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Kim J, Gao C, Guo P, Sheng J, Wang J. A novel approach to alleviate acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity with hybrid balloon flower root-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (BDEs) with silymarin via inhibition of hepatocyte MAPK pathway and apoptosis. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:334. [PMID: 38890646 PMCID: PMC11184736 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Balloon flower root-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (BDEs) have recently been proposed as physiologically active molecules with no cytotoxicity. However, the therapeutic effects of drug-induced hepatotoxicity of BDEs have not been elucidated. BDEs contain a large amount of platycodin D, which is widely known to be effective in regulating inflammation and ameliorating systemic toxicity. Thus, the main therapeutic activity of BDEs is attributed to inhibiting the inflammatory response and alleviating toxicity. In this study, we fabricated the hybrid BDEs fused with liposomes containing silymarin (SM) to enhance the synergistic effect on inhibition of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity (APAP). OBJECTIVE Considering the potential therapeutic effects of BDEs, and the potential to achieve synergistic effects to improve therapeutic outcomes, we constructed hybrid BDEs with a soy lecithin-based liposome loaded with SM. Since liposomes can provide higher thermal stability and have greater structural integrity, these might be more resistant to clearance and enzymatic degradation of drug molecules. METHODS Hybrid BDEs with liposome-loaded SM (BDEs@lipo-SM) were fabricated by thin-film hydration and extrusion. BDEs@lipo-SM were characterized using dynamic light scattering and high-performance liquid chromatography. After confirmation of the physical properties of BDEs@lipo-SM, various therapeutic properties were evaluated. RESULTS BDEs@lipo-SM were internalized by hepatocytes and immune cells and significantly decreased mRNA expression of apoptosis and inflammation-relevant cytokines by inhibiting the hepatocyte MAPK pathway. BDEs@lipo-SM significantly induced an increase in glutathione levels and inhibited APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSION From this study, we know that BDEs are reliable and safe nanovesicles containing natural metabolites derived from balloon flower, and they can facilitate intercellular communication. BDEs are also easily modified to enhance drug loading capacity, targeting effects, and long-term accumulation in vivo. BDEs@lipo-SM have therapeutic benefits for acute liver injury and can alleviate cell death and toxicity. They can be efficiently delivered to the liver and effectively inhibit APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway and apoptosis, which accelerates liver recovery in the APAP-induced acute liver injury model. These findings highlight that BDEs represent an attractive delivery vehicle for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Gao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Pengcheng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Sheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
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Dobariya P, Xie W, Rao SP, Xie J, Seelig DM, Vince R, Lee MK, More SS. Deletion of Glyoxalase 1 Exacerbates Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:648. [PMID: 38929087 PMCID: PMC11200933 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose triggers a cascade of intracellular oxidative stress events, culminating in acute liver injury. The clinically used antidote, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), has a narrow therapeutic window, and early treatment is essential for a satisfactory therapeutic outcome. For more versatile therapies that can be effective even at late presentation, the intricacies of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity must be better understood. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the consequent activation of the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) are considered one of the key mechanistic features of APAP toxicity. Glyoxalase 1 (Glo-1) regulates AGE formation by limiting the levels of methylglyoxal (MEG). In this study, we studied the relevance of Glo-1 in the APAP-mediated activation of RAGE and downstream cell death cascades. Constitutive Glo-1-knockout mice (GKO) and a cofactor of Glo-1, ψ-GSH, were used as tools. Our findings showed elevated oxidative stress resulting from the activation of RAGE and hepatocyte necrosis through steatosis in GKO mice treated with high-dose APAP compared to wild-type controls. A unique feature of the hepatic necrosis in GKO mice was the appearance of microvesicular steatosis as a result of centrilobular necrosis, rather than the inflammation seen in the wild type. The GSH surrogate and general antioxidant ψ-GSH alleviated APAP toxicity irrespective of the Glo-1 status, suggesting that oxidative stress is the primary driver of APAP toxicity. Overall, the exacerbation of APAP hepatotoxicity in GKO mice suggests the importance of this enzyme system in antioxidant defense against the initial stages of APAP overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakashkumar Dobariya
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (P.D.); (W.X.); (S.P.R.); (J.X.); (R.V.)
| | - Wei Xie
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (P.D.); (W.X.); (S.P.R.); (J.X.); (R.V.)
| | - Swetha Pavani Rao
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (P.D.); (W.X.); (S.P.R.); (J.X.); (R.V.)
| | - Jiashu Xie
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (P.D.); (W.X.); (S.P.R.); (J.X.); (R.V.)
| | - Davis M. Seelig
- Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Robert Vince
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (P.D.); (W.X.); (S.P.R.); (J.X.); (R.V.)
| | - Michael K. Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Swati S. More
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (P.D.); (W.X.); (S.P.R.); (J.X.); (R.V.)
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Sadeghinejad S, Mousavi M, Zeidooni L, Mansouri E, Mohtadi S, Khodayar MJ. Ameliorative effects of umbelliferone against acetaminophen-induced hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation in mice. Res Pharm Sci 2024; 19:83-92. [PMID: 39006976 PMCID: PMC11244709 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.394823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used antipyretic and pain reliever that its overdose causes acute liver toxicity. Umbelliferone (UMB) has many pharmacological effects. In this study, the hepatoprotective effect of UMB on acute hepatotoxicity induced by APAP was investigated. Experimental approach Forty-nine male mice were separated into seven groups. The control received vehicle (i.p.), UMB group received UMB (120 mg/kg, i.p.), APAP group was treated with a single dose of APAP (350 mg/kg, i.p.), and pretreated groups received N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 200 mg/kg, i.p.) or different doses of UMB (30, 60, and 120 mg/kg, i.p.), respectively before APAP. Twenty-four hours after APAP injection, mice were sacrificed and blood and liver samples were collected. Then, serum and tissue samples were investigated for biochemical and histological studies. Findings/Results A single dose of APAP caused elevation in the serum liver enzymes, including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase. The amounts of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and nitric oxide increased in the mice's liver tissue. Moreover, the amount of total thiol and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) significantly diminished in the APAP group. Histological results confirmed the hepatotoxicity induced by APAP. However, UMB (more effective at 60 and 120 mg/kg) lessened APAP-induced hepatic injuries, which is comparable with NAC effects. Conclusion and implications The findings of this study provided evidence that UMB ameliorates liver injury induced by APAP through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Sadeghinejad
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Mousavi
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Leila Zeidooni
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shokooh Mohtadi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Dobariya P, Xie W, Rao SP, Xie J, Seelig DM, Vince R, Lee MK, More SS. Deletion of Glyoxalase 1 exacerbates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.21.572856. [PMID: 38187538 PMCID: PMC10769331 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.21.572856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose triggers a cascade of intracellular oxidative stress events culminating in acute liver injury. The clinically used antidote, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has a narrow therapeutic window and early treatment is essential for satisfactory therapeutic outcome. For more versatile therapies that can be effective even at late-presentation, the intricacies of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity must be better understood. Accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and consequent activation of the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) are considered one of the key mechanistic features of APAP toxicity. Glyoxalase-1 (Glo-1) regulates AGE formation by limiting the levels of methylglyoxal (MEG). In this study, we studied the relevance of Glo-1 in APAP mediated activation of RAGE and downstream cell-death cascades. Constitutive Glo-1 knockout mice (GKO) and a cofactor of Glo-1, ψ-GSH, were employed as tools. Our findings show elevated oxidative stress, activation of RAGE and hepatocyte necrosis through steatosis in GKO mice treated with high-dose APAP compared to wild type controls. A unique feature of the hepatic necrosis in GKO mice is the appearance of microvesicular steatosis as a result of centrilobular necrosis, rather than inflammation seen in wild type. The GSH surrogate and general antioxidant, ψ-GSH alleviated APAP toxicity irrespective of Glo-1 status, suggesting that oxidative stress being the primary driver of APAP toxicity. Overall, exacerbation of APAP hepatotoxicity in GKO mice suggests the importance of this enzyme system in antioxidant defense against initial stages of APAP overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakashkumar Dobariya
