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Pan W, Zhao J, Wu J, Xu D, Meng X, Jiang P, Shi H, Ge X, Yang X, Hu M, Zhang P, Tang R, Nagaratnam N, Zheng K, Huang XF, Yu Y. Dimethyl itaconate ameliorates cognitive impairment induced by a high-fat diet via the gut-brain axis in mice. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:30. [PMID: 36810115 PMCID: PMC9942412 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01471-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut homeostasis, including intestinal immunity and microbiome, is essential for cognitive function via the gut-brain axis. This axis is altered in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced cognitive impairment and is closely associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Dimethyl itaconate (DI) is an itaconate derivative and has recently attracted extensive interest due to its anti-inflammatory effect. This study investigated whether intraperitoneal administration of DI improves the gut-brain axis and prevents cognitive deficits in HF diet-fed mice. RESULTS DI effectively attenuated HFD-induced cognitive decline in behavioral tests of object location, novel object recognition, and nesting building, concurrent with the improvement of hippocampal RNA transcription profiles of genes associated with cognition and synaptic plasticity. In agreement, DI reduced the damage of synaptic ultrastructure and deficit of proteins (BDNF, SYN, and PSD95), the microglial activation, and neuroinflammation in the HFD-fed mice. In the colon, DI significantly lowered macrophage infiltration and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) in mice on the HF diet, while upregulating the expression of immune homeostasis-related cytokines (IL-22, IL-23) and antimicrobial peptide Reg3γ. Moreover, DI alleviated HFD-induced gut barrier impairments, including elevation of colonic mucus thickness and expression of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1, occludin). Notably, HFD-induced microbiome alteration was improved by DI supplementation, characterized by the increase of propionate- and butyrate-producing bacteria. Correspondingly, DI increased the levels of propionate and butyrate in the serum of HFD mice. Intriguingly, fecal microbiome transplantation from DI-treated HF mice facilitated cognitive variables compared with HF mice, including higher cognitive indexes in behavior tests and optimization of hippocampal synaptic ultrastructure. These results highlight the gut microbiota is necessary for the effects of DI in improving cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides the first evidence that DI improves cognition and brain function with significant beneficial effects via the gut-brain axis, suggesting that DI may serve as a novel drug for treating obesity-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinxiu Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daxiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianran Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongli Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minmin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nathan Nagaratnam
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI) and School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI) and School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Yinghua Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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Interactions of dopamine, iron, and alpha-synuclein linked to dopaminergic neuron vulnerability in Parkinson's disease and neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 175:105920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Fathi M, Vakili K, Yaghoobpoor S, Qadirifard MS, Kosari M, Naghsh N, Asgari taei A, Klegeris A, Dehghani M, Bahrami A, Taheri H, Mohamadkhani A, Hajibeygi R, Rezaei Tavirani M, Sayehmiri F. Pre-clinical Studies Identifying Molecular Pathways of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:855776. [PMID: 35912090 PMCID: PMC9327618 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.855776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by neuroinflammation, formation of Lewy bodies, and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain. In this review, we summarize evidence obtained by animal studies demonstrating neuroinflammation as one of the central pathogenetic mechanisms of PD. We also focus on the protein factors that initiate the development of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Our targeted literature search identified 40 pre-clinical in vivo and in vitro studies written in English. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathway is demonstrated as a common mechanism engaged by neurotoxins such as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), as well as the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The α-synuclein protein, which plays a prominent role in PD neuropathology, may also contribute to neuroinflammation by activating mast cells. Meanwhile, 6-OHDA models of PD identify microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) as one of the contributors to neuroinflammatory processes in this model. Immune responses are used by the central nervous system to fight and remove pathogens; however, hyperactivated and prolonged immune responses can lead to a harmful neuroinflammatory state, which is one of the key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Fathi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Vakili
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Yaghoobpoor
