Silva, 700, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Antonio Alves Pereira-Junior
- Department of Food and Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro Da Silva, 700, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Gonçalves Rangel
- Department of Food and Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro Da Silva, 700, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna Pinheiro Pereira
- Department of Food and Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro Da Silva, 700, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Karla Cristinne Mancini Costa
- Department of Food and Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro Da Silva, 700, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Vitor Bruno
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13B, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Oliveira Silveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13B, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Speroni Ceron
- Department of Food and Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro Da Silva, 700, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Yonamine
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13B, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosana Camarini
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, Prédio 1, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Raphael Caio Tamborelli Garcia
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau, 210, 1° Andar, 09913-030, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Tania Marcourakis
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13B, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Helena Torres
- Department of Food and Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro Da Silva, 700, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
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16
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Neuropeptides as the Shared Genetic Crosstalks Linking Periodontitis and Major Depression Disorder. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:3683189. [PMID: 34721734 PMCID: PMC8553477 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3683189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was at investigating the association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and periodontitis based on crosstalk genes and neuropeptides. Methods Datasets for periodontitis (GSE10334, GSE16134, and GSE23586) and MDD (GSE38206 and GSE39653) were downloaded from GEO. Following batch correction, a differential expression analysis was applied (MDD: ∣log2FC | >0 and periodontitis ∣log2FC | ≥0.5, p < 0.05). The neuropeptide data were downloaded from NeuroPep and NeuroPedia. Intersected genes were potential crosstalk genes. The correlation between neuropeptides and crosstalk genes in MDD and periodontitis was analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient. Subsequently, regression analysis was performed to calculate the differentially regulated link. Cytoscape was used to map the pathways of crosstalk genes and neuropeptides and to construct the protein-protein interaction network. Lasso regression was applied to screen neuropeptides, whereby boxplots were created, and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was conducted. Results The MDD dataset contained 30 case and 33 control samples, and the periodontitis dataset contained 430 case and 139 control samples. 35 crosstalk genes were obtained. A total of 102 neuropeptides were extracted from the database, which were not differentially expressed in MDD and periodontitis and had no intersection with crosstalk genes. Through lasso regression, 9 neuropeptides in MDD and 43 neuropeptides in periodontitis were obtained. Four intersected neuropeptide genes were obtained, i.e., ADM, IGF2, PDYN, and RETN. The results of ROC analysis showed that IGF2 was highly predictive in MDD and periodontitis. ADM was better than the other three genes in predicting MDD disease. A total of 13 crosstalk genes were differentially coexpressed with four neuropeptides, whereby FOSB was highly expressed in MDD and periodontitis. Conclusion The neuropeptide genes ADM, IGF2, PDYN, and RETN were intersected between periodontitis and MDD, and FOSB was a crosstalk gene related to these neuropeptides on the transcriptomic level. These results are a basis for future research in the field, needing further validation.
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Stancil SL, Abdel-Rahman S, Wagner J. Developmental Considerations for the Use of Naltrexone in Children and Adolescents. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2021; 26:675-695. [PMID: 34588931 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-26.7.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Naltrexone (NTX) is a well-tolerated drug with a wide safety margin and mechanism of action that affords use across a wide variety of indications in adults and children. By antagonizing the opioid reward system, NTX can modulate behaviors that involve compulsivity or impulsivity, such as substance use, obesity, and eating disorders. Evidence regarding the disposition and efficacy of NTX is mainly derived from adult studies of substance use disorders and considerable variability exists. Developmental changes, plausible disease-specific alterations and genetic polymorphisms in NTX disposition, and pharmacodynamic pathways should be taken into consideration when optimizing the use of NTX in the pediatric population. This review highlights the current state of the evidence and gaps in knowledge regarding NTX to facilitate evidence-based pharmacotherapy of mental health conditions, for which few pharmacologic options exist.
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18
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Wu B, Hand W, Alexov E. Opioid Addiction and Opioid Receptor Dimerization: Structural Modeling of the OPRD1 and OPRM1 Heterodimer and Its Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910290. [PMID: 34638633 PMCID: PMC8509015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid addiction is a complex phenomenon with genetic, social, and other components. Due to such complexity, it is difficult to interpret the outcome of clinical studies, and thus, mutations found in individuals with these addictions are still not indisputably classified as opioid addiction-causing variants. Here, we computationally investigated two such mutations, A6V and N40D, found in the mu opioid receptor gene OPRM1. The mutations are located in the extracellular domain of the corresponding protein, which is important to the hetero-dimerization of OPRM1 with the delta opioid receptor protein (OPRD1). The hetero-dimerization of OPRD1-OPRM1 affects the signaling pathways activated by opioids and natural peptides and, thus, could be considered a factor contributing to addiction. In this study, we built four 3D structures of molecular pathways, including the G-protein signaling pathway and the β-arrestin signaling pathway of the heterodimer of OPRD1-OPRM1. We also analyzed the effect of mutations of A6V and N40D on the stability of individual OPRM1/OPRD1 molecules and the OPRD1-OPRM1 heterodimer with the goal of inferring their plausible linkage with opioid addiction. It was found that both mutations slightly destabilize OPRM1/OPRD1 monomers and weaken their association. Since hetero-dimerization is a key step for signaling processes, it is anticipated that both mutations may be causing increased addiction risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohua Wu
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
| | - William Hand
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Prisma Health, Greenville, SC 29605, USA;
| | - Emil Alexov
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
- Correspondence:
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19
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Ona G, Sampedro F, Romero S, Valle M, Camacho V, Migliorelli C, Mañanas MÁ, Antonijoan RM, Puntes M, Coimbra J, Ballester MR, Garrido M, Riba J. The Kappa Opioid Receptor and the Sleep of Reason: Cortico-Subcortical Imbalance Following Salvinorin-A. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 25:54-63. [PMID: 34537829 PMCID: PMC8756086 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms through which kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists induce psychotomimetic effects are largely unknown, although the modulation of this receptor has attracted attention for its clinical use. In this work, we characterize the neuropharmacological effects of salvinorin-A, a highly selective KOR agonist. METHODS Changes in multimodal electroencephalography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and subjective effects following the acute administration of salvinorin-A are reported. The study included 2 sub-studies that employed a double-blind, crossover, randomized, placebo-controlled design. RESULTS The electroencephalography measures showed a marked increase in delta and gamma waves and a decrease in alpha waves while subjects were under the effect of salvinorin-A. Regarding single-photon emission computed tomography measures, significant decreases in regional cerebral blood flow were detected in multiple regions of the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital cortices. Significant regional cerebral blood flow increases were observed in some regions of the medial temporal lobe, including the amygdala, the hippocampal gyrus, and the cerebellum. The pattern of subjective effects induced by salvinorin-A was similar to those observed in relation to other psychotomimetic drugs but with an evidently dissociative nature. No dysphoric effects were reported. CONCLUSION The salvinorin-A-mediated KOR agonism induced dramatic psychotomimetic effects along with a generalized decrease in cerebral blood flow and electric activity within the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genís Ona
- Human Neuropsychopharmacology Group, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederic Sampedro
- Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain,Correspondence: Frederic Sampedro, PhD, Hospital de Sant Pau Research Institute, Sant Quintí Street number 77, 08041 Barcelona, Spain ()
| | - Sergio Romero
- Department of Automatic Control (ESAII), Biomedical Engineering Research Center (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Valle
- Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valle Camacho
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Migliorelli
- Department of Automatic Control (ESAII), Biomedical Engineering Research Center (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Mañanas
- Department of Automatic Control (ESAII), Biomedical Engineering Research Center (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Antonijoan
- Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain,Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Montserrat Puntes
- Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jimena Coimbra
- Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Rosa Ballester
- Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain,Blanquerna School of Health Science, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maite Garrido
- Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Riba
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht,the Netherlands
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20
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Zhao Y, Joshi AA, Aldrich JV, Murray TF. Quantification of kappa opioid receptor ligand potency, efficacy and desensitization using a real-time membrane potential assay. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112173. [PMID: 34536757 PMCID: PMC8516733 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the utility of the real-time FLIPR Membrane Potential (FMP) assay as a method to assess kappa opioid receptor (KOR)-induced hyperpolarization. The FMP Blue dye was used to measure fluorescent signals reflecting changes in membrane potential in KOR expressing CHO (CHO-KOR) cells. Treatment of CHO-KOR cells with kappa agonists U50,488 or dynorphin [Dyn (1-13)NH2] produced rapid and concentration-dependent decreases in FMP Blue fluorescence reflecting membrane hyperpolarization. Both the nonselective opioid antagonist naloxone and the κ-selective antagonists nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) and zyklophin produced rightward shifts in the U50,488 concentration-response curves, consistent with competitive antagonism of the KOR mediated response. The decrease in fluorescent emission produced by U50,488 was blocked by overnight pertussis toxin pretreatment, indicating the requirement for PTX-sensitive G proteins in the KOR mediated response. We directly compared the potency of U50,488 and Dyn (1-13)NH2 in the FMP and [35S]GTPγS binding assays, and found that both were approximately 10 times more potent in the cellular fluorescence assay. The maximum responses of both U50,488 and Dyn (1-13)NH2 declined following repeated additions, reflecting receptor desensitization. We assessed the efficacy and potency of structurally distinct KOR small molecule and peptide ligands. The FMP assay reliably detected both partial agonists and stereoselectivity. Using KOR-selective peptides with varying efficacies, we found that the FMP assay allowed high throughput quantification of peptide efficacy. These data demonstrate that the FMP assay is a sensitive method for assessing κ-opioid receptor induced hyperpolarization, and represents a useful approach for quantification of potency, efficacy and desensitization of KOR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Anand A Joshi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
| | - Jane V Aldrich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas F Murray
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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21
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Leyrer-Jackson JM, Overby PF, Bull A, Marusich JA, Gipson CD. Strain and sex matters: Differences in nicotine self-administration between outbred and recombinase-driver transgenic rat lines. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2021; 29:375-384. [PMID: 32297781 PMCID: PMC8375641 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies of nicotine self-administration provide important value for the field as they are highly rigorous, controlled, can be conducted quickly, and are generalizable to humans. Given the translational value of the nicotine self-administration model, and the relatively new guidelines of the National Institutes of Health to include sex as a biological variable, strain and sex differences in nicotine acquisition were examined here in two outbred rat strains. Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Long-Evans (LE; wildtype and cholinergic acetyltransferase cre-recombinase transgenic) rats of each sex were implanted with indwelling intravenous jugular catheters. Rats were trained to self-administer nicotine (0.02 mg/kg per infusion, paired with contingent light + tone stimuli). Acquisition criteria were set at a minimum active:inactive response ratio of 2:1 and a minimum of 10 infusions per session, both of which had to be met for a minimum of 10 sessions. Across 10 sessions, male SD rats self-administered significantly more nicotine than female SD rats (p < .05), indicating a sex difference in this strain. LE females self-administered more nicotine than SD females indicative of a strain difference between females (p < .05). SD males increased nicotine infusions across sessions compared to LE males and SD females (p < .05). No strain or sex differences were observed in the number of sessions to reach criteria. No differences between wildtype and transgenic LE rats were observed. These results demonstrate sex and strain differences in nicotine self-administration between SD and LE rats and may lend insight into development of other nicotine self-administration models, where sex and strain may impact acquisition. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula F. Overby
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Amanda Bull
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Julie A. Marusich
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cassandra D. Gipson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington Kentucky, USA,Correspondence to: Cassandra D. Gipson, Ph.D., Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone, BBSRB Room 363, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA,
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22
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Angarita GA, Hadizadeh H, Cerdena I, Potenza MN. Can pharmacotherapy improve treatment outcomes in people with co-occurring major depressive and cocaine use disorders? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:1669-1683. [PMID: 34042556 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1931684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and cocaine use disorder (CUD) are prevalent and frequently co-occur. When co-occurring, the presence of one disorder typically negatively impacts the prognosis for the other. Given the clinical relevance, we sought to examine pharmacotherapies for co-occurring CUD and MDD. While multiple treatment options have been examined in the treatment of each condition individually, studies exploring pharmacological options for their comorbidity are fewer and not conclusive.Areas Covered: For this review, the authors searched the literature in PubMed using clinical query options for therapies and keywords relating to each condition. Then, they described potentially promising pharmacologic therapeutic options based on shared mechanisms between the two conditions and/or results from individual clinical trials conducted to date.Expert opinion: Medications like stimulants, dopamine (D3) receptors partial agonists or antagonists, antagonists of kappa opioid receptors, topiramate, and ketamine could be promising as there is significant overlap relating to reward deficiency models, antireward pathways, and altered glutamatergic systems. However, the available clinical literature on any one of these types of agents is mixed. Additionally, for some agents there is possible concern related to abuse potential (e.g. ketamine and stimulants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Angarita
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hasti Hadizadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ignacio Cerdena
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA.,Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
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23
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Kappa Opioid Receptor Mediated Differential Regulation of Serotonin and Dopamine Transporters in Mood and Substance Use Disorder. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 271:97-112. [PMID: 34136961 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dynorphin (DYN) is an endogenous neurosecretory peptide which exerts its activity by binding to the family of G protein-coupled receptors, namely the kappa opioid receptor (KOR). Opioids are associated with pain, analgesia, and drug abuse, which play a central role in mood disorders with monoamine neurotransmitter interactions. Growing evidence demonstrates the cellular signaling cascades linked to KOR-mediated monoamine transporters regulation in cell models and native brain tissues. This chapter will review DYN/KOR role in mood and addiction in relevance to dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmissions. Also, we discuss the recent findings on KOR-mediated differential regulation of serotonin and dopamine transporters (SERT and DAT). These findings led to a better understanding of the role of DYN/KOR system in aminergic neurotransmission via its modulatory effect on both amine release and clearance. Detailed knowledge of these processes at the molecular level enables designing novel pharmacological reagents to target transporter motifs to treat mood and addiction and reduce unwanted side effects such as aversion, dysphoria, sedation, and psychomimesis.