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Wei Xie
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Swetha Pavani Rao
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Jiashu Xie
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Davis M. Seelig
- Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Robert Vince
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Michael K. Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Swati S. More
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Kalyanaraman B. NAC, NAC, Knockin' on Heaven's door: Interpreting the mechanism of action of N-acetylcysteine in tumor and immune cells. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102497. [PMID: 36242913 PMCID: PMC9563555 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been used as a direct scavenger of reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide, in particular) and an antioxidant in cancer biology and immuno-oncology. NAC is the antioxidant drug most frequently employed in studies using tumor cells, immune cells, and preclinical mouse xenografts. Most studies use redox-active fluorescent probes such as dichlorodihydrofluorescein, hydroethidine, mitochondria-targeted hydroethidine, and proprietary kit-based probes (i.e., CellROX Green and CellROX Red) for intracellular detection of superoxide or hydrogen peroxide. Inhibition of fluorescence by NAC was used as a key experimental observation to support the formation of reactive oxygen species and redox mechanisms proposed for ferroptosis, tumor metastasis, and redox signaling in the tumor microenvironment. Reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide stimulate or abrogate tumor cells and immune cells depending on multiple factors. Understanding the mechanism of antioxidants is crucial for interpretation of the results. Because neither NAC nor the fluorescent probes indicated above react directly with hydrogen peroxide, it is critically important to reinterpret the results to advance our understanding of the mechanism of action of NAC and shed additional mechanistic insight on redox-regulated signaling in tumor biology. To this end, this review is focused on how NAC could affect multiple pathways in cancer cells, including iron signaling, ferroptosis, and the glutathione-dependent antioxidant and redox signaling mechanism, and how NAC could inhibit oxidation of the fluorescent probes through multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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6
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Licata A, Minissale MG, Stankevičiūtė S, Sanabria-Cabrera J, Lucena MI, Andrade RJ, Almasio PL. N-Acetylcysteine for Preventing Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury: A Comprehensive Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:828565. [PMID: 36034775 PMCID: PMC9399785 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.828565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is used as an antidote in acetaminophen (APAP) overdose to prevent and mitigate drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Our objective was to systematically review evidence of the use of NAC as a therapeutic option for APAP overdose and APAP-related DILI in order to define the optimal treatment schedule and timing to start treatment. Methods: Bibliographic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and MEDLINE) were searched for retrospective and prospective cohort studies, case series, and clinical trials. The prespecified primary outcomes were DILI-related mortality, hepatotoxicity, and adverse events (AEs). Results: In total, 34 studies of NAC usage in APAP-related DILI cases with 19,580 patients were identified, of which 2,376 patients developed hepatotoxicities. The mortality rate across different studies ranged from 0 to 52%. Large variability of NAC regimens was found, i.e., intravenous (I.V.) (100-150 mg/kg) and oral (70-140 mg/kg), and length of treatment varied-12, 24, or 48 h for I.V. regimen and 72 h for oral administration. The timing of initiation of NAC treatment showed different results in terms of occurrence of hepatotoxicity and mortality; if started within 8 h and no more than 24 h from APAP overdose, either intravenously or orally, NAC administration was efficacious in terms of mortality. The most frequent AEs reported were anaphylactic reactions, followed by cutaneous AEs for the IV route and intestinal AEs for the oral one. Conclusion: NAC improves hepatotoxicity and reduces mortality. Timing of treatment, ranging from 8 to 24 h from APAP overdose, regardless of the regimen or route of administration, is important to prevent or minimize liver damage, particularly in children and in elderly and obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Licata
- Medicina Interna ed Epatologia, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro,” PROMISE, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Minissale
- Medicina Interna ed Epatologia, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro,” PROMISE, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Stankevičiūtė
- Medicina Interna ed Epatologia, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro,” PROMISE, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Judith Sanabria-Cabrera
- UCICEC IBIMA, Plataforma SCReN (Spanish Clinical Research Network), Malaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Lucena
- UCICEC IBIMA, Plataforma SCReN (Spanish Clinical Research Network), Malaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Raul J Andrade
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Piero Luigi Almasio
- Medicina Interna ed Epatologia, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro,” PROMISE, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Shi C, Jiao F, Wang Y, Chen Q, Wang L, Gong Z. SIRT3 inhibitor 3-TYP exacerbates thioacetamide-induced hepatic injury in mice. Front Physiol 2022; 13:915193. [PMID: 35923224 PMCID: PMC9340259 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.915193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to explore the effects of SIRT3 inhibitor 3-TYP on acute liver failure (ALF) in mice and its underlying mechanism. The mice were treated with thioacetamide (TAA, 300 mg/kg) for inducing ALF model. 3-TYP (50 mg/kg) was administered 2 h prior to TAA. The liver histological changes were measured by HE staining. Blood samples were collected for analysis of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). MDA and GSH were used to evaluate the oxidative stress of liver. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) were measured by ELISA and Western blotting. The cell type expression of IL-1β in liver tissue was detected by immunofluorescent staining. The expression of SIRT3, MnSOD, ALDH2, MAPK, NF-κB, Nrf2/HO-1, p-elF2α/CHOP, and cleaved caspase 3 was determined by Western blotting. TUNEL staining was performed to detect the apoptosis cells of liver tissues. 3-TYP exacerbated the liver injury of ALF mice. 3-TYP increased the inflammatory responses and activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways. In addition, 3-TYP administration enhanced the damage of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and promoted hepatocyte apoptosis in ALF mice. 3-TYP exacerbates thioacetamide-induced hepatic injury in mice. Activation of SIRT3 could be a promising target for the treatment of ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangzhou Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Luwen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuojiong Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zuojiong Gong,
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8
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The danger signal interferon-induced protein 35 (IFP35) mediates acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 621:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Thomas C, Wurzer L, Malle E, Ristow M, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT. Modulation of Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis as a Pleiotropic Effect of Commonly Used Drugs. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:905261. [PMID: 35821802 PMCID: PMC9261327 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.905261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Age-associated diseases represent a growing burden for global health systems in our aging society. Consequently, we urgently need innovative strategies to counteract these pathological disturbances. Overwhelming generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with age-related damage, leading to cellular dysfunction and, ultimately, diseases. However, low-dose ROS act as crucial signaling molecules and inducers of a vaccination-like response to boost antioxidant defense mechanisms, known as mitohormesis. Consequently, modulation of ROS homeostasis by nutrition, exercise, or pharmacological interventions is critical in aging. Numerous nutrients and approved drugs exhibit pleiotropic effects on ROS homeostasis. In the current review, we provide an overview of drugs affecting ROS generation and ROS detoxification and evaluate the potential of these effects to counteract the development and progression of age-related diseases. In case of inflammation-related dysfunctions, cardiovascular- and neurodegenerative diseases, it might be essential to strengthen antioxidant defense mechanisms in advance by low ROS level rises to boost the individual ROS defense mechanisms. In contrast, induction of overwhelming ROS production might be helpful to fight pathogens and kill cancer cells. While we outline the potential of ROS manipulation to counteract age-related dysfunction and diseases, we also raise the question about the proper intervention time and dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Thomas
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism Institute of Translational Medicine Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Lia Wurzer
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ernst Malle
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Ristow
