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Chen W, Deng Y, Li Y, Huang X, Ma C, Huang W, Wang R, Zheng Z, Wang M, Zhang H. Environmental BaP/BPDE suppressed trophoblast cell invasion/migration and induced miscarriage by down-regulating lnc-HZ01/MEST/VIM axis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 278:116409. [PMID: 38701656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Environmental benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and itsmetabolite benzo(a)pyrene-7, 8-dihydrodiol-9, 10-epoxide (BPDE), classic endocrine disrupting chemical and persistent organic pollutant, could cause miscarriage. However, the detailed mechanisms are still largely unclear and should be further explored. In this study, we discovered that exposure of trophoblast cells with BPDE could suppressed cell invasion/migration by inhibiting MEST/VIM (Vimentin) pathway. Moreover, BPDE exposure also increased lnc-HZ01 expression level, which further inhibited MEST/VIM pathway and then suppressed invasion/migration. Knockdown of lnc-HZ01 or overexpression of MEST could efficiently rescue invasion/migration of BPDE-exposed Swan 71 cells. Furthermore, lnc-HZ01 was highly expressed and MEST/VIM were lowly expressed in recurrent miscarriage (RM) villous tissues compared with healthy control (HC) group. Finally, we also found that BaP exposure inhibited murine Mest/Vim pathway in placental tissues and induced miscarriage in BaP-exposed mice. Therefore, the regulatory mechanisms were similar in BPDE-exposed human trophoblast cells, RM villous tissues, and placental tissues of BaP-exposed mice with miscarriage, building a bridge to connect BaP/BPDE exposure, invasion/migration, and miscarriage. This study provided novel insights in the toxicological effects and molecular mechanisms of BaP/BPDE-induced miscarriage, which is helpful for better elucidating the toxicological risks of BaP/BPDE on female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Chen
- Research Center for Environment and Female Reproductive Health, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Yuanlv Deng
- Research Center for Environment and Female Reproductive Health, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Xinying Huang
- Research Center for Environment and Female Reproductive Health, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Chenglong Ma
- Research Center for Environment and Female Reproductive Health, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Wenxin Huang
- Research Center for Environment and Female Reproductive Health, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Research Center for Environment and Female Reproductive Health, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Zhaodian Zheng
- Research Center for Environment and Female Reproductive Health, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Manli Wang
- Research Center for Environment and Female Reproductive Health, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Huidong Zhang
- Research Center for Environment and Female Reproductive Health, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China.
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Guan R, Cai R, Guo B, Wang Y, Zhao C. A Data-Driven Computational Framework for Assessing the Risk of Placental Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7770-7781. [PMID: 38665120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
A computational framework based on placental gene networks was proposed in this work to improve the accuracy of the placental exposure risk assessment of environmental compounds. The framework quantitatively characterizes the ability of compounds to cross the placental barrier by systematically considering the interaction and pathway-level information on multiple placental transporters. As a result, probability scores were generated for 307 compounds crossing the placental barrier based on this framework. These scores were then used to categorize the compounds into different levels of transplacental transport range, creating a gradient partition. These probability scores not only facilitated a more intuitive understanding of a compound's ability to cross the placental barrier but also provided valuable information for predicting potential placental disruptors. Compounds with probability scores greater than 90% were considered to have significant transplacental transport potential, whereas those with probability scores less than 80% were classified as unlikely to cross the placental barrier. Furthermore, external validation set results showed that the probability score could accurately predict the compounds known to cross the placental barrier. In conclusion, the computational framework proposed in this study enhances the intuitive understanding of the ability of compounds to cross the placental barrier and opens up new avenues for assessing the placental exposure risk of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ruitong Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Binbin Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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3
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Dai Y, Xu X, Huo X, Faas MM. Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on pregnancy, placenta, and placental trophoblasts. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115314. [PMID: 37536008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of persistent organic pollutants that are carcinogenic, mutagenic, endocrine-toxic, and immunotoxic. PAHs can be found in maternal and fetal blood and in the placenta during pregnancy. They may thus affect placental and fetal development. Therefore, the exposure levels and toxic effects of PAHs in the placenta deserve further study and discussion. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the effects of PAHs and their metabolites on pregnancy and birth outcomes and on placental trophoblast cells. A growing number of epidemiological studies detected PAH-DNA adducts as well as the 16 high-priority PAHs in the human placenta and showed that placental PAH exposure is associated with adverse fetal outcomes. Trophoblasts are important cells in the placenta and are involved in placental development and function. In vitro studies have shown that exposure to either PAH mixtures, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) or BaP metabolite benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) affected trophoblast cell viability, differentiation, migration, and invasion through various signaling pathways. Furthermore, similar effects of BPDE on trophoblast cells could also be observed in BaP-treated mouse models and were related to miscarriage. Although the current data show that PAHs may affect placental trophoblast cells and pregnancy outcomes, further studies (population studies, in vitro studies, and animal studies) are necessary to show the specific effects of different PAHs on placental trophoblasts and pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Dai
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
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Yusoff NA, Abd Hamid Z, Budin SB, Taib IS. Linking Benzene, in Utero Carcinogenicity and Fetal Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niches: A Mechanistic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076335. [PMID: 37047305 PMCID: PMC10094243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research reported that prolonged benzene exposure during in utero fetal development causes greater fetal abnormalities than in adult-stage exposure. This phenomenon increases the risk for disease development at the fetal stage, particularly carcinogenesis, which is mainly associated with hematological malignancies. Benzene has been reported to potentially act via multiple modes of action that target the hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs) niche, a complex microenvironment in which HSCs and multilineage hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) reside. Oxidative stress, chromosomal aberration and epigenetic modification are among the known mechanisms mediating benzene-induced genetic and epigenetic modification in fetal stem cells leading to in utero carcinogenesis. Hence, it is crucial to monitor exposure to carcinogenic benzene via environmental, occupational or lifestyle factors among pregnant women. Benzene is a well-known cause of adult leukemia. However, proof of benzene involvement with childhood leukemia remains scarce despite previously reported research linking incidences of hematological disorders and maternal benzene exposure. Furthermore, accumulating evidence has shown that maternal benzene exposure is able to alter the developmental and functional properties of HSPCs, leading to hematological disorders in fetus and children. Since HSPCs are parental blood cells that regulate hematopoiesis during the fetal and adult stages, benzene exposure that targets HSPCs may induce damage to the population and trigger the development of hematological diseases. Therefore, the mechanism of in utero carcinogenicity by benzene in targeting fetal HSPCs is the primary focus of this review.
