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Qiu Y, Fu Q, Yang Y, Zhao J, Li J, Yi F, Fu X, Huang Y, Tian Z, Heitman JL, Yao Z, Dai Z, Qiu Y, Chen H. Soil and stone terraces offset the negative impacts of sloping cultivation on soil microbial diversity and functioning by protecting soil carbon. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 369:122339. [PMID: 39222589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cultivation of sloping land is a main cause for soil erosion. Conservation practices, such as soil and stone terraces, may reduce the impacts of erosion but their impacts on soil microbial diversity and functioning related to carbon (C) and nutrient metabolisms remain unclear. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of slope gradients (5°, 8°, 15°, 25°) and conservation practices (cultivated, uncultivated, soil terrace, and stone terrace) on bacterial and fungal diversities, metagenomic and metabolomic functioning associated with basic soil properties. Our results showed that steep slopes at 25° significantly decreased soil pH, silt percentage, and bacterial and fungal abundances, but that soil and stone terraces increased soil organic C (SOC), silt and clay contents, and fungal abundance compared to sloping cultivated lands. In addition, soil and stone terraces increased both bacterial and fungal alpha diversities, and relative abundances of Crenarchaeota, Nitrospirota, and Latescibacterota, but reduced the proportions of Actinobacteriota and Patescibacteria, thus shifting microbial beta diversities, which were significantly associated with increased SOC and silt content. For metagenomics, soil and stone terraces greatly increased the relative abundance of functional genes related to Respiration, Virulence, disease and defense, Stress response, and nitrogen and potassium metabolisms, such as Denitrification and Potassium homeostasis. For soil metabolomics, a total of 22 soil metabolites was enriched by soil and stone terraces, such as Lipids and lipid-like molecules (Arachidonic acid, Gamma-Linolenic acid, and Pentadecanoic acid), and Organoheterocyclic compounds (Adenine, Laudanosine, Methylpyrazine, and Nicotinic acid). To sum up, soil and stone terraces could reduce some of the negative impacts of steep slope cultivation on soil microbial diversity as well as their metagenomic and metabolomic functioning related to C and nutrient metabolism useful for soil health improvement, potentially bolstering the impact of sustainable practices in erosion hotspots around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Qi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Yihang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Fan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Xianheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Zhengchao Tian
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Joshua L Heitman
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Yao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Zhongmin Dai
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yunpeng Qiu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Huaihai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China.
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2
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Mao X, Li H, Zheng J. Effects of xenobiotics on CYP1 enzyme-mediated biotransformation and bioactivation of estradiol. Drug Metab Rev 2023; 55:1-49. [PMID: 36823774 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2023.2177671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous estradiol (E2) exerts diverse physiological and pharmacological activities, commonly used for hormone replacement therapy. However, prolonged and excessive exposure to E2 potentially increases estrogenic cancer risk. Reportedly, CYP1 enzyme-mediated biotransformation of E2 is largely concerned with its balance between detoxification and carcinogenic pathways. Among the three key CYP1 enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1), CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 mainly catalyze the formation of nontoxic 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OH-E2), while CYP1B1 specifically catalyzes the formation of genotoxic 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OH-E2). 4-OH-E2 can be further metabolized to electrophilic quinone intermediates accompanied by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering DNA damage. Since abnormal alterations in CYP1 activities can greatly affect the bioactivation process of E2, regulatory effects of xenobiotics on CYP1s are essential for E2-associated cancer development. To date, thousands of natural and synthetic compounds have been found to show potential inhibition and/or induction actions on the three CYP1 members. Generally, these chemicals share similar planar polycyclic skeletons, the structural motifs and substituent groups of which are important for their inhibitory/inductive efficiency and selectivity toward CYP1 enzymes. This review comprehensively summarizes these known inhibitors and/or inductors of E2-metabolizing CYP1s based on chemical categories and discusses their structure-activity relationships, which would contribute to better understanding of the correlation between xenobiotic-regulated CYP1 activities and estrogenic cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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3