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism Institute of Translational Medicine Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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Noda T, Kato R, Ozato Y, Kawai Y, Yamamoto M, Kagawa Y, Azuma M, Yamamoto K, Kusanagi M, Uryu K, Harada H, Ijiri Y, Hayashi T, Tanaka K. Decreased plasma acetaminophen glucuronide/acetaminophen concentration ratio warns the onset of acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2022; 43:108-116. [PMID: 35508086 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury (AILI) is the most common cause of acute liver failure. Although the mechanisms that trigger AILI are well known, it is less understood how to halt AILI progression and facilitate liver recovery. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the pathophysiology of APAP hepatotoxicity in patients and to examine predictive/preventive markers. In a clinical study, we had a case in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels increased in a patient with a low ratio of APAP glucuronide concentration (AP-G)/APAP plasma concentration. Then a reverse translational study was conducted for clarifying this clinical question. The relationship between plasma AP-G/APAP concentration ratio and the levels of AST and ALT was examined by in vivo and in vitro experiments. In in vivo experiments, 10-week-old rats showed lower UGT activity, lower AP-G/APAP concentration ratios, and higher AST and ALT levels than 5-week-old rats. This suggests an inverse correlation between the AP-G/APAP concentration ratio and the AST, ALT levels in APAP-treated rats. Furthermore, as a result of the in vitro experiment, it was confirmed that the cell viability decreased when the AP-G/APAP concentration ratio in the culture medium decreased. Since the decrease in the plasma AP-G/APAP concentration ratio appears earlier than the increase of AST and ALT levels, the ratio might be a presymptomatic marker of AILI. When APAP is used for a long time, it is recommended to perform therapeutic drug monitoring of the AP-G/APAP concentration ratio, which is a predictive/preventive marker of AILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Noda
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ozato
- Yao Tokusyukai General Hospital, 1-17 wakakusacho, Yao, Osaka, 581-0011, Japan
| | - Yuka Kawai
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Masato Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yuya Kagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Misa Azuma
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Kojiro Yamamoto
- Yao Tokusyukai General Hospital, 1-17 wakakusacho, Yao, Osaka, 581-0011, Japan
| | - Mika Kusanagi
- Yao Tokusyukai General Hospital, 1-17 wakakusacho, Yao, Osaka, 581-0011, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Uryu
- Yao Tokusyukai General Hospital, 1-17 wakakusacho, Yao, Osaka, 581-0011, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Harada
- Yao Tokusyukai General Hospital, 1-17 wakakusacho, Yao, Osaka, 581-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ijiri
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan.,Kidney Center, Shirasagi Hospital, 7-11-23 Kumata, Higashisumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 546-0002, Japan
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11
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Jiao F, Zhang Z, Hu H, Zhang Y, Xiong Y. SIRT6 Activator UBCS039 Inhibits Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatic Injury In Vitro and In Vivo. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:837544. [PMID: 35517808 PMCID: PMC9065480 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT6 has been reported to have multiple functions in inflammation and metabolism. In the present study, we explored the regulatory effects and mechanisms of SIRT6 in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced mice acute liver failure (ALF) models. The SIRT6 activator UBCS039 was used in this animal and cell experiments. We observed that UBCS039 ameliorated liver damage, including inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. Further study of mechanisms showed that the upregulation of SIRT6 inhibited the inflammation reaction by suppressing the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in the TAA-induced ALF mice model and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. In addition, the upregulation of SIRT6 alleviated oxidative stress damage in hepatocytes by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. These findings demonstrate that pharmacologic activator of SIRT6 could be a promising target for ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zongwei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongtu Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongxi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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12
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Benić MS, Nežić L, Vujić-Aleksić V, Mititelu-Tartau L. Novel Therapies for the Treatment of Drug-Induced Liver Injury: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:785790. [PMID: 35185538 PMCID: PMC8847672 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.785790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many drugs with different mechanisms of action and indications available on the market today are capable of inducing hepatotoxicity. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has been a treatment challenge nowadays as it was in the past. We searched Medline (via PubMed), CENTRAL, Science Citation Index Expanded, clinical trials registries and databases of DILI and hepatotoxicity up to 2021 for novel therapies for the management of adult patients with DILI based on the combination of three main search terms: 1) treatment, 2) novel, and 3) drug-induced liver injury. The mechanism of action of novel therapies, the potential of their benefit in clinical settings, and adverse drug reactions related to novel therapies were extracted. Cochrane Risk of bias tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) assessment approach was involved in the assessment of the certainty of the evidence for primary outcomes of included studies. One thousand three hundred seventy-two articles were identified. Twenty-eight articles were included in the final analysis. Eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were detected and for six the available data were sufficient for analysis. In abstract form only we found six studies which were also anaylzed. Investigated agents included: bicyclol, calmangafodipir, cytisin amidophospate, fomepizole, livina-polyherbal preparation, magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG), picroliv, plasma exchange, radix Paeoniae Rubra, and S-adenosylmethionine. The primary outcomes of included trials mainly included laboratory markers improvement. Based on the moderate-certainty evidence, more patients treated with MgIG experienced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization compared to placebo. Low-certainty evidence suggests that bicyclol treatment leads to a reduction of ALT levels compared to phosphatidylcholine. For the remaining eight interventions, the certainty of the evidence for primary outcomes was assessed as very low and we are very uncertain in any estimate of effect. More effort should be involved to investigate the novel treatment of DILI. Well-designed RCTs with appropriate sample sizes, comparable groups and precise, not only surrogate outcomes are urgently welcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Stanić Benić
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Lana Nežić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Vesna Vujić-Aleksić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- The Republic of Srpska Agency for Certification, Accreditation and Quality Improvement in Health Care, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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13
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Noda T, Kato R, Hattori T, Furukawa Y, Ijiri Y, Tanaka K. Role of caspase-8 and/or -9 as biomarkers that can distinguish the potential to cause toxic- and immune related-adverse event, for the progress of acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Life Sci 2022; 294:120351. [PMID: 35092733 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose can cause acute liver failure. Although it is well known that APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) is caused by toxic mechanism, recently it is also reported to be immune related. However, the detail of the mechanism has been unclear. Therefore, elucidation of the pathophysiology is required. MAIN METHODS In AILI model rats (800 mg/kg), the levels of AST, ALT and Caspase (C)-3/-8/-9 levels were measured. In in vitro study using human hepatocyte cells (FLC-4) and THP-1 cells, APAP (1.0 mM) were added to FLC-4 and the cell viability, C-9, cytochrome c, mitochondria membrane potential, and glutathione levels of FLC-4 and inflammasome activation of THP-1 were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS In AILI model rats, the levels of AST and ALT were increased only at 12-24 h. C-3/-9 levels rose at 6-9 h, whereas C-8 level rose hours later, moreover, 24 h after; C-3/-8/-9 levels re-rose. In FLC-4 cells, cytochrome c was released from the mitochondria which is promoted by oxidative stress due to drug metabolism and C-9 was activated. Thus, AILI was caused mitochondrial damage by NAPQI as early reaction (first stage). In the next stage, inflammasomes of human antigen presenting cells, which released inflammatory cytokines were activated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from damaged hepatocyte by APAP. SIGNIFICANCE It is confirmed that AILI includes immune related mechanism. Thereby, in case of N-acetylcysteine refractory, additional administration of steroid hormones should be effective and recommended as a novel strategy for AILI with immune related adverse event (irAE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Noda
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hattori
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Furukawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ijiri
