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Mythri RB, Aishwarya MRB. Biopolymers as promising vehicles for drug delivery to the brain. Drug Metab Rev 2024; 56:46-61. [PMID: 37955126 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2023.2281855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The brain is a privileged organ, tightly guarded by a network of endothelial cells, pericytes, and glial cells called the blood brain barrier. This barrier facilitates tight regulation of the transport of molecules, ions, and cells from the blood to the brain. While this feature ensures protection to the brain, it also presents a challenge for drug delivery for brain diseases. It is, therefore, crucial to identify molecules and/or vehicles that carry drugs, cross the blood brain barrier, and reach targets within the central nervous system. Biopolymers are large polymeric molecules obtained from biological sources. In comparison with synthetic polymers, biopolymers are structurally more complex and their 3D architecture makes them biologically active. Researchers are therefore investigating biopolymers as safe and efficient carriers of brain-targeted therapeutic agents. In this article, we bring together various approaches toward achieving this objective with a note on the prospects for biopolymer-based neurotherapeutic/neurorestorative/neuroprotective interventions. Finally, as a representative paradigm, we discuss the potential use of nanocarrier biopolymers in targeting protein aggregation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswara Babu Mythri
- Department of Psychology, Christ (Deemed to be University), Dharmaram College Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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2
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Wang K, Wang S, Yin J, Yang Q, Yu Y, Chen L. Long-term application of silver nanoparticles in dental restoration materials: potential toxic injury to the CNS. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:52. [PMID: 37855967 PMCID: PMC10587321 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06753-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have durable and remarkable antimicrobial effects on pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, in dental plaques. As such, they are widely added to dental restoration materials, including composite resins, denture bases, adhesives, and implants, to solve the problems of denture stomatitis, peri-implant inflammation, and oral infection caused by the long-term use of these dental restoration materials. However, AgNPs can be absorbed into the blood circulatory system through the nasal/oral mucosa, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, skin, and other pathways and then distributed into the lungs, kidneys, liver, spleen, and testes, thereby causing toxic injury to these tissues and organs. It can even be transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and continuously accumulate in brain tissues, causing injury and dysfunction of neurons and glial cells; consequently, neurotoxicity occurs. Other nanomaterials with antibacterial or remineralization properties are added to dental restoration materials with AgNPs. However, studies have yet to reveal the neurotoxicity caused by dental restoration materials containing AgNPs. In this review, we summarize the application of AgNPs in dental restoration materials, the mechanism of AgNPs in cytotoxicity and toxic injury to the BBB, and the related research on the accumulation of AgNPs to cause changes of neurotoxicity. We also discuss the mechanisms of neurotoxicity caused by AgNPs and the mode and rate of AgNPs released from dental restorative materials added with AgNPs to evaluate the probability of neurotoxic injury to the central nervous system (CNS), and then provide a theoretical basis for developing new composite dental restoration materials. Mechanism of neurotoxicity caused by AgNPs: AgNPs in the blood circulation enter the brain tissue after being transported across the BBB through transendothelial cell pathway and paracellular transport pathway, and continuously accumulate in brain tissue, causing damage and dysfunction of neurons and glial cells which ultimately leads to neurotoxicity. The uptake of AgNPs by neurons, astrocytes and microglia causes damage to these cells. AgNPs with non-neurotoxic level often increases the secretion of a variety of cytokines, up-regulates the expression of metallothionein in glial cells, even up-regulates autophagy and inflammation response to protect neurons from the toxic damage of AgNPs. However, the protective effect of glial cells induced by AgNPs exposure to neurotoxic levels is insufficient, which leads to neuronal damage and dysfunction and even neuronal programmed cell death, eventually cause neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimei Wang
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- The Medical unit of 65651 troops of Chinese people's Liberation Army, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, 121100, China
| | - Jingju Yin
- Fujian Medical University; Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, China
| | - Qiankun Yang
- The Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563100, China.
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3
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Noshy PA, Yasin NAE, Rashad MM, Shehata AM, Salem FMS, El-Saied EM, Mahmoud MY. Zinc nanoparticles ameliorate oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by silver nanoparticles in the brain of male rats. Neurotoxicology 2023; 95:193-204. [PMID: 36796650 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to investigate the possible ameliorative role of zinc nanoparticles (Zn NPs) against silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs)-induced oxidative and apoptotic brain damage in adult male rats. Twenty-four mature Wistar rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups: control group, Ag NPs group, Zn NPs group, and Ag NPs + Zn NPs group. Rats were exposed to Ag NPs (50 mg/kg) and/or Zn NPs (30 mg/kg) daily by oral gavage for 12 weeks. The results revealed that exposure to Ag NPs significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, decreased catalase and reduced glutathione (GSH) activities, downregulated the relative mRNA expression of antioxidant-related genes (Nrf-2 and SOD), and upregulated the relative mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes (Bax, caspase 3 and caspase 9) in the brain tissue. Furthermore, severe neuropathological lesions with a substantial increase in the caspase 3 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity were observed in the cerebrum and cerebellum of Ag NPs-exposed rats. Conversely, co-administration of Zn NPs with Ag NPs significantly ameliorated most of these neurotoxic effects. Collectively, Zn NPs can be used as a potent prophylactic agent against Ag NPs-induced oxidative and apoptotic neural damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Noshy
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Noha A E Yasin
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Maha M Rashad
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa M Shehata
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Fatma M S Salem
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Eiman M El-Saied
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Y Mahmoud
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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4
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Gerber LS, Heusinkveld HJ, Langendoen C, Stahlmecke B, Schins RPF, Westerink RHS. Acute, sub-chronic and chronic exposures to TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles differentially affects neuronal function in vitro. Neurotoxicology 2022; 93:311-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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In Vivo Evaluation of Anti-Nociceptive Effects of Silver Nanoparticles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217259. [PMID: 36364085 PMCID: PMC9654273 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used commercially due to their antimicrobial effects. Little is known about the effect of AgNPs on neural transmission and pain response. The aim of this study was to assess the anti-nociceptive activity of AgNPs. AgNPs were prepared at 16 ug/mL, white albino rats were injected with various doses of AgNPs, and challenged using a hot-plate test and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) was measured. The chronic constriction injury (CCI) model was utilized to evaluate the pedal withdrawal reflex and tail withdrawal reflex. An electrophysiological study was conducted utilizing colon longitudinal muscle strips. AgNPs increased the latency of PWL in a dose-dependent matter over the duration of 6 h. The paw withdrawal threshold in animals with CCI significantly increased after AgNPs administration. In isolated colon longitudinal muscle strips, AgNPs significantly reduced the colonic migrating motor complexes (MMCs) and contraction. This action was completely reversed after removing the AgNPs and adding acetylcholine to the preparation. In this study, AgNPs showed significant anti-nociception properties. To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe this pharmacological action of AgNPs.
