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Lundin KK, Qadeer YK, Wang Z, Virani S, Leischik R, Lavie CJ, Strauss M, Krittanawong C. Contaminant Metals and Cardiovascular Health. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:450. [PMID: 37998508 PMCID: PMC10671885 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10110450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research has begun to link exposure to environmental contaminants, such as heavy metals, with a variety of negative health outcomes. In this paper, we sought to review the current research describing the impact of certain common contaminant metals on cardiovascular (CV) health. We reviewed ten metals: lead, barium, nickel, chromium, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, selenium, zinc, and copper. After a literature review, we briefly summarized the routes of environmental exposure, pathophysiological mechanisms, CV health impacts, and exposure prevention and/or mitigation strategies for each metal. The resulting article discloses a broad spectrum of pathological significance, from relatively benign substances with little to no described effects on CV health, such as chromium and selenium, to substances with a wide-ranging and relatively severe spectrum of CV pathologies, such as arsenic, cadmium, and lead. It is our hope that this article will provide clinicians with a practical overview of the impact of these common environmental contaminants on CV health as well as highlight areas that require further investigation to better understand how these metals impact the incidence and progression of CV diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kristian Lundin
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.K.L.); (Y.K.Q.)
| | - Yusuf Kamran Qadeer
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.K.L.); (Y.K.Q.)
| | - Zhen Wang
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Salim Virani
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.K.L.); (Y.K.Q.)
- The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
- Section of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roman Leischik
- Department of Cardiology, Sector Preventive Medicine, Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, 58095 Hagen, Germany
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
| | - Markus Strauss
- Department of Cardiology, Sector Preventive Medicine, Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, 58095 Hagen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology I- Coronary and Periphal Vascular Disease, Heart Failure Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Cardiol, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Chayakrit Krittanawong
- Cardiology Division, NYU Langone Health and NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Dürig J, Calcagni M, Buschmann J. Transition metals in angiogenesis - A narrative review. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100757. [PMID: 37593220 PMCID: PMC10430620 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to offer a narrative review of the literature regarding the influence of transition metals on angiogenesis, excluding lanthanides and actinides. To our knowledge there are not any reviews up to date offering such a summary, which inclined us to write this paper. Angiogenesis describes the process of blood vessel formation, which is an essential requirement for human growth and development. When the complex interplay between pro- and antiangiogenic mediators falls out of balance, angiogenesis can quickly become harmful. As it is so fundamental, both its inhibition and enhancement take part in various diseases, making it a target for therapeutic treatments. Current methods come with limitations, therefore, novel agents are constantly being researched, with metal agents offering promising results. Various transition metals have already been investigated in-depth, with studies indicating both pro- and antiangiogenic properties, respectively. The transition metals are being applied in various formulations, such as nanoparticles, complexes, or scaffold materials. Albeit the increasing attention this field is receiving, there remain many unanswered questions, mostly regarding the molecular mechanisms behind the observed effects. Notably, approximately half of all the transition metals have not yet been investigated regarding potential angiogenic effects. Considering the promising results which have already been established, it should be of great interest to begin investigating the remaining elements whilst also further analyzing the established effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Dürig
- University of Zürich, Faculty of Medicine, Pestalozzistrasse 3, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Hospital of Zürich, Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Calcagni
- University Hospital of Zürich, Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Buschmann
- University Hospital of Zürich, Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
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Chen S, Shen R, Shen J, Lyu L, Wei T. Association of blood cadmium with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with hypertension. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1106732. [PMID: 37469695 PMCID: PMC10353433 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1106732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cadmium is a commonly found heavy metal with a prolonged biological half-life, which results in long-term health burden for the population. Prior studies have demonstrated an association between blood cadmium and hypertension. However, few studies examined the relationship between blood cadmium and long-term health outcomes in patients with hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the association of blood cadmium with mortality in patients with hypertension. Methods This study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2012. Complex sampling-weighted multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause, cardiovascular, and Alzheimer's disease mortality in patients with hypertension classified by blood cadmium concentrations' quantiles. Results The study included 12,208 patients with hypertension with a median follow-up duration of 10.8 years. During this period, there were 4,485 all-cause deaths, including 1,520 cardiovascular deaths and 180 Alzheimer's disease deaths. Compared with the lowest quintile of blood cadmium (≤0.25 μg/L) group, the highest quintile of blood cadmium (≥0.80 μg/L) group's adjusted HRs were 1.85 (95% CI, 1.59-2.14) for all-cause mortality, 1.76 (95% CI, 1.33-2.34) for cardiovascular mortality, and 3.41 (95% CI, 1.54-7.51) for Alzheimer's disease mortality. Additionally, the adjusted HR for cardiovascular mortality was 2.12 (95% CI, 1.36-3.30) in never-smoking patients with hypertension. Conclusion Higher blood cadmium is associated with increased risks of all-cause, cardiovascular, and Alzheimer's disease mortality in patients with hypertension. The effect of blood cadmium on cardiovascular mortality may be more pronounced in never-smoking hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, China
- College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruming Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, China
- College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, China
| | - Lingchun Lyu
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, China
| | - Tiemin Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, China
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Akbarian M, Bertassoni LE, Tayebi L. Biological aspects in controlling angiogenesis: current progress. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:349. [PMID: 35672585 PMCID: PMC10171722 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
All living beings continue their life by receiving energy and by excreting waste products. In animals, the arteries are the pathways of these transfers to the cells. Angiogenesis, the formation of the arteries by the development of pre-existed parental blood vessels, is a phenomenon that occurs naturally during puberty due to certain physiological processes such as menstruation, wound healing, or the adaptation of athletes' bodies during exercise. Nonetheless, the same life-giving process also occurs frequently in some patients and, conversely, occurs slowly in some physiological problems, such as cancer and diabetes, so inhibiting angiogenesis has been considered to be one of the important strategies to fight these diseases. Accordingly, in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the highly controlled process of angiogenesis is very important in tissue repairing. Excessive angiogenesis can promote tumor progression and lack of enough angiogensis can hinder tissue repair. Thereby, both excessive and deficient angiogenesis can be problematic, this review article introduces and describes the types of factors involved in controlling angiogenesis. Considering all of the existing strategies, we will try to lay out the latest knowledge that deals with stimulating/inhibiting the angiogenesis. At the end of the article, owing to the early-reviewed mechanical aspects that overshadow angiogenesis, the strategies of angiogenesis in tissue engineering will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Akbarian
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Luiz E Bertassoni
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.