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Shi L, Wang Y, Li C, Zhang K, Du Q, Zhao M. AddictGene: An integrated knowledge base for differentially expressed genes associated with addictive substance. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2416-2422. [PMID: 34025933 PMCID: PMC8113760 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Addiction, a disorder of maladaptive brain plasticity, is associated with changes in numerous gene expressions. Nowadays, high-throughput sequencing data on addictive substance-induced gene expression have become widely available. A resource for comprehensive annotation of genes that show differential expression in response to commonly abused substances is necessary. So, we developed AddictGene by integrating gene expression, gene-gene interaction, gene-drug interaction and epigenetic regulatory annotation for over 70,156 items of differentially expressed genes associated with 7 commonly abused substances, including alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, morphine, heroin, methamphetamine, and amphetamine, across three species (human, mouse, rat). We also collected 1,141 addiction-related experimentally validated genes by techniques such as RT-PCR, northern blot and in situ hybridization. The easy-to-use web interface of AddictGene (http://159.226.67.237/sun/addictgedb/) allows users to search and browse multidimensional data on DEGs of their interest: 1) detailed gene-specific information extracted from the original studies; 2) basic information about the specific gene extracted from NCBI; 3) SNP associated with substance dependence and other psychiatry disorders; 4) expression alteration of specific gene in other psychiatric disorders; 5) expression patterns of interested gene across 31 primary and 54 secondary human tissues; 6) functional annotation of interested gene; 7) epigenetic regulators involved in the alteration of specific genes, including histone modifications and DNA methylation; 8) protein-protein interaction for functional linkage with interested gene; 9) drug-gene interaction for potential druggability. AddictGene offers a valuable repository for researchers to study the molecular mechanisms underlying addiction, and might provide valuable insights into potential therapies for drug abuse and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisheng Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Kunlin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Quansheng Du
- Department of Life Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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25
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Spampinato SM. Overview of Genetic Analysis of Human Opioid Receptors. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2201:3-13. [PMID: 32975784 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0884-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The human μ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1 ), due to its genetic and structural variation, has been a target of interest in several pharmacogenetic studies. The μ-opioid receptor (MOR ), encoded by OPRM1 , contributes to regulate the analgesic response to pain and also controls the rewarding effects of many drugs of abuse, including opioids, nicotine, and alcohol. Genetic polymorphisms of opioid receptors are candidates for the variability of clinical opioid effects. The non-synonymous polymorphism A118G of the OPRM1 has been repeatedly associated with the efficacy of treatments for pain and various types of dependence. Genetic analysis of human opioid receptors has evidenced the presence of numerous polymorphisms either in exonic or in intronic sequences as well as the presence of synonymous coding variants that may have important effects on transcription, mRNA stability, and splicing, thus affecting gene function despite not directly disrupting any specific residue. Genotyping of opioid receptors is still in its infancy and a relevant progress in this field can be achieved by using advanced gene sequencing techniques described in this review that allow researchers to obtain vast quantities of data on human genomes and transcriptomes in a brief period of time and with affordable costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi M Spampinato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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26
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Daiwile AP, Jayanthi S, Cadet JL. Sex- and Brain Region-specific Changes in Gene Expression in Male and Female Rats as Consequences of Methamphetamine Self-administration and Abstinence. Neuroscience 2020; 452:265-279. [PMID: 33242543 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in METH use exist among human METH users and in animal models of METH addiction. Herein, we tried to identify potential differences in gene expression between female and male rats after Methamphetamine self-administration (METH SA). Rats were trained to self-administer METH using two 3-hours daily sessions for 20 days. Cue-induced drug seeking was measured on withdrawal days 3 (WD3) and 30 (WD30). Rats were euthanized twenty-four hours after WD30. Prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP) were dissected to measure mRNA expression. Both female and male rats increased their METH intake and showed increased METH seeking during withdrawal. Female had higher basal level expression of hypocretin receptor 1 (Hcrtr1) and prodynorphin (Pdyn) mRNAs in the PFC and HIP. Basal corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (Crhr1), Crh receptor 2 (Crhr2), hypocretin receptor 2 (Hcrtr2) and opioid receptor kappa 1 (Oprk1) mRNA levels were higher in the PFC of females. Male rats had higher basal levels of Crh and Crhr1 in HIP. METH SA was associated with increased Crh and Crhr1 in the HIP of both sexes and Crhr2 only in female HIP. Importantly, increased Crh and Crhr1 mRNA levels correlated positively with incubation of METH craving in both sexes, supporting their potential involvement, in part, in the regulation of this behavioral phenomenon. When taken together, our results identified sexual dimorphic baseline differences in rats. We also detected dimorphic responses in animals that had self-administered METH. These observations highlight the importance of understanding the molecular neurobiology of sex differences when therapeutic interventions are planned against METH addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul P Daiwile
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Subramaniam Jayanthi
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
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27
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Social interaction reward: A resilience approach to overcome vulnerability to drugs of abuse. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 37:12-28. [PMID: 32624295 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a multifactorial disorder resulting from the complex interaction between biological, environmental and drug-induced effects. Generally, stress is a well-known risk factor for the development of drug addiction and relapse. While most of the research focuses on risk factors that increase the vulnerability to drugs of abuse, recent studies are focusing on the areas of strength/positive coping approaches that can increase resistance to drugs of abuse. In this review, we concentrate on resilience, seen as a dynamic process, which can allow individuals to positively adapt within the context of a specific risk for psychiatric illness. Here, we discuss the effects of social stress in animal models on drug use, particularly cocaine. In contrast, we suggest social interaction reward when available as an alternative to drug use as an approach contracting negative stress effects and increasing resistance to drug use. Indeed, interventions, which aim at enhancing resilience to stress through the facilitation of social interaction and the enhancement of social support, could be particularly effective in helping people cope with stress and preventing drug use problems or relapse. Finally, understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying protective factors such as social interaction reward should provide the basis for future evidence-based interventions targeting substance abuse and stress-related pathologies.