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan; Kidney Center, Shirasagi Hospital, Kumata, Higashisumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Atlas D. Emerging therapeutic opportunities of novel thiol-amides, NAC-amide (AD4/NACA) and thioredoxin mimetics (TXM-Peptides) for neurodegenerative-related disorders. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:120-141. [PMID: 34481041 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding neurodegenerative diseases have challenged scientists for decades. It has become apparent that a decrease in life span is often correlated with the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidative stress and the subsequent inflammatory damages appear to contribute to the different molecular and biochemical mechanisms associated with neurodegeneration. In this review, I examine the protective properties of novel amino acid based compounds, comprising the AD series (AD1-AD7) in particular N-acetylcysteine amide, AD4, also called NACA, and the series of thioredoxin mimetic (TXM) peptides, TXM-CB3-TXM-CB16. Designed to cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and permeate the cell membrane, these antioxidant/anti-inflammatory compounds may enable effective treatment of neurodegenerative related disorders. The review addresses the molecular mechanism of cellular protection exhibited by these new reagents, focusing on the reversal of oxidative stress, mitochondrial stress, inflammatory damages, and prevention of premature cell death. In addition, it will cover the outlook of the clinical prospects of AD4/NACA and the thioredoxin-mimetic peptides, which are currently in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Atlas
- Professor of Neurochemistry, Dept. of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
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15
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Pedre B, Barayeu U, Ezeriņa D, Dick TP. The mechanism of action of N-acetylcysteine (NAC): The emerging role of H 2S and sulfane sulfur species. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 228:107916. [PMID: 34171332 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Initially adopted as a mucolytic about 60 years ago, the cysteine prodrug N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the standard of care to treat paracetamol intoxication, and is included on the World Health Organization's list of essential medicines. Additionally, NAC increasingly became the epitome of an "antioxidant". Arguably, it is the most widely used "antioxidant" in experimental cell and animal biology, as well as clinical studies. Most investigators use and test NAC with the idea that it prevents or attenuates oxidative stress. Conventionally, it is assumed that NAC acts as (i) a reductant of disulfide bonds, (ii) a scavenger of reactive oxygen species and/or (iii) a precursor for glutathione biosynthesis. While these mechanisms may apply under specific circumstances, they cannot be generalized to explain the effects of NAC in a majority of settings and situations. In most cases the mechanism of action has remained unclear and untested. In this review, we discuss the validity of conventional assumptions and the scope of a newly discovered mechanism of action, namely the conversion of NAC into hydrogen sulfide and sulfane sulfur species. The antioxidative and cytoprotective activities of per- and polysulfides may explain many of the effects that have previously been ascribed to NAC or NAC-derived glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandán Pedre
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uladzimir Barayeu
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daria Ezeriņa
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias P Dick
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Sun R, Zou B, Li R, Liu D, Lin M, Zhou J, Ning S, Tian X, Yao J. Peroxiredoxin 3 Inhibits Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Pyroptosis Through the Regulation of Mitochondrial ROS. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652782. [PMID: 34054813 PMCID: PMC8155593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a newly discovered form of cell death. Peroxiredoxin 3 (PRX3) plays a crucial role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), but its hepatoprotective capacity in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver disease remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the role of PRX3 in the regulation of pyroptosis during APAP-mediated hepatotoxicity. We demonstrated that pyroptosis occurs in APAP-induced liver injury accompanied by intense oxidative stress and inflammation, and liver specific PRX3 silencing aggravated the initiation of pyroptosis and liver injury after APAP intervention. Notably, excessive mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) was observed to trigger pyroptosis by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome, which was ameliorated by Mito-TEMPO treatment, indicating that the anti-pyroptotic role of PRX3 relies on its powerful ability to regulate mtROS. Overall, PRX3 regulates NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis in APAP-induced liver injury by targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhecheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ruimin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Boyang Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ruixi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Deshun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Musen Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Junjun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shili Ning
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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17
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Cheng YD, Bai YX, Jia M, Chen Y, Wang D, Wu T, Wang G, Yang HW. Potential risks of nicotine on the germination, growth, and nutritional properties of broad bean. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111797. [PMID: 33340958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the allelopathy, uptake and accumulation, and potential agricultural and food safety risks of nicotine in broad bean (Vicia faba L.) during seed germination and seedling growth. Nicotine stress has an allelopathic inhibitory effect on seeds and a hormesis effect on germinated seeds and seedlings, which has an enhancement effect (<50 mg kg-1) and an inhibition effect (>100 mg kg-1) on the germinated seeds and an enhancement effect (<100 mg kg-1) and an inhibition effect (>200 mg kg-1) on the seedlings. Exogenous nicotine can be absorbed by broad bean roots from nicotine-contaminated soil and accumulated in the main organs of the seedlings, especially the leaves, which exceeded the maximum residue level (0.03 mg kg-1 DW) at 50 mg kg-1. Moreover, nicotine resulted in a bitter taste in the edible broad bean leaves, disrupting the balance of basic nutritional properties, decreasing sucrose, and increasing bitter substances such as choline and procyanidin. These results demonstrated that residual nicotine in the soil not only poses potential risks to sustainable agricultural development but also a food safety risk for consumers. The present study provides insight into the potential risks of nicotine in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Dong Cheng
- College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650231, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Bai
- College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650231, China
| | - Meng Jia
- College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650231, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650231, China
| | - Duo Wang
- Kunming Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., LTD. Kunming 650231, China
| | - Ge Wang
- College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650231, China.
| | - Huan-Wen Yang
- College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650231, China.
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18
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Sawyer TW. N-Acetylcysteine as a treatment for sulphur mustard poisoning. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 161:305-320. [PMID: 32980537 PMCID: PMC7516373 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the long and intensive search for effective treatments to counteract the toxicity of the chemical warfare (CW) agent sulphur mustard (H; bis(2-chloroethyl) sulphide), the most auspicious and consistent results have been obtained with the drug N-acetylcysteine (NAC), particularly with respect to its therapeutic use against the effects of inhaled H. It is a synthetic cysteine derivative that has been used in a wide variety of clinical applications for decades and a wealth of information exists on its safety and protective properties against a broad range of toxicants and disease states. Its primary mechanism of action is as a pro-drug for the synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH), particularly in those circumstances where oxidative stress has exhausted intracellular GSH stores. It impacts a number of pathways either directly or through its GSH-related antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which make it a prime candidate as a potential treatment for the wide range of deleterious cellular effects that H is acknowledged to cause in exposed individuals. This report reviews the available literature on the protection afforded by NAC against the toxicity of H in a variety of model systems, including its efficacy in treating the long-term chronic lung effects of H that have been demonstrated in Iranian veterans exposed during the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988). Although there is overwhelming evidence supporting this drug as a potential medical countermeasure against this CW agent, there is a requirement for carefully controlled clinical trials to determine the safety, efficacy and optimal NAC dosage regimens for the treatment of inhaled H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Sawyer
- Defence Research & Development Canada, Suffield Research Centre, Box 4000, Medicine Hat, Alberta, T1A 8K6, Canada.
