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Nasrolahi A, Shabani Z, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Salehi-Pourmehr H, Mahmoudi J. Stem Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: What Promise Does it Hold? Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:185-199. [PMID: 36815638 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230222144116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by substantia nigra dopamine cell death and a varied clinical picture that affects older people. Although more than two centuries have passed since the earliest attempts to find a cure for PD, it remains an unresolved problem. With this in mind, cell replacement therapy is a new strategy for treating PD. This novel approach aims to replace degenerated dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons with new ones or provide a new source of cells that can differentiate into DAergic neurons. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are among the cells considered for transplantation therapies. Recently disease-modifying strategies like cell replacement therapies combined with other therapeutic approaches, such as utilizing natural compounds or biomaterials, are proposed to modify the underlying neurodegeneration. In the present review, we discuss the current advances in cell replacement therapy for PD and summarize the existing experimental and clinical evidence supporting this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Nasrolahi
- Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Shabani
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Salehi-Pourmehr
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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2
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Singh D, Nagdev S. Novel Biomaterials Based Strategies for Neurodegeneration: Recent Advancements and Future Prospects. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:1037-1049. [PMID: 38310440 DOI: 10.2174/0115672018275382231215063052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, pose significant challenges for effective treatment due to the complex nature of the central nervous system and the limited delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain. Biomaterial-based drug delivery systems offer promising strategies to overcome these challenges and improve therapeutic outcomes. These systems utilize various biomaterials, such as nanoparticles, hydrogels, and implants, to deliver drugs, genes, or cells to the affected regions of the brain. They provide advantages such as targeted delivery, controlled release, and protection of therapeutic agents. This review examines the role of biomaterials in drug delivery for neurodegeneration, discussing different biomaterialbased approaches, including surface modification, encapsulation, and functionalization techniques. Furthermore, it explores the challenges, future perspectives, and potential impact of biomaterialbased drug delivery systems in the field of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali (140413), India
| | - Sanjay Nagdev
- Department of Quality Assurance, Shri. Prakashchand Jain College of Pharmacy and Research, Jamner, Maharashtra, India
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3
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Kolesova YS, Stroylova YY, Maleeva EE, Moysenovich AM, Pozdyshev DV, Muronetz VI, Andreev YA. Modulation of TRPV1 and TRPA1 Channels Function by Sea Anemones' Peptides Enhances the Viability of SH-SY5Y Cell Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:368. [PMID: 38203538 PMCID: PMC10779363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular dysfunction during Parkinson's disease leads to neuroinflammation in various brain regions, inducing neuronal death and contributing to the progression of the disease. Different ion channels may influence the process of neurodegeneration. The peptides Ms 9a-1 and APHC3 can modulate the function of TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels, and we evaluated their cytoprotective effects in differentiated to dopaminergic neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells. We used the stable neuroblastoma cell lines SH-SY5Y, producing wild-type alpha-synuclein and its mutant A53T, which are prone to accumulation of thioflavin-S-positive aggregates. We analyzed the viability of cells, as well as the mRNA expression levels of TRPA1, TRPV1, ASIC1a channels, alpha-synuclein, and tyrosine hydroxylase after differentiation of these cell lines using RT-PCR. Overexpression of alpha-synuclein showed a neuroprotective effect and was accompanied by a reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase expression. A mutant alpha-synuclein A53T significantly increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein BAX and made cells more susceptible to apoptosis. Generally, overexpression of alpha-synuclein could be a model for the early stages of PD, while expression of mutant alpha-synuclein A53T mimics a genetic variant of PD. The peptides Ms 9a-1 and APHC3 significantly reduced the susceptibility to apoptosis of all cell lines but differentially influenced the expression of the genes of interest. Therefore, these modulators of TRPA1 and TRPV1 have the potential for the development of new therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya S. Kolesova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.K.); (E.E.M.); (A.M.M.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Yulia Y. Stroylova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (V.I.M.)
| | - Ekaterina E. Maleeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.K.); (E.E.M.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Anastasia M. Moysenovich
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.K.); (E.E.M.); (A.M.M.)
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis V. Pozdyshev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (V.I.M.)
| | - Vladimir I. Muronetz
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (V.I.M.)
| | - Yaroslav A. Andreev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.K.); (E.E.M.); (A.M.M.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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Characterization of Human-Induced Neural Stem Cells and Derivatives following Transplantation into the Central Nervous System of a Nonhuman Primate and Rats. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:1396735. [PMID: 36618021 PMCID: PMC9812602 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1396735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) and derivatives are potential cellular sources to treat neurological diseases. In the current study, we reprogrammed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells into induced NSCs (iNSCs) and inserted GFP gene into the AAVS1 site for graft tracing. Targeted integration of GFP does not affect the proliferation and differentiation capacity of iNSCs. iNSC-GFP can be further differentiated into dopaminergic precursors (DAPs) and motor neuron precursors (MNPs), respectively. iNSCs were engrafted into the motor cortex and iNSC-DAPs into the striatum and substantia nigra (SN) of a nonhuman primate, respectively. The surviving iNSCs could respond to the microenvironment of the cortex and spontaneously differentiate into mature neurons that extended neurites. iNSC-DAPs survived well and matured into DA neurons following transplantation into the striatum and SN. iNSC-MNPs could also survive and turn into motor neurons after being engrafted into the spinal cord of rats. The results suggest that iNSCs and derivatives have a potential to be used for the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Song H, Kim DI, Abbasi SA, Latifi Gharamaleki N, Kim E, Jin C, Kim S, Hwang J, Kim JY, Chen XZ, Nelson BJ, Pané S, Choi H. Multi-target cell therapy using a magnetoelectric microscale biorobot for targeted delivery and selective differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells via magnetically driven cell stamping. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:3031-3038. [PMID: 36129054 PMCID: PMC9704487 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00693f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy refers to a treatment that involves the delivery of cells or cellular material by means of injection, grafting, or implantation in order to replace damaged tissue and restore its function, or to aid the body in fighting disease. However, limitations include poor targeting delivery and low therapeutic efficacy due to low cell survival. Hence, novel approaches are required to increase cell delivery efficiency and enhance therapeutic efficacy via selective cell differentiation at target areas. Here, we present a stamping magnetoelectric microscale biorobot (SMMB) consisting of neuron-like cell spheroids loaded with magnetoelectric nanoparticles. The SMMB enables not only effective targeted delivery of cells to multiple target areas (via minimally invasive stamping employing magnetic actuation) but also facilitates selective neuronal differentiation via magnetoelectric (ME) stimulation. This ensures rapid colonization and enhances efficacy. SMMBs were fabricated using SH-SY5Y cells. Magnetoelectric nanoparticles for ME stimulation responded to an alternating magnetic field that ensured targeted cell differentiation. Multi-target cell therapy facilitated the targeted delivery and selective differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells to multiple regions using a single SMMB with rotating and alternating magnetic fields for delivery and ME stimulation. This promising tool may overcome the limitations of existing cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunseok Song
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-In Kim
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarmad Ahmad Abbasi
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Nader Latifi Gharamaleki
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Kim
- IMsystem Co., Ltd., Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaewon Jin
- Department of Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Samhwan Kim
- Brain Science Department, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) 711-873, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Junsun Hwang
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- IMsystem Co., Ltd., Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiang-Zhong Chen
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8092, Switzerland.
| | - Bradley J Nelson
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8092, Switzerland.
| | - Salvador Pané
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8092, Switzerland.