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28
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Lewicky JD, Fraleigh NL, Boraman A, Martel AL, Nguyen TMD, Schiller PW, Shiao TC, Roy R, Montaut S, Le HT. Mannosylated glycoliposomes for the delivery of a peptide kappa opioid receptor antagonist to the brain. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 154:290-296. [PMID: 32717389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Dynantin is a potent and selective synthetic polypeptide kappa opioid receptor antagonist which has potential antidepressant and anxiolytic-like therapeutic applications, however its clinical development has been hampered by plasma stability issues and poor penetration of the blood brain barrier. Targeted liposome delivery systems represent a promising and non-invasive approach to improving the delivery of therapeutic agents across the blood brain barrier. As part of our work focused on targeted drug delivery, we have developed a novel mannosylated liposome system. Herein, we investigate these glycoliposomes for the targeted delivery of dynantin to the central nervous system. Cholesterol was tested and optimized as a formulation excipient, where it improved particle stability as measured via particle size, entrapment and ex vivo plasma stability of dynantin. The in vitro PRESTO-TANGO assay system was used to confirm that glycoliposomal entrapment did not impact the affinity or activity of the peptide at its receptor. Finally, in vivo distribution studies in mice showed that the mannosylated glycoliposomes significantly improved delivery of dynantin to the brain. Overall, the results clearly demonstrate the potential of our glycoliposomes as a targeted delivery system for therapeutic agents of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D Lewicky
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Road, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2H2, Canada
| | - Nya L Fraleigh
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Road, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2H2, Canada
| | - Amanda Boraman
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Road, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2H2, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Alexandrine L Martel
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Road, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2H2, Canada
| | - Thi M-D Nguyen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, 110 Pine Avenue W, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Peter W Schiller
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, 110 Pine Avenue W, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montreal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Tze Chieh Shiao
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - René Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Sabine Montaut
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada; Biomolecular Sciences Programme, Laurentian University, Subdury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hoang-Thanh Le
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Road, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2H2, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada; Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Medicinal Sciences Division, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada; Department of Biology, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada.
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29
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Kaye AD, Koress CM, Novitch MB, Jung JW, Urits I, Viswanath O, Renschler JS, Alpaugh ES, Cornett EM. Pharmacogenomics, concepts for the future of perioperative medicine and pain management: A review. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2020; 34:651-662. [PMID: 33004174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genetic differences between individuals affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. These differences are apparent to clinicians when taking into account the wide range of responses to medications given in clinical practice. A review of literature involving pharmacogenomics and pain management was performed. The implementation of preoperative pharmacogenomics will allow us to better care for our patients by delivering personalized, safer medicine. This review describes the current state of pharmacogenomics as it relates to many aspects of clinical practice and how clinicians can use these tools to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Kaye
- Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, USA.
| | - Cody M Koress
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Matthew B Novitch
- University of Washington, Department of Anesthesiology, Seattle, WA, USA; Mount Sinai Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Miami Beach, FL, USA.
| | - Jai Won Jung
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Ivan Urits
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Omar Viswanath
- Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, USA; Valley Pain Consultants - Envision Physician Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Creighton University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Omaha, NE, USA; University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Department of Anesthesiology Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | | | - Edward S Alpaugh
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Elyse M Cornett
- Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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30
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Xu L, Nan J, Lan Y. The Nucleus Accumbens: A Common Target in the Comorbidity of Depression and Addiction. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 14:37. [PMID: 32694984 PMCID: PMC7338554 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The comorbidity of depression and addiction has become a serious public health issue, and the relationship between these two disorders and their potential mechanisms has attracted extensive attention. Numerous studies have suggested that depression and addiction share common mechanisms and anatomical pathways. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) has long been considered a key brain region for regulating many behaviors, especially those related to depression and addiction. In this review article, we focus on the association between addiction and depression, highlighting the potential mediating role of the NAc in this comorbidity via the regulation of changes in the neural circuits and molecular signaling. To clarify the mechanisms underlying this association, we summarize evidence from overlapping reward neurocircuitry, the resemblance of cellular and molecular mechanisms, and common treatments. Understanding the interplay between these disorders should help guide clinical comorbidity prevention and the search for a new target for comorbidity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University School of Medicine, Yanji City, China
| | - Jun Nan
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji City, China
| | - Yan Lan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University School of Medicine, Yanji City, China
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31
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Pani PP, Maremmani AGI, Pacini M, Trogu E, Gessa GL, Ruiz P, Maremmani I. Delineating the Psychic Structure of Substance Use and Addictions, from Neurobiology to Clinical Implications: Ten Years Later. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061913. [PMID: 32570932 PMCID: PMC7356689 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of substance use disorder is currently based on the presence of specifically identified behavioral symptoms. In addition, other psychiatric signs and symptoms accompany addictive behavior, contributing to the full picture of patients’ psychopathologic profile. Historically, such symptoms were confined within the framework of “comorbidity”, as comorbid psychiatric disorders or personality traits. However, an alternative unitary view of the psychopathology of addiction, inclusive of related psychiatric symptoms, has been claimed, with the support of epidemiological, neurobiological, and neuropsychological evidence. In the present article, we highlight the research advancements that strengthen this unified perspective. We then give an account of our group’s definition of a specific SCL-90-based construct of the psychopathology of addiction. Lastly, we discuss the benefits that can be expected to be acquired in the evaluation and treatment of patients with a longitudinal approach including psychological/psychiatric predisposing features, addictive behavior, and psychiatric manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Paolo Pani
- Social-Health Services, Azienda Tutela Salute Sardegna (Sardinia Health Trust), 09128 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Angelo G. I. Maremmani
- Department of Psychiatry, North-Western Tuscany Local Health Unit, Tuscany NHS, Versilia Zone, 55049 Viareggio, Italy;
- Association for the Application of Neuroscientific Knowledge to Social Aims (AU-CNS), 55045 Pietrasanta, Italy
- PISA-School of Experimental and Clinical Psychiatry, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Pacini
- G. De Lisio Institute of Behavioral Sciences, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
| | | | - Gian Luigi Gessa
- Emeritus of Neuropharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Pedro Ruiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Icro Maremmani
- PISA-School of Experimental and Clinical Psychiatry, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- G. De Lisio Institute of Behavioral Sciences, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
- Vincent P. Dole Dual Disorder Unit, 2nd Psychiatric Unit, Santa Chiara University Hospital, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-993045
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32
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Effects of Kappa opioid receptor blockade by LY2444296 HCl, a selective short-acting antagonist, during chronic extended access cocaine self-administration and re-exposure in rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1147-1160. [PMID: 31915862 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cocaine addiction is a chronic brain disease characterized by compulsive drug intake and dysregulation of brain reward systems. Few preclinical studies have modeled the natural longitudinal course of cocaine addiction. Extended access self-administration protocols are powerful tools for modeling the advanced stages of addiction; however, few studies have duration of drug access longer than 12 h/session, potentially limiting their construct validity. Identification of changes in cocaine intake patterns during the development of addictive-like states may allow better treatments for vulnerable subjects. The kappa opioid receptor (KOPr) system has been implicated in the neurobiological regulation of addictive states as well as mood and stress disorders, with selective KOPr antagonists proposed as possible pharmacotherapeutic agents. Chronic cocaine exposure increases the expression of KOPr and its endogenous agonists, the dynorphins, in several brain areas in rodents. OBJECTIVES To examine the behavioral pattern of intake during chronic (14 days) 18 h intravenous cocaine self-administration (0.5 mg/kg/infusion) and the effect of a novel short-acting KOPr antagonist LY2444296 HCl (3 mg/kg) administered during sessions 8 to 14 of chronic 18 h/day cocaine self-administration and prior to a single re-exposure session after 2 cocaine-free withdrawal days. RESULTS Both daily and hourly cocaine intake patterns changed over 14 days of 18 h self-administration. LY pretreatment affected the pattern of self-administration across the second week of extended access cocaine self-administration and prevented the increase in cocaine intake during re-exposure. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the KOPr antagonist attenuated escalated cocaine consumption in a rat model of extended access cocaine self-administration.