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Notardonato I, Fantasma F, Monaco P, Di Fiore C, Saviano G, Giancola C, Avino P, De Felice V. The Presence of Ultra-Traces of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and Heavy Metals in Some Areas of Molise: The Importance of a "Blank" in Public Health Studies. TOXICS 2023; 11:250. [PMID: 36977015 PMCID: PMC10059250 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The emission of chemicals into the environment has increased in a not negligible way as a result of the phenomenon of globalization and industrialization, potentially also affecting areas always considered as "uncontaminated". In this paper, five "uncontaminated" areas were analyzed in terms of the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (HMs), comparing them with an "environmental blank". Chemical analyses were carried out using standardized protocols. The 'environmental blank' results revealed the presence of Cu (<64.9 μg g-1), Ni (<37.2 μg g-1), and Zn (<52.6 μg g-1) as HMs and fluorene (<17.0 ng g-1) and phenanthrene (<11.5 ng g-1) as PAHs. However, regarding the results of the pollution status of the areas under study, fluorene (#S1, 0.34 ng g-1; #S2, 4.3 ng g-1; #S3, 5.1 ng g-1; #S4, 3.4 ng g-1; #S5, 0.7 ng g-1) and phenanthrene (#S1, 0. 24 ng g-1; #S2, 3.1 ng g-1; #S3, 3.2 ng g-1; #S4, 3.3 ng g-1; #S5, 0.5 ng g-1) were found in all areas, while the other PAHs investigated were detected at a concentration averaging less than 3.3 ng g-1. HMs were found in all of the investigated areas. In particular, Cd was detected in all areas with an average concentration of less than 0.036 μg g-1, while Pb was absent in area #S5, but present in the other areas with an average concentration of less than 0.018 μg g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Notardonato
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Francesca Fantasma
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, C. da Fonte Lappone, I-86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Pamela Monaco
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, C. da Fonte Lappone, I-86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Cristina Di Fiore
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Gabriella Saviano
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, C. da Fonte Lappone, I-86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Carmen Giancola
- Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (IIA), National Research Council (CNR), Rome Research Area-Montelibretti, I-00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Pasquale Avino
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy
- Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (IIA), National Research Council (CNR), Rome Research Area-Montelibretti, I-00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Felice
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, C. da Fonte Lappone, I-86090 Pesche, Italy
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Chiarello DI, Ustáriz J, Marín R, Carrasco-Wong I, Farías M, Giordano A, Gallardo FS, Illanes SE, Gutiérrez J. Cellular mechanisms linking to outdoor and indoor air pollution damage during pregnancy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1084986. [PMID: 36875486 PMCID: PMC9974835 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1084986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancies are a critical window period for environmental influences over the mother and the offspring. There is a growing body of evidence associating indoor and outdoor air pollution exposure to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Particulate matter (PM) could trigger oxi-inflammation and could also reach the placenta leading to placental damage with fetal consequences. The combination of strategies such as risk assessment, advise about risks of environmental exposures to pregnant women, together with nutritional strategies and digital solutions to monitor air quality can be effective in mitigating the effects of air pollution during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia I. Chiarello
- Cellular Signaling and Differentiation Laboratory (CSDL), School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Ustáriz
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Reinaldo Marín
- Center for Biophysics and Biochemistry (CBB), Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Ivo Carrasco-Wong
- Cellular Signaling and Differentiation Laboratory (CSDL), School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Farías
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ady Giordano
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry and of Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe S. Gallardo
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián E. Illanes
- Reproductive Biology Program, Center for Biomedical Research and Innovation (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Gutiérrez
- Cellular Signaling and Differentiation Laboratory (CSDL), School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
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Das DN, Ravi N. Influences of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon on the epigenome toxicity and its applicability in human health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113677. [PMID: 35714684 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The existence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air is an escalating concern worldwide because of their ability to cause cancer and induce permanent changes in the genetic material. Growing evidence implies that during early life-sensitive stages, the risk of progression of acute and chronic diseases depends on epigenetic changes initiated by the influence of environmental cues. Several reports deciphered the relationship between exposure to environmental chemicals and epigenetics, and have known toxicants that alter the epigenetic states. Amongst PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is accepted as a group 1 cancer-causing agent by the International Agency for the Research on Cancer (IARC). B[a]P is a well-studied pro-carcinogen that is metabolically activated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/cytochrome P450 pathway. Cytochrome P450 plays a pivotal role in the stimulation step, which is essential for DNA adduct formation. Accruing evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations assume a fundamental part in PAH-promoted carcinogenesis. This interaction between PAHs and epigenetic factors results in an altered profile of these marks, globally and locus-specific. Some of the epigenetic changes due to exposure to PAHs lead to increased disease susceptibility and progression. It is well understood that exposure to environmental carcinogens, such as PAH triggers disease pathways through changes in the genome. Several evidence reported due to the epigenome-wide association studies, that early life adverse environmental events may trigger widespread and persistent variations in transcriptional profiling. Moreover, these variations respond to DNA damage and/or a consequence of epigenetic modifications that need further investigation. Growing evidence has associated PAHs with epigenetic variations involving alterations in DNA methylation, histone modification, and micro RNA (miRNA) regulation. Epigenetic alterations to PAH exposure were related to chronic diseases, such as pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, endocrine disruptor, nervous system disorder, and cancer. This hormetic response gives a novel perception concerning the toxicity of PAHs and the biological reaction that may be a distinct reliance on exposure. This review sheds light on understanding the latest evidence about how PAHs can alter epigenetic patterns and human health. In conclusion, as several epigenetic change mechanisms remain unclear yet, further analyses derived from PAHs exposure must be performed to find new targets and disease biomarkers. In spite of the current limitations, numerous evidence supports the perception that epigenetics grips substantial potential for advancing our knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of environmental toxicants, also for predicting health-associated risks due to environmental circumstances exposure and individual susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Nandini Das
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nathan Ravi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA; Institute for Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Veterans Affairs St. Louis Hospital, St. Louis, MO, 63106, USA.
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Bukowska B, Mokra K, Michałowicz J. Benzo[ a]pyrene-Environmental Occurrence, Human Exposure, and Mechanisms of Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6348. [PMID: 35683027 PMCID: PMC9181839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is the main representative of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and has been repeatedly found in the air, surface water, soil, and sediments. It is present in cigarette smoke as well as in food products, especially when smoked and grilled. Human exposure to B[a]P is therefore common. Research shows growing evidence concerning toxic effects induced by this substance. This xenobiotic is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP P450) to carcinogenic metabolite: 7β,8α-dihydroxy-9α,10α-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE), which creates DNA adducts, causing mutations and malignant transformations. Moreover, B[a]P is epigenotoxic, neurotoxic, and teratogenic, and exhibits pro-oxidative potential and causes impairment of animals' fertility. CYP P450 is strongly involved in B[a]P metabolism, and it is simultaneously expressed as a result of the association of B[a]P with aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), playing an essential role in the cancerogenic potential of various xenobiotics. In turn, polymorphism of CYP P450 genes determines the sensitivity of the organism to B[a]P. It was also observed that B[a]P facilitates the multiplication of viruses, which may be an additional problem with the widespread COVID-19 pandemic. Based on publications mainly from 2017 to 2022, this paper presents the occurrence of B[a]P in various environmental compartments and human surroundings, shows the exposure of humans to this substance, and describes the mechanisms of its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Bukowska
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska Str. 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (K.M.); (J.M.)
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Schraw JM, Rodriguez KB, Scheurer ME, Foster JH, Lupo PJ. Associations of demographic and perinatal factors with childhood neuroblastoma in Texas, 1995–2011. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 78:102165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Perono GA, Petrik JJ, Thomas PJ, Holloway AC. The effects of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) on mammalian ovarian function. Curr Res Toxicol 2022; 3:100070. [PMID: 35492299 PMCID: PMC9043394 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2022.100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicity of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) is limited to a subset of PACs. Exposure to these compounds impact major processes necessary for ovarian function. PAC exposure causes follicle loss and aberrant steroid production and angiogenesis. PAC exposure may increase the risk for impaired fertility and ovarian pathologies. The study of PACs as ovarian toxicants should include additional compounds.
Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) are a broad class of contaminants ubiquitously present in the environment due to natural and anthropogenic activities. With increasing industrialization and reliance on petroleum worldwide, PACs are increasingly being detected in different environmental compartments. Previous studies have shown that PACs possess endocrine disruptive properties as these compounds often interfere with hormone signaling and function. In females, the ovary is largely responsible for regulating reproductive and endocrine function and thus, serves as a primary target for PAC-mediated toxicity. Perturbations in the signaling pathways that mediate ovarian folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis and angiogenesis can lead to adverse reproductive outcomes including polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian insufficiency, and infertility. To date, the impact of PACs on ovarian function has focused predominantly on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons like benzo(a)pyrene, 3-methylcholanthrene and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. However, investigation into the impact of substituted PACs including halogenated, heterocyclic, and alkylated PACs on mammalian reproduction has been largely overlooked despite the fact that these compounds are found in higher abundance in free-ranging wildlife. This review aims to discuss current literature on the effects of PACs on the ovary in mammals, with a particular focus on folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis and angiogenesis, which are key processes necessary for proper ovarian functions.