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19
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Current etiological comprehension and therapeutic targets of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Wang Y, Zhao S, Chen Y, Wang Y, Wang T, Wo X, Dong Y, Zhang J, Xu W, Qu C, Feng X, Wu X, Wang Y, Zhong Z, Zhao W. N-Acetyl cysteine effectively alleviates Coxsackievirus B-Induced myocarditis through suppressing viral replication and inflammatory response. Antiviral Res 2020; 179:104699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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21
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Firozian F, Karami S, Ranjbar A, Azandaryani MT, Nili-Ahmadabadi A. Improvement of therapeutic potential N-acetylcysteine in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by encapsulation in PEGylated nano-niosomes. Life Sci 2020; 255:117832. [PMID: 32450164 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is an effective antidote for the treatment of acetaminophen (APAP) poisoning; however, due to its low stability and bioavailability, repeated dosing of NAC is needed. This study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of NAC by niosomal carriers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Niosomes were synthesized using surface active agents film hydration method and their physicochemical properties were characterized. In the in vivo study, in addition to control group, male rats were divided in different groups and challenged with an oral dose of APAP (2000 mg/kg); 4 h later, rats were administered normal saline, empty niosome (NIO), NAC (25 mg/kg) and NAC-loaded niosome (NAC-NIO) respectively, and sacrificed 48 h post-APAP overdose. KEY FINDINGS The particle size and zeta potential of NAC-NIO were 242.3 ± 18.5 nm and -23.9 ± 1.6 mV. The loading and encapsulation efficiency of niosomes were 1.22% ± 0.02% and 26.76% ± 6.02%. APAP administration leads to hepatic damage as evidenced by increases in serum hepatic enzyme levels and tissue levels of nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation as well as decreases in hepatic levels of reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Treatment of rats with NIO-NAC was remarkably more effective than NAC in improving biochemical changes such as serum hepatic aminotransferases. These findings were correlated well to the histopathological experiments. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that NAC when delivered as a niosomal structure, is potentially more effective than NAC standard, in improving APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Firozian
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Safoura Karami
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University-Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Ranjbar
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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22
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Rotundo L, Pyrsopoulos N. Liver injury induced by paracetamol and challenges associated with intentional and unintentional use. World J Hepatol 2020; 12:125-136. [PMID: 32685105 PMCID: PMC7336293 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i4.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug induced liver injury (DILI) is a common cause of acute liver injury. Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is a widely used anti-pyretic that has long been established to cause liver toxicity once above therapeutic levels. Hepatotoxicity from paracetamol overdose, whether intentional or non-intentional, is the most common cause of DILI in the United States and remains a global issue. Given the increased prevalence of combination medications in the form of pain relievers and antihistamines, paracetamol can be difficult to identify and remains a significant cause of acute hepatotoxicity, as evidenced by its contribution to over half of all acute liver failure cases in the United States. This is especially concerning given that, when co-ingested with other medications, the rise in serum paracetamol levels may be delayed past the 4-hour post-ingestion mark that is currently used to determine patients that require medical therapy. This review serves to describe the clinical and pathophysiologic features of hepatotoxicity secondary to paracetamol and provide an update on current available knowledge and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rotundo
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
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23
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Cheng J, Zhao W, Yao H, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Li YZ, QI Q, Wongprasert K, Tang YJ. Discovery of 4,6-O-Thenylidene-β-d-glucopyranoside-(2″-acetamido, 3″-acetyl-di-S-5-fluorobenzothizole/5-fluorobenzoxazole)-4′-demethylepipodophyllotoxin as Potential Less Toxic Antitumor Candidate Drugs by Reducing DNA Damage and Less Inhibition of PI3K. J Med Chem 2020; 63:2877-2893. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yuemao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Youming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yue-zhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qingsheng QI
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Kanokpan Wongprasert
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama Sixth Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Long X, Song J, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Wang H, Liu X, Suo H. Silkworm pupa oil attenuates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting oxidative stress-mediated NF-κB signaling. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:237-245. [PMID: 31993149 PMCID: PMC6977511 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose causes severe hepatotoxicity and acute liver failure. The current study aims to investigate the protection effects of silkworm pupa oil (SPO) against acute hepatic injury in APAP-exposed Kunming mice. Our results showed that the liver index and the levels of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in mice subjected to APAP treatment were decreased by SPO. Supplement of SPO also restored hepatic histopathological alterations induced by APAP. The APAP-induced increase in proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12, was reversed by SPO, which was mediated by the reduction of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 expression and the increase in the expression of IκB-α in liver tissue. Moreover, SPO inhibited APAP-triggered oxidative stress by decreasing MDA level and increasing the activities of SOD and GSH-Px. Collectively, SPO attenuated hepatic injury induced by APAP, which attributed to the suppression of oxidative stress-mediated NF-κB signaling. Our findings suggest that SPO supplementation may be potential strategy against acute hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyao Long
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijingChina
- College of Food ScienceSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jiajia Song
- College of Food ScienceSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional FoodChongqing University of EducationChongqingChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Food ScienceSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hongwei Wang
- College of Food ScienceSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xinqi Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Huayi Suo
- College of Food ScienceSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
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25
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Pfaff AR, Beltz J, King E, Ercal N. Medicinal Thiols: Current Status and New Perspectives. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:513-529. [PMID: 31746294 PMCID: PMC7286615 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191119144100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The thiol (-SH) functional group is found in a number of drug compounds and confers a unique combination of useful properties. Thiol-containing drugs can reduce radicals and other toxic electrophiles, restore cellular thiol pools, and form stable complexes with heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, and copper. Thus, thiols can treat a variety of conditions by serving as radical scavengers, GSH prodrugs, or metal chelators. Many of the compounds discussed here have been in use for decades, yet continued exploration of their properties has yielded new understanding in recent years, which can be used to optimize their clinical application and provide insights into the development of new treatments. The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight the biochemistry of currently used thiol drugs within the context of developments reported in the last five years. More specifically, this review focuses on thiol drugs that represent the standard of care for their associated conditions, including N-acetylcysteine, 2,3-meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid, British anti-Lewisite, D-penicillamine, amifostine, and others. Reports of novel dosing regimens, delivery strategies, and clinical applications for these compounds were examined with an eye toward emerging approaches to address a wide range of medical conditions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalise R. Pfaff
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Justin Beltz
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Emily King
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Nuran Ercal
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, U.S.A
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26
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Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: From pathophysiological insights to novel therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104450. [PMID: 31509764 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) or chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a common and disabling condition with a paucity of effective and evidence-based therapies, reflecting a major unmet need. Cognitive behavioural therapy and graded exercise are of modest benefit for only some ME/CFS patients, and many sufferers report aggravation of symptoms of fatigue with exercise. The presence of a multiplicity of pathophysiological abnormalities in at least the subgroup of people with ME/CFS diagnosed with the current international consensus "Fukuda" criteria, points to numerous potential therapeutic targets. Such abnormalities include extensive data showing that at least a subgroup has a pro-inflammatory state, increased oxidative and nitrosative stress, disruption of gut mucosal barriers and mitochondrial dysfunction together with dysregulated bioenergetics. In this paper, these pathways are summarised, and data regarding promising therapeutic options that target these pathways are highlighted; they include coenzyme Q10, melatonin, curcumin, molecular hydrogen and N-acetylcysteine. These data are promising yet preliminary, suggesting hopeful avenues to address this major unmet burden of illness.