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Li X, Li X, Sun R, Gao M, Wang H. Cadmium exposure enhances VE‑cadherin expression in endothelial cells via suppression of ROCK signaling. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:355. [DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Li
- Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Rong Sun
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Mei Gao
- Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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Nedzvetsky VS, Gasso VY, Agca CA, Sukharenko EV. Soluble curcumin ameliorates motility, adhesiveness and abrogate parthanatos in cadmium-exposed retinal pigment epithelial cells. BIOSYSTEMS DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.15421/012129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential transition metal and one of the most toxic environmental pollutants. Industrial, agricultural and urban activities are the main sources of Cd environmental contamination. Multiple deleterious effects of Cd exposure were reported for different cell types and living organisms in a great number of research papers. Cd bioaccumulation hazard is mediated by the relatively long half-life of this metal in an organism. For example, in mammals its half-life lasts for about 10–30 years. Cd exposure affects many tissues. However, some of them, including the central nervous system and sensory organs, are most susceptible to its toxicity. The harmful effects of Cd could be linked to oxidative stress generation and consequently intracellular signalling disruption. Since Cd induces redox imbalance the antioxidants could be a prospective tool to ameliorate Cd cytotoxicity. In present work, we have studied the protective efficacy of soluble curcumin on Cd-caused retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells viability, reactive oxygen species production, adhesive and extracellular matrix proteins expression, cell migration and parthanatos level. Low dose (5 µM) of soluble curcumin ameliorated all aforementioned indices of Cd-induced cytotoxicity. Curcumin has restored the RPE cells motility as well as fibronectin and E-cadherin expression. Therefore, the modulation of RPE adhesiveness could be regarded as a cytoprotective effect of curcumin. Furthermore, Cd-caused poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) suppression and cleaved PARP-1 upregulation were ameliorated by curcumin exposure. Therefore, the protective effect of soluble curcumin could be related, at least partially, to the modulation of PARP activity and inhibition of parthanatos flux. The observed results have demonstrated that low doses of soluble curcumin are a promising tool to protect RPE cells against Cd-caused retinal injury.
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Sears CG, Poulsen AH, Eliot M, Howe CJ, James KA, Harrington JM, Roswall N, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Wellenius GA, Meliker J. Urine cadmium and acute myocardial infarction among never smokers in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 150:106428. [PMID: 33571817 PMCID: PMC7940585 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium exposure has been associated with cardiovascular disease. Cigarette smoking is a key source of cadmium exposure and thus a potential confounder in observational studies of environmental cadmium and cardiovascular disease that include tobacco smokers. We leveraged up to 20 years of follow-up in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort to test the hypothesis that cadmium exposure is associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among people who never smoked. Between 1993 and 1997, 19,394 never-smoking participants (ages 50-64 years) were enrolled and provided a urine sample. From this sample, we randomly selected a subcohort of 600 males and 600 females. We identified 809 AMI cases occurring between baseline and the end of 2015 using the Danish National Patient Registry. We quantified cadmium, creatinine, and osmolality in baseline urine samples. Using an unweighted case-cohort approach, we estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for AMI in Cox proportional hazards models with age as the time axis. Participants had relatively low concentrations of urinary cadmium, as expected for never smokers (median = 0.20; 25th, 75th = 0.13, 0.32 μg cadmium/g creatinine). We did not find strong evidence to support an association between higher urinary cadmium and AMI when comparing the highest versus lowest quartile (aHR = 1.16; 95% CI: 0.86 - 1.56) and per IQR increment in cadmium concentration (aHR = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.93 - 1.12). Results were not materially different across strata defined by sex. Results were generally similar using creatinine or osmolality to account for differences in urine dilution. While cadmium exposure has been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, we did not find strong evidence that urinary cadmium at relatively low-levels is associated with AMI among people who have never smoked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara G Sears
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
| | | | - Melissa Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Chanelle J Howe
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Katherine A James
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, CO, USA
| | - James M Harrington
- Center for Analytical Science, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Nina Roswall
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jaymie Meliker
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, & Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Roy A, Nethi SK, Suganya N, Raval M, Chatterjee S, Patra CR. Attenuation of cadmium-induced vascular toxicity by pro-angiogenic nanorods. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 115:111108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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9
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Tinkov AA, Filippini T, Ajsuvakova OP, Skalnaya MG, Aaseth J, Bjørklund G, Gatiatulina ER, Popova EV, Nemereshina ON, Huang PT, Vinceti M, Skalny AV. Cadmium and atherosclerosis: A review of toxicological mechanisms and a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 162:240-260. [PMID: 29358116 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium has been proposed to be the one of the factors of atherosclerosis development, although the existing data are still controversial. The primary objective of the present study is the review and the meta-analysis of studies demonstrating the association between Cd exposure and atherosclerosis as well as review of the potential mechanisms of such association. We performed a systematic search in the PubMed-Medline database using the MeSH terms cadmium, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, mortality and humans up through December 20, 2017. Elevated urinary Cd levels were associated with increased mortality for cardiovascular disease (HR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.07-1.67) as well as elevated blood Cd levels (HR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.24-2.56). Analysis restricted to never smokers showed similar, though more imprecise, results. Consistently, we also observed an association between Cd exposure markers (blood and urine) and coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. Moreover, Cd exposure was associated with atherogenic changes in lipid profile. High Cd exposure was associated with higher TC levels (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.10-2.01), higher LDL-C levels (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 0.99-1.73) and lower HDL-C levels (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.09-3.55). The mechanisms of atherogenic effect of cadmium may involve oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, enhanced lipid synthesis, up-regulation of adhesion molecules, prostanoid dysbalance, as well as altered glycosaminoglycan synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia.
