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Huang XF, Xue Y, Liang J, Yong L. Development of a Non-Target Screening and Quantitative Analysis Strategy Based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and UPLC-QQQ/MS to Improve the Quality Control of Wuling Capsule. Molecules 2024; 29:2598. [PMID: 38893474 PMCID: PMC11173814 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicine has been widely valued because of its remarkable efficacy and minimal side effects. The quantitative analysis of herbal medicines is essential to ensure their safety and efficacy. The simultaneous detection of multiple quality markers (Q-markers) has emerged as an important approach and trend in herbal medicine quality control. In recent years, non-targeted screening has become an effective strategy for the discovery and identification of unknown compounds. This study developed a non-targeted screening and quantitative analysis strategy to discover, identify and quantify the multiple components that truly represent the efficacy of Wuling capsule. Within this strategy, 18 types of flavonoids were tentatively discovered and identified from Wuling capsule by analyzing mass cleavage pathways, the precise molecular weights of compounds, and comparing the data with a database. Ten types of flavonoids were determined after the comparison of the standards. Additionally, following the evaluation of the regression equation, linear range, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), precision, repeatability, and recovery of the proposed quantitative method, six flavonoids were quantified. This method successfully screened, identified, and quantified the potential active components in Wuling capsule, providing insights for improving the quality control standards in other herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Huang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.-F.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Ying Xue
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Jian Liang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.-F.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Li Yong
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China;
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Bland GD, Abrahamsson D, Wang M, Zlatnik MG, Morello-Frosch R, Park JS, Sirota M, Woodruff TJ. Exploring applications of non-targeted analysis in the characterization of the prenatal exposome. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169458. [PMID: 38142008 PMCID: PMC10947484 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Capturing the breadth of chemical exposures in utero is critical in understanding their long-term health effects for mother and child. We explored methodological adaptations in a Non-Targeted Analysis (NTA) pipeline and evaluated the effects on chemical annotation and discovery for maternal and infant exposure. We focus on lesser-known/underreported chemicals in maternal and umbilical cord serum analyzed with liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF/MS). The samples were collected from a demographically diverse cohort of 296 maternal-cord pairs (n = 592) recruited in San Francisco Bay area. We developed and evaluated two data processing pipelines, primarily differing by detection frequency cut-off, to extract chemical features from non-targeted analysis (NTA). We annotated the detected chemical features by matching with EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (n = 860,000 chemicals) and Human Metabolome Database (n = 3140 chemicals) and applied a Kendrick Mass Defect filter to detect homologous series. We collected fragmentation spectra (MS/MS) on a subset of serum samples and matched to an experimental MS/MS database within the MS-Dial website and other experimental MS/MS spectra collected from standards in our lab. We annotated ~72 % of the features (total features = 32,197, levels 1-4). We confirmed 22 compounds with analytical standards, tentatively identified 88 compounds with MS/MS spectra, and annotated 4862 exogenous chemicals with an in-house developed annotation algorithm. We detected 36 chemicals that appear to not have been previously reported in human blood and 9 chemicals that were reported in less than five studies. Our findings underline the importance of NTA in the discovery of lesser-known/unreported chemicals important to characterize human exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garret D Bland
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Dimitri Abrahamsson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Marya G Zlatnik
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rachel Morello-Frosch
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - June-Soo Park
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco 94158, CA, United States
| | - Tracey J Woodruff
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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Schreiner T, Eggerstorfer NM, Morlock GE. Towards non-target proactive food safety: identification of active compounds in convenience tomato products by ten-dimensional hyphenation with integrated simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:715-731. [PMID: 36988684 PMCID: PMC10766732 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Current strategies for non-target food screening focus mainly on known hazardous chemicals (adulterants, residues, contaminants, packaging migrants, etc.) instead of bioactive constituents in general and exclude the biological effect detection. To widen the perspective, a more proactive non-target effect-directed strategy is introduced to complement food safety in order to detect not only known but also unknown bioactive compounds. The developed 10-dimensional hyphenation included on-surface digestion (1D), planar chromatographic separation (2D), visualization using white light (3D), UV light (4D), fluorescence light (5D), effect-directed assay analysis (6D), heart-cut zone elution to an orthogonal reversed phase column chromatography including online desalting (7D) with subsequent diode array detection (8D), high-resolution mass spectrometry (9D), and fragmentation (10D). Metabolism, i.e., intestinal digestion of each sample, was simulated and integrated on the same adsorbent surface to study any changes in the compound profiles. As proof of principle, nine convenience tomato products and a freshly prepared tomato soup were screened via five different planar assays in a non-targeted mode. Non-digested and digested samples were compared side by side. In their effect-directed profiles, 14 bioactive compounds from classes of lipids, plant hormones, spices, and pesticides were identified. In particular, bioactive compounds coming from the lipid class were increased by gastrointestinal digestion, while spices and pesticides remained unaffected. With regard to food safety, the determination of the two dinitrophenol herbicides dinoterb and dinoseb in highly processed tomato products should be given special attention. The hyphenation covered a broad analyte spectrum and showed robust and reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Schreiner
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Naila M Eggerstorfer
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gertrud E Morlock
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Seo HJ, Na TW, Lee SH, Kim HJ, Hong S, Cho H. Target and non-target analytical method for potential hazardous substances in livestock and pet hair using liquid- and gas chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464170. [PMID: 37390765 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Extraction using acetonitrile and water and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC and GC-QTOF/MS) techniques were used to screen for potential hazardous substances in livestock and pet hair. In addition, LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS techniques were used for verification of the analytical method and quantitative analysis of pesticides, veterinary drugs, mycotoxins and antioxidants in hair. Optimized sample preparation involves extracting 0.05 g of sample with 0.6 mL of ACN and 0.4 mL of distilled water. In addition, the two layers were separated by adding 0.1 g of NaCl. Then, both the ACN and water layers were analyzed by LC-TOF/MS, and the ACN layer was analyzed by GC-TOF/MS. Most of the matrix effects of livestock and pet hair were less than 50%, but some matrices and components showed high results, so matrix matching correction was applied for more precise quantification. Method validation was performed for 394 constituents (293 pesticides, 93 veterinary drugs, 6 mycotoxins and 2 preservatives) in dog, cat, cow and pig hair and chicken and duck feathers. All components showed good linearity (r2 ≥0.98) in the developed assay. The quantification limit of all compounds was set at 0.02 mg/kg, which is the lowest level that satisfies the recovery rate standard. The recovery experiment was repeated 8 times at 3 concentrations. Most of the components were extracted with the ACN layer, and the recovery rate was 63.35-119.98%. In order to confirm the efficiency of extracting harmful substances from actual samples, 30 hairs of livestock and pets were screened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Ju Seo
- Experiment Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea.
