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Tachachartvanich P, Sangsuwan R, Navasumrit P, Ruchirawat M. Assessment of immunomodulatory effects of five commonly used parabens on human THP-1 derived macrophages: Implications for ecological and human health impacts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173823. [PMID: 38851341 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Parabens are widely used as broad-spectrum anti-microbials and preservatives in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products. Studies suggest that the utilization of parabens has substantially increased over the past years, particularly during the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although parabens are generally recognized as safe by the U.S. FDA, some concerns have been raised regarding the potential health effects of parabens associated with immunotoxicity. Herein, we comprehensively investigated several key characteristics of immunotoxicants of five commonly used parabens (methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, and benzyl parabens) in human THP-1 derived macrophages, which are effector cells serving as a first line of host defense against pathogens and tumor immunosurveillance. The results indicate parabens, at concentrations found in humans and biota, significantly dampened macrophage chemotaxis and secretion of major pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10), corroborating the mRNA expression profile. Furthermore, some parabens were found to markedly alter macrophage adhesion and cell surface expression of costimulatory molecules, CD80+ and CD86+, and significantly increase macrophage phagocytosis. Collectively, these findings heighten awareness of potential immunotoxicity posed by paraben exposure at biologically relevant concentrations, providing implications for human health and ecological risks associated with immune dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phum Tachachartvanich
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Rapeepat Sangsuwan
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Panida Navasumrit
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Mathuros Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
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2
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Lin Y, Liu J, Chong SY, Ting HJ, Tang X, Yang L, Zhang S, Qi X, Pei P, Yi Z, Huang C, Hou X, Gao L, Torta F, Liu X, Liu B, Kah JCY, Wang JW. Dual-Function Nanoscale Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles for Targeted Diagnosis and Therapeutic Delivery in Atherosclerosis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401659. [PMID: 39185808 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of cardiovascular events such as heart attacks and strokes. However, current medical practice lacks non-invasive, reliable approaches for both imaging atherosclerotic plaques and delivering therapeutic agents directly therein. Here, a biocompatible and biodegradable pH-responsive nanoscale coordination polymers (NCPs) based theranostic system is reported for managing atherosclerosis. NCPs are synthesized with a pH-responsive benzoic-imine (BI) linker and Gd3+. Simvastatin (ST), a statin not used for lowering blood cholesterol but known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in mice, is chosen as the model drug. By incorporating ST into the hydrophobic domain of a lipid bilayer shell on NCPs surfaces, ST/NCP-PEG nanoparticles are created that are designed for dual purposes: they diagnose and treat atherosclerosis. When administered intravenously, they target atherosclerotic plaques, breaking down in the mild acidic microenvironment of the plaque to release ST, which reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, and Gd-complexes for MR imaging of the plaques. ST/NCP-PEG nanoparticles show efficacy in slowing the progression of atherosclerosis in live models and allow for simultaneous in vivo monitoring without observed toxicity in major organs. This positions ST/NCP-PEG nanoparticles as a promising strategy for the spontaneous diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhe Lin
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Block E4, #04-08, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Suet Yen Chong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS), 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Hui Jun Ting
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Xichuan Tang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Liqiang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Sitong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Qi
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Peng Pei
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhigao Yi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Chenyuan Huang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Xiao Hou
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Federico Torta
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - James Chen Yong Kah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Block E4, #04-08, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS), 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
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3
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Liu TI, Wang JS, Nguyen AP, Raabe M, Quiroz Reyes CJ, Lin CH, Lin CW. Cytometry in the Short-Wave Infrared. ACS NANO 2024; 18:18534-18547. [PMID: 38973534 PMCID: PMC11256901 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Cytometry plays a crucial role in characterizing cell properties, but its restricted optical window (400-850 nm) limits the number of stained fluorophores that can be detected simultaneously and hampers the study and utilization of short-wave infrared (SWIR; 900-1700 nm) fluorophores in cells. Here we introduce two SWIR-based methods to address these limitations: SWIR flow cytometry and SWIR image cytometry. We develop a quantification protocol for deducing cellular fluorophore mass. Both systems achieve a limit of detection of ∼0.1 fg cell-1 within a 30 min experimental time frame, using individualized, high-purity (6,5) single-wall carbon nanotubes as a model fluorophore and macrophage-like RAW264.7 as a model cell line. This high-sensitivity feature reveals that low-dose (6,5) serves as an antioxidant, and cell morphology and oxidative stress dose-dependently correlate with (6,5) uptake. Our SWIR cytometry holds immediate applicability for existing SWIR fluorophores and offers a solution to the issue of spectral overlapping in conventional cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-I Liu
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei
City 106319, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Shan Wang
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei
City 106319, Taiwan
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Taiwan University, Taipei City 106319, Taiwan
- Department
of Physics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70174, Germany
| | - Ai-Phuong Nguyen
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei
City 106319, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Marco Raabe
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei
City 106319, Taiwan
| | - Carlos Jose Quiroz Reyes
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei
City 106319, Taiwan
- International
Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New
Taipei City 235603, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Lin
- Graduate
Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235603, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Lin
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei
City 106319, Taiwan
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4
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Shin HE, Han JH, Shin S, Bae GH, Son B, Kim TH, Park HH, Park CG, Park W. M1-polarized macrophage-derived cellular nanovesicle-coated lipid nanoparticles for enhanced cancer treatment through hybridization of gene therapy and cancer immunotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:3169-3183. [PMID: 39027257 PMCID: PMC11252390 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Optimum genetic delivery for modulating target genes to diseased tissue is a major obstacle for profitable gene therapy. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), considered a prospective vehicle for nucleic acid delivery, have demonstrated efficacy in human use during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study introduces a novel biomaterial-based platform, M1-polarized macrophage-derived cellular nanovesicle-coated LNPs (M1-C-LNPs), specifically engineered for a combined gene-immunotherapy approach against solid tumor. The dual-function system of M1-C-LNPs encapsulates Bcl2-targeting siRNA within LNPs and immune-modulating cytokines within M1 macrophage-derived cellular nanovesicles (M1-NVs), effectively facilitating apoptosis in cancer cells without impacting T and NK cells, which activate the intratumoral immune response to promote granule-mediating killing for solid tumor eradication. Enhanced retention within tumor was observed upon intratumoral administration of M1-C-LNPs, owing to the presence of adhesion molecules on M1-NVs, thereby contributing to superior tumor growth inhibition. These findings represent a promising strategy for the development of targeted and effective nanoparticle-based cancer genetic-immunotherapy, with significant implications for advancing biomaterial use in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Eun Shin
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeok Han
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
- Deparment of Inteligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyong Shin
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Hyun Bae
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of MetaBioHealth, SKKU Institute for Convergence, SKKU, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Son
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- Department of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ho Park
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Deparment of Inteligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Park
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of MetaBioHealth, SKKU Institute for Convergence, SKKU, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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5
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Xue E, Lee ACK, Chow KT, Ng DKP. Promotion and Detection of Cell-Cell Interactions through a Bioorthogonal Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17334-17347. [PMID: 38767615 PMCID: PMC11212048 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Manipulation of cell-cell interactions via cell surface modification is crucial in tissue engineering and cell-based therapy. To be able to monitor intercellular interactions, it can also provide useful information for understanding how the cells interact and communicate. We report herein a facile bioorthogonal strategy to promote and monitor cell-cell interactions. It involves the use of a maleimide-appended tetrazine-caged boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based fluorescent probe and a maleimide-substituted bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yne (BCN) to modify the membrane of macrophage (RAW 264.7) and cancer (HT29, HeLa, and A431) cells, respectively, via maleimide-thiol conjugation. After modification, the two kinds of cells interact strongly through inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction of the surface tetrazine and BCN moieties. The coupling also disrupts the tetrazine quenching unit, restoring the fluorescence emission of the BODIPY core on the cell-cell interface, and promotes phagocytosis. Hence, this approach can promote and facilitate the detection of intercellular interactions, rendering it potentially useful for macrophage-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn