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Quercetin Abrogates Oxidative Neurotoxicity Induced by Silver Nanoparticles in Wistar Rats. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040578. [PMID: 35455069 PMCID: PMC9024840 DOI: 10.3390/life12040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the oxidative neurotoxicity induced by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and assess the neuroprotective effects of quercetin against this toxicity. Forty adult male rats were divided into four equal groups: control, AgNPs (50 mg/kg intraperitoneally), quercetin (50 mg/kg orally), and quercetin + AgNPs. After 30 days, blood and brain tissue samples were collected for further studies. AgNP exposure increased lipid peroxidation and decreased glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities in brain tissue. AgNPs decreased serum acetylcholine esterase activity and γ-aminobutyric acid concentrations. AgNPs upregulated tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and Bax transcript levels. AgNPs reduced the transcripts of claudin-5, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, paraoxonase, nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2 (Nrf2), and Bcl-2. Histopathologically, AgNPs caused various degenerative changes and neuronal necrosis associated with glial cell reactions. AgNPs increased the immunohistochemical staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the cerebrum and cerebellum. Oral treatment with quercetin efficiently counteracted the opposing effects of AgNPs on brain tissue via modulation of tight junction proteins, Nrf2, and paraoxonase, and its positive mechanism in modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and the downregulation of GFAP expression, and the apoptotic pathway. AgNPs also altered the severity of histopathological lesions and modulated GFAP immunostaining in the examined tissue.
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Mohammadipour A, Abudayyak M. Hippocampal toxicity of metal base nanoparticles. Is there a relationship between nanoparticles and psychiatric disorders? REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2022; 37:35-44. [PMID: 33770832 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal base nanoparticles are widely produced all over the world and used in many fields and products such as medicine, electronics, cosmetics, paints, ceramics, toys, kitchen utensils and toothpastes. They are able to enter the body through digestive, respiratory, and alimentary systems. These nanoparticles can also cross the blood brain barrier, enter the brain and aggregate in the hippocampus. After entering the hippocampus, they induce oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and gene expression alteration in hippocampal cells, which finally lead to neuronal apoptosis. Metal base nanoparticles can also affect hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity that both of them play crucial role in memory and learning. On the one hand, hippocampal cells are severely vulnerable due to their high metabolic activity, and on the other hand, metal base nanoparticles have high potential to damage hippocampus through variety of mechanisms and affect its functions. This review discusses, in detail, nanoparticles' detrimental effects on the hippocampus in cellular, molecular and functional levels to reveal that according to the present information, which types of nanoparticles have more potential to induce hippocampal toxicity and psychiatric disorders and which types should be more evaluated in the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Mohammadipour
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Abudayyak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Dziendzikowska K, Węsierska M, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J, Wilczak J, Oczkowski M, Męczyńska-Wielgosz S, Kruszewski M. Silver Nanoparticles Impair Cognitive Functions and Modify the Hippocampal Level of Neurotransmitters in a Coating-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12706. [PMID: 34884506 PMCID: PMC8657429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their potent antibacterial properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in industry and medicine. However, they can cross the brain-blood barrier, posing a risk to the brain and its functions. In our previous study, we demonstrated that oral administration of bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated AgNPs caused an impairment in spatial memory in a dose-independent manner. In this study, we evaluated the effects of AgNPs coating material on cognition, spatial memory functioning, and neurotransmitter levels in rat hippocampus. AgNPs coated with BSA (AgNPs(BSA)), polyethylene glycol (AgNPs(PEG)), or citrate (AgNPs(Cit)) or silver ions (Ag+) were orally administered at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg b.w. to male Wistar rats for a period of 28 days, while the control (Ctrl) rats received 0.2 mL of water. The acquisition and maintenance of spatial memory related to place avoidance were assessed using the active allothetic place avoidance task, in which rats from AgNPs(BSA), AgNPs(PEG), and Ag+ groups performed worse than the Ctrl rats. In the retrieval test assessing long-term memory, only rats from AgNPs(Cit) and Ctrl groups showed memory maintenance. The analysis of neurotransmitter levels indicated that the ratio between serotonin and dopamine concentration was disturbed in the AgNPs(BSA) rats. Furthermore, treatment with AgNPs or Ag+ resulted in the induction of peripheral inflammation, which was reflected by the alterations in the levels of serum inflammatory mediators. In conclusion, depending on the coating material used for their stabilization, AgNPs induced changes in memory functioning and concentration of neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Dziendzikowska
- Chair of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.-O.); (M.O.)
| | - Małgorzata Węsierska
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska
- Chair of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.-O.); (M.O.)
| | - Jacek Wilczak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Michał Oczkowski
- Chair of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.-O.); (M.O.)
| | - Sylwia Męczyńska-Wielgosz
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (S.M.-W.); (M.K.)
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (S.M.-W.); (M.K.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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9
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Alsaleh NB. Adverse cardiovascular responses of engineered nanomaterials: Current understanding of molecular mechanisms and future challenges. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 37:102421. [PMID: 34166839 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is spanning multiple fields of study from materials science to computer engineering and drug discovery. Since the early 21st century, nanotechnology and nano-enabled research have received great attention and governmental funding accompanied with interest to ensure human and environmental safety of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Optimal functioning of the cardiovascular (CV) system is of utmost importance for the overall health of the body. Following exposure, ENMs essentially end up in the circulation (at least partially) and hence it is key to assess any associated adverse CV consequences. Accumulating research suggests that exposure to ENMs (different compositions and physicochemical properties) has the capacity to directly and indirectly interact with CV components resulting in adverse events and worsening of CV complications. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms driving these events remain to be elucidated. In this article, we review state-of-art literature on ENM-associated adverse CV responses and discuss the potential underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser B Alsaleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Nanobiotechnology Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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10
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Effects of ketamine on voltage-gated sodium channels in the barrel cortex and the ventral posteromedial nucleus slices of rats. Neuroreport 2020; 30:1197-1204. [PMID: 31568204 PMCID: PMC6855387 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine is commonly used as a dissociative anesthetic with unique actions in the central nervous system. Previous studies have found that the thalamocortical systems play an important role in general anesthetics induced unconsciousness. Whether the voltage-gated sodium channels in the thalamocortical systems are the target of ketamine remain unclear. The present study used a whole-cell patch-clamp technique to observe the effects of ketamine on voltage-gated Na channels in thalamocortical pyramidal neurons. We found that IC50 of ketamine on Na currents in the primary somatosensory barrel cortex pyramidal neurons and the thalamus ventral posteromedial nucleus pyramidal neurons was 686.72 ± 39.92 and 842.65 ± 87.28 μM, respectively. Ketamine accelerated the Na channels inactivation and slowed inactivation of Na channels after recovery but did not affect the activation. We demonstrated the detailed suppression process of neural voltage-gated Na channels by ketamine on thalamocortical slice. This may provide a new insight into the mechanical explanation for the ketamine anesthesia.