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Drakopoulos A, Koszegi Z, Lanoiselée Y, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Calebiro D, Decker M. Investigation of Inactive-State κ Opioid Receptor Homodimerization via Single-Molecule Microscopy Using New Antagonistic Fluorescent Probes. J Med Chem 2020; 63:3596-3609. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Drakopoulos
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zsombor Koszegi
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT Birmingham, U.K
| | - Yann Lanoiselée
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT Birmingham, U.K
| | - Harald Hübner
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT Birmingham, U.K
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Cornett EM, Carroll Turpin MA, Pinner A, Thakur P, Sekaran TSG, Siddaiah H, Rivas J, Yates A, Huang GJ, Senthil A, Khurmi N, Miller JL, Stark CW, Urman RD, Kaye AD. Pharmacogenomics of Pain Management: The Impact of Specific Biological Polymorphisms on Drugs and Metabolism. Curr Oncol Rep 2020; 22:18. [PMID: 32030524 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-020-0865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pain is multifactorial and complex, often with a genetic component. Pharmacogenomics is a relative new field, which allows for the development of a truly unique and personalized therapeutic approach in the treatment of pain. RECENT FINDINGS Until recently, drug mechanisms in humans were determined by testing that drug in a population and calculating response averages. However, some patients will inevitably fall outside of those averages, and it is nearly impossible to predict who those outliers might be. Pharmacogenetics considers a patient's unique genetic information and allows for anticipation of that individual's response to medication. Pharmacogenomic testing is steadily making progress in the management of pain by being able to identify individual differences in the perception of pain and susceptibility and sensitivity to drugs based on genetic markers. This has a huge potential to increase efficacy and reduce the incidence of iatrogenic drug dependence and addiction. The streamlining of relevant polymorphisms of genes encoding receptors, transporters, and drug-metabolizing enzymes influencing the pain phenotype can be an important guide to develop safe new strategies and approaches to personalized pain management. Additionally, some challenges still prevail and preclude adoption of pharmacogenomic testing universally. These include lack of knowledge about pharmacogenomic testing, inadequate standardization of the process of data handling, questionable benefits about the clinical and financial aspects of pharmacogenomic testing-guided therapy, discrepancies in clinical evidence supporting these tests, and doubtful reimbursement of the tests by health insurance agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse M Cornett
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
| | - Michelle A Carroll Turpin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Houston, Health 2 Building, Room 8037, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Allison Pinner
- Ochsner LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Pankaj Thakur
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ochsner LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | | | - Harish Siddaiah
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ochsner LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Jasmine Rivas
- Department of Family Medicine, ECU Vidant Medical Center, 101 Heart Drive, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Anna Yates
- LSU Health Shreveport School of Medicine, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - G Jason Huang
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Anitha Senthil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, 41Mall Road, Burlington, MA, 01805, USA
| | - Narjeet Khurmi
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 East Mayo Boulevard, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Jenna L Miller
- LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Cain W Stark
- Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 West Watertown Plank Road, Wauwatosa, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Richard D Urman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alan David Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neurosciences, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
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Abstract
This chapter describes recent clinical trials for opioid use disorder (OUD), an area that has rapidly accelerated in response to the opioid overdose crisis in the USA and newly appropriated funding. Trials involve a wide range of compounds including cannabinoids and psychedelics, new and existing compounds targeting domains emerging from addiction neuroscience, agents repurposed from other indications, and novel strategies including vaccines, enzymes, and other biologicals. In parallel, new formulations of existing compounds offer immediate promise, as do a variety of web-based interventions and smartphone-delivered apps. Trials focused on implementing existing effective interventions in mainstream healthcare settings, and others focused on special populations, e.g., adolescents, criminal justice, pregnant women, native Americans, etc., have the potential to vastly expand treatment in the near term. Given the range of ongoing and recent trials, this chapter is not intended to be an exhaustive review but rather to present an overview of approaches within the framework of the opioid treatment cascade and the context of current OUD pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Blessing
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sanya Virani
- Department of Psychiatry, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - John Rotrosen
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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36
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Reed B, Butelman ER, Kreek MJ. Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonists as Potential Therapeutics for Mood and Substance Use Disorders. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2020; 271:473-491. [PMID: 33174064 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and its primary cognate ligands, the dynorphin peptides, are involved in diverse physiological processes. Disruptions to the KOR/dynorphin system have been found to likely play a role in multiple neuropsychological disorders, and hence KOR has emerged as a potential therapeutic target. Targeting KOR is complicated by close homology to the mu and delta opioid receptors (MOR and DOR), and many KOR ligands have at least moderate affinity to MOR and/or DOR. Animal models utilizing primarily very long-lasting selective KOR antagonists (>3 weeks following a single dose) have demonstrated that KOR antagonism attenuates certain anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors and blocks stress- and cue-induced reinstatement to drug seeking. Recently, relatively selective KOR antagonists with medication-like pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and durations of action have been developed. One of these, JNJ-67953964 (also referred to as CERC-501, LY2456302, OpraKappa or Aticaprant) has been studied in humans, and shown to be safe, relatively KOR selective, and able to substantially attenuate binding of a KOR PET tracer to CNS localized KOR for greater than 24 h. While animal studies have indicated that compounds of this structural class are capable of normalizing withdrawal signs in animal models of cocaine and alcohol dependence and reducing cocaine and alcohol intake/seeking, additional studies are needed to determine the value of these second generation KOR antagonists in treating mood disorders and substance use disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Reed
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Eduardo R Butelman
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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Zheng Y, Obeng S, Reinecke BA, Chen C, Phansalkar PS, Walentiny DM, Gerk PM, Liu-Chen LY, Selley DE, Beardsley PM, Zhang Y. Pharmacological characterization of 17-cyclopropylmethyl-3,14-dihydroxy-4,5-epoxy-6-[(3'-fluoro-4'-pyridyl)acetamido]morphinan (NFP) as a dual selective MOR/KOR ligand with potential applications in treating opioid use disorder. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 865:172812. [PMID: 31743739 PMCID: PMC6914219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
For thousands of years opioids have been the first-line treatment option for pain management. However, the tolerance and addiction potential of opioids limit their applications in clinic. NFP, a MOR/KOR dual-selective opioid antagonist, was identified as a ligand that significantly antagonized the antinociceptive effects of morphine with lesser withdrawal effects than naloxone at similar doses. To validate the potential application of NFP in opioid addiction treatment, a series of in vitro and in vivo assays were conducted to further characterize its pharmacological profile. In calcium mobilization assays and MOR internalization studies, NFP showed the apparent capacity to antagonize DAMGO-induced calcium flux and etorphine-induced MOR internalization. In contrast to the opioid agonists DAMGO and morphine, cells pretreated with NFP did not show apparent desensitization and down regulation of the MOR. Though in vitro bidirectional transport studies showed that NFP might be a P-gp substrate, in warm-water tail-withdrawal assays it was able to antagonize the antinociceptive effects of morphine indicating its potential central nervous system activity. Overall these results suggest that NFP is a promising dual selective opioid antagonist that may have the potential to be used therapeutically in opioid use disorder treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Biological Transport
- CHO Cells
- Caco-2 Cells
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cricetulus
- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-/pharmacology
- Humans
- Ligands
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Morphinans/pharmacology
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States
| | - Samuel Obeng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States
| | - Bethany A Reinecke
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States
| | - Chongguang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States
| | - Palak S Phansalkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States
| | - David M Walentiny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1112 East Clay Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States
| | - Phillip M Gerk
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States
| | - Lee-Yuan Liu-Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States
| | - Dana E Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1112 East Clay Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States
| | - Patrick M Beardsley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1112 East Clay Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States; Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1112 East Clay Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States.