| | - Tae Woong Na
- Experiment Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea.
| | - Seung Hwa Lee
- Experiment Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea.
| | - Ho Jin Kim
- Experiment Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea.
| | - Sunghie Hong
- Experiment Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea.
| | - Hyunjeong Cho
- Experiment Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea.
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Zang W, Sharma R, Li MWH, Fan X. Retention Time Trajectory Matching for Peak Identification in Chromatographic Analysis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6029. [PMID: 37447878 DOI: 10.3390/s23136029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Retention time drift caused by fluctuations in physical factors such as temperature ramping rate and carrier gas flow rate is ubiquitous in chromatographic measurements. Proper peak matching and identification across different chromatograms is critical prior to any subsequent analysis but is challenging without using mass spectrometry. The purpose of this work was to describe and validate a peak matching and identification method called retention time trajectory (RTT) matching that can be used in targeted analyses free of mass spectrometry. This method uses chromatographic retention times as the only input and identifies peaks associated with any subset of a predefined set of target compounds. An RTT is a two-dimensional (2D) curve formed uniquely by the retention times of the chromatographic peaks. The RTTs obtained from the chromatogram of a sample under test and those pre-installed in a library are matched and statistically compared. The best matched pair implies identification. Unlike most existing peak-alignment methods, no mathematical warping or transformation is involved. Based on the experimentally characterized RTT, an RTT hybridization method was also developed to rapidly generate more RTTs and expand the library without performing actual time-consuming chromatographic measurements, which enables successful peak matching even for chromatograms with severe retention time drifts. Additionally, 3.15 × 105 tests using experimentally obtained gas chromatograms and 2 × 1012 tests using two publicly available fruit metabolomics datasets validated the proposed method, demonstrating real-time peak/interferent identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Zang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maxwell Wei-Hao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xudong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Li H, Gong W, Lv W, Wang Y, Dong W, Lu A. Target and suspect screening of pesticide residues in soil samples from peach orchards using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 253:114664. [PMID: 36807059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural soil contamination by pesticide residues has become a serious issue of increasing concern due to their high persistence and toxicity to non-target species. However, as the world's largest peach producer, national scale surveys on pesticide residues in peach orchard soils are scarce in China. In this study, a target and suspect screening method covering over 200 pesticides commonly used in peach orchards was developed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in MSE. An identification strategy using different data processing parameters was developed to identify the pesticide occurrence in soil. The method was applied to soil samples from typical peach orchards in 12 regions across China. The present work also discusses in detail the frequency of occurrence, concentration of pesticides, spatial distribution of multiresidues, and relationship between pesticide occurrence and soil properties. In the tested soil samples, 21 herbicides (level 1), 31 fungicides (level 2a), 24 insecticides (level 2a), and 3 growth regulators (level 2a) were identified. The total concentrations of quantifiable herbicides in the soil samples ranged from 1.05 to 327 ng/g. Only in 5.4% of the soil samples, no pesticide residues were present. By contrast, more than 86% of the total contained multiple residues. This study represents the first large-scale survey of pesticides in soil from peach orchards and provides comprehensive and accurate information on the pesticide residue status for risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Li
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Wenwen Gong
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Wenxiao Lv
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Youran Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Wentao Dong
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Anxiang Lu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
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Mardal M, Dalsgaard PW, Rasmussen BS, Linnet K, Mollerup CB. Scalable Analysis of Untargeted LC-HRMS Data by Means of SQL Database Archiving. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4592-4596. [PMID: 36802528 PMCID: PMC10018448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) is widely used to detect chemicals with a broad range of physiochemical properties in complex biological samples. However, the current data analysis strategies are not sufficiently scalable because of data complexity and amplitude. In this article, we report a novel data analysis strategy for HRMS data founded on structured query language database archiving. A database called ScreenDB was populated with parsed untargeted LC-HRMS data after peak deconvolution from forensic drug screening data. The data were acquired using the same analytical method over 8 years. ScreenDB currently holds data from around 40,000 data files, including forensic cases and quality control samples that can be readily sliced and diced across data layers. Long-term monitoring of system performance, retrospective data analysis for new targets, and identification of alternative analytical targets for poorly ionized analytes are examples of ScreenDB applications. These examples demonstrate that ScreenDB makes a significant improvement to forensic services and that the concept has potential for broad applications for all large-scale biomonitoring projects that rely on untargeted LC-HRMS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Mardal
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's vej 11, Ø Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pharmacy, The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Petur W Dalsgaard
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's vej 11, Ø Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brian S Rasmussen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's vej 11, Ø Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Linnet
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's vej 11, Ø Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian B Mollerup
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's vej 11, Ø Copenhagen, Denmark
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Yang Y, Yang L, Zheng M, Cao D, Liu G. Data acquisition methods for non-targeted screening in environmental analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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9
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Hashimoto S, Takazawa Y, Ieda T, Omagari R, Nakajima D, Nakamura S, Suzuki N. Application of rapid air sampling and non-targeted analysis using thermal desorption comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry to accidental fire. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135021. [PMID: 35598787 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To be able to gauge the health risks and biological effects of e-waste fires, it is of key importance to know what types and amounts of chemicals are released when they occur. In this case study, we pumped 6-24 L of air from an accidental fire at a recycling depot through a Tenax-TA tube and conducted comprehensive (non-targeted) analysis by thermal desorption/comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD/GC × GC/ToFMS). A special focus was placed on the search for halogenated compounds. More than 5000 components were detected in the atmosphere around the fire; however, component separation was insufficient, even when using GC × GC. The number of organohalogen compounds retrieved was increased about 1.8-fold by the refinement process of the exact mass spectrum using mass defect filtering (MDF) software. After processed by MDF, 386 peaks were concluded to be halogenated compounds. The major retrieved substances included chlorinated (or chlorinated-brominated) dioxins, chlorinated (or brominated) phenols, benzene, and various other halogenated aromatic compounds. Direct comparison of mass spectra was carried out to investigate the potential for qualitative and quantitative comparison of detected peaks without specific identification. The approximate quantitative values are summarized for each compound in the estimated substance group. Their ratios were estimated to be halogenated phenols: 13%, benzenes: 9.6%, dibenzo-p-dioxins: 9.6%, dibenzofurans: 8.4%, biphenyls; 7.4% and toluenes: 6.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teruyo Ieda
