1
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Reddy K, Ramachandran B. A reproducible and affordable method of conducting luciferase assay. Anal Biochem 2024; 692:115558. [PMID: 38735426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Commercially available glow luciferase assay kits are widely popular and convenient to use. However, concerning high-throughput screening, commercial kits are limited by huge running costs. As an alternative to commercial luciferase assay kits, this study presents a cost-effective and efficient methodology of performing a simple and rapid laboratory flash luciferase assay. The proposed luciferase assay method has a versatile use ranging from screening lysates in a microplate reader for quantitative assay as well as screening live cells qualitatively or quantitatively under an imaging system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirtana Reddy
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute WIA, Adyar, Chennai, 600 036, India
| | - Balaji Ramachandran
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute WIA, Adyar, Chennai, 600 036, India.
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2
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Ellis MW, Riaz M, Huang Y, Anderson CW, Hoareau M, Li X, Luo H, Lee S, Park J, Luo J, Batty LD, Huang Q, Lopez CA, Reinhardt DP, Tellides G, Qyang Y. De Novo Elastin Assembly Alleviates Development of Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1674-1682. [PMID: 38752350 PMCID: PMC11209776 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.320790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A series of incurable cardiovascular disorders arise due to improper formation of elastin during development. Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS), resulting from a haploinsufficiency of ELN, is caused by improper stress sensing by medial vascular smooth muscle cells, leading to progressive luminal occlusion and heart failure. SVAS remains incurable, as current therapies do not address the root issue of defective elastin. METHODS We use SVAS here as a model of vascular proliferative disease using both human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived vascular smooth muscle cells and developmental Eln+/- mouse models to establish de novo elastin assembly as a new therapeutic intervention. RESULTS We demonstrate mitigation of vascular proliferative abnormalities following de novo extracellular elastin assembly through the addition of the polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate to SVAS human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived vascular smooth muscle cells and in utero to Eln+/- mice. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate de novo elastin deposition normalizes SVAS human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived vascular smooth muscle cell hyperproliferation and rescues hypertension and aortic mechanics in Eln+/- mice, providing critical preclinical findings for the future application of epigallocatechin gallate treatment in humans.
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MESH Headings
- Elastin/metabolism
- Animals
- Humans
- Catechin/analogs & derivatives
- Catechin/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Aortic Stenosis, Supravalvular/metabolism
- Aortic Stenosis, Supravalvular/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/drug effects
- Mice
- Cells, Cultured
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Female
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Ellis
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Yan Huang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Christopher W. Anderson
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Marie Hoareau
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Hangqi Luo
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Seoyeon Lee
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jinkyu Park
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Luke D. Batty
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Qunhua Huang
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Colleen A. Lopez
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Dieter P. Reinhardt
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - George Tellides
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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3
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Zhu K, Zeng H, Yue L, Huang J, Ouyang J, Liu Z. The Protective Effects of L-Theanine against Epigallocatechin Gallate-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Foods 2024; 13:1121. [PMID: 38611425 PMCID: PMC11011850 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a main bioactive constituent in green tea. Being a redox-active polyphenol, high-dose EGCG exhibits pro-oxidative activity and could cause liver injury. L-theanine is a unique non-protein amino acid in green tea and could provide liver-protective effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of L-theanine on EGCG-induced liver injury and the underlying mechanisms. A total of 300 mg/kg L-theanine was administrated to ICR mice for 7 days. Then, the acute liver injury model was established through intragastric administration of 1000 mg/kg EGCG. Pretreatment with L-theanine significantly alleviated the oxidative stress and inflammatory response caused by high-dose EGCG through modulation of Nrf2 signaling and glutathione homeostasis. Furthermore, metabolomic results revealed that L-theanine protects mice from EGCG-induced liver injury mainly through the regulation of amino acid metabolism, especially tryptophan metabolism. These findings could provide valuable insights into the potential therapeutic applications of L-theanine and highlight the importance of the interactions between dietary components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China;
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Hongzhe Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Lin Yue
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Jianan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Jie Ouyang
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.H.)
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4
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Hu Q, Zhang W, Wei F, Huang M, Shu M, Song D, Wen J, Wang J, Nian Q, Ma X, Zeng J, Zhao Y. Human diet-derived polyphenolic compounds and hepatic diseases: From therapeutic mechanisms to clinical utilization. Phytother Res 2024; 38:280-304. [PMID: 37871899 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the potential ameliorative effects of polyphenolic compounds derived from human diet on hepatic diseases. It discusses the molecular mechanisms and recent advancements in clinical applications. Edible polyphenols have been found to play a therapeutic role, particularly in liver injury, liver fibrosis, NAFLD/NASH, and HCC. In the regulation of liver injury, polyphenols exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, primarily targeting the TGF-β, NF-κB/TLR4, PI3K/AKT, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. In the regulation of liver fibrosis, polyphenolic compounds effectively reverse the fibrotic process by inhibiting the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Furthermore, polyphenolic compounds show efficacy against NAFLD/NASH by inhibiting lipid oxidation and accumulation, mediated through the AMPK, SIRT, and PPARγ pathways. Moreover, several polyphenolic compounds exhibit anti-HCC activity by suppressing tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. This inhibition primarily involves blocking Akt and Wnt signaling, as well as inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Additionally, clinical trials and nutritional evidence support the notion that certain polyphenols can improve liver disease and associated metabolic disorders. However, further fundamental research and clinical trials are warranted to validate the efficacy of dietary polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Wei
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Meilan Huang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyao Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianxia Wen
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jundong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Nian
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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5
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Grădinaru TC, Vlad A, Gilca M. Bitter Phytochemicals as Novel Candidates for Skin Disease Treatment. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 46:299-326. [PMID: 38248322 PMCID: PMC10814078 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin diseases represent a global healthcare challenge due to their rising incidence and substantial socio-economic burden. While biological, immunological, and targeted therapies have brought a revolution in improving quality of life and survival rates for certain dermatological conditions, there remains a stringent demand for new remedies. Nature has long served as an inspiration for drug development. Recent studies have identified bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) in both skin cell lines and human skin. Additionally, bitter natural compounds have shown promising benefits in addressing skin aging, wound healing, inflammatory skin conditions, and even skin cancer. Thus, TAS2Rs may represent a promising target in all these processes. In this review, we summarize evidence supporting the presence of TAS2Rs in the skin and emphasize their potential as drug targets for addressing skin aging, wound healing, inflammatory skin conditions, and skin carcinogenesis. To our knowledge, this is a pioneering work in connecting information on TAS2Rs expression in skin and skin cells with the impact of bitter phytochemicals on various beneficial effects related to skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora-Cristiana Grădinaru
- Department of Functional Sciences I/Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (T.-C.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Adelina Vlad
- Department of Functional Sciences I/Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marilena Gilca
- Department of Functional Sciences I/Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (T.-C.G.); (M.G.)
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6
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Shuvalov O, Kirdeeva Y, Daks A, Fedorova O, Parfenyev S, Simon HU, Barlev NA. Phytochemicals Target Multiple Metabolic Pathways in Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2012. [PMID: 38001865 PMCID: PMC10669507 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metabolic reprogramming is a complex process that provides malignant cells with selective advantages to grow and propagate in the hostile environment created by the immune surveillance of the human organism. This process underpins cancer proliferation, invasion, antioxidant defense, and resistance to anticancer immunity and therapeutics. Perhaps not surprisingly, metabolic rewiring is considered to be one of the "Hallmarks of cancer". Notably, this process often comprises various complementary and overlapping pathways. Today, it is well known that highly selective inhibition of only one of the pathways in a tumor cell often leads to a limited response and, subsequently, to the emergence of resistance. Therefore, to increase the overall effectiveness of antitumor drugs, it is advisable to use multitarget agents that can simultaneously suppress several key processes in the tumor cell. This review is focused on a group of plant-derived natural compounds that simultaneously target different pathways of cancer-associated metabolism, including aerobic glycolysis, respiration, glutaminolysis, one-carbon metabolism, de novo lipogenesis, and β-oxidation of fatty acids. We discuss only those compounds that display inhibitory activity against several metabolic pathways as well as a number of important signaling pathways in cancer. Information about their pharmacokinetics in animals and humans is also presented. Taken together, a number of known plant-derived compounds may target multiple metabolic and signaling pathways in various malignancies, something that bears great potential for the further improvement of antineoplastic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Shuvalov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (Y.K.); (A.D.); (O.F.)
| | - Yulia Kirdeeva
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (Y.K.); (A.D.); (O.F.)
| | - Alexandra Daks
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (Y.K.); (A.D.); (O.F.)
| | - Olga Fedorova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (Y.K.); (A.D.); (O.F.)
| | - Sergey Parfenyev
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (Y.K.); (A.D.); (O.F.)
