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Jurgelėnė Ž, Jagminas A, Montvydienė D, Stankevičiūtė M, Sauliutė G, Pažusienė J, Butrimienė R, Mikalauskaitė A, Jokšas K, Kazlauskienė N, Karabanovas V. Toxicity of different-sized cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2O 4) nanoparticles to Oncorhynchus mykiss at early development stages. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:39735-39747. [PMID: 38833050 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
As innovative and versatile agents with potential applications in a wide range of fields including medicine, electronics, wastewater treatment, cosmetics, and energy storage devices, magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are significant attention. However, our knowledge of the harmful effects of different-sized NPs, particularly of their effects on aquatic animals, is limited. In this study, we evaluated the impact of different-sized (sub-2, 5, and 15 nm) cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) NPs on the biological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos and larvae. The NPs were characterized using techniques such as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) for imaging, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for crystallographic analysis, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for elemental analysis, and were tested for impact through a series of toxicity, genotoxicity, and biochemical assays at a concentration of 100 mg/L. The obtained results showed that toxicity of CoFe2O4 NPs depended on the size of NPs and the developmental stage of the fish. Our results, which revealed significant changes in biological parameters of O. mykiss under exposure to CoFe2O4 NPs, imply that these NPs may be not environmentally safe. The hierarchical cluster analysis showed that embryos of the control group were clearly separated from those exposed to NPs of various sizes. However, in the exposed larvae, the effects of control and the smallest-sized NPs (sub-2 nm) differed from those induced by larger NPs (5 nm and 15 nm). Additional research is necessary to comprehend the mechanisms underlying the observed variations, which would be advantageous for both managing the risk of NPs to humans and advancing the field of aquatic nanotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Živilė Jurgelėnė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Laboratory of Biomedical Physics, National Cancer Institute, Baublio St. 3B, 08660, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Arūnas Jagminas
- State Research Institute Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Av. 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Gintarė Sauliutė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Janina Pažusienė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Agnė Mikalauskaitė
- State Research Institute Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Av. 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kęstutis Jokšas
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko St. 24, 03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Vitalijus Karabanovas
- Laboratory of Biomedical Physics, National Cancer Institute, Baublio St. 3B, 08660, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio Av. 11, 10223, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Fiaz S, Ahmed MN, Haq IU, Shah SWA, Waseem M. Green synthesis of cobalt ferrite and Mn doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles: Anticancer, antidiabetic and antibacterial studies. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 80:127292. [PMID: 37657265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CoFe2O4 are important magnetic NPs with high coercivity and moderate magnetization. These properties of CoFe2O4 NPs show variation when doped with various metals. Recent studies explained that Cobalt ferrites doped with metal ion like Mn+2, have attracted increasing attention in many applications, particularly in biomedical applications. A relatively simple way is employing plants and their extracts as precursors instead of toxic chemicals to produce NPs with desirable characteristic. In current study we report green synthesis and characterization of magnetic (CoFe2O4, MnCoFe2O4, CoFe2O4@S.C, MnCoFe2O4@S.C) nanoparticles using ethanolic extract of Swertia Chirata. To enhance application as biocompatible magnetic nano drug delivery vector and cell targeting efficacy of drugs, Glimepiride (GLM), Dexamethasone (DXM), Fexofenadine (FEX) and Levofloxacin (LVX) 1were loaded on synthesized NPs. Synthesized CFNPs has been broadly characterized and applied for in vitro anticancer, antidiabetic and antibacterial potential. METHODS For synthesis of CoFe2O4 (CF), CoMnFe2O4 (CFM), CoFe2O4@S.C (SCF) & CoMnFe2O4 @S.C (SCFM), stochiometric amounts 5 mmol of CoCl2·6 H2O (0.284 g) and 10 mmol FeCl3·6 H2O (0.378 g) were dissolved in 13 mL of deionized water. To this sodium acetate (3.05 g) and urea (0.6 g) were added until complete dissolution. Afterward n-heptane was added, and contents were then transferred to Teflon lining autoclave at 180 °C for 4 h. Black powder CoFe2O4 NPs after washing, were dried and calcined at 450 oC for 2 h. RESULTS XRD diffractogram of CF have proved the single-phase cubic spinel structure formation for all samples. Swertia Chirata formulations were shown to have effective in vitro antidiabetic activity. CF, CFM & SCFM showed good inhibition of α-glucosidase with very low concentration 6 µg/mL, 5 µg/mL and 4 µg/mL as compare to 12.41 µg/mL of acarbose. SCF showed that the value slightly higher than 16 µg/mL compared to standard. Drug loaded CFNPs (L-CFNPs, F-CFNPs, D-CFNPs & G-CFNPs) also effectively inhibited α-glucosidase. IC50 value for CFNPs inhibition of α-glucosidase was 12.4 µg/mL. All synthesized CF NPs showed cytotoxic potential against breast cancer cells MCF-7. About 50-60% cell viability and cytotoxicity 40% were observed for bare CFNPs as compare to Doxorubicin with related toxicity 80% and 20% cell viability. Among synthesized samples almost all samples without conjugation of any drug showed activities against at least one bacterial strain. CFM, SCF, SCFM were active against S. aureus at concentration 100 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL, and 50 µg/mL respectively. CONCLUSION The synthesized CF NPs showed significant cytotoxic potential against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Further, drug loaded samples displayed lesser cell viability and slightly increased cytotoxicity in range of 40-50% in comparison with bare CFNPs. However, higher toxicity was observed for CFMGS towards MCF-7 cells with results nearly equal to Doxorubicin with significant decrease in viability. CF, CFM & SCFM showed good inhibition of α-glucosidase with very low concentration 6 µg/mL, 5 µg/mL and 4 µg/mL as compare to 12.41 µg/mL of acarbose. Among synthesized samples almost all samples without conjugation of any drug showed activities against at least one bacterial strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabahat Fiaz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan.
| | - Ihsan Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Waseem
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Zingaro F, Gianoncelli A, Ceccone G, Birarda G, Cassano D, La Spina R, Agostinis C, Bonanni V, Ricci G, Pascolo L. Morphological and lipid metabolism alterations in macrophages exposed to model environmental nanoplastics traced by high-resolution synchrotron techniques. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1247747. [PMID: 37744340 PMCID: PMC10515218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1247747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The release of nanoplastics (NPs) in the environment is a significant health concern for long-term exposed humans. Although their usage has certainly revolutionized several application fields, at nanometer size, NPs can easily interact at the cellular level, resulting in potential harmful effects. Micro/Nanoplastics (M/NPs) have a demonstrated impact on mammalian endocrine components, such as the thyroid, adrenal gland, testes, and ovaries, while more investigations on prenatal and postnatal exposure are urgently required. The number of literature studies on the NPs' presence in biological samples is increasing. However, only a few offer a close study on the model environmental NP-immune system interaction exploited by advanced microscopy techniques. The present study highlights substantial morphological and lipid metabolism alterations in human M1 macrophages exposed to labeled polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride nanoparticles (PP and PVC NPs) (20 μg/ml). The results are interpreted by advanced microscopy techniques combined with standard laboratory tests and fluorescence microscopy. We report the accurate detection of polymeric nanoparticles doped with cadmium selenide quantum dots (CdSe-QDs NPs) by following the Se (L line) X-ray fluorescence emission peak at higher sub-cellular resolution, compared to the supportive light fluorescence microscopy. In addition, scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) imaging successfully revealed morphological changes in NP-exposed macrophages, providing input for Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses, which underlined the chemical modifications in macromolecular components, specifically in lipid response. The present evidence was confirmed by quantifying the lipid droplet (LD) contents in PP and PVC NPs-exposed macrophages (0-100 μg/ml) by Oil Red O staining. Hence, even at experimental NPs' concentrations and incubation time, they do not significantly affect cell viability; they cause an evident lipid metabolism impairment, a hallmark of phagocytosis and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giacomo Ceccone
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | - Rita La Spina
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Chiara Agostinis
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorella Pascolo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
