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Teffera M, Veith AC, Ronnekleiv-Kelly S, Bradfield CA, Nikodemova M, Tussing-Humphreys L, Malecki K. Diverse mechanisms by which chemical pollutant exposure alters gut microbiota metabolism and inflammation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108805. [PMID: 38901183 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome, the host, and the environment are inextricably linked across the life course with significant health impacts. Consisting of trillions of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other micro-organisms, microbiota living within our gut are particularly dynamic and responsible for digestion and metabolism of diverse classes of ingested chemical pollutants. Exposure to chemical pollutants not only in early life but throughout growth and into adulthood can alter human hosts' ability to absorb and metabolize xenobiotics, nutrients, and other components critical to health and longevity. Inflammation is a common mechanism underlying multiple environmentally related chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease, multiple cancer types, and mental health. While growing research supports complex interactions between pollutants and the gut microbiome, significant gaps exist. Few reviews provide descriptions of the complex mechanisms by which chemical pollutants interact with the host microbiome through either direct or indirect pathways to alter disease risk, with a particular focus on inflammatory pathways. This review focuses on examples of several classes of pollutants commonly ingested by humans, including (i) heavy metals, (ii) persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and (iii) nitrates. Digestive enzymes and gut microbes are the first line of absorption and metabolism of these chemicals, and gut microbes have been shown to alter compounds from a less to more toxic state influencing subsequent distribution and excretion. In addition, chemical pollutants may interact with or alter the selection of more harmful and less commensal microbiota, leading to gut dysbiosis, and changes in receptor-mediated signaling pathways that alter the integrity and function of the gut intestinal tract. Arsenic, cadmium, and lead (heavy metals), influence the microbiome directly by altering different classes of bacteria, and subsequently driving inflammation through metabolite production and different signaling pathways (LPS/TLR4 or proteoglycan/TLR2 pathways). POPs can alter gut microbial composition either directly or indirectly depending on their ability to activate key signaling pathways within the intestine (e.g., PCB-126 and AHR). Nitrates and nitrites' effect on the gut and host may depend on their ability to be transformed to secondary and tertiary metabolites by gut bacteria. Future research should continue to support foundational research both in vitro, in vivo, and longitudinal population-based research to better identify opportunities for prevention, gain additional mechanistic insights into the complex interactions between environmental pollutants and the microbiome and support additional translational science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menna Teffera
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US; Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US.
| | - Alex C Veith
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US.
| | - Sean Ronnekleiv-Kelly
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US; Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US; Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US.
| | - Christopher A Bradfield
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US; Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US; Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US.
| | - Maria Nikodemova
- College of Public Health and Health Professionals, University of Florida, FL, US.
| | - Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, US; University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, US.
| | - Kristen Malecki
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US; Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US; University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, US; Environmental Occupational Health Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, US.
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2
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Çiçek S. α-tocopherol ameliorates copper II oxide nanoparticles-induced cytotoxic, biochemical, apoptotic, and genotoxic damages in the rainbow trout gonad cells-2 (RTG-2) culture. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 101:104168. [PMID: 37295739 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of α-tocopherol on oxidative stress-caused damage caused by copper II oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) on Oncorhynchus mykiss gonadal cells (RTG-2) for 24 and 48 h. α-Tocopherol reversed the cell death and alterations in the expressions of genes such as sod1, gpx1a, gpx4b, and igf2 caused by CuO NPs; it also supported the expressions of cat, igf1, and gapdh genes caused by CuO NPs for 24 h and promoted alterations in the expressions of the sod2, gh1, and igf1 genes for 48 h. Additionally, α-tocopherol reversed the caspase 3/7 activity increased by CuO NPs for 24 h and supported it's decrease for 48 h. α-Tocopherol supported the increase in tail DNA (%) affected by CuO NPs for 24 h and reversed it for 48 h. Therefore, α-tocopherol may have the potential to protect against cellular alterations induced by CuO NPs in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Çiçek
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey.
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3
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Çiçek S. Influences of l-ascorbic acid on cytotoxic, biochemical, and genotoxic damages caused by copper II oxide nanoparticles in the rainbow trout gonad cells-2. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 266:109559. [PMID: 36738901 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In parallel with the raising use of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) in various industrial and commercial practices, scientific reports on their release to the environment and toxicity are increasing. The toxicity of CuO NPs is mostly based on their oxidative stress. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the efficacy of well-known therapeutic agents as antioxidants against CuO NPs damage. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of this damage and to display whether l-ascorbic acid could preserve against the cell toxicities induced by CuO NPs in the rainbow trout gonad cells-2 (RTG-2). While CuO NPs treatment significantly diminished cell viability, the l-ascorbic acid supplement reversed this. l-ascorbic acid treatment reversed the changes in expressions of sod1, sod2, gpx1a, and gpx4b genes while playing a supportive role in the changes in the expression of the cat gene induced by CuO NPs treatment. Moreover, CuO NPs treatment caused an upregulation in the expressions of growth-related genes (gh1, igf1, and igf2) and l-ascorbic acid treatment further increased these effects. CuO NPs treatment significantly up-regulated the expression of the gapdh gene (glycolytic enzyme gene) compared to the control group, and l-ascorbic acid treatment significantly down-regulated the expression of the gapdh gene compared to CuO NPs treatment. The genotoxicity test demonstrated that l-ascorbic acid treatment increased the genotoxic effect caused by CuO NPs by acting as a co-mutagen. Based on the findings, l-ascorbic acid has the potential to be sometimes inhibitory and sometimes supportive of cellular mechanisms caused by CuO NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Çiçek
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25400, Turkey.
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4
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Behan-Bush R, Liszewski JN, Schrodt MV, Vats B, Li X, Lehmler HJ, Klingelhutz AJ, Ankrum JA. Toxicity Impacts on Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Acutely Exposed to Aroclor and Non-Aroclor Mixtures of Polychlorinated Biphenyl. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1731-1742. [PMID: 36651682 PMCID: PMC9893815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) accumulates in adipose where it may impact the growth and function of cells within the tissue. This is particularly concerning during adolescence when adipocytes expand rapidly. Herein, we sought to understand how exposure to PCB mixtures found in U.S. schools affects human adipose mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) health and function. We investigated how exposure to Aroclor 1016 and Aroclor 1254, as well as a newly characterized non-Aroclor mixture that resembles the PCB profile found in cabinets, Cabinet Mixture, affects adipose MSC growth, viability, and function in vitro. We found that exposure to all three mixtures resulted in two distinct types of toxicity. At PCB concentrations >20 μM, the majority of MSCs die, while at 1-10 μM, MSCs remained viable but display numerous alterations to their phenotype. At these sublethal concentrations, the MSC rate of expansion slowed and morphology changed. Further assessment revealed that PCB-exposed MSCs had impaired adipogenesis and a modest decrease in immunosuppressive capabilities. Thus, exposure to PCB mixtures found in schools negatively impacts the health and function of adipose MSCs. This work has implications for human health due to MSCs' role in supporting the growth and maintenance of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley
M. Behan-Bush
- Roy
J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Fraternal
Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Jesse N. Liszewski
- Roy
J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Fraternal
Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Michael V. Schrodt
- Roy
J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Fraternal
Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Bhavya Vats
- Roy
J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Xueshu Li
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Aloysius J. Klingelhutz
- Fraternal
Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, University
of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - James A. Ankrum
- Roy
J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Fraternal
Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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5
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Martin N, Wassmur B, Baun A, Lammel T. Availability and effects of n-TiO 2 and PCB77 in fish in vitro models of the intestinal barrier and liver under single- and/or co-exposure scenarios. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 253:106343. [PMID: 36327689 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (n-TiO2) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can be present in the food of fish, leading to intestinal exposure uptake, and accumulation in inner organs. This study examined combination effects of n-TiO2 and PCB77 in vitro models of the fish intestinal epithelium and liver, i.e., RTgut-GC cell cultures grown in ThinCerts™ and RTL-W1 cell cultures grown in standard tissue culture plates. Mass spectrometry and microscopy techniques were used to obtain information on nanoparticle translocation across the intestinal barrier model. In addition, the substances' effect on intestinal barrier permeability, cell viability, expression of dioxin - and antioxidant response element -controlled genes, and induction of cytochrome P450 1a (Cyp1a)-dependent ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity were assessed. TiO2 nanoparticles were taken up by RTgut-GC cells and detected in the bottom compartment of the intestinal epithelial barrier model. It was not possible to conclude definitively if n-TiO2 translocation occurred via transcytosis or paracellular migration but observations of nanoparticles in the lateral space between adjacent epithelial cells were rare. PCB77 (1 and 10 µM, 24 h) did not affect barrier permeability, i.e., n-TiO2 translocation is probably not facilitated in case of co-exposure. Furthermore, previous and simultaneous exposure to n-TiO2 (1 and 10 mg/L, 24 h) did not have any influence on PCB77-induced Cyp1a mRNA and enzyme activity levels in RTL-W1 cells. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in expression of antioxidant response element-controlled genes comparing control, single substance, and mixture treatments, not even following long-term exposure (0.01-1 mg/L n-TiO2 + 1 nM PCB77, 4 weeks). While an underestimation of the effects of n-TiO2 and PCB77 cannot be fully excluded as concentration losses due to sorption to cell culture plastics were not measured, the results suggest that the test substances probably have a low potential to exhibit combination effects on the assessed endpoints when co-existing in fish tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Martin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18 A, Box 463, Göteborg 413 90, Sweden
| | - Britt Wassmur
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18 A, Box 463, Göteborg 413 90, Sweden
| | - Anders Baun
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 115, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tobias Lammel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18 A, Box 463, Göteborg 413 90, Sweden.