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Qadirifard
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nursing, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Kosari
- The First Clinical College, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Navid Naghsh
- Department of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Asgari taei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Mina Dehghani
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ashkan Bahrami
- Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Taheri
- Dental School, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ashraf Mohamadkhani
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramtin Hajibeygi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani
| | - Fatemeh Sayehmiri
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Fatemeh Sayehmiri
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Casanova Y, Negro S, Slowing K, García-García L, Fernández-Carballido A, Rahmani M, Barcia E. Micro- and Nano-Systems Developed for Tolcapone in Parkinson’s Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051080. [PMID: 35631665 PMCID: PMC9143005 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To date there is no cure for Parkinson’s disease (PD), a devastating neurodegenerative disorder with levodopa being the cornerstone of its treatment. In early PD, levodopa provides a smooth clinical response, but after long-term therapy many patients develop motor complications. Tolcapone (TC) is an effective adjunct in the treatment of PD but has a short elimination half-life. In our work, two new controlled delivery systems of TC consisting of biodegradable PLGA 502 (poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide acid) microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) were developed and characterized. Formulations MP-TC4 and NP-TC3 were selected for animal testing. Formulation MP-TC4, prepared with 120 mg TC and 400 mg PLGA 502, exhibited a mean encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 85.13%, and zero-order in vitro release of TC for 30 days, with around 95% of the drug released at this time. Formulation NP-TC3, prepared with 10 mg of TC and 50 mg of PLGA 502, exhibited mean EE of 56.69%, particle size of 182 nm, and controlled the release of TC for 8 days. Daily i.p. (intraperitoneal) doses of rotenone (RT, 2 mg/kg) were given to Wistar rats to induce neurodegeneration. Once established, animals received TC in saline (3 mg/kg/day) or encapsulated within formulations MP-TC4 (amount of MPs equivalent to 3 mg/kg/day TC every 14 days) and NP-TC3 (amount of NPs equivalent to 3 mg/kg/day TC every 3 days). Brain analyses of Nissl-staining, GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), and TH (tyrosine hydroxylase) immunohistochemistry as well as behavioral testing (catalepsy, akinesia, swim test) showed that the best formulation was NP-TC3, which was able to revert PD-like symptoms of neurodegeneration in the animal model assayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaquelyn Casanova
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.C.); (S.N.); (A.F.-C.); (M.R.)
| | - Sofía Negro
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.C.); (S.N.); (A.F.-C.); (M.R.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Karla Slowing
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis García-García
- Brain Mapping Lab, Pluridisciplinary Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Fernández-Carballido
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.C.); (S.N.); (A.F.-C.); (M.R.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mahdieh Rahmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.C.); (S.N.); (A.F.-C.); (M.R.)
| | - Emilia Barcia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.C.); (S.N.); (A.F.-C.); (M.R.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913941741
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1,5-Anhydro-D-fructose Protects against Rotenone-Induced Neuronal Damage In Vitro through Mitochondrial Biogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189941. [PMID: 34576111 PMCID: PMC8466044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial functional abnormalities or quantitative decreases are considered to be one of the most plausible pathogenic mechanisms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Thus, mitochondrial complex inhibitors are often used for the development of experimental PD. In this study, we used rotenone to create in vitro cell models of PD, then used these models to investigate the effects of 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose (1,5-AF), a monosaccharide with protective effects against a range of cytotoxic substances. Subsequently, we investigated the possible mechanisms of these protective effects in PC12 cells. The protection of 1,5-AF against rotenone-induced cytotoxicity was confirmed by increased cell viability and longer dendritic lengths in PC12 and primary neuronal cells. Furthermore, in rotenone-treated PC12 cells, 1,5-AF upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) expression and enhanced its deacetylation, while increasing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. 1,5-AF treatment also increased mitochondrial activity in these cells. Moreover, PGC-1α silencing inhibited the cytoprotective and mitochondrial biogenic effects of 1,5-AF in PC12 cells. Therefore, 1,5-AF may activate PGC-1α through AMPK activation, thus leading to mitochondrial biogenic and cytoprotective effects. Together, our results suggest that 1,5-AF has therapeutic potential for development as a treatment for PD.