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Olga P Ajsuvakova
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Odintsovo, Moscow Region, Russia
| | | | - Jan Aaseth
- Faculty of Public Health, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway; Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
| | | | - Elizaveta V Popova
- St. Joseph University in Tanzania, St. Joseph College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | | | - Marco Vinceti
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia; Trace Element Institute for UNESCO, Lyon, France
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Wei T, Jia J, Wada Y, Kapron CM, Liu J. Dose dependent effects of cadmium on tumor angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44944-44959. [PMID: 28388546 PMCID: PMC5546532 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is crucial for tumor growth and metastasis. Cadmium (Cd) exposure is associated with elevated cancer risk and mortality. Such association is, at least in part, attributable to Cd-induced tumor angiogenesis. Nevertheless, the reported effects of Cd on tumor angiogenesis appear to be either stimulatory or inhibitory, depending on the concentrations. Ultra-low concentrations of Cd (<0.5 μM) inhibit endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation, leading to reduced endothelial nitric oxide production and attenuated tumor angiogenesis. In contrast, low-lose Cd (1-10 μM) up-regulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated tumor angiogenesis by exerting sub-apoptotic levels of oxidative stress on both tumor cells and endothelial cells (ECs). The consequent activation of protein kinase B/Akt, nuclear factor-κB, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades mediate the increased secretion of VEGF by tumor cells and the up-regulated VEGF receptor-2 expression in ECs. Furthermore, Cd in high concentrations (>10 μM) induces EC apoptosis via the activation of caspase-3, resulting in destruction of tumor vasculature. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge concerning the roles of Cd in tumor angiogenesis, with a focus on molecular mechanisms underlying the dose dependent effects of Cd on various EC phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Wei
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jin Jia
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Youichiro Wada
- The Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Carolyn M Kapron
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ju Liu
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Lelièvre SA, Kwok T, Chittiboyina S. Architecture in 3D cell culture: An essential feature for in vitro toxicology. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 45:287-295. [PMID: 28366709 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture has the potential to revolutionize toxicology studies by allowing human-based reproduction of essential elements of organs. Beyond the study of toxicants on the most susceptible organs such as liver, kidney, skin, lung, gastrointestinal tract, testis, heart and brain, carcinogenesis research will also greatly benefit from 3D cell culture models representing any normal tissue. No tissue function can be suitably reproduced without the appropriate tissue architecture whether mimicking acini, ducts or tubes, sheets of cells or more complex cellular organizations like hepatic cords. In this review, we illustrate the fundamental characteristics of polarity that is an essential architectural feature of organs for which different 3D cell culture models are available for toxicology studies in vitro. The value of tissue polarity for the development of more accurate carcinogenesis studies is also exemplified, and the concept of using extracellular gradients of gaseous or chemical substances produced with microfluidics in 3D cell culture is discussed. Indeed such gradients-on-a-chip might bring unprecedented information to better determine permissible exposure levels. Finally, the impact of tissue architecture, established via cell-matrix interactions, on the cell nucleus is emphasized in light of the importance in toxicology of morphological and epigenetic alterations of this organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Lelièvre
- Purdue University, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; 3D Cell Culture Core (3D3C) Facility, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University Discovery Park, 1205 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Tim Kwok
- 3D Cell Culture Core (3D3C) Facility, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University Discovery Park, 1205 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shirisha Chittiboyina
- Purdue University, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; 3D Cell Culture Core (3D3C) Facility, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University Discovery Park, 1205 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Saran U, Mani KP, Balaguru UM, Swaminathan A, Nagarajan S, Dharmarajan AM, Chatterjee S. sFRP4 signalling of apoptosis and angiostasis uses nitric oxide-cGMP-permeability axis of endothelium. Nitric Oxide 2017; 66:30-42. [PMID: 28267592 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a critical role in endothelial functions such as cellular migration, vascular permeability and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from "pre-existing" ones is a carefully regulated process and essential during reproduction, development and wound healing. Previously our lab group reported that Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 4 (sFRP4) could inhibit angiogenesis in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. sFRP4 belongs to a family of secreted glycoproteins that function as antagonists of the canonical Wnt signalling pathway. Although the pro-apoptotic role of sFRP4 is well discussed in literature, little is known in regards to its anti-angiogenic property. The objective of this study was to elucidate sFRP4 implications in NO biology of the endothelium. Results demonstrate that sFRP4 causes endothelial dysfunction by suppressing NO-cGMP signaling and elevating corresponding ROS levels. The imbalance between NO and ROS levels results in apoptosis and subsequent leakiness of endothelium as confirmed in vivo (Texas red/Annxin - CAM assay) and in vitro (Monolayer permeability assay) conditions. Furthermore utilizing peptides synthesized from the CRD domain of sFRP4, our results showed that while these peptides were able to cause endothelial dysfunctions, they did not cause apoptosis of the endothelial cells. Thereby confirming that sFRP4 can mediate its anti-angiogenic effect independent of its pro-apoptotic property. In conclusion, the current study reports that sFRP4-mediated anti-angiogenesis occurs as a result of impaired NO-cGMP signaling which in turn allow for elevation of redox levels and promotion of apoptosis of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttara Saran
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India
| | - Krishna Priya Mani
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India
| | | | - Akila Swaminathan
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India
| | - Shunmugam Nagarajan
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India
| | - Arun M Dharmarajan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Suvro Chatterjee
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India; Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India.
