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Whitaker-Lockwood JA, Scholten SK, Karim F, Luiten AN, Perrella C. Comb spectroscopy of CO 2 produced from microbial metabolism. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:1553-1570. [PMID: 38495728 PMCID: PMC10942673 DOI: 10.1364/boe.515988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
We have developed a direct frequency comb spectroscopy instrument, which we have tested on Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) by measuring its CO2 output and production rate as we varied the environmental conditions, including the amount and type of feed sugar, the temperature, and the amount of yeast. By feeding isotopically-enhanced sugar to the yeast, we demonstrate the capability of our device to differentiate between two isotopologues of CO2, with a concentration measurement precision of 260 ppm for 12C16O2 and 175 ppm for 13C16O2. We also demonstrate the ability of our spectrometer to measure the proportion of carbon in the feed sugar converted to CO2, and estimate the amount incorporated into the yeast biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Whitaker-Lockwood
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Sarah K Scholten
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Optical Microcombs for Breakthrough Science (COMBS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Faisal Karim
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - André N Luiten
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Optical Microcombs for Breakthrough Science (COMBS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Christopher Perrella
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Optical Microcombs for Breakthrough Science (COMBS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- Centre of Light for Life and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
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2
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Bajo-Fernández M, Souza-Silva ÉA, Barbas C, Rey-Stolle MF, García A. GC-MS-based metabolomics of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath: applications in health and disease. A review. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 10:1295955. [PMID: 38298553 PMCID: PMC10828970 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1295955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Exhaled breath analysis, with particular emphasis on volatile organic compounds, represents a growing area of clinical research due to its obvious advantages over other diagnostic tests. Numerous pathologies have been extensively investigated for the identification of specific biomarkers in exhalates through metabolomics. However, the transference of breath tests to clinics remains limited, mainly due to deficiency in methodological standardization. Critical steps include the selection of breath sample types, collection devices, and enrichment techniques. GC-MS is the reference analytical technique for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in exhalates, especially during the biomarker discovery phase in metabolomics. This review comprehensively examines and compares metabolomic studies focusing on cancer, lung diseases, and infectious diseases. In addition to delving into the experimental designs reported, it also provides a critical discussion of the methodological aspects, ranging from the experimental design and sample collection to the identification of potential pathology-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Bajo-Fernández
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Érica A. Souza-Silva
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
- Departmento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Ma Fernanda Rey-Stolle
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Antonia García
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
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3
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Westphal K, Dudzik D, Waszczuk-Jankowska M, Graff B, Narkiewicz K, Markuszewski MJ. Common Strategies and Factors Affecting Off-Line Breath Sampling and Volatile Organic Compounds Analysis Using Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010008. [PMID: 36676933 PMCID: PMC9866406 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An analysis of exhaled breath enables specialists to noninvasively monitor biochemical processes and to determine any pathological state in the human body. Breath analysis holds the greatest potential to remold and personalize diagnostics; however, it requires a multidisciplinary approach and collaboration of many specialists. Despite the fact that breath is considered to be a less complex matrix than blood, it is not commonly used as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for early detection of disordered conditions due to its problematic sampling, analysis, and storage. This review is intended to determine, standardize, and marshal experimental strategies for successful, reliable, and especially, reproducible breath analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Westphal
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Danuta Dudzik
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.D.); (M.J.M.); Tel.: +48-58-349-1493 (D.D.)
| | - Małgorzata Waszczuk-Jankowska
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Beata Graff
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Narkiewicz
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Jan Markuszewski
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.D.); (M.J.M.); Tel.: +48-58-349-1493 (D.D.)