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Abstract
The remarkable advances coming about through nanotechnology promise to revolutionize many aspects of modern life; however, these advances come with a responsibility for due diligence to ensure that they are not accompanied by adverse consequences for human health or the environment. Many novel nanomaterials (having at least one dimension <100 nm) could be highly mobile if released into the environment and are also very reactive, which has raised concerns for potential adverse impacts including, among others, the potential for neurotoxicity. Several lines of evidence led to concerns for neurotoxicity, but perhaps none more than observations that inhaled nanoparticles impinging on the mucosal surface of the nasal epithelium could be internalized into olfactory receptor neurons and transported by axoplasmic transport into the olfactory bulbs without crossing the blood-brain barrier. From the olfactory bulb, there is concern that nanomaterials may be transported deeper into the brain and affect other brain structures. Of course, people will not be exposed to only engineered nanomaterials, but rather such exposures will occur in a complex mixture of environmental materials, some of which are incidentally generated particles of a similar inhalable size range to engineered nanomaterials. To date, most experimental studies of potential neurotoxicity of nanomaterials have not considered the potential exposure sources and pathways that could lead to exposure, and most studies of nanomaterial exposure have not considered potential neurotoxicity. Here, we present a review of potential sources of exposures to nanoparticles, along with a review of the literature on potential neurotoxicity of nanomaterials. We employ the linked concepts of an aggregate exposure pathway (AEP) and an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) to organize and present the material. The AEP includes a sequence of key events progressing from material sources, release to environmental media, external exposure, internal exposure, and distribution to the target site. The AOP begins with toxicant at the target site causing a molecular initiating event and, like the AEP, progress sequentially to actions at the level of the cell, organ, individual, and population. Reports of nanomaterial actions are described at every key event along the AEP and AOP, except for changes in exposed populations that have not yet been observed. At this last stage, however, there is ample evidence of population level effects from exposure to ambient air particles that may act similarly to engineered nanomaterials. The data give an overall impression that current exposure levels may be considerably lower than those reported experimentally to be neurotoxic. This impression, however, is tempered by the absence of long-term exposure studies with realistic routes and levels of exposure to address concerns for chronic accumulation of materials or damage. Further, missing across the board are "key event relationships", which are quantitative expressions linking the key events of either the AEP or the AOP, making it impossible to quantitatively project the likelihood of adverse neurotoxic effects from exposure to nanomaterials or to estimate margins of exposure for such relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- William K. Boyes
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC USA 27711
| | - Christoph van Thriel
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, TU Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
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Shalaby N, Zemzemi N, Elkhodary K. Simulating the effect of sodium channel blockage on cardiac electromechanics. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2019; 234:16-27. [PMID: 31625448 DOI: 10.1177/0954411919882514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest to better understand drug-induced cardiovascular complications and to predict undesirable side effects at as early a stage in the drug development process as possible. The purpose of this paper is to investigate computationally the influence of sodium ion channel blockage on cardiac electromechanics. To do so, we implement a myofiber orientation dependent passive stress model (Holzapfel-Ogden) in the multiphysics solver Chaste to simulate an imaged physiological model of the human ventricles. A dosage of a sodium channel blocker was then applied and its inhibitory effects on the electrical propagation across ventricles were modeled. We employ the Kerckhoffs active stress model to generate electrically excited contractile behavior of myofibers. Our predictions indicate that a delay in the electrical activation of ventricular tissue caused by the sodium channel blockage translates to a delay in the mechanical biomarkers that were investigated. Moreover, sodium channel blockage was found to increase left ventricular twist. A multiphysics computational framework from the cell level to the organ level was thus used to predict the effect of sodium channel blocking drugs on cardiac electromechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Shalaby
- Mechanical Engineering Department, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nejib Zemzemi
- INRIA Bordeaux Sud-Ouest, Carmen Group, Talence, France.,IHU-LIRYC, Pessac, France
| | - Khalil Elkhodary
- Mechanical Engineering Department, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
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Yin S, Liu J, Kang Y, Lin Y, Li D, Shao L. Interactions of nanomaterials with ion channels and related mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3754-3774. [PMID: 31290152 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological potential of nanotechnology, especially in drug delivery and bioengineering, has developed rapidly in recent decades. Ion channels, which are easily targeted by external agents, such as nanomaterials (NMs) and synthetic drugs, due to their unique structures, have attracted increasing attention in the fields of nanotechnology and pharmacology for the treatment of ion channel-related diseases. NMs have significant effects on ion channels, and these effects are manifested in many ways, including changes in ion currents, kinetic characteristics and channel distribution. Subsequently, intracellular ion homeostasis, signalling pathways, and intracellular ion stores are affected, leading to the initiation of a range of biological processes. However, the effect of the interactions of NMs with ion channels is an interesting topic that remains obscure. In this review, we have summarized the recent research progress on the direct and indirect interactions between NMs and ion channels and discussed the related molecular mechanisms, which are crucial to the further development of ion channel-related nanotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhan Yin
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyuan Kang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Lin
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongjian Li
- Liwan District Stomatology Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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Shafique M, Luo X. Nanotechnology in Transportation Vehicles: An Overview of Its Applications, Environmental, Health and Safety Concerns. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2493. [PMID: 31390752 PMCID: PMC6696398 DOI: 10.3390/ma12152493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has received increasing attention and is being applied in the transportation vehicle field. With their unique physical and chemical characteristics, nanomaterials can significantly enhance the safety and durability of transportation vehicles. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of nanotechnology and how this technology can be applied in improving the comfort, safety, and speed of transportation vehicles. Moreover, this paper systematically examines the recent developments and applications of nanotechnology in the transportation vehicle industry, including nano-coatings, nano filters, carbon black for tires, nanoparticles for engine performance enchantment and fuel consumption reduction. Also, it introduces the main challenges for broader applications, such as environmental, health and safety concerns. Since several nanomaterials have shown tremendous performance and have been theoretically researched, they can be potential candidates for applications in future environmental friendly transportation vehicles. This paper will contribute to further sustainable research and greater potential applications of environmentally friendly nanomaterials in healthier transportation vehicles to improve the transportation industry around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafique
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Architecture and Civil Engineering Research Center, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xiaowei Luo
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
- Architecture and Civil Engineering Research Center, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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15
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Carvalho CR, Silva-Correia J, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. Nanotechnology in peripheral nerve repair and reconstruction. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:308-343. [PMID: 30639255 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana R Carvalho
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva-Correia
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
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16
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Distasi C, Dionisi M, Ruffinatti FA, Gilardino A, Bardini R, Antoniotti S, Catalano F, Bassino E, Munaron L, Martra G, Lovisolo D. The interaction of SiO 2 nanoparticles with the neuronal cell membrane: activation of ionic channels and calcium influx. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:575-594. [PMID: 30810075 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To clarify the mechanisms of interaction between SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and the plasma membrane of GT1-7 neuroendocrine cells, with focus on the activation of calcium-permeable channels, responsible for the long lasting calcium influx and modulation of the electrical activity in these cells. MATERIALS & METHODS Nontoxic doses of SiO2 NPs were administered to the cells. Calcium imaging and patch clamp techniques were combined with a pharmacological approach. RESULTS TRPV4, Cx and Panx-like channels are the major components of the NP-induced inward currents. Preincubation with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine strongly reduced the [Ca2+]i increase. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that SiO2 NPs directly activate a complex set of calcium-permeable channels, possibly by catalyzing free radical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Distasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale 'A. Avogadro', Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marianna Dionisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale 'A. Avogadro', Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Gilardino
- Department of Life Sciences & Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 23, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberta Bardini
- Department of Life Sciences & Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 23, 10123 Torino, Italy.,Department of Control & Computer Engineering, Polytechnic University of Turin, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Susanna Antoniotti
- Department of Life Sciences & Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 23, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Catalano
- Department of Chemistry, Torino, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Italy.,Italian Institute of Technology, Central Research Laboratories, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Eleonora Bassino
- Department of Life Sciences & Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 23, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Munaron
- Department of Life Sciences & Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 23, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Gianmario Martra
- Department of Control & Computer Engineering, Polytechnic University of Turin, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.,NIS Interdepartmental Center, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Lovisolo
- Department of Life Sciences & Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 23, 10123 Torino, Italy
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17
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Barik BK, Mishra M. Nanoparticles as a potential teratogen: a lesson learnt from fruit fly. Nanotoxicology 2018; 13:258-284. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1530393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bedanta Kumar Barik
- Neural Developmental Biology Lab, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Monalisa Mishra
- Neural Developmental Biology Lab, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
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18
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Callaghan NI, Williams KJ, Bennett JC, MacCormack TJ. Nanoparticulate-specific effects of silver on teleost cardiac contractility. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:721-730. [PMID: 29129433 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (nAg), due to their biocidal properties, are common in medical applications and are used in more consumer products than any other engineered nanomaterial. This growing abundance, combined with their ability to translocate across the epithelium and bioaccumulate, suggests that internalized nAg may present a risk of toxicity to many organisms in the future. However, little experimentation has been devoted to cardiac responses to acute nAg exposure, even though nAg is known to disrupt ion channels even when ionic Ag+ does not. In this study, we examined the cardiac response to nAg exposure relative to a sham and an ionic AgNO3 control across cardiomyocyte survival and homeostasis, ventricular contractility, and intrinsic pacing rates of whole hearts. Our results suggest that nAg, but not Ag+ alone, inhibits force production by the myocardium, that Ag in any form disrupts normal pacing of cardiac contractions, and that these responses are likely not due to cytotoxicity. This evidence of nanoparticle-specific effects on physiology should encourage further research into nAg cardiotoxicity and other potential sublethal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Ingraham Callaghan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, E4L 1G8, Canada.