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Mohammadi F, Gholami A, Omidifar N, Amini A, Kianpour S, Taghizadeh SM. The potential of surface nano-engineering in characteristics of cobalt-based nanoparticles and biointerface interaction with prokaryotic and human cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 215:112485. [PMID: 35367746 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt-based nanoparticles (CBNPs) have recently received great attention in biomedical studies; however, the possible biotoxicity of these nanoparticles (NPs) has remained a foremost concern that should be addressed. As surface functionalization is one of the helpful proposed solutions, we aimed to apply Lipoamino acids (LAAs) as a coating agent to improve biocompatibility. To this purpose, cobalt oxide, cobalt ferrite, and iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) were synthesized with and without 2-amino-hexadecanoic acid coating to assess the impacts of LAA coating on characteristics and biocompatibility of CBNPs in human cells and compare with IONs, a widely used magnetic NPs in biomedicine. Antibacterial activities of NPs were evaluated against four Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria species to assess their biointerface interaction with prokaryotic cells. In addition, the antibacterial activities of synthesized NPs were compared to silver NPs, one of the widely used antimicrobial NPs and standard antibiotics (ampicillin). The structural characteristics properties of NPs were analyzed using TEM, FE-SEM, EDS, FTIR, XRD, and VSM. These NPs exhibited sphere-like to polygon-like morphology with desirable mean size. CBNPs displayed dose-dependent cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities against human cell lines and all tested microbial species, as well as more cytotoxicity and bacterial inhibition compared to IONs. Besides, the results revealed that LAA coating could significantly improve the biocompatibility and antibacterial activity of NPs while impacting magnetic properties. To sum up, it seems that surface functionalization could provide more potent tools for bioapplications with improving biocompatibility and bacterial inhibition of CBNPs, though; further studies are needed in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohammadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Navid Omidifar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Amini
- Centre for Infrastructure Engineering, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2751, NSW, Australia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Australian University-Kuwait, Mishref, Safat 13015, Kuwait
| | - Sedigheh Kianpour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Biotechnology Incubator, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Repar N, Jovičić EJ, Kump A, Birarda G, Vaccari L, Erman A, Kralj S, Nemec S, Petan T, Drobne D. Oleic Acid Protects Endothelial Cells from Silica-Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs)-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136972. [PMID: 35806014 PMCID: PMC9267005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have great potential for use in medicine, but they may cause side effects due to oxidative stress. In our study, we investigated the effects of silica-coated SPIONs on endothelial cells and whether oleic acid (OA) can protect the cells from their harmful effects. We used viability assays, flow cytometry, infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Our results show that silica-coated SPIONs are internalized by endothelial cells, where they increase the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause cell death. Exposure to silica-coated SPIONs induced accumulation of lipid droplets (LD) that was not dependent on diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)-mediated LD biogenesis, suggesting that silica-coated SPIONs suppress LD degradation. Addition of exogenous OA promoted LD biogenesis and reduced SPION-dependent increases in oxidative stress and cell death. However, exogenous OA protected cells from SPION-induced cell damage even in the presence of DGAT inhibitors, implying that LDs are not required for the protective effect of exogenous OA. The molecular phenotype of the cells determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the destructive effect of silica-coated SPIONs and the ameliorative role of OA in the case of oxidative stress. Thus, exogenous OA protects endothelial cells from SPION-induced oxidative stress and cell death independent of its incorporation into triglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neža Repar
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (N.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Eva Jarc Jovičić
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.J.J.); (A.K.); (T.P.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Kump
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.J.J.); (A.K.); (T.P.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Giovanni Birarda
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (G.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Lisa Vaccari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (G.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Andreja Erman
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Slavko Kralj
- Department for Materials Synthesis, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.K.); (S.N.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sebastjan Nemec
- Department for Materials Synthesis, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.K.); (S.N.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Toni Petan
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.J.J.); (A.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (N.R.); (D.D.)
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Gheidari D, Mehrdad M, Maleki S, Hosseini S. Synthesis of CoFe
2
O
4
/BiOI nanocomposite; Its application as an antibacterial agent. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davood Gheidari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science University of Guilan Iran
| | - Morteza Mehrdad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science University of Guilan Iran
| | - Saloomeh Maleki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science University of Shahrood Iran
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Ciobanu V, Roncari F, Ceccone G, Braniste T, Ponti J, Bogni A, Guerrini G, Cassano D, Colpo P, Tiginyanu I. Protein-corona formation on aluminum doped zinc oxide and gallium nitride nanoparticles. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2022; 20:22808000221131881. [DOI: 10.1177/22808000221131881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of semiconductor nanoparticles with bio-molecules attracts increasing interest of researchers, considering the reactivity of nanoparticles and the possibility to control their properties remotely giving mechanical, thermal, or electrical stimulus to the surrounding bio-environment. This work reports on a systematic comparative study of the protein-corona formation on aluminum doped zinc oxide and gallium nitride nanoparticles. Bovine serum albumin was chosen as a protein model. Dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques have been used to demonstrate the formation of protein-corona as well as the stability of the colloidal suspension given by BSA, which also works as a surfactant. The protein adsorption on the NPs surface studied by Bradford Assay showed the dependence on the quantity of proteins adsorbed to the available sites on the NPs surface, thus the saturation was observed at ratio higher than 5:1 (NPs:Proteins) in case of ZnO, these correlating with DLS results. Moreover, the kinetics of the proteins showed a relatively fast adsorption on the NPs surface with a saturation curve after about 25 min. GaN NPs, however, showed a very small amount of proteins adsorbed on the surface, a change in the hydrodynamic size being not observable with DLS technique or differential centrifugal sedimentation. The Circular Dichroism analysis suggests a drastic structural change in the secondary structure of the BSA after attaching on the NPs surface. The ZnO nanoparticles adsorb a protein-corona, which does not protect them against dissolution, and in consequence, the material proved to be highly toxic for Human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) at concentration above 25 µg/mL. In contrast, the GaN nanoparticles which do not adsorb a protein-corona, show no toxicity signs for HaCaT cells at concentration as high as 50 µg/mL, exhibiting much lower concentration of ions leakage in the culture medium as compared to ZnO nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Ciobanu
- National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova
| | | | - Giacomo Ceccone
- European Commission, Joint Research Center (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Tudor Braniste
- National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Jessica Ponti
- European Commission, Joint Research Center (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Alessia Bogni
- European Commission, Joint Research Center (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | - Pascal Colpo
- European Commission, Joint Research Center (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Ion Tiginyanu
- National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova
- Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova
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8
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Soft X-ray Microscopy Techniques for Medical and Biological Imaging at TwinMic—Elettra. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11167216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Progress in nanotechnology calls for material probing techniques of high sensitivity and resolution. Such techniques are also used for high-impact studies of nanoscale materials in medicine and biology. Soft X-ray microscopy has been successfully used for investigating complex biological processes occurring at micrometric and sub-micrometric length scales and is one of the most powerful tools in medicine and the life sciences. Here, we present the capabilities of the TwinMic soft X-ray microscopy end-station at the Elettra synchrotron in the context of medical and biological imaging, while we also describe novel uses and developments.