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6
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Negrete-Bolagay D, Zamora-Ledezma C, Chuya-Sumba C, De Sousa FB, Whitehead D, Alexis F, Guerrero VH. Persistent organic pollutants: The trade-off between potential risks and sustainable remediation methods. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113737. [PMID: 34536739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) have become a very serious issue for the environment because of their toxicity, resistance to conventional degradation mechanisms, and capacity to bioconcentrate, bioaccumulate and biomagnify. In this review article, the safety, regulatory, and remediation aspects of POPs including aromatic, chlorinated, pesticides, brominated, and fluorinated compounds, are discussed. Industrial and agricultural activities are identified as the main sources of these harmful chemicals, which are released to air, soil and water, impacting on social and economic development of society at a global scale. The main types of POPs are presented, illustrating their effects on wildlife and human beings, as well as the ways in which they contaminate the food chain. Some of the most promising and innovative technologies developed for the removal of POPs from water are discussed, contrasting their advantages and disadvantages with those of more conventional treatment processes. The promising methods presented in this work include bioremediation, advanced oxidation, ionizing radiation, and nanotechnology. Finally, some alternatives to define more efficient approaches to overcome the impacts that POPs cause in the hydric sources are pointed out. These alternatives include the formulation of policies, regulations and custom-made legislation for controlling the use of these pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Negrete-Bolagay
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, 100119, Urcuquí, Ecuador.
| | - Camilo Zamora-Ledezma
- Tissue Regeneration and Repair: Orthobiology, Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Research Group, UCAM - Universidad Católica de Murcia, Avda. Los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Cristina Chuya-Sumba
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, 100119, Urcuquí, Ecuador.
| | - Frederico B De Sousa
- Laboratório de Sistemas Poliméricos e Supramoleculares, Physics and Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Itajubá, 37500-903, Itajubá, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
| | - Frank Alexis
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, 100119, Urcuquí, Ecuador.
| | - Victor H Guerrero
- Department of Materials, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, Quito, 170525, Ecuador.
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7
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Vidali MS, Dailianis S, Vlastos D, Georgiadis P. PCB cause global DNA hypomethylation of human peripheral blood monocytes in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:103696. [PMID: 34171487 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We have recently reported significant associations between exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and alterations on genome-wide methylation of leukocyte DNA of healthy volunteers and provided evidence in support of an etiological link between the observed CpG methylation variations and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The present study aimed to elucidate the effects of PCB in human lymphocytes' methylome in vitro. Therefore, U937 cells and human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) were exposed in vitro to the dioxin-like PCB-118, the non-dioxin-like PCB-153, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and thorough cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and global CpG methylation analyses were performed. All compounds currently tested did not show any consistent significant genotoxicity at all exposure periods and concentrations used. On the contrary, extensive dose-dependent hypomethylation was observed, even at low concentrations, in stimulated PBMC treated with PCB-118 and PCB-153 as well as a small but statistically significant hypomethylation in HCB-treated stimulated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Sofia Vidali
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas.Constantinou Av, GR-11635, Athens, Greece; Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, GR-26500, Patras, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dailianis
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, GR-26500, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris Vlastos
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, GR-30100, Agrinio, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Georgiadis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas.Constantinou Av, GR-11635, Athens, Greece.
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Oregel-Zamudio E, Alvarez-Bernal D, Franco-Hernandez MO, Buelna-Osben HR, Mora M. Bioaccumulation of PCBs and PBDEs in Fish from a Tropical Lake Chapala, Mexico. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9100241. [PMID: 34678937 PMCID: PMC8540629 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lake Chapala is the largest natural freshwater reservoir in Mexico and the third largest lake in Latin America. Lakes are often considered the final deposit of polluting materials; they can be concentrated in the organisms that inhabit them, the water, and the sediments. The PCBs and PBDEs are environmental pollutants highly studied for their known carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. PCB and PBDE bioaccumulation levels were determined in Chirostoma spp., Cyprinus carpio, and Oreochromis aureus. In addition, we monitored the concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs in sediment and water from Lake Chapala were monitored. Samples were collected during two periods, in October 2018 and May 2019. The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Two bioaccumulation factors were determined in fish, one in relation to the concentration of PCBs and PBDEs in sediments and the other in relation to the concentration of PCBs and PBDEs in water. The PCB levels were 0.55–3.29 ng/g dry weight (dw) in sediments, 1.43–2.98 ng/mL in water, 0.30–5.31 ng/g dw in Chirostoma spp., 1.06–6.07 ng/g dw in Cyprinus carpio, and 0.55–7.20 ng/g dw in Oreochromis aureus. The levels of PBDEs were 0.17–0.35 ng/g dw in sediments, 0.13–0.32 ng/mL in water, 0.01–0.23 ng/g dw in Chirostoma spp., 0–0.31 ng/g dw in Cyprinus carpio, and 0.1–0.22 ng/g dw in Oreochromis aureus. This study provides information for a better understanding of the movement, global distribution, and bioaccumulation of PCBs and PBDEs. The results show that the fish, water, and sediments of Lake Chapala are potential risks to the biota and the local human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Oregel-Zamudio
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología-IPN (UPIBI), Av. Acueducto, Barrio la Laguna Ticoman, Ciudad de México 07340, Mexico;
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Michoacán, Justo Sierra 28, Col. Centro, Jiquilpan 59510, Mexico; (D.A.-B.); (H.R.B.-O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-353-533-0218
| | - Dioselina Alvarez-Bernal
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Michoacán, Justo Sierra 28, Col. Centro, Jiquilpan 59510, Mexico; (D.A.-B.); (H.R.B.-O.)
| | - Marina Olivia Franco-Hernandez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología-IPN (UPIBI), Av. Acueducto, Barrio la Laguna Ticoman, Ciudad de México 07340, Mexico;
| | - Hector Rene Buelna-Osben
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Michoacán, Justo Sierra 28, Col. Centro, Jiquilpan 59510, Mexico; (D.A.-B.); (H.R.B.-O.)
| | - Miguel Mora
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, 454 Throckmorton St, College Station, TX 77840, USA;
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Akcha F, Cahuc C, Rouxel J, Munschy C, Aminot Y, Chouvelon T, Mahe K, Budzinski H, Mauffret A. Development in the European flounder (Platichthys flesus) of a q-PCR assay for the measurement of telomere length, a potential biomarker of pollutant effects for biomonitoring studies. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 170:112610. [PMID: 34146858 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres protect the coding sequence of chromosome ends and Telomere Length (TL) has been proposed as a biomarker of cellular aging, cumulative stress exposure and life-span in humans. With the aim to propose new biomarkers, a q-PCR protocol was adapted for the measurement of TL in the European flounder Platichthys flesus. The protocol was then applied in 2-year-old flounders from the Seine Estuary. The absolute TL in the flounder is 54 ± 13 kbp per genome (mean ± standard error). Considering relative or absolute TL, no correlation was observed with DNA damage and any of the measured contaminant concentrations (trace elements, metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorobiphenyls, organochlorinated pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, perfluoroalkyl substances). Because sampling was limited, further investigations are required to state a possible impact of chemical pollution on flatfish telomeres. This is motivated by correlations observed with organochlorinated compounds when decreasing statistical significance (p ≤ 0.10).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Akcha
- Ifremer, Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Unit, Nantes, France.
| | - C Cahuc
- Ifremer, Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Unit, Nantes, France
| | - J Rouxel
- Ifremer, Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Unit, Nantes, France
| | - C Munschy
- Ifremer, Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Unit, Nantes, France
| | - Y Aminot
- Ifremer, Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Unit, Nantes, France
| | - T Chouvelon
- Ifremer, Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Unit, Nantes, France
| | - K Mahe
- Ifremer, Laboratory of Fisheries Resources, Boulogne-Sur-Mer, France
| | - H Budzinski
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Laboratory of Physico- and Toxico-Chemistry of the Environment, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Mauffret
- Ifremer, Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Unit, Nantes, France
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10
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Inderberg H, Neerland ED, McPartland M, Sparstad T, Bytingsvik J, Nikiforov VA, Evenset A, Krøkje Å. Expression of DNA repair genes in arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from Bjørnøya in the Norwegian Arctic. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 210:111846. [PMID: 33429320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High levels of organochlorines (OCs) have been measured in arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from Lake Ellasjøen on Bjørnøya, Norway (74.30°N, 19.0°E). In a nearby lake, Laksvatn, the OC-levels in arctic char were low. A previous study has shown that char from Ellasjøen had significantly higher levels of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) than char from Lake Laksvatn. Even though there is increasing evidence of the genotoxic effects of OCs, little is known about the effects of OCs on the DNA repair system. The aim of the present study was to determine if the two main DNA DSB repair mechanisms, homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), are affected by the higher OC and DSB level in char from Ellasjøen. This was analysed by comparing the transcript level of 11 genes involved in DNA DSB repair in char liver samples from Ellasjøen (n = 9) with char from Laksvatn (n = 12). Six of the investigated genes were significantly upregulated in char from Ellasjøen. As the expression of DNA DSB repair genes was increased in the contaminant-exposed char, it is likely that the DNA DSB repair capacity is induced in these individuals. This induction was positively correlated with the DNA DSB and negatively correlated with one or several OCs for four of these genes. However, the strongest predictor variable for DNA repair genes was habitat, indicating genetic differences in repair capacity between populations. As char from Ellasjøen still had significantly higher levels of DSBs compared to char from Laksvatn, it is possible that chronic exposure to OCs and continued production of DSB has caused selective pressure within the population for fixation of adaptive alleles. It is also possible that DSB production was exceeding the repair capacity given the prevailing conditions, or that the OC or DSB level was above the threshold value of inhibition of the DNA repair system resulting in the rate of DNA damage exceeding the rate of repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Inderberg
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eirik D Neerland
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Molly McPartland
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torfinn Sparstad
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jenny Bytingsvik
- Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre-High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Hjalmar Johansens gate 14, N-9007 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Vladimir A Nikiforov
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Fram Centre-High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Hjalmar Johansens gate 14, N-9007 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anita Evenset
- Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre-High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Hjalmar Johansens gate 14, N-9007 Tromsø, Norway; UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Åse Krøkje
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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11
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Deziel NC, Warren JL, Huang H, Zhou H, Sjodin A, Zhang Y. Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides and thyroid cancer in connecticut women. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110333. [PMID: 33068584 PMCID: PMC7736223 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer incidence has increased substantially over the past decades, and environmental risk factors have been suggested to play a role. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and organochlorine pesticides (OCP) are established thyroid hormone disruptors, but their relationship to thyroid cancer is not known. METHODS We investigated the relationship between serum PCB and OCP concentrations and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in 250 incident female PTC cases and 250 female controls frequency-matched on age, all residing in Connecticut. Interviews and serum samples were collected from 2010 to 2013. Samples were analyzed for 32 different chemicals using gas chromatography with isotope dilution high resolution mass spectrometry. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using single pollutant logistic regression models for concentrations (per interquartile range) of individual PCB/OCP and summed groups of structurally or biologically similar PCB/OCP, adjusted for education, family history of cancer, alcohol consumption, age, and body mass index. Sub-analyses included stratification by tumor size (≤ and >1 cm) and birth before or during peak PCB production (born in 1960 or earlier and born after 1960), as exposures during early life may be important. We also applied three multi-pollutant approaches (standard multi-pollutant regression, hierarchical Bayesian modeling, principal components regression analysis) to investigate associations with co-exposures to multiple PCB/OCPs. RESULTS No PCB/OCPs were positively associated with PTC in primary analyses. Statistically significant associations were observed for 9 of the 32 chemicals and 3 summed groups of similar chemicals in the those born during peak production based on single-pollutant models. Multi-pollutant analyses suggested null associations overall. CONCLUSIONS Our results using single and multi-pollutant modeling do not generally support an association between PCB or OCP exposure and PTC, but some associations in those born during peak production suggest that additional investigation into early-life exposures and subsequent thyroid cancer risk may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Deziel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Joshua L Warren
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Surgical Outcomes, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Haoran Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Surgical Outcomes, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andreas Sjodin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Surgical Outcomes, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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12
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Sex-specific effects of developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls on neuroimmune and dopaminergic endpoints in adolescent rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2020; 79:106880. [PMID: 32259577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental contaminants early in life can have long lasting consequences for physiological function. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of ubiquitous contaminants that perturb endocrine signaling and have been associated with altered immune function in children. In this study, we examined the effects of developmental exposure to PCBs on neuroimmune responses to an inflammatory challenge during adolescence. Sprague Dawley rat dams were exposed to a PCB mixture (Aroclor 1242, 1248, 1254, 1:1:1, 20 μg/kg/day) or oil control throughout pregnancy, and adolescent male and female offspring were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 50 μg/kg, ip) or saline control prior to euthanasia. Gene expression profiling was conducted in the hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, striatum, and midbrain. In the hypothalamus, PCBs increased expression of genes involved in neuroimmune function, including those within the nuclear factor kappa b (NF-κB) complex, independent of LPS challenge. PCB exposure also increased expression of receptors for dopamine, serotonin, and estrogen in this region. In contrast, in the prefrontal cortex, PCB exposure blunted or induced irregular neuroimmune gene expression responses to LPS challenge. Moreover, neither PCB nor LPS exposure altered expression of neurotransmitter receptors throughout the mesocorticolimbic circuit. Almost all effects were present in males but not females, in agreement with the idea that male neuroimmune cells are more sensitive to perturbation and emphasizing the importance of studying both male and female subjects. Given that altered neuroimmune signaling has been implicated in mental health and substance abuse disorders that often begin during adolescence, these results highlight neuroimmune processes as another mechanism by which early life PCBs can alter brain function later in life.