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Karalexi MA, Katsimpris A, Panagopoulou P, Bouka P, Schüz J, Ntzani E, Petridou ET. Maternal lifestyle factors and risk of neuroblastoma in the offspring: A meta-analysis including Greek NARECHEM-ST primary data. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 77:102055. [PMID: 35026707 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.102055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of childhood neuroblastoma remains largely unknown. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we summarized and quantitatively synthesized published evidence on the association of maternal modifiable lifestyle factors with neuroblastoma risk in the offspring. We searched MEDLINE up to December 31, 2020 for eligible studies assessing the association of maternal smoking, alcohol consumption and nutritional supplementation during pregnancy with childhood (0-14 years) neuroblastoma risk. Random-effects models were run, and summary odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) on the relevant associations were calculated, including estimates derived from primary data (n = 103 cases and n = 103 controls) of the Nationwide Registry for Childhood Hematological Malignancies and Solid Tumors (NARECHEM-ST) case control study (2009-2017) in Greece. Twenty-one eligible studies amounting 5163 cases participating in both case-control and cohort/linkage studies were included in the meta-analysis. Maternal smoking and alcohol consumption were not statistically significantly associated with neuroblastoma risk (summary ORsmoking: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.96-1.22, I2 =12.0%, n = 17 studies; summary ORalcohol: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.82-1.18, I2 =0.0%, n = 8 studies). By contrast, maternal vitamin intake during pregnancy was associated with significantly lower neuroblastoma risk (summary OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34-0.95, I2 =58.9%, n = 4 studies). The results of the largest to-date meta-analysis point to an inverse association between vitamin intake during pregnancy and childhood neuroblastoma risk. Future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm and further specify these associations as to guide preventive efforts on modifiable maternal risk factors of childhood neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Karalexi
- Hellenic Society for Social Pediatrics and Health Promotion, Athens, Greece; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Andreas Katsimpris
- Hellenic Society for Social Pediatrics and Health Promotion, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Panagiota Bouka
- Hellenic Society for Social Pediatrics and Health Promotion, Athens, Greece
| | - Joachim Schüz
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Evangelia Ntzani
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece; Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Eleni Th Petridou
- Hellenic Society for Social Pediatrics and Health Promotion, Athens, Greece; Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
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Mendoza-Sanchez I, Uwak I, Myatt L, Van Cleve A, Pulczinski JC, Rychlik KA, Sweet S, Ramani T, Zietsman J, Zamora ML, Koehler K, Carrillo G, Johnson NM. Maternal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in South Texas, evaluation of silicone wristbands as personal passive samplers. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 32:280-288. [PMID: 34131287 PMCID: PMC8920889 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is associated with adverse health effects in children. Valid exposure assessment methods with accurate spatial and temporal resolution across pregnancy is a critical need for advancing environmental health studies. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to quantify maternal PAH exposure in pregnant women residing in McAllen, Texas where the prematurity rate and childhood asthma prevalence rates are high. A secondary objective was to compare PAH levels in silicone wristbands deployed as passive samplers with concentrations measured using standardized active air-sampling techniques. METHODS Participants carried a backpack that contained air-sampling equipment (i.e., filter and XAD sorbent) and a silicone wristband (i.e., passive sampler) for three nonconsecutive 24-h periods. Filters, XAD tubes, and wristbands were analyzed for PAHs. RESULTS The median level of exposure for the sum of 16 PAHs measured via active sampling over 24 h was 5.54 ng/m3 (filters) and 43.82 ng/m3 (XADs). The median level measured in wristbands (WB) was 586.82 ng/band. Concentrations of the PAH compounds varied across sampling matrix type. Phenanthrene and fluorene were consistently measured for all participants and in all matrix types. Eight additional volatile PAHs were measured in XADs and WBs; the median level of exposure for the sum of these eight PAHs was 342.98 ng/m3 (XADs) and 632.27 ng/band. The silicone wristbands (WB) and XAD sorbents bound 1-methynaphthalyne, 2-methylnaphthalene, biphenyl following similar patterns of detection. SIGNIFICANCE Since prior studies indicate linkages between PAH exposure and adverse health outcomes in children at the PAH levels detected in our study, further investigation on the associated health effects is needed. Data reflect the ability of silicone wristbands to bind smaller molecular weight, semivolatile PAHs similar to XAD resin. Application of wristbands as passive samplers may be useful in studies evaluating semivolatile PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itza Mendoza-Sanchez
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Inyang Uwak
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Louise Myatt
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Allison Van Cleve
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jairus C Pulczinski
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristal A Rychlik
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Sweet
- Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Tara Ramani
- Environment and Air Quality Division, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Josias Zietsman
- Environment and Air Quality Division, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Misti Levy Zamora
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kirsten Koehler
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Genny Carrillo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Natalie M Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, TX, USA.
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Huovinen M, Ietta F, Repo J, Paulesu L, Vähäkangas K. The effect of ethanol and nicotine on ER stress in human placental villous explants. Curr Res Toxicol 2022; 3:100081. [PMID: 35814289 PMCID: PMC9256831 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2022.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine increased the GRP78/BiP protein in first trimester and term placental villous explants. Nicotine can cause endoplasmic reticulum stress in human placenta. Placental villous explants can be isolated from first trimester and term placenta to compare responses to toxic compounds.
Pregnant mothers continue smoking and drinking during pregnancy. To clarify the mechanisms of nicotine and ethanol toxicity during development, we have examined their effects on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in human first trimester and term placental explants. First trimester and term human placental explants were treated with ethanol (2 ‰) or nicotine (15 µM), or their combination. The ER stress markers glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78/BiP) and inositol requiring enzyme 1 α (IRE1α) were analyzed by immunoblotting. A statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) of GRP78/BiP by nicotine was noted in first trimester placental explants at 48 h, and in term placental explants at 24 h. Ethanol did not change protein expression of GRP78/BiP in either first trimester or term placental explants. IRE1α increased, although not statistically significantly, by all treatments in both first trimester and term placental explants. Thus, regardless of the known structural and functional differences in early and late placenta, both responded very similarly to the toxic compounds studied. These data support our earlier results in BeWo cells (Repo et al., 2014) implicating that nicotine induces ER stress in human placenta and may interfere with placental functions potentially disrupting fetal growth and development.
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Nakamura A, François O, Lepeule J. Epigenetic Alterations of Maternal Tobacco Smoking during Pregnancy: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5083. [PMID: 34064931 PMCID: PMC8151244 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In utero exposure to maternal tobacco smoking is the leading cause of birth complications in addition to being associated with later impairment in child's development. Epigenetic alterations, such as DNA methylation (DNAm), miRNAs expression, and histone modifications, belong to possible underlying mechanisms linking maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes and later child's development. The aims of this review were to provide an update on (1) the main results of epidemiological studies on the impact of in utero exposure to maternal tobacco smoking on epigenetic mechanisms, and (2) the technical issues and methods used in such studies. In contrast with miRNA and histone modifications, DNAm has been the most extensively studied epigenetic mechanism with regard to in utero exposure to maternal tobacco smoking. Most studies relied on cord blood and children's blood, but placenta is increasingly recognized as a powerful tool, especially for markers of pregnancy exposures. Some recent studies suggest reversibility in DNAm in certain genomic regions as well as memory of smoking exposure in DNAm in other regions, upon smoking cessation before or during pregnancy. Furthermore, reversibility could be more pronounced in miRNA expression compared to DNAm. Increasing evidence based on longitudinal data shows that maternal smoking-associated DNAm changes persist during childhood. In this review, we also discuss some issues related to cell heterogeneity as well as downstream statistical analyses used to relate maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy and epigenetics. The epigenetic effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy have been among the most widely investigated in the epigenetic epidemiology field. However, there are still huge gaps to fill in, including on the impact on miRNA expression and histone modifications to get a better view of the whole epigenetic machinery. The consistency of maternal tobacco smoking effects across epigenetic marks and across tissues will also provide crucial information for future studies. Advancement in bioinformatic and biostatistics approaches is key to develop a comprehensive analysis of these biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Nakamura
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Olivier François
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire TIMC, CNRS UMR 5525, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Johanna Lepeule
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, 38000 Grenoble, France;