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Akhtar K, Javed Y, Jamil Y, Muhammad F. Functionalized cobalt ferrite cubes: toxicity, interactions and mineralization into ferritin proteins. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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10
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Zhou Y, Chen C, Guo Z, Xie S, Hu J, Lu H. SR-FTIR as a tool for quantitative mapping of the content and distribution of extracellular matrix in decellularized book-shape bioscaffolds. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:220. [PMID: 30021603 PMCID: PMC6052527 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (SR-FTIR) as a tool for quantitative mapping of the content and distribution of the extracellular matrix in decellularized fibrocartilage bioscaffolds, and to provide a new platform for quantitatively characterizing bioscaffolds for tissue engineering. Methods Fibrocartilage was harvested and cut into book-shape bioscaffolds (N = 54), which were then decellularized. The structures and distribution of collagen fibrous and intrinsic ultrastructure in decellularized fibrocartilage bioscaffolds were evaluated by histological staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The content of collagen and proteoglycan in the cellularized or decellularized bioscaffolds were also measured by SR-FTIR and biochemical assay. Results Book-shape fibrocartilage decellularized bioscaffolds were successfully obtained. Histological examination revealed that the structure of extracellular matrix endured during decellularization. Histology and DNA quantification analysis confirmed substantial removal of cells during decellularization. SEM demonstrated that intrinsic ultrastructure of the fibrocartilage bioscaffold was also well preserved. SR-FTIR quantitative analysis confirmed that decellularization had a significant effect on the content and distribution of collagen and proteoglycan in fibrocartilage bioscaffolds, these results are confirmed with the biochemical assay results. Conclusion SR-FTIR imaging can capture the histological morphology of decellularized bioscaffolds. Moreover, it can be used for quantitative mapping of the content and distribution of collagen in the bioscaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Zhou
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87# Xiang-ya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87# Xiang-ya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhu Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87# Xiang-ya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculeskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, China
| | - Shanshan Xie
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87# Xiang-ya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87# Xiang-ya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87# Xiang-ya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
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11
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Srinivasan SY, Paknikar KM, Bodas D, Gajbhiye V. Applications of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles in biomedical nanotechnology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:1221-1238. [PMID: 29882719 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are very attractive especially for biomedical applications, among which, iron oxide nanoparticles have received substantial attention in the past decade due to the elemental composition that makes them biocompatible and degradable. However recently, other magnetic nanomaterials such as spinel ferrites that can provide improved magnetic properties such as coercivity and anisotropy without compromising on inherent advantages of iron oxide nanoparticles are being researched for better applicability of MNPs. Among various spinel ferrites, cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the most explored MNPs. Therefore, the intention of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of CoFe2O4 NPs and their inherent properties that make them exceptional candidates, different synthesis methods that influence their properties, and applications of CoFe2O4 NPs and their relevant applications that have been considered in biotechnology and bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumithra Y Srinivasan
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune - 411 004, India.,Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune - 411 007, India
| | - Kishore M Paknikar
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune - 411 004, India.,Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune - 411 007, India
| | - Dhananjay Bodas
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune - 411 004, India.,Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune - 411 007, India
| | - Virendra Gajbhiye
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune - 411 004, India.,Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune - 411 007, India
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12
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Cappellini F, Hedberg Y, McCarrick S, Hedberg J, Derr R, Hendriks G, Odnevall Wallinder I, Karlsson HL. Mechanistic insight into reactivity and (geno)toxicity of well-characterized nanoparticles of cobalt metal and oxides. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:602-620. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1470694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yolanda Hedberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah McCarrick
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Hedberg
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Inger Odnevall Wallinder
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna L. Karlsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Iron-related toxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes and crocidolite fibres in human mesothelial cells investigated by Synchrotron XRF microscopy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:706. [PMID: 29335462 PMCID: PMC5768674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising products in industry and medicine, but there are several human health concerns since their fibrous structure resembles asbestos. The presence of transition metals, mainly iron, in the fibres seems also implicated in the pathogenetic mechanisms. To unravel the role of iron at mesothelial level, we compared the chemical changes induced in MeT-5A cells by the exposure to asbestos (crocidolite) or CNTs at different content of iron impurities (raw-SWCNTs, purified- and highly purified-SWCNTs). We applied synchrotron-based X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) microscopy and soft X-ray imaging (absorption and phase contrast images) to monitor chemical and morphological changes of the exposed cells. In parallel, we performed a ferritin assay. X-ray microscopy imaging and XRF well localize the crocidolite fibres interacting with cells, as well as the damage-related morphological changes. Differently, CNTs presence could be only partially evinced by low energy XRF through carbon distribution and sometimes iron co-localisation. Compared to controls, the cells treated with raw-SWCNTs and crocidolite fibres showed a severe alteration of iron distribution and content, with concomitant stimulation of ferritin production. Interestingly, highly purified nanotubes did not altered iron metabolism. The data provide new insights for possible CNTs effects at mesothelial/pleural level in humans.
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14
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Malucelli E, Procopio A, Fratini M, Gianoncelli A, Notargiacomo A, Merolle L, Sargenti A, Castiglioni S, Cappadone C, Farruggia G, Lombardo M, Lagomarsino S, Maier JA, Iotti S. Single cell versus large population analysis: cell variability in elemental intracellular concentration and distribution. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:337-348. [PMID: 29150807 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of elemental concentration in cells is usually performed by analytical assays on large populations missing peculiar but important rare cells. The present article aims at comparing the elemental quantification in single cells and cell population in three different cell types using a new approach for single cells elemental analysis performed at sub-micrometer scale combining X-ray fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The attention is focused on the light element Mg, exploiting the opportunity to compare the single cell quantification to the cell population analysis carried out by a highly Mg-selective fluorescent chemosensor. The results show that the single cell analysis reveals the same Mg differences found in large population of the different cell strains studied. However, in one of the cell strains, single cell analysis reveals two cells with an exceptionally high intracellular Mg content compared with the other cells of the same strain. The single cell analysis allows mapping Mg and other light elements in whole cells at sub-micrometer scale. A detailed intensity correlation analysis on the two cells with the highest Mg content reveals that Mg subcellular localization correlates with oxygen in a different fashion with respect the other sister cells of the same strain. Graphical abstract Single cells or large population analysis this is the question!
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Malucelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Procopio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Fratini
- Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Piazza del Viminale, 1, 00184, Roma, Italy.,CNR-Nanotec, c/o Department of Physics University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Notargiacomo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnology, 00156, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Merolle
- Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Azzurra Sargenti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Concettina Cappadone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Farruggia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy.,National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Lombardo
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Jeanette A Maier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Iotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy.,National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136, Rome, Italy
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15
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Abudayyak M, Altinçekiç Gürkaynak T, Özhan G. In Vitro Evaluation of the Toxicity of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles in Kidney Cell. Turk J Pharm Sci 2017; 14:169-173. [PMID: 32454609 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.99609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The remarkable properties of hard magnetic cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4-NPs) and their physicochemical stability lead to various applications in different industrial and medical fields. Although CoFe2O4-NPs have been reported to cause toxic effects, there is a serious lack of information concerning their effects on the kidneys. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the toxic effects of CoFe2O4-NPs on NRK-52E kidney cells. Materials and Methods The particle characterisation and cellular uptake were determined using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Then, the cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT and neutral red uptake assays, the genotoxicity by comet assay, and the apoptotic potentials by Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection assay with propidium iodide. Results After 24 h exposure to CoFe2O4-NPs (39±17 nm), it was observed they did not affect the cell viability at concentration ranging from 100 to 1000 µg/mL, but significantly induced DNA damage at concentration ≤100 µg/mL. No apoptotic or necrotic effect was observed in the exposed cells. Conclusion According to the results obtained, CoFe2O4-NPs are promising for safe use in various applications. However, further in vivo studies are needed to fully understand their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abudayyak
- İstanbul University, Faculty Of Pharmacy, Department Of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Gül Özhan
- İstanbul University, Faculty Of Pharmacy, Department Of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, İstanbul, Turkey
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16
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Gianoncelli A, Kourousias G, Cammisuli F, Cassese D, Rizzardi C, Radillo O, Lazzarino M, Pascolo L. Combined use of AFM and soft X-ray microscopy to reveal fibres' internalization in mesothelial cells. Analyst 2017; 142:1982-1992. [PMID: 28509933 DOI: 10.1039/c6an02661c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanotoxicology and nanomedicine investigations often require the probing of nano-objects such as fibres and particles in biological samples and cells, whilst internalization and intracellular destiny are the main issues for in vitro cellular studies. Various high resolution microscopy techniques are well suited for providing this highly sought-after information. However, sample preparation, nanomaterial composition and sectioning challenges make it often difficult to establish whether the fibres or particles have been internalized or they are simply overlaying or underlying the biological matter. In this paper we suggest a novel suitable combination of two different microscopic techniques to reveal in intact cells the uptake of asbestos fibres by mesothelial cells. After exposure to asbestos fibres and fixation, cells were first analysed under the AFM instrument and then imaged under the TwinMic soft X-ray microscope at Elettra Sincrotrone. The suggested approach combines standard soft X-ray microscopy imaging and AFM microscopy, with a common non-invasive sample preparation protocol which drastically reduces the experimental uncertainty and provides a quick and definitive answer to the nanoparticle cellular and tissue uptake.