| | - Hongsoo Choi
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Robotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Liang L, Tian Y, Feng L, Wang C, Feng G, Stacey GN, Shyh-Chang N, Wu J, Hu B, Li W, Hao J, Wang L, Wang Y. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the cell fate transitions of human dopaminergic progenitors derived from hESCs. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:412. [PMID: 35964138 PMCID: PMC9375405 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Midbrain dopaminergic (DA) progenitors derived from human pluripotent stem cells are considered to be a promising treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the differentiation process produces undesired cell types, which influence the in vivo evaluation of DA cells. In this paper, we analyze the cell fate choice during differentiation and provide valuable information on cell preparation. Methods Human embryonic stem cells were differentiated into DA progenitors. We applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of the differentiation cells at different time points and investigated the gene expression profiles. Based on the differentially expressed genes between DA and non-DA cells, we investigated the impact of LGI1 (DA enriched) overexpression on DA differentiation and the enrichment effect of CD99 (non-DA enriched) sorting. Results Transcriptome analyses revealed the DA differentiation trajectory as well as non-DA populations and three key lineage branch points. Using genetic gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we found that overexpression of LGI1, which is specific to EN1+ early DA progenitors, can promote the generation of TH+ neurons. We also found that choroid plexus epithelial cells and DA progenitors are major components of the final product (day 25), and CD99 was a specific surface marker of choroid plexus epithelial cells. Sorting of CD99− cells eliminated major contaminant cells and improved the purity of DA progenitors. Conclusions Our study provides the single-cell transcriptional landscape of in vitro DA differentiation, which can guide future improvements in DA preparation and quality control for PD cell therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03104-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmin Liang
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Stem Cell Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, China
| | - Yao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Stem Cell Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, China
| | - Lin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Stem Cell Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, China
| | - Guihai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Glyn Nigel Stacey
- National Stem Cell Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,International Stem Cell Banking Initiative, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Ng Shyh-Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, China
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Stem Cell Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Baoyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Stem Cell Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, China
| | - Jie Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Stem Cell Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China. .,National Stem Cell Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, China.
| | - Yukai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China. .,National Stem Cell Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Yan Y, Wang X, Zhu G. Endometrium Derived Stem Cells as Potential Candidates in Nervous System Repair. Ann Biomed Eng 2022; 50:485-498. [PMID: 35235077 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-02909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Limited cell division and lack of endogenous repair mechanisms in the central nervous system, hampers tissue repair following neurodegenerative diseases or tissue injuries. Unlike central nervous system; peripheral nervous system has some capacity to repair after injury, but in case of critical sized defects the use of supporting cells in the neural guidance channels seems inevitable to obtain a satisfactory functional recovery. Stem cell therapies have provided new frontiers in the repair of nervous system largely through paracrine secretion mechanisms. The therapeutic potential of stem cells differs according to their tissue of origin, mode of isolation, administration route, and passage number. During the past decades, studies have been focused on stem cells harvested from disposable tissues such as menstrual blood or biopsies from endometrium. These cells are characterized by their high differentiation and proliferation potential, ease of harvest, and lack of ethical concerns. In the current review, we will discuss the prospects and challenges of endometrial stem cells' application in nervous system repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifen Yan
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Maojian District, No. 39, Chaoyang Zhong Road, Shiyan City, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Maojian District, No. 39, Chaoyang Zhong Road, Shiyan City, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guijuan Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Maojian District, No. 39, Chaoyang Zhong Road, Shiyan City, 442000, Hubei Province, China.
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Puranik N, Arukha AP, Yadav SK, Yadav D, Jin JO. Exploring the Role of Stem Cell Therapy in Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases: Challenges and Current Perspectives. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 17:113-125. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666210810103838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
Several human neurological disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease,
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and brain
stroke, are caused by the injury to neurons or glial cells. The recent years have witnessed the successful
generation of neurons and glia cells driving efforts to develop stem-cell-based therapies for
patients to combat a broad spectrum of human neurological diseases. The inadequacy of suitable
cell types for cell replacement therapy in patients suffering from neurological disorders has hampered
the development of this promising therapeutic approach. Attempts are thus being made to reconstruct
viable neurons and glial cells from different stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells,
mesenchymal stem cells, and neural stem cells. Dedicated research to cultivate stem cell-based
brain transplantation therapies has been carried out. We aim at compiling the breakthroughs in the
field of stem cell-based therapy for the treatment of neurodegenerative maladies, emphasizing the
shortcomings faced, victories achieved, and the future prospects of the therapy in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Puranik
- Department of Biological Science, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641046, India
| | - Ananta Prasad Arukha
- Comparative Diagnostic
and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville- 32608, U.S.A
| | - Shiv Kumar Yadav
- Department of Botany, Government Lal Bahadur Shastri PG college, Sironj, Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
| | - Jun O. Jin
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
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9
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Haynes JM, Sibuea SM, Aguiar AA, Li F, Ho JK, Pouton CW. Inhibition of β-catenin dependent WNT signalling upregulates the transcriptional repressor NR0B1 and downregulates markers of an A9 phenotype in human embryonic stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons: Implications for Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261730. [PMID: 34941945 PMCID: PMC8700011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigate how β-catenin-dependent WNT signalling impacts midbrain dopaminergic neuron (mDA) specification. mDA cultures at day 65 of differentiation responded to 25 days of the tankyrase inhibitor XAV969 (XAV, 100nM) with reduced expression of markers of an A9 mDA phenotype (KCNJ6, ALDH1A1 and TH) but increased expression of the transcriptional repressors NR0B1 and NR0B2. Overexpression of NR0B1 and or NR0B2 promoted a loss of A9 dopaminergic neuron phenotype markers (KCNJ6, ALDH1A1 and TH). Overexpression of NR0B1, but not NR0B2 promoted a reduction in expression of the β-catenin-dependent WNT signalling pathway activator RSPO2. Analysis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) transcriptomic databases shows a profound PD-associated elevation of NR0B1 as well as reduced transcript for RSPO2. We conclude that reduced β-catenin-dependent WNT signalling impacts dopaminergic neuron identity, in vitro, through increased expression of the transcriptional repressor, NR0B1. We also speculate that dopaminergic neuron regulatory mechanisms may be perturbed in PD and that this may have an impact upon both existing nigral neurons and also neural progenitors transplanted as PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Haynes
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Shanti M. Sibuea
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Alita A. Aguiar
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fangwei Li
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joan K. Ho
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin W. Pouton
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Goyal S, Seth B, Chaturvedi RK. Polyphenols and Stem Cells for Neuroregeneration in Parkinson's Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:806-828. [PMID: 34781865 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666211115154450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are neurological disorders, pathologically characterized by chronic degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and motor neurons respectively. There is still no cure or effective treatment against the disease progression and most of the treatments are symptomatic. The present review offers an overview of the different factors involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Subsequently, we focused on the recent advanced studies of dietary polyphenols and stem cell therapies, which have made it possible to slow down the progression of neurodegeneration. To date, stem cells and different polyphenols have been used for the directional induction of neural stem cells into dopaminergic neurons and motor neurons. We have also discussed their involvement in the modulation of different signal transduction pathways and growth factor levels in various in vivo and in vitro studies. Likewise stem cells, polyphenols also exhibit the potential of neuroprotection by their anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant properties regulating the growth factors levels and molecular signaling events. Overall this review provides a detailed insight into recent strategies that promise the use of polyphenol with stem cell therapy for the possible treatment of PD and ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Goyal
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001. India
| | - Brashket Seth
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001. India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001. India
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11
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Wei M, Li S, Yang Z, Cheng C, Li T, Le W. Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures functionalized by multivalent microRNA132 antisense oligonucleotides promote the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into dopaminergic neurons. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 34:102375. [PMID: 33617970 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA132 (miR132) negatively regulates the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons; in contrast, antisense oligonucleotide against miR132 (miR132-ASO) effectively blocks the activity of endogenous miR132 and thereafter promotes the differentiation of DAergic neurons. However, it is difficult for miR132-ASO to enter cells without a suitable delivery system. Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs), as a new type of DNA-based nanocarrier, have great potential in biomedical applications and even have been reported to promote stem cell differentiation. In this study, we developed functional multivalent DNA nanostructures by appending miR132-ASO motifs to three-dimensional TDNs (miR132-ASO-TDNs). Our data clearly revealed that miR132-ASO-TDNs exposure can promote the differentiation of ESCs into DAergic neurons as well as elevate DA release from differentiated DAergic neurons. MiR132-ASO-TDNs could serve as a novel biofunctional nanomaterial to improve the efficiency of DAergic neurons differentiation. Our findings may also provide a new approach for stem cell therapy against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Li