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Nickolai A. Barlev
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (Y.K.); (A.D.); (O.F.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 20000, Kazakhstan
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7
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Almaguer G, Almaguer-Vargas G, Molina-Trinidad EM, Becerril-Flores MA, Montejano B, Madrigal-Santillan E, Hernández-Ceruelos A, Figueroa-Gutiérrez AH, Montejano E, Montejano-Rodríguez JR. Antitumor Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate and Vincristine in Mice with L5178Y Lymphoma. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3757. [PMID: 37960113 PMCID: PMC10647321 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of research into new therapies is the search for more efficacy and fewer toxic effects in cancer treatments. On one hand, vincristine (VCR) is a chemotherapeutic used in different kinds of tumors. On the other hand, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a green tea metabolite that has shown an antineoplastic effect in diverse investigations, so the objective of this work is to evaluate the antitumor effects of the EGCG/VCR combination on tumor volume and survival. To achieve this objective, the solid model of lymphoma L5178Y was used in BALB/c mice with different doses of VCR, EGCG, and their combination allowed tumor growth and survival time recording. After tumor collection, measurements, and immunohistochemistry for p53, Bcl2, and Cyclin D1 were performed. The results showed that the EGCG/vincristine combination had a greater antitumor effect than those effects of vincristine and EGCG. It can be attributed to the fact that the greatest inhibition of Bcl2 was present in gathering of EGCG harvest with vincristine. Therefore, the combination of EGCG with vincristine has a better antineoplastic effect by inhibiting tumor development and increasing survival on both substances independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Almaguer
- Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla 42183, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Almaguer-Vargas
- Plant Breeding Department, Horticulture Institute, Chapingo Autonomous University, Federal Highway Mexico-Texcoco km 38.5, Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Mexico
| | - Eva María Molina-Trinidad
- Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla 42183, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Becerril-Flores
- Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla 42183, Mexico
| | - Brenda Montejano
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital San José, Santiago de Querétaro 76180, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Santillan
- Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla 42183, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Hernández-Ceruelos
- Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla 42183, Mexico
| | - Ana Hilda Figueroa-Gutiérrez
- Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla 42183, Mexico
| | - Ethoan Montejano
- Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Biotechnology IPN, National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Acueducto, La Laguna Ticoman, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07340, Mexico;
| | - José Ramón Montejano-Rodríguez
- Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla 42183, Mexico
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8
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Siew-Keah L, Jie TH, Ang-Lim C, Bin LK, Yik-Ling C. An Update on Impacts of Epigallocatechin Gallate Co-administration in Modulating Pharmacokinetics of Statins, Calcium Channel Blockers, and Beta-blockers. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:1229-1235. [PMID: 37328148 DOI: 10.1055/a-2111-7319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Brewed green tea, green tea extract, and its primary active compound, epigallocatechin gallate, may interact with drugs and alter the drug's therapeutic effectiveness, ultimately leading to therapeutic failure or drug overdose. Several isolated reports have claimed that epigallocatechin gallate is the main active ingredient that causes these effects. While a few studies aimed to uncover evidence of epigallocatechin gallate-drug interactions, no study has thoroughly and collectively reviewed them. Epigallocatechin gallate is a potential cardioprotective agent used by many patients with cardiovascular diseases as a complementary medicine alongside conventional modern medications, either with or without the knowledge of their physicians. Therefore, this review focuses on the impact of concurrent epigallocatechin gallate supplementation on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of several commonly used cardiovascular drugs (statins, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers). The PubMed index was searched for key words related to this review, without year limit, and the results were analyzed for interactions of cardiovascular drugs with epigallocatechin gallate. This review concludes that epigallocatechin gallate increases systemic circulation of several statins (simvastatin, fluvastatin, rosuvastatin) and calcium channel blockers (verapamil), but decreases the bioavailability of beta-blockers (nadolol, atenolol, bisoprolol). Further studies on its clinical significance in affecting drug efficacy are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Siew-Keah
- M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Tan Hong Jie
- M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Chua Ang-Lim
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Liew Kai Bin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
| | - Chew Yik-Ling
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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9
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James A, Wang K, Wang Y. Therapeutic Activity of Green Tea Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on Metabolic Diseases and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases: The Current Updates. Nutrients 2023; 15:3022. [PMID: 37447347 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea polyphenols have numerous functions including antioxidation and modulation of various cellular proteins and are thus beneficial against metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, and their comorbidities. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant polyphenol in green tea and is attributed to antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities, and the likelihood of targeting multiple metabolic pathways. It has been shown to exhibit anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-arteriosclerotic, and weight-reducing effects in humans. Worldwide, the incidences of metabolic diseases have been escalating across all age groups in modern society. Therefore, EGCG is being increasingly investigated to address the problems. This review presents the current updates on the effects of EGCG on metabolic diseases, and highlights evidence related to its safety. Collectively, this review brings more evidence for therapeutic application and further studies on EGCG and its derivatives to alleviate metabolic diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armachius James
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), Makutupora Center, Dodoma P.O. Box 1676, Tanzania
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Rizhao Huawei Institute of Comprehensive Health Industries, Shandong Keepfit Biotech. Co., Ltd., Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Yousheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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10
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Hidalgo I, Ortiz-Flores M, Villarreal F, Fonseca-Coronado S, Ceballos G, Meaney E, Nájera N. Is it possible to treat nonalcoholic liver disease using a flavanol-based nutraceutical approach? Basic and clinical data. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 33:703-714. [PMID: 35119232 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by a spectrum of diseases, ranging from simple steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. The main factors for NAFLD are closely related to obesity, insulin resistance, intestinal microbiota alterations, hyperinsulinism, low-grade systemic inflammation, nitroxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Currently, the treatment of NAFLD is based on diet and exercise because, to date, there is no specific pharmacological agent, already approved, that raises the need for new therapeutic strategies. Nutraceuticals, such as polyphenols, have potential beneficial effects for health. In this article, the beneficial effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epicatechin (EC) are discussed. EGCG is the main catechin in green tea, which has shown in various studies its potential effect preventing and treating NAFLD since it has shown antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, antioxidant, and improvement of liver lipid metabolism. However, it has been found that excessive consumption may cause hepatotoxicity. EC is widely distributed in nature (fruits and vegetables). This flavanol has shown many beneficial effects, including antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, antithrombotic, and antifibrotic properties. It increases mitochondrial biogenesis, and it also has effects on the regulation of synthesis and metabolism of lipids. This flavanol is a nontoxic substance; it has been classified by the United States Food and Drug Administration as harmless. The EC-induced effects can be useful for the prevention and/or treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Hidalgo
- Unidad de Investigación Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Salud Publica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ortiz-Flores
- Laboratorio de investigación integral cardiometabólica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Mexico
| | | | - Salvador Fonseca-Coronado
- Unidad de Investigación Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Salud Publica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Ceballos
- Laboratorio de investigación integral cardiometabólica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Meaney
- Laboratorio de investigación integral cardiometabólica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Nayelli Nájera
- Laboratorio de investigación integral cardiometabólica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Mexico
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Llambrich S, González-Colom R, Wouters J, Roldán J, Salassa S, Wouters K, Van Bulck V, Sharpe J, Callaerts-Vegh Z, Vande Velde G, Martínez-Abadías N. Green Tea Catechins Modulate Skeletal Development with Effects Dependent on Dose, Time, and Structure in a down Syndrome Mouse Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194167. [PMID: 36235819 PMCID: PMC9572077 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered skeletal development in Down syndrome (DS) results in a brachycephalic skull, flattened face, shorter mandibular ramus, shorter limbs, and reduced bone mineral density (BMD). Our previous study showed that low doses of green tea extract enriched in epigallocatechin-3-gallate (GTE-EGCG), administered continuously from embryonic day 9 to postnatal day 29, reduced facial dysmorphologies in the Ts65Dn (TS) mouse model of DS, but high doses could exacerbate them. Here, we extended the analyses to other skeletal structures and systematically evaluated the effects of high and low doses of GTE-EGCG treatment over postnatal development in wild-type (WT) and TS mice using in vivo µCT and geometric morphometrics. TS mice developed shorter and wider faces, skulls, and mandibles, together with shorter and narrower humerus and scapula, and reduced BMD dynamically over time. Besides facial morphology, GTE-EGCG did not rescue any other skeletal phenotype in TS treated mice. In WT mice, GTE-EGCG significantly altered the shape of the skull and mandible, reduced the length and width of the long bones, and lowered the BMD. The disparate effects of GTE-EGCG depended on the dose, developmental timepoint, and anatomical structure analyzed, emphasizing the complex nature of DS and the need to further investigate the simultaneous effects of GTE-EGCG supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Llambrich
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rubèn González-Colom
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jens Wouters
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jorge Roldán
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Salassa
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kaat Wouters
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vicky Van Bulck
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - James Sharpe
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- EMBL Barcelona, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Greetje Vande Velde
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: (G.V.V.); (N.M.-A.); Tel.: +32-16330924 (G.V.V.); +34-934034564 (N.M.-A.)
| | - Neus Martínez-Abadías
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.V.V.); (N.M.-A.); Tel.: +32-16330924 (G.V.V.); +34-934034564 (N.M.-A.)