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
| | - Ryo Omagari
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Nakamura
- Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Japan
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Guo Q, Yang Y, Zhang J. Rapid screening for 315 drugs in food and biological matrices by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry and its application to a specific incident. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozhen Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention No. 16 Hepingli Middle Street Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention No. 16 Hepingli Middle Street Beijing P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention No. 16 Hepingli Middle Street Beijing P. R. China
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Hajeb P, Zhu L, Bossi R, Vorkamp K. Sample preparation techniques for suspect and non-target screening of emerging contaminants. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132306. [PMID: 34826946 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The progress in sensitivity and resolution in mass spectrometers in recent years provides the possibility to detect a broad range of organic compounds in a single procedure. For this reason, suspect and non-target screening techniques are gaining attention since they enable the detection of hundreds of known and unknown emerging contaminants in various matrices of environmental, food and human sources. Sample preparation is a critical step before analysis as it can significantly affect selectivity, sensitivity and reproducibility. The lack of generic sample preparation protocols is obvious in this fast-growing analytical field, and most studies use those of traditional targeted analysis methods. Among them, solvent extraction and solid phase extraction (SPE) are widely used to extract emerging contaminants from solid and liquid sample types, respectively. Sequential solvent extraction and a combination of different SPE sorbents can cover a broad range of chemicals in the samples. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and adsorption chromatography, including acidification, are typically used to remove matrix components such as lipids from complex matrices, but usually at the expense of compound losses. Ideally, the purification of samples intended for non-target analysis should be selective of matrix interferences. Recent studies have suggested quality assurance/quality control measures for suspect and non-target screening, based on expansion and extrapolation of target compound lists, but method validations remain challenging in the absence of analytical standards and harmonized sample preparation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Hajeb
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Linyan Zhu
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rossana Bossi
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Katrin Vorkamp
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark.
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Alternative method’s results for the non targeted determination of xenobiotics in food by means of high resolution and accuracy mass spectrometry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD CONTAMINATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40550-021-00086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe application of a high resolution and accurate mass spectrometry (HRAMS) approach to detect xenobiotics in different food matrices by means of non targeted determination by UHPLC-Orbitrap followed by data processing analysis was described. Three case studies were reported to demonstrate the possibility to identify unexpected substances in different food commodities overcomes targeted method. This innovative approach could lay the foundation for its applicability to routine analysis in the near future giving the possibility to open new horizons to the research of a wide range of xenobiotics.
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13
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Schreiner T, Morlock GE. Non-target bioanalytical eight-dimensional hyphenation including bioassay, heart-cut trapping, online desalting, orthogonal separations and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1647:462154. [PMID: 33957351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It is still a challenge to discover and identify individual bioactive compounds directly in multicomponent mixtures. Current workflows are too tedious for routine use. Hence, the hyphenation of separation and detection techniques is a powerful tool to maximize the information obtained by a single sample run. A robust eight-dimensional (8D) hyphenation was developed. Orthogonal separations, biological assay detection, analyte trapping, desalting, and physico-chemical detections were arranged in the following order, i.e. 1) normal phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (NP-HPTLC) separation, 2) Vis detection, 3) UV detection, 4) fluorescence detection (FLD), 5) bioassay for effect-directed analysis (EDA), 6) heart-cut trapping/desalting/elution to reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) separation, 7) photodiode array (PDA) and 8) mass spectrometry (MS) detection. For the first time, the hyphenation exploited online analyte trapping to desalt the eluted bioactive zone from the plate containing highly salted bioassay media. Subsequent valve switching guided the trapped analyte(s) to the main column, followed by multiple detection. As proof-of-principle, cinnamon samples were analyzed by NP-HPTLC-UV/Vis/FLD-EDA-RP-HPLC-PDA-MS, whereby a bioactive zone was separated into two distinct peaks detected by PDA and MS to be 2-methoxy cinnamaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde. The developed 8D hyphenation is applicable for routine, allowing the non-target high-throughput screening of complex samples for individual bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Schreiner
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gertrud E Morlock
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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14
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Gornischeff A, Kruve A, Rebane R. Characterization of wines with liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: Quantification of amino acids via ionization efficiency values. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1620:461012. [PMID: 32276856 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of analysis results for the suspect and non-targeted screening is essential for obtaining meaningful insight from the measurements. Ionization efficiency predictions is a possible approach to enable quantitation without standard substances. This is, however, especially challenging for the analysis carried out by combining the full scan mode either with fragmentation experiments in data-dependent or data-independent acquisition mode. Here we investigate the correlation of ionization efficiency values measured in full scan mode with the response factors measured in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode for derivatized amino acids. We observe good correlation (R2 of 0.80) for 6-Aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) derivatized amino acids. This encourages the use of the measured ionization efficiency values to estimate amino acid concentrations in different beverages. We apply the measured ionization efficiency values for estimating the concentration of amino acids for measurements done both in full scan as well as in MRM mode in wines and beers. We show that the calculated concentrations are in very good correlation with measured values (R2 of 0.71 to 1.00). The method possesses average trueness of 70.5% and shows an insignificant matrix effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Gornischeff
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anneli Kruve
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Riin Rebane
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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15