Y. Xue
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin,
N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Alan Chun Kit Lee
- School
of Life Sciences, The Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwan T. Chow
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, City University
of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin,
N.T., Hong Kong, China
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6
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Banerjee S, Gadpayle MP, Samanta S, Dutta P, Das S, Datta R, Maiti S. Role of Macrophage PIST Protein in Regulating Leishmania major Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1414-1428. [PMID: 38556987 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PDZ protein interacting specifically with Tc10 or PIST is a mammalian trans-Golgi resident protein that regulates subcellular sorting of plasma membrane receptors. PIST has recently emerged as a key player in regulating viral pathogenesis. Nevertheless, the involvement of PIST in parasitic infections remains unexplored. Leishmania parasites infiltrate their host macrophage cells through phagocytosis, where they subsequently multiply within the parasitophorous vacuole (PV). Host cell autophagy has been found to be important in regulating this parasite infection. Since PIST plays a pivotal role in triggering autophagy through the Beclin 1-PI3KC3 pathway, it becomes interesting to identify the status of PIST during Leishmania infection. We found that while macrophage cells are infected with Leishmania major (L. major), the expression of PIST protein remains unaltered; however, it traffics from the Golgi compartment to PV. Further, we identified that in L. major-infected macrophage cells, PIST associates with the autophagy regulatory protein Beclin 1 within the PVs; however, PIST does not interact with LC3. Reduction in PIST protein through siRNA silencing significantly increased parasite burden, whereas overexpression of PIST in macrophages restricted L. major infectivity. Together, our study reports that the macrophage PIST protein is essential in regulating L. major infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Kolkata (IISER-Kolkata), Mohanpur Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal 741 246, India
| | - Mandip Pratham Gadpayle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Kolkata (IISER-Kolkata), Mohanpur Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal 741 246, India
| | - Suman Samanta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Kolkata (IISER-Kolkata), Mohanpur Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal 741 246, India
| | - Priyanka Dutta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Kolkata (IISER-Kolkata), Mohanpur Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal 741 246, India
| | - Swagata Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Kolkata (IISER-Kolkata), Mohanpur Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal 741 246, India
| | - Rupak Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Kolkata (IISER-Kolkata), Mohanpur Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal 741 246, India
| | - Sankar Maiti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Kolkata (IISER-Kolkata), Mohanpur Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal 741 246, India
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7
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Mattke J, Darden CM, Vasu S, Lawrence MC, Kirkland J, Kane RR, Naziruddin B. Inhibition of Toll-like Receptor 4 Using Small Molecule, TAK-242, Protects Islets from Innate Immune Responses. Cells 2024; 13:416. [PMID: 38474380 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a therapeutic option to replace β-cell mass lost during type 1 or type 3c diabetes. Innate immune responses, particularly the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction and activation of monocytes, play a major role in the loss of transplanted islet tissue. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on innate inflammatory responses. We first demonstrate a significant loss of graft function shortly after transplant through the assessment of miR-375 and miR-200c in plasma as biomarkers. Using in vitro models, we investigate how targeting TLR4 mitigates islet damage and immune cell activation during the peritransplant period. The results of this study support the application of TAK-242 as a therapeutic agent to reduce inflammatory and innate immune responses to islets immediately following transplantation into the hepatic portal vein. Therefore, TLR4 may serve as a target to improve islet transplant outcomes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Mattke
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Carly M Darden
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Srividya Vasu
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Michael C Lawrence
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kirkland
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Robert R Kane
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Bashoo Naziruddin
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
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8
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Varma VP, Bankala R, Kumar A, Gawai S, Faisal SM. Differential modulation of innate immune response by lipopolysaccharide of Leptospira. Open Biol 2023; 13:230101. [PMID: 37935355 PMCID: PMC10645091 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp. having more than 300 serovars. These serovars can infect a variety of hosts, some being asymptomatic carriers and others showing varied symptoms of mild to severe infection. Since lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major antigen which defines serovar specificity, this different course of infection may be attributed to a differential innate response against this antigen. Previous studies have shown that Leptospira LPS is less endotoxic. However, it is unclear whether there is a difference in the ability of LPS isolated from different serovars to modulate the innate response. In this study, we purified LPS from three widely prevalent pathogenic serovars, i.e. Icterohaemorrhagiae strain RGA, Pomona, Hardjo, and from non-pathogenic L. biflexa serovar semeranga strain Potac 1 collectively termed as L-LPS and tested their ability to modulate innate response in macrophages from both resistant (mice) and susceptible (human and bovine) hosts. L-LPS induced differential response being more proinflammatory in mouse and less proinflammatory in human and bovine macrophages but overall less immunostimulatory than E. coli LPS (E-LPS). Irrespective of serovar, this response was TLR2-dependent in humans, whereas TLR4-dependent/CD14-independent in mouse using MyD88 adapter and signalling through P38 and ERK-dependent MAP kinase pathway. L-LPS-activated macrophages were able to phagocytose Leptospira and this effect was significantly higher or more pronounced when the macrophages were stimulated with L-LPS from the corresponding serovar. L-LPS activated both canonical and non-canonical inflammasome, producing IL-1β without inducing pyroptosis. Further, L-LPS induced both TNF-mediated early and NO-mediated late apoptosis. Altogether, these results indicate that L-LPS induces a differential innate response that is quite distinct from that induced by E-LPS and may be attributed to the structural differences and its atypical nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Varma
- Laboratory of Vaccine Immunology, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad 500032, India
- Graduate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramudu Bankala
- Laboratory of Vaccine Immunology, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad 500032, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Laboratory of Vaccine Immunology, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad 500032, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Shashikant Gawai
- Laboratory of Vaccine Immunology, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad 500032, India
| | - Syed M. Faisal
- Laboratory of Vaccine Immunology, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad 500032, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
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9
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Sharma A, Khan MA, Tirpude NV. Leupeptin maintains redox homeostasis via targeting ROS-autophagy-inflammatory axis in LPS-stimulated macrophages and cytokines dichotomy in Con-A challenged lymphocyte. Peptides 2023; 168:171066. [PMID: 37499907 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Information regarding cellular anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory attributes of leupeptin with respect to modulation of perturbed macrophage function and lymphocytes has not yet been delineated, particularly in the context of ROS-cytokines-autophagy-inflammatory signalling cascades. Therefore, the present study identified the attributes and mechanisms of leupeptin, from actinomycetes, in relation to excessive oxidative stress mediated disrupted immune homeostasis and inflammatory mechanism in activated macrophages and lymphocytes. Results revealed that leupeptin treatment showed noticeable inhibition in the production of NO, ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential and phagocytosis activity in LPS-stimulated macrophages. These findings were accompanied by reduction in TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio, endopeptidases, oxidative effectors (Cox-2, IL-5, IL-15, IL-17, COX-2), iNOS with concomitant increase in Arg 1, Msr 1 and Mrc - 1exprssion in leupeptin treatment. Additionally, compared to LPS-challenged cells, marked alleviation in MDC, lysotracker staining, beclin-1, LC3B expression, and enhanced p62 levels in leupeptin exposed cells indicate the reversal of impaired autophagy flux. Subsequently, oxi-inflammatory signalling analysis demonstrated p-PTEN, p-NF-κB, p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-p38, and ERK1/2 upregulation decisively thwarted by leupeptin administration. In silico analysis further implied its target selectivity to these cascades. Furthermore, decreased proliferation index and Th1, Th2/IL-10 cytokines ratio in mitogen-challenged splenic lymphocytes confers its role in mitigating unwarranted inflammation mediated by disrupted regulation of adaptive immune cells. Together, these findings signify the attributes of leupeptin as an alternative anti-inflammatory strategy and affirm it as a promising natural entity to modulate immune-mediated response during inflammatory disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Sharma
- Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, India
| | - Mohd Adil Khan
- Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, India
| | - Narendra Vijay Tirpude
- Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, UP, India.