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Mathiesen L, Buerki-Thurnherr T, Pastuschek J, Aengenheister L, Knudsen LE. Fetal exposure to environmental chemicals; insights from placental perfusion studies. Placenta 2021; 106:58-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Zhou X, Zhang X, Wu Z, Xu X, Guo M, Zhai X, Zuo D, Wu Y. The novel ALK inhibitor ZX-29 induces apoptosis through inhibiting ALK and inducing ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress in Karpas299 cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22666. [PMID: 33140567 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It is a well-known fact that 60%-85% of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is mainly driven by the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion protein. Although ALK-positive ALCL patients respond significantly to ALK inhibitors, the development of resistance is inevitable, which requires the development of new therapeutic strategies for ALK-positive ALCL. Here, we investigated the anticancer activities of N-(2((5-chloro-2-((2-methoxy-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3yl)amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)phenyl)methanesulfonamide (ZX-29), a newly synthesized ALK inhibitor, against nucleophosmin-ALK-positive cell line Karpas299. We demonstrated that ZX-29 decreased Karpas299 cells growth and had better cytotoxicity than ceritinib, which was mediated through downregulating the expression of ALK and related proteins, inducing cell cycle arrest, and promoting cell apoptosis. Moreover, ZX-29-induced cell apoptosis by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). In addition, ZX-29 increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cells pretreatment with N-acetyl- l-cysteine could attenuate ZX-29-induced cell apoptosis and ERS. Taken together, ZX-29 inhibited Karpas299 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis through inhibiting ALK and its downstream protein expression and inducing ROS-mediated ERS. Therefore, our results provide evidence for a novel antitumor candidate for the further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuzhu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaobo Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Daiying Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Rousseaux S, Seyve E, Chuffart F, Bourova-Flin E, Benmerad M, Charles MA, Forhan A, Heude B, Siroux V, Slama R, Tost J, Vaiman D, Khochbin S, Lepeule J. Immediate and durable effects of maternal tobacco consumption alter placental DNA methylation in enhancer and imprinted gene-containing regions. BMC Med 2020; 18:306. [PMID: 33023569 PMCID: PMC7542140 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although exposure to cigarette smoking during pregnancy has been associated with alterations of DNA methylation in the cord blood or placental cells, whether such exposure before pregnancy could induce epigenetic alterations in the placenta of former smokers has never been investigated. METHODS Our approach combined the analysis of placenta epigenomic (ENCODE) data with newly generated DNA methylation data obtained from 568 pregnant women, the largest cohort to date, either actively smoking during their pregnancy or formerly exposed to tobacco smoking. RESULTS This strategy resulted in several major findings. First, among the 203 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) identified by the epigenome-wide association study, 152 showed "reversible" alterations of DNA methylation, only present in the placenta of current smokers, whereas 26 were also found altered in former smokers, whose placenta had not been exposed directly to cigarette smoking. Although the absolute methylation changes were smaller than those observed in other contexts, such as in some congenital diseases, the observed alterations were consistent within each DMR. This observation was further supported by a demethylation of LINE-1 sequences in the placentas of both current (beta-coefficient (β) (95% confidence interval (CI)), - 0.004 (- 0.008; 0.001)) and former smokers (β (95% CI), - 0.006 (- 0.011; - 0.001)) compared to nonsmokers. Second, the 203 DMRs were enriched in epigenetic marks corresponding to enhancer regions, including monomethylation of lysine 4 and acetylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 (respectively H3K4me1 and H3K27ac). Third, smoking-associated DMRs were also found near and/or overlapping 10 imprinted genes containing regions (corresponding to 16 genes), notably including the NNAT, SGCE/PEG10, and H19/MIR675 loci. CONCLUSIONS Our results pointing towards genomic regions containing the imprinted genes as well as enhancers as preferential targets suggest mechanisms by which tobacco could directly impact the fetus and future child. The persistence of significant DNA methylation changes in the placenta of former smokers supports the hypothesis of an "epigenetic memory" of exposure to cigarette smoking before pregnancy. This observation not only is conceptually revolutionary, but these results also bring crucial information in terms of public health concerning potential long-term detrimental effects of smoking in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Rousseaux
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Emie Seyve
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Florent Chuffart
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Meriem Benmerad
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Aline Charles
- Université de Paris, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), INSERM, INRAE, Paris, France
| | - Anne Forhan
- Université de Paris, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), INSERM, INRAE, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université de Paris, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), INSERM, INRAE, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Siroux
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Remy Slama
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jorg Tost
- Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA - Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Evry, France
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Genomics, Epigenetics and Physiopathology of Reproduction, Institut Cochin, U1016 Inserm - UMR 8104 CNRS - Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Saadi Khochbin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Johanna Lepeule
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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Blanco-Castañeda R, Galaviz-Hernández C, Souto PCS, Lima VV, Giachini FR, Escudero C, Damiano AE, Barragán-Zúñiga LJ, Martínez-Aguilar G, Sosa-Macías M. The role of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in the placenta: a growing research field. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:247-263. [PMID: 32129110 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1733412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The placenta is a temporary and unique organ that allows for the physical connection between a mother and fetus; this organ regulates the transport of gases and nutrients mediating the elimination of waste products contained in the fetal circulation. The placenta performs metabolic and excretion functions, on the basis of multiple enzymatic systems responsible for the oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and conjugation of xenobiotics. These mechanisms give the placenta a protective role that limits the fetal exposure to harmful compounds. During pregnancy, some diseases require uninterrupted treatment even if it is detrimental to the fetus. Drugs and other xenobiotics alter gene expression in the placenta with repercussions for the fetus and mother's well-being.Areas covered: This review provides a brief description of the human placental structure and function, the main drug and xenobiotic transporters and metabolizing enzymes, placenta-metabolized substrates, and alterations in gene expression that the exposure to xenobiotics may cause.Expert opinion: Research should be focused on the identification and validation of biological markers for the assessment of the harmful effects of some drugs in pregnancy, including the evaluation of polymorphisms and methylation patterns in chorionic villous samples and/or amniotic fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paula C S Souto
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Universidad Federal De Mato Grosso, Barra Do Garcas, Brazil
| | - Victor Vitorino Lima
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Universidad Federal De Mato Grosso, Barra Do Garcas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Giachini
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Universidad Federal De Mato Grosso, Barra Do Garcas, Brazil
| | - Carlos Escudero
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis (GIANT) Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health) Basic Sciences Department Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Del Bio-Bio, Chillan, Chile
| | - Alicia E Damiano
- Laboratorio De Biología De La Reproducción, IFIBIO Houssay-UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento De Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad De Farmacia Y Bioquimica, Buenos Aires, UBA, Argentina
| | | | - Gerardo Martínez-Aguilar
- Unidad De Investigación Biomédica - Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) Durango, Durango, México
| | - Martha Sosa-Macías
- Academia De Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-CIIDIR Durango, Durango, Mexico
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19
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Mohammed AM, Huuskonen P, Juvonen R, Sahlman H, Repo J, Myöhänen K, Myllynen P, Woo CSJ, Karttunen V, Vähäkangas K. Activities of metabolizing enzymes in human placenta. Toxicol Lett 2020; 326:70-77. [PMID: 32113805 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the transfer across the placenta, placenta displays hormonal and xenobiotic metabolism, as well as enzymatic defense against oxidative stress. We analyzed aromatase (CYP19A1), uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronyltransferase (UGT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) activities in over 70 placentas from nonsmokers stored at -80 °C from former perfusion studies. A wide interindividual variation in all activities was found. Longterm storage at -80 °C did not affect the activities. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD, CYP1A1) was not detected in any of the studied placentas perfused with chemicals. Several compounds in placental perfusion changed statistically significantly the enzyme activities in placental tissue. Melamine and nicotine increased CYP19A1, melamine increased UGT and GST, PhIP with ethanol decreased CYP19A1 and increased GST, and PhIP with buprenorphine decreased CAT. Antipyrine in 100 μg/ml also changed the studied enzyme activities, but not statistically significantly. Because antipyrine is a reference compound in placental perfusions, its potential effects must be taken into account in human placental perfusion. Enzyme activities deserve further studies as biomarkers of placental toxicity. Finally, enzyme activities deserve further studies as biomarkers of placental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mustafa Mohammed
- School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Pasi Huuskonen
- School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Risto Juvonen
- School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Heidi Sahlman
- School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Jenni Repo
- Farenta Oy (a part of Oriola), Orionintie 5, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kirsi Myöhänen
- European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), The author's Contribution Was Done in a Personal Capacity, It Constitutes the author's Opinion, and It Is Not an Official Position of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), Finland
| | - Päivi Myllynen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Chit-Shing Jackson Woo
- School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Vesa Karttunen
- School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Kirsi Vähäkangas
- School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.