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Xu Y, Tang J, Liu C, Zhao C, Cao S, Yu H, Chen Z, Xie M. MicroPET imaging of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 revealed the potentiation of (+)-dihydrotetrabenazine on MPTP-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 96-97:9-18. [PMID: 33647803 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) has been associated with the risk of PD. Genetic reduction of VMAT2 level is reported to increase the vulnerability for dopaminergic neurodegeneration. In this study, by using in vivo microPET imaging with a VMAT2 radioligand [18F]fluoropropyl-(+)-dihydrotetrabenazine ([18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ), we investigated the enhanced role of inhibiting VMAT2 in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons. METHODS The (+)-α-dihydrotetrabenazine ((+)-DTBZ, an inhibitor of VMAT2, 5 mg/kg), or MPTP (low dose (ld): 10 mg/kg, high dose (hd): 30 mg/kg) or both of them were intraperitoneally injected into C57BL/6 mice for 5 or 10 consecutive days. MicroPET imaging with [18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ was performed to test the dopaminergic neuronal integrity. [18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ uptake in striatum was quantified as standardized uptake value (SUV). The pathological changes in the striata and substantia nigra were confirmed by measuring the DA contents and immunohistochemical staining of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). RESULTS In vivo imaging results showed that the striatal SUVs of both DTBZ&MPTPld and MPTPhd groups were substantially declined compared to the baseline. Moreover, the striatal uptakes of [18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ in DTBZ&MPTPld and MPTPhd groups were obviously lower than the control, DTBZ group and MPTPld group. Notably, the decrease of the striatal uptake in the DTBZ&MPTPld/10d group was more serious than the DTBZ&MPTPld/5d group and comparable to the MPTPhd group. Consistently, the ratios of DA metabolites to DA in DTBZ&MPTPld/10d and MPTPhd mice were significantly increased. The correlation analysis showed that SUVs were highly correlated to the striatal dopaminergic fiber density and TH-positive dopaminergic neuron number in the substantia nigra. CONCLUSIONS MicroPET brain imaging with [18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ noninvasively revealed that (+)-DTBZ co-administration significantly aggravated the neurotoxicity of MPTP to dopaminergic neurons, suggesting that inhibition of VMAT2 may be related to the pathogenesis of PD and tracing VMAT2 activity with PET imaging is of potential value in monitoring PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjiao Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China; Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jie Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Chunyi Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Shanshan Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Huixin Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Zhengping Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China.
| | - Minhao Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China; Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Bradner JM, Kalia V, Lau FK, Sharma M, Bucher ML, Johnson M, Chen M, Walker DI, Jones DP, Miller GW. Genetic or Toxicant-Induced Disruption of Vesicular Monoamine Storage and Global Metabolic Profiling in Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicol Sci 2021; 180:313-324. [PMID: 33538833 PMCID: PMC8041460 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper storage and release of monoamines contributes to a wide range of neuronal activity. Here, we examine the effects of altered vesicular monoamine transport in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The gene cat-1 is responsible for the encoding of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) in C. elegans and is analogous to the mammalian vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). Our laboratory has previously shown that reduced VMAT2 activity confers vulnerability on catecholamine neurons in mice. The purpose of this article was to determine whether this function is conserved and to determine the impact of reduced VMAT activity in C. elegans. Here we show that deletion of cat-1/VMAT increases sensitivity to the neurotoxicant 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) as measured by enhanced degeneration of dopamine neurons. Reduced cat-1/VMAT also induces changes in dopamine-mediated behaviors. High-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in the whole organism reveals changes in amino acid metabolism, including tyrosine metabolism in the cat-1/VMAT mutants. Treatment with MPP+ disrupted tryptophan metabolism. Both conditions altered glycerophospholipid metabolism, suggesting a convergent pathway of neuronal dysfunction. Our results demonstrate the evolutionarily conserved nature of monoamine function in C. elegans and further suggest that high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics can be used in this model to study environmental and genetic contributors to complex human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Bradner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Vrinda Kalia