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10
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Sarkar A, Mitra P, Lahiri A, Das T, Sarkar J, Paul S, Chakrabarti P. Butyrate limits inflammatory macrophage niche in NASH. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:332. [PMID: 37202387 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Immune cell infiltrations with lobular inflammation in the background of steatosis and deregulated gut-liver axis are the cardinal features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). An array of gut microbiota-derived metabolites including short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) multifariously modulates NASH pathogenesis. However, the molecular basis for the favorable impact of sodium butyrate (NaBu), a gut microbiota-derived SCFA, on the immunometabolic homeostasis in NASH remains elusive. We show that NaBu imparts a robust anti-inflammatory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated or classically activated M1 polarized macrophages and in the diet-induced murine NASH model. Moreover, it impedes monocyte-derived inflammatory macrophage recruitment in liver parenchyma and induces apoptosis of proinflammatory liver macrophages (LM) in NASH livers. Mechanistically, by histone deactylase (HDAC) inhibition NaBu enhanced acetylation of canonical NF-κB subunit p65 along with its differential recruitment to the proinflammatory gene promoters independent of its nuclear translocation. NaBu-treated macrophages thus exhibit transcriptomic signatures that corroborate with a M2-like prohealing phenotype. NaBu quelled LPS-mediated catabolism and phagocytosis of macrophages, exhibited a differential secretome which consequently resulted in skewing toward prohealing phenotype and induced death of proinflammatory macrophages to abrogate metaflammation in vitro and in vivo. Thus NaBu could be a potential therapeutic as well as preventive agent in mitigating NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sarkar
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Priya Mitra
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Abhishake Lahiri
- Division of Structural Biology & Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Tanusree Das
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Jit Sarkar
- Elucidata, New Delhi, Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Sandip Paul
- JIS Institute of Advanced Studies & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Partha Chakrabarti
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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11
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Uesugi T, Mori S, Miyanaga K, Yamamoto N. GroEL Secreted from Bacillus subtilis Natto Exerted a Crucial Role for Anti-Inflammatory IL-10 Induction in THP-1 Cells. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1281. [PMID: 37317255 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although diverse immunomodulatory reactions of probiotic bacteria have been reported, this effect via Bacillus subtilis natto remains unclear, despite its long consumption history in Japan and usage in Natto production. Hence, we performed a comparative analysis of the immunomodulatory activities of 23 types of B. subtilis natto isolated from Natto products to elucidate the key active components. Among the isolated 23 strains, the supernatant from B. subtilis strain 1 fermented medium showed the highest induction of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and pro-inflammatory IL-12 in THP-1 dendritic cells (THP-1 DC) after co-incubation. We isolated the active component from strain 1 cultured medium and employed DEAE-Sepharose chromatography with 0.5 M NaCl elution for fractionation. IL-10-inducing activity was specific to an approximately 60 kDa protein, GroEL, which was identified as a chaperone protein and was significantly reduced with anti-GroEL antibody. Differential expression analysis of strains 1 and 15, which had the lowest cytokine-producing activity, showed a higher expression of various genes involved in chaperones and sporulation in strain 1. Furthermore, GroEL production was induced in spore-forming medium. The present study is the first to show that the chaperone protein GroEL, secreted by B. subtilis natto during sporulation, plays a crucial role in IL-10 and IL-12 production in THP-1 DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Uesugi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Kanagawa, Japan
- Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555-8502, Osaka, Japan
| | - Suguru Mori
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Miyanaga
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-Shi 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Yamamoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Kanagawa, Japan
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12
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Resiliac J, Rohlfing M, Santoro J, Hussain SRA, Grayson MH. Low-Dose Lipopolysaccharide Protects from Lethal Paramyxovirus Infection in a Macrophage- and TLR4-Dependent Process. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:348-355. [PMID: 36480273 PMCID: PMC9851983 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are a major public health burden and a leading cause of death and disability in the world. Understanding antiviral immune responses is crucial to alleviate morbidity and mortality associated with these respiratory viral infections. Previous data from human and animal studies suggested that pre-existing atopy may provide some protection against severe disease from a respiratory viral infection. However, the mechanism(s) of protection is not understood. Low-dose LPS has been shown to drive an atopic phenotype in mice. In addition, LPS has been shown in vitro to have an antiviral effect. We examined the effect of LPS treatment on mortality to the murine parainfluenza virus Sendai virus. Low-dose LPS treatment 24 h before inoculation with a normally lethal dose of Sendai virus greatly reduced death. This protection was associated with a reduced viral titer and reduced inflammatory cytokine production in the airways. The administration of LPS was associated with a marked increase in lung neutrophils and macrophages. Depletion of neutrophils failed to reverse the protective effect of LPS; however, depletion of macrophages reversed the protective effect of LPS. Further, we demonstrate that the protective effect of LPS depends on type I IFN and TLR4-MyD88 signaling. Together, these studies demonstrate pretreatment with low-dose LPS provides a survival advantage against a severe respiratory viral infection through a macrophage-, TLR4-, and MyD88-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Resiliac
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, Ohio
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michelle Rohlfing
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jennifer Santoro
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Syed-Rehan A. Hussain
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mitchell H. Grayson
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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13
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Lonnemann N, Hosseini S, Ohm M, Geffers R, Hiller K, Dinarello CA, Korte M. IL-37 expression reduces acute and chronic neuroinflammation and rescues cognitive impairment in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. eLife 2022; 11:75889. [PMID: 36040311 PMCID: PMC9481244 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-37 (IL-37) belongs to the IL-1 family but is not expressed in mice. We used a human IL-37 (hIL-37tg) expressing mouse, which has been subjected to various models of local and systemic inflammation as well as immunological challenges. Previous studies reveal an immunomodulatory role of IL-37, which can be characterized as an important suppressor of innate immunity. Here, we examined the functions of IL-37 in the central nervous system and explored the effects of IL-37 on neuronal architecture and function, microglial phenotype, cytokine production and behavior after inflammatory challenge by intraperitoneal LPS-injection. In wild-type mice, decreased spine density, activated microglial phenotype and impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) were observed after LPS injection, whereas hIL-37tg mice showed no impairment. In addition, we crossed the hIL-37tg mouse with an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease (APP/PS1) to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of IL-37 under chronic neuroinflammatory conditions. Our results show that expression of IL-37 is able to limit inflammation in the brain after acute inflammatory events and prevent loss of cognitive abilities in a mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Lonnemann
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Shirin Hosseini
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Melanie Ohm
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health, Aurora, United States
| | - Martin Korte
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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14
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Rajamanickam K, Leela V, Suganya G, Basha SH, Parthiban M, Visha P, Elango A. Thermal cum lipopolysaccharide-induced stress challenge downregulates functional response of bovine monocyte-derived macrophages. J Therm Biol 2022; 108:103301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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15
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Study of the immunologic response of marine-derived collagen and gelatin extracts for tissue engineering applications. Acta Biomater 2022; 141:123-131. [PMID: 35017072 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The host immunologic response to a specific material is a critical aspect when considering it for clinical implementation. Collagen and gelatin extracted from marine sources have been proposed as biomaterials for tissue engineering applications, but there is a lack of information in the literature about their immunogenicity. In this work, we evaluated the immune response to collagen and/or gelatin from blue shark and codfish, previously extracted and characterized. After endotoxin evaluation, bone marrow-derived macrophages were exposed to the materials and a panel of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated both for protein quantification and gene expression. Then, the impact of those materials in the host was evaluated through peritoneal injection in C57BL/6 mice. The results suggested shark collagen as the less immunogenic material, inducing low expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (encoded by Nos2) and high expression of Arginase 1 (encoded by Arg1). Although shark gelatin appeared to be the material with higher pro-inflammatory expression, it also presents a high expression of IL-10 (anti-inflammatory cytokine) and Arginase (both markers for M2-like macrophages). When injected in the peritoneal cavity of mice, our materials demonstrated a transient recruitment of neutrophil, being almost non-existent after 24 hours of injection. Based on these findings, the studied collagenous materials can be considered interesting biomaterial candidates for regenerative medicine as they may induce an activation of the M2-like macrophage population, which is involved in suppressing the inflammatory processes promoting tissue remodeling. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Marine-origin biomaterials are emerging in the biomedical arena, namely the ones based in marine-derived collagen/gelatin proposed as cell templates for tissue regeneration. Nevertheless, although the major cause of implant rejection in clinical practice is the host's negative immune response, there is a lack of information in the literature about the immunological impact of these marine collagenous materials. This work aims to contribute with knowledge about the immunologic response to collagen/gelatin extracted from blue shark and codfish skins. The results demonstrated that despite some differences observed, all the materials can induce a macrophage phenotype related with anti-inflammation resolution and then act as immuno-modulators and anti-inflammatory inducible materials.