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4
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Ajay Rakkesh R, Durgalakshmi D, Balakumar S. Scalable approach to fabricate paper-based biomass reduced graphene sensor for the detection of exhaled diabetic breath. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:495703. [PMID: 36041406 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8d9c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate a microwave-assisted chemical reduction technique to exfoliate a few layers of graphene from the natural waste material, 'coconut shell'. The microwave irradiation coconut shell is subjected to structural, morphological and functional groups characterization methods including SEM, Raman, FTIR and XPS spectroscopic analyses. The formation of biomass reduced graphene (BRG) has been confirmed through Raman and FTIR spectroscopic analyzes with the presence of D, G and 2D and other functional spectral bands, respectively. The surface topography of the BRG exhibits two-dimensional mat structures with wrinkle topography, imaged by electron microscopic techniques. The metallic behaviour of the BRG is evaluated by band structure calculation using density functional theory. The synthesized nanostructure has been evaluated for exhaled diabetic breath sensing application by fabricating sensor device on the paper-based substrate by roll-to-roll coating technique. The BRG sensor exhibited enhanced sensing response at a very lower concentration of diabetic biomarker with long term stability and rapid response/recovery time of 1.11 s/41.25 s, respectively. Based on our findings, the microwave-assisted BRG is a potential candidate for fabricating highly scalable, inherently safe, economically viable and excellent sensing performance to detect exhaled diabetic breath at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ajay Rakkesh
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, India
| | - D Durgalakshmi
- Department of Medical Physics, Anna University, Chennai-600 025, India
| | - S Balakumar
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Chennai-600 025, India
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5
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Simultaneous determination of exhaled breath vapor and exhaled breath aerosol using filter-incorporated needle-trap devices: A comparison of gas-phase and droplet-bound components. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1203:339671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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6
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Effect of household air pollutants on the composition of exhaled breath characterized by solid-phase microextraction and needle-trap devices. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5573-5583. [PMID: 35274153 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03997-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to household air pollutants is becoming a serious environmental health risk. Various methods can be applied to assess humans' exposure status to indoor pollutants, with breath monitoring being among the best options. Breath sampling is fast and non-invasive, and contains compounds that can be used as markers for evaluating exposure length and estimating internal concentrations of pollutants. However, the distribution of compounds between gas and droplets in breath samples represents one of the key challenges associated with this analytical method. In this work, a needle-trap device (NTD) was prepared by packing the needle with a porous filter, divinyl benzene, and Carboxen to enable the exhaustive capture of both droplet-bound and gaseous components. Furthermore, fiber-based solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was also applied to extract compounds from only the gas phase to distinguish this portion of analytes from the total concentration in the sample. Dynamic, real-time breath sampling was enabled via a new sampling tube equipped with 2 one-way valves, which was specially designed for this work. Both methods provided satisfactory reproducibility, repeatability, and sensitivity, with detection limits as low as 0.05 ng mL-1. To investigate the real-world applicability of the proposed devices, breath samples were obtained from volunteers who had been exposed to candle and incense smoke and aerosol sprays, or had smoked cannabis. The results revealed the high concentration of organic air pollutants in inhaled air (maximum of 215 ng mL-1) and exhaled breath (maximum of 14.4 ng mL-1) and a correlation between the components in inhaled air and exhaled breath. Significantly, the findings further revealed that the developed NTD has enhanced breath-sample determinations, especially for polar compounds, which tend to remain trapped in breath droplets.
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7
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Metabolomics profiling of human exhaled breath condensate by SPME/GC × GC-ToFMS: Exploratory study on the use of face masks at the level of lipid peroxidation volatile markers. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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8
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Adepu V, Bokka N, Mattela V, Sahatiya P. A highly electropositive ReS2 based ultra-sensitive flexible humidity sensor for multifunctional applications. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00064k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Flexible 2D ReS2 based humidity sensor for multifunctional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Adepu
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Naveen Bokka
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad
- India
| | | | - Parikshit Sahatiya
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad
- India
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9
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Franchina FA, Zanella D, Dubois LM, Focant J. The role of sample preparation in multidimensional gas chromatographic separations for non‐targeted analysis with the focus on recent biomedical, food, and plant applications. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:188-210. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Flavio A. Franchina
- Molecular System Organic & Biological Analytical Chemistry Group University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Delphine Zanella
- Molecular System Organic & Biological Analytical Chemistry Group University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Lena M. Dubois
- Molecular System Organic & Biological Analytical Chemistry Group University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Jean‐François Focant
- Molecular System Organic & Biological Analytical Chemistry Group University of Liège Liège Belgium
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10
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Töreyin ZN, Ghosh M, Göksel Ö, Göksel T, Godderis L. Exhaled Breath Analysis in Diagnosis of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1110. [PMID: 32050546 PMCID: PMC7036862 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is mainly related to previous asbestos exposure. There is still dearth of information on non-invasive biomarkers to detect MPM at early stages. Human studies on exhaled breath biomarkers of cancer and asbestos-related diseases show encouraging results. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview on the current knowledge about exhaled breath analysis in MPM diagnosis. A systematic review was conducted on MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE and Web of Science databases to identify relevant studies. Quality assessment was done by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Six studies were identified, all of which showed fair quality and explored volatile organic compounds (VOC) based breath profile using Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Ion Mobility Spectrometry Coupled to Multi-capillary Columns (IMS-MCC) or pattern-recognition technologies. Sample sizes varied between 39 and 330. Some compounds (i.e, cyclohexane, P3, P5, P50, P71, diethyl ether, limonene, nonanal, VOC IK 1287) that can be indicative of MPM development in asbestos exposed population were identified with high diagnostic accuracy rates. E-nose studies reported breathprints being able to distinguish MPM from asbestos exposed individuals with high sensitivity and a negative predictive value. Small sample sizes and methodological diversities among studies limit the translation of results into clinical practice. More prospective studies with standardized methodologies should be conducted on larger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Nur Töreyin
- University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Özlem Göksel
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Asthma, Laboratory of Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Diseases, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Tuncay Göksel
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Lode Godderis
- University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.G.); (L.G.)