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12
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Sahebnasagh A, Eghbali S, Saghafi F, Sureda A, Avan R. Neurohormetic phytochemicals in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:36. [PMID: 35953850 PMCID: PMC9367062 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The world population is progressively ageing, assuming an enormous social and health challenge. As the world ages, neurodegenerative diseases are on the rise. Regarding the progressive nature of these diseases, none of the neurodegenerative diseases are curable at date, and the existing treatments can only help relieve the symptoms or slow the progression. Recently, hormesis has increased attention in the treatment of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The concept of hormesis refers to a biphasic dose-response phenomenon, where low levels of the drug or stress exert protective of beneficial effects and high doses deleterious or toxic effects. Neurohormesis, as the adaptive aspect of hormetic dose responses in neurons, has been shown to slow the onset of neurodegenerative diseases and reduce the damages caused by aging, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Hormesis was also observed to modulate anxiety, stress, pain, and the severity of seizure. Thus, neurohormesis can be considered as a potentially innovative approach in the treatment of neurodegenerative and other neurologic disorders. Herbal medicinal products and supplements are often considered health resources with many applications. The hormesis phenomenon in medicinal plants is valuable and several studies have shown that hormetic mechanisms of bioactive compounds can prevent or ameliorate the neurodegenerative pathogenesis in animal models of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Moreover, the hormesis activity of phytochemicals has been evaluated in other neurological disorders such as Autism and Huntington’s disease. In this review, the neurohormetic dose–response concept and the possible underlying neuroprotection mechanisms are discussed. Different neurohormetic phytochemicals used for the better management of neurodegenerative diseases, the rationale for using them, and the key findings of their studies are also reviewed.
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George J, Tsuchishima M, Tsutsumi M. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits osteopontin expression and prevents experimentally induced hepatic fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113111. [PMID: 35594711 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a matricellular cytokine and a stress-induced profibrogenic molecule that promotes activation of stellate cells during the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. We studied the protective effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to suppress oxidative stress, inhibit OPN expression, and prevent experimentally induced hepatic fibrosis. Liver injury was induced with intraperitoneal injections of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in a dose of 1 mg/100 g body weight on 3 consecutive days of a week for 28 days. A group of rats received 0.2 mg EGCG/100 g body weight orally everyday during the study. The animals were sacrificed on day 28th from the beginning of exposure. Serum levels of AST, ALT, OPN, malondialdehyde, collagen type IV, and hyaluronic acid were measured. Immunohistochemistry and/or real-time PCR were performed for α-SMA, 4-HNE, OPN, collagen type I, and type III. Serial administrations of NDMA produced well developed fibrosis and early cirrhosis in rat liver. Treatment with EGCG significantly reduced serum/plasma levels of AST, ALT, OPN, malondialdehyde, collagen type IV, and hyaluronic acid and prevented deposition of collagen fibers in the hepatic tissue. Protein and/or mRNA levels demonstrated marked decrease in the expression of α-SMA, 4-HNE, OPN, collagen type I, and type III. Treatment with EGCG prevented excessive generation of reactive oxygen species, suppressed oxidative stress, significantly reduced serum and hepatic OPN levels, and markedly attenuated hepatic fibrosis. The results indicated that EGCG could be used as a potent therapeutic agent to prevent hepatic fibrogenesis and related adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph George
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Mutsumi Tsuchishima
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Tsutsumi
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
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14
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Kirtonia A, Pandey AK, Ramachandran B, Mishra DP, Dawson DW, Sethi G, Ganesan TS, Koeffler HP, Garg M. Overexpression of laminin-5 gamma-2 promotes tumorigenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through EGFR/ERK1/2/AKT/mTOR cascade. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:362. [PMID: 35699794 PMCID: PMC11073089 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is correlated with poor outcomes because of limited therapeutic options. Laminin-5 gamma-2 (LAMC2) plays a critical role in key biological processes. However, the detailed molecular mechanism and potential roles of LAMC2 in PDAC stay unexplored. The present study examines the essential role and molecular mechanisms of LAMC2 in the tumorigenesis of PDAC. Here, we identified that LAMC2 is significantly upregulated in microarray cohorts and TCGA RNA sequencing data of PDAC patients compared to non-cancerous/normal tissues. Patients with higher transcript levels of LAMC2 were correlated with clinical stages; dismal overall, as well as, disease-free survival. Additionally, we confirmed significant upregulation of LAMC2 in a panel of PDAC cell lines and PDAC tumor specimens in contrast to normal pancreatic tissues and cells. Inhibition of LAMC2 significantly decreased cell growth, clonogenic ability, migration and invasion of PDAC cells, and tumor growth in the PDAC xenograft model. Mechanistically, silencing of LAMC2 suppressed expression of ZEB1, SNAIL, N-cadherin (CDH2), vimentin (VIM), and induced E-cadherin (CDH1) expression leading to a reversal of mesenchymal to an epithelial phenotype. Interestingly, co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated LAMC2 interaction with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Further, stable knockdown of LAMC2 inhibited phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK1/2, AKT, mTOR, and P70S6 kinase signaling cascade in PDAC cells. Altogether, our findings suggest that silencing of LAMC2 inhibited PDAC tumorigenesis and metastasis through repression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and modulation of EGFR/ERK1/2/AKT/mTOR axis and could be a potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic target for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Kirtonia
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Amit Kumar Pandey
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Manesar, Haryana, 122413, India
| | - Balaji Ramachandran
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Durga Prasad Mishra
- Cell Death Research Laboratory, Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
| | - David W Dawson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Trivadi S Ganesan
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 610016, India
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Cancer Science Institute (CSI) of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313, India.
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15
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Araldi GL, Hwang YW. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of polyphenol derivatives as DYRK1A inhibitors. The discovery of a potentially promising treatment for Multiple Sclerosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 64:128675. [PMID: 35292341 PMCID: PMC9067539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Green tea and its natural components are known for their usefulness against a variety of diseases. In particular, the activity of main catechin Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) against Dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation Regulated Kinase-1A (DYRK1A) has been reported; here we are showing a structure-activity relationship (SAR) for EGCG against this molecular target. We have studied the influence of all four rings on the activity and the nature of its absolute geometry. This work has led to the identification of the more potent and stable trans fluoro-catechin derivative 1f (IC50 = 35 nM). This molecule together with a novel delivery method showed good efficacy in vivo when tested in a validated model of multiple sclerosis (EAE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luca Araldi
- Avanti Biosciences, Inc. 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States.
| | - Yu-Wen Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, United States
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16
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Xu L, Ho CT, Liu Y, Wu Z, Zhang X. Potential Application of Tea Polyphenols to the Prevention of COVID-19 Infection: Based on the Gut-Lung Axis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:899842. [PMID: 35495940 PMCID: PMC9046984 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.899842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disrupts the intestinal micro-ecological balance, and patients often develop the intestinal disease. The gut is the largest immune organ in the human body; intestinal microbes can affect the immune function of the lungs through the gut-lung axis. It has been reported that tea polyphenols (TPs) have antiviral and prebiotic activity. In this review, we discussed TPs reduced lung-related diseases through gut-lung axis by inhibiting dysbiosis. In addition, we also highlighted the preventive and therapeutic effects of TPs on COVID-19 complications, further demonstrating the importance of research on TPs for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in humans. Based on this understanding, we recommend using TPs to regulate the gut microbiota to prevent or alleviate COVID-19 through the gut-lung axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Chi-Tang Ho
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Xin Zhang
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Esmaeelpanah E, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Green tea and metabolic syndrome: A 10-year research update review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1159-1172. [PMID: 35083002 PMCID: PMC8751745 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.52980.11943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has turned into a prevalent condition that has imposed a tremendous financial strain on public health care systems. It is believed that the MetS consists of four main factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and obesity) and may lead to cardiovascular events. Camellia sinesis, in the form of green tea (GT), is one of the most consuming beverages worldwide. Catechins are the dominant component of green tea leaves. Epigallocatechin gallate has the maximum potency. GT has been widely used as a supplement in various health conditions. As the oxidative stress pathway is one of the probable mechanisms of MetS etiologies and GT beneficial effects, GT may be a novel strategy to overcome the MetS. This review aims to reveal the probable pharmacological effects of GT on MetS. The last 10-year original articles on MetS parameters and GT have been gathered in this review. This manuscript has summarized the probable effects of green tea and its catechins on MetS and focused on each different aspect of MetS separately, which can be used as a basis for further investigations for introducing effective compounds as a way to interfere with MetS. It seems that GT can reduce MetS parameters commonly via anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative mechanisms. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm the use of GT and its constituents for the treatment of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Esmaeelpanah
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Mhatre S, Gurav N, Shah M, Patravale V. Entry-inhibitory role of catechins against SARS-CoV-2 and its UK variant. Comput Biol Med 2021; 135:104560. [PMID: 34147855 PMCID: PMC8189743 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global pandemic caused by a RNA virus capable of infecting humans and animals, has resulted in millions of deaths worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects the lungs, and the gastrointestinal tract to some extent. Rapid structural mutations have increased the virulence and infectivity of the virus drastically. One such mutated strain known as the UK variant has caused many deaths in the United Kingdom. HYPOTHESIS Among several indigenous natural ingredients used for prevention and cure of many diseases, the catechins have been reported for their antiviral activity, even against SARS-CoV-2. Characteristic mutations present on the spike protein have presented the newer strain its enhanced infectivity. The spike protein helps the virus bind to ACE2 receptor of the host cell and hence is a drug target. Catechins have been reported for their entry-inhibitory activity against several viruses. METHOD In this study, we performed molecular docking of different catechins with the wild and mutant variants of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. The stability of the best docked complexes was validated using molecular dynamics simulation. RESULTS The in-silico studies show that the catechins form favourable interactions with the spike protein and can potentially impair its function. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) showed the best binding among the catechins against both the strains. Both the protein-ligand complexes were stable throughout the simulation time frame. CONCLUSION The outcomes should encourage further exploration of the antiviral activity of EGCG against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmit Mhatre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai-19, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Nitisha Gurav
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Mansi Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai-19, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai-19, Maharashtra, India.