| | - Kenneth Javier Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, E4L 1G8, Canada.
| | - J Craig Bennett
- Department of Physics, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, B4P 2R6, Canada.
| | - Tyson James MacCormack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, E4L 1G8, Canada.
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19
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Acute exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles critically disrupts operation of the respiratory neural network in neonatal rat. Neurotoxicology 2018; 67:150-160. [PMID: 29860053 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to their extremely small size that gives them unique physicochemical properties, nanoparticles (NPs) are used in the production of everyday materials. However, NPs can accumulate in body organs and could cause various diseases. Moreover, NPs that cross biological membranes such as the blood-brain barrier can aggregate in the brain and potentially produce neuronal damage. Although studies have reported the effects of diverse NPs on the bioelectrical properties of individual neurons, their potential influences on the operation of whole neuronal networks have not been documented. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of an acute exposure to zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs on the central neural networks responsible for mammalian respiratory rhythm generation. Using an isolated ex vivo brainstem-spinal cord preparation from neonatal rat in which the circuitry for the central respiratory command remained intact, we show that ZnO NPs accelerate, then profoundly disrupt respiratory-related activity produced by the pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) responsible for inspiratory rhythm generation. Consequently, a sudden and definitive cessation of respiratory-related activity occurs in ZnO NPs-exposed preparations. Part of these effects is related to zinc ions released from NPs. Using brainstem slice preparations containing the preBötC network, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that ZnO NPs depolarize preBötC inspiratory neurons and affect their bioelectrical properties by reducing the amplitude of action potentials, thereby leading to a depression of intra-network activity and the ultimate termination of respiratory rhythmogenesis. These findings support the conclusion that ZnO NPs may have deleterious effects on the central respiratory centers of newborn mammals.
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20
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Piscopo S, Brown ER. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Voltage-Gated Human K v 11.1 Potassium Channels Interact through a Novel Mechanism. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1703403. [PMID: 29479853 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-nanoparticle interactions are important in determining the effects of manufactured nanomaterials on cell physiology and pathology. Here, silica, titanium, zinc, and magnesium oxide nanoparticles are screened against human hERG (Kv 11.1) voltage-gated potassium channels under a whole-cell voltage clamp. 10 µg mL-1 ZnO uniquely increases the amplitude of the steady-state current, decreases the rate of hERG current inactivation during steady-state depolarization, accelerates channel deactivation during resurgent tail currents, and shows no significant alteration of current activation rate or voltage dependence. In contrast, ZnCl2 causes increased current suppression with increasing concentration and fails to replicate the nanoparticle effect on decreasing inactivation. The results show a novel class of nanoparticle-biomembrane interaction involving channel gating rather than channel block, and have implications for the use of nanoparticles in biomedicine, drug delivery applications, and nanotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Piscopo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Euan R Brown
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, William Perkin Building, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
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21
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Węsierska M, Dziendzikowska K, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J, Dudek J, Polkowska-Motrenko H, Audinot JN, Gutleb AC, Lankoff A, Kruszewski M. Silver ions are responsible for memory impairment induced by oral administration of silver nanoparticles. Toxicol Lett 2018; 290:133-144. [PMID: 29578054 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) results in increased human exposure. AgNPs are able to cross brain-blood barrier and are a risk factor for the brain. Thus, we hypothesized that AgNPs exposure might affect hippocampal dependent memory, which required cognitive coordination processes. To verify the assumption, in this study we evaluated the effects of orally administered bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated AgNPs on spatial memory, which engage cognitive coordination processes for on-going stimuli segregation. Rats following 28 days of oral administration with 1 mg/kg (n = 10) or 30 mg/kg (n = 10) BSA-AgNPs or saline, a control groups (n = 10, n = 8), were tested with an active place avoidance task in the Carousel Maze test. The study revealed significant impairment of long- and short-term memory, irrespectively of dose of AgNPs, whereas non-cognitive activity was on a similar level. We found significantly higher content of silver in the hippocampus in comparison to the lateral cortex. No silver was found in the cerebellum and the frontal cortex. The nanoSIMS analysis reveal a weak signal of silver in the hippocampus of AgNPs treated animals that should be attributed to the presence of silver in ionic form rather than AgNPs. Our findings indicate that oral exposure to a low dose AgNPs induces detrimental effect on memory and cognitive coordination processes. The presence of silver ions rather than AgNPs in different brain regions, in particular the hippocampus, suggests crucial role of silver ions in AgNPs-induced impairment of the higher brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Węsierska
- Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - K Dziendzikowska
- Division of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - J Gromadzka-Ostrowska
- Division of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Dudek
- Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Methods, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - H Polkowska-Motrenko
- Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Methods, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J N Audinot
- Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Forneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - A C Gutleb
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Forneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - A Lankoff
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Świetokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - M Kruszewski
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; Department of Medical Biology and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland
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22
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SiO 2 nanoparticles modulate the electrical activity of neuroendocrine cells without exerting genomic effects. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2760. [PMID: 29426889 PMCID: PMC5807366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered silica nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted increasing interest in several applications, and particularly in the field of nanomedicine, thanks to the high biocompatibility of this material. For their optimal and controlled use, the understanding of the mechanisms elicited by their interaction with the biological target is a prerequisite, especially when dealing with cells particularly vulnerable to environmental stimuli like neurons. Here we have combined different electrophysiological approaches (both at the single cell and at the population level) with a genomic screening in order to analyze, in GT1-7 neuroendocrine cells, the impact of SiO2 NPs (50 ± 3 nm in diameter) on electrical activity and gene expression, providing a detailed analysis of the impact of a nanoparticle on neuronal excitability. We find that 20 µg mL−1 NPs induce depolarization of the membrane potential, with a modulation of the firing of action potentials. Recordings of electrical activity with multielectrode arrays provide further evidence that the NPs evoke a temporary increase in firing frequency, without affecting the functional behavior on a time scale of hours. Finally, NPs incubation up to 24 hours does not induce any change in gene expression.