- Idewe, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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11
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Catino A, de Gennaro G, Di Gilio A, Facchini L, Galetta D, Palmisani J, Porcelli F, Varesano N. Breath Analysis: A Systematic Review of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Management of Pleural Mesothelioma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E831. [PMID: 31207975 PMCID: PMC6627570 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare neoplasm related to asbestos exposure and with high mortality rate. The management of patients with MPM is complex and controversial, particularly with regard to early diagnosis. In the last few years, breath analysis has been greatly implemented with this aim. In this review the strengths of breath analysis and preliminary results in searching breath biomarkers of MPM are highlighted and discussed, respectively. Through a systematic electronic literature search, collecting papers published from 2000 until December 2018, fifteen relevant scientific papers were selected. All papers considered were prospective, comparative, observational case-control studies although every single one pilot and based on a relatively small number of samples. The identification of diagnostic VOCs pattern, through breath sample characterization and the statistical data treatment, allows to obtain a strategic information for clinical diagnostics. To date the collected data provide just preliminary information and, despite the promising results and diagnostic accuracy, conclusions cannot be generalized due to the limited number of individuals included in each cohort study. Furthermore none of studies was externally validated, although validation process is a necessary step towards clinical implementation. Breathomics-based biomarker approach should be further explored to confirm and validate preliminary findings and to evaluate its potential role in monitoring the therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Catino
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Clinical Cancer Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | | | | | - Laura Facchini
- Department of Biology, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Domenico Galetta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Clinical Cancer Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | | | | | - Niccolò Varesano
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Clinical Cancer Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
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12
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Enhancing Disease Diagnosis: Biomedical Applications of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9061163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has recently gained increasing attention for the detection of trace quantities of biomolecules due to its excellent molecular specificity, ultrasensitivity, and quantitative multiplex ability. Specific single or multiple biomarkers in complex biological environments generate strong and distinct SERS spectral signals when they are in the vicinity of optically active nanoparticles (NPs). When multivariate chemometrics are applied to decipher underlying biomarker patterns, SERS provides qualitative and quantitative information on the inherent biochemical composition and properties that may be indicative of healthy or diseased states. Moreover, SERS allows for differentiation among many closely-related causative agents of diseases exhibiting similar symptoms to guide early prescription of appropriate, targeted and individualised therapeutics. This review provides an overview of recent progress made by the application of SERS in the diagnosis of cancers, microbial and respiratory infections. It is envisaged that recent technology development will help realise full benefits of SERS to gain deeper insights into the pathological pathways for various diseases at the molecular level.