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17
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Spinozzi F, Ceccone G, Moretti P, Campanella G, Ferrero C, Combet S, Ojea-Jimenez I, Ghigna P. Structural and Thermodynamic Properties of Nanoparticle-Protein Complexes: A Combined SAXS and SANS Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:2248-2256. [PMID: 28170272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel method for determining the structural and thermodynamic properties of nanoparticle-protein complexes under physiological conditions. The method consists of collecting a full set of small-angle X-ray and neutron-scattering measurements in solutions with different concentrations of nanoparticles and protein. The nanoparticle-protein dissociation process is described in the framework of the Hill cooperative model, based on which the whole set of X-ray and neutron-scattering data is fitted simultaneously. This method is applied to water solutions of gold nanoparticles in the presence of human serum albumin without any previous manipulation and can be, in principle, extended to all systems. We demonstrate that the protein dissociation constant, the Hill coefficient, and the stoichiometry of the nanoparticle-protein complex are obtained with a high degree of confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Spinozzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche , Ancona I-60131, Italy
| | - Giacomo Ceccone
- Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Consumer Products Safety Unit, European Commission , Ispra I-21027, Italy
| | - Paolo Moretti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche , Ancona I-60131, Italy
| | - Gabriele Campanella
- Weill Medical College, Cornell University , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Claudio Ferrero
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Sophie Combet
- Laboratoire Léon-Brillouin, UMR 12 CEA-CNRS, CEA-Saclay , Gif sur Yvette F-91191, France
| | - Isaac Ojea-Jimenez
- Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Directorate F-Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Consumer Products Safety Unit, European Commission , Ispra I-21027, Italy
| | - Paolo Ghigna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia , Pavia I-27100, Italy
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18
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Ahmad F, Zhou Y. Pitfalls and Challenges in Nanotoxicology: A Case of Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe 2O 4) Nanocomposites. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:492-507. [PMID: 28118545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is developing at a rapid pace with promises of a brilliant socio-economic future. The apprehensions of vivid future involvement with nanotechnology make nanoobjects ubiquitous in the macroscopic world of humans. Nanotechnology helps us to visualize the new mysterious horizons in engineering, sophisticated electronics, environmental remediation, biosensing, and nanomedicine. In all these hotspots, cobalt ferrite (CoFe) nanoparticles (NPs) are outstanding contestants because of their astonishing controllable physicochemical and magnetic properties with ease of synthesis methods. The extensive use of CoFe NPs may result in CoFe NPs easily penetrating the human body unintentionally by ingestion, inhalation, adsorption, etc. and intentionally being instilled into the human body during biomedical diagnostics and treatment. After being housed in the human body, it might induce oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, inflammation, apoptosis, and developmental, metabolic and hormonal abnormalities. In this review, we compiled the toxicity knowledge of CoFe NPs aimed to provide the safe usage of this breed of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Ahmad
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310032, China.,State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310032, China.,Research Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University of Technology , 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310032, China
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19
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Kevadiya BD, Bade AN, Woldstad C, Edagwa BJ, McMillan JM, Sajja BR, Boska MD, Gendelman HE. Development of europium doped core-shell silica cobalt ferrite functionalized nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Biomater 2017; 49:507-520. [PMID: 27916740 PMCID: PMC5501313 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The size, shape and chemical composition of europium (Eu3+) cobalt ferrite (CFEu) nanoparticles were optimized for use as a "multimodal imaging nanoprobe" for combined fluorescence and magnetic resonance bioimaging. Doping Eu3+ ions into a CF structure imparts unique bioimaging and magnetic properties to the nanostructure that can be used for real-time screening of targeted nanoformulations for tissue biodistribution assessment. The CFEu nanoparticles (size ∼7.2nm) were prepared by solvothermal techniques and encapsulated into poloxamer 407-coated mesoporous silica (Si-P407) to form superparamagnetic monodisperse Si-CFEu nanoparticles with a size of ∼140nm. Folic acid (FA) nanoparticle decoration (FA-Si-CFEu, size ∼140nm) facilitated monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) targeting. FA-Si-CFEu MDM uptake and retention was higher than seen with Si-CFEu nanoparticles. The transverse relaxivity of both Si-CFEu and FA-Si-CFEu particles were r2=433.42mM-1s-1 and r2=419.52mM-1s-1 (in saline) and r2=736.57mM-1s-1 and r2=814.41mM-1s-1 (in MDM), respectively. The results were greater than a log order-of-magnitude than what was observed at replicate iron concentrations for ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) particles (r2=31.15mM-1s-1 in saline) and paralleled data sets obtained for T2 magnetic resonance imaging. We now provide a developmental opportunity to employ these novel particles for theranostic drug distribution and efficacy evaluations. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE A novel europium (Eu3+) doped cobalt ferrite (Si-CFEu) nanoparticle was produced for use as a bioimaging probe. Its notable multifunctional, fluorescence and imaging properties, allows rapid screening of future drug biodistribution. Decoration of the Si-CFEu particles with folic acid increased its sensitivity and specificity for magnetic resonance imaging over a more conventional ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. The future use of these particles in theranostic tests will serve as a platform for designing improved drug delivery strategies to combat inflammatory and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh D Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, United States
| | - Aditya N Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, United States
| | - Christopher Woldstad
- Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1045, United States
| | - Benson J Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, United States
| | - JoEllyn M McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, United States
| | - Balasrinivasa R Sajja
- Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1045, United States
| | - Michael D Boska
- Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1045, United States
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, United States.
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20
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Abudayyak M, Altincekic Gurkaynak T, Özhan G. In Vitro Toxicological Assessment of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles in Several Mammalian Cell Types. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 175:458-465. [PMID: 27411927 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0803-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been widely used in various fields due to the superior physicochemical properties and functions. As a result, human exposure to nanoparticles increases dramatically. Previous researches have shown that nanoparticles could travel through the respiratory, digestive system, or skin into the blood and then to the secondary organs such as the brain, heart, and liver. Besides, the nanoparticle toxicity is controversial and dependent on the sensitivity of the cell type, route of exposure, and condition, as well as their characteristics. Similarly, cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4-NPs) have been used in different industrial fields, and have also various application possibilities in medical and biomedical fields. CoFe2O4-NPs induce toxic responses in various organisms such as human, mice, and algae. However, there is a serious deficit of information concerning their effects on human health and the environment. We aimed to investigate the toxic effects of CoFe2O4-NPs on liver (HepG2), colon (Caco-2), lung (A549), and neuron (SH-SY5Y) cells, which reflect different exposure routes in vitro, by using various toxicological endpoints. The cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative damage, and apoptosis induction of CoFe2O4-NPs (39 ± 17 nm) were evaluated. After 24 h, the nanoparticles decreased cell viability at ≤100 μg/mL, while increasing viability at >100 μg/mL. CoFe2O4-NPs induced DNA and oxidative damage with increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels with no change in protein carbonyl (PC) levels. CoFe2O4-NPs had apoptotic effect in HepG2 and Caco-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner and necrotic effects on SH-SY5Y and A549 cells. Consequently, the adverse effects of CoFe2O4-NPs should raise concern about their safety in consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abudayyak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Istanbul University, Beyazıt, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Altincekic Gurkaynak
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, 34850, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gül Özhan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Istanbul University, Beyazıt, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey.
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21
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Gianoncelli A, Kourousias G, Merolle L, Altissimo M, Bianco A. Current status of the TwinMic beamline at Elettra: a soft X-ray transmission and emission microscopy station. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2016; 23:1526-1537. [PMID: 27787260 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516014405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The current status of the TwinMic beamline at Elettra synchrotron light source, that hosts the European twin X-ray microscopy station, is reported. The X-ray source, provided by a short hybrid undulator with source size and divergence intermediate between bending magnets and conventional undulators, is energy-tailored using a collimated plane-grating monochromator. The TwinMic spectromicroscopy experimental station combines scanning and full-field imaging in a single instrument, with contrast modes such as absorption, differential phase, interference and darkfield. The implementation of coherent diffractive imaging modalities and ptychography is ongoing. Typically, scanning transmission X-ray microscopy images are simultaneously collected in transmission and differential phase contrast and can be complemented by chemical and elemental analysis using across-absorption-edge imaging, X-ray absorption near-edge structure or low-energy X-ray fluorescence. The lateral resolutions depend on the particular imaging and contrast mode chosen. The TwinMic range of applications covers diverse research fields such as biology, biochemistry, medicine, pharmacology, environment, geochemistry, food, agriculture and materials science. They will be illustrated in the paper with representative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, Km in Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - George Kourousias
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, Km in Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Lucia Merolle
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, Km in Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Matteo Altissimo
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, Km in Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Anna Bianco
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, Km in Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
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22