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofei Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianbai Li
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Simorgh S, Alizadeh R, Shabani R, Karimzadeh F, Seidkhani E, Majidpoor J, Moradi F, Kasbiyan H. Olfactory mucosa stem cells delivery via nasal route: a simple way for the treatment of Parkinson disease. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:598-608. [PMID: 33433781 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Finding a simple and effective way for transferring cells to the brain lesion site with minimum side effects mounts a challenge in cell therapy. Cell delivery via nasal route using the bypassing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) property is a simple and non-invasive strategy without serious complications such as trauma. Therefore, it is a suitable technique to treat neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD). Olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cells (OE-MSCs) located in the lamina propria of olfactory mucosa could be differentiated into dopaminergic neurons under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Thus, OE-MSCs represent a good source of Parkinson's stem cell-based therapy. In this research, we studied thirty male rats (n = 10 in each group) in three control (Ctl), lesion (LE), and intranasal administration (INA) groups to investigate the therapeutic effect of intranasal injection of OE-MSCs in the Parkinson's animal models. To do so, we examined the homing variation of OE-MSCs in different brain regions such as olfactory bulb (OB), cortex, striatum (Str), hippocampus (HPC), and substantia nigra (SN). The results of real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis showed the expression of dopaminergic neuron markers such as PITX3, PAX2, PAX5 (as dopaminergic neurons markers), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and dopamine transporter (DAT) 2 months after INA of 1 × 106 OE-MSCs. The results confirmed that IN OE-MSCs delivery into the central nervous system (CNS) was powerful enough to improve the behavioral functions in the animal models of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Simorgh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rafieh Alizadeh
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Institute, HazratRasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronk Shabani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Karimzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Seidkhani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moradi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Kasbiyan
- Department of chemical engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
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13
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Wang M, Tang JJ, Wang LX, Yu J, Zhang L, Qiao C. Hydrogen sulfide enhances adult neurogenesis in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1353-1358. [PMID: 33318417 PMCID: PMC8284305 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.301026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is regarded to be a protectant against diseases of the central nervous system and cardiovascular system. However, the mechanism by which H2S elicits neuroprotective effects in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. To investigate the role of H2S in delaying the pathological process of PD, we used the most common sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) as an H2S donor and established a mouse model of PD induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/probenecid (MPTP/p) in the present study. Our results show that H2S reduced neuronal loss during the progression of PD. Notably, we found that H2S exhibited protective effects on dopaminergic neurons. Excitingly, H2S also increased the proliferation of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone. Next, we evaluated whether the neuroprotective effects of H2S on dopaminergic neurons in PD are dependent on adult nerve regeneration by treating primary adult neural stem cells cultured ex vivo with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine. Our results show that H2S could prevent nerve injury induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine, promote the growth of neurospheres, and promote neurogenesis by regulating Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β/β-catenin pathways in adult neural stem cells. These findings confirm that H2S can increase neurogenesis in an adult mouse model of PD by regulating the Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. This study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Nanjing Medical University, China (IACUC Approval No. 1601153-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Juan-Juan Tang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin-Xiao Wang
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chen Qiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
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14
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Liu J, Xu F, Nie Z, Shao L. Gut Microbiota Approach-A New Strategy to Treat Parkinson's Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:570658. [PMID: 33194809 PMCID: PMC7643014 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.570658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuronal loss and dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra, which contain a variety of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn). Medications that increase or substitute for dopamine can be used for the treatment of PD. Recently, numerous studies have shown gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating and maintaining multiple aspects of host physiology including host metabolism and neurodevelopment. In this review article, the role of gut microbiota in the etiological mechanism of PD will be reviewed. Furthermore, we discussed current pharmaceutical medicine-based methods to prevent and treat PD, followed by describing specific strains that affect the host brain function through the gut-brain axis. We explained in detail how gut microbiota directly produces neurotransmitters or regulate the host biosynthesis of neurotransmitters. The neurotransmitters secreted by the intestinal lumen bacteria may induce epithelial cells to release molecules that, in turn, can regulate neural signaling in the enteric nervous system and subsequently control brain function and behavior through the brain-gut axis. Finally, we proved that the microbial regulation of the host neuronal system. Endogenous α-syn can be transmitted long distance and bidirectional between ENS and brain through the circulatory system which gives us a new option that the possibility of altering the community of gut microbiota in completely new medication option for treating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunity, The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Microbial Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunity, The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Microbial Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyan Nie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunity, The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shao
- Microbial Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
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15
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Rai N, Singh AK, Singh SK, Gaurishankar B, Kamble SC, Mishra P, Kotiya D, Barik S, Atri N, Gautam V. Recent technological advancements in stem cell research for targeted therapeutics. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 10:1147-1169. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Chemmarappally JM, Pegram HCN, Abeywickrama N, Fornari E, Hargreaves AJ, De Girolamo LA, Stevens B. A co-culture nanofibre scaffold model of neural cell degeneration in relevance to Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2767. [PMID: 32066745 PMCID: PMC7026118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutic strategies for Parkinson’s disease (PD) aim to delay progression or replace damaged neurons by restoring the original neuronal structures. The poor regenerative capacity of neural tissue highlights the need for the development of cellular environments to model the pathogenesis of PD. In the current work, we have characterised the growth, survival and response to PD mimetics of human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and U-87MG glioblastoma cell lines cultured on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and Jeffamine® doped polyacrylonitrile (PJ) nano-scaffolds. Differentiation induced by a range of agents was evaluated by immunoassays of neural protein biomarkers. PAN and PJ nanofibre scaffolds provided suitable three-dimensional (3D) environment to support the growth, differentiation and network formation of dopaminergic neuron- and astrocyte-like cell populations, respectively. The scaffolds selectively supported the survival and differentiation of both cell populations with prolonged neuronal survival when exposed to PD mimetics in the presence of astrocytes in a co-culture model. Such 3D nanoscaffold-based assays could aid our understanding of the molecular basis of PD mimetic-induced Parkinsonism and the discovery of neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Chemmarappally
- Innovations in Surfaces, Materials and Related Technologies (iSMART), College of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, NG11 8NS, UK.,Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre (IBRC), College of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Henry C N Pegram
- Innovations in Surfaces, Materials and Related Technologies (iSMART), College of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, NG11 8NS, UK.,Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre (IBRC), College of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Neranga Abeywickrama
- Innovations in Surfaces, Materials and Related Technologies (iSMART), College of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Enzo Fornari
- Innovations in Surfaces, Materials and Related Technologies (iSMART), College of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Alan J Hargreaves
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre (IBRC), College of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Luigi A De Girolamo
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre (IBRC), College of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Bob Stevens
- Innovations in Surfaces, Materials and Related Technologies (iSMART), College of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, NG11 8NS, UK.
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17
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Enhancing Neurogenesis of Neural Stem Cells Using Homogeneous Nanohole Pattern-Modified Conductive Platform. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010191. [PMID: 31888101 PMCID: PMC6981825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible platforms, wherein cells attach and grow, are important for controlling cytoskeletal dynamics and steering stem cell functions, including differentiation. Among various components, membrane integrins play a key role in focal adhesion of cells (18-20 nm in size) and are, thus, highly sensitive to the nanotopographical features of underlying substrates. Hence, it is necessary to develop a platform/technique that can provide high flexibility in controlling nanostructure sizes. We report a platform modified with homogeneous nanohole patterns, effective in guiding neurogenesis of mouse neural stem cells (mNSCs). Sizes of nanoholes were easily generated and varied using laser interference lithography (LIL), by changing the incident angles of light interference on substrates. Among three different nanohole patterns fabricated on conductive transparent electrodes, 500 nm-sized nanoholes showed the best performance for cell adhesion and spreading, based on F-actin and lamellipodia/filopodia expression. Enhanced biocompatibility and cell adhesion of these nanohole patterns ultimately resulted in the enhanced neurogenesis of mNSCs, based on the mRNAs expression level of the mNSCs marker and several neuronal markers. Therefore, platforms modified with homogeneous nanohole patterns fabricated by LIL are promising for the precise tuning of nanostructures in tissue culture platforms and useful for controlling various differentiation lineages of stem cells.