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23
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Lovisolo D, Dionisi M, A. Ruffinatti F, Distasi C. Nanoparticles and potential neurotoxicity: focus on molecular mechanisms. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2018.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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24
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Bryant SL, Eixenberger JE, Rossland S, Apsley H, Hoffmann C, Shrestha N, McHugh M, Punnoose A, Fologea D. ZnO nanoparticles modulate the ionic transport and voltage regulation of lysenin nanochannels. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:90. [PMID: 29246155 PMCID: PMC5732404 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The insufficient understanding of unintended biological impacts from nanomaterials (NMs) represents a serious impediment to their use for scientific, technological, and medical applications. While previous studies have focused on understanding nanotoxicity effects mostly resulting from cellular internalization, recent work indicates that NMs may interfere with transmembrane transport mechanisms, hence enabling contributions to nanotoxicity by affecting key biological activities dependent on transmembrane transport. In this line of inquiry, we investigated the effects of charged nanoparticles (NPs) on the transport properties of lysenin, a pore-forming toxin that shares fundamental features with ion channels such as regulation and high transport rate. Results The macroscopic conductance of lysenin channels greatly diminished in the presence of cationic ZnO NPs. The inhibitory effects were asymmetrical relative to the direction of the electric field and addition site, suggesting electrostatic interactions between ZnO NPs and a binding site. Similar changes in the macroscopic conductance were observed when lysenin channels were reconstituted in neutral lipid membranes, implicating protein-NP interactions as the major contributor to the reduced transport capabilities. In contrast, no inhibitory effects were observed in the presence of anionic SnO2 NPs. Additionally, we demonstrate that inhibition of ion transport is not due to the dissolution of ZnO NPs and subsequent interactions of zinc ions with lysenin channels. Conclusion We conclude that electrostatic interactions between positively charged ZnO NPs and negative charges within the lysenin channels are responsible for the inhibitory effects on the transport of ions. These interactions point to a potential mechanism of cytotoxicity, which may not require NP internalization. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-017-0327-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheenah L Bryant
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.,Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Josh E Eixenberger
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.,Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Steven Rossland
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Holly Apsley
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.,Department of Social Sciences, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, 138610, Singapore
| | - Connor Hoffmann
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Nisha Shrestha
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.,Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Michael McHugh
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Alex Punnoose
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.,Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Daniel Fologea
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA. .,Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.
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25
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Fusi F, Sgaragli G, Valoti M. Gold nanoparticles potentiate Ca V channel currents in rat tail artery myocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 47:89-93. [PMID: 29158021 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to unveil effects of 5-nm sized, polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on vascular CaV1.2 and CaV3.1 channels. Ba2+ currents through both channels (IBa1.2 and IBa3.1) were recorded in single myocytes isolated from the rat tail main artery by means of the whole-cell patch-clamp method. AuNPs increased IBa1.2 and IBa3.1 amplitude in a concentration- and Vh-dependent manner. Neither the voltage dependence of inactivation and activation curves nor inactivation and activation kinetics were affected by AuNPs. In conclusion, these findings warrant further investigation to clarify whether different types of NPs possess the same stimulatory activity and may represent a toxic hazard to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Fusi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Giampietro Sgaragli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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26
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Lin CX, Yang SY, Gu JL, Meng J, Xu HY, Cao JM. The acute toxic effects of silver nanoparticles on myocardial transmembrane potential, I Na and I K1 channels and heart rhythm in mice. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:827-837. [PMID: 28830271 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1367047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the potential toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on cardiac electrophysiology which is rarely investigated. We found that AgNPs (10-9-10-6 g/ml) concentration-dependently depolarized the resting potential, diminished the action potential, and finally led to loss of excitability in mice cardiac papillary muscle cells in vitro. In cultured neonatal mice cardiomyocytes, AgNPs (10-9-10-7 g/ml) concentration-dependently decreased the Na+ currents (INa), accelerated the activation, and delayed the inactivation and recovery of Na+ channels from inactivation within 5 min. AgNPs at 10-8 g/ml also rapidly decreased the inwardly rectifying K+ currents (IK1) and delayed the activation of IK1 channels. Intravenous injection of AgNPs at 3 mg/kg only decreased the heart rate, while at ≥4 mg/kg sequentially induced sinus bradycardia, complete atrio-ventricular conduction block, and cardiac asystole. AgNPs at 10-10-10-6 g/ml did not increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and only at 10-6 g/ml mildly induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in the cardiomyocytes within 5 min. Endocytosis of AgNPs by cardiomyocytes was not observed within 5 min, but was observed 1 h after exposing to AgNPs. Comparative Ag+ (≤0.02% of the AgNPs) could not induce above toxicities. We conclude that AgNPs exert rapid toxic effects on myocardial electrophysiology and induce lethal bradyarrhythmias. These acute toxicities are likely due to direct effects of AgNPs on ion channels at the nano-scale level, but not caused by Ag+, ROS, and membrane injury. These findings provide warning to the nanomedical practice using AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Xia Lin
- a Department of Physiology , Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Su-Yu Yang
- a Department of Physiology , Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Jing-Li Gu
- a Department of Physiology , Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Jie Meng
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering , Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Hai-Yan Xu
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering , Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Ji-Min Cao
- a Department of Physiology , Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China.,c Department of Physiology , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , China
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27
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Nano-ophthalmology: Applications and considerations. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1459-1472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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28
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Sheida E, Sipailova O, Miroshnikov S, Sizova E, Lebedev S, Rusakova E, Notova S. The effect of iron nanoparticles on performance of cognitive tasks in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:8700-8710. [PMID: 28210948 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8531-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To assess the influence of 62.5 ± 0.6 nm iron nanoparticles on the status of central nervous system, a study was conducted on Wistar rats, which were subjected to abdominal injection of the studied nanoparticles at doses of 2 and 14 mg/kg. Based on the analysis of the structural and functional status of the cerebral cortex of rats, behavioral reactions of animals, and the elemental composition of the cerebral cortex, we investigated the nanoparticles' neurotoxic effect, whose degree and nature varied depending on the dosage and the time elapsed after the injection. We identified pathological changes in motor and somatosensory areas of the rats' cerebral cortex and established pronounced changes in the elemental homeostasis of the animals' cerebral cortex in experimental groups. Identified structural changes were accompanied by an increase in exploratory activity, locomotor activity, and emotional status of the animals. At that, these activities were more pronounced in rats, which were administered iron nanoparticles at a dose of 14 mg/kg. By the end of the experiment, the excitation processes prevailed over the inhibition processes that have led to the inhibition of central nervous system activity in experimental animals against the adaptation to stress in rats of the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergei Miroshnikov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "All-Russian Research Institute of Beef Cattle Breeding", Orenburg, Russia
| | - Elena Sizova
- Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "All-Russian Research Institute of Beef Cattle Breeding", Orenburg, Russia
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Wani IA, Ahmad T. Understanding Toxicity of Nanomaterials in Biological Systems. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-1762-7.ch057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a growing applied science having considerable global socioeconomic value. Nanoscale materials are casting their impact on almost all industries and all areas of society. A wide range of engineered nanoscale products has emerged with widespread applications in fields such as energy, medicine, electronics, plastics, energy and aerospace etc. While the market for nanotechnology products will have grown over one trillion US dollars by 2015, the presence of these material is likely to increase leading to increasing likelihood of exposure. The direct use of nanomaterials in humans for medical and cosmetic purposes dictates vigorous safety assessment of toxicity. Therefore this book chapter provides the detailed toxicity assessment of various types of nanomaterials.