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Ramachandran B, Murhekar K, Sundersingh S. SERMs suppresses the growth of ERα positive cervical cancer xenografts through predominant inhibition of extra-nuclear ERα expression. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3335-3353. [PMID: 34249466 PMCID: PMC8263693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of estrogens and estrogen receptors (ER) in cervical cancer (CC) is not well established. However, epidemiological studies and abundant evidence from genetically engineered mouse models support such hypothesis. In this study, we have addressed estrogen responsiveness in a human CC cell line xenograft mouse model. We assessed the sensitivity of Ethynyl Estradiol (EE), SERMs (fulvestrant, MPP) and a non-SERM (EGCG) to competitively modulate the growth of ERα+ve MS751 CC xenografts. We also checked the agonistic-antagonistic propensity of the above treatments to alter the histology of ovariectomised mouse uterine cervix. Chronic EE treatment encouraged the growth of ERα+ve MS751 CC xenografts, while SERMs and EGCG significantly decreased tumor formation. SERMs were found to inhibit ERα expression, localized within cytoplasmic and membrane compartments. Conversely, ERα was not inducible and EE administration suppressed the growth of ERα-ve HeLa CC xenografts. SERMs competitively induced atrophic features to uterine cervix, with MPP giving rise to mucinous metaplasia in the ectocervix. We have demonstrated that, estrogen sensitivity mediated through ERα has promoted CC tumorigenesis. This in turn was modulated by SERMs, predominantly through inhibition of extra-nuclear ERα expression. Though, induction of hyper-estrogenic status in the ectocervix, might underrate the utility of SERMs in ERα+ve CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Ramachandran
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (W.I.A)No. 38, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Kanchan Murhekar
- Department of Oncopathology, Cancer Institute (W.I.A)No. 38, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Shirley Sundersingh
- Department of Oncopathology, Cancer Institute (W.I.A)No. 38, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, Chennai 600 036, India
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Zhou J, Yu Y, Ding L, Xu P, Wang Y. Matcha Green Tea Alleviates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice by Regulating Lipid Metabolism and Inflammatory Responses. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061950. [PMID: 34204055 PMCID: PMC8226714 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lately, matcha green tea has gained popularity as a beverage and food additive. It has proved to be effective in preventing obesity and related metabolic syndromes. However, the underlying mechanisms of its control effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are complicated and remain elusive. In the present study, we performed an in vivo experiment using male C57BL/6 mice fed with a high-fat diet and simultaneously treated with matcha for six weeks. Serum biochemical parameters, histological changes, lipid accumulation, inflammatory cytokines, and relevant indicators were examined. Dietary supplementation of matcha effectively prevented excessive accumulation of visceral and hepatic lipid, elevated blood glucose, dyslipidemia, abnormal liver function, and steatosis hepatitis. RNA sequencing analyses of differentially expressed genes in liver samples indicated that matcha treatment decreased the activity of lipid droplet-associated proteins and increased the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes, suggesting improved metabolic capacity and liver function. The current study provided evidence for new dietary strategies based on matcha supplementation to ameliorate lipotoxicity-induced obesity and NALFD.
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21
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Hussain Y, Luqman S, Meena A. Research Progress in Flavonoids as Potential Anticancer Drug Including Synergy with Other Approaches. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1791-1809. [PMID: 32357817 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200502005411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In chemotherapy for cancer, conventional drugs aim to target the rapidly growing and dividing cells at the early stages. However, at an advanced stage, cancer cells become less susceptible because of the multidrug resistance and the recruitment of alternative salvage pathways for their survival. Besides, owing to target non-selectivity, healthy proliferating cells also become vulnerable to the damage. The combination therapies offered using flavonoids to cure cancer not only exert an additive effect against cancer cells by targetting supplementary cell carnage pathways but also hampers the drug resistance mechanisms. Thus, the review aims to discuss the potential and pharmacokinetic limitations of flavonoids in cancer treatment. Further successful synergistic studies reported using flavonoids to treat cancer has been described along with potential drug delivery systems. METHODS A literature search was done by exploring various online databases like Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar with the specific keywords like "Anticancer drugs", "flavonoids", "oncology research", and "pharmacokinetics". RESULTS Dietary phytochemicals, mainly flavonoids, hinder cell signalling responsible for multidrug resistance and cancer progression, primarily targeting cancer cells sparing normal cells. Such properties establish flavonoids as a potential candidate for synergistic therapy. However, due to low absorption and high metabolism rates, the bioavailability of flavonoids becomes a challenge. Such challenges may be overcome using novel approaches like derivatization, and single or co-delivery nano-complexes of flavonoids with conventional drugs. These new approaches may improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of flavonoids. CONCLUSION This review highlights the application of flavonoids as a potential anticancer phytochemical class in combination with known anti-cancer drugs/nanoparticles. It also discusses flavonoid's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics issues and ways to overcome such issues. Moreover, it covers successful methodologies employed to establish flavonoids as a safe and effective phytochemical class for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Hussain
- Molecular Bioprospection Department of Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Molecular Bioprospection Department of Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abha Meena
- Molecular Bioprospection Department of Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Lee F, Bae KH, Ng S, Yamashita A, Kurisawa M. Hyaluronic acid-green tea catechin conjugates as a potential therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis. RSC Adv 2021; 11:14285-14294. [PMID: 35423998 PMCID: PMC8697692 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01491a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes are a key effector cell type involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. The major green tea catechin, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), has attracted significant interest for rheumatoid arthritis therapy because of its ability to suppress the proliferation and interleukin-6 secretion of synoviocytes. However, therapeutic efficacy of EGCG has been limited by a lack of target cell specificity. Herein we report hyaluronic acid-EGCG (HA-EGCG) conjugates as an anti-arthritic agent that is capable of targeting fibroblast-like synoviocytes via HA-CD44 interactions. These conjugates exhibited superior anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities compared with EGCG under simulated physiological conditions. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging revealed preferential accumulation of the conjugates at inflamed joints in a collagen-induced arthritis rat model, and their anti-arthritic efficacy was investigated by measuring a change in the edema and histopathological scores. Our findings suggest the potential of HA-EGCG conjugates as an anti-arthritic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lee
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos Singapore 138669 Singapore +65-6478-9083 +65-6824-7139
| | - Ki Hyun Bae
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos Singapore 138669 Singapore +65-6478-9083 +65-6824-7139
| | - Shengyong Ng
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos Singapore 138669 Singapore +65-6478-9083 +65-6824-7139
| | - Atsushi Yamashita
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos Singapore 138669 Singapore +65-6478-9083 +65-6824-7139
| | - Motoichi Kurisawa
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos Singapore 138669 Singapore +65-6478-9083 +65-6824-7139
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Natarajan A, Ramachandran B, Gopisetty G, Jayavelu S, Sundersingh S, Rajkumar T. Pioglitazone modulates doxorubicin resistance in a in vivo model of drug resistant osteosarcoma xenograft. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:361-371. [PMID: 33015747 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma has been reported with treatment failure in up to 40% of cases. Our laboratory had identified genes involved in the PPARγ pathway to be associated with doxorubicin (DOX) resistance. We hence used PPARγ agonist pioglitazone (PIO) to modulate DOX resistance. DOX-resistant cell line (143B-DOX) was developed by gradient exposure to DOX. The cytotoxicity to PIO and in combination with DOX was assayed in vitro, followed by HPLC to estimate the metabolites of PIO in the presence of microsomes (HLMs). Gene expression studies revealed the mechanism behind the cytotoxicity of PIO. Further, the effects were evaluated in mice bearing 143B-DOX tumors treated either with PIO (20 mg/kg/p.o or 40 mg/kg/p.o Q1D) alone or in combination with DOX (0.5 mg/kg/i.p Q2W). 143B-DOX was 50-fold resistant over parental cells. While PIO did not show any activity on its own, the addition of HLMs to the cells in culture showed over 80% cell kill within 24 h, possibly due to the metabolites of PIO as determined by HPLC. In combination with DOX, PIO had shown synergistic activity. Additionally, cytotoxicity assay in the presence of HLMs revealed that PIO on its own showed promising activity compared to its metabolites-hydroxy pioglitazone and keto pioglitazone. In vivo studies demonstrated that treatment with 40 mg/kg/p.o PIO alone showed significant activity, followed by a combination with DOX. Gene expression studies revealed that PIO could modulate drug resistance by downregulating MDR1 and IL8. Our study suggests that PIO can modulate DOX resistance in osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Natarajan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Balaji Ramachandran
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Gopal Gopisetty
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Subramani Jayavelu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, 600036, India
| | | | - Thangarajan Rajkumar
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, 600036, India.