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18
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Large-Scale Automated Hollow-Fiber Bioreactor Expansion of Umbilical Cord-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Neurological Disorders. Neurochem Res 2019; 45:204-214. [PMID: 31828497 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders present a broad group of neurological diseases and remain one of the greatest challenges and burdens to mankind. Maladies like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, stroke or spinal cord injury commonly features astroglia involvement (astrogliosis) with signs of inflammation. Regenerative, paracrine and immunomodulatory properties of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) could target the above components, thus opening new therapeutic possibilities for regenerative medicine. A special interest should be given to hMSCs derived from the umbilical cord (UC) tissue, due to their origin, properties and lack of ethical paradigms. The aim of this study was to establish standard operating and scale-up good manufacturing practice (GMP) protocols of UC-hMSCs isolation, characterization, expansion and comparison of cells' properties when harvested on T-flasks versus using a large-scale bioreactor system. Human UC-hMSCs, isolated by tissue explant culture technique from Wharton's jelly, were harvested after reaching 75% confluence and cultured using tissue culture flasks. Obtained UC-hMSCs prior/after the cryopreservation and after harvesting in a bioreactor, were fully characterized for "mesenchymness" immunomodulatory, tumorigenicity and genetic stability, senescence and cell-doubling properties, as well as gene expression features. Our study demonstrates an efficient and simple technique for large scale UC-hMSCs expansion. Harvesting of UC-hMSCs' using classic and large scale methods did not alter UC-hMSCs' senescence, genetic stability or in vitro tumorigenicity features. We observed comparable growth and immunomodulatory capacities of fresh, frozen and expanded UC-hMSCs. We found no difference in the ability to differentiate toward adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages between classic and large scale UC-hMSCs expansion methods. Both, methods enabled derivation of genetically stabile cells with typical mesenchymal features. Interestingly, we found significantly increased mRNA expression levels of neural growth factor (NGF) and downregulated insulin growth factor (IGF) in UC-hMSCs cultured in bioreactor, while IL4, IL6, IL8, TGFb and VEGF expression levels remained at the similar levels. A culturing of UC-hMSCs using a large-scale automated closed bioreactor expansion system under the GMP conditions does not alter basic "mesenchymal" features and quality of the cells. Our study has been designed to pave a road toward translation of basic research data known about human UC-MSCs for the future clinical testing in patients with neurological and immunocompromised disorders. An industrial manufacturing of UC-hMSCs next will undergo regulatory approval following advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) criteria prior to clinical application and approval to be used in patients.
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Weng SJ, Chen CFF, Huang YS, Chiu CH, Wu SC, Lin CY, Chueh SH, Cheng CY, Ma KH. Olfactory ensheathing cells improve the survival of porcine neural xenografts in a Parkinsonian rat model. Xenotransplantation 2019; 27:e12569. [PMID: 31777103 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) features the motor control deficits resulting from irreversible, progressive degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway. Although intracerebral transplantation of human fetal ventral mesencephalon (hfVM) has been proven effective at reviving DA function in the PD patients, this treatment is clinically limited by availability of hfVM and the related ethical issues. Homologous tissues to hfVM, such as porcine fetal ventral mesencephalon (pfVM) thus present a strong clinical potential if immune response following xenotransplantation could be tamed. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are glial cells showing immunomodulatory properties. It is unclear but intriuging whether these properties can be applied to reducing immune response following neural xenotransplantation of PD. METHODS To determine whether OECs may benefit neural xenografts for PD, different compositions of grafting cells were transplanted into striatum of the PD model rats. We used apomorphine-induced rotational behavior to evaluate effectiveness of the neural grafts on reviving DA function. Immunohistochemistry was applied to investigate the effect of OECs on the survival of neuroxenografts and underlying mechanisms of this effect. RESULTS Four weeks following the xenotransplantation, we found that the PD rats receiving pfVM + OECs co-graft exhibited a better improvement in apomorphine-induced rotational behavior compared with those receiving only pfVM cells. This result can be explained by higher survival of DA neurons (tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity) in grafted striatum of pfVM + OECs group. Furthermore, pfVM + OECs group has less immune response (CD3+ T cells and OX-6+ microglia) around the grafted area compared with pfVM only group. These results suggest that OECs may enhance the survival of the striatal xenografts via dampening the immune response at the grafted sites. CONCLUSIONS Using allogeneic OECs as a co-graft material for xenogeneic neural grafts could be a feasible therapeutic strategy to enhance results and applicability of the cell replacement therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ju Weng
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Fu F Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuahn-Sieh Huang
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Hsin Chiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Chih Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ying Lin
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheau-Huei Chueh
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Guryanov I, Naumenko E, Konnova S, Lagarkova M, Kiselev S, Fakhrullin R. Spatial manipulation of magnetically-responsive nanoparticle engineered human neuronal progenitor cells. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2019; 20:102038. [PMID: 31220595 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a detailed investigation of the interaction of neuronal progenitor cells and neurons with polyelectrolyte-stabilized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Human neuronal progenitor and neurons were differentiated in vitro from fibroblast-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. The cytotoxic effects of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) were determined on human skin fibroblasts and neuronal progenitor cells. Immunocytochemical staining of lamins A/C and B in cells treated separately with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and magnetic nanoparticles allowed to exclude these nuclear components as targets of toxic effects. We demonstrate that magnetic nanoparticles accumulated in cytoplasm and on the surface of neuronal progenitor cells neither interacted with the nuclear envelope nor penetrated into the nuclei of neuronal cells. The possibility of guidance of magnetically functionalized neuronal progenitor cells under magnetic field was demonstrated. Magnetization of progenitor cells using poly(allylaminehydrochloride)-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles allows for successful managing their in vitro localization in a monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Guryanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Naumenko
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Konnova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Lagarkova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; Scientific-Research Institute of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Kiselev
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Rawil Fakhrullin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation.
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21
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Alizadeh R, Ramezanpour F, Mohammadi A, Eftekharzadeh M, Simorgh S, Kazemiha M, Moradi F. Differentiation of human olfactory system-derived stem cells into dopaminergic neuron-like cells: A comparison between olfactory bulb and mucosa as two sources of stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19712-19720. [PMID: 31297865 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell transplantation has become a possible therapeutic approach in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases of the nervous system by replacing lost cells. The current study aimed to make a comparison between the differentiation capacity of the olfactory bulb neural stem cells (OB-NSCs) and olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cells (OE-MSCs) into dopaminergic-like neurons under the inductive effect of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). After culturing and treating with TGF-β, the differentiation capacities of both types of stem cells into dopaminergic neuron-like cells were evaluated. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis 3 weeks after induction demonstrated that the mRNA expression of the dopaminergic activity markers tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter (DAT), paired box gene 2 (PAX2), and PAX5 in the neuron-like cells derived from OB-NSCs was significantly higher than those derived from OE-MSCs. These findings were further supported by the immunocytochemistry staining showing that the expression of the tyrosine hydroxylase, DAT, PAX2, and paired like homeodomain 3 seemed to be slightly higher in OB-NSCs compared with OE-MSCs. Despite the lower differentiation capacity of OE-MSCs, other considerations such as a noninvasive and easier harvesting process, faster proliferation attributes, longer life span, autologous transplantability, and also the easier and inexpensive cultural process of the OE-MSCs, cumulatively make these cells the more appropriate alternative in the case of autologous transplantation during the treatment process of neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafieh Alizadeh
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Mohammadi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Eftekharzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Simorgh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Kazemiha
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moradi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chen W, Huang Q, Ma S, Li M. Progress in Dopaminergic Cell Replacement and Regenerative Strategies for Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:839-851. [PMID: 30346716 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder symptomatically characterized by resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and gait impairment. These motor deficits suffered by PD patients primarily result from selective dysfunction or loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Most of the existing therapies for PD are based on the replacement of dopamine, which is symptomatically effective in the early stage but becomes increasingly less effective and is accompanied by serious side effects in the advanced stages of the disease. Currently, there are no strategies to slow neuronal degeneration or prevent the progression of PD. Thus, the prospect of regenerating functional dopaminergic neurons is very attractive. Over the last few decades, significant progress has been made in the development of dopaminergic regenerative strategies for curing PD. The most promising approach seems to be cell-replacement therapy (CRT) using human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are unlimitedly available and have gained much success in preclinical trials. Despite the challenges, stem cell-based CRT will make significant steps toward the clinic in the coming decade. Alternatively, direct lineage reprogramming, especially in situ direct conversion of glia cells to induced neurons, which exhibits some advantages including no ethical concerns, no risk of tumor formation, and even no need for transplantation, has gained much attention recently. Evoking the endogenous regeneration ability of neural stem cells (NSCs) is an idyllic method of dopaminergic neuroregeneration which remains highly controversial. Here, we review many of these advances, highlighting areas and strategies that might be particularly suited to the development of regenerative approaches that restore dopaminergic function in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiaoying Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mingtao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting the basal nuclei, causing motor and cognitive disorders. Bearing in mind that standard treatments are ineffective in delaying the disease progression, alternative treatments capable of eliminating symptoms and reversing the clinical condition have been sought. Possible alternative treatments include cell therapy, especially with the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). REVIEW SUMMARY MSC are adult stem cells which have demonstrated remarkable therapeutic power in parkinsonian animals due to their differentiation competence, migratory capacity and the production of bioactive molecules. This review aims to analyze the main studies involving MSC and PD in more than a decade of studies, addressing their different methodologies and common characteristics, as well as suggesting perspectives on the application of MSC in PD. CONCLUSIONS The results of MSC therapy in animal models and some clinical trials suggest that such cellular therapy may slow the progression of PD and promote neuroregeneration. However, further research is needed to address the limitations of an eventual clinical application.