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20
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Maciel-Ruiz JA, López-Rivera C, Robles-Morales R, Veloz-Martínez MG, López-Arellano R, Rodríguez-Patiño G, Petrosyan P, Govezensky T, Salazar AM, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Montero-Montoya R, Gonsebatt ME. Prenatal exposure to particulate matter and ozone: Bulky DNA adducts, plasma isoprostanes, allele risk variants, and neonate susceptibility in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:428-442. [PMID: 30706525 DOI: 10.1002/em.22276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mexico City's Metropolitan Area (MCMA) includes Mexico City and 60 municipalities of the neighbor states. Inhabitants are exposed to emissions from over five million vehicles and stationary sources of air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) and ozone. MCMA PM contains elemental carbon and organic carbon (OC). OCs include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), many of which induce mutagenic and carcinogenic DNA adducts. Gestational exposure to air pollution has been associated with increased risk of intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth or low birth weight risk, and PAH-DNA adducts. These effects also depend on the presence of risk alleles. We investigated the presence of bulky PAH-DNA adducts, plasma 8-iso-PGF2α (8-iso-prostaglandin F2α ) and risk allele variants in neonates cord blood and their non-smoking mothers' leucocytes from families that were living in a highly polluted area during 2014-2015. The presence of adducts was significantly associated with both PM2.5 and PM10 levels, mainly during the last trimester of gestation in both neonates and mothers, while the last month of pregnancy was significant for the association between ozone levels and maternal plasma 8-iso-PGF2α . Fetal CYP1B1*3 risk allele was associated with increased adduct levels in neonates while the presence of the maternal allele significantly reduced the levels of fetal adducts. Maternal NQO1*2 was associated with lower maternal levels of adducts. Our findings suggest the need to reduce actual PM limits in MCMA. We did not observe a clear association between PM and/or adduct levels and neonate weight, length, body mass index, Apgar or Capurro score. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:428-442, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Maciel-Ruiz
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cristina López-Rivera
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rogelio Robles-Morales
- División de Investigación de la Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia 3 "Dr. Victor Manuel Espinosa de los Reyes Sánchez", Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Maria G Veloz-Martínez
- División de Investigación de la Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia 3 "Dr. Victor Manuel Espinosa de los Reyes Sánchez", Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Raquel López-Arellano
- LEDEFAR, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuatitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Patiño
- LEDEFAR, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuatitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Pavel Petrosyan
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Tzipe Govezensky
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ana M Salazar
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Regina Montero-Montoya
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Maria E Gonsebatt
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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21
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Drwal E, Rak A, Gregoraszczuk EL. Differential effects of ambient PAH mixtures on cellular and steroidogenic properties of placental JEG-3 and BeWo cells. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 86:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Transplacental exposure to carcinogens and risks to children: evidence from biomarker studies and the utility of omic profiling. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:833-857. [PMID: 30859261 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The factors underlying the increasing rates and the geographic variation of childhood cancers are largely unknown. Epidemiological studies provide limited evidence for a possible role in the etiology of certain types of childhood cancer of the exposure of pregnant women to environmental carcinogens (e.g., tobacco smoke and pesticides); however, such evidence is inadequate to allow definitive conclusions. Complementary evidence can be obtained from biomarker-based population studies. Such studies have demonstrated that, following exposure of pregnant mothers, most environmental carcinogens reach the fetus and, in many cases, induce therein genotoxic damage which in adults is known to be associated with increased cancer risk, implying that environmental carcinogens may contribute to the etiology of childhood cancer. During recent years, intermediate disease biomarkers, obtained via omic profiling, have provided additional insights into the impact of transplacental exposures on fetal tissues which, in some cases, are also compatible with a precarcinogenic role of certain in utero exposures. Here we review the epidemiological and biomarker evidence and discuss how further research, especially utilizing high-density profiling, may allow a better evaluation of the links between in utero environmental exposures and cancer in children.
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Transplacental transfer and metabolism of diuron in human placenta. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:307-313. [PMID: 30010034 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diuron is a broad-spectrum phenylurea derived herbicide which is commonly used across the globe. Diuron is toxic to the reproductive system of animals and carcinogenic to rat urothelium, and recently found to be genotoxic in human cells. In in vivo, it is metabolized predominately into 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl urea (DCPMU) in humans and 3-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)urea (DCPU) in animals. Information on diuron toxicokinetics and related toxicity in human placenta is absent. We have investigated the toxicokinetics of diuron in ex vivo human placental perfusion and in in vitro human placental microsomes and human trophoblastic cancer cells (BeWo). Diuron crossed human placenta readily in placental perfusion. Furthermore, diuron was metabolized into DCPMU in perfused placenta and in in vitro incubations using microsomes from placentas of smokers. In incubations with placental microsomes from non-smokers, and in BeWo cells, metabolism to DCPMU was detected but only with the highest used diuron concentration (100 μM). Diuron metabolism was inhibited upon addition of α-naphthoflavone, a CYP1A1 inhibitor, underscoring the role of CYP1A1 in the metabolism. In conclusion, it is evident that diuron crosses human placenta and diuron can be metabolized in the placenta to a toxic metabolite via CYP1A1. This implicates in vivo fetal exposure to diuron if pregnant women are exposed to diuron, which may result in fetotoxicity.
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Kobayashi S, Sata F, Sasaki S, Braimoh TS, Araki A, Miyashita C, Goudarzi H, Kobayashi S, Kishi R. Modification of adverse health effects of maternal active and passive smoking by genetic susceptibility: Dose-dependent association of plasma cotinine with infant birth size among Japanese women-The Hokkaido Study. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 74:94-103. [PMID: 28893607 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the individual dose-response effects of eight maternal polymorphisms encoding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-metabolizing and DNA-repair genes on prenatal cotinine levels according to infant birth size. METHODS In total, 3263 Japanese pregnant women were assigned to five groups based on plasma cotinine levels during the 8th month of pregnancy, as measured using ELISA (cut-offs: 0.21, 0.55, 11.48, and 101.67ng/mL). Analyses were performed using multiple linear regression. RESULTS Birth weight reduction showed a dose-dependent relationship with prenatal cotinine levels (P for trend<0.001). When considering the specific aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) (G>A, Arg554Lys; db SNP ID: rs2066853) and X-ray cross-complementing gene 1 (XRCC1) (C>T, Arg194Trp, rs1799782) genotypes, a larger birth weight reduction was noted among infants born to mothers with the highest cotinine level. CONCLUSION Infants born to women with specific AHR and XRCC1 genotypes may have higher genetic risks for birth weight reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan; Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Sata
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan; Health Center, Chuo University, 42-8, Ichigaya-Hommura-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8473, Japan
| | - Seiko Sasaki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Titilola Serifat Braimoh
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan; Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Houman Goudarzi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kobayashi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
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Kim SM, Lee HM, Hwang KA, Choi KC. Benzo(a)pyrene induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human choriocarcinoma cancer cells through reactive oxygen species-induced endoplasmic reticulum-stress pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 107:339-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang X, Li X, Jing Y, Fang X, Zhang X, Lei B, Yu Y. Transplacental transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in paired samples of maternal serum, umbilical cord serum, and placenta in Shanghai, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 222:267-275. [PMID: 28024810 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a high-priority public health concern. However, maternal to fetal transplacental transfer of PAHs has not been systematically studied. To investigate the transplacental transfer of PAHs from mother to fetus and determine the influence of lipophilicity (octanol-water partition coefficient, KOW) on transfer process, in the present study, we measured the concentrations of 15 PAHs in 95 paired maternal and umbilical cord serum, and placenta samples (in total 285 samples) collected in Shanghai, China. The average concentration of total PAHs was the highest in maternal serums (1290 ng g-1 lipid), followed by umbilical cord serums (1150 ng g-1 lipid). The value was the lowest in placenta samples (673 ng g-1 lipid). Low molecular weight PAHs were the predominant compounds in the three matrices. Increases in fish and meat consumption did not lead to increases in maternal PAH levels, and no obvious gender differences in umbilical cord serums were observed. The widespread presence of PAHs in umbilical cord serums indicated the occurrence of transplacental transfer. The ratios of PAH concentrations in umbilical cord serum to those in maternal serum (F/M) and the concentrations in placenta to those in maternal serum (P/M) of paired samples were analyzed to characterize the transfer process of individual PAHs. Most F/M ratios on lipid basis were close to one (range: 0.79 to 1.36), which suggested that passive diffusion may control the transplacental transfer of PAHs from maternal serum to the fetal circulation. The P/M and F/M values calculated on lipid basis showed that PAHs with lower KOW were more likely to transfer from mother to fetus via the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Ye Jing
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Xiangming Fang
- Shanghai Huangpu Maternity & Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai, 200020, PR China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Bingli Lei
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
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Rumrich IK, Viluksela M, Vähäkangas K, Gissler M, Surcel HM, Hänninen O. Maternal Smoking and the Risk of Cancer in Early Life - A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165040. [PMID: 27824869 PMCID: PMC5100920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of the well-known harmful effects on the fetus, many women continue smoking during pregnancy. Smoking as an important source of toxic chemicals may contribute to the developmental origin of diseases. OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to pursue the possible association between maternal smoking and cancer in early life. Specifically, we wanted to identify the associated early life cancer types, and to quantify the associations. METHODS In a systematic literature search 825 articles were identified in PubMed and Web of Science, and 55 more through the reference lists. Of these 62 fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in meta-analyses. Using Mantel-Haenszel or DerSimonian and Laird method, depending on heterogeneity of the studies, pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals for eight cancer types were calculated. RESULTS Smoking during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk for for brain and central nervous system tumors (OR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.02-1.17). Although the risk for lymphoma was also associated (OR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.05-1.34), it did not hold up in subgroup analyses. Leukemia was not found to be associated with maternal smoking. Five other cancer types (bone, soft tissue, renal, hepatic, and germ cell cancer) were also examined, but the number of studies was too limited to exclude the possibility of maternal smoking as a risk factor for cancer in offspring. CONCLUSIONS According to our meta-analyses, maternal smoking is associated with nervous system cancers, but not with leukemia in early life. Confirming or rejecting associations of maternal smoking with lymphoma and the five other cancer types requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Katharina Rumrich