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Ahamed M, Akhtar MJ, Khan MAM, Alhadlaq HA, Alshamsan A. Cobalt iron oxide nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity and regulate the apoptotic genes through ROS in human liver cells (HepG2). Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 148:665-673. [PMID: 27701048 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt iron oxide (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles (CIO NPs) have been one of the most widely explored magnetic NPs because of their excellent chemical stability, mechanical hardness and heat generating potential. However, there is limited information concerning the interaction of CIO NPs with biological systems. In this study, we investigated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated cytotoxicity and apoptotic response of CIO NPs in human liver cells (HepG2). Diameter of crystalline CIO NPs was found to be 23nm with a band gap of 1.97eV. CIO NPs induced cell viability reduction and membrane damage, and degree of induction was dose- and time-dependent. CIO NPs were also found to induce oxidative stress revealed by induction of ROS, depletion of glutathione and lower activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme. Real-time PCR data has shown that mRNA level of tumor suppressor gene p53 and apoptotic genes (bax, CASP3 and CASP9) were higher, while the expression level of anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2 was lower in cells following exposure to CIO NPs. Activity of caspase-3 and caspase-9 enzymes was also higher in CIO NPs exposed cells. Furthermore, co-exposure of N-acetyl-cysteine (ROS scavenger) efficiently abrogated the modulation of apoptotic genes along with the prevention of cytotoxicity caused by CIO NPs. Overall, we observed that CIO NPs induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in HepG2 cells through ROS via p53 pathway. This study suggests that toxicity mechanisms of CIO NPs should be further investigated in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqusood Ahamed
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohd Javed Akhtar
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Majeed Khan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham A Alhadlaq
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aws Alshamsan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Nanomedicine Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Jin Q, Paunesku T, Lai B, Gleber SC, Chen SI, Finney L, Vine D, Vogt S, Woloschak G, Jacobsen C. Preserving elemental content in adherent mammalian cells for analysis by synchrotron-based x-ray fluorescence microscopy. J Microsc 2016; 265:81-93. [PMID: 27580164 PMCID: PMC5217071 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Trace metals play important roles in biological function, and x-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) provides a way to quantitatively image their distribution within cells. The faithfulness of these measurements is dependent on proper sample preparation. Using mouse embryonic fibroblast NIH/3T3 cells as an example, we compare various approaches to the preparation of adherent mammalian cells for XFM imaging under ambient temperature. Direct side-by-side comparison shows that plunge-freezing-based cryoimmobilization provides more faithful preservation than conventional chemical fixation for most biologically important elements including P, S, Cl, K, Fe, Cu, Zn and possibly Ca in adherent mammalian cells. Although cells rinsed with fresh media had a great deal of extracellular background signal for Cl and Ca, this approach maintained cells at the best possible physiological status before rapid freezing and it does not interfere with XFM analysis of other elements. If chemical fixation has to be chosen, the combination of 3% paraformaldehyde and 1.5 % glutaraldehyde preserves S, Fe, Cu and Zn better than either fixative alone. When chemically fixed cells were subjected to a variety of dehydration processes, air drying was proved to be more suitable than other drying methods such as graded ethanol dehydration and freeze drying. This first detailed comparison for x-ray fluorescence microscopy shows how detailed quantitative conclusions can be affected by the choice of cell preparation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Jin
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Evanston, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Tatjana Paunesku
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, U.S.A
| | | | - S I Chen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Lydia Finney
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - David Vine
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Gayle Woloschak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Chris Jacobsen
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Evanston, Illinois, U.S.A.,Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, U.S.A
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24
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Accumulation and Toxicity of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Cells and Experimental Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081193. [PMID: 27548152 PMCID: PMC5000591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The uptake and distribution of negatively charged superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (SPIONs) in mouse embryonic fibroblasts NIH3T3, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal influenced by SPIONs injected into experimental animals, were visualized and investigated. Cellular uptake and distribution of the SPIONs in NIH3T3 after staining with Prussian Blue were investigated by a bright-field microscope equipped with digital color camera. SPIONs were localized in vesicles, mostly placed near the nucleus. Toxicity of SPION nanoparticles tested with cell viability assay (XTT) was estimated. The viability of NIH3T3 cells remains approximately 95% within 3–24 h of incubation, and only a slight decrease of viability was observed after 48 h of incubation. MRI studies on Wistar rats using a clinical 1.5 T MRI scanner were showing that SPIONs give a negative contrast in the MRI. The dynamic MRI measurements of the SPION clearance from the injection site shows that SPIONs slowly disappear from injection sites and only a low concentration of nanoparticles was completely eliminated within three weeks. No functionalized SPIONs accumulate in cells by endocytic mechanism, none accumulate in the nucleus, and none are toxic at a desirable concentration. Therefore, they could be used as a dual imaging agent: as contrast agents for MRI and for traditional optical biopsy by using Prussian Blue staining.
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Hanini A, Massoudi ME, Gavard J, Kacem K, Ammar S, Souilem O. Nanotoxicological study of polyol-made cobalt-zinc ferrite nanoparticles in rabbit. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 45:321-327. [PMID: 27375215 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of engineered nanomaterials in commercial manufacturing and consumer products presents an important toxicological concern. Superparamagnetic zinc-cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (SFN) emerge as a promising tool for early cancer diagnostics and targeted therapy. However, toxicity and biological activities of SFN should be evaluated in vitro and in vivo in animal before any clinical application. In this study we aim to synthesize and characterize such objects using polyol process in order to assess its nanotoxicological profile in vitro as well as in vivo. The produced particles consist of a cobalt-zinc ferrite phase corresponding to the Zn0.8Co0.2Fe2O4 composition. They are isotropic in shape single crystals of 8nm in size. The thermal variation of their dc-magnetization confirms their superparamagnetic behavior. In vitro, acute exposure (4h) to them (100μgmL(-1)) induced an important decrease of healthy Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) viability. In vivo investigation in New-Zealand rabbits revealed that they lead to tissue toxicities; in lungs, liver and kidneys. Our investigations report, for the first time as far as we know, that SFN exhibit harmful properties in human cells and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Hanini
- Laboratoire Interface Traitement, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes (ITODYS), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR-7086, Paris, France; Unité de Physiologie Intégrée, Laboratoire de Pathologies Vasculaires, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia; Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR-8104, INSERM U1016, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Mohamed El Massoudi
- Laboratoire de Valoristaion des Bio-Géo-Resources, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Université de la Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Julie Gavard
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR-8104, INSERM U1016, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Kamel Kacem
- Unité de Physiologie Intégrée, Laboratoire de Pathologies Vasculaires, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Souad Ammar
- Laboratoire Interface Traitement, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes (ITODYS), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR-7086, Paris, France
| | - Ouajdi Souilem
- Laboratoire de Valoristaion des Bio-Géo-Resources, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Université de la Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
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Ahmad F, Yao H, Zhou Y, Liu X. Toxicity of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanobeads in Chlorella vulgaris: interaction, adaptation and oxidative stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 139:479-485. [PMID: 26291677 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The potential toxicity of CoFe2O4 nanobeads (NBs) in Chlorella vulgaris was observed up to 72h. Algal cell morphology, membrane integrity and viability were severely compromised due to adsorption and aggregation of NBs on algal surfaces, release of Fe(3+) and Co(2+) ions and possible mechanical damage by NBs. Interactions with NBs and effective decrease in ions released by aggregation and exudation of algal cells as a self defense mechanism were observed by Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results corroborated CoFe2O4 NBs induced ROS triggered oxidative stress, leading to a reduction in catalase activity, activation of the mutagenic glutathione s-transferase (mu-GST) and acid phosphatase (AP) antioxidant enzymes, and an increase in genetic aberrations, metabolic and cellular signal transduction dysfunction. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra indicated the weak interactions of NBs with BSA, with slight changes in the α-helix structure of BSA confirming conformational changes in structure, hence the potential for functional interactions with biomolecules. Possible interferences of CoFe2O4 NBs with assay techniques and components indicated CoFe2O4 NBs at lower concentration do not show any significant interference with ROS, catalase, mu-GST and no interference with CD measurements. This study showed ROS production is one of the pathways of toxicity initiated by CoFe2O4 NBs and illustrates the complex processes that may occur between organisms and NBs in natural complex ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Ahmad
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhou Yao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China; Research Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Controlled release of drugs in electrosprayed nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 94:77-95. [PMID: 26415888 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Generating porous topographic substrates, by mimicking the native extracellular matrix (ECM) to promote the regeneration of damaged bone tissues, is a challenging process. Generally, scaffolds developed for bone tissue regeneration support bone cell growth and induce bone-forming cells by natural proteins and growth factors. Limitations are often associated with these approaches such as improper scaffold stability, and insufficient cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization with less growth factor expression. Therefore, the use of engineered nanoparticles has been rapidly increasing in bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications. The electrospray technique is advantageous over other conventional methods as it generates nanomaterials of particle sizes in the micro/nanoscale range. The size and charge of the particles are controlled by regulating the polymer solution flow rate and electric voltage. The unique properties of nanoparticles such as large surface area-to-volume ratio, small size, and higher reactivity make them promising candidates in the field of biomedical engineering. These nanomaterials are extensively used as therapeutic agents and for drug delivery, mimicking ECM, and restoring and improving the functions of damaged organs. The controlled and sustained release of encapsulated drugs, proteins, vaccines, growth factors, cells, and nucleotides from nanoparticles has been well developed in nanomedicine. This review provides an insight into the preparation of nanoparticles by electrospraying technique and illustrates the use of nanoparticles in drug delivery for promoting bone tissue regeneration.