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Fion K Lau
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Monica Sharma
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Meghan L Bucher
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Michelle Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Merry Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Douglas I Walker
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Isolongifolene mitigates rotenone-induced dopamine depletion and motor deficits through anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 112:101890. [PMID: 33220427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Isolongifolene (ILF), a novel tricyclic sesquiterpene compound isolated from the Indian herb Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii), has been previously demonstrated to have a neuroprotective effect against rotenone-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in in vitro model. However, these neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic effects of ILF are not well understood and must be further investigated to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of ILF in animal experiments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of ILF on motor impediments, neurochemical variables, anti-oxidative indices, and apoptotic protein expression in a rotenone-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). PD was induced in male albino Wistar rats via injection of 2.5 mg/kg rotenone for 4 weeks. Rotenone produces PD-like effects by promoting mitochondrial complex I inhibition and microglial activation properties. The protective effect of three different doses of ILF 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg were evaluated for spontaneous locomotion, rotarod performance, and striatal dopamine (DA) content. The results showed that ILF dose-dependently ameliorated the rotenone-induced striatal DA loss and motor impairment from 10 mg/kg. Therefore, we selected 10 mg/kg as the ILF dose for further investigation. Chronic administration of rotenone caused PD-related pathological processes like oxidative stress, and produced a significant decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), DA transporter (DAT), Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), and a significant upregulated in α-synuclein and apoptotic protein expression of Bax, Cyt-C and caspases -3, -8 and -9 as well as by decreasing Bcl2 expression. Treatment with ILF 10 mg/kg mitigated oxidative stress in rotenone-treated rats. Furthermore, ILF dramatically alleviated rotenone-induced toxicity and cell death by increasing TH, DAT and VMAT2 expression and reducing the upregulation of α-synuclein, Bax, Cyt-C, caspases -3, -8 and -9. Together, our results confirm that ILF's protective effect against rotenone-induced PD is mediated through anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. However, further in-depth investigations on ILF's anti-inflammatory and mitochondrial protective abilities are needed to establish ILF as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Benn CL, Dawson LA. Clinically Precedented Protein Kinases: Rationale for Their Use in Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:242. [PMID: 33117143 PMCID: PMC7494159 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinases are an intensively studied drug target class in current pharmacological research as evidenced by the large number of kinase inhibitors being assessed in clinical trials. Kinase-targeted therapies have potential for treatment of a broad array of indications including central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In addition to the many variables which contribute to identification of a successful therapeutic molecule, drug discovery for CNS-related disorders also requires significant consideration of access to the target organ and specifically crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To date, only a small number of kinase inhibitors have been reported that are specifically designed to be BBB permeable, which nonetheless demonstrates the potential for success. This review considers the potential for kinase inhibitors in the context of unmet medical need for neurodegenerative disease. A subset of kinases that have been the focus of clinical investigations over a 10-year period have been identified and discussed individually. For each kinase target, the data underpinning the validity of each in the context of neurodegenerative disease is critically evaluated. Selected molecules for each kinase are identified with information on modality, binding site and CNS penetrance, if known. Current clinical development in neurodegenerative disease are summarized. Collectively, the review indicates that kinase targets with sufficient rationale warrant careful design approaches with an emphasis on improving brain penetrance and selectivity.