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Shin SP, Hong HK, Jin CN, Sohn H, Choi KS, Lee J. Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate on Viability of Kudoa septempunctata. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2020; 58:593-597. [PMID: 33202514 PMCID: PMC7672230 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Kudoa septempunctata have been reported as a causative agent for acute transient gastrointestinal troubles after eating raw olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). It raised public health concerns and quarantine control in several countries. Quantitative evaluation on viability of K. septempunctata is crucial to develop effective chemotherapeutics against it. A cytometry using fluorescent stains was employed to assess effect of three compounds on viability of K. septempunctata. Epigallocatechin gallate reduced markedly viability of K. septempunctata at 0.5 mM or more, and damaged K. septempunctata spores by producing cracks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Phil Shin
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Korea
| | - Hyun Ki Hong
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK FOUR) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Korea
| | - Chang Nam Jin
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Korea
| | - Hanchang Sohn
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Choi
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK FOUR) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Korea
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Park JM, Shin Y, Kim SH, Jin M, Choi JJ. Dietary Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Alters the Gut Microbiota of Obese Diabetic db/db Mice: Lactobacillus Is a Putative Target. J Med Food 2020; 23:1033-1042. [PMID: 33054538 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.4700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity results in the progression of metabolic disorders, and especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the gut microbiota have been implicated in the development of T2DM. This study investigated the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on structural changes to the gut microbiota of obese diabetic db/db mice. db/db mice were subjected to a control and EGCG (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg) diet for 8 weeks. Glucose homeostasis and the structure and composition of the gut microbiota were measured. EGCG inhibited the increases in body weight and fasting blood glucose levels. Similarly, it resulted in remarkable improvements in glucose tolerance. Based on lipid profiles, EGCG decreased serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, and increased the high-density lipoprotein/LDL ratio. In addition, upon fecal microbiota analysis, this compound significantly increased the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio at the phylum level and increased Lactobacillus abundance at the genus level. Especially, its administration increased abundances of the Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus intestinalis, and Lactobacillus reuteri. We also found that EGCG increased Christensenellaceae abundance and decreased Enterobacteriaceae and Proteobacteria abundance at the family level. EGCG improves glucose homeostasis in diabetic mice. Its beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis are likely associated with alterations to the gut microbiota. Furthermore, the enrichment of probiotics (Lactobacillus) might be a potential mechanism underlying the effects of EGCG on glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Younmin Shin
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mirim Jin
- College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jeong June Choi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
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Chiu KC, Shih YH, Wang TH, Lan WC, Li PJ, Jhuang HS, Hsia SM, Shen YW, Yuan-Chien Chen M, Shieh TM. In vitro antimicrobial and antipro-inflammation potential of honokiol and magnolol against oral pathogens and macrophages. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 120:827-837. [PMID: 32978046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Honokiol and magnolol are natural components isolated from Magnolia bark that is used in traditional Chinese and Japanese herbal medicine. These two isomers are used as a component of dietary supplements and cosmetic products. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial effect of honokiol and magnolol on pathogens causing oral diseases, their mechanism of action in biofilm formation and drug resistance of oral pathogens, and inflammatory regulation in mammalian cells. METHODS We determined the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of honokiol and magnolol, and their stability at different temperatures and pH. We also evaluated their effect on biofilm formation, antibiotic-resistance gene expression in MRSA, and pro-inflammatory gene expression in mammalian cells. RESULTS Honokiol showed better antimicrobial activity than magnolol. Both honokiol and magnolol showed stable bacterial inhibitory activity over a wide range of temperature and pH, reduced biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance in oral pathogens. The biofilm formation- and antibiotic resistance-related gene expression was consistent with the respective phenotypes. Furthermore, these two isomers repressed the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence of the potential application of honokiol and magnolol in dental medicine to cure or prevent oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chou Chiu
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and Family Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hwa Shih
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tong-Hong Wang
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linko, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Lan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jung Li
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Syu Jhuang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Shen
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Yuan-Chien Chen
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Tzong-Ming Shieh
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dental Hygiene, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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García-Viñuales S, Ahmed R, Sciacca MFM, Lanza V, Giuffrida ML, Zimbone S, Romanucci V, Zarrelli A, Bongiorno C, Spinella N, Galati C, Di Fabio G, Melacini G, Milardi D. Trehalose Conjugates of Silybin as Prodrugs for Targeting Toxic Aβ Aggregates. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2566-2576. [PMID: 32687307 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is linked to the abnormal accumulation of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) aggregates in the brain. Silybin B, a natural compound extracted from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), has been shown to significantly inhibit Aβ aggregation in vitro and to exert neuroprotective properties in vivo. However, further explorations of silybin B's clinical potential are currently limited by three main factors: (a) poor solubility, (b) instability in blood serum, and (c) only partial knowledge of silybin's mechanism of action. Here, we address these three limitations. We demonstrate that conjugation of a trehalose moiety to silybin significantly increases both water solubility and stability in blood serum without significantly compromising its antiaggregation properties. Furthermore, using a combination of biophysical techniques with different spatial resolution, that is, TEM, ThT fluorescence, CD, and NMR spectroscopy, we profile the interactions of the trehalose conjugate with both Aβ monomers and oligomers and evidence that silybin may shield the "toxic" surfaces formed by the N-terminal and central hydrophobic regions of Aβ. Finally, comparative analysis with silybin A, a less active diastereoisomer of silybin B, revealed how even subtle differences in chemical structure may entail different effects on amyloid inhibition. The resulting insight on the mechanism of action of silybins as aggregation inhibitors is anticipated to facilitate the future investigation of silybin's therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara García-Viñuales
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Rashik Ahmed
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology & Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Michele F. M. Sciacca
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Lanza
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Giuffrida
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Zimbone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Romanucci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Armando Zarrelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Corrado Bongiorno
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, National Research Council, Stradale Primosole 50, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Clelia Galati
- STMicroelectronics, Stradale Primosole 50, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Fabio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Melacini
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology & Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Danilo Milardi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
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Prooxidant Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate in Health Benefits and Potential Adverse Effect. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9723686. [PMID: 32850004 PMCID: PMC7441425 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9723686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the major polyphenolic compound present in green tea and is generally regarded as an effective antioxidant. However, its chemical reactivity makes it susceptible to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) via autooxidation and exhibit prooxidant effects. The prooxidant actions of EGCG could play a dual role, being both beneficial and harmful. This review summarized recent research progress on (1) the anticancer, antiobesity, and antibacterial effects of EGCG and (2) the possible toxicity of EGCG. The major focus is on the involvement of prooxidant effects of EGCG and their effective doses used. Considering dosage is a crucial factor in the prooxidant effects of EGCG; further studies are required to find the appropriate dose at which EGCG could bring more health benefits with lower toxicity.