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Ahmad F, Liu X, Zhou Y, Yao H. An in vivo evaluation of acute toxicity of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles in larval-embryo Zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 166:21-28. [PMID: 26197244 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The broad spectrum applications of CoFe2O4 NPs have attracted much interest in medicine, environment and industry, resulting in exceedingly higher exposures to humans and environmental systems in succeeding days. Their health effects and potential biological impacts need to be determined for risk assessment. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to environmentally relevant doses of nano-CoFe2O4 (mean diameter of 40nm) with a concentration range of 10-500μM for 96h. Acute toxic end points were evaluated by survival rate, malformation, hatching delay, heart dysfunction and tail flexure of larvae. Dose and time dependent developmental toxicity with severe cardiac edema, down regulation of metabolism, hatching delay and tail/spinal cord flexure and apoptosis was observed. The biochemical changes were evaluated by ROS, Catalase (CAT), Lipid peroxidation (LPO), Acid phophatase (AP) and Glutatione s- transferase (GST). An Agglomeration of NPs and dissolution of ions induces severe mechanical damage to membranes and oxidative stress. Severe apoptosis of cells in the head, heart and tail region with inhibition of catalase confirms ROS induced acute toxicity with increasing concentration. Increased activity of GST and AP at lower concentrations of CoFe2O4 NPs demonstrates the severe oxidative stress. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra indicated the weak interactions of NPs with BSA and slight changes in α-helix structure. In addition, CoFe2O4 NPs at lower concentrations do not show any considerable interference with assay components and analytical instruments. The results are possible elucidation of pathways of toxicity induced by these particles, as well as contributing in defining the protocols for risk assessment of these nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Ahmad
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China; Research Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hongzhou Yao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Wang M, Lu X, Yin X, Tong Y, Peng W, Wu L, Li H, Yang Y, Gu J, Xiao T, Chen M, Zhang J. Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy for characterization of the protein/peptide distribution in single microspheres. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:270-6. [PMID: 26579456 PMCID: PMC4629252 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study establishes a visualization method for the measurement of the distribution and localization of protein/peptide constituents within a single poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) microsphere using synchrotron radiation–based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy (SR-FTIR). The representative infrared wavenumbers specific for protein/peptide (Exenatide) and excipient (PLGA) were identified and chemical maps at the single microsphere level were generated by measuring and plotting the intensity of these specific bands. For quantitative analysis of the distribution within microspheres, Matlab software was used to transform the map file into a 3D matrix and the matrix values specific for the drug and excipient were extracted. Comparison of the normalized SR-FTIR maps of PLGA and Exenatide indicated that PLGA was uniformly distributed, while Exenatide was relatively non-uniformly distributed in the microspheres. In conclusion, SR-FTIR is a rapid, nondestructive and sensitive detection technology to provide the distribution of chemical constituents and functional groups in microparticles and microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
- Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaolong Lu
- Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Xianzhen Yin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yajun Tong
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Weiwei Peng
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Li Wu
- Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jingkai Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Tiqiao Xiao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Min Chen
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 21 33933193.
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
- Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
- Corresponding author at: Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China. Tel./fax: +86 21 20231980.
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Finney LA, Jin Q. Preparing adherent cells for X-ray fluorescence imaging by chemical fixation. J Vis Exp 2015:52370. [PMID: 25867691 PMCID: PMC4401319 DOI: 10.3791/52370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray fluorescence imaging allows us to non-destructively measure the spatial distribution and concentration of multiple elements simultaneously over large or small sample areas. It has been applied in many areas of science, including materials science, geoscience, studying works of cultural heritage, and in chemical biology. In the case of chemical biology, for example, visualizing the metal distributions within cells allows us to study both naturally-occurring metal ions in the cells, as well as exogenously-introduced metals such as drugs and nanoparticles. Due to the fully hydrated nature of nearly all biological samples, cryo-fixation followed by imaging under cryogenic temperature represents the ideal imaging modality currently available. However, under the circumstances that such a combination is not easily accessible or practical, aldehyde based chemical fixation remains useful and sometimes inevitable. This article describes in as much detail as possible in the preparation of adherent mammalian cells by chemical fixation for X-ray fluorescent imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia A Finney
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory;
| | - Qiaoling Jin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University
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Lojk J, Bregar VB, Rajh M, Miš K, Kreft ME, Pirkmajer S, Veranič P, Pavlin M. Cell type-specific response to high intracellular loading of polyacrylic acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:1449-62. [PMID: 25733835 PMCID: PMC4340463 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s76134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are a special type of NP with a ferromagnetic, electron-dense core that enables several applications such as cell tracking, hyperthermia, and magnetic separation, as well as multimodality. So far, superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs) are the only clinically approved type of metal oxide NPs, but cobalt ferrite NPs have properties suitable for biomedical applications as well. In this study, we analyzed the cellular responses to magnetic cobalt ferrite NPs coated with polyacrylic acid (PAA) in three cell types: Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO), mouse melanoma (B16) cell line, and primary human myoblasts (MYO). We compared the internalization pathway, intracellular trafficking, and intracellular fate of our NPs using fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as quantified NP uptake and analyzed uptake dynamics. We determined cell viability after 24 or 96 hours’ exposure to increasing concentrations of NPs, and quantified the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon 24 and 48 hours’ exposure. Our NPs have been shown to readily enter and accumulate in cells in high quantities using the same two endocytic pathways; mostly by macropinocytosis and partially by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The cell types differed in their uptake rate, the dynamics of intracellular trafficking, and the uptake capacity, as well as in their response to higher concentrations of internalized NPs. The observed differences in cell responses stress the importance of evaluation of NP–cell interactions on several different cell types for better prediction of possible toxic effects on different cell and tissue types in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Lojk
- Group for Nano and Biotechnological Applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vladimir B Bregar
- Group for Nano and Biotechnological Applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maruša Rajh
- Group for Nano and Biotechnological Applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Miš
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sergej Pirkmajer
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Pavlin
- Group for Nano and Biotechnological Applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Georgiadou V, Kokotidou C, Le Droumaguet B, Carbonnier B, Choli-Papadopoulou T, Dendrinou-Samara C. Oleylamine as a beneficial agent for the synthesis of CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles with potential biomedical uses. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:6377-88. [PMID: 24604256 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53179a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional role of oleylamine (OAm) as a versatile and flexible reagent in synthesis as well as a desired surface ligand for the synthesis of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) is described. CoFe2O4 NPs were prepared by a facile, reproducible and scalable solvothermal approach in the presence of pure OAm. By monitoring the volume of OAm, different shapes of NPs, spherical and truncated, were formed. The syntheses led to high yields of monodispersed and considerably small (9-11 nm) CoFe2O4 NPs with enhanced magnetization (M(s) = 84.7-87.5 emu g(-1)). The resulting hydrophobic CoFe2O4 NPs were easily transferred to an aqueous phase through the formation of reverse micelles between the hydrophobic chains of OAm and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and transverse relaxivities (r2) were measured. The spherical NPs had a greater effect on water proton relaxivity (r2 = 553 mM(-1) s(-1)) at an applied magnetic field of 11.7 T. The NPs became fluorescent probes by exploiting the presence of the double bond of OAm in the middle of the molecule; a thiol-ene "click" reaction with the fluorophore bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) was achieved. The labeled/biofunctionalized CoFe2O4 NPs interacted with cancer (HeLa and A549) and non-cancer cell lines (MRC5 and dental MSCS) and cell viability was estimated. A clear difference of toxicity between the cancer and non-cancer cells was observed while low cytotoxicity in living cells was supported. Confocal laser microscopy showed that NPs entered the cell membranes and were firstly localized close to them provoking a membrane expansion and were further accumulated perinuclearly without entering the nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Georgiadou
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Kokotidou
- Department of Biochemistry
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Benjamin Le Droumaguet
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux
- Paris-Est (ICMPE)-UMR 7182
- 94320 Thiais, France
- Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne
- Faculté des Sciences 61
| | - Benjamin Carbonnier
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux
- Paris-Est (ICMPE)-UMR 7182
- 94320 Thiais, France
- Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne
- Faculté des Sciences 61
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Lawrence JR, Swerhone GDW, Dynes JJ, Korber DR, Hitchcock AP. Soft X-ray spectromicroscopy for speciation, quantitation and nano-eco-toxicology of nanomaterials. J Microsc 2014; 261:130-47. [PMID: 25088794 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