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Yu Z, Shi D, Liu W, Meng Y, Meng F. Metabolome responses of Enterococcus faecium to acid shock and nitrite stress. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:3559-3571. [PMID: 32662876 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium is gaining increasing interest due to its virulence and tolerance to a range of stresses (e.g., acid shock and nitrite stress in human stomach). The chemical taxonomy and basic structural features of cellular metabolite can provide us a deeper understanding of bacterial tolerance at molecular level. Here, we used hierarchical classification and molecular composition analysis to investigate the metabolome responses of E. faecium to acid shock and nitrite stress. Our results showed that considerable high biodegradable compounds (e.g., dipeptides) were produced by E. faecium under acid shock, while nitrite stress induced the accumulations of some low biodegradable compounds (e.g., organoheterocyclic compounds and benzenoids). Complete genome analysis and metabolic pathway profiling suggested that E. faecium produced high biodegradable metabolites responsible for the proton-translocation and biofilm formation, which increase its tolerance to acid shock. Yet, the presence of low biodegradable metabolites due to the nitrite exposure could disturb the bacterial productions of surface proteins, and thus inhibiting biofilm formation. Our approach uncovered the hidden interactions between intracellular metabolites and exogenous stress, and will improve the understanding of host-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongchen Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wencong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yabing Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangang Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Sekimoto M, Sumi H, Hosaka T, Umemura T, Nishikawa A, Degawa M. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation and CYP1A induction by cooked food-derived carcinogenic heterocyclic amines in human HepG2 cell lines. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97:256-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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The selective cytotoxicity of the alkenyl glucosinolate hydrolysis products and their presence in Brassica vegetables. Toxicology 2015; 334:59-71. [PMID: 26066520 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetable consumption correlates with reduced risk of cancer. This chemopreventative activity may involve glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products. Glucosinolate-derived isothiocyanates have been studied for their toxicity and chemopreventative properties, but other hydrolysis products (epithionitriles and nitriles) have not been thoroughly examined. We report that these hydrolysis products differ in their cytotoxicity to human cells, with toxicity most strongly associated with isothiocyanates rather than epithionitriles and nitriles. We explored mechanisms of this differential cytotoxicity by examining the role of oxidative metabolism, oxidative stress, mitochondrial permeability, reduced glutathione levels, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. 2-Propenylisothiocyanate and 3-butenylisothiocyanate both inhibited cytochome P450 1A (CYP1A) enzyme activity in CYP expressing MCL-5 cells at high cytotoxic doses. Incubation of MCL-5 cells with non-cytotoxic doses of 2-propenylisothiocyanate for 24h resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, yet failed to affect CYP1A1 mRNA expression indicating interference with enzyme activity rather than inhibition of transcription. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was observed only for 2-propenylisothiocyanate treatment. 2-Propenylisothiocyanate treatment lowered reduced glutathione levels whereas no changes were noted with 3,4-epithiobutylnitrile. Cell cycle analysis showed that 2-propenylisothiocyanate induced a G2/M block whereas other hydrolysis products showed only marginal effects. We found that 2-propenylisothiocyanate and 3-butenylisothiocyanate induced cell death predominantly via necrosis whereas, 3,4-epithiobutylnitrile promoted both necrosis and apoptosis. Thus the activity of glucosinolate hydrolysis products includes cytotoxicity that is compound-class specific and may contribute to their putative chemoprotection properties.
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Pałasz A, Wiaderkiewicz A, Wiaderkiewicz R, Czekaj P, Czajkowska B, Lebda-Wyborny T, Piwowarczyk A, Bryzek A. Age-related changes in the mRNA levels of CYP1A1, CYP2B1/2 and CYP3A1 isoforms in rat small intestine. GENES AND NUTRITION 2011; 7:197-207. [PMID: 21769602 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-011-0240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been established beyond doubt that, as well as the liver, the small intestine is an important site of first-pass metabolism of numerous drugs, food components and toxic xenobiotics. However, there is not much information available about age-dependent changes of intestinal biotransformation pathways. In the present paper, we evaluated the relationships between intestinal cytochrome P450 complex activity and the age of animals. The study was carried out on male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 5) from 5 age series: 0.5-, 2-, 4-, 20-, and 28 months old. Animals at every age series were divided into 4 groups: control and three groups of rats treated with the CYP450 specific inducers: phenobarbital, β-naphtoflavone and dexamethasone, respectively. RNA was isolated from intestinal mucosa, and then standard RT-PCR was used for the analysis of CYP1A1, CYP2B1/2 and CYP3A1 mRNA expression. Additionally, the activities of NADPH-cytochrome P450 and NADH-cytochrome b(5) reductases in the microsomal fraction were biochemically estimated. The constitutive intestinal CYP1A1 mRNA expression changes during maturation and aging. Inducibility of CYP1A1 gene was evident in intestinal mucosa at 2-, 4- and 20-month-old rats. A similar pattern of changes was observed for CYP2B1/2 isoforms. CYP3A1 mRNA expression was not detected in small intestine of 2-week-old rats. In matured rats, constitutive intestinal CYP3A1 expression was low, although after induction, significant increases in CYP3A1 mRNA amount were noted in aged individuals. Intestinal activity of both analyzed reductases was lowest in immature rats and highest in 28-month-old animals. In conclusion, the activity of cytochrome P450 complex in rat small intestine was not decreased by the aging processes, so the high rate of oxidative metabolic reactions in intestinal mucosa can be maintained till the advanced life stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland,