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Liu X, Zhao H, Luo C, Du D, Huang J, Ming Q, Jin F, Wang D, Huang W. Acetaminophen Responsive miR-19b Modulates SIRT1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Sci 2019; 170:476-488. [PMID: 31077331 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPrevious studies suggest that activation of SIRT1 protects liver from acetaminophen (APAP)-induced injury; however, the detailed mechanism of SIRT1 modulation in this process is still incomplete. Therefore, this study was to investigate the pathophysiological role of SIRT1 in APAP-mediated hepatotoxicity. We found that SIRT1 mRNA and protein were markedly upregulated in human LO2 cells and mouse liver upon APAP exposure. In vitro, the specific knockdown of SIRT1 expression ultimately aggravated APAP-evoked cellular antioxidant defense in LO2 cells. Moreover, lentivirus-mediated knockdown of hepatic SIRT1 expression exacerbated APAP-induced oxidative stress and liver injury, especially reduction of Nrf2 and subsequent downregulation of several antioxidant genes. Intriguingly, 30 mg/kg SRT1720, the specific SIRT1 activator, which greatly enhanced Nrf2 expression and antioxidant defense, and then eventually reversed APAP-induced hepatic liver injury in mice. Furthermore, APAP responsive miR-19b played an important role in regulating SIRT1 expression, whereas overexpression miR-19b largely abolished the induction of SIRT1 by APAP in vitro and in vivo. Specific SIRT1 3′-UTR mutation, which disrupted the interaction of miRNA-3′UTR, and successfully abrogated the modulation by miR-19b. Notably, hepatic miR-19b overexpression worsened the APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. In general, our results support the notion that the strong elevation of SIRT1 by APAP responsive miR-19b may represent a compensatory mechanism to protect liver against the drug-induced damage, at least in part by enhancing Nrf2-mediated antioxidant capacity in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Hongqian Zhao
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Chunyan Luo
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Debin Du
- The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- The Third Hospital of Yichang City, Yichang 443003, China
| | - Jinlong Huang
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Quan Ming
- The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- The Third Hospital of Yichang City, Yichang 443003, China
| | - Fen Jin
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Decheng Wang
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- The Third Hospital of Yichang City, Yichang 443003, China
| | - Weifeng Huang
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- The Third Hospital of Yichang City, Yichang 443003, China
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28
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Upadhyay KK, Jadeja RN, Thadani JM, Joshi A, Vohra A, Mevada V, Patel R, Khurana S, Devkar RV. Carbon monoxide releasing molecule A-1 attenuates acetaminophen-mediated hepatotoxicity and improves survival of mice by induction of Nrf2 and related genes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 360:99-108. [PMID: 30273691 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute liver injury is frequently associated with oxidative stress. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of carbon monoxide releasing molecule A-1 (CORM A-1) in oxidative stress-mediated liver injury. Overnight-fasted mice were injected with acetaminophen (APAP; 300 mg/kg; intraperitoneally) and were sacrificed at 4 and 12 h. They showed elevated levels of serum transaminases, depleted hepatic glutathione (GSH) and hepatocyte necrosis. Mice injected with CORM A-1 (20 mg/kg) 1 h after APAP administration, had reduced serum transaminases, preserved hepatic GSH and reduced hepatocyte necrosis. Mice that received a lethal dose of APAP (600 mg/kg), died by 10 h; but those co-treated with CORM A-1 showed a 50% survival. Compared to APAP-treated mice, livers from those co-treated with CORM A-1, had upregulation of Nrf2 and ARE genes (HO-1, GCLM and NQO-1). APAP-treated mice had elevated hepatic mRNA levels of inflammatory genes (Nf-κB, TNF-α, IL1-β and IL-6), an effect blunted in those co-treated with CORM A-1. In tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-treated HepG2 cells, CORM A-1 augmented cell viability, reduced oxidative stress, activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and anti-oxidant response element (ARE) genes. The molecular docking profile of CO in the kelch domain of Keap1 protein suggested that CO released from CORM A-1 mediated Nrf2 activation. Collectively, these data indicate that CORM A-1 reduces oxidative stress by upregulating Nrf2 and related genes, and restoring hepatic GSH, to reduce hepatocyte necrosis and thus minimize liver injury that contributes to an overall improved survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil K Upadhyay
- Phytotherapeutics and Metabolic Endocrinology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Ravirajsinh N Jadeja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912,USA
| | - Jaymesh M Thadani
- Phytotherapeutics and Metabolic Endocrinology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Apeksha Joshi
- Phytotherapeutics and Metabolic Endocrinology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Aliasgar Vohra
- Phytotherapeutics and Metabolic Endocrinology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Vishal Mevada
- Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat 384265, India
| | - Rajesh Patel
- Bioinformatics and Supercomputer lab, Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat 395007, India
| | - Sandeep Khurana
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and Weight Management, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | - Ranjitsinh V Devkar
- Phytotherapeutics and Metabolic Endocrinology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India.
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29
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Nilsson JLÅ, Blomgren A, Nilsson UJ, Högestätt ED, Grundemar L. N,N'-Bis(2-mercaptoethyl)isophthalamide Binds Electrophilic Paracetamol Metabolites and Prevents Paracetamol-Induced Liver Toxicity. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 123:589-593. [PMID: 29908097 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Paracetamol overdosing may cause liver injury including fulminant liver failure due to generation of the toxic metabolites, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) and p-benzoquinone (p-BQ). Herein, the chelating agent, N,N'-Bis(2-mercaptoethyl)isophthalamide (NBMI), was examined for its potential ability to entrap NAPQI and p-BQ and to prevent paracetamol-induced liver injury. Both NBMI and the conventional paracetamol antidote N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were investigated with regard to their abilities to scavenge the NAPQI and p-BQ in a Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1-dependent screening assay. Stoichiometric evaluations indicated that NBMI was able to entrap these metabolites more efficiently than NAC. Furthermore, oral administration of either NBMI (680 mg/kg) or NAC (680 mg/kg) prevented the development of the characteristic liver necrosis and elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase in a mouse model for paracetamol-induced liver injury. In summary, these results show that NBMI is able to entrap the toxic metabolites NAPQI and p-BQ and to prevent paracetamol-induced liver injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan L Å Nilsson
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Blomgren
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Edward D Högestätt
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Grundemar
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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30
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Thoppil J, Berman A, Kessler B, Sud P, Nogar J. Hand Compartment Syndrome Due to N-acetylcysteine Extravasation. Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med 2018; 1:377-379. [PMID: 29849372 PMCID: PMC5965219 DOI: 10.5811/cpcem.2017.9.35152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the antidote for acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity. Both intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) NAC formulations are available with equal efficacy. Adverse events from either preparation are rare. We describe a hand compartment syndrome after extravasation of NAC requiring emergent fasciotomy during phase three of treatment for suspected APAP toxicity. Extravasation injuries leading to compartment syndrome are rare. It is unclear whether IV NAC induced a direct tissue-toxic insult, or functioned as a space-occupying lesion to cause a compartment syndrome. Compartment syndrome from extravasation of NAC is possible. In cases where IV access is difficult, PO NAC is an alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joby Thoppil
- Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, Department of Emergency Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Adam Berman
- Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, Department of Emergency Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Benjamin Kessler
- Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health, Department of Emergency Medicine, Staten Island, New York
| | - Payal Sud
- Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, Department of Emergency Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Joshua Nogar
- Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, Department of Emergency Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York.,North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Department of Emergency Medicine, Manhasset, New York
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31