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Messner B, Türkcan A, Ploner C, Laufer G, Bernhard D. Cadmium overkill: autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis signalling in endothelial cells exposed to cadmium. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1699-713. [PMID: 26588916 PMCID: PMC4805700 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis, necrosis, or autophagy-it is the mode of cell demise that defines the response of surrounding cells and organs. In case of one of the most toxic substances known to date, cadmium (Cd), and despite a large number of studies, the mode of cell death induced is still unclear. As there exists conflicting data as to which cell death mode is induced by Cd both across various cell types and within a single one, we chose to analyse Cd-induced cell death in primary human endothelial cells by investigating all possibilities that a cell faces in undergoing cell death. Our results indicate that Cd-induced death signalling starts with the causation of DNA damage and a cytosolic calcium flux. These two events lead to an apoptosis signalling-related mitochondrial membrane depolarisation and a classical DNA damage response. Simultaneously, autophagy signalling such as ER stress and phagosome formation is initiated. Importantly, we also observed lysosomal membrane permeabilization. It is the integration of all signals that results in DNA degradation and a disruption of the plasma membrane. Our data thus suggest that Cd causes the activation of multiple death signals in parallel. The genotype (for example, p53 positive or negative) as well as other factors may determine the initiation and rate of individual death signals. Differences in the signal mix and speed may explain the differing results recorded as to the Cd-induced mode of cell death thus far. In human endothelial cells it is the sum of most if not all of these signals that determine the mode of Cd-induced cell death: programmed necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Messner
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, AKH, Level 8 G9.03, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Adrian Türkcan
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, AKH, Level 8 G9.03, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Ploner
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Innsbruck, Department of Operative Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günther Laufer
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, AKH, Level 8 G9.03, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Bernhard
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Miandare HK, Niknejad M, Shabani A, Safari R. Exposure of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) to cadmium results in biochemical, histological and transcriptional alterations. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 181-182:1-8. [PMID: 26687766 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sturgeon is one of the endangered families of fish in the Caspian Sea region, where there is up to 80% of their global caching. Unfortunately, in recent years, increase of pollutants has been resulted in their total population reduction. Due to their benthic nature, sturgeons are at great risk of exposing to contaminants such as cadmium. Despite their endangered status in the Caspian Sea, there are only a few studies on characterizing the relative sensitivity of sturgeons to cadmium. Adverse effects associated with pollution on angiogenesis are mediated by hypoxia inducing factor-1 (HIF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In this investigation, gene expression of two distinct HIFs-1, HIF-1α and HIF-2α, and VEGF was investigated at the mRNA transcript levels after exposure of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) to cadmium. VEGF, HIF-1α and HIF-2α expressions in treated Persian sturgeon were greater than controls. Significant increases (P<0.05) were also observed in cortisol and glucose levels compared to the control group especially in the fish exposed to higher cadmium concentration (800 μg/L). Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were increased in the cadmium-exposed fish, although the observed increases were not significant between the control and 200 μg/L cadmium treatment at some sampling time points. Gill tissues also showed histopathological changes in the cadmium treatments. Overall, results indicated that cadmium resulted in some alterations in biochemical parameters, mRNA transcript level expression of two important angiogenesis related genes as well as histological alterations in Persian sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Kolangi Miandare
- Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Mahtab Niknejad
- Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Shabani
- Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Roghieh Safari
- Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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15
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Delayed vasculogenesis and impaired angiogenesis due to altered Ang-2 and VE-cadherin levels in the chick embryo model following exposure to cadmium. Pediatr Surg Int 2016; 32:175-86. [PMID: 26628413 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-015-3830-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cadmium (Cd) causes chick embryo malformation and abnormal extra-embryonic vasculature. This study investigates the effect of Cd on vasculogenesis, quantifies extra-embryonic vascular development following exposure to cadmium acetate (CdAc). METHODS After 48 or 60 h incubation, chicks were explanted and treated with 50 µl of 50 µM CdAc or equimolar sodium acetate. Embryos were again incubated then re-examined 4, 8, 24 and 48 h later. Gross morphological and histological manifestations were noted. Vasculogenesis was assessed by the development of omphalomesenteric vessels from blood islands. Sinus terminalis (ST), area vasculosa (AV), vessel density and embryo crown-rump length (CRL) were measured. Ang-2 and VE-cadherin mRNA expression was analysed by RT-PCR. RESULTS Vasculogenesis was delayed on gross and histological examination. ST length, AV area, vessel density and CRL were significantly reduced in the Cd group. Ang-2 was increased 4 h after exposure to Cd, whereas VE-cadherin was reduced. CONCLUSION Cd exposure inhibits normal development of extra-embryonic vasculature in line with growth retardation of the chick embryo in association with altered expression of Ang-2 and VE-cadherin.
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Lian S, Xia Y, Khoi PN, Ung TT, Yoon HJ, Kim NH, Kim KK, Jung YD. Cadmium induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression via ROS-dependent EGFR, NF-кB, and AP-1 pathways in human endothelial cells. Toxicology 2015; 338:104-16. [PMID: 26514923 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a widespread cumulative pollutant, is a known human carcinogen, associated with inflammation and tumors. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays a pivotal role in tumor metastasis; however, the mechanisms underlying the MMP-9 expression induced by Cd remain obscure in human endothelial cells. Here, Cd elevated MMP-9 expression in dose- and time-dependent manners in human endothelial cells. Cd increased ROS production and the ROS-producing NADPH oxidase. Cd translocates p47(phox), a key subunit of NADPH oxidase, to the cell membrane. Cd also activated the phosphorylation of EGFR, Akt, Erk1/2, and JNK1/2 in addition to promoting NF-кB and AP-1 binding activities. Specific inhibitor and mutagenesis studies showed that EGFR, Akt, Erk1/2, JNK1/2 and transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1 were related to Cd-induced MMP-9 expression in endothelial cells. Akt, Erk1/2, and JNK1/2 functioned as upstream signals in the activation of NF-κB and AP-1, respectively. In addition, N-acetyl-l-cystein (NAC), diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) and apocynin (APO) inhibited the Cd-induced activation of EGFR, Akt, Erk1/2, JNK1/2, and p38 MAPK, indicating that ROS production by NADPH oxidase is the furthest upstream signal in MMP-9 expression. At present, it states that Cd displayed marked invasiveness in ECV304 cells, which was partially abrogated by MMP-9 neutralizing antibodies. These results demonstrated that Cd induces MMP-9 expression via ROS-dependent EGFR->Erk1/2, JNK1/2->AP-1 and EGFR->Akt->NF-κB signaling pathways and, in turn, stimulates invasiveness in human endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lian
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Xia
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea
| | - Pham Ngoc Khoi
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea
| | - Trong Thuan Ung
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joong Yoon
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Ho Kim
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Keun Kim
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Do Jung
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea.