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7
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Haza AI, Coto AL, Morales P. Comparison of the Ability of Myricetin and Quercetin to Modulate the Oxidative DNA Damage Induced by Heterocyclic Amines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2011.24051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Haza AI, Morales P. Effects of (+)catechin and (−)epicatechin on heterocyclic amines-induced oxidative DNA damage. J Appl Toxicol 2010; 31:53-62. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Dumont J, Jossé R, Lambert C, Anthérieu S, Le Hegarat L, Aninat C, Robin MA, Guguen-Guillouzo C, Guillouzo A. Differential toxicity of heterocyclic aromatic amines and their mixture in metabolically competent HepaRG cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 245:256-63. [PMID: 20307560 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human exposure to heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAA) usually occurs through mixtures rather than individual compounds. However, the toxic effects and related mechanisms of co-exposure to HAA in humans remain unknown. We compared the effects of two of the most common HAA, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), individually or in combination, in the metabolically competent human hepatoma HepaRG cells. Various endpoints were measured including cytotoxicity, apoptosis, oxidative stress and DNA damage by the comet assay. Moreover, the effects of PhIP and/or MeIQx on mRNA expression and activities of enzymes involved in their activation and detoxification pathways were evaluated. After a 24h treatment, PhIP and MeIQx, individually and in combination, exerted differential effects on apoptosis, oxidative stress, DNA damage and cytochrome P450 (CYP) activities. Only PhIP induced DNA damage. It was also a stronger inducer of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression and activity than MeIQx. In contrast, only MeIQx exposure resulted in a significant induction of CYP1A2 activity. The combination of PhIP with MeIQx induced an oxidative stress and showed synergistic effects on apoptosis. However, PhIP-induced genotoxicity was abolished by a co-exposure with MeIQx. Such an inhibitory effect could be explained by a significant decrease in CYP1A2 activity which is responsible for PhIP genotoxicity. Our findings highlight the need to investigate interactions between HAA when assessing risks for human health and provide new insights in the mechanisms of interaction between PhIP and MeIQx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Dumont
- Inserm U991, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, F-35043 Rennes cedex, France.
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10
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Hirata A, Tsukamoto T, Sakai H, Takasu S, Ban H, Imai T, Totsuka Y, Nishigaki R, Wakabayashi K, Yanai T, Masegi T, Tatematsu M. Carcinogenic risk of heterocyclic amines in combination – Assessment with a liver initiation model. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:2003-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2007] [Revised: 01/13/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Little J, Sharp L, Masson LF, Brockton NT, Cotton SC, Haites NE, Cassidy J. Colorectal cancer and genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1: a case-control study in the Grampian region of Scotland. Int J Cancer 2006; 119:2155-64. [PMID: 16823842 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 is involved in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are derived from meat intake and tobacco smoking. Expression of the CYP1A1 gene is induced by compounds present in cruciferous vegetables. The glutathione S-transferases play a central role in the detoxification of carcinogens, including PAHs. We investigated the association between colorectal cancer and three variants (CYP1A1*2A, CYP1A1*2C, CYP1A1*4) of the CYP1A1 gene, and homozygosity for the null deletion of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes, and the joint effects of these genotypes and smoking, meat intake and intake of green leafy vegetables in a population-based study of 264 cases and 408 controls in Northeast Scotland. There was an inverse association with the CYP1A1*4 (m4) variant (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.13-0.70). The OR for the CYP1A1*2C (m2) variant was 1.3 (95% CI 0.59-2.91), which is similar to a combined estimate for previous studies (OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.95-1.41). We observed no association with the CYP1A1*2A (m1) variant, or the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms. Significant interactions between all 3 CYP1A1 variants and meat intake, and between the m1 and m2 variants and intake of green leafy vegetables, were observed. There was no evidence of interaction between CYP1A1 and smoking, and no evidence of interaction between the GSTM1 or GSTT1 polymorphisms and smoking, meat intake, green leafy vegetable intake, CYP1A1 variants or each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Little
- Epidemiology Group, Department of Public Health, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK.