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Sabat D, Patnaik A, Ekka B, Dash P, Mishra M. Investigation of titania nanoparticles on behaviour and mechanosensory organ of Drosophila melanogaster. Physiol Behav 2016; 167:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Fatemi Tabatabaie SR, Mehdiabadi B, Moori Bakhtiari N, Tabandeh MR. Silver nanoparticle exposure in pregnant rats increases gene expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and monoamine oxidase in offspring brain. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 40:440-447. [PMID: 27884068 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2016.1255952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Maternal exposure to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) affects neurobehavioral reflexes and spatial memory formation in offspring. Although the transmission of AgNPs into the brain has been reported, its toxic effect on dopamine metabolism in the brain of offspring has not been studied so far. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) genes in the brain of offspring exposed in utero to various concentrations of AgNPs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Time mated pregnant adult rats were assigned into three groups including control, low dose of AgNPs (0.2 mg/kg) and high dose of AgNPs (2 mg/kg). AgNPs were subcutaneously (SC) injected at days of 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19 of pregnancy. Gene expression of TH and MAO-A was analyzed in the brain of offspring (male and female) at days of 1, 7, 14 and 21 after birth. RESULTS Administration of AgNPs to pregnant rats in a time- and dose-dependent manner increased the expression levels of TH in the brain of male and female pups at all tested days after birth (p < 0.05). AgNPs had stimulatory effect on MAO-A mRNA expression in pups only at the age of 7 and 14. Female pups showed the higher level of TH and MAO-A compared to that in male pups (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Results obtained here demonstrated that the exposure of pregnant rats to AgNPs increases the expression of genes involved in dopamine metabolism in the brain of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Babak Mehdiabadi
- a Department of Physiology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Ahvaz , Iran
| | - Naghmeh Moori Bakhtiari
- b Department of Phatibiology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Ahvaz , Iran , and
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Ahvaz , Iran
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Begum AN, Aguilar JS, Elias L, Hong Y. Silver nanoparticles exhibit coating and dose-dependent neurotoxicity in glutamatergic neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells. Neurotoxicology 2016; 57:45-53. [PMID: 27593553 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used extensively as anti-microbial agents in various products, but little is known about their potential neurotoxic effects. In this study, we used glutamatergic neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells as a cellular model to study 20nm citrate-coated AgNPs (AgSCs) and Polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated AgNPs (AgSPs) induced neurotoxicity. AgSCs significantly damaged neurite outgrowths; increased the production of reactive oxygen species and Ca2+ influxes; reduced the expression of MAP2, PSD95, vGlut1 and NMDA receptor proteins at concentrations as low as 0.1μg/ml. In contrast, AgSPs exhibited neurotoxicity only at higher concentration. Furthermore, our results showed that AgSCs induced glutamate excitotoxicity by the activation of calmodulin and the induction of nitric oxide synthase; increased the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 α/β at Tyr216 and Tau at Ser396 and reduced the expression of Tau46, which are typically observed in Alzheimer's disease. This study indicated that stem cells can provide an excellent platform for studying nanoparticle induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynun N Begum
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA
| | - Jose S Aguilar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA
| | - Lourdes Elias
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA
| | - Yiling Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA; Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA.
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Strickland JD, LeFew WR, Crooks J, Hall D, Ortenzio JN, Dreher K, Shafer TJ. In vitro screening of silver nanoparticles and ionic silver using neural networks yields differential effects on spontaneous activity and pharmacological responses. Toxicology 2016; 355-356:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Development and Implementation of a Micro-electric Discharge Machine: Real-Time Monitoring System of Fabrication of Nanosilver Colloid. J CLUST SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-016-0985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Park EJ, Kim SW, Yoon C, Kim Y, Kim JS. Disturbance of ion environment and immune regulation following biodistribution of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles injected intravenously. Toxicol Lett 2015; 243:67-77. [PMID: 26687879 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although it is expected that accumulation of metal oxide nanoparticles that can induce redox reaction in the biological system may influence ion homeostasis and immune regulation through generation of free radicals, the relationship is still unclear. In this study, mice received magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (M-FeNPs, 2 and 4 mg/kg) a single via the tail vein, and their distribution in tissues was investigated over time (1, 4, and 13 weeks). In addition, we evaluated the effects on homeostasis of redox reaction-related elements, the ion environment and immune regulation. The iron level in tissues reached at the maximum on 4 weeks after injection and M-FeNPs the most distributed in the spleen at 13 weeks. Additionally, levels of redox reaction-related elements in tissues were notably altered since 1 week post-injection. While levels of K(+) and Na(+) in tissue tended to decrease with time, Ca(2+) levels reached to the maximum at 4 weeks post-injection. On 13 weeks post-injection, the increased percentages of neutrophils and eosinophils, the enhanced release of LDH, and the elevated secretion of IL-8 and IL-6 were clearly observed in the blood of M-FeNP-treated mice compared to the control. While expression of antigen presentation related-proteins and the maturation of dendritic cells were markedly inhibited following distribution of M-FeNPs, the expression of several chemokines, including CXCR2, CCR5, and CD123, was enhanced on the splenocytes of the treated groups. Taken together, we suggest that accumulation of M-FeNPs may induce adverse health effects by disturbing homeostasis of the immune regulation and ion environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- Myunggok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, South Korea.