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Zhang F, Chen SQ, Tong MM, Wang PJ, Teng GJ. 7.0 tesla high resolution MRI study on intracerebral migration of magnet-labeled neural stem cells in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 54:58-62. [PMID: 30118826 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the migration characteristics of neural stem cells (NSCs) labeled with the MRI contrast agent superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) in the brain of APP/PS1 transgenic mice with Alzheimer's disease (AD) by 7.0 T high resolution MRI. METHODS C57BL/6 mouse NSCs were cultured, amplified, labeled with Feridex and Poly-l-lysine (FE-PLL) and evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Using the random number table method, 24 APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice aged 12 months were equally assigned to two groups: animals in group A were transplanted with FE-PLL labeled NSCs and those in group B were transplanted with non-labeled NSCs in the right hippocampus. Twelve wild-type mice of the same age and born from the same litter were used as the control group (group C) and transplanted with FE-PLL labeled NSCs. Using the 7.0 T high resolution MR scanner, the transplanted NSCs were traced in vivo at 1 day, 1 and 2 weeks after cell transplantation. The MRI findings were compared with the histopathological findings. RESULTS C57BL/6 mouse NSCs were cultured and amplified successfully. TEM showed large amounts of iron-containing particles in the cytoplasm of transplanted cells. MRI in group A showed the presence of spheroid low signals at the injection point of the hippocampus on T2*WI one day after transplantation; one weeks later, the low signals were seen diffusing to the surroundings along the injection point, and covering almost the whole hippocampal area but the intensity of the low signals became weaker gradually; two weeks after transplantation, almost all low signals disappeared. In group B, no significant change in low signals was observed in the transplantation area at all designated time points. Although low signals were also observed in the hippocampus after transplantation of FE-PLL labeled NSCs in group C, their size and location remained almost unchanged. Prussian blue staining showed that migration of the FE-PLL labeled NSCs in the hippocampus of the AD mice was consistent with the MRI findings at all designated time points. CONCLUSION NSCs underwent diffuse and non-directional migration to the surroundings after they were transplanted to the hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice, and this migration pattern could be traced in vivo by MRI when they were labeled with magnet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215001, China
| | - Shuang-Qing Chen
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215001, China.
| | - Ming-Min Tong
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215001, China
| | - Pei-Jun Wang
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Gao-Jun Teng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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The Efficacy of Graphene Foams for Culturing Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Differentiation into Dopaminergic Neurons. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:3410168. [PMID: 29971110 PMCID: PMC6008666 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3410168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The implantation of stem cells in vivo is the ideal approach for the restoration of normal life functions, such as replenishing the decreasing levels of affected dopaminergic (DA) neurons during neurodegenerative disease conditions. However, combining stem cells with biomaterial scaffolds provides a promising strategy for engineering tissues or cellular delivery for directed stem cell differentiation as a means of replacing diseased/damaged tissues. In this study, mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were differentiated into DA neurons using sonic hedgehog, fibroblast growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, while they were cultured within collagen-coated 3D graphene foams (GF). The differentiation into DA neurons within the collagen-coated GF and controls (collagen gels, plastic) was confirmed using β-III tubulin, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and NeuN positive immunostaining. Enhanced expression of β-III tubulin, TH, and NeuN and an increase in the average neurite extension length were observed when cells were differentiated within collagen-coated GF in comparison with collagen gels. Furthermore, these graphene-based scaffolds were not cytotoxic as MSC seemed to retain viability and proliferated substantially during in vitro culture. In summary, these results suggest the utility of 3D graphene foams towards the differentiation of DA neurons from MSC, which is an important step for neural tissue engineering applications.
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Adil MM, Schaffer DV. hPSC‐derived Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons Generated in a Scalable 3‐D Biomaterial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 44:2D.21.1-2D.21.17. [DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maroof M. Adil
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Molecular and Cell Biology, Bioengineering, and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley California
| | - David V. Schaffer
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Molecular and Cell Biology, Bioengineering, and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley California
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Chung TH, Hsu SC, Wu SH, Hsiao JK, Lin CP, Yao M, Huang DM. Dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticle-improved therapeutic effects of human mesenchymal stem cells in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:2998-3007. [PMID: 29372743 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06976f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. With their migration capacity toward the sites of diseased DA neurons in the PD brain, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to differentiate to DA neurons for the replacement of damaged neurons and to secrete neurotrophic factors for the protection and regeneration of diseased DA neurons; therefore MSCs show promise for the treatment of PD. In this study, for the first time, we demonstrate that dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (Dex-IO NPs) can improve the therapeutic efficacy of human MSCs (hMSCs) in a mouse model of PD induced by a local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). In situ examinations not only show that Dex-IO NPs can improve the rescue effect of hMSCs on the loss of host DA neurons but also demonstrate that Dex-IO NPs can promote the migration capacity of hMSCs toward lesioned DA neurons and induce the differentiation of hMSCs to DA-like neurons at the diseased sites. We prove that in vitro Dex-IO NPs can enhance the migration of hMSCs toward 6-OHDA-damaged SH-SY5Y-derived DA-like cells, induce hMSCs to differentiate to DA-like neurons in the conditioned media derived from 6-OHDA-damaged SH-SY5Y-derived DA-like cells and promote the protection/regeneration effects of hMSCs on 6-OHDA-damaged SH-SY5Y-derived DA-like cells. We confirm the potential of MSCs for cell-based therapy for PD. Dex-IO NPs can be used as a tool to accelerate and optimize MSC therapeutics for PD applicable clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Hua Chung
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan.