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Wallace MAG, Pleil JD. Evolution of clinical and environmental health applications of exhaled breath research: Review of methods and instrumentation for gas-phase, condensate, and aerosols. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1024:18-38. [PMID: 29776545 PMCID: PMC6082128 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human breath, along with urine and blood, has long been one of the three major biological media for assessing human health and environmental exposure. In fact, the detection of odor on human breath, as described by Hippocrates in 400 BC, is considered the first analytical health assessment tool. Although less common in comparison to contemporary bio-fluids analyses, breath has become an attractive diagnostic medium as sampling is non-invasive, unlimited in timing and volume, and does not require clinical personnel. Exhaled breath, exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and exhaled breath aerosol (EBA) are different types of breath matrices used to assess human health and disease state. Over the past 20 years, breath research has made many advances in assessing health state, overcoming many of its initial challenges related to sampling and analysis. The wide variety of sampling techniques and collection devices that have been developed for these media are discussed herein. The different types of sensors and mass spectrometry instruments currently available for breath analysis are evaluated as well as emerging breath research topics, such as cytokines, security and airport surveillance, cellular respiration, and canine olfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ariel Geer Wallace
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Joachim D Pleil
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
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14
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Chappuis TH, Pham Ho BA, Ceillier M, Ricoul F, Alessio M, Beche JF, Corne C, Besson G, Vial J, Thiébaut D, Bourlon B. Miniaturization of breath sampling with silicon chip: application to volatile tobacco markers tracking. J Breath Res 2018; 12:046011. [PMID: 30008462 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aad384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the performances of silicon micro-preconcentrators chips for breath sampling. The silicon chips were coupled to a handheld battery powered system for breath sampling and direct injection in a laboratory gas chromatography mass spectrometry system through thermal desorption (TD). Performances of micro-preconcentrators were first compared to commercial TD for benzene trapping. Similar chromatographic peaks after gas chromatographic separation were observed while the volume of sample needed was reduced by a factor of 5. Repeatability and day to day variability of the micro-preconcentrators were then studied for a 500 ppb synthetic model mixture injected three times a day four days in a row: 8% and 12% were measured respectively. Micro-preconcentrator to micro-preconcentrator variability was not significant compared to day to day variability. In addition, micro-preconcentrators were tested for breath samples collected in Tedlar® bags. Three analyses of the same breath sample displayed relative standard deviations values below 16% for eight of the ten most intense peaks. Finally, the performances of micro-preconcentrators for breath sampling on a single expiration were illustrated with the example of volatile tobacco markers tracking. The signals of three smoking markers in breath, benzene, 2,5-dimethylfuran, and toluene were studied. Concentrations of benzene and toluene were found to be 10 to 100 higher in the breath of smokers. 2,5-dimethylfuran was only found in the breath of smokers. The elimination kinetics of the markers were followed as well during 4 h: a fast decrease of the signal of the three markers in breath was observed 20 min after smoking in good agreement with what is described in the literature. Those results demonstrate the efficiency of silicon chips for breath sampling, compared to the state of the art techniques. Thanks to miniaturization and lower sample volumes needed, micro-preconcentrators could be in the future a key technology towards portable breath sampling and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hector Chappuis
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38000 Grenoble, France. UMR 8231 CBI, LSABM, ESPCI Paris-CNRS, PSL Institute, Paris, France
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15
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Aksenov AA, Zamuruyev KO, Pasamontes A, Brown JF, Schivo M, Foutouhi S, Weimer BC, Kenyon NJ, Davis CE. Analytical methodologies for broad metabolite coverage of exhaled breath condensate. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1061-1062:17-25. [PMID: 28697414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Breath analysis has been gaining popularity as a non-invasive technique that is amenable to a broad range of medical uses. One of the persistent problems hampering the wide application of the breath analysis method is measurement variability of metabolite abundances stemming from differences in both sampling and analysis methodologies used in various studies. Mass spectrometry has been a method of choice for comprehensive metabolomic analysis. For the first time in the present study, we juxtapose the most commonly employed mass spectrometry-based analysis methodologies and directly compare the resultant coverages of detected compounds in exhaled breath condensate in order to guide methodology choices for exhaled breath condensate analysis studies. Four methods were explored to broaden the range of measured compounds across both the volatile and non-volatile domain. Liquid phase sampling with polyacrylate Solid-Phase MicroExtraction fiber, liquid phase extraction with a polydimethylsiloxane patch, and headspace sampling using Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane Solid-Phase MicroExtraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry were tested for the analysis of volatile fraction. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and reversed-phase chromatography high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry were used for analysis of non-volatile fraction. We found that liquid phase breath condensate extraction was notably superior compared to headspace extraction and differences in employed sorbents manifested altered metabolite coverages. The most pronounced effect was substantially enhanced metabolite capture for larger, higher-boiling compounds using polyacrylate SPME liquid phase sampling. The analysis of the non-volatile fraction of breath condensate by hydrophilic and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry indicated orthogonal metabolite coverage by these chromatography modes. We found that the metabolite coverage could be enhanced significantly with the use of organic solvent as a device rinse after breath sampling to collect the non-aqueous fraction as opposed to neat breath condensate sample. Here, we show the detected ranges of compounds in each case and provide a practical guide for methodology selection for optimal detection of specific compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Aksenov