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13
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Zehra A, Hashmi MZ, Khan AM, Malik T, Abbas Z. Biphasic Dose-Response Induced by PCB150 and PCB180 in HeLa Cells and Potential Molecular Mechanisms. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820910040. [PMID: 32206047 PMCID: PMC7076582 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820910040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent and their dose-dependent toxicities studies are not well-established. In this study, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of PCB150 and PCB180 in HeLa cells were studied. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay indicated that the cell proliferation was stimulated at low doses (10−3 and 10−2 µg/mL for 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours) and inhibited at high doses (10 and 15 µg/mL for 24, 48, and 72 hours) for both PCBs. Increase in reactive oxygen species formation was observed in the HeLa cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase showed increased levels at high concentrations of PCBs over the time. Glutathione peroxidase expression was downregulated after PCBs exposure, suggested that both PCB congeners may attributable to cytotoxicity. Comet assay elicited a significant increase in genotoxicity at high concentrations of PCBs as compared to low concentrations indicating genotoxic effects. PCB150 and PCB180 showed decrease in the activity of extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase at high concentrations after 12 and 48 hours. These findings may contribute to understanding the mechanism of PCBs-induced toxicity, thereby improving the risk assessment of toxic compounds in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainy Zehra
- Department of Zoology, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Tariq Malik
- Department of Pharmacy, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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14
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Rybakovas A, Arbačiauskas K, Markovskienė V, Jokšas K. Contamination and genotoxicity biomarker responses in bivalve mussels from the major Lithuanian rivers. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2020; 61:338-354. [PMID: 31569264 DOI: 10.1002/em.22336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
European inland waters are under continuous threat of anthropogenic pollution. Determination of background level of biomarker response and subsequent classification of the impact increases the applicability of results. In the current study, we evaluate the range of chemical contamination by measuring the concentrations of metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls, and the levels of environmental genotoxicity by using the micronuclei and nuclear bud tests in bivalve mussels of the major Lithuanian rivers. Second, we aimed to evaluate the association between chemical contamination and genotoxicity biomarker responses. Finally, we set to determine the background level of genotoxic effects. Such value (summed frequency of MN and NB) was assessed-6‰. On that basis, we develop a scale of potential genotoxic impact and perform ranging sites into five categories. The results clearly indicate the existence of significant differences in the levels of chemical pollution and genotoxicity in different sites. Increased levels of studied parameters were assessed at the areas affected by municipal and industrial effluents, road runoff, combustion products, and in the area contaminated by accidental spillage. On the other hand, downstream decrease of contamination level, presumably associated with biological degradation and photochemical oxidation, were also observed. Genotoxicity parameters were associated with PAH and metal concentrations measured in mussel tissues as well as in sediments. Results also indicate that in situ genotoxicity assessment performed in the areas affected by long-term contamination of municipal origin might be not sufficiently precise. Study highlights the necessity to combine genotoxicity assessment with chemical analysis. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 61:338-354, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kęstutis Arbačiauskas
- Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Life Sciences Center of Vilnius University, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaida Markovskienė
- Life Sciences Center of Vilnius University, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius, Lithuania
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15
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Neerland ED, Bytingsvik J, Nikiforov VA, Evenset A, Krøkje Å. DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus) from Bjørnøya in the Norwegian Arctic. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:2405-2413. [PMID: 31343779 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High levels of organochlorine contaminants (OCs) have been found in arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from Lake Ellasjøen, Bjørnøya (Norwegian Arctic). The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential genotoxic effect of environmental organochlorine contaminant exposure in arctic char from Ellasjøen compared with arctic char from the low-contaminated Lake Laksvatn nearby. Blood was analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis and image data analysis to quantify the fraction of total DNA that migrated into the gel (DNA-FTM) as a relative measure of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Analysis by GC-MS of muscle samples showed an average 43 times higher concentration of ΣOCs in arctic char from Ellasjøen (n = 18) compared with Laksvatn char (n = 21). Char from Lake Ellasjøen had a much higher frequency of DSBs, as measured by DNA-FTM, than char from Lake Laksvatn. Principal component analysis and multiple linear regressions show that there was a significant positive relationship between DSBs and levels of organochlorine contaminants in the char. In addition, DSBs were less frequent in reproductively mature char than in immature char. The results suggest that organochlorine contaminants are genotoxic to arctic char. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2405-2413. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirik D Neerland
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jenny Bytingsvik
- Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre-High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Vladimir A Nikiforov
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Fram Centre-High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anita Evenset
- Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre-High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Tromsø, Norway
- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Åse Krøkje
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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16
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de Lima GG, Mendes C, de Marchi G, Vicari T, Cestari MM, Gomes MF, Ramsdorf WA, Magalhães WLE, Hansel FA, Leme DM. The evaluation of the potential ecotoxicity of pyroligneous acid obtained from fast pyrolysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:616-623. [PMID: 31132557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pyroligneous acid (PA) is a by-product of bio-oil, which is obtained by pyrolysis of the wood. This product has been tested for use in several areas, such as agriculture, as a promising green herbicide; however, there are few scientific data regarding its environmental impacts. For this study, an ecotoxicity testing battery, composed of Daphnia magna acute toxicity test, Allium cepa test and in vitro Comet assay with the rainbow trout gonad-2 cell fish line (RTG-2) were used to evaluate the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of PA obtained from fast pyrolysis of eucalyptus wood fines. The PA presented acute toxicity to D. magna (microcrustacea) with EC50 of 26.12 mg/L, and inhibited the seed germination (EC50 5.556 g/L) and root development (EC50 3.436 g/L) of A. cepa (higher plant). No signs of genotoxicity (chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in A. cepa and primary DNA lesions in RTG-2 cells) were detected to this product. The acute toxicity and absence of genotoxicity may relate to the molecules found in the PA, being the phenolic fraction the key chemical candidate responsible for the toxicity observed. In addition, daphnids seem to be more sensitivity to the toxicity of PA than higher plants based on their EC50 values. This first ecotoxicological evaluation of PA from fast pyrolysis pointed out the need of determining environmental exposure limits to promote the safer agriculture use of this product, avoiding impacts to living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Goetten de Lima
- Graduate Program in Engineering and Science of Materials - PIPE, Federal University of Paraná - UFPR, 81.531-990 Curitiba PR, Brazil; Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Camila Mendes
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Gustavo de Marchi
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Taynah Vicari
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Monike F Gomes
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Lammel T, Wassmur B, Mackevica A, Chen CEL, Sturve J. Mixture toxicity effects and uptake of titanium dioxide (TiO 2) nanoparticles and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB77) in juvenile brown trout following co-exposure via the diet. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 213:105195. [PMID: 31203167 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (n-TiO2) are among the man-made nanomaterials that are predicted to be found at high concentrations in the aquatic environment. There, they likely co-exist with other chemical pollutants. Thus, n-TiO2 and other chemical pollutants can be taken up together or accumulate independently from each other in prey organisms of fish. This can lead to dietary exposure of fish to n-TiO2-chemical pollutant mixtures. In this study, we examine if simultaneous dietary exposure to n-TiO2 and 3,3',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB77) -used as a model compound for persistent organic pollutants with dioxin-like properties- can influence the uptake and toxicological response elicited by the respective other substance. Juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) were fed custom-made food pellets containing n-TiO2, PCB77 or n-TiO2+PCB77 mixtures for 15 days. Ti and PCB77 concentrations in the liver were measured by ICP-MS and GC-MS, respectively. Besides, n-TiO2 uptake was assessed using TEM. Combination effects on endpoints specific for PCB77 (i.e., cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) induction) and endpoints shared by both PCB77 and n-TiO2 (i.e., oxidative stress-related parameters) were measured in intestine and liver using RT-qPCR and enzyme activity assays. The results show that genes encoding for proteins/enzymes essential for tight junction function (zo-1) and ROS elimination (sod-1) were significantly upregulated in the intestine of fish exposed to n-TiO2 and PCB77 mixtures, but not in the single-substance treatments. Besides, n-TiO2 had a potentiating effect on PCB77-induced CYP1A and glutathione reductase (GR) expression/enzyme activity in the liver. This study shows that simultaneous dietary exposure to nanomaterials and traditional environmental pollutants might result in effects that are larger than observed for the substances alone, but that understanding the mechanistic basis of such effects remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Lammel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Gothenburg University, Sweden.