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Gheorghescu AK, Tywoniuk B, Duess J, Buchete NV, Thompson J. Exposure of chick embryos to cadmium changes the extra-embryonic vascular branching pattern and alters expression of VEGF-A and VEGF-R2. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Abstract
Environmental exposure is an important but underappreciated risk factor contributing to the development and severity of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The heart and vascular system are highly vulnerable to a number of environmental agents--ambient air pollution and the metals arsenic, cadmium, and lead are widespread and the most-extensively studied. Like traditional risk factors, such as smoking and diabetes mellitus, these exposures advance disease and mortality via augmentation or initiation of pathophysiological processes associated with CVD, including blood-pressure control, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, vascular function, and atherogenesis. Although residence in highly polluted areas is associated with high levels of cardiovascular risk, adverse effects on cardiovascular health also occur at exposure levels below current regulatory standards. Considering the widespread prevalence of exposure, even modest contributions to CVD risk can have a substantial effect on population health. Evidence-based clinical and public-health strategies aimed at reducing environmental exposures from current levels could substantially lower the burden of CVD-related death and disability worldwide.
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Li L, Dong F, Xu D, Du L, Yan S, Hu H, Lobe CG, Yi F, Kapron CM, Liu J. Short-term, low-dose cadmium exposure induces hyperpermeability in human renal glomerular endothelial cells. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:257-65. [PMID: 26011702 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Li
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Fengyun Dong
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Linna Du
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Suhua Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Hesheng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | | | - Fan Yi
- Department of Pharmacology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Carolyn M. Kapron
- Department of Biology; Trent University; Peterborough Ontario Canada
| | - Ju Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
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Türkcan A, Scharinger B, Grabmann G, Keppler BK, Laufer G, Bernhard D, Messner B. Combination of cadmium and high cholesterol levels as a risk factor for heart fibrosis. Toxicol Sci 2015; 145:360-71. [PMID: 25770136 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The deleterious effects of increased cadmium (Cd) serum levels on the cardiovascular system are proven by epidemiological and basic science studies. Cd exposure of animals and humans is known to impair myocardial function, possibly leading to heart failure. This study aims at investigating the effect of Cd treatment on the cardiac system with emphasis on the combined effect of Cd and high serum cholesterol levels as an important cardiovascular risk factor. Detailed analyses of Cd-induced effects on the heart of ApoE-/- mice fed a high fat diet (HFD), ApoE-/- mice fed a normal diet (ND), and C57BL/6J mice fed a ND revealed proinflammatory and fibrotic changes in the presence of cellular hypertrophy but in the absence of organ hypertrophy. Hypercholesterolemia in ApoE-/- mice alone and in combination with Cd treatment resulted in significant cardiomyocyte cell death. Based on further analyses of heart sections, we conclude that severe hypercholesterolemia in combination with ApoE-/- genotype as well as Cd treatment results in necrotic cardiomyocyte death. These data were supported by in vitro experiments showing a Cd-induced depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and the permeabilization of the plasma membrane arguing for the occurrence of Cd-induced necrotic cell death. In summary, we were able to show for the first time that the combination of high cholesterol and Cd levels increase the risk for heart failure through cardiac fibrosis. This observation could in part be explained by the dramatically increased deposition of Cd in the hearts of ApoE-/- mice fed a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Türkcan
- *Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Scharinger
- *Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerlinde Grabmann
- *Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- *Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günther Laufer
- *Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Bernhard
- *Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Messner
- *Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Marettová E, Maretta M, Legáth J. Toxic effects of cadmium on testis of birds and mammals: a review. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 155:1-10. [PMID: 25726439 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In humans and other mammals, cadmium (Cd) causes various damages to different organs and tissues of the body. This review presents a comprehensive overview on the effect of Cd on the structure of seminiferous tubules, Leydig cells and blood vessels in the testis. The main observation of the effect of Cd is destruction of the seminiferous tubules with severe necrotic areas. Damage is to all stages of developing germ cells by inducing their structural changes and the apoptotic cell death. Sertoli supporting cells are considered the most vulnerable cells. Their damage results in cytoplasmic rearrangement and disruption of inter-Sertoli tight junctions resulting in increased permeability of the blood-testis barrier, structural changes in the Leydig cells and decreased testosterone secretion. After long time of Cd exposure an increase of the amount of interstitial connective tissue occurs. In blood vessels Cd exposure causes various morphological and physiological changes in vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. In humans and other mammals, the range of effect depends on the dose, route, ways, and duration of exposure. After necrosis of the sensitive cells Cd produced lesions in surrounding tissue and activate free cells. Atrophy of the seminiferous tubules is followed by Leydig cell regeneration and interstitial revascularization. In birds, spermatogenic cells underwent irreversible degeneration or atrophy of seminiferous tubules in the absence of significant vascular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Marettová
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - M Maretta
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - J Legáth
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic
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Duranova H, Martiniakova M, Omelka R, Grosskopf B, Bobonova I, Toman R. Changes in compact bone microstructure of rats subchronically exposed to cadmium. Acta Vet Scand 2014; 56:64. [PMID: 25279860 PMCID: PMC4189194 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-014-0064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic exposure to cadmium (Cd), even at low concentrations, has an adverse impact on the skeletal system. Histologically, primary and secondary osteons as basic structural elements of compact bone can also be affected by several toxicants leading to changes in bone vascularization and mechanical properties of the bone. The current study was designed to investigate the effect of subchronic peroral exposure to Cd on femoral bone structure including histomorphometry of the osteons in adult male rats. In our study, 20 one-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two experimental groups. In the first group, young males received a drinking water containing 30 mg of CdCl2/L, for 90 days. Ten one-month-old males without Cd intoxication served as a control group. After 90 days of daily peroral exposure, body weight, femoral weight, femoral length, cortical bone thickness and histological structure of the femora were analysed. Results We found that subchronic peroral application of Cd had no significant effect on body weight, femoral length and cortical bone thickness in adult rats. On the other hand, femoral weight was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in Cd-intoxicated rats. These rats also displayed different microstructure in the middle part of the compact bone where vascular canals expanded into central area of substantia compacta and supplied primary and secondary osteons. Additionally, a few resorption lacunae which are connected with an early stage of osteoporosis were identified in these individuals. Histomorphometrical evaluations showed that all variables (area, perimeter, maximum and minimum diameter) of the primary osteons’ vascular canals, Haversian canals and secondary osteons were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the Cd group rats. This fact points to alterations in bone vascularization. Conclusions Subchronic peroral exposure to Cd significantly influences femoral weight and histological structure of compact bone in adult male rats. It induces an early stage of osteoporosis and causes reduced bone vascularization. Histomorphometrical changes of primary and secondary osteons allow for the conclusion that the bone mechanical properties could be weakened in the Cd group rats. The current study significantly expands the knowledge on damaging action of Cd on the bone.