| | - Sang-Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - Cheolho Yoon
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 126-16, South Korea
| | - Younghun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, South Korea
| | - Jong Sung Kim
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Tabatabaei SRF, Moshrefi M, Askaripour M. Prenatal Exposure to Silver Nanoparticles Causes Depression Like Responses in Mice. Indian J Pharm Sci 2015; 77:681-6. [PMID: 26997695 PMCID: PMC4778227 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.174983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing studies on silver nanoparticles, their mechanism of action is not so clear, especially their probable toxicity on reproduction procedure, developmental process and offspring behavior. Therefore in the present study the effect of silver nanoparticles exposure during gestational period on offspring's depression behavior was assessed. Thirty virgin female mice were divided into three groups (n=10 for each group) including: one control and two experimental groups, which received an equal volume (0.2 ml) of suspension containing 0, 0.2 and 2 mg/kg of silver nanoparticles, respectively. After mating, the suspension was injected and repeated every 3 days till accouchement. Depression behaviors were assessed by tail suspension test and forced swimming test, in 45-day-old male and female progenies (6 groups, n=10). In males, both dose of silver nanoparticles (0.2 and 2 mg/kg) decreased mobility and increased immobility time in forced swimming test (P<0.05), but in female no effects were observed in mobility and immobility time. In tail suspension test, 2 mg/kg of silver nanoparticles lead to decrease of mobility time (P<0.05) and increase of immobility time (P<0.05) in female offspring but in males no significant effect was observed on mobility and immobility time. We may concluded that the prenatal exposure to silver nanoparticles probably cause gender-specific depression like behaviors in offspring, possibly through neurotoxic effect during neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. R. F. Tabatabaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M. Moshrefi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - M. Askaripour
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Ghaderi S, Tabatabaei SRF, Varzi HN, Rashno M. Induced adverse effects of prenatal exposure to silver nanoparticles on neurobehavioral development of offspring of mice. J Toxicol Sci 2015; 40:263-75. [PMID: 25786530 DOI: 10.2131/jts.40.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Steadily increased use of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), has increased the amount of its exposure to humans and animals. Current scarce knowledge about the influences of prenatal exposure to Ag-NPs on postnatal outcomes, motivated us to investigate whether being exposed to it during pregnancy has any effects on neurobehavioral development of the adult offspring. Thirty virgin female NMRI mice were mated and treated subcutaneously once every three days from gestation day 3 until delivery, by 0, 0.2 and 2 mg/kg of bodyweight (BW) of Ag-NPs. Behavioral functions of adult offspring including spatial memory, passive avoidance learning, stress, anxiety-like behaviors and locomotor activities were assessed by commonly used neurobehavioral paradigms and the results were compared according to treatment and sex. Prenatal exposure to Ag-NPs significantly impaired their cognitive behavior in the Morris water maze. Although no evidence was observed indicating more anxiety-like behaviors in the treated offspring in the elevated plus maze, the number of defecations and leanings in the open field assay and number of passages in the light-dark box were greater in groups prenatally treated by Ag-NPs. Most of the impairments were more apparent in the offspring which had been prenatally exposed to high doses of Ag-NPs, particularly female ones. The present study indicated that the exposure of pregnant animals to Ag-NPs may lead to various neurobehavioral disorders in their offspring. Thus, more attention should be paid to avoid exposure to Ag-NPs, especially from pregnant females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Ghaderi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
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Han JW, Jeong JK, Gurunathan S, Choi YJ, Das J, Kwon DN, Cho SG, Park C, Seo HG, Park JK, Kim JH. Male- and female-derived somatic and germ cell-specific toxicity of silver nanoparticles in mouse. Nanotoxicology 2015; 10:361-73. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1073396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woong Han
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea and
| | - Jae-Kyo Jeong
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea and
| | | | - Yun-Jung Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea and
| | - Joydeep Das
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea and
| | - Deug-Nam Kwon
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea and
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea and
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea and
| | - Han Geuk Seo
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea and
| | - Jin-Ki Park
- Department of Swine & Poultry Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea and
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Berry BJ, Akanda N, Smith AST, Long CJ, Schnepper MT, Guo X, Hickman JJ. Morphological and functional characterization of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons (iCell Neurons) in defined culture systems. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:1613-22. [PMID: 26317319 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pre-clinical testing of drug candidates in animal models is expensive, time-consuming, and often fails to predict drug effects in humans. Industry and academia alike are working to build human-based in vitro test beds and advanced high throughput screening systems to improve the translation of preclinical results to human drug trials. Human neurons derived from induced pluripotent stems cells (hiPSCs) are readily available for use within these test-beds and high throughput screens, but there remains a need to robustly evaluate cellular behavior prior to their incorporation in such systems. This study reports on the characterization of one source of commercially available hiPSC-derived neurons, iCell(®) Neurons, for their long-term viability and functional performance to assess their suitability for integration within advanced in vitro platforms. The purity, morphology, survival, identity, and functional maturation of the cells utilizing different culture substrates and medium combinations were evaluated over 28 days in vitro (DIV). Patch-clamp electrophysiological data demonstrated increased capacity for repetitive firing of action potentials across all culture conditions. Significant differences in cellular maturity, morphology, and functional performance were observed in the different conditions, highlighting the importance of evaluating different surface types and growth medium compositions for application in specific in vitro protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie J Berry
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL, 32826
| | - Nesar Akanda
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL, 32826
| | - Alec S T Smith
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL, 32826
| | - Christopher J Long
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL, 32826
| | - Mark T Schnepper
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL, 32826
| | - Xiufang Guo
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL, 32826
| | - James J Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL, 32826
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40
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Polak P, Shefi O. Nanometric agents in the service of neuroscience: Manipulation of neuronal growth and activity using nanoparticles. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:1467-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Feng X, Chen A, Zhang Y, Wang J, Shao L, Wei L. Application of dental nanomaterials: potential toxicity to the central nervous system. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:3547-65. [PMID: 25999717 PMCID: PMC4437601 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s79892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials are defined as materials with one or more external dimensions with a size of 1-100 nm. Such materials possess typical nanostructure-dependent properties (eg, chemical, biological, optical, mechanical, and magnetic), which may differ greatly from the properties of their bulk counterparts. In recent years, nanomaterials have been widely used in the production of dental materials, particularly in light polymerization composite resins and bonding systems, coating materials for dental implants, bioceramics, endodontic sealers, and mouthwashes. However, the dental applications of nanomaterials yield not only a significant improvement in clinical treatments but also growing concerns regarding their biosecurity. The brain is well protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which separates the blood from the cerebral parenchyma. However, in recent years, many studies have found that nanoparticles (NPs), including nanocarriers, can transport through the BBB and locate in the central nervous system (CNS). Because the CNS may be a potential target organ of the nanomaterials, it is essential to determine the neurotoxic effects of NPs. In this review, possible dental nanomaterials and their pathways into the CNS are discussed, as well as related neurotoxicity effects underlying the in vitro and in vivo studies. Finally, we analyze the limitations of the current testing methods on the toxicological effects of nanomaterials. This review contributes to a better understanding of the nano-related risks to the CNS as well as the further development of safety assessment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Feng
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijie Chen
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Wei
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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Demin VA, Gmoshinsky IV, Demin VF, Anciferova AA, Buzulukov YP, Khotimchenko SA, Tutelyan VA. Modeling interorgan distribution and bioaccumulation of engineered nanoparticles (using the example of silver nanoparticles). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995078015020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Silver and gold nanoparticles exposure to in vitro cultured retina--studies on nanoparticle internalization, apoptosis, oxidative stress, glial- and microglial activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105359. [PMID: 25144684 PMCID: PMC4140780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex network of neuronal cells in the retina makes it a potential target of neuronal toxicity – a risk factor for visual loss. With growing use of nanoparticles (NPs) in commercial and medical applications, including ophthalmology, there is a need for reliable models for early prediction of NP toxicity in the eye and retina. Metal NPs, such as gold and silver, gain much of attention in the ophthalmology community due to their potential to cross the barriers of the eye. Here, NP uptake and signs of toxicity were investigated after exposure to 20 and 80 nm Ag- and AuNPs, using an in vitro tissue culture model of the mouse retina. The model offers long-term preservation of retinal cell types, numbers and morphology and is a controlled system for delivery of NPs, using serum-free defined culture medium. AgNO3-treatment was used as control for toxicity caused by silver ions. These end-points were studied; gross morphological organization, glial activity, microglial activity, level of apoptosis and oxidative stress, which are all well described as signs of insult to neural tissue. TEM analysis demonstrated cellular- and nuclear uptake of all NP types in all neuronal layers of the retina. Htx-eosin staining showed morphological disruption of the normal complex layered retinal structure, vacuole formation and pyknotic cells after exposure to all Ag- and AuNPs. Significantly higher numbers of apoptotic cells as well as an increased number of oxidative stressed cells demonstrated NP-related neuronal toxicity. NPs also caused increased glial staining and microglial cell activation, typical hallmarks of neural tissue insult. This study demonstrates that low concentrations of 20 and 80 nm sized Ag- and AuNPs have adverse effects on the retina, using an organotypic retina culture model. Our results motivate careful assessment of candidate NP, metallic or-non-metallic, to be used in neural systems for therapeutic approaches.