| | - Britt Wassmur
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Gothenburg University, Sweden
| | - Aiga Mackevica
- TU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Chang-Er L Chen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Sweden; Environmental Research Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Joachim Sturve
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Gothenburg University, Sweden
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18
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Masset T, Frossard V, Perga ME, Cottin N, Piot C, Cachera S, Naffrechoux E. Trophic position and individual feeding habits as drivers of differential PCB bioaccumulation in fish populations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 674:472-481. [PMID: 31022538 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite PCBs being banned since the 1980's, some European peri-alpine lakes, and consequently their fish populations, are still contaminated by these xenobiotics. We investigated the relative contribution of physiological and trophic factors that could be implicated in fish PCB bioaccumulation in Lake Bourget (France), one of the most contaminated in Europe, by collecting Arctic char (n = 55) and European whitefish (n = 89) from 2013 to 2016. Concentrations of 7 indicator PCBs were 9-168 ng.g w.w-1 in whitefish and 90-701 ng.g w.w-1 in Arctic char. The fish trophic positions calculated from δ 15N values were positively correlated with PCB concentrations (r2 = 0.45; p < 0.001). A biomagnification model relying on TP and lipid content of fish was then designed, and it confirmed this result. A Bayesian mixing model based on δ 13C and δ 15N values was used to estimate the relative contribution of preys in the fish diet, which explained a significant proportion of the biomagnification model residuals (i.e., 17%). Zooplankton consumption was negatively correlated with PCB concentrations, whereas consumption of chironomids enhanced the PCB burden in fish. Correction of the biomagnification model for individual diets of fish increased the correlation between the predicted and measured fish PCB contents (R2 = 0.71; p < 0.001), highlighting the importance of fish feeding habits in the bioaccumulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Masset
- Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc, LCME, 73000 Chambéry, France.
| | - V Frossard
- Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc, INRA, CARRTEL, 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - M E Perga
- UNIL, IDYST, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Cottin
- Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc, LCME, 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - C Piot
- Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc, LCME, 73000 Chambéry, France
| | | | - E Naffrechoux
- Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc, LCME, 73000 Chambéry, France
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de Brito Rodrigues L, Gonçalves Costa G, Lundgren Thá E, da Silva LR, de Oliveira R, Morais Leme D, Cestari MM, Koppe Grisolia C, Campos Valadares M, de Oliveira GAR. Impact of the glyphosate-based commercial herbicide, its components and its metabolite AMPA on non-target aquatic organisms. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 842:94-101. [PMID: 31255230 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) is the active ingredient of several herbicide formulations widely used to control weeds in agricultural and non-agricultural areas. Due to the intensive use of GLY-based herbicides and their direct application on soils, some of their components, including the active ingredient, may reach the aquatic environment through direct run-off and leaching. The present study assessed the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of the GLY-based formulation Atanor 48 (ATN) and its major constituents GLY, surfactant polyethoxylated tallow amine (POEA), as well as the main metabolite of GLY aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) on non-target aquatic organisms. The toxic effects of these chemicals were evaluated in the fish embryo acute toxicity test with zebrafish (Danio rerio), while genotoxic effects were investigated in the comet assays with cells from zebrafish larvae and rainbow trout gonad-2 (RTG-2). GLY and AMPA caused no acute toxic effect, while ATN and POEA induced significant lethal effects in zebrafish (LC50-96 h 76.50 mg/L and 5.49 mg/L, respectively). All compounds were genotoxic in comet experiments with zebrafish larvae (LOEC 1.7 mg/L for GLY, ATN, AMPA and 0.4 mg/L for POEA). Unlike in vivo, only POEA induced DNA damage in RTG-2 cells (LOEC 1.6 mg/L), suggesting that it is a direct acting genotoxic agent. In summary, these data indicate that the lethal effects on zebrafish early-life stages can be ranked in the following order from most to least toxic: surfactant POEA > formulation ATN > active ingredient GLY ≈ metabolite AMPA. Genotoxic effects were observed in both RTG-2 cells (only POEA) and zebrafish (all test compounds) with the lowest tested concentrations. Therefore, it is important to evaluate different toxicological endpoints as well as use different non-target organisms to predict the hazards of GLY-based formulations and their components and breakdown product to aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rhaul de Oliveira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; School of Technology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Morais Leme
- Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), UNESP, Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Cesar Koppe Grisolia
- Biological Sciences Institute - University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Gisele Augusto Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), UNESP, Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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20
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Žegura B, Filipič M. The application of the Comet assay in fish cell lines. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 842:72-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Finlayson KA, Leusch FDL, van de Merwe JP. Cytotoxicity of organic and inorganic compounds to primary cell cultures established from internal tissues of Chelonia mydas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 664:958-967. [PMID: 30769319 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemical contaminants have been found in the tissues of sea turtles from all over the world; however, very little is known about the effects. Recently, in vitro alternatives to live animal testing have been applied to sea turtles due to their ethical and practical benefits. While primary skin fibroblasts have been established for several species of sea turtle, cells from internal organs are lacking, though they may be more relevant due to the well documented accumulation of contaminants within internal tissues. This study established primary cell cultures from the small intestine, heart, liver, ovary and skin of green turtles (Chelonia mydas). Cells were exposed to ten contaminants typically found in sea turtles to examine potential variations in sensitivity among cells established from different organs. Differences between cells established from different animals were also examined, including a comparison of cells established from a turtle with fibropapillomatosis (FP) and healthy turtles. Loggerhead (Caretta caretta) primary skin cells were also included for species comparisons. Significant differences were found between the organ types, with liver and heart being the least sensitive, and skin being the most sensitive. Overall, variation between the organ types was low. Primary skin fibroblasts may be a suitable and representative cell type for in vitro turtle toxicology research, as it is relatively easy to obtain from healthy live animals. Skin cultures provide a more sensitive indication of effect, and could be used as an early warning of the potential effects of chemical contamination. Some species differences were found but no differences were found between cell cultures from an FP turtle and healthy turtles. When EC50 values were compared to accumulation values from the literature, inorganic contaminants, such as Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Cu were identified as posing a potential risk to sea turtle populations around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Finlayson
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Jason P van de Merwe
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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22
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Organochlorinated pesticides expedite the enzymatic degradation of DNA. Commun Biol 2019; 2:81. [PMID: 30820476 PMCID: PMC6391446 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular DNA in the environment may play important roles in genetic diversity and biological evolution. However, the influence of environmental persistent organic contaminants such as organochlorinated pesticides (e.g., hexachlorocyclohexanes [HCHs]) on the enzymatic degradation of extracellular DNA has not been elucidated. In this study, we observed expedited enzymatic degradation of extracellular DNA in the presence of α-HCH, β-HCH and γ-HCH. The HCH-expedited DNA degradation was not due to increased deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) activity. Our spectroscopic and computational results indicate that HCHs bound to DNA bases (most likely guanine) via Van der Waals forces and halogen bonds. This binding increased the helicity and accumulation of DNA base pairs, leading to a more compact DNA structure that exposed more sites susceptible to DNase I and thus expedited DNA degradation. This study provided insight into the genotoxicity and ecotoxicity of pesticides and improved our understanding of DNA persistence in contaminated environments.
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Santovito A, Gendusa C, Ferraro F, Musso I, Costanzo M, Ruberto S, Cervella P. Genomic damage induced by the widely used fungicide chlorothalonil in peripheral human lymphocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:578-583. [PMID: 29929134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlorothalonil is an important broad spectrum fungicide widely used in agriculture, silviculture, and urban settings. As a result of its massive use, chlorothalonil was found in all environmental matrices, with consequent risks to the health of terrestrial and aquatic organisms, as well as for humans. We analyzed the effects of chlorothalonil on human lymphocytes using in vitro chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and micronuclei (MNi) assays. Lymphocytes were exposed to five concentrations of chlorothalonil: 0.600 µg/mL, 0.060 µg/mL, 0.030 µg/mL, 0.020 µg/mL, and 0.015 µg/mL, where 0.020 and 0.600 µg/mL represent the ADI and the ARfD concentration values, respectively, established by FAO/WHO for this compound; 0.030 and 0.060 μg/mL represent intermediate values of these concentrations and 0.015 μg/mL represents the ADI value established by the Canadian health and welfare agency. We observed cytogenetic effects of chlorothalonil on cultured human lymphocytes in terms of increased CAs and MNi frequencies at all tested concentrations, including the FAO/WHO ADI and ARfD values of 0.020 and 0.600 μg/mL, respectively, but with exception of the Canadian ADI value of 0.015 μg/mL. Finally, no sexes differences were found in the levels of CAs and MNi induced by different chlorothalonil concentrations. Similarly, the mitotic index and the cytokinesis-block proliferation index did not show any significant effect on the proliferative capacity of the cells, although at the chlorothalonil concentration of 0.600 μg/mL the P-values of both indices were borderline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Santovito
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Via Accademia Albertina n. 13, 10123 Torino, Italy.
| | - Claudio Gendusa
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Via Accademia Albertina n. 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferraro
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Via Accademia Albertina n. 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Irene Musso
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Via Accademia Albertina n. 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Costanzo
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Via Accademia Albertina n. 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruberto
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Via Accademia Albertina n. 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Piero Cervella
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Via Accademia Albertina n. 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
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Pannetier P, Fuster L, Clérandeau C, Lacroix C, Gourves PY, Cachot J, Morin B. Usefulness of RTL-W1 and OLCAB-e3 fish cell lines and multiple endpoint measurements for toxicity evaluation of unknown or complex mixture of chemicals. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 150:40-48. [PMID: 29268113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fish are currently used for the assessment of chemical toxicity. The REACh regulation and the European directive on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes both recommend the use of methods other than animal testing. In view of this, fish cell lines are increasingly used to provide fast and reliable toxic and ecotoxic data on new chemicals. The sensitivity of the Rainbow trout liver cell line RTL-W1 and Japanese medaka embryos cell line OLCAB-e3 were used with different toxicity endpoints, namely cytotoxicity, EROD activity, ROS production and DNA damage for various classes of pollutants displaying different modes of action but also with complex environmental mixtures. Toxicity tests were coupled with chemical analysis to quantify the chemical concentrations in cell cultures. Differences in sensitivity were found between fish cell lines. MTT reduction assay revealed that OLCAB-e3 cells were more sensitive than RTL-W1 cells. On the contrary, RTL-W1 gave higher response levels for the Fpg-modified comet assay and ROS assay. The OLCAB-e3 cell line did not express EROD activity unlike RTL-W1. This study highlights the capacity of the two different fish cell lines to measure the toxicity of individual toxicants but also environmental mixtures. Then, results obtained here illustrate the interest of using different cell lines and toxicity endpoints to assess the toxicity of complex or unknown mixture of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Fuster
- Univ, Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400 Talence, France
| | | | - Camille Lacroix
- Cedre, Centre de Documentation, de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les Pollutions Accidentelles des Eaux, Brest Cedex 2, France
| | | | - Jérôme Cachot
- Univ, Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400 Talence, France
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25
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Haarr A, Hylland K, Eckbo N, Gabrielsen GW, Herzke D, Bustnes JO, Blévin P, Chastel O, Moe B, Hanssen SA, Sagerup K, Borgå K. DNA damage in Arctic seabirds: Baseline, sensitivity to a genotoxic stressor, and association with organohalogen contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1084-1091. [PMID: 29120089 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants are found throughout Arctic marine ecosystems, and their presence in seabirds has been associated with toxicological responses. However, there are few studies of genotoxicity in Arctic avian wildlife. The purpose of the present study was to quantify deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in lymphocytes of selected seabird species and to examine whether accumulation of organohalogen contaminants (ΣOHCs) affects DNA damage. Blood was sampled from common eider (Somateria mollissima), black guillemot (Cepphus grylle), black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), arctic skua (Stercorarius parasiticus), and great skua (Stercorarius skua) in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (Norway). Contaminant concentrations found in the 6 species differed, presumably because of foraging ecology and biomagnification. Despite large differences in contaminant concentrations, ranging from ΣOHCs 3.3 ng/g wet weight in the common eider to ΣOHCs 895 ng/g wet weight in the great skua, there was no strong difference among the species in baseline DNA damage or sensitivity to a genotoxic stressor (hydrogen peroxide). Baseline levels of DNA damage were low, with median values ranging from 1.7% in the common eider to 8.6% in the great skua. There were no associations between DNA damage and contaminants in the investigated species, suggesting that contaminant concentrations in Kongsfjorden are too low to evoke genotoxic effects, or possibly that lymphocytes are resistant to strand breakage. Clearly, genotoxicity is a topic for future studies of Arctic seabirds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1084-1091. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Haarr
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ketil Hylland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Norith Eckbo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Dorte Herzke
- Norwegian Institute of Air Research (NILU), Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jan Ove Bustnes
- Norwegian Institute of Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Pierre Blévin
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Conseil National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Université de la, Rochelle, France
| | - Olivier Chastel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Conseil National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Université de la, Rochelle, France
| | - Børge Moe
- Norwegian Institute of Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sveinn Are Hanssen
- Norwegian Institute of Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Katrine Borgå
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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26
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Phillips MC, Dheer R, Santaolalla R, Davies JM, Burgueño J, Lang JK, Toborek M, Abreu MT. Intestinal exposure to PCB 153 induces inflammation via the ATM/NEMO pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 339:24-33. [PMID: 29197519 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that adversely affect human health. PCBs bio-accumulate in organisms important for human consumption. PCBs accumulation in the body leads to activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, a major driver of inflammation. Despite dietary exposure being one of the main routes of exposure to PCBs, the gut has been widely ignored when studying the effects of PCBs. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of PCB 153 on the intestine and addressed whether PCB 153 affected intestinal permeability or inflammation and the mechanism by which this occurred. METHODS Mice were orally exposed to PCB 153 and gut permeability was assessed. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) were collected and evaluated for evidence of genotoxicity and inflammation. A human IEC line (SW480) was used to examine the direct effects of PCB 153 on epithelial function. NF-кB activation was measured using a reporter assay, DNA damage was assessed, and cytokine expression was ascertained with real-time PCR. RESULTS Mice orally exposed to PCB 153 had an increase in intestinal permeability and inflammatory cytokine expression in their IECs; inhibition of NF-кB ameliorated both these effects. This inflammation was associated with genotoxic damage and NF-кB activation. Exposure of SW480 cells to PCB 153 led to similar effects as seen in vivo. We found that activation of the ATM/NEMO pathway by genotoxic stress was upstream of NF-kB activation. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that oral exposure to PCB 153 is genotoxic to IECs and induces downstream inflammation and barrier dysfunction in the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Phillips
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rishu Dheer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rebeca Santaolalla
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Julie M Davies
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Juan Burgueño
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jessica K Lang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maria T Abreu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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27
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Utilization of isolated marine mussel cells as an in vitro model to assess xenobiotics induced genotoxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 44:219-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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28
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Ledda C, Loreto C, Zammit C, Marconi A, Fago L, Matera S, Costanzo V, Sanzà GF, Palmucci S, Ferrante M, Costa C, Fenga C, Biondi A, Pomara C, Rapisarda V. Non‑infective occupational risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: A review (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:511-533. [PMID: 28000892 PMCID: PMC5364850 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the second leading worldwide cause of cancer‑associated mortalities. Hepatocellular carcinoma, which accounts for the majority of liver tumors, ranks fifth among types of human cancer. Well‑established risk factors for liver cancer include the hepatitis B and C viruses, aflatoxins, alcohol consumption, and oral contraceptives. Tobacco smoking, androgenic steroids, and diabetes mellitus are suspected risk factors. Current knowledge regarding non‑infective occupational risk factors for liver cancer is inconclusive. The relevance of liver disorders to occupational medicine lies in the fact that the majority of chemicals are metabolized in the liver, and toxic metabolites generated via metabolism are the predominant cause of liver damage. However, their non‑specific clinical manifestations that are similar in a number of liver diseases make diagnosis difficult. Furthermore, concomitant conditions, such as viral hepatitis and alcohol or drug abuse, may mask liver disorders that result from occupational hepatotoxic agents and block the demonstration of an occupational cause. The identification of environmental agents that result in human cancer is a long and often difficult process. The purpose of the present review is to summarize current knowledge regarding the association of non‑infective occupational risk exposure and HCC, to encourage further research and draw attention to this global occupational public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ledda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
- Hygiene and Public Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies ‘GF Ingrassia’, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Loreto
- Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Christian Zammit
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD-2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Andrea Marconi
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Fago
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Serena Matera
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina Costanzo
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fuccio Sanzà
- Division of Radiology, ‘Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele’ University Hospital, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Palmucci
- Division of Radiology, ‘Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele’ University Hospital, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Hygiene and Public Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies ‘GF Ingrassia’, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Costa
- Occupational Medicine, Department of the Environment, Safety, Territory, Food and Health Sciences, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Concettina Fenga
- Occupational Medicine, Department of the Environment, Safety, Territory, Food and Health Sciences, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Biondi
- General Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Pomara
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD-2080 Msida, Malta
- Forensic Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, I-71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
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29
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Deutschmann B, Kolarevic S, Brack W, Kaisarevic S, Kostic J, Kracun-Kolarevic M, Liska I, Paunovic M, Seiler TB, Shao Y, Sipos S, Slobodnik J, Teodorovic I, Vukovic-Gacic B, Hollert H. Longitudinal profile of the genotoxic potential of the River Danube on erythrocytes of wild common bleak (Alburnus alburnus) assessed using the comet and micronucleus assay. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 573:1441-1449. [PMID: 27519325 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The Joint Danube Survey 3 (JDS3; the biggest river expedition in 2013) had offered the unique opportunity for a large-scale monitoring approach for biomarker response in feral fish collected along a Danube stretch from Kehlheim (DE) to Sulina (RO). The advantage of genotoxicity as a marker for pollution exposure in fish is the early detection of possible long-term effects such as cancer. Therefore, genotoxicity was in the focus of the biomarker investigations in fish during the expedition. Blood samples of common bleak (Alburnus alburnus) for the investigation of the micronucleus frequency and comet tail intensity of fragmented DNA material in erythrocytes were collected at 18 and 12 sampling sites, respectively. For 9 sampling sites same samples were used to compare the in-situ data for the comparable genotoxic endpoint in the micronucleus (MN) and comet assay (CM). The data of both in-situ assays showed a significant correlation, indicating the strength and comparability of the data sets. Significant variation in DNA damage in fish along the longitudinal profile of the Danube was demonstrated for both assays compared to reference sites. The results suggest that DNA damage in erythrocytes of fish was mainly affected by wastewater of highly populated regions. No linkage between the results and the general health/dietary status of the fish were revealed, whereas correlation with some genotoxicity drivers in the water phase, suspended particulate matter and sediments could be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Deutschmann
- Institute for Environmental Research (Bio V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stoimir Kolarevic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Werner Brack
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sonja Kaisarevic
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovana Kostic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Margareta Kracun-Kolarevic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Liska
- International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River, Wagramer Strasse 5, A-1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Momir Paunovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- Institute for Environmental Research (Bio V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ying Shao
- Institute for Environmental Research (Bio V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandor Sipos
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Ivana Teodorovic
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Branka Vukovic-Gacic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research (Bio V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 1 Tiansheng Road Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, China.
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30
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Fenstad AA, Bustnes JO, Bingham CG, Öst M, Jaatinen K, Moe B, Hanssen SA, Moody AJ, Gabrielsen KM, Herzke D, Lierhagen S, Jenssen BM, Krøkje Å. DNA double-strand breaks in incubating female common eiders (Somateria mollissima): Comparison between a low and a high polluted area. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:297-303. [PMID: 27517757 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the genetic material may have severe consequences for individuals and populations. Hence, genotoxic effects of environmental exposure to pollutants are of great concern. We assessed the impact of blood concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and mercury (Hg) on DNA double-strand break (DSB) frequency, in blood cells of a high-exposed Baltic, and lower exposed Arctic population of common eiders (Somateria mollissima). Furthermore, we examined whether the genotoxic response was influenced by antioxidant concentration (plasma total glutathione (tGSH) and total antioxidant capacity) and female body mass. The DNA DSB frequency did not differ between the two populations. We found significant positive relationships between Hg and DNA DSB frequency in Baltic, but not in Arctic eiders. Although both p,p'-DDE and PCB 118 had a lesser effect than Hg, they exhibited a positive association with DNA DSB frequency in Baltic eiders. Antioxidant levels were not important for the genotoxic effect, suggesting alternative mechanisms other than GSH depletion for the relationship between Hg and DNA DSBs. Hence, the Baltic population, which is considered to be endangered and is under the influence of several environmental stressors, may be more susceptible to genotoxic effects of environmental exposure to Hg than the Arctic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette A Fenstad
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Jan O Bustnes
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Framsenteret, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christopher G Bingham
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Markus Öst
- Environmental and Marine Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademy University, Turku, Finland; Novia University of Applied Science (NOVIA), Coastal Zone Research Team, Ekenäs, Finland
| | - Kim Jaatinen
- Novia University of Applied Science (NOVIA), Coastal Zone Research Team, Ekenäs, Finland
| | | | - Sveinn A Hanssen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Framsenteret, Tromsø, Norway
| | - A John Moody
- Plymouth University, School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth, UK
| | - Kristin M Gabrielsen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dorte Herzke
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Framsenteret, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Bjørn M Jenssen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Åse Krøkje
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway.