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von Eyken A, Ramachandran S, Bayen S. Suspected-target screening for the assessment of plastic-related chemicals in honey. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Valand R, Tanna S, Lawson G, Bengtström L. A review of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy used in food adulteration and authenticity investigations. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 37:19-38. [PMID: 31613710 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1675909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for food and the globalisation of the supply chain have resulted in a rise in food fraud, and recent high profile cases, such as the Chinese milk scandal in 2008 and the EU horsemeat scandal in 2013 have emphasised the vulnerability of the food supply system to adulteration and authenticity frauds. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is routinely used in cases of suspected food fraud as it offers a rapid, easy and reliable detection method for these investigations. In this review, we first present a brief summary of the concepts of food adulteration and authenticity as well as a discussion of the current legislation regarding these crimes. Thereafter, we give an extensive overview of FTIR as an analytical technique and the different foods where FTIR analysis has been employed for food fraud investigations as well as the subsequent multivariate data analyses that have been applied successfully to investigate the case of adulteration or authenticity. Finally, we give a critical discussion of the applications and limitations of FTIR, either as a standalone technique or incorporated in a test battery, in the fight against food fraud.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Valand
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences. De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Sangeeta Tanna
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences. De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Graham Lawson
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences. De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Linda Bengtström
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences. De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
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17
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Martínez-Morcillo S, Pérez-López M, Míguez MP, Valcárcel Y, Soler F. Comparative study of esterase activities in different tissues of marine fish species Trachurus trachurus, Merluccius merluccius and Trisopterus luscus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 679:12-22. [PMID: 31078771 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are one of the most frequently anthropogenic xenobiotics detected in water. Among these, the organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are very widely used in agriculture due to their broad spectrum of activity and their low price, but they also have high potent effects as neurotoxic compounds in non-target organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate biomarkers acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), propionylcholinesterase (PChE) and carboxylesterase (CbE) in the representative Atlantic fish species Trachurus trachurus, Merluccius merluccius and Trisopterus luscus from "Rías Gallegas", a traditional Spanish fishing area. These esterase activities were evaluated in the brain, muscle and liver to determine the most adequate tissue to measure such enzymatic activities. The sensitivity of AChE and CbE activities from different tissues the widely used organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos (CP), and its toxic metabolite (CP-oxon) was also tested. AChE activity was predominant in all tissues of the analysed species (particularly in brain constituting from 78.33%, 89.83% and 88.43% of total ChEs in Trachurus trachurus, Merluccius merluccius and Trisopterus luscus, respectively). Under in vitro exposure, esterases were shown to be highly sensitive to CP and especially to CP-oxon. Moreover, a similar effect observed on AChE and CbE activities could suggest that CbE activity might contribute efficiently against the toxic effects of CP, especially in muscle and the liver. The presence of BChE, PChE and upper CbE activities in muscle and the liver and their OP-sensibilities can be used to study their function in the pesticide biochemical detoxification pathways with a prominent role as a safeguarding mechanism against pesticide toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Martínez-Morcillo
- Toxicology Unit, Veterinary School, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain.
| | - M Pérez-López
- Toxicology Unit, Veterinary School, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - M P Míguez
- Toxicology Unit, Veterinary School, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Y Valcárcel
- Group in Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment (TAyER), Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Soler
- Toxicology Unit, Veterinary School, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
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18
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Luo Z, Li X, Wang L, Chang C, Fu Q. Development of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS Coupled with Cation-exchange Solid-phase Extraction Method for the Determination of Ten Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Herbal Medicines. ANAL SCI 2019; 35:1317-1325. [PMID: 31406026 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are secondary metabolites of plants and can cause significant hepatotoxicity in humans. In this study, a fast and simple method was developed to determine ten pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in six types of herbal medicines using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). An efficient solid-phase extraction procedure was carried out by using strong cation-exchange cartridges and the parameters were optimized. The established analytical method was validated and the results showed that the method presented satisfactory accuracy and precision. The established method was successfully applied for the determination of PAs in six herbal plants, including Senecionis Scandentis Hebra, Arnebiae Radix, Asteris Radix Et Rhizoma, Farfarae Flos, Senecionis Cannabifolii Herba and Emilia sonchifolia. PAs were found in all of these herbal plant samples. Eight types of related commercial herbal drugs were also detected, six of them were detected with different amounts of PAs. This work not only provided a powerful technical platform for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of PAs in herbal medicines, but also obtained information concerning PAs in these herbal samples, which could provide reference to the government regulatory authorities and non-governmental organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Xuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Chun Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University
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19
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Song NE, Kim DB, Lim TG, Lee YY, Yoo M, Nam TG. Determining pesticide residues in wheat flour by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry with QuEChERS extraction. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:1337-1347. [PMID: 31251696 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1628356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are used to increase crop yields and preserve quality by protecting crops against pests; however, their overuse can adversely affect human health and the environment. Herein, we report the development of a multi-pesticide screening method using optimized QuEChERS coupled with liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometry for the analysis of 13 pesticides in wheat flour. Mass accuracies with errors of less than 2.4 ppm were obtained for all analysed pesticides, and the method provided satisfactory recovery and linearity. Repeatabilities of 0.3-12.7% and reproducibilities of 2.5-15.2% were observed in full-scan TOF mode. The performance of the developed full-scan TOF method was compared to that obtained in high-resolution multiple reaction monitoring (MRM-HR) mode. The limits of quantification for the full-scan TOF and MRM-HR modes ranged from 2 to 10, and 3 to 9 μg kg-1, respectively. The two quantification methods exhibited high sensitivities (limit of detections: 1-3 μg kg-1 in full-scan TOF, and 1-3 μg kg-1 for MRM-HR mode). No pesticide residues were detected when the developed method was applied to 22 real wheat flour samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nho-Eul Song
- Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju , Republic of Korea
| | - Dan-Bi Kim
- Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Lim
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju , Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Yeol Lee
- Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju , Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoung Yoo
- Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Nam
- Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju , Republic of Korea
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20
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Li J, Teng X, Wang W, Zhang Z, Fan C. Determination of multiple pesticide residues in teas by gas chromatography with accurate time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1990-2002. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxun Li
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Beijing P. R. China
- Agricultural Processing InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Teng
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Beijing P. R. China
| | | | - Zijuan Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Beijing P. R. China