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Rahman SU, Huang Y, Zhu L, Chu X, Junejo SA, Zhang Y, Khan IM, Li Y, Feng S, Wu J, Wang X. Tea polyphenols attenuate liver inflammation by modulating obesity-related genes and down-regulating COX-2 and iNOS expression in high fat-fed dogs. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:234. [PMID: 32641048 PMCID: PMC7346471 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tea polyphenols (TPs) attenuate obesity related liver inflammation; however, the anti-obesity effects and anti-inflammatory mechanisms are not clearly understood. This study aimed to determine whether the anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory TPs mechanisms associated with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression levels, and obesity-related gene response in dogs. Results Dogs fed TPs displayed significantly decreased (p < 0.01) mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) compared to dogs that consumed high-fat diet (HFD) alone. TPs significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited COX-2 and iNOS expression level, and decreased liver fat content and degeneration. Conclusion These results suggested that TPs act as a therapeutic agent for obesity, liver inflammation, and fat degeneration via COX-2 and iNOS inhibition, with TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Ur Rahman
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shahid Ahmed Junejo
- School of Tea and Food Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Ibrar Muhammad Khan
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shibin Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jinjie Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xichun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Goodlett CR, Stringer M, LaCombe J, Patel R, Wallace JM, Roper RJ. Evaluation of the therapeutic potential of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) via oral gavage in young adult Down syndrome mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10426. [PMID: 32591597 PMCID: PMC7319987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a candidate therapeutic for Down syndrome (DS) phenotypes based on in vitro inhibition of DYRK1A, a triplicated gene product of Trisomy 21 (Ts21). Consumption of green tea extracts containing EGCG improved some cognitive and behavioral outcomes in DS mouse models and in humans with Ts21. In contrast, treatment with pure EGCG in DS mouse models did not improve neurobehavioral phenotypes. This study tested the hypothesis that 200 mg/kg/day of pure EGCG, given via oral gavage, would improve neurobehavioral and skeletal phenotypes in the Ts65Dn DS mouse model. Serum EGCG levels post-gavage were significantly higher in trisomic mice than in euploid mice. Daily EGCG gavage treatments over three weeks resulted in growth deficits in both euploid and trisomic mice. Compared to vehicle treatment, EGCG did not significantly improve behavioral performance of Ts65Dn mice in the multivariate concentric square field, balance beam, or Morris water maze tasks, but reduced swimming speed. Furthermore, EGCG resulted in reduced cortical bone structure and strength in Ts65Dn mice. These outcomes failed to support the therapeutic potential of EGCG, and the deleterious effects on growth and skeletal phenotypes underscore the need for caution in high-dose EGCG supplements as an intervention in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Goodlett
- IUPUI Department of Psychology, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-3275, USA
| | - Megan Stringer
- IUPUI Department of Psychology, 402 North Blackford Street, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-3275, USA
| | - Jonathan LaCombe
- IUPUI Department of Biology, 723 West Michigan Street; SL 306, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-3275, USA
| | - Roshni Patel
- IUPUI Department of Biology, 723 West Michigan Street; SL 306, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-3275, USA
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- IUPUI Department of Biomedical Engineering, 723 West Michigan Street; SL 220B, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-3275, USA
| | - Randall J Roper
- IUPUI Department of Biology, 723 West Michigan Street; SL 306, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-3275, USA.
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Sharma A, Vaghasiya K, Ray E, Gupta P, Gupta UD, Singh AK, Verma RK. Targeted Pulmonary Delivery of the Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin Gallate Controls the Growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Enhancing the Autophagy and Suppressing Bacterial Burden. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4126-4140. [PMID: 33463343 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Growing rates of tuberculosis (TB) superbugs are alarming, which has hampered the progress made to-date to control this infectious disease, and new drug candidates are few. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenolic compound from green tea extract, shows powerful efficacy against TB bacteria in in vitro studies. However, the therapeutic efficacy of the molecule is limited due to poor pharmacokinetics and low bioavailability following oral administration. Aiming to improve the treatment outcomes of EGCG therapy, we investigated whether encapsulation and pulmonary delivery of the molecule would allow the direct targeting of the site of infection without compromising the activity. Microencapsulation of EGCG was realized by scalable spray-freeze-drying (SFD) technology, forming free-flowing micrometer-sized microspheres (epigallocatechin-3-gallate-loaded trehalose microspheres, EGCG-t-MS) of trehalose sugar. These porous microspheres exhibited appropriate aerodynamic parameters and high encapsulation efficiencies. In vitro studies demonstrated that EGCG-t-MS exhibited dose- and time-dependent killing of TB bacteria inside mouse macrophages by cellular mechanisms of lysosome acidification and autophagy induction. In a preclinical study on TB-infected Balb/c mice model (4 weeks of infection), we demonstrate that the microencapsulated EGCG, administered 5 days/week for 6 weeks by pulmonary delivery, showed exceptional efficacy compared to oral treatment of free drug. This treatment approach exhibited therapeutic outcomes by resolution of inflammation in the infected lungs and significant reduction (P < 0.05) in bacterial burden (up to ∼2.54 Log10 CFU) compared to untreated control and orally treated mice groups. No pathological granulomas, lesions, and inflammation were observed in the histopathological investigation, compared to untreated controls. The encouraging results of the study may pave the avenues for future use of EGCG in TB therapeutics by targeted pulmonary delivery and lead to its translational success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sharma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Kalpesh Vaghasiya
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Eupa Ray
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Pushpa Gupta
- National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Tajganj, Agra-282001, India
| | - Umesh Datta Gupta
- National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Tajganj, Agra-282001, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Tajganj, Agra-282001, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Verma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab-160062, India
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Rivera-Pérez J, Martínez-Rosas M, Conde-Castañón CA, Toscano-Garibay JD, Ruiz-Pérez NJ, Flores PL, Mera Jiménez E, Flores-Estrada J. Epigallocatechin 3-Gallate Has a Neuroprotective Effect in Retinas of Rabbits with Ischemia/Reperfusion through the Activation of Nrf2/HO-1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103716. [PMID: 32466215 PMCID: PMC7279438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (rI/R) generates an oxidative condition causing the death of neuronal cells. Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Nonetheless, its correlation with the pathway of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) for the protection of the retina is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective efficacy of single-doses of EGCG in rI/R and its association with Nrf2/Ho-1 expression. In albino rabbits, rI/R was induced and single-doses of EGCG in saline (0–30 mg/kg) were intravenously administered to select an optimal EGCG concentration that protects from retina damage. To reach this goal, retinal structural changes, gliosis by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining, and lipid peroxidation level by TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) assay were determined. EGCG in a dose of 15 mg/kg (E15) presented the lowest levels of histological damage, gliosis, and oxidative stress in the studied groups. To determine the neuroprotective efficacy of E15 in a timeline (6, 24, and 48 h after rI/R), and its association with the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, the following assays were done by immunofluorescence: apoptosis (TUNEL assay), necrosis (high-mobility group box-1; HMGB1), Nrf2, and HO-1. In addition, the Ho-1 mRNA (qPCR) and lipid peroxidation levels were evaluated. E15 showed a protective effect during the first 6 h, compared to 24 and 48 h after rI/R, as revealed by a decrease in the levels of all damage markers. Nuclear translocation Nrf2 and HO-1 staining were increased, including Ho-1 mRNA levels. In conclusion, a single dose of E15 decreases the death of neuronal cells induced by oxidative stress during the first 6 h after rI/R. This protective effect is associated with the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and with an elevation of Ho-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Rivera-Pérez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, CP 76230 Querétaro, Mexico;
| | - Martín Martínez-Rosas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección 16, Tlalpan, CP 14080 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico;
| | - César A. Conde-Castañón
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Paseo de las Jacarandas S/N, La Raza, Azcapotzalco, CP 02990 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico;
| | - Julia D. Toscano-Garibay
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de Mexico, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Magdalena de las Salinas, Gustavo A. Madero, CP 07760 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico; (J.D.T.-G.); (N.J.R.-P.)
| | - Nancy J. Ruiz-Pérez
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de Mexico, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Magdalena de las Salinas, Gustavo A. Madero, CP 07760 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico; (J.D.T.-G.); (N.J.R.-P.)