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Shahkarami K, Vousooghi N, Golab F, Mohsenzadeh A, Baharvand P, Sadat-Shirazi MS, Babhadi-Ashar N, Shakeri A, Zarrindast MR. Evaluation of dynorphin and kappa-opioid receptor level in the human blood lymphocytes and plasma: Possible role as a biomarker in severe opioid use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 205:107638. [PMID: 31710992 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dynorphin (DYN)/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system plays an important role in the development of addiction, and dysregulation of this system could lead to abnormal activity in the reward pathway. It has been reported that the expression state of the neurotransmitters and their receptors in the brain is reflected in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). METHODS We have evaluated the PBLs and plasma samples of four groups: 1) subjects with severe opioid use disorder (SOD), 2) methadone-maintenance treated (MMT) individuals, 3) long-term abstinent subjects having former SOD, and 4) healthy control subjects (n = 20 in each group). The mRNA expression level of preprodynorphin (pPDYN) and KOR in PBLs has been evaluated by real-time PCR. Peptide expression of PDYN in PBLs has been studied by western blot, and DYN concentration in plasma has been measured by ELISA. RESULTS The relative expression level of the pPDYN mRNA and PDYN peptide in PBLs were significantly up-regulated in SOD, MMT, and abstinent groups compared to control subjects. No significant difference was found in the plasma DYN concentration between study groups. The expression level of the KOR mRNA in PBLs was significantly decreased in all three study groups compared to the control subjects. CONCLUSION the expression changes in the DYN/KOR system after chronic exposure to opioids, including methadone, seems to be stable and does not return to normal levels even after 12 months abstinence. These long-time and permanent changes in PBLs may serve as a biomarker and footprint of SOD development in the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Shahkarami
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereshteh Golab
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Mohsenzadeh
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Parastoo Baharvand
- Department of Social Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mitra-Sadat Sadat-Shirazi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Babhadi-Ashar
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atena Shakeri
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zarrindast
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran.
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Bazov I, Sarkisyan D, Kononenko O, Watanabe H, Taqi MM, Stålhandske L, Verbeek DS, Mulder J, Rajkowska G, Sheedy D, Kril J, Sun X, Syvänen AC, Yakovleva T, Bakalkin G. Neuronal Expression of Opioid Gene is Controlled by Dual Epigenetic and Transcriptional Mechanism in Human Brain. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:3129-3142. [PMID: 28968778 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms that define patterns of neuropeptide expression are essential for the formation and rewiring of neural circuits. The prodynorphin gene (PDYN) gives rise to dynorphin opioid peptides mediating depression and substance dependence. We here demonstrated that PDYN is expressed in neurons in human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), and identified neuronal differentially methylated region in PDYN locus framed by CCCTC-binding factor binding sites. A short, nucleosome size human-specific promoter CpG island (CGI), a core of this region may serve as a regulatory module, which is hypomethylated in neurons, enriched in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, and targeted by USF2, a methylation-sensitive E-box transcription factor (TF). USF2 activates PDYN transcription in model systems, and binds to nonmethylated CGI in dlPFC. USF2 and PDYN expression is correlated, and USF2 and PDYN proteins are co-localized in dlPFC. Segregation of activatory TF and repressive CGI methylation may ensure contrasting PDYN expression in neurons and glia in human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Bazov
- Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniil Sarkisyan
- Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olga Kononenko
- Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mumtaz Malik Taqi
- Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Faculty of Medicine, NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lada Stålhandske
- Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dineke S Verbeek
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Mulder
- Department of Neuroscience, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Grazyna Rajkowska
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Donna Sheedy
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Jillian Kril
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Xueguang Sun
- Zymo Research Corporation, 17062 Murphy Avenue, Irvine, CA, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ann-Christine Syvänen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tatiana Yakovleva
- Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Georgy Bakalkin
- Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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40
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Kreek MJ, Reed B, Butelman ER. Current status of opioid addiction treatment and related preclinical research. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax9140. [PMID: 31616793 PMCID: PMC6774730 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax9140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Opioid use disorders (OUDs) are diseases of the brain with behavioral, psychological, neurobiological, and medical manifestations. Vulnerability to OUDs can be affected by factors such as genetic background, environment, stress, and prolonged exposure to μ-opioid agonists for analgesia. Two standard-of-care maintenance medications, methadone and buprenorphine-naloxone, have a long-term positive influence on health of persons with opioid addiction. Buprenorphine and another medication, naltrexone, have also been approved for administration as monthly depot injections. However, neither medication is used as widely as needed, due largely to stigma, insufficient medical education or training, inadequate resources, and inadequate access to treatment. Ongoing directions in the field include (i) personalized approaches leveraging genetic factors for prediction of OUD vulnerability and prognosis, or for targeted pharmacotherapy, and (ii) development of novel analgesic medicines with new neurobiological targets with reduced abuse potential, reduced toxicity, and improved effectiveness, especially for chronic pain states other than cancer pain.