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Konstantin O Zamuruyev
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alberto Pasamontes
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Joshua F Brown
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael Schivo
- Department of Internal Medicine, 4150 V Street, Suite 3400, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Soraya Foutouhi
- School of Veterinary Medicine,1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bart C Weimer
- School of Veterinary Medicine,1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nicholas J Kenyon
- Department of Internal Medicine, 4150 V Street, Suite 3400, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Cristina E Davis
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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16
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Lu Y, Niu W, Zou X, Shen C, Xia L, Huang C, Wang H, Jiang H, Chu Y. Glass bottle sampling solid phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry for breath analysis of drug metabolites. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1496:20-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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17
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Huang Z, Zhang Y, Yan Q, Zhang Z, Wang X. Real-time monitoring of respiratory absorption factors of volatile organic compounds in ambient air by proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 320:547-555. [PMID: 27597155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory absorption factors (AFs) are essential parameters in the evaluation of human health risks from toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air. A method for the real time monitoring of VOCs in inhaled and exhaled air by proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) has been developed to permit the calculation of respiratory AFs of VOCs. Isoprene was found to be a better breath tracer than O2, CO2, humidity, or acetone for distinguishing between the expiratory and inspiratory phases, and a homemade online breath sampling device with a buffer tube was used to optimize signal peak shapes. Preliminary tests with seven subjects exposed to aromatic hydrocarbons in an indoor environment revealed mean respiratory AFs of 55.0%, 55.9%, and 66.9% for benzene, toluene, and C8-aromatics (ethylbenzene and xylenes), respectively. These AFs were lower than the values of 90% or 100% used in previous studies when assessing the health risks of inhalation exposure to hazardous VOCs. The mean respiratory AFs of benzene, toluene and C8-aromatics were 66.5%, 70.2% and 82.3% for the three female subjects; they were noticeably much higher than that of 46.4%, 45.2% and 55.3%, respectively, for the four male subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qiong Yan
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou No. 12 Peoples Hospital, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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18
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Das S, Pal S, Mitra M. Significance of Exhaled Breath Test in Clinical Diagnosis: A Special Focus on the Detection of Diabetes Mellitus. J Med Biol Eng 2016; 36:605-624. [PMID: 27853412 PMCID: PMC5083779 DOI: 10.1007/s40846-016-0164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emanating from human exhaled breath can provide deep insight into the status of various biochemical processes in the human body. VOCs can serve as potential biomarkers of physiological and pathophysiological conditions related to several diseases. Breath VOC analysis, a noninvasive and quick biomonitoring approach, also has potential for the early detection and progress monitoring of several diseases. This paper gives an overview of the major VOCs present in human exhaled breath, possible biochemical pathways of breath VOC generation, diagnostic importance of their analysis, and analytical techniques used in the breath test. Breath analysis relating to diabetes mellitus and its characteristic breath biomarkers is focused on. Finally, some challenges and limitations of the breath test are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani, West Bengal 741235 India
| | - Saurabh Pal
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal 700009 India
| | - Madhuchhanda Mitra
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal 700009 India
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19
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Techniques and issues in breath and clinical sample headspace analysis for disease diagnosis. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:677-90. [PMID: 26978667 DOI: 10.4155/bio.16.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from breath or clinical samples for disease diagnosis is an attractive proposition because it is noninvasive and rapid. There are numerous studies showing its potential, yet there are barriers to its development. Sampling and sample handling is difficult, and when coupled with a variety of analytical instrumentation, the same samples can give different results. Background air and the environment a person has been exposed to can greatly affect the VOCs emitted by the body; however, this is not an easy problem to solve. This review investigates the use of VOCs in disease diagnosis, the analytical techniques employed and the problems associated with sample handling and standardization. It then suggests the barriers to future development.