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Zeng R, Zhou Q, Zhang W, Fu X, Wu Q, Lu Y, Shi J, Zhou S. Icariin-mediated activation of autophagy confers protective effect on rotenone induced neurotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:637-644. [PMID: 31334034 PMCID: PMC6624214 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotenone (ROT) is an environmental neurotoxin which has been demonstrated to cause characteristic loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). Icariin (ICA) is a flavonoid glucoside isolated from Herba Epimedii that has been shown to display neuroprotective functions. The present study evaluated protective effects of ICA on ROT-induced neurotoxicity and determined the modulation of ICA on the regulation of autophagy in vivo and in vitro. Rats were treated with ROT (1.0 mg/kg/day) with a co-administration of ICA (15 or 30 mg/kg/day) for 5 weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a significant loss in DA neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) of rats treated with ROT, accompanied by an increase in the accumulation of α-synuclein and a compromised mitochondrial respiration. However, co-administration of ICA potently ameliorated the ROT-induced neuronal cell injury and improved mitochondrial function and decreased the accumulation of α-synuclein. ROT treatment resulted in a decrease in the protein expression of LC3-II and Beclin-1, and an increase in the protein level of P62, and upregulated the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), whereas ICA significantly reversed these aberrant changes caused by ROT. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effect of ICA was further verified in PC12 cells. Cells treated with ROT displayed an increased cytotoxicity and a decreased oxygen consumption which were rescued by the presence of ICA. Furthermore, ROT decreased the protein expression level of LC3-II, enhanced Beclin-1 expression, and activated phosphorylation of mTOR, whereas ICA markedly reversed this dysregulation of autophagy caused by ROT in the PC12 cells. Collectively, these results suggest that ICA mediated activation of autophagic flux confers a neuroprotective action on ROT-induced neurotoxicity.
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Key Words
- Autophagy
- BCA, bicinchoninic acid
- DA, dopamine
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- ICA, icariin
- Icariin
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- Mitochondrial function
- Neurotoxicity
- OCR, oxygen consumption rate
- PD, Parkinson`s disease
- PE, phosphatidylethano-lamine
- ROT, rotenone
- Rotenone
- SN, substantia nigra
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zeng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Fu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuanfu Lu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shaoyu Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Department of Environmental Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Bisbal M, Sanchez M. Neurotoxicity of the pesticide rotenone on neuronal polarization: a mechanistic approach. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:762-766. [PMID: 30688258 PMCID: PMC6375050 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.249847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are the most extensive and polarized cells that display a unique single long axon and multiple dendrites, which are compartments exhibiting structural and functional differences. Polarity occurs early in neuronal development and it is maintained by complex subcellular mechanisms throughout cell life. A well-defined and controlled spatio-temporal program of cellular and molecular events strictly regulates the formation of the axon and dendrites from a non-polarized cell. This event is critical for an adequate neuronal wiring and therefore for the normal functioning of the nervous system. Neuronal polarity is very sensitive to the harmful effects of different factors present in the environment. In this regard, rotenone is a crystalline, colorless and odorless isoflavone used as insecticide, piscicide and broad spectrum pesticide commonly used earlier in agriculture. In the present review we will summarize the toxicity mechanism caused by this pesticide in different neuronal cell types, focusing on a particular biological mechanism whereby rotenone could impair neuronal polarization in cultured hippocampal neurons. Recent advances suggest that the inhibition of axonogenesis produced by rotenone could be related with its effect on microtubule dynamics, the actin cytoskeleton and their regulatory pathways, particularly affecting the small RhoGTPase RhoA. Unveiling the mechanism by which rotenone produces neurotoxicity will be instrumental to understand the cellular mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases influenced by this environmental pollutant, which may lead to research focused on the design of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Bisbal
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Instituto Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET); Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mónica Sanchez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Instituto Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET); Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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12