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Nagatome M, Kondo Y, Kadowaki D, Saishyo Y, Irikura M, Irie T, Ishitsuka Y. Ethyl pyruvate attenuates acetaminophen-induced liver injury and prevents cellular injury induced by N-acetyl- p-benzoquinone imine. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00521. [PMID: 29560444 PMCID: PMC5857623 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen, a common analgesic/antipyretic, is a frequent cause of acute liver failure in Western countries. The development of an effective cure against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity is crucial. Ethyl pyruvate, an ethyl ester derivative of pyruvic acid, has been identified as a possible candidate against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in animal experiments. However, the mode of the hepatoprotective action of ethyl pyruvate remains unclear. We examined the hepatoprotective effect of ethyl pyruvate against hepatocyte injury and oxidative stress in a mouse model of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. In addition, to examine whether ethyl pyruvate has direct hepatocellular protection against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity to counteract the influence of inflammatory cells, such as macrophages, we examined the effects of ethyl pyruvate on cellular injury induced by N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine, a toxic metabolite of acetaminophen, in a human hepatocyte cell line, HepG2 cells. Treatment with ethyl pyruvate significantly prevented increases in serum transaminase levels and hepatic centrilobular necrosis induced with an acetaminophen overdose in mice in a dose-dependent manner. Although hepatic DNA fragmentation induced by acetaminophen was also attenuated with ethyl pyruvate, nitrotyrosine formation was not inhibited. Ehyl pyruvate significantly attenuated mitochondria dehydrogenase inactivity induced by N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine in HepG2 cells. The attenuating effect was also observed in a rat hepatocyte cell line. Increases in annexin V and propidium iodide-stained cells induced by N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine were prevented with ethyl pyruvate in HepG2 cells. Pyruvic acid, a parent compound of ethyl pyruvate, tended to attenuate these changes. The results indicate that ethyl pyruvate has direct hepatocellular protection against N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine induced injury observed in acetaminophen overdose. The in vivo and in vitro results suggest that ethyl pyruvate attenuates acetaminophen-induced liver injury via, at least in part, its cellular protective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Nagatome
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yuki Kondo
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kadowaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saishyo
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Irikura
- Laboratory of Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University, 22-1 Tamagawa-Cho, Minami-Ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
| | - Tetsumi Irie
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
- Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ishitsuka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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El-Maddawy ZK, El-Sayed YS. Comparative analysis of the protective effects of curcumin and N-acetyl cysteine against paracetamol-induced hepatic, renal, and testicular toxicity in Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:3468-3479. [PMID: 29152699 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the possible protective role of curcumin (CUR) vs. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) against paracetamol (PCM)-induced oxidative damage and impairment of liver, kidney, and testicular functions, as well as hematotoxicity, in albino rats. A large single dose of PCM induced lipid peroxidation along with a significant decline in glutathione content and catalase activity in the liver, kidneys, and testicles. The apparent oxidative damage was associated with evident hepatic, renal, and testicular dysfunction, which was confirmed in histopathological lesions, and increased serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities. PCM decreased serum total protein, albumin, and globulin contents; increased bilirubin, urea, and creatinine contents; and induced hematotoxicity. PCM also reduced the sperm cell count, sperm motility, and alive sperm rate and increased the sperm abnormality rate. Pretreatment of PCM-intoxicated animals with CUR or NAC substantially alleviated the increase in malondialdehyde and maintained the antioxidants at control levels. These pretreatments also minimized liver, kidney, and testicular histopathological changes and normalized their functions. CUR similarly mitigated the PCM hemato- and hepatotoxicity compared with NAC. However, it exhibited a pronounced nephroprotection, rather than reproductive protection as did NAC. Our findings demonstrate that a large single dose of PCM is not only associated with hepatotoxicity but also nephrotoxicity and reproductive toxicity. Both CUR and NAC administration provided substantial organ protection with pronounced efficacy against PCM nephrotoxicity with CUR and reproductive toxicity with NAC, which was possibly mediated through their antioxidant activities, as well as their specific characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Kh El-Maddawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| | - Yasser S El-Sayed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
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33
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Liu YH, Huang QH, Wu X, Wu JZ, Liang JL, Lin GS, Xu LQ, Lai XP, Su ZR, Chen JN. Polydatin protects against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice via anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic activities. Food Funct 2018; 9:5891-5902. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polydatin protects against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.
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34
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Liu S, Zhao Y, He R, Kong L, Xi J, Sun J, Shao Y, Pan X, Zhang J, Zhuang R. Identification of novel N-acetylcysteine derivatives for the treatment of hepatocellular injury. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:2238-2247. [PMID: 30108739 PMCID: PMC6072425 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00409e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New anti-hepatocellular injury drugs with better curative effects and fewer side effects are urgently needed at present. In this study, a series of novel N-acetylcysteine (NAC) derivatives were designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated for their anti-hepatocellular injury activities against two different cell models. In the biological evaluation against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced LO2 hepatocytes, half of the target compounds exhibited moderate to potent activities in improving the model cell viability, and two compounds (6a and 6b) displayed more potent activities in decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels than the positive control NAC. In further 4-acetamidophenol (APAP)-induced LO2 cell experiment, compounds 6a and 6b could not only improve the cell viability but also significantly reduce the secretion of MDA. Additionally, compound 6a displayed excellent Caco-2 permeability and oral bioavailability in rats. All these experimental results suggested that compounds 6a and 6b could serve as potential lead molecules for further development of anti-hepatocellular injury drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shourong Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation , Hangzhou Xixi Hospital , Hangzhou 310023 , Zhejiang Province , China . ; ; ; Fax: +86 571 8546 3955 ; Tel: +86 571 8648 1960
| | - Yanmei Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation , Hangzhou Xixi Hospital , Hangzhou 310023 , Zhejiang Province , China . ; ; ; Fax: +86 571 8546 3955 ; Tel: +86 571 8648 1960
| | - Ruoyu He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation , Hangzhou Xixi Hospital , Hangzhou 310023 , Zhejiang Province , China . ; ; ; Fax: +86 571 8546 3955 ; Tel: +86 571 8648 1960
| | - Limin Kong
- Department of Pharmacy , The First Affiliated Hospital , College of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310003 , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Jianjun Xi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation , Hangzhou Xixi Hospital , Hangzhou 310023 , Zhejiang Province , China . ; ; ; Fax: +86 571 8546 3955 ; Tel: +86 571 8648 1960
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation , Hangzhou Xixi Hospital , Hangzhou 310023 , Zhejiang Province , China . ; ; ; Fax: +86 571 8546 3955 ; Tel: +86 571 8648 1960
| | - Yidan Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation , Hangzhou Xixi Hospital , Hangzhou 310023 , Zhejiang Province , China . ; ; ; Fax: +86 571 8546 3955 ; Tel: +86 571 8648 1960
| | - Xuwang Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation , Hangzhou Xixi Hospital , Hangzhou 310023 , Zhejiang Province , China . ; ; ; Fax: +86 571 8546 3955 ; Tel: +86 571 8648 1960
| | - Jiankang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation , Hangzhou Xixi Hospital , Hangzhou 310023 , Zhejiang Province , China . ; ; ; Fax: +86 571 8546 3955 ; Tel: +86 571 8648 1960
| | - Rangxiao Zhuang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation , Hangzhou Xixi Hospital , Hangzhou 310023 , Zhejiang Province , China . ; ; ; Fax: +86 571 8546 3955 ; Tel: +86 571 8648 1960