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16
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Birru RL, Bein K, Bondarchuk N, Wells H, Lin Q, Di YP, Leikauf GD. Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Apple Polyphenol Phloretin on Respiratory Pathogens Associated With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:652944. [PMID: 34881190 PMCID: PMC8645934 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.652944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections contribute to accelerated progression and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Apples have been associated with reduced symptoms of COPD and disease development due to their polyphenolic content. We examined if phloretin, an apple polyphenol, could inhibit bacterial growth and inflammation induced by the main pathogens associated with COPD. Phloretin displayed bacteriostatic and anti-biofilm activity against nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and to a lesser extent, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In vitro, phloretin inhibited NTHi adherence to NCI-H292 cells, a respiratory epithelial cell line. Phloretin also exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in COPD pathogen-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and human bronchial epithelial cells derived from normal and COPD diseased lungs. In mice, NTHi bacterial load and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), a neutrophil chemoattractant, was attenuated by a diet supplemented with phloretin. Our data suggests that phloretin is a promising antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory nutraceutical for reducing bacterial-induced injury in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel L Birru
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kiflai Bein
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Natalya Bondarchuk
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Heather Wells
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Y Peter Di
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - George D Leikauf
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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17
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Gimondi S, Guimarães CF, Vieira SF, Gonçalves VMF, Tiritan ME, Reis RL, Ferreira H, Neves NM. Microfluidicmixing system for precise PLGA-PEG nanoparticles size control. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 40:102482. [PMID: 34748958 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a microfluidic device was employed to produce polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) with well-controlled sizes. The influence of several parameters in the synthesis process, namely, polymer concentration, flow rate and flow rate ratio between the aqueous and organic solutions was investigated. To evaluate the NPs size effect, three diameters were selected (30, 50 and 70nm). Their cytocompatibility was demonstrated on endothelial cells and macrophages. Additionally, their efficacy to act as drug carriers was assessed in an in vitro inflammatory scenario. NPs loaded and released diclofenac (DCF) in a size-dependent profile (smaller sizes presented lower DCF content and higher release rate). Moreover, 30nm NPs were the most effective in reducing prostaglandin E2 concentration. Therefore, this study demonstrates that microfluidics can generate stable NPs with controlled sizes, high monodispersity and enhanced batch-to-batch reproducibility. Indeed, NPs size is a crucial parameter for drug encapsulation, release and overall biological efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gimondi
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - C F Guimarães
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - S F Vieira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - V M F Gonçalves
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - M E Tiritan
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - H Ferreira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - N M Neves
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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18
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Zhang W, An EK, Hwang J, Jin JO. Mice Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Were Activated by Lipopolysaccharides Through Toll-Like Receptor 4/Myeloid Differentiation Factor 2. Front Immunol 2021; 12:727161. [PMID: 34603298 PMCID: PMC8481683 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.727161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are known to respond to viral infections. However, the activation of pDCs by bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) has not been well studied. Here, we found that pDCs, conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), and B cells express high levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a receptor for LPS. Moreover, LPS could effectively bind to not only cDCs but also pDCs and B cells. Intraperitoneal administration of LPS promoted activation of splenic pDCs and cDCs. LPS treatment led to upregulation of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) and induced production of interferon-alpha (IFN-α) in splenic pDCs. Furthermore, LPS-dependent upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules in pDCs did not require the assistance of other immune cells, such as cDCs. However, the production levels of IFN-α were decreased in cDC-depleted splenocytes, indicating that cDCs may contribute to the enhancement of IFN-α production in pDCs. Finally, we showed that activation of pDCs by LPS requires the TLR4 and myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) signaling pathways. Thus, these results demonstrate that the gram-negative component LPS can directly stimulate pDCs via TLR4/MD2 stimulation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Eun-Koung An
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Juyoung Hwang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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19
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Ruxolitinib Alleviates Uveitis Caused by Salmonella typhimurium Endotoxin. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071481. [PMID: 34361917 PMCID: PMC8307045 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveitis is characterized by inflammatory lesions of intraocular structures. It is one of the important manifestations in patients with Reiter’s syndrome, an inflammatory arthritis, which is caused by enteric infection with bacteria, including Salmonella typhimurium. Corticosteroids remain the most frequently used therapies against uveitis associating with inflammatory arthritis. However, the long-term administration of steroids results in many side effects, and some uveitis patients do not respond to steroid treatment. Non-steroidal treatments are needed for uveitis patients. Our previous study found that Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib could suppress the expression of proinflammatory mediators in the ciliary body and iris. However, the impacts of ruxolitinib on ophthalmic features in uveitic eyes are still unknown. In this study, Salmonella typhimurium endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by the injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Compared with LPS-induced rats treated with water, ruxolitinib significantly attenuated the clinical manifestations, infiltrating cells and protein exudation in the aqueous humor, and retina–choroid thickening. Amplitudes of b-wave in both scotopic and photopic electroretinogram (ERG), and the amplitude of a-wave in scotopic ERG in EIU animals were alleviated by ruxolitinib. Collectively, we propose ruxolitinib could attenuate endotoxin-induced uveitis and rescue visual functions in rats by inhibiting the JAK2-STAT3 pathway.
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20
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Pedersen K, Rasmussen RK, Dittrich A, Lauridsen H. Cardiac regeneration in the axolotl is unaffected by alterations in leukocyte numbers induced by lipopolysaccharide and prednisolone. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:157. [PMID: 33910634 PMCID: PMC8082892 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05574-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cardiac regeneration in the axolotl has been found to rely on the innate immune system, and especially macrophages have been demonstrated to play a vital role in regulating the regenerative process. In this study we wanted to induce a pro- and anti-inflammatory milieu in the axolotl during heart regeneration to test the resilience of the regenerative response. Results This was induced via repeated intrapericardial injections of lipopolysaccharide or prednisolone during a 40-day regeneration period in order to challenge the presumably fine-tuned inflammatory response that normally facilitates regeneration. We observed a local and systemic leucocyte response to pro- and anti-inflammatory stimulation, but we found cardiac regeneration to be structurally and functionally unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Comparative Medicine Lab), Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | - Anita Dittrich
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Comparative Medicine Lab), Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Lauridsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Comparative Medicine Lab), Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
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21
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Morgan AJ, Davis LC, Galione A. Choreographing endo-lysosomal Ca 2+ throughout the life of a phagosome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119040. [PMID: 33872669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of endo-lysosomes as ubiquitous Ca2+ stores with their unique cohort of channels has resulted in their being implicated in a growing number of processes in an ever-increasing number of cell types. The architectural and regulatory constraints of these acidic Ca2+ stores distinguishes them from other larger Ca2+ sources such as the ER and influx across the plasma membrane. In view of recent advances in the understanding of the modes of operation, we discuss phagocytosis as a template for how endo-lysosomal Ca2+ signals (generated via TPC and TRPML channels) can be integrated in multiple sophisticated ways into biological processes. Phagocytosis illustrates how different endo-lysosomal Ca2+ signals drive different phases of a process, and how these can be altered by disease or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Park, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Lianne C Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Park, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Park, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
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da Silva NS, Araújo NK, Daniele-Silva A, Oliveira JWDF, de Medeiros JM, Araújo RM, Ferreira LDS, Rocha HAO, Silva-Junior AA, Silva MS, Fernandes-Pedrosa MDF. Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan Oligosaccharides with Special Attention to Antiparasitic Potential. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020110. [PMID: 33673266 PMCID: PMC7917997 DOI: 10.3390/md19020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global rise of infectious disease outbreaks and the progression of microbial resistance reinforce the importance of researching new biomolecules. Obtained from the hydrolysis of chitosan, chitooligosaccharides (COSs) have demonstrated several biological properties, including antimicrobial, and greater advantage over chitosan due to their higher solubility and lower viscosity. Despite the evidence of the biotechnological potential of COSs, their effects on trypanosomatids are still scarce. The objectives of this study were the enzymatic production, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of the cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic effects of COSs. NMR and mass spectrometry analyses indicated the presence of a mixture with 81% deacetylated COS and acetylated hexamers. COSs demonstrated no evidence of cytotoxicity upon 2 mg/mL. In addition, COSs showed interesting activity against bacteria and yeasts and a time-dependent parasitic inhibition. Scanning electron microscopy images indicated a parasite aggregation ability of COSs. Thus, the broad biological effect of COSs makes them a promising molecule for the biomedical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Sousa da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil;
| | - Nathália Kelly Araújo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (N.K.A.); (L.D.S.F.); (A.A.S.-J.)
| | - Alessandra Daniele-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Development and Technological Innovation in Medicines, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, Brazil;
| | | | - Júlia Maria de Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, Brazil;
| | - Renata Mendonça Araújo
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, Brazil;
| | - Leandro De Santis Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (N.K.A.); (L.D.S.F.); (A.A.S.-J.)
| | | | - Arnóbio Antônio Silva-Junior
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (N.K.A.); (L.D.S.F.); (A.A.S.-J.)