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12
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Stiborová M, Dracínská H, Hájková J, Kaderábková P, Frei E, Schmeiser HH, Soucek P, Phillips DH, Arlt VM. THE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANT AND CARCINOGEN 3-NITROBENZANTHRONE AND ITS HUMAN METABOLITE 3-AMINOBENZANTHRONE ARE POTENT INDUCERS OF RAT HEPATIC CYTOCHROMES P450 1A1 AND -1A2 AND NAD(P)H:QUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE. Drug Metab Dispos 2006; 34:1398-405. [PMID: 16714372 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.106.009373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA), a suspected human carcinogen occurring in diesel exhaust and air pollution, and its human metabolite 3-aminobenzanthrone (3-ABA) were investigated for their ability to induce biotransformation enzymes in rat liver and the influence of such induction on DNA adduct formation by the compounds. Rats were treated (i.p.) with 0.4, 4, or 40 mg/kg body weight 3-NBA or 3-ABA. When hepatic cytosolic fractions from rats treated with 40 mg/kg body weight 3-NBA or 3-ABA were incubated with 3-NBA, DNA adduct formation, measured by 32P-postlabeling analysis, was 10-fold higher in incubations with cytosols from pretreated rats than with controls. The increase in 3-NBA-derived DNA adduct formation corresponded to a dose-dependent increase in protein levels and enzymatic activity of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1). NQO1 is the major enzyme reducing 3-NBA in human and rat livers. Incubations of 3-ABA with hepatic microsomes of rats treated with 3-NBA or 3-ABA (40 mg/kg body weight) led to as much as a 12-fold increase in 3-ABA-derived DNA adduct formation compared with controls. The observed stimulation of DNA adduct formation by both compounds was attributed to their potential to induce protein expression and enzymatic activity of cytochromes P450 1A1 and/or -1A2 (CYP1A1/2), the major enzymes responsible for 3-ABA activation in human and rat livers. Collectively, these results demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that by inducing hepatic NQO1 and CYP1A1/2, both 3-NBA and 3-ABA increase the enzymatic activation of these two compounds to reactive DNA adduct-forming species, thereby enhancing their own genotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Thomas RD, Green MR, Wilson C, Weckle AL, Duanmu Z, Kocarek TA, Runge-Morris M. Cytochrome P450 expression and metabolic activation of cooked food mutagen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) in MCF10A breast epithelial cells. Chem Biol Interact 2006; 160:204-16. [PMID: 16527260 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2006.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2005] [Revised: 01/14/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 expression profile was determined in the MCF10A human breast epithelial cell line, as was the ability of this cell line to catalyze the bioactivation of the cooked food mutagen, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). Using non-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), transcripts for CYP1B1, CYP2J2, CYP2R1, CYP2U1, CYP2W1, CYP4B1, CYP4F, CYP4V2, CYP4X1 and CYP4Z1 were detected in both sub-confluent and confluent MCF10A cells. By contrast, CYP1A2 mRNA was detected only in confluent MCF10A cells, while CYP1A1, CYP2S1 and CYP2F1 were detected predominantly or exclusively in sub-confluent cultures. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin treatment of confluent MCF10A cells markedly induced microsomal ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity and CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 mRNA levels, as determined by real-time RT-PCR, while treatment with 10(-4)M PhIP had little effect on these P450 transcript levels. Treatment of confluent MCF10A cells with PhIP (10(-4)M) for 24, 48 or 72 h produced time-dependent increases in the amounts of DNA adducts, as measured by (32)P-post-labeling. These results indicate that multiple P450s, including those known to catalyze PhIP N-oxidation, are expressed in MCF10A cells, and that this non-neoplastic human breast epithelial cell line contains sufficient enzymatic machinery to support PhIP bioactivation and generate DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald D Thomas
- Environmental Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A and M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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Lee SY, Oh SM, Lee SK, Chung KH. Antiestrogenic effects of marijuana smoke condensate and cannabinoid compounds. Arch Pharm Res 2006; 28:1365-75. [PMID: 16392670 DOI: 10.1007/bf02977903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The antiestrogenic effects of marijuana smoke condensate (MSC) and three major cannabinoids, ie., delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabinol (CBN), were evaluated using in vitro bioassays, viz., the human breast cancer cell proliferation assay, the recombinant human estrogen receptor (ER) competitive binding assay, and the reporter gene assay. The inhibitory effects on estrogen were also examined using the ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay, the aromatase assay, and the 17beta-estradiol (E2) metabolism assay. The results showed that MSC induced the antiestrogenic effect via the ER-mediated pathway, while THC, CBD, and CBN did not have any antiestrogenic activity. This suggests that the combined effects of the marijuana smoke components are responsible for the antiestrogenicity of marijuana use. In addition, MSC induced the CYP1A activity and the E2 metabolism, but inhibited the aromatase activity, suggesting that the antiestrogenic activity of MSC is also related to the indirect ER-dependent pathway, as a result of the depletion of the in situ E2 level available to bind to the ER. In conclusion, pyrogenic products including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the non-polar fraction, which is the most biologically active fraction among the seven fractions of MSC, might be responsible for the antiestrogenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yeun Lee
- National Institute of Scientific Investigation, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Sugiura S, Asamoto M, Hokaiwado N, Hirose M, Shirai T. Harman and Norharman Suppressed but NaNO2 Enhanced the Development of Preneoplastic Liver Cell Foci in 2-Amino-3,8-Dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]Quinoxaline (MeIQx)-Treated Rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2005. [DOI: 10.1293/tox.18.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Sugiura
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Makoto Asamoto
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Naomi Hokaiwado
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Masao Hirose
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Tomoyuki Shirai
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
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