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20
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Castellanos M, Xifra G, Fernández-Real JM, Sánchez JM. Breath gas concentrations mirror exposure to sevoflurane and isopropyl alcohol in hospital environments in non-occupational conditions. J Breath Res 2016; 10:016001. [PMID: 26824193 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/10/1/016001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Anaesthetic gases and disinfectants are a primary source of air contamination in hospitals. A highly sensitive sorbent-trap methodology has been used to analyse exhaled breath samples with detection limits in the pptv range, which allows volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to be detected at significantly lower levels (5-6 orders of magnitude below) than the recommended exposure limits by different organizations. Two common VOCs used in hospital environments, isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and sevoflurane, have been evaluated. Forced-expiratory breath samples were obtained from 100 volunteers (24 hospital staff, 45 hospital visitors and 31 external controls). Significant differences for IPA were found between samples from volunteers who had not been in contact with hospital environments (mean value of 8.032 ppbv) and people staying (20.981 ppbv, p = 0.0002) or working (19.457 ppbv, p = 0.000 09) in such an environment. Sevoflurane, an anaesthetic gas routinely used as an inhaled anaesthetic, was detected in all samples from volunteers in the hospital environment but not in volunteers who had not been in recent contact with a hospital environment. The levels of sevoflurane were significantly higher (p = 0.000 24) among staff members (0.522 ppbv) than among visitors to the hospital (0.196 ppbv). We conclude that highly sensitive methods are required to detect anaesthetic gas contamination in hospital environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Castellanos
- Servicio de Neurología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
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21
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Xu M, Tang Z, Duan Y, Liu Y. GC-Based Techniques for Breath Analysis: Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2015; 46:291-304. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2015.1055550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Marco E, Grimalt JO. A rapid method for the chromatographic analysis of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath of tobacco cigarette and electronic cigarette smokers. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1410:51-9. [PMID: 26243705 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A method for the rapid analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in smoke from tobacco and electronic cigarettes and in exhaled breath of users of these smoking systems has been developed. Both disposable and rechargeable e-cigarettes were considered. Smoke or breath were collected in Bio-VOCs. VOCs were then desorbed in Tenax cartridges which were subsequently analyzed by thermal desorption coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The method provides consistent results when comparing the VOC compositions from cigarette smoke and the equivalent exhaled breath of the smokers. The differences in composition of these two sample types are useful to ascertain which compounds are retained in the respiratory system after tobacco cigarette or e-cigarette smoking. Strong differences were observed in the VOC composition of tobacco cigarette smoke and exhaled breath when comparing with those of e-cigarette smoking. The former involved transfers of a much larger burden of organic compounds into smokers, including benzene, toluene, naphthalene and other pollutants of general concern. e-Cigarettes led to strong absorptions of propylene glycol and glycerin in the users of these systems. Tobacco cigarettes were also those showing highest concentration differences between nicotine concentrations in smoke and exhaled breath. The results from disposable e-cigarettes were very similar to those from rechargeable e-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Marco
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan O Grimalt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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23
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Van Durme J, Werbrouck B. Phase ratio variation approach for the study of partitioning behavior of volatile organic compounds in polymer sample bags: Nalophan case study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:11067-11075. [PMID: 25794578 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sorption of volatile organic compounds on the inner surface of polymer sampling bags leads to important underestimations of the real headspace concentration. Introducing a wide range of volatiles in a two-phase system containing Nalophan revealed that recoveries decreased down to 57 % in a period of 22 h. In this work, a phase ratio variation approach is investigated to quantify the degree of scalping, and thus enabling to compensate for sorption phenomena. This method requires limited measurements, without the need for time-consuming calibrations. By spiking identical amounts of volatiles in three two-phase systems, each having unique polymer volume/mass ratios β (β 1 = 0, β 2 = 80.9, β 3 = 161.9), individual partitioning coefficients could be experimentally determined for a wide range of compounds. Additionally, a correlation was found between these partitioning coefficients and the liquid molar volume for a number of aliphatic, aromatic, and oxygenated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Van Durme
- Research Group Molecular Odor Chemistry, KU Leuven Technology Campus Ghent, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium,
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24
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Current Challenges in Volatile Organic Compounds Analysis as Potential Biomarkers of Cancer. J Biomark 2015; 2015:981458. [PMID: 26317039 PMCID: PMC4437398 DOI: 10.1155/2015/981458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial in reducing mortality among people suffering from cancer. There is a lack of characteristic early clinical symptoms in most forms of cancer, which highlights the importance of investigating new methods for its early detection. One of the most promising methods is the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs are a diverse group of carbon-based chemicals that are present in exhaled breath and biofluids and may be collected from the headspace of these matrices. Different patterns of VOCs have been correlated with various diseases, cancer among them. Studies have also shown that cancer cells in vitro produce or consume specific VOCs that can serve as potential biomarkers that differentiate them from noncancerous cells. This review identifies the current challenges in the investigation of VOCs as potential cancer biomarkers, by the critical evaluation of available matrices for the in vivo and in vitro approaches in this field and by comparison of the main extraction and detection techniques that have been applied to date in this area of study. It also summarises complementary in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro studies conducted to date in order to try to identify volatile biomarkers of cancer.