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Silver nanoparticles induce apoptotic cell death in cultured cerebral cortical neurons. Mol Cell Toxicol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-014-0019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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45
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NMDA receptors and L-type voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels mediate the expression of bidirectional homeostatic intrinsic plasticity in cultured hippocampal neurons. Neuroscience 2014; 277:610-23. [PMID: 25086314 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Homeostatic plasticity is engaged when neurons need to stabilize their synaptic strength and excitability in response to acute or prolonged destabilizing changes in global activity. Compared to the extensive studies investigating the molecular mechanisms for homeostatic synaptic plasticity, the mechanism underlying homeostatic intrinsic plasticity is largely unknown. Through whole-cell patch-clamp recording in low-density cultures of dissociated hippocampal neurons, we demonstrate here that prolonged activity blockade induced by the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX) leads to increased action potential firing rates. Conversely, prolonged activity enhancement induced by the A-type gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonist bicuculline (BC) results in decreased firing rates. Prolonged activity enhancement also enhanced potassium (K(+)) current through Kv1 channels, suggesting that changes in K(+) current, in part, mediate stabilization of hippocampal neuronal excitability upon prolonged activity elevation. In contrast to the previous reports showing that L-type voltage-gated calcium (Ca(2+)) channels solely mediate homeostatic regulation of excitatory synaptic strength (Ibata et al., 2008; Goold and Nicoll, 2010), inhibition of N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors alone mimics the elevation in firing frequency driven by prolonged TTX application, while the decrease in firing rates induced by prolonged BC treatment involves the activity of NMDA receptors and L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels. These results collectively provide strong evidence that alterations in Ca(2+) influx through NMDA receptors and L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels mediate homeostatic intrinsic plasticity in hippocampal neurons in response to prolonged activity changes.
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Orlandin A, Formaggio F, Toffoletti A, Peggion C. Cotton functionalized with peptides: characterization and synthetic methods. J Pept Sci 2014; 20:547-53. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Orlandin
- ICB, Padova Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- ICB, Padova Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Antonio Toffoletti
- ICB, Padova Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Cristina Peggion
- ICB, Padova Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
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Buzulukov YP, Arianova EA, Demin VF, Safenkova IV, Gmoshinski IV, Tutelyan VA. Bioaccumulation of silver and gold nanoparticles in organs and tissues of rats studied by neutron activation analysis. BIOL BULL+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359014030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Cupaioli FA, Zucca FA, Boraschi D, Zecca L. Engineered nanoparticles. How brain friendly is this new guest? Prog Neurobiol 2014; 119-120:20-38. [PMID: 24820405 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the last 30 years, the use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) has progressively increased in many industrial and medical applications. In therapy, NPs may allow more effective cellular and subcellular targeting of drugs. In diagnostic applications, quantum dots are exploited for their optical characteristics, while superparamagnetic iron oxides NPs are used in magnetic resonance imaging. NPs are used in semiconductors, packaging, textiles, solar cells, batteries and plastic materials. Despite the great progress in nanotechnologies, comparatively little is known to date on the effects that exposure to NPs may have on the human body, in general and specifically on the brain. NPs can enter the human body through skin, digestive tract, airways and blood and they may cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the central nervous system. In addition to the paucity of studies describing NP effects on brain function, some of them also suffer of insufficient NPs characterization, inadequate standardization of conditions and lack of contaminant evaluation, so that results from different studies can hardly be compared. It has been shown in vitro and in vivo in rodents that NPs can impair dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems. Changes of neuronal morphology and neuronal death were reported in mice treated with NPs. NPs can also affect the respiratory chain of mitochondria and Bax protein levels, thereby causing apoptosis. Changes in expression of genes involved in redox pathways in mouse brain regions were described. NPs can induce autophagy, and accumulate in lysosomes impairing their degradation capacity. Cytoskeleton and vesicle trafficking may also be affected. NPs treated animals showed neuroinflammation with microglia activation, which could induce neurodegeneration. Considering the available data, it is important to design adequate models and experimental systems to evaluate in a reliable and controlled fashion the effects of NPs on the brain, and generate data representative of effects on the human brain, thereby useful for developing robust and valid nanosafety standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca A Cupaioli
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio A Zucca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Diana Boraschi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Unit of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Zecca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
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Zhang Y, He JC, Liu XK, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yu T. Assessment of the effect of etomidate on voltage-gated sodium channels and action potentials in rat primary sensory cortex pyramidal neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 736:55-62. [PMID: 24791681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although it is known that general anesthetics can suppress cortical neurons׳ activity, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood, especially the kinetic changes of voltage-gated Na(+) channels, which are mostly related to neuronal excitability. Some general anesthetics have been reported to affect the voltage-gated Na(+) channels in cell culture derived from humans and animals. However no one has ever investigated the effects of etomidate on voltage-gated Na(+) channels in pyramidal neurons using a brain slice. The present study uses a whole cell patch-clamp technique to investigate the changes of voltage-gated Na(+) channels on primary somatosensory cortex pyramidal neurons under the influence of etomidate. We found that etomidate dose-dependently inhibited Na(+) currents of primary somatosensory cortex pyramidal neurons, while shifted the steady-state inactivation curve towards the left and prolonged the recovery time from inactivation. Conversely, etomidate has no effects on the steady-state activation curve. We demonstrated the detailed suppression process of neural voltage-gated Na(+) channels by etomidate on slice condition. This may offer new insights into the mechanical explanation for the etomidate anesthesia. Finding the effects of anesthetics on primary somatosensory cortex also provides evidence to help elucidate the potential mechanism by which tactile information integrates during general anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiong-ce He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xing-kui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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50
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Jung S, Bang M, Kim BS, Lee S, Kotov NA, Kim B, Jeon D. Intracellular gold nanoparticles increase neuronal excitability and aggravate seizure activity in the mouse brain. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91360. [PMID: 24625829 PMCID: PMC3953378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their inert property, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have drawn considerable attention; their biological application has recently expanded to include nanomedicine and neuroscience. However, the effect of AuNPs on the bioelectrical properties of a single neuron remains unknown. Here we present the effect of AuNPs on a single neuron under physiological and pathological conditions in vitro. AuNPs were intracellularly applied to hippocampal CA1 neurons from the mouse brain. The electrophysiological property of CA1 neurons treated with 5- or 40-nm AuNPs was assessed using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Intracellular application of AuNPs increased both the number of action potentials (APs) and input resistance. The threshold and duration of APs and the after hyperpolarization (AHP) were decreased by the intracellular AuNPs. In addition, intracellular AuNPs elicited paroxysmal depolarizing shift-like firing patterns during sustained repetitive firings (SRF) induced by prolonged depolarization (10 sec). Furthermore, low Mg2+-induced epileptiform activity was aggravated by the intracellular AuNPs. In this study, we demonstrated that intracellular AuNPs alter the intrinsic properties of neurons toward increasing their excitability, and may have deleterious effects on neurons under pathological conditions, such as seizure. These results provide some considerable direction on application of AuNPs into central nervous system (CNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmoon Jung
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Bang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science, Technology, and Research, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nicholas A. Kotov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Bongsoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Daejong Jeon
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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