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Cadmium induces vascular permeability via activation of the p38 MAPK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:447-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Angiogenesis, mediated by miR-21, is involved arsenite-induced carcinogenesis. Toxicol Lett 2013; 223:35-41. [PMID: 24012885 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Evidence for arsenite-induced lung cancer in humans is strong, but the molecular mechanisms by which arsenite causes cancer remain to be established. Angiogenesis is a fundamental characteristic of cancer and is necessary in its multi-step progression. In this investigation, the mechanism for arsenite-induced angiogenesis was evaluated. Tumors formed from human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells transformed by arsenite developed new blood vessels, which were prevented by the knockdown of miR-21, and cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) exposed to arsenite developed endothelial tubes, a characteristic of angiogenesis. Also found in transformed HBE cells were up-regulation of a microRNA, miR-21, and increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which promotes angiogenesis. Down-regulation of miR-21 in these cells inhibited the arsenite-induced increases of VEGF levels. Thus, we conclude that arsenite induces tumor angiogenesis through processes mediated by miR-21.
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Nagarajan S, Rajendran S, Saran U, Priya MK, Swaminathan A, Siamwala JH, Sinha S, Veeriah V, Sonar P, Jadhav V, Jaffar Ali BM, Chatterjee S. Nitric oxide protects endothelium from cadmium mediated leakiness. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:495-506. [PMID: 23404577 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium targets the vascular endothelium causing endothelial dysfunction and leakiness of endothelial barrier. Nitric oxide plays a major role in mediating endothelial functions including angiogenesis, migration and permeability. The present study investigates the nitric oxide effects on cadmium induced endothelial leakiness. Results of ex vivo and in vitro permeability assays showed that even a sub-lethal dose of cadmium chloride (1 µM) was sufficient to induce leakiness of endothelial cells. Cadmium drastically altered the actin polymerisation pattern and membrane tension of these cells compared to controls. Addition of nitric oxide donor Spermine NONOate (SP) significantly blunted cadmium-mediated effects and recover endothelial cells integrity. Cadmium-induced cytoskeletal rearrangements and membrane leakiness are associated with the low nitric oxide availability and high reactive oxygen species generation. In brief, we show the protective role of nitric oxide against cadmium-mediated endothelial leakiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunmugam Nagarajan
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, MIT Campus, Chromepet, Chennai 600 044, India
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Salazar-Lugo R, Vargas A, Rojas L, Lemus M. Histopathological changes in the head kidney induced by cadmium in a neotropical fish Colossoma macropomum. Open Vet J 2013; 3:145-50. [PMID: 26623329 PMCID: PMC4629623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of cadmium (Cd) on the structure and function of the head kidney in the freshwater fish Colossoma macropomum (C. macropomum). Juveniles were exposed to 0.1 mg/L CdCl2 for 31 days. Blood samples were examined using hematological tests and head kidney histology was determined by light microscopy. The concentration of Cd in the head and trunk kidneys was measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Cd produced histopathological changes in the head kidney, the most evident of these being: the thickening of the vein wall, an increase in the number of basophils/mast cells close to blood vessels and a severe depletion of hematopoietic precursors especially the granulopoietic series. In the blood, a decrease in the total leucocytes and hemoglobin concentration was observed. Cd-exposed fish showed higher Cd concentrations in the trunk kidney than the head kidney. In conclusion, exposure to Cd affected precursor hematopoietic cells in C. macropomum.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Salazar-Lugo
- Departamento de Bioanálisis, Laboratorio de Proteínas e Inmunotoxicidad, Postgrado de Biología Aplicada, Escuela de Ciencias, Núcleo de Sucre, Universidad de Oriente, Cumaná, Venezuela,Corresponding Author: Dr. Raquel Salazar-Lugo. Lab. Proteínas e Inmunotoxicidad, Postgrado Biología aplicada, Universidad de Oriente, Cumaná, Venezuela. Tel.: +582934002270.
| | - A. Vargas
- Departamento de Bioanálisis, Laboratorio de Proteínas e Inmunotoxicidad, Postgrado de Biología Aplicada, Escuela de Ciencias, Núcleo de Sucre, Universidad de Oriente, Cumaná, Venezuela
| | - L. Rojas
- Laboratorio de Histología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina y Ciencias Aplicadas (IIBCA-UDO), Núcleo de Sucre, Universidad de Oriente, Cumaná, Venezuela
| | - M. Lemus
- Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de Ecofisiología y Contaminación Ambiental, Escuela de Ciencias, Núcleo de Sucre, Universidad de Oriente, Cumaná, Venezuela
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Fearon IM, Acheampong DO, Bishop E. Modification of smoke toxicant yields alters the effects of cigarette smoke extracts on endothelial migration: an in vitro study using a cardiovascular disease model. Int J Toxicol 2012; 31:572-83. [PMID: 23129839 DOI: 10.1177/1091581812461810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial damage plays a key role in atherosclerosis and this is impacted upon by numerous risk factors including cigarette smoking. A potential measure to reduce the cardiovascular burden associated with smoking is to reduce smoke toxicant exposure. In an in vitro endothelial damage repair assay, endothelial cell migration was inhibited by cigarette smoke particulate matter (PM) generated from several cigarette types. This inhibition was reduced when cells were exposed to PM from an experimental cigarette with reduced smoke toxicant levels. As a number of toxicants induce oxidative stress and since oxidative stress may link cigarette smoke and endothelial damage, we hypothesized that PM effects were dependent on elevated cellular oxidants. However, although PM-induced cellular oxidant production could be inhibited by ascorbic acid or n-acetylcysteine, both these antioxidants were without effect on migration responses to PM. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species production, as indicated by dihydroethidium fluorescence, was not different in cells exposed to smoke from cigarettes with different toxicant levels. In summary, our data demonstrate that a cardiovascular disease-related biological response may be modified when cells are exposed to smoke containing different levels of toxicants. This appeared independent of the induction of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Fearon
- British American Tobacco, Group Research and Development, Regents Park Road, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK.