| | - Pedro L. Flores
- Departamento de Instrumentación Electromecánica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección 16, Tlalpan, CP 14080 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico;
| | - Elvia Mera Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Cultivo Celular, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomas, Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11340 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico;
| | - Javier Flores-Estrada
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de Mexico, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Magdalena de las Salinas, Gustavo A. Madero, CP 07760 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico; (J.D.T.-G.); (N.J.R.-P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5747-7560
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Trovò L, Fuchs C, De Rosa R, Barbiero I, Tramarin M, Ciani E, Rusconi L, Kilstrup-Nielsen C. The green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) restores CDKL5-dependent synaptic defects in vitro and in vivo. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 138:104791. [PMID: 32032735 PMCID: PMC7152796 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a rare X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterised by early-onset seizures, intellectual disability, gross motor impairment, and autistic-like features. CDD is caused by mutations in the cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) gene that encodes a serine/threonine kinase with a predominant expression in the brain. Loss of CDKL5 causes neurodevelopmental alterations in vitro and in vivo, including defective dendritic arborisation and spine maturation, which most likely underlie the cognitive defects and autistic features present in humans and mice. Here, we show that treatment with epigallatocathechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol of green tea, can restore defects in dendritic and synaptic development of primary Cdkl5 knockout (KO) neurons. Furthermore, defective synaptic maturation in the hippocampi and cortices of adult Cdkl5-KO mice can be rescued through the intraperitoneal administration of EGCG, which is however not sufficient to normalise behavioural CDKL5-dependent deficits. EGCG is a pleiotropic compound with numerous cellular targets, including the dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) that is selectively inhibited by EGCG. DYRK1A controls dendritic development and spine formation and its deregulation has been implicated in neurodevelopmental and degenerative diseases. Treatment with another DYRK1A inhibitor, harmine, was capable of correcting neuronal CDKL5-dependent defects; moreover, DYRK1A levels were upregulated in primary Cdkl5-KO neurons in concomitance with increased phosphorylation of Tau, a well-accepted DYRK1A substrate. Altogether, our results indicate that DYRK1A deregulation may contribute, at least in part, to the neurodevelopmental alterations caused by CDKL5 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Trovò
- Center of Neuroscience, Dept. Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - C Fuchs
- Dept. Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Center of Neuroscience, Dept. Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - R De Rosa
- Center of Neuroscience, Dept. Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - I Barbiero
- Center of Neuroscience, Dept. Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - M Tramarin
- Center of Neuroscience, Dept. Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - E Ciani
- Dept. Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Rusconi
- Center of Neuroscience, Dept. Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - C Kilstrup-Nielsen
- Center of Neuroscience, Dept. Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
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Bulboaca AE, Boarescu PM, Porfire AS, Dogaru G, Barbalata C, Valeanu M, Munteanu C, Râjnoveanu RM, Nicula CA, Stanescu IC. The Effect of Nano-Epigallocatechin-Gallate on Oxidative Stress and Matrix Metalloproteinases in Experimental Diabetes Mellitus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020172. [PMID: 32093214 PMCID: PMC7070619 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The antioxidant properties of epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG), a green tea compound, have been already studied in various diseases. Improving the bioavailability of EGCG by nanoformulation may contribute to a more effective treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) metabolic consequences and vascular complications. The aim of this study was to test the comparative effect of liposomal EGCG with EGCG solution in experimental DM induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. Method: 28 Wistar-Bratislava rats were randomly divided into four groups (7 animals/group): group 1—control group, with intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 1 mL saline solution (C); group 2—STZ administration by i.p. route (60 mg/100 g body weight, bw) (STZ); group 3—STZ administration as before + i.p. administration of EGCG solution (EGCG), 2.5 mg/100 g b.w. as pretreatment; group 4—STZ administration as before + i.p. administration of liposomal EGCG, 2.5 mg/100 g b.w. (L-EGCG). The comparative effects of EGCG and L-EGCG were studied on: (i) oxidative stress parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), indirect nitric oxide (NOx) synthesis, and total oxidative status (TOS); (ii) antioxidant status assessed by total antioxidant capacity of plasma (TAC), thiols, and catalase; (iii) matrix-metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and -9 (MMP-9). Results: L-EGCG has a better efficiency regarding the improvement of oxidative stress parameters (highly statistically significant with p-values < 0.001 for MDA, NOx, and TOS) and for antioxidant capacity of plasma (highly significant p < 0.001 for thiols and significant for catalase and TAC with p < 0.05). MMP-2 and -9 were also significantly reduced in the L-EGCG-treated group compared with the EGCG group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: the liposomal nanoformulation of EGCG may serve as an adjuvant therapy in DM due to its unique modulatory effect on oxidative stress/antioxidant biomarkers and MMP-2 and -9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Elena Bulboaca
- Department of Pathophysiology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş Street, no. 2-4, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Paul-Mihai Boarescu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş Street, no. 2-4, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (P.-M.B.); (A.S.P.); (G.D.); Tel.: +40-752-921-725 (P.-M.B.); +40-264-595-770 (A.S.P.); +40-724-231-022 (G.D.)
| | - Alina Silvia Porfire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş Street, no. 41, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (P.-M.B.); (A.S.P.); (G.D.); Tel.: +40-752-921-725 (P.-M.B.); +40-264-595-770 (A.S.P.); +40-724-231-022 (G.D.)
| | - Gabriela Dogaru
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Viilor Street, no. 46-50, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (P.-M.B.); (A.S.P.); (G.D.); Tel.: +40-752-921-725 (P.-M.B.); +40-264-595-770 (A.S.P.); +40-724-231-022 (G.D.)
| | - Cristina Barbalata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş Street, no. 41, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Madalina Valeanu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street, no. 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Constantin Munteanu
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, “BagdasarArseni” Emergency Clinical Hospital Bucharest, Berceni Street, no. 12, 041915 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ruxandra Mioara Râjnoveanu
- Department of Pneumology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, B.P. Hasdeu Street, no. 6, 400371 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Ariadna Nicula
- Department of Ophthalmology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Clinicilor Street, no. 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Cristina Stanescu
- Department of Neurology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş Street, no. 43, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Bommu UD, Konidala KK, Pabbaraju N, Yeguvapalli S. QSAR modeling, pharmacophore-based virtual screening, and ensemble docking insights into predicting potential epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) analogs against epidermal growth factor receptor. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2019; 39:18-27. [DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2018.1564151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Uma Devi Bommu
- Department of Zoology, Division of Cancer Informatics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Kranthi Kumar Konidala
- Department of Zoology, Division of Molecular Physiology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Neeraja Pabbaraju
- Department of Zoology, Division of Molecular Physiology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Suneetha Yeguvapalli
- Department of Zoology, Division of Cancer Informatics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
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Liu C, Li P, Qu Z, Xiong W, Liu A, Zhang S. Advances in the Antagonism of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate in the Treatment of Digestive Tract Tumors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091726. [PMID: 31058847 PMCID: PMC6539113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to changes in the dietary structure of individuals, the incidence of digestive tract tumors has increased significantly in recent years, causing a serious threat to the life and health of patients. This has in turn led to an increase in cancer prevention research. Many studies have shown that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an active ingredient in green tea, is in direct contact with the digestive tract upon ingestion, which allows it to elicit a significant antagonizing effect on digestive tract tumors. The main results of EGCG treatment include the prevention of tumor development in the digestive tract and the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. EGCG can be orally administered, is safe, and combats other resistances. The synergistic use of cancer drugs can promote the efficacy and reduce the anti-allergic properties of drugs, and is thus, favored in medical research. EGCG, however, currently possesses several shortcomings such as poor stability and low bioavailability, and its clinical application prospects need further development. In this paper, we have systematically summarized the research progress on the ability of EGCG to antagonize the activity and mechanism of action of digestive tract tumors, to achieve prevention, alleviation, delay, and even treat human gastrointestinal tract tumors via exogenous dietary EGCG supplementation or the development of new drugs containing EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Penghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Zhihao Qu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Wei Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Ailing Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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Hassan E, Kahilo K, Kamal T, Hassan M, Saleh Elgawish M. The protective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on testicular oxidative stress in lead-induced toxicity mediated by Cyp19 gene / estradiol level. Toxicology 2019; 422:76-83. [PMID: 31054310 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to heavy metals contributes to most of the unexplained male infertility. Lead (Pb) is a well- known heavy metal, which disrupt the male reproductive system. This study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic and protective effects of green tea active principle, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), on the lead toxicity-induced infertility in male rats. Male albino rats receiving lead acetate (PbAc, 50 mg/l) once a daily in drinking water showed reduction of spermatozoa count and motility, diminishing the weights of testes, seminal vesicle and epididymis, low level of serum testosterone and 17β-estradiol (E2), and degenerative changes in seminiferous tubules. Additionally, the Pb exposure caused a testicular oxidative stress with a decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) enzymes, a remarkable rising in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as a downregulation in P450 aromatase gene expression (Cyp19) in the rats' testicular tissues. These adverse effects of Pb were ameliorated by EGCG treatment, which increased testosterone, E2 serum level, and aromatase P450 gene expression, and improved testicular architecture and semen picture. Additionally, EGCG decreased the tissue levels of MDA and retained the levels of antioxidative enzymes. In conclusion, EGCG administration can provide a significant protection against testicular toxicity caused by pb, indicating the beneficial roles of EGCG on the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Eldakahliya, Egypt.