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Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Polyglutamine Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1049:439-466. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-71779-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wei L, Wei ZZ, Jiang MQ, Mohamad O, Yu SP. Stem cell transplantation therapy for multifaceted therapeutic benefits after stroke. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 157:49-78. [PMID: 28322920 PMCID: PMC5603356 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the exciting advances in modern medicine and life science is cell-based neurovascular regeneration of damaged brain tissues and repair of neuronal structures. The progress in stem cell biology and creation of adult induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has significantly improved basic and pre-clinical research in disease mechanisms and generated enthusiasm for potential applications in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases including stroke. Endogenous neural stem cells and cultured stem cells are capable of self-renewal and give rise to virtually all types of cells essential for the makeup of neuronal structures. Meanwhile, stem cells and neural progenitor cells are well-known for their potential for trophic support after transplantation into the ischemic brain. Thus, stem cell-based therapies provide an attractive future for protecting and repairing damaged brain tissues after injury and in various disease states. Moreover, basic research on naïve and differentiated stem cells including iPS cells has markedly improved our understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms of neurological disorders, and provides a platform for the discovery of novel drug targets. The latest advances indicate that combinatorial approaches using cell based therapy with additional treatments such as protective reagents, preconditioning strategies and rehabilitation therapy can significantly improve therapeutic benefits. In this review, we will discuss the characteristics of cell therapy in different ischemic models and the application of stem cells and progenitor cells as regenerative medicine for the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wei
- Laboratories of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Experimental Research Center and Neurological Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zheng Z Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael Qize Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Osama Mohamad
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shan Ping Yu
- Laboratories of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Experimental Research Center and Neurological Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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IAP-Based Cell Sorting Results in Homogeneous Transplantable Dopaminergic Precursor Cells Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1207-1220. [PMID: 28943253 PMCID: PMC5639383 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived mesencephalic dopaminergic (mesDA) neurons can relieve motor deficits in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Clinical translation of differentiation protocols requires standardization of production procedures, and surface-marker-based cell sorting is considered instrumental for reproducible generation of defined cell products. Here, we demonstrate that integrin-associated protein (IAP) is a cell surface marker suitable for enrichment of hPSC-derived mesDA progenitor cells. Immunomagnetically sorted IAP+ mesDA progenitors showed increased expression of ventral midbrain floor plate markers, lacked expression of pluripotency markers, and differentiated into mature dopaminergic (DA) neurons in vitro. Intrastriatal transplantation of IAP+ cells sorted at day 16 of differentiation in a rat model of PD resulted in functional recovery. Grafts from sorted IAP+ mesDA progenitors were more homogeneous in size and DA neuron density. Thus, we suggest IAP-based sorting for reproducible prospective enrichment of mesDA progenitor cells in clinical cell replacement strategies. Flow cytometric antibody screening identified IAP as a marker for mesDA progenitors IAP+ cells displayed hallmark characteristics of ventral floor plate cells Immunomagnetic IAP sorting led to reproducible and homogeneous cell compositions IAP+ cells generated mature grafts leading to functional recovery in lesioned rats
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31
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Kim SM, Lim MS, Lee EH, Jung SJ, Chung HY, Kim CH, Park CH. Efficient Generation of Dopamine Neurons by Synthetic Transcription Factor mRNAs. Mol Ther 2017; 25:2028-2037. [PMID: 28705346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of functional dopamine (DA) neurons is an essential step for the development of effective cell therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). The generation of DA neurons can be accomplished by overexpression of DA-inducible genes using virus- or DNA-based gene delivery methods. However, these gene delivery methods often cause chromosomal anomalies. In contrast, mRNA-based gene delivery avoids this problem and therefore is considered safe to use in the development of cell-based therapy. Thus, we used mRNA-based gene delivery method to generate safe DA neurons. In this study, we generated transformation-free DA neurons by transfection of mRNA encoding DA-inducible genes Nurr1 and FoxA2. The delivery of mRNA encoding dopaminergic fate inducing genes proved sufficient to induce naive rat forebrain precursor cells to differentiate into neurons exhibiting the biochemical, electrophysiological, and functional properties of DA neurons in vitro. Additionally, the generation efficiency of DA neurons was improved by the addition of small molecules, db-cAMP, and the adjustment of transfection timing. The successful generation of DA neurons using an mRNA-based method offers the possibility of developing clinical-grade cell sources for neuronal cell replacement treatment for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Mi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Lim
- R&D Center, Jeil Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin 17172, Korea; Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 06360, Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Sung Jun Jung
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Hee Yong Chung
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | | | - Chang-Hwan Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
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Wei M, Li S, Yang Z, Zheng W, Le W. Gold nanoparticles enhance the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into dopaminergic neurons via mTOR/p70S6K pathway. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:1305-1317. [PMID: 28520507 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into dopaminergic (DA) neurons and explore the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS & METHODS The efficiency of AuNPs on DA neuron differentiation was evaluated by observing fluorescence in TH promoter-engineered GFP-reporter ESCs, western blot and real-time PCR. The possible signal pathway was determined by western blot. RESULTS Compared with feeder-free control condition, AuNPs are able to enhance fate specification of ESCs into DA neurons. Moreover, mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway was found involving in this AuNPs-mediated DA neuron differentiation. CONCLUSION Our findings may lead future insight investigation into the underlying mechanisms and potential application of AuNPs in stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Song Li
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhaofei Yang
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Boroujeni ME, Gardaneh M, Shahriari MH, Aliaghaei A, Hasani S. Synergy Between Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cell-Conditioned Medium and Knockout Serum Replacement Converts Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells to Dopamine-Secreting Neurons. Rejuvenation Res 2017; 20:309-319. [PMID: 28437187 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2016.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) have great capacity to differentiate into mesodermal origins as well as nonmesodermal lineages, including neural cells. This valuable feature paves the way for the therapeutic application of hADSCs for neurodegenerative maladies such as Parkinson's disease (PD). We tested the capacity of choroid plexus epithelial cell-conditioned medium (CPEC-CM) alone or cocktailed with knockout serum (KS) to induce dopaminergic (DAergic) differentiation of hADSCs. To this end, hADSCs from lipoaspirate were phenotypically characterized and shown to maintain mesodermal multipotency so that selected media easily differentiated them into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. To begin inducing hADSC neuronal differentiation, we isolated CPECs from rat brain and expanded them in culture to obtain CPEC-CM. We then treated hADSCs with optimized quantities of collected CPEC-CM, KS, or both. The ADSCs treated with either CPEC-CM or CPEC-CM and KS displayed morphological changes typical of neuron-like phenotypes. As revealed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and immunostaining analyses, hADSCs cotreated with CPEC-CM and KS expressed significantly higher levels of neuronal and DAergic markers in comparison with single-treated groups. Moreover, the hADSCs began expressing dopamine-biosynthesizing enzymes mainly after cotreatment with CPEC-CM and KS. Consequently, only cotreated hADSCs were capable of synthesizing and releasing dopamine detectable by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Finally, hADSCs growing in an ordinary medium were found positive for astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), but stopped GFAP expression on either single or cotreatments. These combined results suggest that CPEC-CM and KS can synergize to remarkably augment DAergic induction of hADSCs, an effect that has implications for cell replacement therapy for PD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Eskandarian Boroujeni
- 1 Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mossa Gardaneh
- 1 Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Hasan Shahriari
- 1 Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Hasani
- 1 Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Tehran, Iran
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Neuroprotective and Therapeutic Strategies against Parkinson's Disease: Recent Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060904. [PMID: 27338353 PMCID: PMC4926438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinsonism is a progressive motor disease that affects 1.5 million Americans and is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s. Typical neuropathological features of Parkinson’s disease (PD) include degeneration of dopaminergic neurons located in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra that project to the striatum (nigro-striatal pathway) and depositions of cytoplasmic fibrillary inclusions (Lewy bodies) which contain ubiquitin and α-synuclein. The cardinal motor signs of PD are tremors, rigidity, slow movement (bradykinesia), poor balance, and difficulty in walking (Parkinsonian gait). In addition to motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms that include autonomic and psychiatric as well as cognitive impairments are pressing issues that need to be addressed. Several different mechanisms play an important role in generation of Lewy bodies; endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced unfolded proteins, neuroinflammation and eventual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of mid brain in PD. Moreover, these diverse processes that result in PD make modeling of the disease and evaluation of therapeutics against this devastating disease difficult. Here, we will discuss diverse mechanisms that are involved in PD, neuroprotective and therapeutic strategies currently in clinical trial or in preclinical stages, and impart views about strategies that are promising to mitigate PD pathology.