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Sur M, Dey P, Sarkar A, Bar S, Banerjee D, Bhat S, Mukherjee P. Sarm1 induction and accompanying inflammatory response mediates age-dependent susceptibility to rotenone-induced neurotoxicity. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:114. [PMID: 30564462 PMCID: PMC6289984 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process and environmental risk factors like pesticide exposure have been implicated in the increased incidence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s disease (PD) but the etiology remains unknown. There is also lack of a proper animal model system to study the progressive effect of these environmental toxins on age-associated neurodegeneration. In this study, we established a drosophila model of aging to study the age-dependent vulnerability to the environmental toxin rotenone that has been implicated in sporadic cases of PD. We demonstrate that age plays a determining role in the increased susceptibility to chronic rotenone exposure that is accompanied by severe locomotor deficits, decreased lifespan and loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Chronic low dose exposure to rotenone results in the rapid induction of the neurodegenerative molecule SARM1/dSarm. Further, the age-dependent dSarm induction is accompanied by a heightened inflammatory response (increased expression of Eiger and Relish) that is independent of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the observed rotenone-induced neurotoxicity. dSarm induction and subsequent locomotor deficits is reversed in the presence of the anti-inflammatory molecule resveratrol. Thus, dSarm and heightened inflammatory responses may play a crucial role in age-dependent vulnerability to the pesticide rotenone thus making it an attractive target to help develop cost-effective therapeutic strategies to prevent ongoing dopaminergic neuronal loss as seen in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malinki Sur
- 1Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata, 700073 West Bengal India
| | - Puja Dey
- 1Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata, 700073 West Bengal India
| | - Ankita Sarkar
- 1Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata, 700073 West Bengal India
| | - Sudipta Bar
- 2Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 West Bengal India
| | - Dipanjana Banerjee
- 1Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata, 700073 West Bengal India
| | - Swati Bhat
- 1Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata, 700073 West Bengal India
| | - Piyali Mukherjee
- 1Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata, 700073 West Bengal India
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Ye Q, Yuan X, Zhou J, Yuan C, Yang X. Effect of Zishenpingchan granule prepared from Chinese medicinal substances on the c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase pathway in mice
with Parkinson's disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018; 37:244-51. [PMID: 29960635 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(17)30051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the regulatory mechanism of the c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK)
signaling pathway in substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons inflammation and apoptosis, and
the neuroprotective effect of Zishenpingchan granules in mice with Parkinson's disease (PD) induced
by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). METHODS PD model mice were established by intraperitoneally injecting MPTP. Sixty mice were divided
into a model group, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) group and control group. The mice of
the TCM group were administered Zishenpingchan granules 7 days before PD induction. Seven days after
PD induction, we examined locomotor activity, and performed the rotarod test and swimming test,
to evaluate limb movement function. Furthermore, we used immunohistochemistry and western blotting
to examine the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), caspase-3 and
p-JNK. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method
was used to examine neuron apoptosis in the SN. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the mean score of locomotor activity, rotarod test and
swimming test was significantly lower in the model group (P < 0.05); the TH-positive neuron expression
was significantly decreased in the SN pars compacta (SNpc); the protein expression levels of Cox-2,
caspase-3 and p-JNK was obviously increased; and the number of TUNEL-positive neurons in the SN
was increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the mean score of neurobehavioral tests in
the TCM group was obviously higher, the loss of TH-positive neurons ignificantly decreased, the protein
expression levels of Cox-2, caspase-3 and p-JNK obviously decreased, and the number of TUNEL-
positive neurons in the SN clearly decreased (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The JNK pathway plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation and
apoptosis in nigral cells in PD mice. TCM can suppress the over-activation of the JNK pathway in the
SN, and alleviate the inflammatory response in nigral cells and dopaminergic neuron apoptosis in PD mice.