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Zepeda R, Castillo P, Sáez D, Llanos MN, Ronco AM. Cardiac tissue injury resistance during myocardial infarction at adulthood by developmental exposure to cadmium. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2012; 12:64-72. [PMID: 21858600 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-011-9139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that prenatal exposure to cadmium may alter the cardiovascular function during adulthood. Using the left coronary artery ligation model of acute myocardial infarction, we studied the cardiac function of female adult offspring rats exposed to cadmium (30 ppm) during gestation. The cardiac ischemic zone in the control and cadmium-exposed groups was measured 72 h post-ligation using the TPT staining technique. Offspring from cadmium-treated dams showed a significantly smaller infarcted area compared with the control group (7.1 ± 1.5 vs. 19.6 ± 2.8%, P ≤ 0.05). We also performed echocardiographic and biochemical studies, which positively correlated with the differences observed previously. To evaluate whether the effects were associated to pre-infarct tissue damage and/or angiogenic molecules, we performed histological studies and measured the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet endothelial cellular adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1). Results revealed a higher heart vascularization in the exposed offspring that was associated with an increase in PECAM and a decrease in VEGF expression. We conclude that prenatal exposure to cadmium induces fetal adaptive responses involving changes in the expression of some cardiac angiogenic molecules resulting in long-term resistance to infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Zepeda
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, El Líbano, Casilla, Macul, Santiago, Chile
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Jing Y, Liu LZ, Jiang Y, Zhu Y, Guo NL, Barnett J, Rojanasakul Y, Agani F, Jiang BH. Cadmium increases HIF-1 and VEGF expression through ROS, ERK, and AKT signaling pathways and induces malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol Sci 2011; 125:10-9. [PMID: 21984483 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is categorized as a human carcinogen especially involved in lung cancers. Angiogenesis is considered a fundamental requirement for tumorigenesis, but the mechanisms underlying the tumor angiogenesis induced by cadmium are poorly understood. Using in vitro and in vivo models, we investigated the angiogenic mechanisms of cadmium in human bronchial epithelial cells and tumor formation. Our results demonstrated that cadmium (CdCl(2)) activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and AKT signaling and elevated the expression of a key downstream proangiogenic molecule hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in immortalized human lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Cadmium also induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which could be inhibited by ROS scavengers, catalase and diphenyleneiodonium chloride. Inhibition of ROS generation also attenuated ERK, AKT, p70S6K1 activation, and HIF-1α expression. Similar results were obtained in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells, showing that cadmium induced HIF-1 expression via ROS/ERK/AKT signaling pathway. Furthermore, cadmium induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression and transcriptional activation through ROS, ERK, and AKT pathways. Finally, cadmium transformed human bronchial epithelial cells in culture; the transformed cells induced tube formation in vitro, angiogenesis on chicken chorioallantoic membrane, and formed tumors in nude mice. Taken together, the results of this study provide explanation for the role and molecular mechanisms of cadmium in promoting angiogenesis in lung epithelial cells and malignant transformation and will be helpful for improved occupational protection, prevention, as well as chemotherapy of human lung cancers caused by heavy metal cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jing
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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Kim J, Lim W, Ko Y, Kwon H, Kim S, Kim O, Park G, Choi H, Kim O. The effects of cadmium on VEGF-mediated angiogenesis in HUVECs. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 32:342-9. [PMID: 21425301 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic element that causes morphologic alterations and dysfunction in blood vessels. The altered vascular function caused by cadmium has been implicated in a range of chronic diseases, including hypertension. The effects of cadmium are a multisystem phenomenon involving inflammation, hypertrophy, apoptosis, angiogenesis and important processes involved in vascular remodeling systems. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a major role in cell growth and angiogenesis under pathologic conditions. VEGF secretion is related to anti-apoptosis protein expression and attenuates apoptosis in endothelial cells. This study examined the VEGF-dependent mechanisms of angiogenesis and apoptosis in cadmium-treated endothelial cells (HUVECs). The effects and mechanisms of cadmium in endothelial cells (HUVECs) were examined by exposing the cells to different doses of cadmium chloride (2.5-40 μ m). After the cadmium treatment, the angiogenesis and apoptosis mechanisms related to VEGF in cadmium-treated HUVECs were examined. As a result, the low concentration of cadmium increased the tube formation in HUVECs. In addition, cadmium at concentrations of 5 and 10 μ m increased VEGF secretion and VEGFR2 activity, which suggest that cadmium affects the growth of blood vessels. All three MAPK pathways, namely ERK, JNK and p38, were activated by cadmium in HUVECs. However, high concentrations of cadmium caused cell damage, disrupted tube formation and inhibited VEGF expression and the activities of VEGFR2 and MAPK in HUVECs. Cadmium has dual functions through VEGF-dependent mechanisms in a dose-dependent manner. In this study, the dual effects of cadmium might alter angiogenesis and induce apoptosis through VEGF pathways in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, 2nd stage of Brain Korea 21 for School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Bug-Gu, Gwangju, Korea
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Lee MS, Park SK, Hu H, Lee S. Cadmium exposure and cardiovascular disease in the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2011; 111:171-6. [PMID: 21055738 PMCID: PMC3683977 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited epidemiologic data are available concerning the cardiovascular effects of cadmium exposure, although recent studies suggest associations with myocardial infarction and peripheral arterial disease. We examined the associations of cadmium exposure with cardiovascular disease in nationally representative general Korean adults. METHODS We used cross-sectional data on blood cadmium and self-reported diagnoses of ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, and hypertension in a sub-sample of 1908 adults, aged 20 years and older, who participated in the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). We used survey logistic regression models accounting for the complex sampling design to estimate the odds ratios (OR), adjusting for age, education, income, alcohol, smoking, body mass index, waist circumference, family history of hypertension, blood pressure, and blood lead. RESULTS The geometric mean of blood cadmium was 1.53 μg/L. After adjusting for potential confounders, an interquartile range (IQR) increase in blood cadmium (0.91 μg/L) was found to be associated with an increased risk for IHD (OR 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-3.4). An IQR increase in blood cadmium was found to be associated with an elevated risk for hypertension only among men (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.8) but not among women. No association was observed with stroke in both genders. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that cadmium in blood may be associated with an increased risk for IHD and hypertension in the general Korean adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Lee
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sundong Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Oriental Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Kangwon, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author at: Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Oriental Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Kangwon, Republic of Korea. Fax: +82 33 738 7825. (S. Lee)
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D'Andrea LD, Romanelli A, Di Stasi R, Pedone C. Bioinorganic aspects of angiogenesis. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:7625-36. [PMID: 20535417 DOI: 10.1039/c002439b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a physiologic process characterized by the sprouting of a new blood vessel from a pre-existing one. In mammalians the angiogenesis process is dormant, except for few physiological conditions such as wound healing and ovulation. In healthy individuals angiogenesis is finely tuned by pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. The shift from this equilibrium, under pathological conditions (pathological angiogenesis) is associated with several human diseases of high social impact. An efficient angiogenesis also requires that angiogenic factors cooperate with microenvironment derived co-factors, including metals. In this Perspective we describe the bioinorganic aspects of angiogenesis which contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and regulation of angiogenesis. In particular, the role of metals, especially copper, metalloproteinases, and the current status on the imaging of angiogenesis targeting VEGF or VEGF receptors will be discussed.