| | - Chunlin Fan
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Beijing P. R. China
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21
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von Eyken A, Bayen S. Optimization of the Data Treatment Steps of a Non-targeted LC-MS-Based Workflow for the Identification of Trace Chemical Residues in Honey. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:765-777. [PMID: 30877654 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Non-targeted screening (e.g., suspected-target) is emerging as an attractive tool to investigate the occurrence of contaminants in food. The sample preparation and instrument analysis steps are known to influence the identification of analytes with non-targeted workflows, especially for complex matrices. However, for methods based on mass spectrometry, the impact of the post-analysis data treatment (e.g., feature extraction) on the capacity to correctly identify a contaminant at trace level is currently not well understood. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of seven post-analysis data treatment parameters on the non-targeted identification of trace contaminants in honey using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS). Seven compounds reported as veterinary drugs for honeybees were applied as model compounds. Among the parameters studied, the expansion window for chromatogram extraction and the average scans included in the spectra influenced significantly the identification process results. The optimized data treatment was applied to the non-targeted screening of veterinary drugs, pesticides, and other contaminants in 55 honey samples as a proof of concept. Among the 43 compounds included in a library of honey-related compounds that was used for screening, eight compounds were tentatively identified in at least one honey sample. The tentative identity of two of these compounds (tylosin A and hydroxymethylfurfural) was further confirmed with analytical standards. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie von Eyken
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bayen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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22
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Shao B, Li H, Shen J, Wu Y. Nontargeted Detection Methods for Food Safety and Integrity. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2019; 10:429-455. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nontargeted workflows for chemical hazard analyses are highly desirable in the food safety and integrity fields to ensure human health. Two different analytical strategies, nontargeted metabolomics and chemical database filtering, can be used to screen unknown contaminants in food matrices. Sufficient mass and chromatographic resolutions are necessary for the detection of compounds and subsequent componentization and interpretation of candidate ions. Analytical chemistry–based technologies, including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE-MS), combined with chemometrics analysis are being used to generate molecular formulas of compounds of interest. The construction of a chemical database plays a crucial role in nontargeted detection. This review provides an overview of the current sample preparation, analytical chemistry–based techniques, and data analysis as well as the limitations and challenges of nontargeted detection methods for analyzing complex food matrices. Improvements in sample preparation and analytical platforms may enhance the relevance of food authenticity, quality, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Shao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
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23
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Copper-dependent hydrolysis of trichloronate by turkey serum studied with use of new analytical procedure based on application of chiral chromatography and UV/Vis spectrophotometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1105:203-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Bargańska Ż, Konieczka P, Namieśnik J. Comparison of Two Methods for the Determination of Selected Pesticides in Honey and Honeybee Samples. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102582. [PMID: 30304845 PMCID: PMC6222677 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Developed and validated analytical methods for the determination of a wide spectrum of pesticide residues in honey and honeybee samples after the modification of QuEChERS extraction in combination with gas chromatography–tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography–tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were discussed and compared. The developed methods were evaluated regarding the utilized equipment and reagents using Eco-Scale and compared in terms of extraction time, accuracy, precision, sensitivity and versatility, with similar procedures. The results proved that the QuEChERS protocol in combination with LC and GC techniques fulfills the requirements of green analytical chemistry, so it can be used as a tool in environmental monitoring. The recovery was 85–116% for honey and 85.5–103.5% for honeybee samples. The developed methods were successfully applied in monitoring real samples collected from three districts of Pomerania in Poland. Analysis of real samples revealed the presence of the following pesticides: bifenthrin, fenpyroximate, methidathione, spinosad, thiamethoxam, triazophos, metconazole and cypermethrin at levels higher than the MRLs established by the EU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Żaneta Bargańska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), Narutowicza 11/12 street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Piotr Konieczka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), Narutowicza 11/12 street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), Narutowicza 11/12 street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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25
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Pieke EN, Smedsgaard J, Granby K. Exploring the chemistry of complex samples by tentative identification and semiquantification: A food contact material case. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:323-335. [PMID: 29218811 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In fields such as food safety and environmental chemistry, ensuring safety is greatly challenged by large numbers of unknown substances occurring. Even with current state-of-the-art mass spectrometers, dealing with nonidentified substances is a very laborious process as it includes structure elucidation of a vast number of unknowns, of which only a fraction may be relevant. Here, we present an exploration and prioritization approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry. The method uses algorithm-based precursor/product-ion correlations on quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry data to retrieve the most likely chemical match from a structure database. In addition, time-of-flight-only data are used to estimate analyte concentration via semiquantification. The method is demonstrated in recycled paper food contact material. Here, 585 chromatographic peaks were discovered, of which 117 were unique to the sample and could be tentatively elucidated via accurate mass, isotopic pattern, and precursor/product-ion correlations. Nearly 85% of these 117 peaks were matched with database entries, which provided varying certainty of information about the analyte structure. Semiquantitative concentration ranges of investigated compounds were between 0.7 and 1600 μg dm-2 . With these data, a subgroup of chemicals was risk-categorized and prioritized by using the most likely candidate structure(s) obtained. Prioritization based on expected health impact was possible by using the tentatively assigned data. Overall, the described method not only is a valuable chemical exploration tool for nonidentified substances but may also be used as a preliminary prioritization tool for substances expected to have the highest health impact, for example, in food contact materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eelco N Pieke
- National Food Institute, Research Group for Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Jørn Smedsgaard
- National Food Institute, Research Group for Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Kit Granby
- National Food Institute, Research Group for Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
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26