There is a critical need for methods that provide simultaneous detection, identification, quantitation and visualization of nanomaterials at their interface with biological and environmental systems. The approach should allow speciation as well as elemental analysis. Using the intrinsic X-ray absorption properties, soft X-ray scanning transmission X-ray spectromicroscopy (STXM) allows characterization and imaging of a broad range of nanomaterials, including metals, oxides and organic materials, and at the same time is able to provide detailed mapping of biological components. Thus, STXM offers considerable potential for application to research on nanomaterials in biology and the environment. The potential and limitations of STXM in this context are discussed using a range of examples, focusing on the interaction of nanomaterials with microbial cells, biofilms and extracellular polymers. The studies outlined include speciation and mapping of metal-containing nanomaterials (Ti, Ni, Cu) and carbon-based nanomaterials (multiwalled carbon nanotubes, C60 fullerene). The benefits of X-ray fluorescence detection in soft X-ray STXM are illustrated with a study of low levels of Ni in a natural river biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J J Dynes
- Canadian Light Source Inc, University of Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
| | - D R Korber
- Food and Bioproducts Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - A P Hitchcock
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Fates of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles in human mesenchymal stem cells assessed by synchrotron radiation-based techniques. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6412-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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35
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Pascolo L, Bortot B, Benseny-Cases N, Gianoncelli A, Tosi G, Ruozi B, Rizzardi C, De Martino E, Vandelli MA, Severini GM. Detection of PLGA-based nanoparticles at a single-cell level by synchrotron radiation FTIR spectromicroscopy and correlation with X-ray fluorescence microscopy. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:2791-801. [PMID: 24944512 PMCID: PMC4057326 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s58685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) is one of the few polymers approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as a carrier for drug administration in humans; therefore, it is one of the most used materials in the formulation of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) for therapeutic purposes. Because the cellular uptake of polymeric NPs is a hot topic in the nanomedicine field, the development of techniques able to ensure incontrovertible evidence of the presence of NPs in the cells plays a key role in gaining understanding of their therapeutic potential. On the strength of this premise, this article aims to evaluate the application of synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (SR-FTIR) spectromicroscopy and SR X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF) microscopy in the study of the in vitro interaction of PLGA NPs with cells. To reach this goal, we used PLGA NPs, sized around 200 nm and loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (PLGA-IO-NPs; Fe₃O₄; size, 10-15 nm). After exposing human mesothelial (MeT5A) cells to PLGA-IO-NPs (0.1 mg/mL), the cells were analyzed after fixation both by SR-FTIR spectromicroscopy and SR-XRF microscopy setups. SR-FTIR-SM enabled the detection of PLGA NPs at single-cell level, allowing polymer detection inside the biological matrix by the characteristic band in the 1,700-2,000 cm(-1) region. The precise PLGA IR-signature (1,750 cm(-1) centered pick) also was clearly evident within an area of high amide density. SR-XRF microscopy performed on the same cells investigated under SR-FTIR microscopy allowed us to put in evidence the Fe presence in the cells and to emphasize the intracellular localization of the PLGA-IO-NPs. These findings suggest that SR-FTIR and SR-XRF techniques could be two valuable tools to follow the PLGA NPs' fate in in vitro studies on cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorella Pascolo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Barbara Bortot
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nuria Benseny-Cases
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Polygone Scientifique Louis Néel, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Giovanni Tosi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Barbara Ruozi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Clara Rizzardi
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Eleonora De Martino
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Maria Severini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
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Cupaioli FA, Zucca FA, Boraschi D, Zecca L. Engineered nanoparticles. How brain friendly is this new guest? Prog Neurobiol 2014; 119-120:20-38. [PMID: 24820405 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the last 30 years, the use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) has progressively increased in many industrial and medical applications. In therapy, NPs may allow more effective cellular and subcellular targeting of drugs. In diagnostic applications, quantum dots are exploited for their optical characteristics, while superparamagnetic iron oxides NPs are used in magnetic resonance imaging. NPs are used in semiconductors, packaging, textiles, solar cells, batteries and plastic materials. Despite the great progress in nanotechnologies, comparatively little is known to date on the effects that exposure to NPs may have on the human body, in general and specifically on the brain. NPs can enter the human body through skin, digestive tract, airways and blood and they may cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the central nervous system. In addition to the paucity of studies describing NP effects on brain function, some of them also suffer of insufficient NPs characterization, inadequate standardization of conditions and lack of contaminant evaluation, so that results from different studies can hardly be compared. It has been shown in vitro and in vivo in rodents that NPs can impair dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems. Changes of neuronal morphology and neuronal death were reported in mice treated with NPs. NPs can also affect the respiratory chain of mitochondria and Bax protein levels, thereby causing apoptosis. Changes in expression of genes involved in redox pathways in mouse brain regions were described. NPs can induce autophagy, and accumulate in lysosomes impairing their degradation capacity. Cytoskeleton and vesicle trafficking may also be affected. NPs treated animals showed neuroinflammation with microglia activation, which could induce neurodegeneration. Considering the available data, it is important to design adequate models and experimental systems to evaluate in a reliable and controlled fashion the effects of NPs on the brain, and generate data representative of effects on the human brain, thereby useful for developing robust and valid nanosafety standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca A Cupaioli
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio A Zucca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Diana Boraschi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Unit of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Zecca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
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Zhu Y, Cai X, Li J, Zhong Z, Huang Q, Fan C. Synchrotron-based X-ray microscopic studies for bioeffects of nanomaterials. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:515-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Drašler B, Drobne D, Novak S, Valant J, Boljte S, Otrin L, Rappolt M, Sartori B, Iglič A, Kralj-Iglič V, Šuštar V, Makovec D, Gyergyek S, Hočevar M, Godec M, Zupanc J. Effects of magnetic cobalt ferrite nanoparticles on biological and artificial lipid membranes. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1559-81. [PMID: 24741305 PMCID: PMC3970951 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s57671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this work is to provide experimental evidence on the interactions of suspended nanoparticles with artificial or biological membranes and to assess the possibility of suspended nanoparticles interacting with the lipid component of biological membranes. Methods 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) lipid vesicles and human red blood cells were incubated in suspensions of magnetic bare cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) or citric acid (CA)-adsorbed CoFe2O4 nanoparticles dispersed in phosphate-buffered saline and glucose solution. The stability of POPC giant unilamellar vesicles after incubation in the tested nanoparticle suspensions was assessed by phase-contrast light microscopy and analyzed with computer-aided imaging. Structural changes in the POPC multilamellar vesicles were assessed by small angle X-ray scattering, and the shape transformation of red blood cells after incubation in tested suspensions of nanoparticles was observed using scanning electron microscopy and sedimentation, agglutination, and hemolysis assays. Results Artificial lipid membranes were disturbed more by CA-adsorbed CoFe2O4 nanoparticle suspensions than by bare CoFe2O4 nanoparticle suspensions. CA-adsorbed CoFe2O4-CA nanoparticles caused more significant shape transformation in red blood cells than bare CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. Conclusion Consistent with their smaller sized agglomerates, CA-adsorbed CoFe2O4 nanoparticles demonstrate more pronounced effects on artificial and biological membranes. Larger agglomerates of nanoparticles were confirmed to be reactive against lipid membranes and thus not acceptable for use with red blood cells. This finding is significant with respect to the efficient and safe application of nanoparticles as medicinal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Drašler
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia ; Centre of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Technologies for the Future, Ljubljana, Slovenia ; Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Novak
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Valant
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sabina Boljte
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia ; Institute of Microbial Sciences and Technologies, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lado Otrin
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michael Rappolt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Basovizza, Italy ; School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Barbara Sartori
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Basovizza, Italy
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Kralj-Iglič
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vid Šuštar
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Chair of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darko Makovec
- Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Ljubljana, Slovenia ; Institute Jožef Stefan, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Matej Hočevar
- Institute of Metals and Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Godec
- Institute of Metals and Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Zupanc