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Health Protection, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Viluksela
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Health Protection, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Vähäkangas
- School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- Department of Information Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Family Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heljä-Marja Surcel
- Department of Health Protection, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | - Otto Hänninen
- Department of Health Protection, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
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Kobayashi S, Sata F, Sasaki S, Braimoh TS, Araki A, Miyashita C, Goudarzi H, Kobayashi S, Kishi R. Combined effects of AHR, CYP1A1, and XRCC1 genotypes and prenatal maternal smoking on infant birth size: Biomarker assessment in the Hokkaido Study. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 65:295-306. [PMID: 27592400 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the individual and combined effects of maternal polymorphisms encoding the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR; rs2066853), cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 (rs1048963), and the X-ray-complementing gene 1 (XRCC1; rs1799782) and prenatal smoking in relation to infant birth size. METHODS Totally, 3263 participants (1998 non-smokers and 1265 smokers) were included in the study between 2003 and 2007. Two groups of mothers were distinguished by plasma cotinine levels by ELISA measured during the third trimester (cut-off=11.48ng/mL). We conducted data analysis using multiple linear regression models. RESULTS Infants whose mothers smoked and had AHR-GG, CYP1A1-AG/GG, and XRCC1-CT/TT genotypes weighed, -145g less than those born of mothers who did not smoke and had the AHR-GA/AA, CYP1A1-AA, and XRCC1-CC genotypes (95% CI: -241, -50). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy with the combination of AHR, CYP1A1, and XRCC1 polymorphisms had lower birth size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan; Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Sata
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan; Health Center, Chuo University, 42-8, Ichigaya-Hommura-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8473, Japan
| | - Seiko Sasaki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Titilola Serifat Braimoh
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan; Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Houman Goudarzi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kobayashi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
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Palatnik A, Xin H, Su EJ. Dichotomous effects of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activation on human fetoplacental endothelial cell function. Placenta 2016; 44:61-8. [PMID: 27452439 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal cigarette smoking is associated with elevated fetoplacental vascular resistance and fetal growth restriction (FGR). While studies have demonstrated varying effects of nicotine on blood flow, the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), abundant toxins in cigarette smoke that cross the placenta, has not been elucidated. We hypothesized that exposure of human fetoplacental endothelial cells (ECs) to the PAH benzo[a]yrene (BaP) would result in up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2) and preferential production of vasoconstrictive prostanoids via activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway. METHODS ECs were isolated, cultured, and treated with vehicle or BaP. ECs were subjected to real-time PCR, western blotting, enzyme immunoassays, wound scratch assays, tube formation assays, and RNA interference against AHR. Statistical analyses were performed with Student's t-test, one-way ANOVA followed by multiple comparisons testing when appropriate, or the Kruskal-Wallis H test. RESULTS BaP induced PTGS2 expression (p < 0.05) and production of the stable metabolite of prostacyclin (p = 0.001) in fetoplacental ECs without affecting thromboxane. These effects were ablated by PTGS2 inhibition (p < 0.01) and RNA interference of AHR (p < 0.001). Surprisingly, despite the induction of prostacyclin, EC migration (p = 0.007) and tube formation (p = 0.003) were inhibited by BaP. AHR inhibition, however, rescued tube formation (p = 0.008). DISCUSSION BaP-mediated AHR activation results in induction of PTGS2 expression and enhanced production of prostacyclin metabolite. Despite an increase in this vasodilatory and pro-angiogenic prostanoid, BaP exposure also impairs EC migration and angiogenesis through AHR. This suggests that PAH may adversely affect the fetoplacental vasculature through its regulation of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Palatnik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Hong Xin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Emily J Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Huuskonen P, Amezaga MR, Bellingham M, Jones LH, Storvik M, Häkkinen M, Keski-Nisula L, Heinonen S, O'Shaughnessy PJ, Fowler PA, Pasanen M. The human placental proteome is affected by maternal smoking. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 63:22-31. [PMID: 27189315 PMCID: PMC4991937 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of maternal smoking on the term placental proteome was studied. Maternal smoking significantly affected 18% of protein spots. Maternal smoking affects systems controlling the development and function of placenta. The observed placental changes may contribute to the lowered birth weights.
Detrimental effects of maternal smoking on the term placental proteome and steroid-metabolizing activities, and maternal hormone levels, were studied by using seven non-smoker and seven smoker placentae. Smoking significantly affected 18% of protein spots. The functional networks affected were i) cell morphology, cellular assembly and organization, cellular compromise (15 hits) and ii) DNA replication, recombination, and repair, energy production, nucleic acid metabolism (6 hits). Smoking significantly up-regulated such proteins as, SERPINA1, EFHD1 and KRT8; and down-regulated SERPINB2, FGA and HBB. Although maternal plasma steroids were not significantly altered, the catalytic activity of CYP1A1 was increased whereas CYP19A1 activity was reduced by smoking. Furthermore, transcript expression of CYP1A1 and CYP4B1 were induced while HSD17B2, NFKB and TGFB1 were repressed by smoking. The observed smoking induced wide-spread changes on placental proteome and transcript levels may contribute to the lowered birth weights of the new-born child and placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasi Huuskonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria R Amezaga
- Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Michelle Bellingham
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Lucy H Jones
- Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Markus Storvik
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Merja Häkkinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leea Keski-Nisula
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kuopio University Hospital, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Heinonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kuopio University Hospital, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Peter J O'Shaughnessy
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Paul A Fowler
- Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Markku Pasanen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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New in vitro biomarkers to detect toxicity in human placental cells: The example of benzo[A]pyrene. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 32:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Criteria and challenges of the human placental perfusion – Data from a large series of perfusions. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1482-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Pedersen M, Mendez MA, Schoket B, Godschalk RW, Espinosa A, Landström A, Villanueva CM, Merlo DF, Fthenou E, Gracia-Lavedan E, van Schooten FJ, Hoek G, Brunborg G, Meltzer HM, Alexander J, Nielsen JK, Sunyer J, Wright J, Kovács K, de Hoogh K, Gutzkow KB, Hardie LJ, Chatzi L, Knudsen LE, Anna L, Ketzel M, Haugen M, Botsivali M, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Cirach M, Toledano MB, Smith RB, Fleming S, Agramunt S, Kyrtopoulos SA, Lukács V, Kleinjans JC, Segerbäck D, Kogevinas M. Environmental, dietary, maternal, and fetal predictors of bulky DNA adducts in cord blood: a European mother-child study (NewGeneris). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:374-80. [PMID: 25626179 PMCID: PMC4383575 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bulky DNA adducts reflect genotoxic exposures, have been associated with lower birth weight, and may predict cancer risk. OBJECTIVE We selected factors known or hypothesized to affect in utero adduct formation and repair and examined their associations with adduct levels in neonates. METHODS Pregnant women from Greece, Spain, England, Denmark, and Norway were recruited in 2006-2010. Cord blood bulky DNA adduct levels were measured by the 32P-postlabeling technique (n = 511). Diet and maternal characteristics were assessed via questionnaires. Modeled exposures to air pollutants and drinking-water disinfection by-products, mainly trihalomethanes (THMs), were available for a large proportion of the study population. RESULTS Greek and Spanish neonates had higher adduct levels than the northern European neonates [median, 12.1 (n = 179) vs. 6.8 (n = 332) adducts per 108 nucleotides, p < 0.001]. Residence in southern European countries, higher maternal body mass index, delivery by cesarean section, male infant sex, low maternal intake of fruits rich in vitamin C, high intake of dairy products, and low adherence to healthy diet score were statistically significantly associated with higher adduct levels in adjusted models. Exposure to fine particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide was associated with significantly higher adducts in the Danish subsample only. Overall, the pooled results for THMs in water show no evidence of association with adduct levels; however, there are country-specific differences in results with a suggestion of an association in England. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a combination of factors, including unknown country-specific factors, influence the bulky DNA adduct levels in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pedersen
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
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Thompson LM, Yousefi P, Peñaloza R, Balmes J, Holland N. Genetic modification of the effect of maternal household air pollution exposure on birth weight in Guatemalan newborns. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 50:19-26. [PMID: 25305053 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Low birth weight is associated with exposure to air pollution during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether null polymorphisms of Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), specifically GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes in infants or mothers, modify the association between high exposures to household air pollution (HAP) from cooking fires and birth weight. Pregnant women in rural Guatemala were randomized to receive a chimney stove or continue to use open fires for cooking. Newborns were measured within 48 h of birth. 132 mother-infant pairs provided infant genotypes (n=130) and/or maternal genotypes (n=116). Maternal null GSTM1 was associated with a 144 g (95% CI, -291, 1) and combined maternal/infant null GSTT1 was associated with a 155 g (95% CI, -303, -8) decrease in birth weight. Although there was a trend toward higher birth weights with increasing number of expressed GST genes, the effect modification by chimney stove use was not demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Thompson
- Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, Box 0606, San Francisco, CA 94143-0606, United States.