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Fu Y, Zhao C, Lu X, Xu G. Nontargeted screening of chemical contaminants and illegal additives in food based on liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Yang X, Luo J, Duan Y, Li S, Liu C. Simultaneous analysis of multiple pesticide residues in minor fruits by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/hybrid quadrupole time-of-fight mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2017; 241:188-198. [PMID: 28958518 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/hybrid quadrupole time-of-fight mass spectrometry (UPLC/QTOF-MS) method for the simultaneous identification and quantification of 50 multi-class pesticides in minor fruits is reported. The method consists of a sample extraction step, followed by analysis of the pesticides by UPLC/QTOF-MS. Satisfactory chromatographic separation was achieved over a 20min runtime. The pesticides were identified by the accurate mass measurements of the protonated molecules ([M+H]+) and their main fragment ions, isotopic pattern analysis and retention time matching. The mass accuracy obtained was below 2ppm error for all the pesticides analysed. The method was validated by spiking starfruit with the 50 analytes. Satisfactory results regarding sensitivity and linearity were obtained. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of 87 real-world starfruit and Indian jujube samples, demonstrating its applicability for the routine analysis of multiple pesticide residues in minor tropical fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Yang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Agricultural Products Quality and Security, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou 571101, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Jinhui Luo
- Analytical and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Agricultural Products Quality and Security, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou 571101, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yun Duan
- Analytical and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Shuhuai Li
- Analytical and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Agricultural Products Quality and Security, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Analytical and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Agricultural Products Quality and Security, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou 571101, China
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28
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Eysseric E, Barry K, Beaudry F, Houde M, Gagnon C, Segura PA. Application of Spectral Accuracy to Improve the Identification of Organic Compounds in Environmental Analysis. Anal Chem 2017; 89:9805-9813. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Eysseric
- Department
of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Killian Barry
- Department
of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Francis Beaudry
- Groupe
de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animal du Québec (GREPAQ), Department
of Veterinary Biomedicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Magali Houde
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, Quebec H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Christian Gagnon
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, Quebec H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Pedro A. Segura
- Department
of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
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29
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Regueiro J, Negreira N, Hannisdal R, Berntssen MH. Targeted approach for qualitative screening of pesticides in salmon feed by liquid chromatography coupled to traveling-wave ion mobility/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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30
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Montes R, Aguirre J, Vidal X, Rodil R, Cela R, Quintana JB. Screening for Polar Chemicals in Water by Trifunctional Mixed-Mode Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:6250-6259. [PMID: 28457136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of persistent and mobile organic contaminants (PMOC) in aquatic environments is a matter of high concern due to their capability of crossing through natural and anthropogenic barriers, even reaching drinking water. Most analytical methods rely on reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), which is quite limited for the detection of very polar chemicals. Thus, many of these PMOCs may have not been recognized as water pollutants yet, due to the lack of analytical methods capable to detect them. Mixed-mode LC (MMLC), providing the combination of RP and ion-exchange functionalities is explored in this work with a trifunctional column, combining RPLC, anion and cation exchange, which allows the simultaneous determination of analytes with extremely different properties. A nondiscriminant sample concentration step followed by a MMLC-high resolution mass spectrometry method was developed for a group of 37 very polar model chemicals with different acid/base functionalities. The overall method performance was satisfactory with a mean limit of detection of 50 ng/L, relative standard deviation lower than 20% and overall recoveries (including matrix effects) higher than 60% for 54% of model compounds. Then, the method was applied to 15 real water samples, by a suspect screening approach. For those detected PMOC with standard available, a preliminary estimation of concentrations was also performed. Thus, 22 compounds were unequivocally identified in a range of expected concentrations from 6 ng/L to 540 μg/L. Some of them are well-known PMOC, such as acesulfame, perfluorobutanoic acid or metformin, but other novel pollutants were also identified, as for example di-o-tolylguanidine or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, which had not or were scarcely studied in water so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Montes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IIAA - Institute of Food Analysis and Research, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela . Constantino Candeira S/N, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Josu Aguirre
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IIAA - Institute of Food Analysis and Research, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela . Constantino Candeira S/N, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xandro Vidal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IIAA - Institute of Food Analysis and Research, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela . Constantino Candeira S/N, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosario Rodil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IIAA - Institute of Food Analysis and Research, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela . Constantino Candeira S/N, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafael Cela
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IIAA - Institute of Food Analysis and Research, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela . Constantino Candeira S/N, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Benito Quintana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IIAA - Institute of Food Analysis and Research, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela . Constantino Candeira S/N, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Regueiro J, Negreira N, Berntssen MHG. Ion-Mobility-Derived Collision Cross Section as an Additional Identification Point for Multiresidue Screening of Pesticides in Fish Feed. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11169-11177. [PMID: 27779869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry allows for the measurement of the collision cross section (CCS), which provides information about the shape of an ionic molecule in the gas phase. Although the hyphenation of traveling-wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) with high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOFMS) has been mainly used for structural elucidation purposes, its potential for fast screening of small molecules in complex samples has not yet been thoroughly evaluated. The current work explores the capabilities of ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to a new design TWIMS-QTOFMS for the screening and identification of a large set of pesticides in complex salmon feed matrices. A database containing TWIMS-derived CCS values for more than 200 pesticides is hereby presented. CCS measurements showed high intra- and interday repeatability (RSD < 1%), and they were not affected by the complexity of the investigated matrices (ΔCCS ≤ 1.8%). The use of TWIMS in combination with QTOFMS was demonstrated to provide an extra-dimension, which resulted in increased peak capacity and selectivity in real samples. Thus, many false-positive detections could be straightforwardly discarded just by applying a maximum ΔCCS tolerance of ±2%. CCS was proposed as a valuable additional identification point in the pesticides screening workflow. Several commercial fish feed samples were finally analyzed to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach. Ethoxyquin and pirimiphos-methyl were identified in most of the analyzed samples, whereas tebuconazole and piperonil butoxide were identified for the first time in fish feed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Regueiro
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Noelia Negreira
