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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, (Ron) Hoogenboom L, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Wallace H, Benford D, Fürst P, