1
|
Maia C, Ayhan N, Cristóvão JM, Pereira A, Charrel R. Human seroprevalence of Toscana virus and Sicilian phlebovirus in the southwest of Portugal. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 41:137-141. [PMID: 34389911 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-021-04332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Toscana virus (TOSV) is emergent in the Mediterranean region and responsible for outbreaks of encephalitis or meningoencephalitis. Sicilian phlebovirus (SFSV) cause epidemics of febrile illness during the summer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of antibodies against TOSV and SFSV in humans in the southwest of Portugal. Neutralizing antibodies to TOSV and SFSV were respectively detected in 5.3% and 4.3% out of 400 human sera tested highlighting the need to increase public health awareness regarding phleboviruses and to include them in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with fever of short duration and neurological manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Maia
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHMT), Instituto de Higiene E Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Nazli Ayhan
- Unité Des Virus Emergents UVE, Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - José Manuel Cristóvão
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHMT), Instituto de Higiene E Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André Pereira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHMT), Instituto de Higiene E Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Remi Charrel
- Unité Des Virus Emergents UVE, Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dvorak V, Kasap OE, Ivovic V, Mikov O, Stefanovska J, Martinkovic F, Omeragic J, Pajovic I, Baymak D, Oguz G, Hlavackova K, Gresova M, Gunay F, Vaselek S, Ayhan N, Lestinova T, Cvetkovikj A, Soldo DK, Katerinova I, Tchakarova S, Yılmaz A, Karaoglu B, Iranzo JR, Kadriaj P, Velo E, Ozbel Y, Petric D, Volf P, Alten B. Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in eight Balkan countries: historical review and region-wide entomological survey. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:573. [PMID: 33176888 PMCID: PMC7661266 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04448-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are medically important vectors of human and veterinary disease-causing agents. Among these, the genus Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), and phleboviruses are of utmost importance. Despite such significance, updated information about sand fly fauna is missing for Balkan countries where both sand flies and autochtonous leishmaniases are historically present and recently re-emerging. Therefore, a review of historical data on sand fly species composition and distribution in the region was followed by a large-scale entomological survey in eight Balkan countries to provide a recent update on local sand fly fauna. METHODS The literature search involved the period 1910-2019. The entomological survey was conducted at 1189 sampling stations in eight countries (Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and Slovenia), covering 49 settlements and 358 sampling sites between June and October in the years 2014 and 2016, accumulating 130 sampling days. We performed a total of 1189 trapping nights at these stations using two types of traps (light and CO2 attraction traps) in each location. Sampling was performed with a minimal duration of 6 (Montenegro) and a maximal of 47 days (Serbia) between 0-1000 m.a.s.l. Collected sand flies were morphologically identified. RESULTS In total, 8490 sand fly specimens were collected. Morphological identification showed presence of 14 species belonging to genera Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia. Historical data were critically reviewed and updated with our recent findings. Six species were identified in Bosnia and Herzegovina (2 new records), 5 in Montenegro (2 new records), 5 in Croatia (2 new records), 9 in Bulgaria (5 new records), 11 in North Macedonia (1 new record), 10 in Serbia (no new records), 9 in Kosovo (3 new records) and 4 in Slovenia (no new records). CONCLUSIONS This study presents results of the first integrated sand fly fauna survey of such scale for the Balkan region, providing first data on sand fly populations for four countries in the study area and presenting new species records for six countries and updated species lists for all surveyed countries. Our findings demonstrate presence of proven and suspected vectors of several Leishmania species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vit Dvorak
- Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ozge Erisoz Kasap
- Department of Biology, Ecology Section, Faculty of Science, VERG Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vladimir Ivovic
- Science and Research Centre, University of Primorska, Koper-Capodistra, Slovenia
| | - Ognyan Mikov
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jovana Stefanovska
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Franjo Martinkovic
- Department for Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases with Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmin Omeragic
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases of Animals, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Igor Pajovic
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Devrim Baymak
- National Institute of Public Health, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Gizem Oguz
- Department of Biology, Ecology Section, Faculty of Science, VERG Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kristyna Hlavackova
- Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Gresova
- Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filiz Gunay
- Department of Biology, Ecology Section, Faculty of Science, VERG Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Slavica Vaselek
- Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory for Medical and Veterinary Entomology, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nazli Ayhan
- Unite des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ IRD 190, INSERM 1207 IHU Mediterranee Infection), 13005 Marseille, France
- EA7310, Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse-Inserm, 20250 Corte, France
| | - Tereza Lestinova
- Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleksandar Cvetkovikj
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Darinka Klaric Soldo
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases of Animals, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ivelina Katerinova
- National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Simona Tchakarova
- National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ayda Yılmaz
- Department of Biology, Ecology Section, Faculty of Science, VERG Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Begum Karaoglu
- Department of Biology, Ecology Section, Faculty of Science, VERG Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jose Risueno Iranzo
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Perparim Kadriaj
- Department of Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases Department, Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania
| | - Enkelejda Velo
- Department of Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases Department, Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania
| | - Yusuf Ozbel
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Dusan Petric
- Laboratory for Medical and Veterinary Entomology, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Petr Volf
- Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bulent Alten
- Department of Biology, Ecology Section, Faculty of Science, VERG Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Badakhshan M, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Moin-Vaziri V, Charrel R, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Rezaei F, Akhavan AA, Rassi Y, Oshaghi MA. Spatial Distribution of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) as Phlebovirus Vectors in Different Areas of Iran. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 55:846-854. [PMID: 29554299 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sand fly fever is caused by Naples (SFNV) and Sicilian viruses (SFSV) and the closely related Toscana virus of the Phlebovirus genus in the family Bunyaviridae, and transmitted by Phlebotomine sand flies. Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli, 1786 is known as the main vector of the disease. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of Phlebotomine sand flies as vector of sand fly fever viruses, and the effects of some environmental variables on their potential dispersion to new areas in some provinces of Iran. Sand flies were collected during their active season in the region using CDC light traps. Ecological parameters were recorded for each collection site. Arc GIS 10.3 software was used for data analysis and mapping the distribution of sand flies. Sampling in the study areas was carried out in six different climatic zones. Seventeen sand fly species were collected including eight species of genus Phlebotomus and nine species of genus Sergentomyia. The Medium Semi-Arid climatic zone had the highest species diversity. Fourteen species of sand flies were collected at altitude between 2 and 325 m, and seven species were collected between 326 and 1380 m above sea level. There was significant correlation between sand fly density and all tested environmental variables. Phlebotominae sand flies have wide distribution in Iran and have a major public health concern in the country. P. papatasi and Sergentomyia sintoni Pringle, 1933 prefers hot summers and rainfall. This poses a threat of transmission of sand fly fever caused by SFSV and SFNV across the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Badakhshan
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Moin-Vaziri
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Remi Charrel
- UMR 'Emergence des Pathologies Virales' (EPV: Aix-Marseille Univ. - IRD 190 - INSERM 1207 - EHESP), Marseille, France
| | - Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Rezaei
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ahmad Akhavan
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yavar Rassi
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Oshaghi
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Koch LK, Kochmann J, Klimpel S, Cunze S. Modeling the climatic suitability of leishmaniasis vector species in Europe. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13325. [PMID: 29042642 PMCID: PMC5645347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change will affect the geographical distribution of many species in the future. Phlebotomine sandflies are vector species for leishmaniasis, a tropical neglected disease. We applied an ensemble forecasting niche modeling approach to project future changes in climatic suitability for ten vector competent sandfly species in Europe. Whereas the main area of sandfly distribution currently lies in the Mediterranean region, models generally projected a northwards expansion of areas with suitable climatic conditions for most species (P. alexandri, P. neglectus, P. papatasi, P. perfiliewi, P. tobbi) in the future. The range of distribution for only two species (P. ariasi, P. mascittii) was projected to decline in the future. According to our results, a higher number of vector competent species in Central Europe can generally be expected, assuming no limitations to dispersal. We recommend monitoring for the establishment of vector species, especially in areas with projected climatic suitability for multiple vector species, as a precautious strategy. An increased number of vector species, or a higher abundance of a single species, might result in a higher transmission risk of leishmaniasis, provided that the pathogens follow the projected range shifts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Koch
- Goethe-University, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt/Main, D-60438, Germany.
- Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt/Main, D-60325, Germany.
| | - Judith Kochmann
- Goethe-University, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt/Main, D-60438, Germany
- Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt/Main, D-60325, Germany
| | - Sven Klimpel
- Goethe-University, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt/Main, D-60438, Germany
- Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt/Main, D-60325, Germany
| | - Sarah Cunze
- Goethe-University, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt/Main, D-60438, Germany
- Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt/Main, D-60325, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Phlebotomine sand fly-borne pathogens in the Mediterranean Basin: Human leishmaniasis and phlebovirus infections. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005660. [PMID: 28796786 PMCID: PMC5552025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens transmitted to humans by phlebotomine sand flies are neglected, as they cause infectious diseases that are not on the priority list of national and international public health systems. However, the infections caused by protozoa of the Leishmania genus and viruses belonging to the Phlebovirus genus (family Phenuiviridae)—the most significant group of viruses transmitted by sand flies—have a relevant role for human pathology. These infections are emerging in the Mediterranean region and will likely spread in forthcoming decades, posing a complex threat to human health. Four species and 2 hybrid strains of Leishmania are pathogenic for humans in the Mediterranean Basin, with an estimated annual incidence of 239,500–393,600 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis and 1,200–2,000 cases of visceral leishmaniasis. Among the phleboviruses, Toscana virus can cause neuroinvasive infections, while other phleboviruses are responsible for a typical “3-day fever”; the actual incidence of Phlebovirus infections in the Mediterranean area is unknown, although at least 250 million people are exposed. Here, we reviewed the current literature on epidemiology of sand fly–borne infections in the Mediterranean Basin, with a focus on humans. Our analysis indicates the need for increased public health activities directed to determine the disease burden of these infections as well as to improve their surveillance. Among the emerging challenges concerning sand fly–borne pathogens, the relationships between sand fly–borne protozoa and viruses should be considered in future studies, including epidemiological links between Leishmania and phleboviruses as well as the conditional capacity for these pathogens to be involved in interactions that may evolve towards increased virulence.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ayhan N, Charrel RN. Of phlebotomines (sandflies) and viruses: a comprehensive perspective on a complex situation. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 22:117-124. [PMID: 28805633 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Old World sandfly-borne phleboviruses are classified into three serological complexes: Sandfly fever Sicilian, Sandfly fever Naples and Salehabad. Human pathogens (febrile illness ['sandfly fever'], neuroinvasive infections) belong to the two first complexes. The increasing number of newly discovered sandfly-borne phleboviruses raises concerns about their medical and veterinary importance. They occupy a wide geographic area from Mediterranean basin to North Africa and the Middle East to the central Asia. At least nine species of sandflies can transmit these viruses. Recent results suggest that sandfly vectors are not as specific for viruses as initially believed. Recent seroprevalence studies demonstrate that humans and domestic animals are heavily exposed. Specific molecular diagnostic methods must be developed and implemented in clinical microbiology laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Ayhan
- UMR "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" (EPV: Aix-Marseille Univ - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - EHESP - IHU Mediterranee Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Remi N Charrel
- UMR "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" (EPV: Aix-Marseille Univ - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - EHESP - IHU Mediterranee Infection), Marseille, France; Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Papa A. Emerging arboviral human diseases in Southern Europe. J Med Virol 2017; 89:1315-1322. [PMID: 28252204 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Southern Europe is characterized by unique landscape and climate which attract tourists, but also arthropod vectors, some of them carrying pathogens. Among several arboviral diseases that emerged in the region during the last decade, West Nile fever accounted for high number of human cases and fatalities, while Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever expanded its geographic distribution, and is considered as a real threat for Europe. Viruses evolve rapidly and acquire mutations making themselves stronger and naive populations more vulnerable. In an effort to tackle efficiently the emerging arboviral diseases, preparedness and strategic surveillance are needed for the early detection of the pathogen and containment and mitigation of probable outbreaks. In this review, the main human arboviral diseases that emerged in Southern Europe are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Papa
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ergunay K, Ayhan N, Charrel RN. Novel and emergent sandfly-borne phleboviruses in Asia Minor: a systematic review. Rev Med Virol 2017; 27:e1898. [PMID: 27531681 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sandfly-transmitted phleboviruses are globally spread agents causing febrile diseases and central nervous system infections. The activity of pathogenic phleboviruses, as well as several novel strains, has been reported from Turkey, a transboundary country connecting Asia, Europe, and Africa with suitable habitats for sandflies. This study overviews all published data on phleboviruses from Turkey and evaluates the impact from the virological, epidemiological, and public health perspectives. A systematic review of Web-based global and local resources was performed. Comparison and phylogenetic analyses of particular phlebovirus sequences were also undertaken. Through the evaluation of 1693 international and regional entries, 31 manuscripts providing data on case reports or outbreaks, serological surveillance, animal infections and exposure, virus characterization, vector surveillance, and/or diagnostics were accessed. Detailed information on 5 novel phleboviruses completely or partially characterized during 2008-2015 as well as on clinical and epidemiological features of major phleboviruses established as human pathogens such as Toscana virus and sandfly fever Sicilian virus has been compiled. The ongoing activity of these agents, as indicated by consistently reported symptomatic cases and confirmed exposure in vertebrates including humans, was noted. The circulation in the Anatolian peninsula of phleboviruses with surprising diversity as well as distinct virus species is documented. Specific phlebovirus strains constitute a public health threat for local populations and travelers and must be considered in the diagnostic workup of clinically compatible cases. Human health impact and epidemiological aspects of certain viruses require further investigation via intensive surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nazli Ayhan
- UMR_D 190 "Emergence des Pathologies Virales,", IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Remi N Charrel
- UMR_D 190 "Emergence des Pathologies Virales,", IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shiraly R, Khosravi A, Farahangiz S. Seroprevalence of sandfly fever virus infection in military personnel on the western border of Iran. J Infect Public Health 2017; 10:59-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
10
|
Alwassouf S, Christodoulou V, Bichaud L, Ntais P, Mazeris A, Antoniou M, Charrel RN. Seroprevalence of Sandfly-Borne Phleboviruses Belonging to Three Serocomplexes (Sandfly fever Naples, Sandfly fever Sicilian and Salehabad) in Dogs from Greece and Cyprus Using Neutralization Test. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005063. [PMID: 27783676 PMCID: PMC5081206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phleboviruses transmitted by sandflies are endemic in the Mediterranean area. The last decade has witnessed the description of an accumulating number of novel viruses. Although, the risk of exposure of vertebrates is globally assessed, detailed geographic knowledge is poor even in Greece and Cyprus where sandfly fever has been recognized for a long time and repeatedly. A total of 1,250 dogs from mainland Greece and Greek archipelago on one hand and 422 dogs from Cyprus on the other hand have been sampled and tested for neutralising antibodies against Toscana virus (TOSV), Sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV), Arbia virus, and Adana virus i.e. four viruses belonging to the 3 sandfly-borne serocomplexes known to circulate actively in the Mediterranean area. Our results showed that (i) SFSV is highly prevalent with 71.9% (50.7-84.9% depending on the region) in Greece and 60.2% (40.0-72.6%) in Cyprus; (ii) TOSV ranked second with 4.4% (0-15.4%) in Greece and 8.4% (0-11.4%) in Cyprus; (iii) Salehabad viruses (Arbia and Adana) displayed also substantial prevalence rates in both countries with values ranging from 0-22.6% depending on the region and on the virus strain used in the test. These results demonstrate that circulation of viruses transmitted by sand flies can be estimated qualitatively using dog sera. As reported in other regions of the Mediterranean, these results indicate that it is time to shift these viruses from the "neglected" status to the "priority" status in order to stimulate studies aiming at defining and quantifying their medical and veterinary importance and possible public health impact. Specifically, viruses belonging to the Sandfly fever Sicilian complex should be given careful consideration. This calls for implementation of direct and indirect diagnosis in National reference centers and in hospital microbiology laboratories and systematic testing of unelucidated febrile illness and central and peripheral nervous system febrile manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sulaf Alwassouf
- UMR “Emergence des Pathologies Virales” (EPV: Aix-Marseille Univ - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - EHESP), Marseille, France
- Institut hospitalo-universitaire Méditerranée infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Laurence Bichaud
- UMR “Emergence des Pathologies Virales” (EPV: Aix-Marseille Univ - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - EHESP), Marseille, France
- Institut hospitalo-universitaire Méditerranée infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Pantelis Ntais
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes. Heraklion. Crete, Greece
| | | | - Maria Antoniou
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes. Heraklion. Crete, Greece
| | - Remi N. Charrel
- UMR “Emergence des Pathologies Virales” (EPV: Aix-Marseille Univ - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - EHESP), Marseille, France
- Institut hospitalo-universitaire Méditerranée infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alwassouf S, Maia C, Ayhan N, Coimbra M, Cristovao JM, Richet H, Bichaud L, Campino L, Charrel RN. Neutralization-based seroprevalence of Toscana virus and sandfly fever Sicilian virus in dogs and cats from Portugal. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:2816-2823. [PMID: 27589865 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sandfly-borne phleboviruses are endemic in the Mediterranean basin. However, levels of exposure of human and animal populations are inadequately researched. Toscana virus (TOSV) is present in Portugal where it causes human infection and disease; in contrast there are few data for sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV) which has neither been isolated nor detected by molecular tests and for which there are only limited serological data. The sera collected from 1160 dogs and 189 cats in southern Portugal were tested for the presence of neutralizing antibodies against TOSV and SFSV, two viruses recognized as distinct serocomplexes in the Mediterranean region. Our data showed (i) seropositivity to TOSV and SFSV in dogs at a rate of 6.8 and 50.8 %, respectively, and (ii) that 3.7 % of cats were seropositive for TOSV. TOSV findings are in line with previous results obtained with less stringent serological assays. Our results for SFSV in dogs clearly indicate that the virus is circulating widely and that humans may be exposed to infection via the dogs. Although the presence of SFSV was suggested by haemagglutination inhibition in 4/1690 human sera in 1974, this is the first time, as far as we know, that SFSV has been shown to circulate so widely in dogs in Portugal. Future studies should be directed at isolating strains of SFSV in Portugal from dogs, humans and sandflies collected in high prevalence regions. As dogs appear to be good sentinels for SFSV, their role as a possible reservoir in the natural cycle should also be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sulaf Alwassouf
- UMR 'Emergence des Pathologies Virales' (EPV: Aix-Marseille University-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-EHESP), Marseille, France.,Fondation IHU Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Carla Maia
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHMT, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nazli Ayhan
- UMR 'Emergence des Pathologies Virales' (EPV: Aix-Marseille University-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-EHESP), Marseille, France.,Fondation IHU Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jose Manuel Cristovao
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHMT, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Herve Richet
- UMR 'Emergence des Pathologies Virales' (EPV: Aix-Marseille University-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-EHESP), Marseille, France.,Fondation IHU Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Bichaud
- UMR 'Emergence des Pathologies Virales' (EPV: Aix-Marseille University-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-EHESP), Marseille, France.,Fondation IHU Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, Marseille, France.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Lenea Campino
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHMT, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Remi N Charrel
- UMR 'Emergence des Pathologies Virales' (EPV: Aix-Marseille University-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-EHESP), Marseille, France.,Fondation IHU Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Özkale Y, Özkale M, Kiper P, Çetinkaya B, Erol İ. Sadfly fever: two case reports. TURK PEDIATRI ARSIVI 2016; 51:110-113. [PMID: 27489469 PMCID: PMC4959739 DOI: 10.5152/turkpediatriars.2015.1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sandfly fever, also known as 'three-day fever' or 'pappataci fever' or 'Phlebotomus fever' is a viral infection that causes self-limited influenza-like symptoms and characterized by a rapid onset. The disease occurs commonly in endemic areas in summer months and especially in August during which sandflies are active. In this article, two siblings who presented with high fever, redness in the eyes, headache, weakness, malaise and inability to walk, who were found to have increased liver function tests and creatine kinase levels and who were diagnosed with sadfly fever with positive sadfly IgM and IgG antibodies are reported because of the rarity of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Özkale
- Department of Pediatrics, Başkent University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Murat Özkale
- Department of Pediatrics, Başkent University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Pinar Kiper
- Department of Pediatrics, Başkent University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Bilin Çetinkaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Başkent University School of Medicine, Neonatology Unit, Adana, Turkey
| | - İlknur Erol
- Department of Pediatrics, Başkent University School of Medicine, Pediatric Neurology Unit, Adana, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Newman ENC, Johnstone P, Bridge H, Wright D, Jameson L, Bosworth A, Hatch R, Hayward-Karlsson J, Osborne J, Bailey MS, Green A, Ross D, Brooks T, Hewson R. Seroconversion for infectious pathogens among UK military personnel deployed to Afghanistan, 2008-2011. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 20:2015-22. [PMID: 25418685 PMCID: PMC4257834 DOI: 10.3201/eid2012.131830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Military personnel are at high risk of contracting vector-borne and zoonotic infections, particularly during overseas deployments, when they may be exposed to endemic or emerging infections not prevalent in their native countries. We conducted seroprevalence testing of 467 UK military personnel deployed to Helmand Province, Afghanistan, during 2008-2011 and found that up to 3.1% showed seroconversion for infection with Rickettsia spp., Coxiella burnetii, sandfly fever virus, or hantavirus; none showed seroconversion for infection with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. Most seroconversions occurred in personnel who did not report illness, except for those with hantavirus (70% symptomatic). These results indicate that many exposures to infectious pathogens, and potentially infections resulting from those exposures, may go unreported. Our findings reinforce the need for continued surveillance of military personnel and for education of health care providers to help recognize and prevent illnesses and transmission of pathogens during and after overseas deployments.
Collapse
|
14
|
Alkan C, Erisoz Kasap O, Alten B, de Lamballerie X, Charrel RN. Sandfly-Borne Phlebovirus Isolations from Turkey: New Insight into the Sandfly fever Sicilian and Sandfly fever Naples Species. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004519. [PMID: 27007326 PMCID: PMC4805245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Southern Anatolia in Turkey at the border with Syria, where many refugee camps are settled, is endemic for sandfly-borne leishmaniasis. Sandfly-borne phleboviruses are also known to circulate in this region, although their relevance in terms of medical implications is virtually unknown. Therefore, the specific objectives of our study were firstly to identify isolate and characterise potentially pathogenic phleboviruses in sandflies; secondly to determine the complete genomic sequence of any viruses that we were able to isolate; and thirdly, to further our understanding of the potential medical importance and epidemiological significance of these viruses. To achieve these objectives, we organised field campaigns in 2012 and 2013. Two new phleboviruses (Toros and Zerdali viruses) were isolated and characterized by complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Toros virus was genetically most closely related to Corfou virus within the Sandfly fever Sicilian group. Zerdali virus was most closely related to Tehran virus within the Sandfly fever Naples species. Although these new viruses belong to genetic groups that include several human pathogens, it is not yet clear if Toros and Zerdali viruses can infect humans and cause disease such as sandfly fever. Consequently, the availability of these genetically characterized infectious viruses will enable seroprevalence studies to establish their medical importance in this region and to assist the health agencies to develop appropriate and effective disease control strategies. We provide evidence that sandfly-borne phleboviruses belonging to 3 distinct genetic and phylogenetic groups (Sandfly fever Naples virus [SFNV], Sandfly fever Sicilian virus [SFSV], and Salehabad virus [SALV]) co-circulate in Adana city, in Mediterranean Turkey. While Adana virus was recently described as a new member of the SALV species, Zerdali and Toros viruses are described here as new phleboviruses genetically closely related to SFNV and SFSV, respectively. In this study, isolated and characterised these two new viruses by determining their complete genome sequence and by phylogenetic analysis. This study demonstrates that 3 distinct viruses can co-circulate in the same geographic area and based on their phylogenetic relationships and association with sandflies are likely to be transmitted by these arthropod vectors. Our molecular and phylogenetic data are important for establishing group-specific molecular detection assays in order to further understand of the possible impact of these viruses in animal and human health in this region of Turkey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Alkan
- UMR "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" (EPV: Aix-Marseille University—IRD 190—Inserm 1207—EHESP), Marseille, France
- Fondation IHU Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille 13385, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (CA); (RNC)
| | - Ozge Erisoz Kasap
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ecology Section, ESR Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bulent Alten
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ecology Section, ESR Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- UMR "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" (EPV: Aix-Marseille University—IRD 190—Inserm 1207—EHESP), Marseille, France
- Fondation IHU Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Rémi N. Charrel
- UMR "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" (EPV: Aix-Marseille University—IRD 190—Inserm 1207—EHESP), Marseille, France
- Fondation IHU Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille 13385, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (CA); (RNC)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alten B, Ozbel Y, Ergunay K, Kasap OE, Cull B, Antoniou M, Velo E, Prudhomme J, Molina R, Bañuls AL, Schaffner F, Hendrickx G, Van Bortel W, Medlock JM. Sampling strategies for phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Europe. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2015; 105:664-678. [PMID: 26271257 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485315000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of phlebotomine sand flies is widely reported to be changing in Europe. This can be attributed to either the discovery of sand flies in areas where they were previously overlooked (generally following an outbreak of leishmaniasis or other sand fly-related disease) or to true expansion of their range as a result of climatic or environmental changes. Routine surveillance for phlebotomines in Europe is localized, and often one of the challenges for entomologists working in non-leishmaniasis endemic countries is the lack of knowledge on how to conduct, plan and execute sampling for phlebotomines, or how to adapt on-going sampling strategies for other haematophagous diptera. This review brings together published and unpublished expert knowledge on sampling strategies for European phlebotomines of public health concern in order to provide practical advice on: how to conduct surveys; the collection and interpretation of field data; suitable techniques for the preservation of specimens obtained by different sampling methods; molecular techniques used for species identification; and the pathogens associated with sand flies and their detection methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Alten
- Hacettepe University (HUESRL),Ankara,Turkey
| | - Y Ozbel
- Ege University (EGE),Izmir,Turkey
| | - K Ergunay
- Hacettepe University,Medical Faculty (HU-MED),Ankara,Turkey
| | - O E Kasap
- Hacettepe University (HUESRL),Ankara,Turkey
| | - B Cull
- Medical Entomology group, Emergency Response Department,Public Health England,Salisbury,UK
| | - M Antoniou
- University of Crete (UoC),Heraklion,Greece
| | - E Velo
- Institute of Public Health (IPH),Tirana,Albania
| | - J Prudhomme
- UMR MIVEGEC (IRD 224 - CNRS 5290 - Universités Montpellier 1 et 2), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD),Montpellier,France
| | - R Molina
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII),Madrid,Spain
| | - A-L Bañuls
- UMR MIVEGEC (IRD 224 - CNRS 5290 - Universités Montpellier 1 et 2), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD),Montpellier,France
| | | | | | | | - J M Medlock
- Medical Entomology group, Emergency Response Department,Public Health England,Salisbury,UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Papa A, Kontana A, Tsergouli K. Phlebovirus infections in Greece. J Med Virol 2015; 87:1072-6. [PMID: 25733059 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sandfly fever viruses are endemic in the Mediterranean region causing to humans asymptomatic or mild infections to severe neurological syndromes. In order to investigate the epidemiology of phlebovirus infections in Greece, samples from 499 patients with acute febrile illness (50.2% accompanied by neurological symptoms) were tested during 2010-2014 by serological and molecular methods. Phlebovirus infection was detected in 40 (8%) patients, 25 of them presenting acute neurological infection. Most cases were observed in the summer, with a peak in August. Increased number of cases was observed in 2013, and three of them were observed in Athens. Toscana virus lineage C RNA was detected in one encephalitis case, while the serological results showed that most cases were caused by phleboviruses belonging to the sandfly fever Naples virus serocomplex. This study provided the first insight into the epidemiology of phleboviral disease in Greece.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Papa
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Alkan C, Bichaud L, de Lamballerie X, Alten B, Gould EA, Charrel RN. Sandfly-borne phleboviruses of Eurasia and Africa: Epidemiology, genetic diversity, geographic range, control measures. Antiviral Res 2013; 100:54-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
18
|
Peyrefitte CN, Grandadam M, Bessaud M, Andry PE, Fouque F, Caro V, Diancourt L, Schuffenecker I, Pagès F, Tolou H, Zeller H, Depaquit J. Diversity of Phlebotomus perniciosus in Provence, Southeastern France: Detection of Two Putative New Phlebovirus Sequences. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2013; 13:630-6. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2012.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Grandadam
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées antenne de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Maël Bessaud
- UMR190 “Emergence des Pathologies Virales," Aix-Marseille University–IRD French Institute of Research for Development–EHESP French School of Public Health, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Andry
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, EA4688 “Transmission vectorielle et épidémiosurveillance de maladies parasitaires (VECPAR),” Reims, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Frédéric Pagès
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées antenne de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Hugues Tolou
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | | | - Jérôme Depaquit
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, EA4688 “Transmission vectorielle et épidémiosurveillance de maladies parasitaires (VECPAR),” Reims, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Maroli M, Feliciangeli MD, Bichaud L, Charrel RN, Gradoni L. Phlebotomine sandflies and the spreading of leishmaniases and other diseases of public health concern. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2013; 27:123-47. [PMID: 22924419 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2012.01034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Phlebotomine sandflies transmit pathogens that affect humans and animals worldwide. We review the roles of phlebotomines in the spreading of leishmaniases, sandfly fever, summer meningitis, vesicular stomatitis, Chandipura virus encephalitis and Carrión's disease. Among over 800 species of sandfly recorded, 98 are proven or suspected vectors of human leishmaniases; these include 42 Phlebotomus species in the Old World and 56 Lutzomyia species in the New World (all: Diptera: Psychodidae). Based on incrimination criteria, we provide an updated list of proven or suspected vector species by endemic country where data are available. Increases in sandfly diffusion and density resulting from increases in breeding sites and blood sources, and the interruption of vector control activities contribute to the spreading of leishmaniasis in the settings of human migration, deforestation, urbanization and conflict. In addition, climatic changes can be expected to affect the density and dispersion of sandflies. Phlebovirus infections and diseases are present in large areas of the Old World, especially in the Mediterranean subregion, in which virus diversity has proven to be higher than initially suspected. Vesiculovirus diseases are important to livestock and humans in the southeastern U.S.A. and Latin America, and represent emerging human threats in parts of India. Carrión's disease, formerly restricted to regions of elevated altitude in Peru, Ecuador and Colombia, has shown recent expansion to non-endemic areas of the Amazon basin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Maroli
- Unit of Vector-Borne Diseases and International Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lieshout-Krikke RW, Zaaijer HL, Prinsze FJ. The yield of temporary exclusion of blood donors, exposed to emerging infections abroad. Vox Sang 2013; 104:12-8. [PMID: 22775433 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2012.01631.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Emerging infections abroad pose a threat to the safety of blood, donated by travelling blood donors. In this study, the yield of donor deferral after travelling was evaluated, by comparing the estimated numbers of infected donors returning from various affected areas. METHODS A deterministic model was applied to calculate the number of infected donors, returning from six areas affected by outbreaks: Greece - Macedonia (West Nile fever), Italy - Emilia Romagna (West Nile fever), Thailand (chikungunya), Latvia (hepatitis A), central Turkey (Sicilian sandfly fever) and Italy - Tuscany (Toscana sandfly fever). RESULTS The estimated number of infections among returning blood donors was surprisingly low, ranging from 0·32 West Nile virus-infected donors per year returning from Macedonia (Greece) to approximately 0·005 infected donors per year returning respectively from Tuscany (sandfly fever), Latvia (hepatitis A) and central Turkey (sandfly fever). CONCLUSION The yield of the temporary exclusion of blood donors travelling to a specific, affected area is low, but the continuous monitoring of emerging infections and the timely assessment of new threats are laborious and imperfect. Safety measures may be instituted after the greatest threat of a new outbreak has passed. A general deferral of travelling donors may be more appropriate than targeted measures. It can be argued that all donors who stayed outside their country or continent of residency should be deferred for 4 weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R W Lieshout-Krikke
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Department of Blood-borne infections, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ergunay K, Erisoz Kasap O, Kocak Tufan Z, Turan MH, Ozkul A, Alten B. Molecular Evidence Indicates ThatPhlebotomus major sensu lato(Diptera: Psychodidae) Is the Vector Species of the Recently-Identified Sandfly Fever Sicilian Virus Variant: Sandfly Fever Turkey Virus. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2012; 12:690-8. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Virology Unit, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozge Erisoz Kasap
- Department of Biology, Division of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Kocak Tufan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, MOH Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mahur H. Turan
- Department of Virology, Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aykut Ozkul
- Department of Virology, Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bulent Alten
- Department of Biology, Division of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Guler S, Guler E, Caglayik DY, Kokoglu OF, Ucmak H, Bayrakdar F, Uyar Y. A sandfly fever virus outbreak in the East Mediterranean region of Turkey. Int J Infect Dis 2012; 16:e244-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
23
|
Kocak Tufan Z, Weidmann M, Bulut C, Kinikli S, Hufert FT, Dobler G, Demiroz AP. Clinical and laboratory findings of a sandfly fever Turkey Virus outbreak in Ankara. J Infect 2011; 63:375-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
24
|
Ergunay K, Whitehouse CA, Ozkul A. Current Status of Human Arboviral Diseases in Turkey. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2011; 11:731-41. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2010.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Chris A. Whitehouse
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Aykut Ozkul
- Department of Virology, Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bailey MS, Trinick T, Dunbar J, Hatch R, Osborne J, Brooks T, Green A. Undifferentiated Febrile Illnesses Amongst British Troops in Helmand, Afghanistan. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2011; 157:150-5. [DOI: 10.1136/jramc-157-02-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
26
|
Çarhan A, Uyar Y, Özkaya E, Ertek M, Dobler G, Dilcher M, Wang Y, Spiegel M, Hufert F, Weidmann M. Characterization of a sandfly fever Sicilian virus isolated during a sandfly fever epidemic in Turkey. J Clin Virol 2010; 48:264-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
27
|
Anagnostou V, Sdouga M, Volakli H, Violaki A, Papa A. Phlebovirus meningoencephalis complicated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia: a case report. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2010; 11:595-6. [PMID: 20575643 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2010.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In June 2004 an 8-year-old boy was admitted to a hospital in Thessaloniki, Greece, because of high fever, tachypnea, hypotonia, diarrhea, and tonoclonic convulsions. Phlebovirus infection was diagnosed by IgG seroconversion to Toscana virus. As IgM antibodies were not detected, it is suggested that this was an acute infection caused by a phlebovirus virus distinct from Toscana virus. Complication by a hospital-acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia resulted in 2 months of hospitalization. Slight ataxia was still present on discharge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki Anagnostou
- A' Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pages F, Faulde M, Orlandi-Pradines E, Parola P. The past and present threat of vector-borne diseases in deployed troops. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010; 16:209-24. [PMID: 20222896 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.03132.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
From time immemorial, vector-borne diseases have severely reduced the fighting capacity of armies and caused suspension or cancellation of military operations. Since World War I, infectious diseases have no longer been the main causes of morbidity and mortality among soldiers. However, most recent conflicts involving Western armies have occurred overseas, increasing the risk of vector-borne disease for the soldiers and for the displaced populations. The threat of vector-borne disease has changed with the progress in hygiene and disease control within the military: some diseases have lost their military significance (e.g. plague, yellow fever, and epidemic typhus); others remain of concern (e.g. malaria and dengue fever); and new potential threats have appeared (e.g. West Nile encephalitis and chikungunya fever). For this reason, vector control and personal protection strategies are always major requirements in ensuring the operational readiness of armed forces. Scientific progress has allowed a reduction in the impact of arthropod-borne diseases on military forces, but the threat is always present, and a failure in the context of vector control or in the application of personal protection measures could allow these diseases to have the same devastating impact on human health and military readiness as they did in the past.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Pages
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, antenne de Marseille, Marseille, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Moureau G, Bichaud L, Salez N, Ninove L, Hamrioui B, Belazzoug S, de Lamballerie X, Izri A, Charrel RN. Molecular and serological evidence for the presence of novel phleboviruses in sandflies from northern algeria. Open Virol J 2010. [PMID: 20563287 PMCID: PMC2887651 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901004010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During summer 2007, a total of 785 phlebotomine flies were trapped in northern Algeria, identified morphologically, organised as monospecific pools and tested for the presence of phlebovirus RNA using degenerate primers. Three pools were positive, and the corresponding PCR products were cloned and sequenced. Viral sequences corresponding to two phleboviruses distinct from each other were detected in sandflies circulating in two close locations (140 km apart) in Northern Algeria. The 3 sequences were aligned with homologous polymerase sequences retrieved from the Genbank database, in order to examine their phylogenetic relationships. One viral sequence (from Phlebotomus papatasi) was closely related to but distinct from a sequence obtained from Phlebotomus ariasi sandflies trapped in Algeria in 2006. The two other viral sequences (from Phlebotomus longicuspis) were genetically distantly related to sequences corresponding to virus members of the Sandfly fever Naples virus species and although falling within the same group, this clearly represents a second distinct novel lineage. These results are indicative of a high genetic heterogeneity within sandflies trapped in a relatively small geographic area. Seroprevalence studies conducted on sera from populations living in the same areas indicated that humans can be infected by these viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Moureau
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UMR190) Université de la Méditerranée - Institute of Research for Development, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Moureau G, Bichaud L, Salez N, Ninove L, Hamrioui B, Belazzoug S, de Lamballerie X, Izri A, Charrel RN. Molecular and serological evidence for the presence of novel phleboviruses in sandflies from northern algeria. Open Virol J 2010; 4:15-21. [PMID: 20563287 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901004020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During summer 2007, a total of 785 phlebotomine flies were trapped in northern Algeria, identified morphologically, organised as monospecific pools and tested for the presence of phlebovirus RNA using degenerate primers. Three pools were positive, and the corresponding PCR products were cloned and sequenced. Viral sequences corresponding to two phleboviruses distinct from each other were detected in sandflies circulating in two close locations (140 km apart) in Northern Algeria. The 3 sequences were aligned with homologous polymerase sequences retrieved from the Genbank database, in order to examine their phylogenetic relationships. One viral sequence (from Phlebotomus papatasi) was closely related to but distinct from a sequence obtained from Phlebotomus ariasi sandflies trapped in Algeria in 2006. The two other viral sequences (from Phlebotomus longicuspis) were genetically distantly related to sequences corresponding to virus members of the Sandfly fever Naples virus species and although falling within the same group, this clearly represents a second distinct novel lineage. These results are indicative of a high genetic heterogeneity within sandflies trapped in a relatively small geographic area. Seroprevalence studies conducted on sera from populations living in the same areas indicated that humans can be infected by these viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Moureau
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UMR190) Université de la Méditerranée - Institute of Research for Development, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|