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14
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Li X, Yu J, Li J, Wu Y, Li B. Dopaminergic Dysfunction in Mammalian Dopamine Neurons Induced by Simazine Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112404. [PMID: 29137186 PMCID: PMC5713372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that the pollutant simazine (6-chloro-N,N′-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), which has been overused, inhibits the proliferation of mammalian dopaminergic cells, and affects the developmental differentiation of mammalian dopaminergic neurons. However, few studies have shown the effects of simazine on dopaminergic metabolism in these cells. Therefore, we aim to examine the metabolic effects of simazine exposure in mouse dopaminergic progenitor neurons (MN9D) at different exposure times. The cells were treated with simazine at 0, 150, 300 and 600 µM for 12, 24 and 48 h, respectively. The content of dopamine in these cells was then examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting were performed to analyze the mRNA and protein expression of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), tyrosine hydroxylase (DYT5b), dopamine transporter (DAT), monoamine vesicular transporter 2 (VMAT2), monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT). The results showed that simazine influenced the metabolism of dopamine and led to a decrease in dopamine level in these cells which may eventually lead to neurological disorders of the dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Li
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Jianan Li
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Yanping Wu
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Baixiang Li
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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15
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Li X, Yu J, Wu Y, Li B. Effect on the dopaminergic metabolism induced by oral exposure to simazine during the prepubertal period in rats. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:421-429. [PMID: 29115391 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The herbicide simazine is widely used in agricultural and non-agricultural fields. Studies have shown that simazine inhibits the proliferation of dopaminergic cells and affects the developmental differentiation of dopamine neurons. However, little is known about the effects of simazine on dopaminergic metabolism. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of simazine on Sprague‑Dawley (SD) rats from weaning to puberty (40 days exposure). Simazine was administered orally to SD rats at doses of 0, 12.5, 50 and 200 mg/kg body weight. The contents of dopamine (DA), levodopa, dihydroxy-phenyl-acetic acid and homovanillic acid in the striatum were then examined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to analyze the mRNA and protein expression of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), tyrosine hydroxylase, orphan nuclear hormone (Nurr1), dopamine transporter (DAT), vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). The results indicated that simazine influenced the synthesis, transport and metabolism of DA and led to a reduction of DA levels in the striatum. One potential underlying mechanism is decreased levels of Nurr1, DAT and VMAT2 impacting upon the transport of DA; another is the decreased level of AADC and increased levels of MAO and COMT impacting upon the synthesis and metabolism of DA. These factors may eventually lead to neurological disorders of the dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Li
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Baixiang Li
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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Barcia E, Boeva L, García-García L, Slowing K, Fernández-Carballido A, Casanova Y, Negro S. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery of ropinirole for Parkinson's disease. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1112-1123. [PMID: 28782388 PMCID: PMC8241177 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1359862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new drug delivery system is developed for ropinirole (RP) for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) consisting of biodegradable poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs). The formulation selected was prepared with 8 mg RP and 50 mg PLGA 502. This formulation exhibited mean encapsulation efficiency of 74.8 ± 8.2%, mean particle size lower than 155 nm, the zeta potential of -14.25 ± 0.43 mV and zero-order in vitro release of RP (14.13 ± 0.17 μg/h/10 mg NPs) for 5 d. Daily doses of the neurotoxin rotenone (2 mg/kg) given i.p. to male Wistar rats induced neuronal and behavioral changes similar to those of PD. Once neurodegeneration was established (15 d) animals received RP in saline (1 mg/kg/d for 35 d) or encapsulated within PLGA NPs (amount of NPs equivalent to 1 mg/kg/d RP every 3 d for 35 d). Brain histology and immunochemistry (Nissl-staining, glial fibrillary acidic protein and tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry) and behavioral testing (catalepsy, akinesia, rotarod and swim test) showed that RP-loaded PLGA NPs were able to revert PD-like symptoms of neurodegeneration in the animal model assayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Barcia
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Liudmila Boeva
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis García-García
- Unidad de Cartografía Cerebral, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karla Slowing
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Carballido
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yaquelyn Casanova
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Negro