| | - Paul Yousefi
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, United States
| | - Reneé Peñaloza
- Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, Box 0606, San Francisco, CA 94143-0606, United States
| | - John Balmes
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, United States; Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Nina Holland
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, United States
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Huang L, Gao D, Zhang Y, Wang C, Zuo Z. Exposure to low dose benzo[a]pyrene during early life stages causes symptoms similar to cardiac hypertrophy in adult zebrafish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 276:377-382. [PMID: 24922095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can lead to cardiac hypertrophy and recent research indicates that exposure to low dose crude oil during early embryonic development may lead to impacts on heart health at later life stages. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether exposure during early life stages to low dose benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), as a high-ring PAH, would lead to cardiac hypertrophy at later life stages. Zebrafish were exposed to low dose BaP until 96 hpf, then transferred to clean water and maintained for a year before histological and molecular biological analysis. Our results showed that exposure to low level BaP during early life stages increased heart weight to body weight ratios and deposited collagen in the heart of adult zebrafish. ANP, BNP and c-Myc were also induced in the heart of adult zebrafish by BaP. These results proved that low level BaP exposure during early life stages caused symptoms similar to cardiac hypertrophy in adult zebrafish. Our results displayed an elevated expression of CdC42, RhoA, p-ERK1, 2 and Rac1. Therefore, the mechanism of the cardiac hypertrophy caused by BaP exposure during early life stages may be through inducing the expression of CdC42, RhoA and Rac1, together with activating ERK1, 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Dongxu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Youyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Gregoraszczuk E, Ptak A, Karpeta A, Fiedor E, Wróbel A, Milewicz T, Falandysz J. Hexachlorobenzene and pentachlorobenzene accumulation, metabolism and effect on steroid secretion and on CYP11A1 and CYP19 expression in cultured human placental tissue. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 43:102-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vande Loock K, Decordier I, Plas G, Ciardelli R, Haumont D, Kirsch-Volders M. Lower nucleotide excision repair capacity in newborns compared to their mothers: a pilot study. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 43:67-71. [PMID: 24269554 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of the potential vulnerability of children and newborns and protection of their health is essential, especially regarding to genotoxic compounds. Benzo(a)pyrene B(a)P a commonly found carcinogen, and its metabolite BPDE, are known to cross the placenta. To investigate how well newborns are able to cope with BPDE-induced DNA damage, a recent developed nucleotide excision repair cell phenotype assay was applied in a pilot study of 25 newborn daughters and their mothers, using the Alkaline Comet Assay and taking demographic data into account. Newborns seemed to be less able to repair BPDE-induced DNA damage since lower repair capacity levels were calculated compared to their mothers although statistical significance was not reached. Assessment of repair capacity in combination with genotypes will provide important information to support preventive strategies in neonatal care and to define science based exposure limits for pregnant women and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Vande Loock
- Laboratory of Cell Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium.
| | - Ilse Decordier
- Laboratory of Cell Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Gina Plas
- Laboratory of Cell Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Roberta Ciardelli
- Neonatal Unit, St-Pierre University Hospital, Rue Haute 322, 1000 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Dominique Haumont
- Neonatal Unit, St-Pierre University Hospital, Rue Haute 322, 1000 Brussel, Belgium
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Pedersen M, Schoket B, Godschalk RW, Wright J, von Stedingk H, Törnqvist M, Sunyer J, Nielsen JK, Merlo DF, Mendez MA, Meltzer HM, Lukács V, Landström A, Kyrtopoulos SA, Kovács K, Knudsen LE, Haugen M, Hardie LJ, Gützkow KB, Fleming S, Fthenou E, Farmer PB, Espinosa A, Chatzi L, Brunborg G, Brady NJ, Botsivali M, Arab K, Anna L, Alexander J, Agramunt S, Kleinjans JC, Segerbäck D, Kogevinas M. Bulky dna adducts in cord blood, maternal fruit-and-vegetable consumption, and birth weight in a European mother-child study (NewGeneris). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:1200-6. [PMID: 23906905 PMCID: PMC3801201 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1206333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco-smoke, airborne, and dietary exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been associated with reduced prenatal growth. Evidence from biomarker-based studies of low-exposed populations is limited. Bulky DNA adducts in cord blood reflect the prenatal effective dose to several genotoxic agents including PAHs. OBJECTIVES We estimated the association between bulky DNA adduct levels and birth weight in a multicenter study and examined modification of this association by maternal intake of fruits and vegetables during pregnancy. METHODS Pregnant women from Denmark, England, Greece, Norway, and Spain were recruited in 2006-2010. Adduct levels were measured by the 32P-postlabeling technique in white blood cells from 229 mothers and 612 newborns. Maternal diet was examined through questionnaires. RESULTS Adduct levels in maternal and cord blood samples were similar and positively correlated (median, 12.1 vs. 11.4 adducts in 108 nucleotides; Spearman rank correlation coefficient = 0.66, p < 0.001). Cord blood adduct levels were negatively associated with birth weight, with an estimated difference in mean birth weight of -129 g (95% CI: -233, -25 g) for infants in the highest versus lowest tertile of adducts. The negative association with birth weight was limited to births in Norway, Denmark, and England, the countries with the lowest adduct levels, and was more pronounced in births to mothers with low intake of fruits and vegetables (-248 g; 95% CI: -405, -92 g) compared with those with high intake (-58 g; 95% CI: -206, 90 g). CONCLUSIONS Maternal exposure to genotoxic agents that induce the formation of bulky DNA adducts may affect intrauterine growth. Maternal fruit and vegetable consumption may be protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pedersen
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
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Al-Saleh I, Alsabbahen A, Shinwari N, Billedo G, Mashhour A, Al-Sarraj Y, Mohamed GED, Rabbah A. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as determinants of various anthropometric measures of birth outcome. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 444:565-78. [PMID: 23314068 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that are known to induce oxidative stress. There have been several reports about the link between PAH exposure and complications in pregnancy. This cross-sectional study was conducted to: (1) measure the levels of benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), chrysene (Ch), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (DBahA) in placentas and maternal and -umbilical cord blood obtained at delivery from 1578 women between June 2005 and 2006 in the area of Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia; (2) assess their influence on various anthropometric measures of birth outcome taking into consideration the carcinogenic properties of these PAHs; and (3) determine the degree of PAH-related oxidative DNA damage and birth outcome. Among the five tested PAHs, only BaP was carcinogenic; therefore, the levels of the other four probable or possible carcinogenic PAHs (BaA, Ch, BaF, and DBahA) were summed as ∑4-PAHs. Levels of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HP) were determined in maternal urine samples as a biomarker of PAH internal dose. Urinary cotinine (COT) was measured as an index of smoking. The following markers of oxidative stress were selected: malondialdehyde (MDA) in cord (C-MDA) and maternal (M-MDA) serum and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in maternal urine. None of the tested PAHs was found in maternal or cord blood. However, all five PAH compounds were detected in placentas; Ch was the highest (6.582 μg/kg dry wt.), and BaA was the lowest (0.236 μg/kg dry wt.). The mean concentration of urinary 1-HP found in this study was 0.216 ± 0.856 μg/g Cr. After adjusting for gestational age and other confounding variables, regression models revealed an inverse relationship between placental weight, cord length and placental BaP. A similar trend was observed between cord length and ∑4-PAHs in placental tissues. Urinary 1-HP, though, cannot be used as an unequivocal biomarker of PAH exposure, but it can be an appropriate indicator of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The data demonstrate that ETS exposure (as measured by urinary COT) may adversely affect birth outcome as shown by reduced head circumference, birth weight, and birth length, as well as increased cephalization index. The positive relationship between 8-OHdG levels and 1-HP in urine provides evidence of an oxidative stress mechanism. Although this study provides no direct evidence of an association between PAH exposure and DNA damage, increased oxidative stress in the form of lipid peroxidation significantly affected various birth measures. Therefore, there is a need for studies regarding PAH exposure and its associated biological effects to determine the extent of potential fetal damage as well as possible long-term effects, such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Al-Saleh