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Messner B, Bernhard D. Cadmium and cardiovascular diseases: cell biology, pathophysiology, and epidemiological relevance. Biometals 2010; 23:811-22. [PMID: 20213268 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-010-9314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Today cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the killer number one world wide. In 2004 an estimated 17.1 million people died due to CVDs and this number will further increase to an estimated 23.6 million by 2030. Importantly, currently known risk factors, like hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia, can only be made responsible for about 50-75% of all CVDs, highlighting the urgent need to search for and define new CVD risk factors. Cadmium (Cd) was shown to have the potential to serve as one such novel risk factor, as it was demonstrated-in vitro, in animal studies, and in human studies-that Cd causes atherosclerosis (the basis of most CVDs). Herein, we discuss the molecular and cellular biological effects of Cd in the cardiovascular system; we present concepts on the pathophysiology of Cd-caused atherosclerosis, and provide data that indicate an epidemiological relevance of Cd as a risk factor for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Messner
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
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Kurowska E, Bal W. Recent Advances in Molecular Toxicology of Cadmium and Nickel. ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-0854(10)04003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Majumder S, Gupta R, Reddy H, Sinha S, Muley A, Kolluru GK, Chatterjee S. Cadmium attenuates bradykinin-driven nitric oxide production by interplaying with the localization pattern of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 87:605-20. [PMID: 19767824 DOI: 10.1139/o09-018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium, a ubiquitous heavy metal, interferes with endothelial functions and angiogenesis. Bradykinin is a Ca-mobilizing soluble peptide that acts via nitric oxide to promote vasodilation and capillary permeability. The objective of the present study was to explore the Cd implications in bradykinin-dependent endothelial functions. An egg yolk angiogenesis model was employed to evaluate the effect of Cd on bradykinin-induced angiogenesis. The results demonstrate that 100 nmol/L Cd attenuated bradykinin-dependent angiogenesis. The results of the in vitro wound healing and tube formation assays by using EAhy 926, a transformed endothelial cell line, suggest that Cd blocked bradykinin-mediated endothelial migration and tube formation by 38% and 67%, respectively, while nitric oxide supplementation could reverse the effect of Cd on bradykinin-induced endothelial migration by 94%. The detection of nitric oxide by using a DAF-2DA fluorescent probe, Griess assay, and ultrasensitive electrode suggests that Cd blocked bradykinin-induced nitric oxide production. Fluorescence imaging of eNOS-GFP transfected endothelial cells, immunofluorescence, and Western blot studies of Cd and bradykinin-treated cells show that Cd interfered with the localization pattern of eNOS, which possibly attenuates nitric oxide production in part. Additionally, Ca imaging of Cd- and bradykinin-treated cells suggests that Cd blocked bradykinin-dependent Ca influx into the cells, thus partially blocking Ca-dependent nitric oxide production in endothelial cells. The results of this study conclude that Cd blunted the effect of bradykinin by interfering with the Ca-associated NOS activity specifically by impeding subcellular trafficking of eNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syamantak Majumder
- Vascular Biology Lab, Life Sciences Division, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus, Anna University, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jeng SY, Wu SM, Lee JD. Cadmium accumulation and metallothionein overexpression in internal spermatic vein of patients with varicocele. Urology 2009; 73:1231-5. [PMID: 19362335 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 12/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the possible molecular mechanism for the thickened wall in the internal spermatic vein (ISV) of patients with varicocele, we examined the cadmium (Cd) content and metallothionein (MT) expression in these diseased vessels. Previous studies have shown that Cd might play a role in the etiology of varicocele-associated infertility. MT, a metal-binding protein, protects against cell apoptosis during hypoxia. METHODS The study group consisted of 20 patients with grade 3 left varicocele. The control group consisted of 15 volunteers with left-sided indirect inguinal hernia. Through a left inguinal incision, a 1-cm section of the ISV was resected from each patient to measure the Cd and MT levels. The results were analyzed using Student's t test. RESULTS The Cd content in the ISV was 59.84 +/- 5.7 ng/g in the control group and 192.1 +/- 24.2 ng/g in the varicocele group. The relative intensity of the MT band was 40.52 +/- 3.74 in the control group and 78.26 +/- 5.61 in the varicocele group. MT expression was greater in the varicocele group than in the control group, and its deposition in the vascular endothelial layer was predominant using immunohistochemistry staining and confocal laser scanning. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study have demonstrated a greater accumulation of Cd in the ISV of the varicocele group than in the control group. The high Cd content and hypoxic conditions would induce overexpression of MT in the diseased vessels to protect the vascular cells from apoptosis. This might be a mechanism for the thickened wall of the ISV in patients with varicocele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaw-Yeu Jeng
- Department of Surgery, Yuanshan Veterans Hospital, Yuanshan Township, Yilan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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