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Yadav M, Jindal DK, Dhingra MS, Kumar A, Parle M, Dhingra S. Protective effect of gallic acid in experimental model of ketamine-induced psychosis: possible behaviour, biochemical, neurochemical and cellular alterations. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:413-424. [PMID: 28577133 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0366-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gallic acid has been reported to possess a number of psychopharmacological activities. These activities are attributed to the antioxidant potential due to the presence of phenolic moeity. The present study was carried out to investigate the protective effects of gallic acid in an experimental model of ketamine-induced psychosis in mice. Ketamine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) was used to induce stereotyped psychotic behavioural symptoms in mice. Behavioural studies (locomotor activity, stereotype behaviour, immobility duration and memory retention) were carried out to investigate the protective of gallic acid on ketamine-induced psychotic symptoms, followed by biochemical and neurochemical changes and cellular alterations in the brain. Chronic treatment with gallic acid for 15 consecutive days significantly attenuated stereotyped behavioural symptoms in mice. Biochemical estimations revealed that gallic acid reduced the lipid peroxidation and restored the total brain proteins. Furthermore, gallic acid remarkably reduced the dopamine levels, AChE activity and inflammatory surge (serum TNF-α), and increased the levels of GABA and increased glutathione in mice. The study revealed that gallic acid could ameliorate psychotic symptoms and biochemical changes in mice, indicating protective effects in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monu Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Jindal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Mamta Sachdeva Dhingra
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Center of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS) in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Center of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS) in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Milind Parle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Sameer Dhingra
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
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18
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Main BS, Zhang M, Brody KM, Kirby FJ, Crack PJ, Taylor JM. Type‐I interferons mediate the neuroinflammatory response and neurotoxicity induced by rotenone. J Neurochem 2017; 141:75-85. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bevan S. Main
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Moses Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Kate M. Brody
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Francis J. Kirby
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Peter J. Crack
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Juliet M. Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
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19
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Srivastava P, Dhuriya YK, Gupta R, Shukla RK, Yadav RS, Dwivedi HN, Pant AB, Khanna VK. Protective Effect of Curcumin by Modulating BDNF/DARPP32/CREB in Arsenic-Induced Alterations in Dopaminergic Signaling in Rat Corpus Striatum. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 55:445-461. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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20
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Impact of Plant-Derived Flavonoids on Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neurotox Res 2016; 30:41-52. [PMID: 26951456 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders have a common characteristic that is the involvement of different cell types, typically the reactivity of astrocytes and microglia, characterizing gliosis, which in turn contributes to the neuronal dysfunction and or death. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites of plant origin widely investigated at present and represent one of the most important and diversified among natural products phenolic groups. Several biological activities are attributed to this class of polyphenols, such as antitumor activity, antioxidant, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory, among others, which give significant pharmacological importance. Our group have observed that flavonoids derived from Brazilian plants Dimorphandra mollis Bent., Croton betulaster Müll. Arg., e Poincianella pyramidalis Tul., botanical synonymous Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul. also elicit a broad spectrum of responses in astrocytes and neurons in culture as activation of astrocytes and microglia, astrocyte associated protection of neuronal progenitor cells, neuronal differentiation and neuritogenesis. It was observed the flavonoids also induced neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells and human pluripotent stem cells. Moreover, with the objective of seeking preclinical pharmacological evidence of these molecules, in order to assess its future use in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, we have evaluated the effects of flavonoids in preclinical in vitro models of neuroinflammation associated with Parkinson's disease and glutamate toxicity associated with ischemia. In particular, our efforts have been directed to identify mechanisms involved in the changes in viability, morphology, and glial cell function induced by flavonoids in cultures of glial cells and neuronal cells alone or in interactions and clarify the relation with their neuroprotective and morphogetic effects.
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Polymorphism in the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 Gene Decreases the Risk of Parkinson's Disease in Han Chinese Men. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2015; 2015:903164. [PMID: 26246935 PMCID: PMC4515295 DOI: 10.1155/2015/903164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background. Polymorphisms rs363371 and rs363324 in the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) gene have been associated with risk of PD in an Italian population, and our aim is to investigate the association between the two single-nucleotide polymorphisms and PD in Han Chinese. Methods. 561 Han Chinese PD patients and 491 healthy age- and gender-matched controls were genotyped using Ligase detection reaction (LDR) method. Result. Both of patient and control groups showed similar genotype frequencies between patients and controls at both rs363371 and rs363324, as well as similar minor A allele frequencies at rs363371 (P = 0.452) and rs363324 (P = 0.413). None of the observed haplotypes showed a significant association with PD. Subgroup analysis by gender and age at onset revealed a significant association between the A allele of rs363371 and PD in Han Chinese males relative to healthy controls (OR 0.799, 95% CI 0.665 to 0.959, P = 0.016), and this association remained significant after adjusting for age (OR 0.785, 95% CI 0.652 to 0.945, P = 0.011). Conclusion. These results suggest that polymorphism of VMAT2 locus is associated with risk of PD in Han Chinese overall but that the A allele at rs363371 may protect against PD in Han Chinese males.
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