- Environmental Health Section, Biological & Medical Research Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Myllynen P, Vähäkangas K. Placental transfer and metabolism: an overview of the experimental models utilizing human placental tissue. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 27:507-12. [PMID: 22960472 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the decades several ex vivo and in vitro models which utilize delivered human placenta have been developed to study various placental functions. The use of models originating from human placenta to study transplacental transfer and related mechanisms is an attractive option because human placenta is relatively easily available for experimental studies. After delivery placenta has served its purpose and is usually disposed of. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of the use of human placental models for the studies on human placental transfer and related mechanisms such as transporter functions and xenobiotic metabolism. Human placental perfusion, the most commonly used continuous cell lines, primary cells and tissue culture, as well as subcellular fractions are briefly introduced and their major advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Myllynen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Mose T, Mathiesen L, Karttunen V, Nielsen J, Sieppi E, Kummu M, Mørck T, Myöhänen K, Partanen H, Vähäkangas K, Knudsen L, Myllynen P. Meta-analysis of data from human ex vivo placental perfusion studies on genotoxic and immunotoxic agents within the integrated European project NewGeneris. Placenta 2012; 33:433-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Halkoaho A, Kirsi Vähäkangas, Häggman-Laitila A, Pietilä AM. Views of midwives about ethical aspects of participation in placental perfusion studies. Midwifery 2012; 28:131-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Woo CSJ, Partanen H, Myllynen P, Vähäkangas K, El-Nezami H. Fate of the teratogenic and carcinogenic ochratoxin A in human perfused placenta. Toxicol Lett 2011; 208:92-9. [PMID: 22037670 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most frequent mycotoxins detected in human blood worldwide. Apart from its well known nephrotoxicity, OTA-induced teratogenicity and carcinogenicity proven in animals are potential effects also in humans. Pregnant women have been exposed to this food contaminant via dietary exposure in a continuous and widespread manner. Although the transplacental transfer of OTA has been demonstrated in laboratory animals and the presence of OTA in human fetal samples has been reported, little is known about the role of human placenta in OTA toxicokinetics. In this study, human perfused placenta was used to reveal the actual placental toxicokinetics of OTA using concentrations found in serum of pregnant women. Moreover, the effect of protein concentration and biological significance of placental transporters on the OTA transfer in human placenta were also determined. Our study is the first to pursue the transfer of OTA through perfused human placenta. The transfer of OTA through term human placenta was barely detectable in all perfusions. Inhibitors of neither ABCG2 nor ABCC2 increased the transport of OTA to fetal circulation in placental perfusion, and thus these transporters apparently do not have biological significance in inhibiting transplacental transfer of OTA. Human albumin has inhibited OTA transfer through a tight monolayer of BeWo b30 cells. Finding from this study clearly contradict the existing epidemiological studies reporting higher OTA levels in fetal than in maternal circulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chit Shing Jackson Woo
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Kirsi M, Kirsi V. Foetal Exposure to Food and Environmental Carcinogens in Human Beings. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 110:101-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00761.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Veid J, Karttunen V, Myöhänen K, Myllynen P, Auriola S, Halonen T, Vähäkangas K. Acute effects of ethanol on the transfer of nicotine and two dietary carcinogens in human placental perfusion. Toxicol Lett 2011; 205:257-64. [PMID: 21704686 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Many mothers use, against instructions, alcohol during pregnancy. Simultaneously mothers are exposed to a wide range of other environmental chemicals. These chemicals may also harm the developing fetus, because almost all toxic compounds can go through human placenta. Toxicokinetic effects of ethanol on the transfer of other environmental compounds through human placenta have not been studied before. It is known that ethanol has lytic properties and increases the permeability and fluidity of cell membranes. We studied the effects of ethanol on the transfer of three different environmental toxins: nicotine, PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine) and NDMA (N-nitrosodimethylamine) in placental perfusion. We tested in human breast cancer adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 whether ethanol affects ABCG2/BCRP, which is also the major transporter in human placenta. We found that the transfer of ethanol is comparable to that of antipyrine, which points to passive diffusion as the transfer mechanism. Unexpectedly, ethanol had no statistically significant effect on the transfer of the other studied compounds. Neither did ethanol inhibit the function of ABCG2/BCRP. These experiments represent only the effects of acute exposure to ethanol and chronic exposure remains to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Veid
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. BOX 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Stejskalova L, Vecerova L, Peréz LM, Vrzal R, Dvorak Z, Nachtigal P, Pavek P. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator expression in human and rat placentas and transcription activity in human trophoblast cultures. Toxicol Sci 2011; 123:26-36. [PMID: 21666223 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and its heterodimer aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator (ARNT) form a ligand-activated transcription complex that regulates expression of the AHR battery of target genes that includes the most important placental biotransformation enzyme cytochrome CYP1A1. Expression, placental localization, and ontogeny of AHR/Ahr and ARNT/Arnt have not been systematically studied in either human or rat placentas. Moreover, induction of such AHR target genes as CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, UGT1A1, and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), as well as of AHR, ARNT, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) genes, after exposure to AHR ligands have not been studied in human placental trophoblast cultures. In this article, we show that only CYP1A1 messenger RNA (mRNA), but not CYP1A2, CYP1B1, UGT1A1, BCRP, AHR, ARNT, and AHRR mRNAs, is significantly induced in human term placental trophoblast cultures after exposure to prototype AHR ligands/activators 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 3-methylcholanthrene, omeprazole, and β-naphthoflavone. We localized AHR/Ahr and ARNT/Arnt in rat placental trophoblasts throughout gestation and in first trimester and term human placental trophoblast, which comprise the crucial component of the maternal-fetal barrier. We demonstrate that rat Ahr and Cyp1a1 reached highest expression during gestation days 15 and 18, which might indicate different response to Ahr ligands in placental Cyp1a1 induction during rat gestation. We also propose the JEG3 choriocarcinoma cell line as a cellular model for human trophoblast induction studies through AHR. In conclusion, we describe expression and ontogeny of AHR/Ahr and ARNT/Arnt and systematically characterize induction of major AHR target genes in human placental trophoblast forming the placental maternal-fetal morphological and metabolic barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Stejskalova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Prenatal, early life, and childhood exposure to genotoxicants in the living environment. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2011; 61:455-64. [PMID: 21183437 DOI: 10.2478/10004-1254-61-2010-2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Health disorders and diseases related to environmental exposure in children such as cancer and immunologic disturbances (asthma, allergies) are on the rise. However, complex transplacental and prepubertal genotoxicology is given very limited consideration, even though intrauterine development and early childhood may be critical for elucidating the cancer aetiology. The foetus is transplacentally exposed to contaminants in food and environment such as various chemicals, drugs, radiochemically contaminated water and air. Target organs of xenobiotic action may differ between the mother and the foetus due to specific stage of developmental physiology and enzyme distribution. This in turn may lead to different levels of clastogenic and aneugenic metabolites of the same xenobiotic in the mother and the foetus. Adult's protective behaviour is not sufficient to isolate children from radioisotopes, pesticides, toxic metals and metalloids, environmental tobacco smoke, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and various food contaminants, which are just a part of the stressors present in a polluted environment. In order to improve legislation related to foetus and child exposure to genotoxic and possibly carcinogenic agents, oncologists, paediatricians, environmental health specialists, and genotoxicologists should work together much more closely to make a more effective use of accumulated scientific data, with the final aim to lower cancer incidence and mortality.
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Seasonality of spina bifida in Northern Germany. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2010; 284:849-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-010-1762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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