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Gianoncelli A, Kourousias G, Pascolo L, Rizzardi C, Ceccone G, Kaulich B, Kiskinova M. Life science applications and research potential of the TwinMic spectromicroscopy station at ELETTRA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/463/1/012004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Maiden AM, Morrison GR, Kaulich B, Gianoncelli A, Rodenburg JM. Soft X-ray spectromicroscopy using ptychography with randomly phased illumination. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1669. [PMID: 23575673 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ptychography is a form of scanning diffractive imaging that can successfully retrieve the modulus and phase of both the sample transmission function and the illuminating probe. An experimental difficulty commonly encountered in diffractive imaging is the large dynamic range of the diffraction data. Here we report a novel ptychographic experiment using a randomly phased X-ray probe to considerably reduce the dynamic range of the recorded diffraction patterns. Images can be reconstructed reliably and robustly from this setup, even when scatter from the specimen is weak. A series of ptychographic reconstructions at X-ray energies around the L absorption edge of iron demonstrates the advantages of this method for soft X-ray spectromicroscopy, which can readily provide chemical sensitivity without the need for optical refocusing. In particular, the phase signal is in perfect registration with the modulus signal and provides complementary information that can be more sensitive to changes in the local chemical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Maiden
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
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Saquib Q, Al-Khedhairy AA, Ahmad J, Siddiqui MA, Dwivedi S, Khan ST, Musarrat J. Zinc ferrite nanoparticles activate IL-1b, NFKB1, CCL21 and NOS2 signaling to induce mitochondrial dependent intrinsic apoptotic pathway in WISH cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 273:289-97. [PMID: 24035972 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study has demonstrated the translocation of zinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZnFe2O4-NPs) into the cytoplasm of human amnion epithelial (WISH) cells, and the ensuing cytotoxicity and genetic damage. The results suggested that in situ NPs induced oxidative stress, alterations in cellular membrane and DNA strand breaks. The [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) and neutral red uptake (NRU) cytotoxicity assays indicated 64.48 ± 1.6% and 50.73 ± 2.1% reduction in cell viability with 100 μg/ml of ZnFe2O4-NPs exposure. The treated WISH cells exhibited 1.2-fold higher ROS level with 0.9-fold decline in membrane potential (ΔΨm) and 7.4-fold higher DNA damage after 48h of ZnFe2O4-NPs treatment. Real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis of p53, CASP 3 (caspase-3), and bax genes revealed 5.3, 1.6, and 14.9-fold upregulation, and 0.18-fold down regulation of bcl 2 gene vis-à-vis untreated control. RT(2) Profiler™ PCR array data elucidated differential up-regulation of mRNA transcripts of IL-1b, NFKB1, NOS2 and CCL21 genes in the range of 1.5 to 3.7-folds. The flow cytometry based cell cycle analysis suggested the transfer of 15.2 ± 2.1% (p<0.01) population of ZnFe2O4-NPs (100 μg/ml) treated cells into apoptotic phase through intrinsic pathway. Over all, the data revealed the potential of ZnFe2O4-NPs to induce cellular and genetic toxicity in cells of placental origin. Thus, the significant ROS production, reduction in ΔΨm, DNA damage, and activation of genes linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, proliferation, DNA damage and repair could serve as the predictive toxicity and stress markers for ecotoxicological assessment of ZnFe2O4-NPs induced cellular and genetic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quaiser Saquib
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Chair for DNA Research, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Novak S, Drobne D, Golobič M, Zupanc J, Romih T, Gianoncelli A, Kiskinova M, Kaulich B, Pelicon P, Vavpetič P, Jeromel L, Ogrinc N, Makovec D. Cellular internalization of dissolved cobalt ions from ingested CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles: in vivo experimental evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:5400-5408. [PMID: 23578201 DOI: 10.1021/es305132g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
With a model invertebrate animal, we have assessed the fate of magnetic nanoparticles in biologically relevant media, i.e., digestive juices. The toxic potential and the internalization of such nanoparticles by nontarget cells were also examined. The aim of this study was to provide experimental evidence on the formation of Co(2+), Fe(2+), and Fe(3+) ions from CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles in the digestive juices of a model organism. Standard toxicological parameters were assessed. Cell membrane stability was tested with a modified method for measurement of its quality. Proton-induced X-ray emission and low energy synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence were used to study internalization and distribution of Co and Fe. Co(2+) ions were found to be more toxic than nanoparticles. We confirmed that Co(2+) ions accumulate in the hepatopancreas, but Fe(n+) ions or CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles are not retained in vivo. A model biological system with a terrestrial isopod is suited to studies of the potential dissolution of ions and other products from metal-containing nanoparticles in biologically complex media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Novak
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Foldbjerg R, Wang J, Beer C, Thorsen K, Sutherland DS, Autrup H. Biological effects induced by BSA-stabilized silica nanoparticles in mammalian cell lines. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 204:28-38. [PMID: 23623845 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Much of the concerns regarding engineered nanoparticle (NP) toxicity are based on knowledge from previous studies on particles in ambient air or occupational situations. E.g., the effects of exposure to silica dust particles have been studied intensely due to the carcinogenicity of crystalline silica. However, the increasing usage of engineered amorphous silica NPs has emphasized the need for further mechanistic insight to predict the consequences of exposure to the amorphous type of silica NPs. The present study focused on the in vitro biological effects following exposure to well-dispersed, BSA-stabilized, amorphous silica NPs whereas unmodified silica NPs where included for reasons of comparison. The cytotoxicity of the silica NPs was investigated in six different cell lines (A549, THP-1, CaCo-2, ASB-XIV, J-774A.1, and Colon-26) selected to explore the significance of organ and species sensitivity in vitro. Viability data demonstrated that macrophages were most sensitive to silica NP and interestingly, murine cell lines were generally found to be more sensitive than comparable human cell lines. Further studies were conducted in the human epithelial lung cell line, A549, to explore the molecular mechanism of silica toxicity. Generation of reactive oxygen species, one of the proposed toxicological mechanisms of NPs, was investigated in A549 cells by the dichlorofluorescin (DCF) assay to be significantly induced at NP concentrations above 113 μg/mL. However, induction of oxidative stress related pathways was not found after silica NP exposure for 24 h in gene array studies conducted in A549 cells at a relatively low NP concentration (EC20). Up-regulated genes (more than 2-fold) were primarily related to lipid metabolism and biosynthesis whereas down-regulated genes included several processes such as transcription, cell junction, extra cellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and others. Thus, gene expression data proposes that several cellular processes other than oxidative stress could be affected by exposure to silica NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Foldbjerg
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Gianoncelli A, Kourousias G, Stolfa A, Kaulich B. Recent developments at the TwinMic beamline at ELETTRA: an 8 SDD detector setup for low energy X-ray Fluorescence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/425/18/182001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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45
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Bregar VB, Lojk J, Suštar V, Veranič P, Pavlin M. Visualization of internalization of functionalized cobalt ferrite nanoparticles and their intracellular fate. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:919-31. [PMID: 23486857 PMCID: PMC3592555 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s38749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, nanoparticles (NPs) and related applications have become an intensive area of research, especially in the biotechnological and biomedical fields, with magnetic NPs being one of the promising tools for tumor treatment and as MRI-contrast enhancers. Several internalization and cytotoxicity studies have been performed, but there are still many unanswered questions concerning NP interactions with cells and NP stability. In this study, we prepared functionalized magnetic NPs coated with polyacrylic acid, which were stable in physiological conditions and which were also nontoxic short-term. Using fluorescence, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy, we were able to observe and determine the internalization pathways of polyacrylic acid–coated NPs in Chinese hamster ovary cells. With scanning electron microscopy we captured what might be the first step of NPs internalization – an endocytic vesicle in the process of formation enclosing NPs bound to the membrane. With fluorescence microscopy we observed that NP aggregates were rapidly internalized, in a time-dependent manner, via macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Inside the cytoplasm, aggregated NPs were found enclosed in acidified vesicles accumulated in the perinuclear region 1 hour after exposure, where they stayed for up to 24 hours. High intracellular loading of NPs in the Chinese hamster ovary cells was obtained after 24 hours, with no observable toxic effects. Thus polyacrylic acid–coated NPs have potential for use in biotechnological and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir B Bregar
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Romero G, Sanz DJ, Qiu Y, Yu D, Mao Z, Gao C, Moya SE. Lipid layer engineering of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles to control their uptake and intracellular co-localisation. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:2252-2259. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb00284e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Chen H, Rogalski MM, Anker JN. Advances in functional X-ray imaging techniques and contrast agents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:13469-86. [PMID: 22962667 PMCID: PMC3569739 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41858d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
X-rays have been used for non-invasive high-resolution imaging of thick biological specimens since their discovery in 1895. They are widely used for structural imaging of bone, metal implants, and cavities in soft tissue. Recently, a number of new contrast methodologies have emerged which are expanding X-ray's biomedical applications to functional as well as structural imaging. These techniques are promising to dramatically improve our ability to study in situ biochemistry and disease pathology. In this review, we discuss how X-ray absorption, X-ray fluorescence, and X-ray excited optical luminescence can be used for physiological, elemental, and molecular imaging of vasculature, tumors, pharmaceutical distribution, and the surface of implants. Imaging of endogenous elements, exogenous labels, and analytes detected with optical indicators will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technology (COMSET), Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Bohic S, Cotte M, Salomé M, Fayard B, Kuehbacher M, Cloetens P, Martinez-Criado G, Tucoulou R, Susini J. Biomedical applications of the ESRF synchrotron-based microspectroscopy platform. J Struct Biol 2012; 177:248-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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