| | - Marcelo Sousa Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil;
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of Nova Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (N.K.A.); (L.D.S.F.); (A.A.S.-J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-84-3342-9820
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23
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Hahn WH, Shin SY, Song JH, Kang NM. Effect of human breast milk on innate immune response: Up-regulation of bacterial pattern recognition receptors and innate cytokines in THP-1 monocytic cells. EUR J INFLAMM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/20587392211026107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human breast milk (HBM) contains many bioactive components that protect infants from various microorganisms. Pattern recognition receptors on phagocytic cells recognize microbial pathogens and promote the innate immune system. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of HBM on the expression of pattern recognition receptors and innate cytokines in the monocytic cell line THP-1 and the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 macrophages. Expression levels of specific mRNAs in THP-1 cells were quantitated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Phagocytic activity was measured by fluorescence microscopy to detect the uptake of fluorescent dye-labeled carboxylate-modified polystyrene latex beads in RAW264.7 macrophages. HBM stimulated the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 macrophages. HBM increased mRNA expression of pattern recognition receptors, including the cluster of differentiation 14 and toll-like receptor 2 and 4, and various innate cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, C-X-C motif chemokine 8, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, in THP-1 monocytic cells. Furthermore, milk oligosaccharides in HBM, such as lacto- N-fucopentaose I, enhanced the expression of pattern recognition receptors and various innate cytokines. HBM is able to modulate the innate immune response by upregulating the expression of pattern recognition receptors and various innate cytokines in monocytes/macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ho Hahn
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Young Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwan Song
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Mi Kang
- Department of Nursing, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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24
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Zhang S, An L, Li Z, Wang X, Wang H, Shi L, Bao J, Lan X, Zhang E, Lall N, Reid AM, Li Y, Jin DQ, Xu J, Guo Y. Structural elucidation of an immunological arabinan from the rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong, a traditional Chinese medicine. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:42-52. [PMID: 33316344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, an immunological arabinan, LCP70-2A, was isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong for the first time. The absolute molecular weight of LCP70-2A was determined to be 6.46 × 104 g/mol using the HPSEC-MALLS-RID method. The absolute configuration of arabinose in LCP70-2A was determined to be L-configuration. Physicochemical characterization revealed that LCP70-2A was a homogeneous polysaccharide and had a backbone of (1 → 5)-linked α-L-Araf with terminal α-L-arabinose residues at position O-2 and O-3. Molecular conformation analysis showed that LCP70-2A was a branching polysaccharide with a compact coil chain conformation in 0.1 M NaCl solution. In addition, in vitro cell assays showed that LCP70-2A can activate macrophages by enhancing the phagocytosis and potentiating the secretion of immunoregulatory factors including NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Furthermore, LCP70-2A was proved to promote the production of ROS and NO using the zebrafish model, suggesting that LCP70-2A can be further developed as a candidate supplement for immunological enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun An
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahe Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhong Lan
- Food Science College, Tibet Agricultural & Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, People's Republic of China
| | - Erhao Zhang
- Food Science College, Tibet Agricultural & Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, People's Republic of China
| | - Namrita Lall
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mari Reid
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Yuhao Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Qing Jin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Yim JJ, Singh SP, Xia A, Kashfi-Sadabad R, Tholen M, Huland DM, Zarabanda D, Cao Z, Solis-Pazmino P, Bogyo M, Valdez TA. Short-Wave Infrared Fluorescence Chemical Sensor for Detection of Otitis Media. ACS Sens 2020; 5:3411-3419. [PMID: 33175516 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) or middle ear infection is one of the most common diseases in young children around the world. The diagnosis of OM is currently performed using an otoscope to detect middle ear fluid and inflammatory changes manifested in the tympanic membrane. However, conventional otoscopy cannot visualize across the tympanic membrane or sample middle ear fluid. This can lead to low diagnostic certainty and overdiagnoses of OM. To improve the diagnosis of OM, we have developed a short-wave infrared (SWIR) otoscope in combination with a protease-cleavable biosensor, 6QC-ICG, which can facilitate the detection of inflammatory proteases in the middle ear with an increase in contrast. 6QC-ICG is a fluorescently quenched probe, which is activated in the presence of cysteine cathepsin proteases that are up-regulated in inflammatory immune cells. Using a preclinical model and custom-built SWIR otomicroscope in this proof-of-concept study, we successfully demonstrated the feasibility of robustly distinguishing inflamed ears from controls (p = 0.0006). The inflamed ears showed an overall signal-to-background ratio of 2.0 with a mean fluorescence of 81 ± 17 AU, while the control ear exhibited a mean fluorescence of 41 ± 11 AU. We envision that these fluorescently quenched probes in conjunction with SWIR imaging tools have the potential to be used as an alternate/adjunct tool for objective diagnosis of OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Yim
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Department of Otolaryngology−Head & Neck Surgery Divisions, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka 580011, India
| | - Anping Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology−Head & Neck Surgery Divisions, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Raana Kashfi-Sadabad
- Department of Otolaryngology−Head & Neck Surgery Divisions, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Martina Tholen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - David M. Huland
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - David Zarabanda
- Department of Otolaryngology−Head & Neck Surgery Divisions, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhixin Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology−Head & Neck Surgery Divisions, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Paola Solis-Pazmino
- Department of Otolaryngology−Head & Neck Surgery Divisions, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Tulio A. Valdez
- Department of Otolaryngology−Head & Neck Surgery Divisions, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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26
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Dual Effect of Soloxolone Methyl on LPS-Induced Inflammation In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217876. [PMID: 33114200 PMCID: PMC7660695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-extracted triterpenoids belong to a class of bioactive compounds with pleotropic functions, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this work, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of a semisynthetic derivative of 18βH-glycyrrhetinic acid (18βH-GA), soloxolone methyl (methyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxo-18βH-olean-9(11),1(2)-dien-30-oate, or SM) in vitro on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and in vivo in models of acute inflammation: LPS-induced endotoxemia and carrageenan-induced peritonitis. SM used at non-cytotoxic concentrations was found to attenuate the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide (II) and increase the level of reduced glutathione production by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, SM strongly suppressed the phagocytic and migration activity of activated macrophages. These effects were found to be associated with the stimulation of heme oxigenase-1 (HO-1) expression, as well as with the inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Akt phosphorylation. Surprisingly, it was found that SM significantly enhanced LPS-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in RAW264.7 cells via activation of the c-Jun/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling axis. In vivo pre-exposure treatment with SM effectively inhibited the development of carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in the peritoneal cavity, but it did not improve LPS-induced inflammation in the endotoxemia model.
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27
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Fiedler SE, Spain RI, Kim E, Salinthone S. Lipoic acid modulates inflammatory responses of monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages from healthy and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 99:107-115. [PMID: 32762092 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disabling neuroinflammatory disease. Its etiology is unknown, but both oxidative stress and inflammation appear to be involved in disease pathology. Macrophages are the predominant cell type in acute inflammatory brain lesions in MS. Macrophages produce proinflammatory and toxic molecules that promote demyelination and are key players in phagocytosis/degradation of myelin sheathes. Lipoic acid (LA) is an inexpensive, endogenously produced small molecule that exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Treatment with LA is protective in MS and other inflammatory diseases. To examine the mechanism(s) by which LA may attenuate inflammatory lesion activity in MS, we used healthy control and MS cells to evaluate the effects of LA on levels of inflammatory cytokines, phagocytosis and the immunomodulator cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). LA treatment resulted in a generally less inflammatory phenotype of monocytes and MDMs from healthy controls, and (to a lesser degree) MS donors. LA inhibited monocyte secretion of cytokines relevant to MS in monocytes, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β; LA effects on secretion of these cytokines in MDMs were mixed with inhibition of TNF-α and IL-6, but stimulation of IL-1β, the latter perhaps as a result of altered macrophage polarization. LA inhibited phagocytosis in both monocytes and MDMs, and increased cAMP levels in monocytes. LA may modulate inflammatory cytokine secretion and phagocytosis via a cAMP-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Fiedler
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans' Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Rebecca I Spain
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans' Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Edward Kim
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans' Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Sonemany Salinthone
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans' Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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28
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Banerjee S, Datta R. Leishmania infection triggers hepcidin-mediated proteasomal degradation of Nramp1 to increase phagolysosomal iron availability. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13253. [PMID: 32827218 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1) was originally discovered as a genetic determinant of resistance against multiple intracellular pathogens, including Leishmania. It encodes a transmembrane protein of the phago-endosomal compartments, where it functions as an iron transporter. But the mechanism by which Nramp1 controls host-pathogen dynamics and determines final outcome of an infection is yet to be fully deciphered. Whether the expression of Nramp1 is altered in response to a pathogen attack is also unknown. To address these, Nramp1 status was examined in Leishmania major-infected murine macrophages. We observed that at 12 hrs post infection, there was drastic lowering of Nramp1 level accompanied by increased phagolysosomal iron content and enhanced intracellular parasite growth. Leishmania infection-induced Nramp1 downregulation was caused by ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway, which in turn was found to be mediated by the iron-regulatory peptide hormone hepcidin. Blocking of Nramp1 degradation with proteasome inhibitor or transcriptional agonist of hepcidin resulted in depletion of phagolysosomal iron pool that led to significant reduction of intracellular parasite burden. Interestingly, Nramp1 level was restored to normalcy after 30 hrs of infection with a concomitant drop in phagolysosomal iron, which is suggestive of a host counteractive response to deprive the pathogen of this essential micronutrient. Taken together, our study implicates Nramp1 as a central player in the host-pathogen battle for phagolysosomal iron. We also report Nramp1 as a novel target for hepcidin, and this 'hepcidin-Nramp1' axis may have a broader role in regulating macrophage iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
| | - Rupak Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
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29
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Caponegro MD, Thompson KK, Tayyab M, Tsirka SE. A Rigorous Quantitative Approach to Analyzing Phagocytosis Assays. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3698. [PMID: 33209965 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying monocytic cells in isolated systems in vitro contributes significantly to the understanding of innate immune physiology. Functional assays produce read outs which can be used to measure responses to selected stimuli, such as pathogen exposure, antigen loading, and cytokine stimulation. Integration of these results with high quality in vivo models allows for the development of therapeutics which target these cell populations. Current methodologies to quantify phagocytic function of monocytic cells in vitro either measure phagocytic activity of individual cells (average number of beads or particles/cell), or a population outcome (% cells that contain phagocytosed material). Here we address technical challenges and shortcomings of these methods and present a protocol for collecting and analyzing data derived from a functional assay which measures phagocytic activity of macrophage and macrophage-like cells. We apply this method to two different experimental conditions, and compare to existing work flows. We also provide an online tool for users to upload and analyze data using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Caponegro
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Koenig Thompson
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA
| | - Maryam Tayyab
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA
| | - Stella E Tsirka
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA
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30
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The Lipid Receptor G2A (GPR132) Mediates Macrophage Migration in Nerve Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071740. [PMID: 32708184 PMCID: PMC7409160 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain is difficult to treat and mechanistically characterized by strong neuroimmune interactions, involving signaling lipids that act via specific G-protein coupled receptors. Here, we investigated the role of the signaling lipid receptor G2A (GPR132) in nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain using the robust spared nerve injury (SNI) mouse model. We found that the concentrations of the G2A agonist 9-HODE (9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid) are strongly increased at the site of nerve injury during neuropathic pain. Moreover, G2A-deficient mice show a strong reduction of mechanical hypersensitivity after nerve injury. This phenotype is accompanied by a massive reduction of invading macrophages and neutrophils in G2A-deficient mice and a strongly reduced release of the proalgesic mediators TNFα, IL-6 and VEGF at the site of injury. Using a global proteome analysis to identify the underlying signaling pathways, we found that G2A activation in macrophages initiates MyD88-PI3K-AKT signaling and transient MMP9 release to trigger cytoskeleton remodeling and migration. We conclude that G2A-deficiency reduces inflammatory responses by decreasing the number of immune cells and the release of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors at the site of nerve injury. Inhibiting the G2A receptor after nerve injury may reduce immune cell-mediated peripheral sensitization and may thus ameliorate neuropathic pain.