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Elbe H, Gul M, Cetin A, Taslidere E, Ozyalin F, Turkoz Y, Otlu A. Resveratrol reduces light and electron microscopic changes in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: Role of iNOS expression. Ultrastruct Pathol 2017; 42:39-48. [PMID: 29192844 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2017.1374313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatotoxicity is a major complication of acetaminophen (APAP), a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug. Resveratrol (RSV) is a naturally occurring diphenol and it has anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. OBJECTIVES In this study, the beneficial effects of RSV on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Group 1: Ethanol, Group 2: Saline, Group 3: RSV (10 mg/kg/ip), Group 4: APAP (1000 mg/kg/ip/single dose), Group 5: APAP+RSV (20 min after administration of APAP). The rats were sacrificed 24 h after administration of APAP. Light and electron microscopic changes were evaluated. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined in liver tissue. RESULTS Rats of the ethanol, saline, and RSV groups did not present any histopathological alterations. In the APAP group, we observed vascular congestion, necrosis, inflammation, sinusoidal dilatation, and loss of glycogen content. In the APAP+RSV group, these changes were markedly reduced. iNOS immunostaining showed very weak positive stained hepatocytes the sections of control, saline, and RSV groups. However, in the APAP group, iNOS immunostaining was most evident in pericentral hepatocytes. In the same areas in APAP+RSV group, intensity of iNOS immunostaining decreased. A significant increase in MDA and decreases in GSH level, CAT, and SOD activity indicated that APAP-induced hepatotoxicity was mediated through oxidative stress. Significant beneficial changes were noted in tissue oxidative stress indicators in rats treated with RSV. CONCLUSION These biochemical, histopathological, and ultrastructural findings revealed that RSV reduced the severity of APAP-induced alterations in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulya Elbe
- a Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology , Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University , Mugla , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gul
- b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology , Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Asli Cetin
- b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology , Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Elif Taslidere
- c Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology , Bezmialem Vakif University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Fatma Ozyalin
- d Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry , Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Yusuf Turkoz
- d Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry , Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Ali Otlu
- b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology , Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
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Wang X, Wu Q, Liu A, Anadón A, Rodríguez JL, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Yuan Z, Martínez MA. Paracetamol: overdose-induced oxidative stress toxicity, metabolism, and protective effects of various compounds in vivo and in vitro. Drug Metab Rev 2017; 49:395-437. [PMID: 28766385 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2017.1354014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Paracetamol (APAP) is one of the most widely used and popular over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic drugs in the world when used at therapeutic doses. APAP overdose can cause severe liver injury, liver necrosis and kidney damage in human beings and animals. Many studies indicate that oxidative stress is involved in the various toxicities associated with APAP, and various antioxidants were evaluated to investigate their protective roles against APAP-induced liver and kidney toxicities. To date, almost no review has addressed the APAP toxicity in relation to oxidative stress. This review updates the research conducted over the past decades into the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and oxidative stress as a result of APAP treatments, and ultimately their correlation with the toxicity and metabolism of APAP. The metabolism of APAP involves various CYP450 enzymes, through which oxidative stress might occur, and such metabolic factors are reviewed within. The therapeutics of a variety of compounds against APAP-induced organ damage based on their anti-oxidative effects is also discussed, in order to further understand the role of oxidative stress in APAP-induced toxicity. This review will throw new light on the critical roles of oxidative stress in APAP-induced toxicity, as well as on the contradictions and blind spots that still exist in the understanding of APAP toxicity, the cellular effects in terms of organ injury and cell signaling pathways, and finally strategies to help remedy such against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- a Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain.,b National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- c College of Life Science , Yangtze University , Jingzhou , China.,d Faculty of Informatics and Management , Center for Basic and Applied Research, University of Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Aimei Liu
- b National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Arturo Anadón
- a Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - José-Luis Rodríguez
- a Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- a Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- b National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei , China.,e MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei , China.,f Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- a Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
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Abstract
Background The dose-limiting toxic effect of cyclophosphamide (CY) is cardiotoxicity. The pathogenesis of myocardial damage is poorly understood, and there is no established means of prevention. In previous studies, we suggested that for CY-induced cardiotoxicity, whereas acrolein is the key toxic metabolite, carboxyethylphosphoramide mustard (CEPM) is protective. We sought to verify that acrolein is the main cause of cardiotoxicity and to investigate whether aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which is associated with greater CEPM production, is involved in the protective effect for cardiotoxicity. We also evaluated the protective effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an amino acid with antioxidant activity and a known acrolein scavenger. Methods H9c2 cells were exposed to CY metabolites HCY (4-hydroxy-cyclophosphamide), acrolein or CEPM. The degree of cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We also investigated how the myocardial cellular protective effects of CY metabolites were modified by NAC. To quantify acrolein levels, we measured the culture supernatants using high performance liquid chromatography. We measured ALDH activity after exposure to HCY or acrolein and the same with pre-treatment with NAC. Results Exposure of H9c2 cells to CEPM did not cause cytotoxicity. Increased ROS levels and myocardial cytotoxicity, however, were induced by HCY and acrolein. In cell cultures, HCY was metabolized to acrolein. Less ALDH activity was observed after exposure to HCY or acrolein. Treatment with NAC reduced acrolein concentrations. Conclusions Increased ROS generation and decreased ALDH activity confirmed that CY metabolites HCY and acrolein are strongly implicated in cardiotoxicity. By inhibiting ROS generation, increasing ALDH activity and decreasing the presence of acrolein, NAC has the potential to prevent CY-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Castañeda-Arriaga R, Galano A. Exploring Chemical Routes Relevant to the Toxicity of Paracetamol and Its meta-Analogue at a Molecular Level. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1286-1301. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Castañeda-Arriaga
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina.
Iztapalapa, C. P. 09340, México D. F., México
| | - Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina.
Iztapalapa, C. P. 09340, México D. F., México
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Xu XY, Hu JN, Liu Z, Zhang R, He YF, Hou W, Wang ZQ, Yang G, Li W. Saponins (Ginsenosides) from the Leaves of Panax quinquefolius Ameliorated Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3684-3692. [PMID: 28429935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is one of the most common inducements of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in the world. The main purpose of this paper was to investigate the liver protection activity of saponins (ginsenosides) from the leaves of Panax quinquefolius (PQS) against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, and the involved mechanisms were demonstrated for the first time. Mice were pretreated with PQS (150 and 300 mg/kg) by oral gavage for 7 days before being treated with 250 mg/kg APAP. Severe liver injury was exerted at 24 h post-APAP, and hepatotoxicity was assessed. Our results showed that pretreatment with PQS significantly decreased the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels in a dose-dependent manner as compared to the APAP administration. Meanwhile, compared with that in the APAP group, PQS decreased hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) expression and restored reduced glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in livers of mice. PQS inhibited the overexpression of pro-inflammatory factors cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the liver tissues. Furthermore, Western blotting analysis revealed that PQS pretreatment inhibited the activation of apoptotic signaling pathways via increase of Bcl-2 and decrease of Bax and caspase-3 protein expression levels. Liver histopathological observation provided further evidence that PQS pretreatment significantly inhibited APAP-induced hepatocyte necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and congestion. Biological indicators of nitrative stress such as 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) were inhibited after PQS pretreatment, compared to the APAP group. The present study clearly demonstrates that PQS exerts a protective effect against APAP-induced hepatic injury because of its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities. The findings from the present investigation show that PQS might be a promising candidate treatment agent against drug-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yue Xu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jun-Nan Hu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, CAAS , Changchun 132109, China
| | - Yu-Fang He
- Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, CAAS , Changchun 132109, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Wang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, CAAS , Changchun 132109, China
| | - Ge Yang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118, China
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