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Polgar S, Karimi L, Buultjens M, Morris ME. A Critical Evaluation of the Methodological Obstacles to Translating Cell-Based Research Into an Effective Treatment for People With Parkinson's Disease. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2016; 30:845-53. [PMID: 26944320 DOI: 10.1177/1545968316635277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable scientific and technological advances in the field of cell research have not been translated into viable restorative therapies for brain disorders. In this article, we examine the best available evidence for the clinical efficacy of reconstructive intracerebral transplantation in people with Parkinson's disease (PD), with the aim of identifying methodological obstacles to the translation process. The major stumbling block is the fact that the potential contributions of people with neural grafts and the effects of the physical and social environment in which they recover have not been adequately investigated and applied to advancing the clinical stages of the research program. We suggest that the biopsychosocial model along with emerging evidence of targeted rehabilitation can provide a useful framework for conducting research and evaluation that will ensure the best possible outcomes following intracerebral transplantation for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Karimi
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia Ilia State University, Georgia
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Zhu B, Caldwell M, Song B. Development of stem cell-based therapies for Parkinson's disease. Int J Neurosci 2016; 126:955-62. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2016.1148034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Haobam R, Tripathy D, Kaidery NA, Mohanakumar KP. Embryonic stem cells derived neuron transplantation recovery in models of parkinsonism in relation to severity of the disorder in rats. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 18:173-84. [PMID: 25546608 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2014.1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)- and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced hemi-parkinsonism was investigated in relation to the severity of the disorder in terms of behavioral disability and nigral neuronal loss and recovery regarding the number of stem cell-derived neurons transplanted in the striatum. Intra-median forebrain bundle infusion of the parkinsonian neurotoxins and intra-striatal transplantation of differentiated embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were carried out by rat brain stereotaxic surgery. The severity of the disease was determined using the number of amphetamine- or apomorphine-induced rotations, striatal dopamine levels as estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-electrochemistry, and the number of surviving tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Rats that received unilateral infusion of 6-OHDA or MPP(+) responded with dose-dependent, unilateral bias in turning behavior when amphetamine or apomorphine was administered. Rotational asymmetry in both models correlated significantly well with the loss in the number of nigral dopaminergic neurons and striatal dopamine depletion. Transplantation of 2×10(5) differentiated murine ESCs revealed remarkably similar kinds of recovery in both animal models. The survival of the grafted dopaminergic cells in the striatum was better in animals with low-severity parkinsonism, but poor in the animals with severe parkinsonism. Amphetamine-induced rotational recovery correlated positively with an increasing number of cells transplanted in animals with uniform nigral neuronal lesion. These results suggest that disease severity is an important factor for determining the number of cells to be transplanted in parkinsonian rats for desirable recovery, which may be true in clinical conditions too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Haobam
- 1 Division of Cell Biology & Physiology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
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Yin PT, Han E, Lee KB. Engineering Stem Cells for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:10-55. [PMID: 25772134 PMCID: PMC5810416 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are characterized by a number of useful properties, including their ability to migrate, differentiate, and secrete a variety of therapeutic molecules such as immunomodulatory factors. As such, numerous pre-clinical and clinical studies have utilized stem cell-based therapies and demonstrated their tremendous potential for the treatment of various human diseases and disorders. Recently, efforts have focused on engineering stem cells in order to further enhance their innate abilities as well as to confer them with new functionalities, which can then be used in various biomedical applications. These engineered stem cells can take on a number of forms. For instance, engineered stem cells encompass the genetic modification of stem cells as well as the use of stem cells for gene delivery, nanoparticle loading and delivery, and even small molecule drug delivery. The present Review gives an in-depth account of the current status of engineered stem cells, including potential cell sources, the most common methods used to engineer stem cells, and the utilization of engineered stem cells in various biomedical applications, with a particular focus on tissue regeneration, the treatment of immunodeficiency diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry T Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Edward Han
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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Lee ES, Im HJ, Kim HS, Youn H, Lee HJ, Kim SU, Hwang DW, Lee DS. In vivo brain delivery of v-myc overproduced human neural stem cells via the intranasal pathway: tumor characteristics in the lung of a nude mouse. Mol Imaging 2015; 13. [PMID: 25743637 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2014.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to monitor the successful brain delivery of stem cells via the intranasal route and to observe the long-term consequence of the immortalized human neural stem cells in the lungs of a nude mouse model. Stably immortalized HB1.F3 human neural stem cells with firefly luciferase gene (F3-effluc) were intranasally delivered to BALB/c nude mice. Bioluminescence images were serially acquired until 41 days in vivo and at 4 hours and 41 days ex vivo after intranasal delivery. Lungs were evaluated by histopathology. After intranasal delivery of F3-effluc cells, the intense in vivo signals were detected in the nasal area, migrated toward the brain areas at 4 hours (4 of 13, 30.8%), and gradually decreased for 2 days. The brain signals were confirmed by ex vivo imaging (2 of 4, 50%). In the mice with initial lung signals (4 of 9, 44.4%), the lung signals disappeared for 5 days but reappeared 2 weeks later. The intense lung signals were confirmed to originate from the tumors in the lungs formed by F3-effluc cells by ex vivo imaging and histopathology. We propose that intranasal delivery of immortalized stem cells should be monitored for their successful delivery to the brain and their tumorigenicity longitudinally.
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Lang H, Xing Y, Brown LN, Samuvel DJ, Panganiban CH, Havens LT, Balasubramanian S, Wegner M, Krug EL, Barth JL. Neural stem/progenitor cell properties of glial cells in the adult mouse auditory nerve. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13383. [PMID: 26307538 PMCID: PMC4549618 DOI: 10.1038/srep13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The auditory nerve is the primary conveyor of hearing information from sensory hair cells to the brain. It has been believed that loss of the auditory nerve is irreversible in the adult mammalian ear, resulting in sensorineural hearing loss. We examined the regenerative potential of the auditory nerve in a mouse model of auditory neuropathy. Following neuronal degeneration, quiescent glial cells converted to an activated state showing a decrease in nuclear chromatin condensation, altered histone deacetylase expression and up-regulation of numerous genes associated with neurogenesis or development. Neurosphere formation assays showed that adult auditory nerves contain neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPs) that were within a Sox2-positive glial population. Production of neurospheres from auditory nerve cells was stimulated by acute neuronal injury and hypoxic conditioning. These results demonstrate that a subset of glial cells in the adult auditory nerve exhibit several characteristics of NSPs and are therefore potential targets for promoting auditory nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hainan Lang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Yazhi Xing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - LaShardai N Brown
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Devadoss J Samuvel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Clarisse H Panganiban
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Luke T Havens
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | | | - Michael Wegner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Edward L Krug
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Jeremy L Barth
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
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Han F, Wang W, Chen B, Chen C, Li S, Lu X, Duan J, Zhang Y, Zhang YA, Guo W, Li G. Human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived neurons improve motor asymmetry in a 6-hydroxydopamine–induced rat model of Parkinson's disease. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:665-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ramos-Gómez M, Seiz EG, Martínez-Serrano A. Optimization of the magnetic labeling of human neural stem cells and MRI visualization in the hemiparkinsonian rat brain. J Nanobiotechnology 2015; 13:20. [PMID: 25890124 PMCID: PMC4416262 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-015-0078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging is the ideal modality for non-invasive in vivo cell tracking allowing for longitudinal studies over time. Cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have been shown to induce sufficient contrast for in vivo magnetic resonance imaging enabling the in vivo analysis of the final location of the transplanted cells. For magnetic nanoparticles to be useful, a high internalization efficiency of the particles is required without compromising cell function, as well as validation of the magnetic nanoparticles behaviour inside the cells. RESULTS In this work, we report the development, optimization and validation of an efficient procedure to label human neural stem cells with commercial nanoparticles in the absence of transfection agents. Magnetic nanoparticles used here do not affect cell viability, cell morphology, cell differentiation or cell cycle dynamics. Moreover, human neural stem cells progeny labeled with magnetic nanoparticles are easily and non-invasively detected long time after transplantation in a rat model of Parkinson's disease (up to 5 months post-grafting) by magnetic resonance imaging. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the use of commercial MNPs to track cells for short- and mid-term periods after transplantation for studies of brain cell replacement therapy. Nevertheless, long-term MR images should be interpreted with caution due to the possibility that some MNPs may be expelled from the transplanted cells and internalized by host microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Ramos-Gómez
- Centre for Biomedical Technology, Polytechnic University of Madrid, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Emma G Seiz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center of Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa", Autonomous University of Madrid-C.S.I.C, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Martínez-Serrano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center of Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa", Autonomous University of Madrid-C.S.I.C, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Sakthiswary R, Raymond AA. Stem cell therapy in neurodegenerative diseases: From principles to practice. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:1822-31. [PMID: 25624807 PMCID: PMC4302533 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.23.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of curative therapies for neurodegenerative diseases has high economic impact and places huge burden on the society. The contribution of stem cells to cure neurodegenerative diseases has been unraveled and explored extensively over the past few years. Beyond substitution of the lost neurons, stem cells act as immunomodulators and neuroprotectors. A large number of preclinical and a small number of clinical studies have shown beneficial outcomes in this context. In this review, we have summarized the current concepts of stem cell therapy in neurodegenerative diseases and the recent advances in this field, particularly between 2010 and 2012. Further studies should be encouraged to resolve the clinical issues and vague translational findings for maximum optimization of the efficacy of stem cell therapy in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalingham Sakthiswary
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Bandar Tun Razak 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azman Ali Raymond
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Bandar Tun Razak 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Robinson M, Yau SY, Sun L, Gabers N, Bibault E, Christie BR, Willerth SM. Optimizing Differentiation Protocols for Producing Dopaminergic Neurons from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications: Supplementary Issue: Stem Cell Biology. Biomark Insights 2015; 10 Suppl 1:61-70. [PMID: 36876191 PMCID: PMC9980910 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s20064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that results when the dopaminergic neurons (DNs) present in the substantia nigra necessary for voluntary motor control are depleted, making patients with this disorder ideal candidates for cell replacement therapy. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), obtained by reprogramming adult cells, possess the properties of pluripotency and immortality while enabling the possibility of patient-specific therapies. An effective cell therapy for PD requires an efficient, defined method of DN generation, as well as protection from the neuroinflammatory environment upon engraftment. Although similar in pluripotency to human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), hiPSCs differentiate less efficiently into neuronal subtypes. Previous work has shown that treatment with guggulsterone can efficiently differentiate hESCs into DNs. Our work shows that guggulsterone is able to derive DNs from hiPSCs with comparable efficiency, and furthermore, this differentiation can be achieved inside three-dimensional fibrin scaffolds that could enhance cell survival upon engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Medical Sciences
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Medical Sciences
| | - Nicole Gabers
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Stephanie M Willerth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering.,Department of Neuroscience, Division of Medical Sciences.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Human ESC-derived dopamine neurons show similar preclinical efficacy and potency to fetal neurons when grafted in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 15:653-65. [PMID: 25517469 PMCID: PMC4232736 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in generating fully functional and transplantable dopamine neurons from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Before these cells can be used for cell replacement therapy in Parkinson’s disease (PD), it is important to verify their functional properties and efficacy in animal models. Here we provide a comprehensive preclinical assessment of hESC-derived midbrain dopamine neurons in a rat model of PD. We show long-term survival and functionality using clinically relevant MRI and PET imaging techniques and demonstrate efficacy in restoration of motor function with a potency comparable to that seen with human fetal dopamine neurons. Furthermore, we show that hESC-derived dopamine neurons can project sufficiently long distances for use in humans, fully regenerate midbrain-to-forebrain projections, and innervate correct target structures. This provides strong preclinical support for clinical translation of hESC-derived dopamine neurons using approaches similar to those established with fetal cells for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Transplants of hESC-DA survive long term and restore DA neurotransmission in vivo The functional potency of hESC-DA is similar to human fetal midbrain DA neurons hESC-DA are capable of long-distance, target-specific innervation of the host brain The axonal outgrowth capacity of hESC-DA meets the requirements for use in humans
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Abstract
Thirty years ago, Parkinson disease was described as a shortage of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Today, understanding of this disorder includes possible genetic influences, premorbid and nonmotor issues, and a variety of neurologic, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms. Using a case study, this article presents the current science of Parkinson disease.