| | - Khaled Kahilo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Tarek Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Marwa Hassan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Saleh Elgawish
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Effects of pomegranate aril juice and its punicalagin on some key regulators of insulin resistance and oxidative liver injury in streptozotocin-nicotinamide type 2 diabetic rats. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3701-3711. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04813-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Suganya M, Gnanamangai BM, Ravindran B, Chang SW, Selvaraj A, Govindasamy C, Elsadek MF, Ponmurugan P. Antitumor effect of proanthocyanidin induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cells and its molecular docking studies. BMC Chem 2019; 13:21. [PMID: 31384770 PMCID: PMC6661762 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidin (PAC) is a promising compound that has displayed its potent antineoplastic properties with a specific intrinsic pathway. This precise us to explore the phyto-preventive effect of PAC against colon cancer (HT-29). The results showed that PAC inhibited the cell growth and GI50 value was found to be 6.25 μM for 24 h exposure, when correlated to the normal cell line does not have toxicity was noticed. The linguistic differences, similarly membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage fragmented nuclear bodies and mitochondrial membrane were observed in AO/EtBr and DAPI staining. The features of regular mechanical apoptotic characterization was analyzed by DNA fragmentation. The cell cycle arrest at G2/M phases was detected using FACS analysis. The early and late apoptotic cells were observed by using Annexin V/PI staining. The ligand-protein interaction and docking studies were performed using Schrodinger's software. The QPLD analysis of docking studies revealed that PAC exhibited better binding affinity of - 5.23, - 5.17 and - 4.43, - 4.47 kcal/mol against BCL-XL, CDK2 and were compared with 5-FU respectively, which significantly reveals the anticancerous activity of Proanthocyanidin compound. Thus, the PAC compound provides future application of therapeutic option in the treatment of colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Suganya
- 1Department of Biotechnology, K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu 637215 India
| | | | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- 2Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, 16227 South Korea
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- 2Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, 16227 South Korea
| | - Arokiyaraj Selvaraj
- 3Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chandramohan Govindasamy
- 4Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Farouk Elsadek
- 4Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ponnusamy Ponmurugan
- 5Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 046 India
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Chu KO, Chan KP, Chan SO, Ng TK, Jhanji V, Wang CC, Pang CP. Metabolomics of Green-Tea Catechins on Vascular-Endothelial-Growth-Factor-Stimulated Human-Endothelial-Cell Survival. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12866-12875. [PMID: 30406651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Neovascularization causes serious oculopathy related to upregulation of vascular-endothelial-growth factor (VEGF) causing new capillary growth via endothelial cells. Green-tea-extract (GTE) constituents possess antiangiogenesis properties. We used VEGF to induce human umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and applied GTE, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and mixtures of different compositions of purified catechins (M1 and M2) to evaluate their efficacies of inhibition and their underlying mechanisms using cell-cycle analysis and untargeted metabolomics techniques. GTE, EGCG, M1, and M2 induced HUVEC apoptosis by 22.1 ± 2, 20.0 ± 0.7, 50.7 ± 8.5, and 69.8 ± 4.1%, respectively. GTE exerted a broad, balanced metabolomics spectrum, involving suppression of the biosynthesis of cellular building blocks and oxidative-phosphorylation metabolites as well as promotion of the biosynthesis of membrane lipids and growth factors. M2 mainly induced mechanisms associated with energy and biosynthesis suppression. Therefore, GTE exerted mechanisms involving both promotion and suppression activities, whereas purified catechins induced extensive apoptosis. GTE could be a more promising antineovascularization remedy for ocular treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai On Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital , Kowloon , Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
| | - Kwok Ping Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital , Kowloon , Hong Kong
| | - Sun On Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital , Kowloon , Hong Kong
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital , Kowloon , Hong Kong
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital , Kowloon , Hong Kong
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He J, Xu L, Yang L, Wang X. Epigallocatechin Gallate Is the Most Effective Catechin Against Antioxidant Stress via Hydrogen Peroxide and Radical Scavenging Activity. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:8198-8206. [PMID: 30428482 PMCID: PMC6247744 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hydrogen peroxide-induced neuronal oxidative stress is a serious threat to the nervous system. Catechins and related compounds are effective radical scavengers that protect against nerve cell damage. Material/Methods Here, we investigated the antioxidant property of various catechins in protecting against hydrogen peroxide, as well as their radical-scavenging activity. Result We found that catechins treatment effectively protected HT22 cells against H2O2-induced cell viability by decreasing and attenuating reactive oxidative species production in different proportions. In addition, all tested catechins performed radical scavenging activity, and partially removed the free radicals. Among all investigated catechins, epigallocatechin gallate was the most effective against ROS production and had the strongest radical-scavenging activity. These results suggest that beneficial effects were strongly related with structure of catechins, mainly because of the hydroxyl and galloyl groups. Conclusions In conclusion, epigallocatechin gallate is the most effective antioxidant polyphenol against hydrogen peroxide and radical-scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinting He
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Le Yang
- People's Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
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Paradoxical cardiotoxicity of intraperitoneally-injected epigallocatechin gallate preparation in diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7880. [PMID: 29777127 PMCID: PMC5959847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous clinical and bioavailability studies addressed epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) beneficial effects; however, our previous work revealed EGCG-induced nephrotoxicity in the presence of diabetes. In this study, the potential myocardial toxicity of EGCG preparation (100 mg/kg/day, IP; 4 days) in diabetic mice injected with streptozotocin (STZ; 150 mg/kg, IP) was investigated. Diabetic mice receiving EGCG preparation showed electrocardiographic changes in addition to elevation of both serum creatine kinase-MB and troponin-I levels accompanied by microscopic myocardial damage. Additionally, myocardial NADPH oxidase, lipid peroxides and nitrotyrosine were increased in the vicinity of decreases of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, hemeoxygenase-1, reduced glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase and reductase and heat shock protein 90. Moreover, in diabetic mice, EGCG preparation increased myocardial nuclear factor-kappa B and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in addition to pronounced overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and active caspase-3. Therefore, this study substantiates that EGCG-mediated deterioration compromises diabetes-induced cardiotoxicity to solidify our previous report for its potential nephrotoxicity in the same experimental setting.
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Hu J, Webster D, Cao J, Shao A. The safety of green tea and green tea extract consumption in adults - Results of a systematic review. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 95:412-433. [PMID: 29580974 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review of published toxicology and human intervention studies was performed to characterize potential hazards associated with consumption of green tea and its preparations. A review of toxicological evidence from laboratory studies revealed the liver as the target organ and hepatotoxicity as the critical effect, which was strongly associated with certain dosing conditions (e.g. bolus dose via gavage, fasting), and positively correlated with total catechin and epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) content. A review of adverse event (AE) data from 159 human intervention studies yielded findings consistent with toxicological evidence in that a limited range of concentrated, catechin-rich green tea preparations resulted in hepatic AEs in a dose-dependent manner when ingested in large bolus doses, but not when consumed as brewed tea or extracts in beverages or as part of food. Toxico- and pharmacokinetic evidence further suggests internal dose of catechins is a key determinant in the occurrence and severity of hepatotoxicity. A safe intake level of 338 mg EGCG/day for adults was derived from toxicological and human safety data for tea preparations ingested as a solid bolus dose. An Observed Safe Level (OSL) of 704 mg EGCG/day might be considered for tea preparations in beverage form based on human AE data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Hu
- Worldwide Scientific Affairs, Herbalife Nutrition, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
| | - Donna Webster
- Product Science, Herbalife Nutrition, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
| | - Joyce Cao
- Global Post Market Safety Surveillance, Herbalife Nutrition, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
| | - Andrew Shao
- Independent Consultant, Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90505, USA.
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Ciebiera M, Łukaszuk K, Męczekalski B, Ciebiera M, Wojtyła C, Słabuszewska-Jóźwiak A, Jakiel G. Alternative Oral Agents in Prophylaxis and Therapy of Uterine Fibroids-An Up-to-Date Review. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122586. [PMID: 29194370 PMCID: PMC5751189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common tumors of the female genital tract. The effect of UFs on the quality of life and the overall cost of treatment are significant issues worldwide. Tumor size and location are the two specific factors which influence the occurrence of symptoms, the need for, and method of, treatment (some tumors require surgery while some can be treated with selected drugs). Primary prevention and treatment of early UF disease are worthy goals that might have a great impact on health care systems. Several treatments and prophylactic methods can be used in this endeavor. This publication presents current data about lesser-known substances which may have a beneficial effect on the treatment or prophylaxis of UFs and can be administered orally, serving as an alternative to (or complement of) surgery or selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs). Early prevention and treatment of UFs in women from high-risk groups should be our priority. Innovative forms of UF management are under intensive investigation and may be promising options in the near future. Many of them evaluated vitamin D, paricalcitol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), elagolix, aromatase inhibitors (AIs), and cabergoline and deemed them to be safe and effective. The next step in such projects should be properly constructed randomized control trials (RCTs), carried out by successive phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Ciebiera
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Łukaszuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland.
- INVICTA Fertility and Reproductive Center, 80-172 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Błażej Męczekalski
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-513 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Ciebiera
- Students' Scientific Association at the I Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Cezary Wojtyła
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aneta Słabuszewska-Jóźwiak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Jakiel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland.
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Effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on systemic inflammation-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged rats. J Anesth 2017; 31:726-735. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-017-2392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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