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31
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Rapisarda V, Loreto C, Malaguarnera M, Ardiri A, Proiti M, Rigano G, Frazzetto E, Ruggeri MI, Malaguarnera G, Bertino N, Malaguarnera M, Catania VE, Di Carlo I, Toro A, Bertino E, Mangano D, Bertino G. Hepatocellular carcinoma and the risk of occupational exposure. World J Hepatol 2016; 8:573-90. [PMID: 27168870 PMCID: PMC4858622 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i13.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. The main risk factors for HCC are alcoholism, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cirrhosis, aflatoxin, hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease and hemophilia. Occupational exposure to chemicals is another risk factor for HCC. Often the relationship between occupational risk and HCC is unclear and the reports are fragmented and inconsistent. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the association of infective and non-infective occupational risk exposure and HCC in order to encourage further research and draw attention to this global occupational public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venerando Rapisarda
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Loreto
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Malaguarnera
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ardiri
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Proiti
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rigano
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Evelise Frazzetto
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Irene Ruggeri
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Malaguarnera
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Bertino
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Mariano Malaguarnera
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Vito Emanuele Catania
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Isidoro Di Carlo
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Adriana Toro
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bertino
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Dario Mangano
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Bertino
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Berwick M, Buller DB, Cust A, Gallagher R, Lee TK, Meyskens F, Pandey S, Thomas NE, Veierød MB, Ward S. Melanoma Epidemiology and Prevention. Cancer Treat Res 2016; 167:17-49. [PMID: 26601858 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22539-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The epidemiology of melanoma is complex, and individual risk depends on sun exposure, host factors, and genetic factors, and in their interactions as well. Sun exposure can be classified as intermittent, chronic, or cumulative (overall) exposure, and each appears to have a different effect on type of melanoma. Other environmental factors, such as chemical exposures-either through occupation, atmosphere, or food-may increase risk for melanoma, and this area warrants further study. Host factors that are well known to be important are the numbers and types of nevi and the skin phenotype. Genetic factors are classified as high-penetrant genes, moderate-risk genes, or low-risk genetic polymorphisms. Subtypes of tumors, such as BRAF-mutated tumors, have different risk factors as well as different therapies. Prevention of melanoma has been attempted using various strategies in specific subpopulations, but to date optimal interventions to reduce incidence have not emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Berwick
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC10-5550, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA.
| | - David B Buller
- Klein Buendel, Inc., 1667 Cole Boulevard, Suite 225, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
| | - Anne Cust
- Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Level 6, 119-143 Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
| | - Richard Gallagher
- Cancer Control Research Program, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Tim K Lee
- Cancer Control Research Program, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Frank Meyskens
- Public Health and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, USA.
| | - Shaily Pandey
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Nancy E Thomas
- University of North Carolina, 413 Mary Ellen Jones Bldg. CB#7287, Chapel Hill, NC, 275992, USA.
| | - Marit B Veierød
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 1122 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sarah Ward
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease (GOHaD), The University of Western Australia, M409, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
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Viganò L, De Flora S, Gobbi M, Guiso G, Izzotti A, Mandich A, Mascolo G, Roscioli C. Exposing native cyprinid (Barbus plebejus) juveniles to river sediments leads to gonadal alterations, genotoxic effects and thyroid disruption. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 169:223-239. [PMID: 26580918 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Juveniles (50 days post hatch) of a native cyprinid fish (Barbus plebejus) were exposed for 7 months to sediments from the River Lambro, a polluted tributary impairing the quality of the River Po for tens of kilometers from their confluence. Sediments were collected upstream of the city of Milan and downstream at the closure of the drainage basin of the River Lambro. Chemical analyses revealed the presence of a complex mixture of bioavailable endocrine-active chemicals, with higher exposure levels in the downstream section of the tributary. Mainly characterized by brominated flame retardants, alkylphenols, polychlorinated biphenyls, and minor co-occurring personal care products and natural hormones, the sediment contamination induced reproductive disorders, as well as other forms of endocrine disruption and toxicity. In particular, exposed male barbel exhibited higher biliary PAH-like metabolites, overexpression of the cyp1a gene, vitellogenin production in all specimens, the presence of oocytes (up to 22% intersex), degenerative alterations in their testis, liver fat vacuolization, a marked depression of total thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) plasma levels, and genotoxic damages determined as hepatic DNA adducts. These results clearly demonstrate that Lambro sediments alone are responsible for recognizable changes in the structure and function of the reproductive and, in general, the endocrine system of a native fish species. In the real environment, exposure to waterborne and food-web sources of chemicals are responsible for additional toxic loads, and the present findings thus provide evidence for a causal role of this tributary in the severe decline observed in barbel in recent decades and raise concern that the fish community of the River Po is exposed to endocrine-mediated health effects along tens of kilometres of its course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Viganò
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy.
| | - Silvio De Flora
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via A. Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via G. La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Guiso
- Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via G. La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via A. Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberta Mandich
- Department of Earth, Environment, and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Biosistemi e Biostrutture (INBB), Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mascolo
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Via De Blasio 5, 70132 Bari, Italy
| | - Claudio Roscioli
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy
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Elnar AA, Allouche A, Desor F, Yen FT, Soulimani R, Oster T. Lactational exposure of mice to low levels of non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls increases susceptibility to neuronal stress at a mature age. Neurotoxicology 2015; 53:314-320. [PMID: 26480858 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lactational exposure to low levels of the sum of the six indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (Σ6 NDL-PCBs, 10ng/kg/day) is known to lead to persistent anxious behavior in young and adult offspring mice at postnatal days 40 and 160, respectively. At more advanced life stages, we evaluated the effects on the mouse brain of neuronal stress induced by the synaptotoxic amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide. Perinatal exposure of lactating mice to Σ6 NDL-PCBs did not affect short-term memory performances of their offspring male mice aged 14 months as compared to control PCB-naive mice. However, following intracerebroventricular injection of soluble Aβ oligomers, significant impairments in long-term memory were detected in the mice that had been lactationally treated with Σ6 NDL-PCBs. In addition, immunoblot analyses of the synaptosomal fraction of hippocampal tissues from treated mice revealed a lower expression of the synaptic proteins synaptophysin and PSD-95. Though preliminary, our findings suggest for the first time that early exposure to low levels of NDL-PCBs induce late neuronal vulnerability to amyloid stress. Additional experiments are needed to confirm whether early environmental influences are involved in the etiology of brain aging and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpiné Ardzivian Elnar
- Neurotoxicologie Alimentaire et Bioactivité, MRCA, BP 4102, 57040 Metz, France; Université de Lorraine, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (UR AFPA), EA3998, INRA USC 0340, France.
| | - Ahmad Allouche
- Biodisponibilité et Fonctionnalités des Lipides Alimentaires, BFLA, ENSAIA, Avenue de la forêt de Haye, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (UR AFPA), EA3998, INRA USC 0340, France
| | - Frédéric Desor
- Neurotoxicologie Alimentaire et Bioactivité, MRCA, BP 4102, 57040 Metz, France; Université de Lorraine, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (UR AFPA), EA3998, INRA USC 0340, France
| | - Frances T Yen
- Biodisponibilité et Fonctionnalités des Lipides Alimentaires, BFLA, ENSAIA, Avenue de la forêt de Haye, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (UR AFPA), EA3998, INRA USC 0340, France
| | - Rachid Soulimani
- Neurotoxicologie Alimentaire et Bioactivité, MRCA, BP 4102, 57040 Metz, France; Université de Lorraine, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (UR AFPA), EA3998, INRA USC 0340, France
| | - Thierry Oster
- Biodisponibilité et Fonctionnalités des Lipides Alimentaires, BFLA, ENSAIA, Avenue de la forêt de Haye, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (UR AFPA), EA3998, INRA USC 0340, France
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Calò R, Visone CM, Marabini L. Thymol and Thymus Vulgaris L. activity against UVA- and UVB-induced damage in NCTC 2544 cell line. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 791:30-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Murati T, Šimić B, Brozovic A, Kniewald J, Miletić Gospić A, Bilandžić N, Kmetič I. PCB 77 action in ovary cells--toxic effects, apoptosis induction and cell cycle analysis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2015; 25:302-11. [PMID: 25835094 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1028605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT PCB 77 (3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl), a non-ortho congener with planar configuration, has been identified as potential endocrine disrupter capable to increase the risk of reproductive and developmental failure. OBJECTIVE In the present study, in vitro PCB 77 toxic potential, apoptosis induction and cell cycle alterations were investigated to reveal direct toxic effects on ovarian cells. METHODS Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO-K1) cell line was selected as a model system and decreased cell viability was confirmed by application of four bioassays. Cellular morphology and quantitative analysis of apoptotic, necrotic and viable cells were determined with fluorescent microscopy and cell cycle phase distributions by measuring DNA content using flow cytometry. RESULTS We have indicated Trypan blue exclusion assay as the most sensitive for quantifying cytotoxicity of PCB 77 in terms of IC50 values, while the results obtained by other methods pointed to a possible localized effect on the lysosomes/endosomes (Neutral red), compromised intracellular metabolic processes (MTT) and possible interferation with the rate of protein synthesis (Kenacid blue). The loss of cell viability, as a consequence of treatment with 10-100 μM PCB 77, fundamentally was due to induction of apoptosis with observed common series of specific morphological changes characteristic to apoptotic phenomenon. The level of alterations of normal cell cycle progression was low without significant changes at analyzed time intervals. CONCLUSION These results indicate toxic outcomes of PCB 77 at ovarian cellular level with regard to potential direct adverse effects to female reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teuta Murati
- a Laboratory for Toxicology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
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Maier D, Blaha L, Giesy JP, Henneberg A, Köhler HR, Kuch B, Osterauer R, Peschke K, Richter D, Scheurer M, Triebskorn R. Biological plausibility as a tool to associate analytical data for micropollutants and effect potentials in wastewater, surface water, and sediments with effects in fishes. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 72:127-144. [PMID: 25260601 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Discharge of substances like pesticides, pharmaceuticals, flame retardants, and chelating agents in surface waters has increased over the last decades due to the rising numbers of chemicals used by humans and because many WWTPs do not eliminate these substances entirely. The study, results of which are presented here, focused on associations of (1) concentrations of micropollutants in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, surface waters, sediments, and tissues of fishes; (2) results of laboratory biotests indicating potentials for effects in these samples and (3) effects either in feral chub (Leuciscus cephalus) from two German rivers (Schussen, Argen) or in brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed in bypass systems to streamwater of these rivers or in cages directly in the rivers. The Schussen and Argen Rivers flow into Lake Constance. The Schussen River is polluted by a great number of chemicals, while the Argen River is less influenced by micropollutants. Pesticides, chelating agents, flame retardants, pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were detected in effluents of a WWTP discharging to the Schussen as well as in surface water, and/or fishes from downstream of the WWTP. Results obtained by biotests conducted in the laboratory (genotoxicity, dioxin-like toxicity, and embryotoxicity) were linked to effects in feral fish collected in the vicinity of the WWTP or in fishes exposed in cages or at the bypass systems downstream of the WWTP. Dioxin-like effect potentials detected by reporter gene assays were associated with activation of CYP1A1 enzymes in fishes which are inducible by dioxin-like chemicals. Abundances of several PCBs in tissues of fishes from cages and bypass systems were not associated with these effects but other factors can influence EROD activity. Genotoxic potentials obtained by in vitro tests were associated with the presence of micronuclei in erythrocytes of chub from the river. Chemicals potentially responsible for effects on DNA were identified. Embryotoxic effects on zebrafish (Danio rerio), investigated in the laboratory, were associated with embryotoxic effects in trout exposed in streamwater bypass systems at the two rivers. In general, responses at all levels of organization were more pronounced in samples from the Schussen than in those from the Argen. These results are consistent with the magnitudes of chemical pollution in these two streams. Plausibility chains to establish causality between exposures and effects and to predict effects in biota in the river from studies in the laboratory are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Maier
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 20, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Ludek Blaha
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Biomedical Veterinary Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Biology & Chemistry and State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Anja Henneberg
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 20, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heinz-R Köhler
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 20, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bertram Kuch
- Estate Water Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Raphaela Osterauer
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 20, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Peschke
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 20, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Doreen Richter
- DVGW Water Technology Center, Karlsruher Straße 84, D-76139 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marco Scheurer
- DVGW Water Technology Center, Karlsruher Straße 84, D-76139 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rita Triebskorn
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Konrad-Adenauer-Straße 20, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany; Steinbeis Transfer-Center for Ecotoxicology and Ecophysiology, Blumenstraße 13, D-72108 Rottenburg, Germany
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Fenstad AA, Jenssen BM, Moe B, Hanssen SA, Bingham C, Herzke D, Bustnes JO, Krøkje A. DNA double-strand breaks in relation to persistent organic pollutants in a fasting seabird. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 106:68-75. [PMID: 24836880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipophilic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are released from fat reserves during fasting, causing increased blood concentrations. Thus, POPs represent a potential anthropogenic stressor during fasting periods. We analysed the blood of female common eiders (Somateria mollissima) by using agarose gel electrophoresis and image data analysis to quantify the DNA-fraction, of total DNA, that migrated into the gel (DNA-FTM) as a relative measure of DNA double strand-breaks (DSBs) during the fasting incubation period in the high arctic. In 2008 and in 2009 blood samples were obtained for analysis of 9 POPs and DNA-FTM at day 5 of the incubation period, and then in the same individuals at day 20. This unique study design gave us the opportunity to analyse the same individuals throughout two points in time, with low and high stress burdens. During the incubation period the body mass (BM) decreased by 21-24%, whereas the POP levels increased by 148-639%. The DNA-FTM increased by 61-67% (being proportional to the increase in DSBs). At day 5, but not day 20, DNA-FTM was positively correlated with most analysed POPs. The increase in DNA-FTM was positively correlated with the decrease in BM (g) during incubation. Thus, we suggest that fasting stress (BM loss) decreases DNA integrity and that stress caused by fasting on BM loss appeared to override the additional stress caused by concurrent increase in levels of the analysed POPs in the eiders. Blood levels of POPs in the eiders in Svalbard were relatively low, and additive and/or synergistic genotoxic effects of fasting stress and POP exposure may occur in populations with higher POP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette A Fenstad
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Bjørn M Jenssen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Børge Moe
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Framsenteret, 9296 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Sveinn A Hanssen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Framsenteret, 9296 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Chris Bingham
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Dorte Herzke
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Framsenteret, 9296 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Jan O Bustnes
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Framsenteret, 9296 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Ase Krøkje
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Benchalgo N, Gagné F, Fournier M. Immunotoxic effects of an industrial waste incineration site on groundwater in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:981-990. [PMID: 25079628 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(13)60539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The discharge of organic waste from the petrochemical industry into the Mercier lagoons caused major groundwater contamination. The objective of this study was to determine the immunotoxic potential of three groundwater wells at increasing distance from the incinerator dumping site (1.17, 2.74 and 5.40 km). Rainbow Trout were exposed to increasing concentrations of water from three groundwater wells for 14 days. Immunocompetence was characterized by phagocytosis, mitogen-stimulated proliferation of lymphocytes, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis. A significant increase in innate (phagocytosis) and specific immune response (B lymphocyte proliferation) was observed in trout exposed to water collected from the well at 2.74 km. However, phagocytosis activity was suppressed in groups at 1.17 and 5.40 km. The proportion of lymphocytes in S phase was significantly increased in groups at 2.74 and 5.40 km, while lymphocytes in G0/G1 phase were decreased in all three exposure groups. Additionally, dexamethasone (DEX)-induced apoptosis of lymphocytes was significantly reduced in the group at 2.74 km, which suggests decreased lymphocyte turnover. Furthermore, the ratio of DEX-induced apoptosis/apoptosis was lower in the groups at 2.74 and 5.40 km. In summary, our experiments have shown that exposure to the mixture of organic compounds present in Mercier groundwater modulates phagocytosis and cell proliferation, disrupts the cell cycle and reduces the ratio of DEX-induced apoptosis/apoptosis. It is concluded that groundwater collected in the vicinity of an incinerator containment field could impact immunocompetence in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadjet Benchalgo
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 des Prairies, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | - François Gagné
- Emerging Methods, Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment Canada, 105 Mc Gill St., Montréal, Quebec H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Michel Fournier
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 des Prairies, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
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Turja R, Höher N, Snoeijs P, Baršienė J, Butrimavičienė L, Kuznetsova T, Kholodkevich SV, Devier MH, Budzinski H, Lehtonen KK. A multibiomarker approach to the assessment of pollution impacts in two Baltic Sea coastal areas in Sweden using caged mussels (Mytilus trossulus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 473-474:398-409. [PMID: 24388819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Blue mussels (Mytilus trossulus) were transplanted in cages for three months in two Swedish coastal areas in the Bothnian Sea (northern Baltic Sea) to investigate the interactions between analysed environmental chemicals and biological responses. A wide array of biological parameters (biomarkers) including antioxidant and biotransformation activity, geno-, cyto- and neurotoxic effects, phagocytosis, bioenergetic status and heart rate were measured to detect the possible effects of contaminants. Integrated Biomarker Response index and Principal Component Analysis performed on the individual biological response data were able to discriminate between the two study areas as well as the contaminated sites from their respective local reference sites. The two contaminated sites outside the cities of Sundsvall (station S1) and Gävle (station G1) were characterised by different biomarker response patterns. Mussels at station S1 showed a low condition index, increased heart rate recovery time and phagocytosis activity coinciding with the highest tissue concentrations of some trace metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organotins. At station G1 the highest organochlorine pesticide concentration was recorded as well as elevations in glutathione S-transferase activity, thiamine content and low lysosomal membrane stability. Significant variability in the geno- and cytotoxic responses and bioenergetic status was also observed at the different caging stations. The results obtained suggest that different chemical mixtures present in the study areas cause variable biological response patterns in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Turja
- Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Research Centre, Hakuninmaantie 6, FI-00430 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - N Höher
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - P Snoeijs
- Stockholm University, Department of Systems Ecology, Frescati Backe, Svante Arrhenius V 21A, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Baršienė
- Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology, Akademijos str. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - L Butrimavičienė
- Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology, Akademijos str. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - T Kuznetsova
- Scientific Research Center for Ecological Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, 18, Korpusnaya Str., 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S V Kholodkevich
- Scientific Research Center for Ecological Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, 18, Korpusnaya Str., 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia; Department of Environmental Safety and Regional Sustainable Development of Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M-H Devier
- University Bordeaux 1, Oceanic and Continental Environments and Paleoenvironments (EPOC, UMR 5805 CNRS), Laboratory of Physico- and Toxico-Chemistry of the Environment (LPTC), 351 cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - H Budzinski
- University Bordeaux 1, Oceanic and Continental Environments and Paleoenvironments (EPOC, UMR 5805 CNRS), Laboratory of Physico- and Toxico-Chemistry of the Environment (LPTC), 351 cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - K K Lehtonen
- Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Research Centre, Hakuninmaantie 6, FI-00430 Helsinki, Finland
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Protective effect of Vaccinium myrtillus extract against UVA- and UVB-induced damage in a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 132:27-35. [PMID: 24577051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the field of skin protection have shown a considerable interest in the use of botanicals. Vaccinium myrtillus contains several polyphenols and anthocyanins with multiple pharmacological properties. The purpose of our study was to examine whether a water-soluble V. myrtillus extract (dry matter 12.4%; total polyphenols 339.3mg/100 g fw; total anthocyanins 297.4 mg/100 g fw) was able to reduce UVA- and UVB-induced damage using a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). HaCaT cells were pretreated for 1h with extract in a serum-free medium and then irradiated with UVA (8-40 J/cm(2)) and UVB (0.008-0.72 J/cm(2)) rays. All experiments were performed 24h after the end of irradiation, except for oxidative stress tests. The extract was able to reduce the UVB-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity (studied by comet and micronucleous assays) at lower doses. V. myrtillus extract reduced lipid peroxidation UVB-induced, but had no effect against the ROS UVB-produced. With UVA-induced damage V. myrtillus reduced genotoxicity as well as the unbalance of redox intracellular status. Moreover our extract reduced the UVA-induced apoptosis, but had no effect against the UVB one. V. myrtillus extract showed its free radical scavenging properties reducing oxidative stress and apoptotic markers, especially in UVA-irradiated cells.