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Abstract
Drug addiction is a worldwide societal problem and public health burden, and results from recreational drug use that develops into a complex brain disorder. The opioid system, one of the first discovered neuropeptide systems in the history of neuroscience, is central to addiction. Recently, opioid receptors have been propelled back on stage by the rising opioid epidemics, revolutions in G protein-coupled receptor research and fascinating developments in basic neuroscience. This Review discusses rapidly advancing research into the role of opioid receptors in addiction, and addresses the key questions of whether we can kill pain without addiction using mu-opioid-receptor-targeting opiates, how mu- and kappa-opioid receptors operate within the neurocircuitry of addiction and whether we can bridge human and animal opioid research in the field of drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Darcq
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brigitte Lina Kieffer
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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42
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Dunn AD, Reed B, Erazo J, Ben-Ezra A, Kreek MJ. Signaling Properties of Structurally Diverse Kappa Opioid Receptor Ligands: Toward in Vitro Models of in Vivo Responses. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3590-3600. [PMID: 31313902 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biased ligands preferentially activate certain signaling pathways downstream of their target receptor, leading to differential physiological or behavioral responses downstream. The kappa opioid receptor (KOR) is a drug target for diseases involving mood and reward, such as depression and addiction. Biased KOR ligands offer the potential to overcome negative side effects that have previously hampered the therapeutic development of KOR agonists by preferentially activating certain signaling pathways. Understanding relationships between ligand bias and behavior is difficult, however, because differences in cellular context and bias quantification methods lead to variation between studies. Here, a set of 21 structurally diverse KOR ligands were tested in parallel, to systematically quantify ligand bias at the KOR. Compounds included the endogenous peptide ligand Dynorphin A(1-17), two novel compounds synthesized for our research, and 18 additional compounds of different structural classes, including morphinans and the natural product Salvinorin A. Compounds were tested for their activity in early KOR signaling pathways (G-protein and β-arrestin recruitment) in KOR-expressing U2OS cells, and ligand bias was calculated. A subset of compounds was tested for sedative properties in the rotarod assay in mice. We found that rotarod sedation significantly correlated with β-arrestin signaling in this system, indicating that this in vitro system can be used to accurately describe this in vivo behavior caused by KOR agonists. Additionally, downstream signaling pathways ERK1/2 and mTOR were evaluated, and we determined that signaling via both of these pathways could diverge from KOR-mediated G-protein and arrestin signaling in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia D. Dunn
- Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Brian Reed
- Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jose Erazo
- Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ariel Ben-Ezra
- Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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43
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Kaye AD, Garcia AJ, Hall OM, Jeha GM, Cramer KD, Granier AL, Kallurkar A, Cornett EM, Urman RD. Update on the pharmacogenomics of pain management. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2019; 12:125-143. [PMID: 31308726 PMCID: PMC6613192 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s179152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacogenomics is the study of genetic variants that impact drug effects through changes in a drug’s pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Pharmacogenomics is being integrated into clinical pain management practice because variants in individual genes can be predictive of how a patient may respond to a drug treatment. Pain is subjective and is considered challenging to treat. Furthermore, pain patients do not respond to treatments in the same way, which makes it hard to issue a consistent treatment regimen for all pain conditions. Pharmacogenomics would bring consistency to the subjective nature of pain and could revolutionize the field of pain management by providing personalized medical care tailored to each patient based on their gene variants. Additionally, pharmacogenomics offers a solution to the opioid crisis by identifying potentially opioid-vulnerable patients who could be recommended a nonopioid treatment for their pain condition. The integration of pharmacogenomics into clinical practice creates better and safer healthcare practices for patients. In this article, we provide a comprehensive history of pharmacogenomics and pain management, and focus on up to date information on the pharmacogenomics of pain management, describing genes involved in pain, genes that may reduce or guard against pain and discuss specific pain management drugs and their genetic correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan David Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Andrew Jesse Garcia
- Department of Anesthesiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - O Morgan Hall
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - George M Jeha
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kelsey D Cramer
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Amanda L Granier
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Anusha Kallurkar
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Elyse M Cornett
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Richard D Urman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Dynorphin/kappa-opioid receptor control of dopamine dynamics: Implications for negative affective states and psychiatric disorders. Brain Res 2019; 1713:91-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Mores KL, Cummins BR, Cassell RJ, van Rijn RM. A Review of the Therapeutic Potential of Recently Developed G Protein-Biased Kappa Agonists. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:407. [PMID: 31057409 PMCID: PMC6478756 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Between 2000 and 2005 several studies revealed that morphine is more potent and exhibits fewer side effects in beta-arrestin 2 knockout mice. These findings spurred efforts to develop opioids that signal primarily via G protein activation and do not, or only very weakly, recruit beta-arrestin. Development of such molecules targeting the mu opioid receptor initially outpaced those targeting the kappa, delta and nociceptin opioid receptors, with the G protein-biased mu opioid agonist oliceridine/TRV130 having completed phase III clinical trials with improved therapeutic window to treat moderate-to-severe acute pain. Recently however, there has been a sharp increase in the development of novel G protein-biased kappa agonists. It is hypothesized that G protein-biased kappa agonists can reduce pain and itch, but exhibit fewer side effects, such as anhedonia and psychosis, that have thus far limited the clinical development of unbiased kappa opioid agonists. Here we summarize recently discovered G protein-biased kappa agonists, comparing structures, degree of signal bias and preclinical effects. We specifically reviewed nalfurafine, 22-thiocyanatosalvinorin A (RB-64), mesyl-salvinorin B, 2-(4-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-5-((4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)thio)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyridine (triazole 1.1), 3-(2-((cyclopropylmethyl)(phenethyl)amino)ethyl)phenol (HS666), N-n-butyl-N-phenylethyl-N-3-hydroxyphenylethyl-amine (compound 5/BPHA), 6-guanidinonaltrindole (6′GNTI), and collybolide. These agonists encompass a variety of chemical scaffolds and range in both their potency and efficacy in terms of G protein signaling and beta-arrestin recruitment. Thus unsurprisingly, the behavioral responses reported for these agonists are not uniform. Yet, it is our conclusion that the kappa opioid field will benefit tremendously from future studies that compare several biased agonists and correlate the degree of signaling bias to a particular pharmacological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall L Mores
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Benjamin R Cummins
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Robert J Cassell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Richard M van Rijn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Butelman ER, McElroy BD, Prisinzano TE, Kreek MJ. Impact of Pharmacological Manipulation of the κ-Opioid Receptor System on Self-grooming and Anhedonic-like Behaviors in Male Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:1-8. [PMID: 30975792 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.256354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The kappa (κ) opioid receptor/dynorphin system modulates depression-like states and anhedonia, as well adaptations to stress and exposure to drugs of abuse. Several relatively short-acting small molecule κ-receptor antagonists have been synthesized, and their behavioral profile has been examined under some conditions. The hypothesis of this study is that pharmacological manipulations of the κ-receptor system will result in changes in ethologically relevant anhedonic-like behaviors in mice. Adult male C57BL/6j mice (n = 6-8) were examined for self-grooming behavior in the splash test (in which robust self-grooming is elicited by spraying the dorsum of the mouse with a sucrose solution). The κ-agonist salvinorin A (0.56-1.8 mg/kg) produced dose-dependent decreases in self-grooming, a marker of anhedonia. The selectivity, potency, and duration of action of two relatively short-acting κ-antagonists, LY2444296 [(S)-3-fluoro-4-(4-((2-(3-fluorophenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl)phenoxy)benzamide] and LY2795050 [3-chloro-4-(4-(((2S)-2-pyridin-3-ylpyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl) phenoxy)benzamide], were studied for their effectiveness in preventing grooming deficits caused by salvinorin A (1.8 mg/kg). κ-selective doses of both LY2444296 (0.032-1 mg/kg) and LY2795050 (0.032-0.32 mg/kg) dose- and time-dependently prevented the grooming deficits caused by salvinorin A (1.8 m/kg). We also found that a κ-selective dose of each of these antagonists decreased immobility in the forced swim test, a common test of anti-anhedonia effects. This study shows that the κ-receptor system is involved in an ethologically relevant measure of anhedonia, and that κ-selective doses of these antagonists can produce effects consistent with rapid anti-anhedonia. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Activation of the κ-opioid receptor system results in grooming deficits in mice, an ethologically relevant marker of anhedonia. Shorter acting κ-antagonists are able to cause effects consistent with rapid antianhedonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo R Butelman
- Laboratory on the Biology of Addictive Diseases, the Rockefeller University, New York, New York (E.R.B., B.D.M., M.J.K.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas (T.E.P.)