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31
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Dong Z, Zhang M, Li H, Zhan Q, Lai F, Wu H. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a novel polysaccharide from Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi root. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:1556-1564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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32
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Natarajan P, Roberts JD, Kunte N, Hunter WB, Fleming SD, Tomich JM, Avila LA. A Study of the Cellular Uptake of Magnetic Branched Amphiphilic Peptide Capsules. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2208-2220. [PMID: 32324415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding cellular uptake mechanisms of nanoparticles with therapeutic potential has become critical in the field of drug delivery. Elucidation of cellular entry routes can aid in the dissection of the complex intracellular trafficking and potentially allow for the manipulation of nanoparticle fate after cellular delivery (i.e., avoid lysosomal degradation). Branched amphiphilic peptide capsules (BAPCs) are peptide nanoparticles that have been and are being explored as delivery systems for nucleic acids and other therapeutic molecules in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we determined the cellular uptake routes of BAPCs with and without a magnetic nanobead core (BAPc-MNBs) in two cell lines: macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells. We also studied the influence of size and growth media composition in this cellular process. Substituting the water-filled core with magnetic nanobeads might provide the peptide bilayer nanocapsules with added functionalities, facilitating their use in bio/immunoassays, magnetic field guided drug delivery, and magnetofection among others. Results suggest that BAPc-MNBs are internalized into the cytosol using more than one endocytic pathway. Flow cytometry and analysis of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) demonstrated that cell viability was minimally impacted by BAPc-MNBs. Cellular uptake pathways of peptide vesicles remain poorly understood, particularly with respect to endocytosis and intracellular trafficking. Outcomes from these studies provide a fundamental understanding of the cellular uptake of this peptide-based delivery system which will allow for strengthening of their delivery capabilities and expanding their applications both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Natarajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 141 Chalmers Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jonathan D Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences, 101 Life Science Bldg, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Nitish Kunte
- Department of Biological Sciences, 101 Life Science Bldg, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Wayne B Hunter
- U.S. Horticultural Research Lab, USDA, ARS, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945, United States
| | - Sherry D Fleming
- Division of Biology, 116 Ackert Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - John M Tomich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 141 Chalmers Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - L Adriana Avila
- Department of Biological Sciences, 101 Life Science Bldg, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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33
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Barton SM, Janve VA, McClure R, Anderson A, Matsubara JA, Gore JC, Pham W. Lipopolysaccharide Induced Opening of the Blood Brain Barrier on Aging 5XFAD Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 67:503-513. [PMID: 30584141 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of neurotherapeutics for many neurodegenerative diseases has largely been hindered by limited pharmacologic penetration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Previous attempts to target and clear amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, a key mediator of neurodegenerative changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD), have had limited clinical success due to low bioavailability in the brain because of the BBB. Here we test the effects of inducing an inflammatory response to disrupt the BBB in the 5XFAD transgenic mouse model of AD. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin recognized by the innate immune system, was injected at varying doses. 24 hours later, mice were injected with either thioflavin S, a fluorescent Aβ-binding small molecule or 30 nm superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles, both of which are unable to penetrate the BBB under normal physiologic conditions. Our results showed that when pretreated with 3.0 mg/kg LPS, thioflavin S can be found in the brain bound to Aβ plaques in aged 5XFAD transgenic mice. Following the same LPS pretreatment, SPIO nanoparticles could also be found in the brain. However, when done on wild type or young 5XFAD mice, limited SPIO was detected. Our results suggest that the BBB in aged 5XFAD mouse model is susceptible to increased permeability mediated by LPS, allowing for improved delivery of the small molecule thioflavin S to target Aβ plaques and SPIO nanoparticles, which are significantly larger than antibodies used in clinical trials for immunotherapy of AD. Although this approach demonstrated efficacy for improved delivery to the brain, LPS treatment resulted in significant weight loss even at low doses, resulting from the induced inflammatory response. These findings suggest inducing inflammation can improve delivery of small and large materials to the brain for improved therapeutic or diagnostic efficacy. However, this approach must be balanced with the risks of systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Barton
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Vaibhav A Janve
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Richard McClure
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Adam Anderson
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joanne A Matsubara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John C Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wellington Pham
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
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Koh SM, Chan CK, Teo SH, Singh S, Merican A, Ng WM, Abbas A, Kamarul T. Elevated plasma and synovial fluid interleukin-8 and interleukin-18 may be associated with the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis. Knee 2020; 27:26-35. [PMID: 31917106 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2019.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a multifactorial degenerative disease typically defined as the 'wear and tear' of articular joint cartilage. However, recent studies suggest that OA is a disease arising from chronic low-grade inflammation. We conducted a study to investigate the relationship between chronic inflammatory mediators present in both the systemic peripheral blood system and localised inflammation in synovial fluid (SF) of OA and non-OA knees; and subsequently made direct comparative analyses to understand the mechanisms that may underpin the processes involved in OA. METHODS 20-Plex proteins were quantified using Human Magnetic Luminex® assay (R&D Systems, USA) from plasma and SF of OA (n = 14) and non-OA (n = 14) patients. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software was used to predict the relationship and possible interaction of molecules pertaining to OA. RESULTS There were significant differences in plasma level for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, interleukin (IL)-27, IL-8, IL-4, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, MMP-1, IL-15, IL-21, IL-10, and IL-1 beta between the groups, as well as significant differences in SF level for IL-15, IL-8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), MMP-1, and IL-18. Our predictive OA model demonstrated that toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), TLR4 and IL-1 were the main regulators of IL-1B, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-21, IL-27, MMP-1 and MMP-3 in the plasma system; whilst IL-1B, TLR4, IL-1, and basigin (BSG) were the regulators of IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-18, IL-21, IL-27, MMP-1, and MMP-3 in the SF system. CONCLUSION The elevated plasma IL-8 and SF IL-18 may be associated with the pathogenesis of OA via the activation of MMP-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Koh
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C K Chan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S H Teo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Merican
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - W M Ng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Abbas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - T Kamarul
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Chakraborty P, Dipankar P, Dash SP, Priya, Srivastava S, Dhyani R, Navani NK, Sharma D, Sarangi PP. Electrostatic Surface Potential of Macrophages Correlates with Their Functional Phenotype. Inflammation 2019; 43:641-650. [PMID: 31838662 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages exist in various functional phenotypes, which could be identified by specific surface molecules. Previous studies have shown that modulation of surface charges could alter the phagocytic function of macrophages. In this study, we show that activation of both human peripheral blood monocyte and THP-1-derived macrophages with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or IL-1β resulted in a significant decrease in the zeta potential compared to freshly isolated monocytes and unstimulated macrophages. Interestingly, interaction with bacteria significantly increased the zeta potential of such cells irrespective of activation conditions. Similarly, IFNγ-treated pro-inflammatory macrophages showed lesser negative zeta potential compared to untreated control. A moderate reduction was also seen in IL-4-treated anti-inflammatory subtype. Additionally, in an LPS-induced systemic inflammation model, bone marrow cells isolated after 2 h of LPS injection showed significant reduction in zeta potential compared to naïve cells. Furthermore, electrostatic potential measurement of surface proteins associated with pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophages, using in silico modeling under physiological and protonation conditions, showed that the average electrostatic potential of pro-inflammatory type surface proteins was less negative than anti-inflammatory subtype. These data suggest that the expression of different protein molecules on macrophages under different environments may contribute to the zeta potential and that this quick and low-cost technique could be used in monitoring macrophage functional phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papiya Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pankaj Dipankar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shiba Prasad Dash
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Priya
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shreya Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajat Dhyani
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Navani
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pranita P Sarangi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