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Sukumaran S, Grant A. Multigenerational demographic responses of sexual and asexual Artemia to chronic genotoxicity by a reference mutagen. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 144-145:66-74. [PMID: 24141038 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxins are capable of multigenerational impacts on natural populations via DNA damage and mutations. Sexual reproduction is assumed to reduce the long term consequences of genotoxicity for individual fitness and should therefore reduce population level effects. However, rather few empirical studies have quantified the magnitude of this effect. We tried to analyse the multigenerational demographic responses of sexual Artemia franciscana and asexual Artemia parthenogenetica due to chronic genotoxicity by a reference mutagen, ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). A prospective (elasticity analysis) and retrospective (differences and contributions) perturbation analysis was carried out to understand the interactions of life history traits with population growth rate λ by comparing elasticities, differences and contributions of vital rates to λ. None of the previous studies have compared the effects of chronic genotoxicity using prospective and retrospective perturbation analyses in a sexual and asexual species over generations. The behaviour of a population with lower growth rate in the presence of genotoxicants in the field was studied by simulating reduced fertilities in the LTRE design. The results of prospective and retrospective perturbation analyses of effects on λ showed that population growth rate was proportionally more sensitive to juvenile survival whereas the effect of EMS on juvenile fertility contributed more to the variations in population growth rate in both the species and this effect was due to the high growth rate of Artemia. Simulations of lower population growth rate in the model showed that adult fertility and survival are also of importance. Sexual reproduction substantially mitigated the long term consequences of genetic damage, although these would be greater if population growth rate were lower. So multigenerational population level consequences of genotoxicity were much greater in an asexual species. So asexual species, and those with a parthenogenetic phase in their life cycle, may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of environmental mutagens. Ecological risk assessments should include information from multigenerational studies, as responses to genotoxicity may vary depending on the life history strategies and reproductive modes of the species under consideration. Single generation studies may under or over-estimate risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Sukumaran
- University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
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Cimenci O, Vandevijvere S, Goscinny S, Van Den Bergh MA, Hanot V, Vinkx C, Bolle F, Van Loco J. Dietary exposure of the Belgian adult population to non-dioxin-like PCBs. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:670-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Baptista J, Pato P, Tavares S, Duarte AC, Pardal MA. PCB bioaccumulation in three mullet species--a comparison study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 94:147-152. [PMID: 23735896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are lipophilic contaminants that tend to accumulate in organisms. PCBs were detected in Chelon labrosus, Liza aurata and Liza ramada, along different age groups. L. ramada presented the highest concentration, and it increased with age, whereas C. labrosus and L. aurata concentration remained constant. L. ramada high concentration can be attributed to its ecological niche, since this species is able to accumulate PCBs along its different age groups even in low environmental contamination conditions. PCBs 101, 118, 138, 149, 153, 170 and 180 were the congeners that more contributed to these species contamination, being PCB 138 and 153 the congeners with higher concentration. Mullets are edible in many countries, being important in fisheries and aquaculture. L. ramada is the most common mullet for capture and human consumption. All species presented concentrations below the regulation limit establish by the European Union, and therefore safe for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Baptista
- CFE, Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Prosperini A, Juan-García A, Font G, Ruiz MJ. Reactive oxygen species involvement in apoptosis and mitochondrial damage in Caco-2 cells induced by enniatins A, A₁, B and B₁. Toxicol Lett 2013; 222:36-44. [PMID: 23867914 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxic effects, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) as well as the cell cycle disruption, the induction of apoptosis and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) as a function of increasing time have been determined in human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells after exposure to enniatins (ENs) A, A₁, B and B₁. IC₅₀ values obtained by the MTT and Neutral Red assay, after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure ranged from 0.5±0.1 to >15 μM. A significant increase (p≤0.05) in ROS generation and LPO production, as determined by the fluorescent probe H2-DCFDA and TBARS method respectively, was observed for all mycotoxins tested at 3.0 μM concentration. The highest increase in ROS generation (2.6 fold higher than control) and LPO production (111%, as compared to control) was observed with EN A. Cell cycle was significantly arrested at G2/M phase after 24 h of exposure to EN A, A₁, B₁, whereas after 72 h of exposure an arrest in S phase was observed almost for all mycotoxins tested. Moreover, after 24 and 48 h of exposure, ENs increased the early apoptotic cells, whereas after 72h of exposure necrosis was observed. In addition the loss of ΔΨm was produced on Caco-2 cells after ENs exposure. ENs A, A₁, B and B₁ cytotoxicity involved early ROS generation that induced LPO oxidative damage, apoptosis and necrosis via the mitochondrial pathway. ENs A, A₁ and B₁ induced DNA damage. However the same effects cannot be proposed for EN B. Further studies on the toxicological effects induced by ENs A, A₁, B and B₁ are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prosperini
- Laboratori de Toxicologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Av. Vincent Andres Estelles, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Beauvericin-induced cytotoxicity via ROS production and mitochondrial damage in Caco-2 cells. Toxicol Lett 2013; 222:204-11. [PMID: 23850777 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of beauvericin (BEA) on human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells was studied as a function of time. Moreover, the oxidative damage and cell death endpoints were monitored after 24, 48 and 72 h. After BEA exposure, the IC₅₀ values ranged from 1.9 ± 0.7 to 20.6 ± 6.9 μM. A decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH; 31%) levels, as well as an increase in oxidized glutathione (GSSG, 20%) was observed. In the presence of BEA, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was highly increased at an early stage with the highest production of 2.0-fold higher than the control that was observed at 120 min. BEA induced cell death by mitochondria-dependent apoptotic process with loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm; 9% compared to the control), increase in LPO level (from 120% to 207% compared to the control) and reduced G0/G1 phase, with an arrest in G2/M, in a dose and time-dependent manner. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and ΔΨm determined, were in a dose- time-dependent manner. Moreover, DNA damage was observed after 12.0 μM concentration. This study demonstrated that oxidative stress is one of the mechanism involved in BEA toxicity, moreover apoptosis induction and loss of ΔΨm contribute to its cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells.
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Ludewig G, Robertson LW. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as initiating agents in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2013; 334:46-55. [PMID: 23211541 PMCID: PMC3648605 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PCBs are carcinogens, but for many decades it was assumed that PCBs may not possess initiating activity. Initiation is a process that involves changes in the DNA sequence, often, but not exclusively produced through DNA adduction by a reactive compound or reactive oxygen species (ROS). DNA adducts can be detected by (32)P-postlabeling, a method that Dr. Ramesh Gupta co-developed and refined. Today these types of assays together with other mechanistic studies provide convincing evidence that specific PCB congeners can be biotransformed to genotoxic and therefore potentially initiating metabolites. This review will provide an overview of our current knowledge of PCBs' genotoxic potential and mechanism of action, emphasizing the contributions of Dr. Ramesh Gupta during his tenures at the Universities of Kentucky and Louisville.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Ludewig
- The University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus, IREH, Iowa City, IA 52242-5000, United States.
| | - Larry W Robertson
- The University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus, IREH, Iowa City, IA 52242-5000, United States
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Šrut M, Štambuk A, Klobučar GI. What is Comet assay not telling us: AFLP reveals wider aspects of genotoxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1226-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Sukumaran S, Grant A. Differential responses of sexual and asexual Artemia to genotoxicity by a reference mutagen: Is the comet assay a reliable predictor of population level responses? ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 91:110-116. [PMID: 23414719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The impact of chronic genotoxicity to natural populations is always questioned due to their reproductive surplus. We used a comet assay to quantify primary DNA damage after exposure to a reference mutagen ethyl methane sulfonate in two species of crustacean with different reproductive strategies (sexual Artemia franciscana and asexual Artemia parthenogenetica). We then assessed whether this predicted individual performance and population growth rate over three generations. Artemia were exposed to different chronic concentrations (0.78mM, 1.01mM, 1.24mM and 1.48mM) of ethyl methane sulfonate from instar 1 onwards for 3 h, 24 h, 7 days, 14 days and 21 days and percentage tail DNA values were used for comparisons between species. The percentage tail DNA values showed consistently elevated values up to 7 days and showed a reduction from 14 days onwards in A. franciscana. Whilst in A. parthenogenetica such a reduction was evident on 21 days assessment. The values of percentage tail DNA after 21 days were compared with population level fitness parameters, growth, survival, fecundity and population growth rate to know whether primary DNA damage as measured by comet assay is a reliable biomarker. Substantial increase in tail DNA values was associated with substantial reductions in all the fitness parameters in the parental generation of A. franciscana and parental, F1 and F2 generations of A. parthenogenetica. So comet results were more predictive in asexual species over generations. These results pointed to the importance of predicting biomarker responses from multigenerational consequences considering life history traits and reproductive strategies in ecological risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Sukumaran
- University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
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Baršienė J, Rybakovas A, Lang T, Andreikėnaitė L, Michailovas A. Environmental genotoxicity and cytotoxicity levels in fish from the North Sea offshore region and Atlantic coastal waters. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 68:106-116. [PMID: 23313042 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the framework of the ICON project, environmental genotoxicity and cytotoxicity levels were assessed in blood erythrocytes of dab (Limanda limanda) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) collected at 25 stations in the North Sea and near the coast of Iceland in August-October 2008. Micronuclei, nuclear buds and bi-nucleated cells with nucleoplasmic bridges were assessed as environmental genotoxicity biomarkers, and the frequency of fragmented-apoptotic and bi-nucleated erythrocytes were assessed as environmental cytotoxicity biomarkers. The lowest frequencies of genotoxic and cytotoxic abnormalities were detected in fish from the Icelandic study stations. The highest frequencies of abnormalities were recorded in dab from the Dogger Bank and the German Bight, in haddock from the Egersund Bank and from an area off the Firth of Forth (North Sea). In fish from the Icelandic reference area, frequencies of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity responses were significantly lower than in fish from most areas of the North Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Baršienė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
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