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25
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Greguš M, Foret F, Kubáň P. Single-breath analysis using a novel simple sampler and capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductometric detection. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:526-33. [PMID: 25377628 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of ionic content of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from one single breath by CE with C(4) D is demonstrated for the first time. A miniature sampler made from a 2-mL syringe and an aluminum cooling cylinder for collection of EBC was developed. Various parameters of the sampler that influence its collection efficiency, repeatability, and effect of respiratory patterns were studied in detail. Efficient procedures for the cleanup of the miniature sampler were also developed and resulted in significant improvement of sampling repeatability. Analysis of EBC was performed by CE-C(4) D in a 60 mM MES/l-histidine BGE with 30 μM CTAB and 2 mM 18-crown-6 at pH 6 and excellent repeatability of migration times (RSD < 1.3% (n = 7)) and peak areas (RSD < 7% (n = 7)) of 12 inorganic anions, cations, and organic acids was obtained. It has been shown that the breathing pattern has a significant impact on the concentration of the analytes in the collected EBC. As the ventilatory pattern can be easily controlled during single exhalation, the developed collection system and method provides a highly reproducible and fast way of collecting EBC with applicability in point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Greguš
- Bioanalytical Instrumentation, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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26
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Biesterbos JWH, Beckmann G, van Wel L, Anzion RBM, von Goetz N, Dudzina T, Roeleveld N, Ragas AMJ, Russel FGM, Scheepers PTJ. Aggregate dermal exposure to cyclic siloxanes in personal care products: implications for risk assessment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 74:231-239. [PMID: 25454240 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Consumers who use personal care products (PCPs) are internally exposed to some of the organic components present of which some may be detected in exhaled air when eliminated. The aim of this study was the quantitative determination of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) in end-exhaled air to study dermal absorption of substances in PCPs. We exposed the forearm of fifteen healthy volunteers for 60min to pure D4 or D5 and to commercial products containing D4 and D5. Inhalation uptake was kept to a minimum by keeping the forearm in a flow cabinet during dermal exposure and supplying filtered air to the breathing zone of the volunteer during the post-exposure period. End-exhaled air was collected using a breath sampler (Bio-VOC), transferred to carbograph multi-bed adsorbent tubes and analyzed by thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). In the end-exhaled air of non-exposed volunteers background concentrations of D4 (0.8-3.5ng/L) and D5 (0.8-4.0ng/L) were observed. After exposing the volunteers, the level of D4 and D5 in end-exhaled air did not or barely exceed background concentrations. At t=90min, a sharp increase of the D4/D5 concentration in end-exhaled air was observed, which we attributed to the inhalation of the substances during a toilet visit without using inhalation protection devices. When this visit was taken out of the protocol, the sharp increase disappeared. Overall, the results of our study indicate that dermal absorption of D4 and D5 contributes only marginally to internal exposure following dermal applications. As in our study inhalation is the primary route of entry for these compounds, we conclude that its risk assessment should focus on this particular exposure route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline W H Biesterbos
- Radboud university medical center, Department for Health Evidence, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gwendolyn Beckmann
- Radboud university medical center, Department for Health Evidence, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Luuk van Wel
- Radboud university medical center, Department for Health Evidence, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Rob B M Anzion
- Radboud university medical center, Department for Health Evidence, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Natalie von Goetz
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Tatsiana Dudzina
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Nel Roeleveld
- Radboud university medical center, Department for Health Evidence, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud university medical center, Department of Pediatrics, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ad M J Ragas
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Wetland and Water Research, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Frans G M Russel
- Radboud university medical center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul T J Scheepers
- Radboud university medical center, Department for Health Evidence, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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27
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Kwak J, Fan M, Harshman SW, Garrison CE, Dershem VL, Phillips JB, Grigsby CC, Ott DK. Evaluation of Bio-VOC Sampler for Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath. Metabolites 2014; 4:879-88. [PMID: 25532709 PMCID: PMC4279150 DOI: 10.3390/metabo4040879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from exhaled breath has been used to determine exposures of humans to chemicals. Prior to analysis of VOCs, breath samples are often collected with canisters or bags and concentrated. The Bio-VOC breath sampler, a commercial sampling device, has been recently introduced to the market with growing use. The main advantage for this sampler is to collect the last portion of exhaled breath, which is more likely to represent the air deep in the lungs. However, information about the Bio-VOC sampler is somewhat limited. Therefore, we have thoroughly evaluated the sampler here. We determined the volume of the breath air collected in the sampler was approximately 88 mL. When sampling was repeated multiple times, with the succeeding exhalations applied to a single sorbent tube, we observed linear relationships between the normalized peak intensity and the number of repeated collections with the sampler in many of the breath VOCs detected. No moisture effect was observed on the Tenax sorbent tubes used. However, due to the limitation in the collection volume, the use of the Bio-VOC sampler is recommended only for detection of VOCs present at high concentrations unless repeated collections of breath samples on the sampler are conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kwak
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing/RHXBC, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA.