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Lee HR, Shin SH, Kim JH, Sohn KY, Yoon SY, Kim JW. 1-Palmitoyl-2-Linoleoyl-3-Acetyl-rac-Glycerol (PLAG) Rapidly Resolves LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury Through the Effective Control of Neutrophil Recruitment. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2177. [PMID: 31620122 PMCID: PMC6759802 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute respiratory failure that is associated with excessive neutrophil recruitment and high mortality. To assess the efficacy of 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) as a therapeutic agent for ALI, this compound was administered orally to mice challenged with an intranasal dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Using this model, we found that PLAG promotes resolution of ALI through effective control of LPS-induced neutrophil infiltration, endothelial permeability, and inflammatory chemokine production. In addition, the Toll like Receptor 4 (TLR4) endocytosis/exocytosis cycle was significantly accelerated in Raw 264.7 cells co-treated with PLAG/LPS, as compared to cells treated only with LPS. During this cycle, a PLAG-induced exotoxin clearance pathway was observed to occur through the prompt assembly of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) units and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which ultimately lead to earlier LPS clearance. We further detected reduced expression, as well as faster return to homeostatic levels, of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, in PLAG/LPS- vs. LPS-treated cells. MIP-2 is a main inducer of neutrophil migration that is mainly controlled by interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) activation and is involved in the TLR4 endosomal-signaling pathway. PLAG induced TLR4-mediated TRIF-related adaptor molecules/Toll-interleukin receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor protein including interferon (IFN)-β/IRF3 endosomal signaling, leading to rapid association of TRAM/TRIF and TLR4 and earlier IRF3 phosphorylation in PLAG/LPS-treated vs. LPS-treated cells. PLAG specificity was further verified with PLAG analogs and metabolites known to control excessive neutrophil infiltration, suggesting that this acetylated diacylglycerol has a unique biological role in neutrophil motility. Thus, our data indicate that PLAG may represent a potential therapeutic agent for resolution of LPS-induced lung inflammation through effective MIP-2 modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Su-Hyun Shin
- Division of Systems Biology and Bioengineering, Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joo Heon Kim
- Department of Pathology, EulJi University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | | | - Jae Wha Kim
- Division of Systems Biology and Bioengineering, Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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37
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Shin KK, Park JG, Hong YH, Aziz N, Park SH, Kim S, Kim E, Cho JY. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Licania macrocarpa Cuatrec Methanol Extract Target Src- and TAK1-Mediated Pathways. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:4873870. [PMID: 31611922 PMCID: PMC6757254 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4873870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Licania macrocarpa Cuatrec methanol extract (Lm-ME) in vitro and in vivo and found pharmacological target proteins of Lm-ME in TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling. This extract reduced NO production and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines such as iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, and IL-1β. In the NF-κB- and AP-1-mediated luciferase reporter gene assay, transcription factor activities decreased under cotransfection with MyD88 or TRIF. Phosphorylated protein levels of Src, PI3K, IKKα/β, and IκBα as well as p50 and p65 in the NF-κB signal pathway were downregulated, and phosphorylation of TAK1, MEK1/2, MKK4/7, and MKK3/6 as well as ERK, JNK, and p38 was decreased in the AP-1 signal pathway. Through overexpression of HA-Src and HA-TAK1, respectively, Lm-ME inhibited autophosphorylation of overexpressed proteins and thereby activated fewer downstream signaling molecules. Lm-ME also attenuated stomach ulcers in an HCl/EtOH-induced acute gastritis model mice, and COX-2 mRNA expression and phosphorylated TAK1 levels in gastric tissues were diminished. The flavonoids kaempferol and quercetin were identified in the HPLC analysis of Lm-ME; both are actively anti-inflammatory. Therefore, these results suggest that Lm-ME can be used for anti-inflammatory remedy by targeting Src and TAK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kon Kuk Shin
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gwang Park
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Division of Translational Science, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Han Hong
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Nur Aziz
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Park
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggyu Kim
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Research and Business Foundation, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Histone Acetyltransferase-Dependent Pathways Mediate Upregulation of NADPH Oxidase 5 in Human Macrophages under Inflammatory Conditions: A Potential Mechanism of Reactive Oxygen Species Overproduction in Atherosclerosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3201062. [PMID: 31565149 PMCID: PMC6745143 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3201062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetylation plays a major role in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Monocyte-derived macrophages express functional NADPH oxidase 5 (Nox5) that contributes to oxidative stress in atherogenesis. The mechanisms of Nox5 regulation are not entirely elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression pattern of key histone acetyltransferase subtypes (p300, HAT1) in human atherosclerosis and to determine their role in mediating the upregulation of Nox5 in macrophages under inflammatory conditions. Human nonatherosclerotic and atherosclerotic tissue samples were collected in order to determine the expression of p300 and HAT1 isoforms, H3K27ac, and Nox5. In vitro determinations were done on human macrophages exposed to lipopolysaccharide in the absence or presence of histone acetyltransferase inhibitors. Western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, transfection, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were employed. The protein levels of p300 and HAT1 isoforms, H3K27ac, and Nox5 were found significantly elevated in human atherosclerotic specimens. Immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence staining revealed that p300, HAT1, H3K27ac, H3K9ac, and Nox5 proteins were colocalized in the area of CD45+/CD68+ immune cells and lipid-rich deposits within human atherosclerotic plaques. Lipopolysaccharide induced the levels of HAT1, H3K27ac, H3K9ac, and Nox5 and the recruitment of p300 and HAT1 at the sites of active transcription within Nox5 gene promoter in cultured human macrophages. Pharmacological inhibition of histone acetyltransferase significantly reduced the Nox5 gene and protein expression in lipopolysaccharide-challenged macrophages. The overexpression of p300 or HAT1 enhanced the Nox5 gene promoter activity. The histone acetyltransferase system is altered in human atherosclerosis. Under inflammatory conditions, HAT subtypes control Nox5 overexpression in cultured human macrophages. The data suggest the existence of a new epigenetic mechanism underlying oxidative stress in atherosclerosis.
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Wen Y, Peng D, Li C, Hu X, Bi S, Song L, Peng B, Zhu J, Chen Y, Yu R. A new polysaccharide isolated from Morchella importuna fruiting bodies and its immunoregulatory mechanism. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:8-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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40
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Moon PD, Lee JS, Kim HY, Han NR, Kang I, Kim HM, Jeong HJ. Heat-treated Lactobacillus plantarum increases the immune responses through activation of natural killer cells and macrophages on in vivo and in vitro models. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:467-474. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Phil-Dong Moon
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- 2 Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Soo Lee
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yun Kim
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Ra Han
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Inyeong Kang
- 3 Biogenicskorea Co., Ltd., Seoul 06628, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- 4 Department of Food Science & Technology and Biochip Research Center, Hoseo University, Chungnam 31499, Republic of Korea
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41
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He P, Dong Z, Wang Q, Zhan QP, Zhang MM, Wu H. Structural Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activity of a Polysaccharide from Eurycoma longifolia. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:169-176. [PMID: 30714735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A polysaccharide, Ali-1, was isolated from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia, a popular traditional medicinal herb in Malaysia. The structure of Ali-1 was characterized by monosaccharide, methylation, and NMR data analyses. The average molecular weight of Ali-1 is 14.3 ku, and it is composed of arabinose (14.31%), xylose (57.69%), galacturonic acid (13.03%), and glucuronic acid (14.86%). The main chain comprises (1→4)-linked xylose residues. It has branch points in the main chain; (1→2,4)-linked xylose residues, 1,2-linked glucuronic acid residues, and 1,2-linked arabinose residues form the branches, and the branches are terminated with T-linked galacturonic acid residues and T-linked arabinose residues. Ali-1 significantly improves the pinocytic and phagocytic abilities of RAW264.7 cells and facilitates cytokine secretion according to an immunostimulation assay. These results demonstrate that Ali-1 has potential as a functional supplement for people with compromised immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping He
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Dong
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Ping Zhan
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Meng Zhang
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , People's Republic of China
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42
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Ren D, Zhao Y, Zheng Q, Alim A, Yang X. Immunomodulatory effects of an acidic polysaccharide fraction from herbal Gynostemma pentaphyllum tea in RAW264.7 cells. Food Funct 2019; 10:2186-2197. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00219g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new acidic polysaccharide (GPTP-3) with a molecular weight of 2.49 × 106 Da was extracted and purified from Gynostemma pentaphyllum tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Life Sciences
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Life Sciences
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
| | - Quan Zheng
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control
- and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
| | - Aamina Alim
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control
- and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control
- and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
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Kim DO, Byun JE, Seong HA, Yoon SR, Choi I, Jung H. Thioredoxin-interacting protein-derived peptide (TN13) inhibits LPS-induced inflammation by inhibiting p38 MAPK signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 507:489-495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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44