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47
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Han SH, Cho E, Lee DK, Cho G, Kim YR, Cho H. Simulational validation of color magnetic particle imaging (cMPI). Phys Med Biol 2014; 59:6521-36. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/21/6521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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48
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Konagaya S, Iwata H. Microencapsulation of dopamine neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:22-32. [PMID: 25281770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopamine neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells have been widely studied for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, various difficulties remain to be overcome, such as tumor formation, fragility of dopamine neurons, difficulty in handling large numbers of dopamine neurons, and immune reactions. In this study, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived precursors of dopamine neurons were encapsulated in agarose microbeads. Dopamine neurons in microbeads could be handled without specific protocols, because the microbeads protected the fragile dopamine neurons from mechanical stress. METHODS hiPS cells were seeded on a Matrigel-coated dish and cultured to induce differentiation into a dopamine neuronal linage. On day 18 of culture, cells were collected from the culture dishes and seeded into U-bottom 96-well plates to induce cell aggregate formation. After 5 days, cell aggregates were collected from the plates and microencapsulated in agarose microbeads. The microencapsulated aggregates were cultured for an additional 45 days to induce maturation of dopamine neurons. RESULTS Approximately 60% of all cells differentiated into tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in agarose microbeads. The cells released dopamine for more than 40 days. In addition, microbeads containing cells could be cryopreserved. CONCLUSION hiPS cells were successfully differentiated into dopamine neurons in agarose microbeads. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Agarose microencapsulation provides a good supporting environment for the preparation and storage of dopamine neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Konagaya
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroo Iwata
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Wakeman DR, Weiss S, Sladek JR, Elsworth JD, Bauereis B, Leranth C, Hurley PJ, Roth RH, Redmond DE. Survival and Integration of Neurons Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells in MPTP-Lesioned Primates. Cell Transplant 2014; 23:981-94. [DOI: 10.3727/096368913x664865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A human embryonic stem cell (HESC) line, H1, was studied after differentiation to a dopaminergic phenotype in vitro in order to carry out in vivo studies in Parkinsonian monkeys. To identify morphological characteristics of transplanted donor cells, HESCs were transfected with a GFP lentiviral vector. Gene expression studies were performed at each step of a neural rosette-based dopaminergic differentiation protocol by RT-PCR. In vitro immunofluorescence revealed that >90% of the differentiated cells exhibited a neuronal phenotype by β-III-tubulin immunocytochemistry, with 17% of the cells coexpressing tyrosine hydroxylase prior to implantation. Biochemical analyses demonstrated dopamine release in culture in response to potassium chloride-induced membrane depolarization, suggesting that the cells synthesized and released dopamine. These characterized, HESC-derived neurons were then implanted into the striatum and midbrain of MPTP (1-methyl-4- phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-exposed monkeys that were triple immunosuppressed. Here we demonstrate robust survival of transplanted HESC-derived neurons after 6 weeks, as well as morphological features consistent with polarization, organization, and extension of processes that integrated into the host striatum. Expression of the dopaminergic marker tyrosine hydroxylase was not maintained in HESC-derived neural grafts in either the striatum or substantia nigra, despite a neuronal morphology and expression of β-III-tubulin. These results suggest that dopamine neuronal cells derived from neuroectoderm in vitro will not maintain the correct midbrain phenotype in vivo in nonhuman primates, contrasted with recent studies showing dopamine neuronal survival using an alternative floorplate method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin R. Wakeman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephanie Weiss
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John R. Sladek
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - John D. Elsworth
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brian Bauereis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Csaba Leranth
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Patrick J. Hurley
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert H. Roth
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D. Eugene Redmond
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- St. Kitts Biomedical Research Foundation, St. Kitts-Nevis, West Indies
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50
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Masjkur J, Levenfus I, Lange S, Arps-Forker C, Poser S, Qin N, Vukicevic V, Chavakis T, Eisenhofer G, Bornstein SR, Ehrhart-Bornstein M, Androutsellis-Theotokis A. A defined, controlled culture system for primary bovine chromaffin progenitors reveals novel biomarkers and modulators. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:801-8. [PMID: 24855275 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a method to efficiently culture primary chromaffin progenitors from the adult bovine adrenal medulla in a defined, serum-free monolayer system. Tissue is dissociated and plated for expansion under support by the mitogen basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The cultures, although not homogenous, contain a subpopulation of cells expressing the neural stem cell marker Hes3 that also propagate. In addition, Hes3 is also expressed in the adult adrenal medulla from where the tissue is taken. Differentiation is induced by bFGF withdrawal and switching to Neurobasal medium containing B27. Following differentiation, Hes3 expression is lost, and cells acquire morphologies and biomarker expression patterns of chromaffin cells and dopaminergic neurons. We tested the effect of different treatments that we previously showed regulate Hes3 expression and cell number in cultures of fetal and adult rodent neural stem cells. Treatment of the cultures with a combination of Delta4, Angiopoietin2, and a Janus kinase inhibitor increases cell number during the expansion phase without significantly affecting catecholamine content levels. Treatment with cholera toxin does not significantly affect cell number but reduces the ratio of epinephrine to norepinephrine content and increases the dopamine content relative to total catecholamines. These data suggest that this defined culture system can be used for target identification in drug discovery programs and that the transcription factor Hes3 may serve as a new biomarker of putative adrenomedullary chromaffin progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Masjkur
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl-Gustav Carus, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ian Levenfus
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl-Gustav Carus, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven Lange
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl-Gustav Carus, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carina Arps-Forker
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl-Gustav Carus, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Steve Poser
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl-Gustav Carus, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nan Qin
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl-Gustav Carus, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vladimir Vukicevic
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl-Gustav Carus, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl-Gustav Carus, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl-Gustav Carus, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl-Gustav Carus, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Monika Ehrhart-Bornstein
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl-Gustav Carus, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Androutsellis-Theotokis
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl-Gustav Carus, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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