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Marc H G Berntssen
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
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Wu L, Li L, Wang M, Shan C, Cui X, Wang J, Ding N, Yu D, Tang Y. Target and non-target identification of chemical components in Lamiophlomis rotata by liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry using a three-step protocol. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:2145-2154. [PMID: 27470976 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE As a herbal plant used in traditional Chinese medicine, Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo mainly displays its pharmacological effect by promoting blood circulation and hemostasis, dispelling wind, and acting as an analgesic. To identify the components contained in L. rotata, global detection and structural elucidation of both target and non-target components in the medicinal material was performed. METHODS L. rotata was ultrasonically extracted with methanol. Separation and analysis were achieved using liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/QTOF-MS). A three-step protocol which included (1) potential components screening, (2) collection of qualitative information, and (3) database searching and structural elucidation was used for target and non-target identification. RESULTS A total of 42 components were tentatively identified, which included 12 iridoids (2 aglycones and 10 glucosides), 11 flavonoids (4 aglycones and 7 glucosides), and 13 phenylethanoid glycosides. Moreover, components of L. rotata extract belonging to the three main structural categories could be well separated in a 3D point plot according to their retention times, mass defects and degrees of unsaturation, facilitating the structural classification and identification in the subsequent studies. CONCLUSIONS The results provide a reasonable picture of the components contained in L. rotata extract and promote the further pharmacodynamic and/or pharmacokinetic characterization of this medical material, meanwhile demonstrating the utility of a universal methodology for the systematical study of herbal medicines. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chenxiao Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaobing Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ning Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuping Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Wang B, Wan Y, Zheng G, Hu J. Evaluating a Tap Water Contamination Incident Attributed to Oil Contamination by Nontargeted Screening Strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:2956-2963. [PMID: 26862992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study applied nontargeted screening techniques as a novel approach to evaluate the tap water samples collected during the "4.11" tap water pollution incident occurred on April 11, 2014 in Lanzhou in west China. Multivariate analysis (PCA and OPLS-DA) of about 3000 chemical features obtained in extracts of tap water samples by ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) analysis showed significantly different chemical profiles in tap water from pollution regions versus reference regions during the event. These different chemical profiles in samples from different regions were not observed in samples collected during the nonpollution period. The compounds responsible for the differences in profiles between regions were identified as naphthenic acids (NAs) and oxidized NAs (oxy-NAs) after the sample extracts underwent bromination to explore saturations, dansylation to identify hydroxylations and corresponding MS/MS mode analysis. A consistent finding was further observed in the targeted analysis of NA mixtures, demonstrating that the Lanzhou "4.11" tap water pollution incident could be attributed to oil spill pollution, and NA mixtures would be a marker for oil contamination. Such evaluations can help to rapidly discriminate pollution sources in accidental pollution events and contribute to regular water monitoring management of water safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beili Wang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi Wan
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guomao Zheng
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianying Hu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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Llorca M, Lucas D, Ferrando-Climent L, Badia-Fabregat M, Cruz-Morató C, Barceló D, Rodríguez-Mozaz S. Suspect screening of emerging pollutants and their major transformation products in wastewaters treated with fungi by liquid chromatography coupled to a high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1439:124-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis with accurate-mass database and parallel reaction monitoring for high-throughput screening and quantification of multi-xenobiotics in honey. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1429:119-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pérez-Ortega P, Lara-Ortega FJ, García-Reyes JF, Beneito-Cambra M, Gilbert-López B, Martos NR, Molina-Díaz A. Determination of Over 350 Multiclass Pesticides in Jams by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-TOFMS). FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0369-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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Saito-Shida S, Nemoto S, Teshima R, Akiyama H. Quantitative analysis of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 33:119-27. [PMID: 26479897 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1109714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The applicability of liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) for the quantitative analysis of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits was demonstrated. The LC-QTOF-MS parameters, such as cone voltage, capillary voltage, collision energy and mass extraction window, were carefully optimised for the analysis of pesticide residues. The LC-QTOF-MS method was validated for 149 pesticides in four vegetables and fruits, i.e. apple, potato, cabbage and spinach, at a spiking level of 0.01 mg kg(-1). The samples were prepared according to the Japanese official multi-residue method with a modification to the column clean-up procedure. Of the 149 pesticides, recoveries in the range of 70-120% were achieved for 147 pesticides in apple, 145 in potato, 141 in cabbage and 131 in spinach, with intra-day precisions (RSDs) of < 25% and inter-day precisions (RSDs) of < 30%, which are within the acceptable range given in the Japanese method validation guideline. Matrix effects were negligible for the majority of the target pesticides. Except for spiroxamine in spinach, no interfering peaks were observed in the blank samples. The target pesticides, except those with low sensitivity, achieved calibration curves with satisfactory linearity, with correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.995 in the concentration range of 0.002-0.1 μg ml(-1). Furthermore, the majority of the target pesticides provided more than one fragment ion or isotope ion that could be used for confirmation. The overall results suggest that LC-QTOF-MS is a powerful tool for the quantification of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits at the level of 0.01 mg kg(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satoru Nemoto
- a Division of Foods , National Institute of Health Sciences , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Reiko Teshima
- a Division of Foods , National Institute of Health Sciences , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akiyama
- a Division of Foods , National Institute of Health Sciences , Tokyo , Japan
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Chen D, Lin S, Xu W, Huang M, Chu J, Xiao F, Lin J, Peng J. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Major Constituents in Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pill by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS. Molecules 2015; 20:18597-619. [PMID: 26473821 PMCID: PMC6331871 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201018597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Shexiang Tongxin dropping pill (STP) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula that consists of total saponins of ginseng, synthetic Calculus bovis, bear gall, Venenum bufonis, borneol and Salvia miltiorrhiza. STP has been widely used in China and Southeast Asia for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, a qualitative analytical method using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry was developed for identification of the major constituents in STP. Based on the retention time and MS spectra, 41 components were identified by comparison with reference compounds and literature data. Moreover, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry in multiple-reaction monitoring mode, we quantified 13 of the identified constituents (ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rk3, cinobufagin, arenobufagin, bufalin, resibufogenin, tanshinone IIA, taurine, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and chenodeoxycholic acid). These results suggest that this new approach is applicable for the routine analysis and quality control of STP products and provides fundamental data for further in vivo pharmacokinetical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxin Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatric, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Shan Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatric, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Mingqing Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Jianfeng Chu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatric, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Fei Xiao