| | - Maomian Fan
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing/RHXBC, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA.
| | - Sean W Harshman
- UES, Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing/RHXBC, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA.
| | - Catherine E Garrison
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing/RHXBC, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA.
| | - Victoria L Dershem
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing/RHXBC, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA.
| | - Jeffrey B Phillips
- Naval Medical Research Unit-Dayton, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA.
| | - Claude C Grigsby
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing/RHXBC, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA.
| | - Darrin K Ott
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA.
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28
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Jia C, Ward KD, Mzayek F, Relyea G. Blood 2,5-dimethylfuran as a sensitive and specific biomarker for cigarette smoking. Biomarkers 2014; 19:457-62. [PMID: 24980250 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.935956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the validity of blood 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) for determining smoking status using population-based data. METHODS We obtained blood DMF concentrations and smoking status from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006 and computed sensitivity, specificity and Kappa statistic. RESULTS Self-reported smoking showed very high agreement (Kappa = 92.8-93.3%) in daily smokers and fair agreement in non-daily smokers (Kappa = 33.7-36.4%). Coffee intake did not influence the detection of blood DMF. CONCLUSIONS Blood DMF has comparable sensitivity and specificity with serum cotinine for identifying current daily smokers, which may make it a useful biomarker in epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Jia
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis , Memphis, TN , USA
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29
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Biesterbos JWH, Beckmann G, Anzion RBM, Ragas AMJ, Russel FGM, Scheepers PTJ. Sensitive Method for Quantification of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) in End-Exhaled Air by Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2014; 86:5794-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5004695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ad M. J. Ragas
- Department
of Environmental Science, Institute for Wetland and Water Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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30
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Chatterjee S, Castro M, Feller JF. An e-nose made of carbon nanotube based quantum resistive sensors for the detection of eighteen polar/nonpolar VOC biomarkers of lung cancer. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:4563-4575. [PMID: 32261199 DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20819b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A room temperature operating electronic nose (e-nose) has been developed by the assembly of conductive polymer nanocomposite (CPC) quantum resistive sensors (QRS). The fabrication of QRS by spray layer by layer (sLbL) of CPC solutions allowed us to obtain transducers with reproducible initial properties that could be easily tailored by adjusting either the number of sprayed layers and/or the solution composition. The selectivity of QRS was varied by changing the chemical nature of the polymer matrix in which carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were dispersed in solution, i.e., poly(carbonate) (PC), poly(caprolactone) (PCL), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(styrene) (PS), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The e-nose was then successfully used to detect several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) selected among lung cancer biomarkers: a first set of seven polar vapours (water, ethanol, methanol, acetone, propanol, isopropanol, and 2-butanone), and another set of eleven less and nonpolar vapours (chloroform, toluene, benzene, styrene, cyclohexane, o-xylene, n-propane, n-decane, 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene, isoprene, and 1-hexene). The discrimination ability of the e-nose evaluated after a 3D principal component analysis (PCA) pattern recognition treatment was proved to be very good. Moreover, the quantitativity of the transducers' chemo-resistive responses was well fitted with the Langmuir-Henry-Clustering (LHC) model for both acetone and toluene vapours in a wide range of concentrations. The QRS developed in this study appear to be very good candidates to design low cost e-noses for the anticipated diagnosis of lung cancer by VOC analysis in breath, with ppm level sensitivity (tested down to 2.5 parts per million), short response time (a couple of seconds), low consumption, and a large signal to noise ratio (SNR ≥ 10).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chatterjee
- Smart Plastics Group, European University of Brittany (UEB), LIMATB-UBS, Lorient, France.
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31
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Godayol A, Marcé RM, Borrull F, Anticó E, Sanchez JM. Development of a method for the monitoring of odor-causing compounds in atmospheres surrounding wastewater treatment plants. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1621-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Godayol
- Department of Chemistry; Universitat de Girona; Campus Montilivi; Girona Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades; Tarragona Spain
| | - Rosa M. Marcé
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades; Tarragona Spain
| | - Francesc Borrull
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades; Tarragona Spain
| | - Enriqueta Anticó
- Department of Chemistry; Universitat de Girona; Campus Montilivi; Girona Spain
| | - Juan M. Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry; Universitat de Girona; Campus Montilivi; Girona Spain
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