| | - Bryan D McElroy
- Laboratory on the Biology of Addictive Diseases, the Rockefeller University, New York, New York (E.R.B., B.D.M., M.J.K.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas (T.E.P.)
| | - Thomas E Prisinzano
- Laboratory on the Biology of Addictive Diseases, the Rockefeller University, New York, New York (E.R.B., B.D.M., M.J.K.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas (T.E.P.)
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- Laboratory on the Biology of Addictive Diseases, the Rockefeller University, New York, New York (E.R.B., B.D.M., M.J.K.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas (T.E.P.)
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Caputi FF, Caffino L, Candeletti S, Fumagalli F, Romualdi P. Short-term withdrawal from repeated exposure to cocaine during adolescence modulates dynorphin mRNA levels and BDNF signaling in the rat nucleus accumbens. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 197:127-133. [PMID: 30818133 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life stressful events affect the neurobiological maturation of cerebral circuitries including the endogenous opioid system and the effects elicited by adolescent cocaine exposure on this system have been poorly investigated. Here, we evaluated whether cocaine exposure during adolescence causes short- or long-term alterations in mRNAs codifying for selected elements belonging to the opioid system. Moreover, since brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may undergo simultaneous alterations with the opioid peptide dynorphin, we also evaluated its signaling pathway as well. METHODS Adolescent male rats were exposed to cocaine (20 mg/kg/day) from post-natal day (PND) 28 to PND42, approximately corresponding to human adolescence. After short- (PND45) or long-term (PND90) abstinence, prodynorphin-κ-opioid receptor (pDYN-KOP) and pronociceptin-nociceptin receptor (pN/OFQ-NOP) gene expression were evaluated in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and hippocampus (Hip) together with the analysis of BDNF signaling pathways. RESULTS In the NAc of PND45 rats, pDYN mRNA levels were up-regulated, an effect paralled by increased BDNF signaling. Differently from NAc, pDYN mRNA levels were down-regulated in the Hip of PND45 rats without significant changes of BDNF pathway. At variance from PND45 rats, we did not find any significant alteration of the investigated parameters either in NAc and Hip of PND90 rats. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the short-term withdrawal from adolescent cocaine exposure is characterized by a parallel pDYN mRNA and BDNF signaling increase in the NAc. Given the depressive-like state experienced during short abstinence in humans, we hypothesize that such changes may contribute to promote the risk of cocaine abuse escalation and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Felicia Caputi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Caffino
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sanzio Candeletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Romualdi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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Yuferov V, Randesi M, Butelman ER, van den Brink W, Blanken P, van Ree JM, Ott J, Kreek MJ. Association of variants of prodynorphin promoter 68-bp repeats in caucasians with opioid dependence diagnosis: Effect on age trajectory of heroin use. Neurosci Lett 2019; 704:100-105. [PMID: 30936032 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor (Dyn/KOR) system is involved in reward processing and dysphoria/anhedonia. Exposure to mu-opioid receptor agonists such as heroin increases expression of the prodynorphin gene (PDYN) in the brain. In this study in a Caucasian cohort, we examined the association of the functional PDYN 68-bp repeat polymorphism with opioid use disorders. In this case-control study, 554 subjects with Caucasian ancestry (142 healthy controls, 153 opioid-exposed, but never opioid dependent, NOD, and 259 with an opioid dependence diagnosis, OD) were examined for association of the PDYN 68-bp repeats with the diagnosis of opioid dependence (DSM-IV criteria), with a dimensional measure of heroin exposure (KMSK scale), and age trajectory parameters of heroin use (age of heroin first use, and age of onset of heaviest use). The PDYN 68-bp repeat genotype (classified as: "short-short" [SS], "long-long" [LL], and "short-long" [SL], based on the number of repeats) was not associated with categorical opioid dependence diagnoses. However, the LL genotype was associated with later age of first heroin use than the SS + SL genotype (19 versus 18 years; p < 0.01). This was also confirmed by a significant positive correlation between the number of repeats and the age of first use of heroin, in volunteers with OD (Spearman r = 0.16; p = 0.01). This suggests that the functional PDYN 68-bp repeat genotype is associated with the age of first use of heroin in Caucasians diagnosed with opioid dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Yuferov
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Matthew Randesi
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Eduardo R Butelman
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Blanken
- Parnassia Addiction Research Centre, the Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Jan M van Ree
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jürg Ott
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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Lopez-Rico M, Lopez-Ibor JJ, Crespo-Hervas D, Muñoz-Villa A, Jimenez-Hernandez JL. Diagnosis and Treatment of the Factitious Disorder on Another, Previously Called Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42399-019-00057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Remillard D, Kaye AD, McAnally H. Oxycodone’s Unparalleled Addictive Potential: Is it Time for a Moratorium? Curr Pain Headache Rep 2019; 23:15. [DOI: 10.1007/s11916-019-0751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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