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatric, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Jiumao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatric, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatric, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
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Ionas AC, Ballesteros Gómez A, Leonards PEG, Covaci A. Identification strategies for flame retardants employing time-of-flight mass spectrometric detectors along with spectral and spectra-less databases. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:1031-1038. [PMID: 28338271 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the past, the preferred strategy for the identification of unknown compounds was to search in an appropriate mass spectral database for spectra obtained using either electron ionisation (GC-MS analyses) or collision-induced dissociation (LC-MS/MS analyses). Recently, an increase has been seen in the use of accurate mass instruments and spectra-less databases, based on monoisotopic accurate mass alone. In this article, we describe a systematic workflow for the screening and identification of new flame retardants. This approach utilises LC-quadrupole-time-of-flight MS and spectra-less databases based only on monoisotopic accurate mass for the identification of 'unknowns'. An in-house database was built, and the input parameters used in the data analysis process were optimised for flame retardant chemicals, so that it can be easily transferred to other laboratories. The procedure was successfully applied to dust, foam and textiles from car interiors and indoor consumer products. The developed method was demonstrated for the main new flame retardant present in Antiblaze V6 and for the three unreported reaction by-products/impurities present in the same technical mixture. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin C Ionas
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Ballesteros Gómez
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Pim E G Leonards
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
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Song Y, Zhang N, Shi S, Li J, Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Tu P. Homolog-focused profiling of ginsenosides based on the integration of step-wise formate anion-to-deprotonated ion transition screening and scheduled multiple reaction monitoring. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1406:136-44. [PMID: 26105782 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Homolog-focused profiling is a favored option to bridge targeted metabolomics toward non-targeted metabolomics. In current study, an attempt was made for the large-scale ginsenoside-specific analysis in ginseng (G) and American ginseng (AG). When formic acid (0.1%, v/v) was introduced as the mobile phase additive, formate anion-to-deprotonated ion transitions ([M+HCOO](-)>[M-H](-)) with an optimal collision energy (-32eV) could result in satisfactory responses for ginsenosides. Therefore, a step-wise multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based method employing [M+HCOO](-)>[M-H](-) ion pairs was constructed to screen ginsenosides among 501-1250u (for Q1) with a step-size of 2u, and MRM also served as a survey experiment to trigger enhanced product ion scans for MS(2) spectrum acquisition on a hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometer; then, the identification of those observed ginsenosides was achieved on the basis of the well-defined mass cracking patterns for ginsenosides; afterwards, scheduled MRM was introduced for large-scale relatively quantitative analysis of all detected ginsenosides. Finally, comparative metabolomics were performed to differentiate G, AG, and their processed products. Method validation was carried out using thirteen authentic compounds. A total of 221 ginsenosides, among which 185 ones were annotated, were observed and relatively quantitated. All crude materials were obviously classified into groups I-III. Above all, the MRM-based homolog-focused profiling of ginsenosides could be used as a reliable tool to gain an in-depth view for ginsenoside-enriched herbal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelin Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China; Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China
| | - Shepo Shi
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yunfang Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Sanchis Y, Coscollà C, Roca M, Yusà V. Target analysis of primary aromatic amines combined with a comprehensive screening of migrating substances in kitchen utensils by liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry. Talanta 2015; 138:290-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Dasenaki ME, Bletsou AA, Koulis GA, Thomaidis NS. Qualitative Multiresidue Screening Method for 143 Veterinary Drugs and Pharmaceuticals in Milk and Fish Tissue Using Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:4493-4508. [PMID: 25826150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A wide-scope screening methodology has been developed for the identification of veterinary drugs and pharmaceuticals in fish tissue and milk using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF MS). The method was validated using a qualitative approach at two concentration levels. The detection of the residues was accomplished by retention time, accurate mass, and the isotopic fit using an in-house database. Product-ion spectra were used for unequivocal identification of the compounds. Generic sample treatment was applied. The majority of the compounds were successfully detected and identified at concentration levels of 150 ng mL(-1) in milk and 200 μg kg(-1) in fish (>80% of the compounds in both matrices), whereas satisfactory results were also obtained at concentration levels of 15 ng mL(-1) in milk and 20 μg kg(-1) in fish (>60% of the compounds detected and identified).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena E Dasenaki
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Anna A Bletsou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - George A Koulis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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Gómez-Almenar MC, García-Mesa JA. Determination of pesticide residues in olives by liquid extraction surface analysis followed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2015. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.0828142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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45
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Metabolic study of enrofloxacin and metabolic profile modifications in broiler chicken tissues after drug administration. Food Chem 2015; 172:30-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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46
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Hepperle J, Mack D, Sigalov I, Schüler S, Anastassiades M. Analysis of “Amitraz (sum)” in pears with incurred residues – Comparison of the approach covering the individual metabolites via LC–MS/MS with the approach involving cleavage to 2,4-dimethylaniline. Food Chem 2015; 166:240-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of twenty multi-class pesticide residues in cashew. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Portolés T, Mol J, Sancho J, López FJ, Hernández F. Validation of a qualitative screening method for pesticides in fruits and vegetables by gas chromatography quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 838:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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49
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Hird SJ, Lau BPY, Schuhmacher R, Krska R. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of chemical contaminants in food. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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50
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Oellig C, Schwack W. Planar solid phase extraction clean-up and microliter-flow injection analysis–time-of-flight mass spectrometry for multi-residue screening of pesticides in food. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1351:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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