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Yang Y, Gu H, Sun Q, Wang J. Effects of Christensenella minuta lipopolysaccharide on RAW 264.7 macrophages activation. Microb Pathog 2018; 125:411-417. [PMID: 30290268 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Christensenella minuta (C. minuta) is a gram-negative gastrointestinal bacterium associated with weight loss. However, recent studies have shown that C. minuta might be a potential pathogen and thus limited its application in the control of obesity. Research into the genetic characteristics and pathogenicity of C. minuta remain elusive. As a major virulence factor of gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can induce various diseases. In this study, we report the complete genome sequence of C. minuta and have also identified some genes related to LPS biosynthesis. The structure of C. minuta LPS, detected by SDS-PAGE, was different from that of Escherichia coli (E. coli) LPS. The incubation of RAW 264.7 macrophages with C. minuta LPS resulted in lower levels of cellular proliferation, phagocytosis and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation as compared to incubation with E. coli LPS. Furthermore, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production, was induced in C. minuta LPS-treated cells but to a much lower extent than that by E. coli LPS. These findings show that C. minuta LPS acts as a weak agonist for RAW 264.7 macrophages and can only trigger a weak inflammatory response through the NF-κB signalling pathway. In conclusion, these results suggest that the toxicity of C. minuta LPS is significantly attenuated due to its atypical structure and weak agonist activity for RAW 264.7 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyin Yang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huawei Gu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuli Sun
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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45
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López P, Sánchez M, Perez-Cruz C, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Syeda T, Aguilar-López M, Rocha-Viggiano AK, Del Carmen Silva-Lucero M, Torre-Villalvazo I, Noriega LG, Torres N, Tovar AR. Long-Term Genistein Consumption Modifies Gut Microbiota, Improving Glucose Metabolism, Metabolic Endotoxemia, and Cognitive Function in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800313. [PMID: 29979819 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim of this study is to assess whether the long-term addition of genistein to a high-fat diet can ameliorate the metabolic and the cognitive alterations and whether the changes can be associated with modifications to the gut microbiota. METHODS AND RESULTS C57/BL6 mice were fed either a control (C) diet, a high-fat (HF) diet, or a high-fat diet containing genistein (HFG) for 6 months. During the study, indirect calorimetry, IP glucose tolerance tests, and behavioral analyses were performed. At the end of the study, plasma, liver, brain, and fecal samples were collected. The results showed that mice fed the HFG diet gained less weight, had lower serum triglycerides, and an improvement in glucose tolerance than those fed an HF diet. Mice fed the HFG diet also modified the gut microbiota that was associated with lower circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver compared to those fed HF diet. The reduction in LPS by the consumption of genistein was accompanied by an improvement of the cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS Genistein is able to regulate the gut microbiota, reducing metabolic endotoxemia and decreasing the neuroinflammatory response despite the consumption of a HF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia López
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mónica Sánchez
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Claudia Perez-Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Laura A Velázquez-Villegas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Tauqeerunnisa Syeda
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Miriam Aguilar-López
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ana K Rocha-Viggiano
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - María Del Carmen Silva-Lucero
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ivan Torre-Villalvazo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lilia G Noriega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, México
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Li Y, Xu F, Zheng M, Xi X, Cui X, Han C. Maca polysaccharides: A review of compositions, isolation, therapeutics and prospects. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:894-902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Xie J, Zou L, Luo X, Qiu L, Wei Q, Luo D, Wu Y, Jiao Y. Structural characterization and immunomodulating activities of a novel polysaccharide from Nervilia fordii. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:520-528. [PMID: 29578012 PMCID: PMC7112443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nervilia fordii (Hance) Schltr. has been widely used as a medicinal and edible herb in Southwest China and Southeast Asia. In this study, NFP-1, a new water-soluble polysaccharidewith a purity of 97.8%, was purified from water extract of Nervilia fordii by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography. NFP-1 has a relative molecular weight of 950 kDa determined by high performance gel-permeation chromatography (HPGPC). Its monosaccharide compositions were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after pre-column derivatizing its hydrolysate with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). NFP-1 mainly consists of galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, and galacturonic acid. Based on FT-IR, methylation and GC–MS analysis, and NMR, the structure unit of NFP-1 was established as →4)-α-Rhap-(2→ 4)-α-GalpA-(1→2)-α-Rhap-(1→2)-α-Rhap-(4→1)-β-Galp-T containing two branch chains of →2,4)-α-Rhap-(1→5)-α-Araf-(1→3)-α-Araf-(1→, and →2,4)-α-Rhap-(1→4)-β-Galp-(1→. The immunomodulatory assays revealed the dual-functionalities of NFP-1. NFP-1 could significantly induce the secretion of nitric oxide (NO), and promote the secretions of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in RAW264.7 macrophages. NFP-1 could also significantly inhibit the production of NO, depress the secretions of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in RAW264.7 macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and promote the production of IL-10 meanwhile. Our study suggested that Nervilia fordii could be an ideal medicinal or functional food due to its dual immunomodulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhao Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Luhui Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Xuan Luo
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Li Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China.
| | - Qian Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Di Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Yunqiu Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
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Liver nitrosation and inflammation in septic rats were suppressed by propofol via downregulating TLR4/NF-κB-mediated iNOS and IL-6 gene expressions. Life Sci 2018; 195:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Kulkarni N, Kantar A, Costella S, Ragazzo V, Piacentini G, Boner A, O'Callaghan C. Macrophage Phagocytosis and Allergen Avoidance in Children With Asthma. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:206. [PMID: 30116724 PMCID: PMC6082964 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Airway macrophages perform the crucial functions of presenting antigens, clearing pathogens, and apoptotic cells. Macrophage phagocytosis is increased in adults with mild asthma and allergen exposure is known to activate macrophages. However, it is not clear whether the mechanism behind this is due to a primary defect or environmental factors such as allergen or lipopolysaccaride (LPS) exposure. Our aim was to assess the phagocytic function of airway macrophages in children with mild to moderate asthma after residence in a low allergen\LPS environment at high altitude. Methods: Sputum induction was performed in children with asthma at baseline and after residence for a 3 weeks' period at a high-altitude asthma center that has very low ambient allergen levels. The markers of eosinophilic inflammation (including percentage of macrophage cytoplasm with red hue) and phagocytosis of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled, heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus by airway macrophages was analyzed. Internalized bacteria were quantified using confocal microscopy. Results: The median bacterial count [mean (standard deviation)] per macrophage was significantly lower [39.55 (4.51) vs. 73.26 (39.42) (p = 0.006)] after residence at high altitude. No association was observed between markers of eosinophilic inflammation and bacterial phagocytosis. Conclusions: The results suggest that the mechanism behind the enhanced phagocytosis of bacteria in childhood asthma may be secondary to allergen or possibly LPS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Kulkarni
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmad Kantar
- Pediatric Cough and Asthma Center, Istituti Ospedalieri Bergamaschi, University and Research Hospitals, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Silvia Costella
- High Altitude Paediatric Asthma Centre in Misurina, Pio XII Institute, Belluno, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ragazzo
- Department of Pediatrics, Versilia Hospital, Lido di Camaiore, Italy
| | - Giorgio Piacentini
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics, and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Attilio Boner
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics, and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Christopher O'Callaghan
- Respiratory, Critical Care and Anaesthesia, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Radulović NS, Todorovska MM, Zlatković DB, Stojanović NM, Randjelović PJ. Two goitrogenic 1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione derivatives from Brassicales taxa: Challenging identification, occurrence and immunomodulatory effects. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 110:94-108. [PMID: 29017835 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
1,3-Oxazolidine-2-thione derivatives are glucosinolate-related food constituents known to impart (thyreo)toxic properties to some cruciferous vegetables. In this work, 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione and (-)-(R)-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione, known goitrogens, were isolated from Draba lasiocarpa Rochel (Brassicaceae) and Reseda luteola L. (Resedaceae), respectively, and were fully spectrally characterized. Subsequently, the occurrence of the two 1,3-oxazolidine-2-thiones was verified in six additional taxa out of in total 78 screened Serbian Brassicales taxa. The stereochemistry of 5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione was inferred from nuclear magnetic resonance experiments with a chiral lanthanide-shift reagent, employed in this work for the first time for this type of compounds. Unexpectedly, during gas chromatography, 5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione underwent an unreported thermal core isomerization (1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione to 1,3-thiazolidine-2-one). These goitrogenic volatile glucosinolate products were tested for their effect on rat macrophage viability (three assays) and nitric oxide production. It was shown that the compounds displayed different levels of cytotoxicity. All tested compounds caused a significant lactate dehydrogenase leakage, but only (R)-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione statistically significantly reduced macrophage mitochondrial activity, whereas the racemic 5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione and 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione had little or no effect. Again only (R)-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione exerted nitric oxide production-inhibiting properties, suggesting the higher immunomodulatory potential of this enantiomer compared with its antipode and racemic mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko S Radulović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
| | - Milica M Todorovska
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Dragan B Zlatković
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Nikola M Stojanović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Dr Zoran Ðinđić Boulevard 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Pavle J Randjelović
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Dr Zoran Ðinđić Boulevard 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
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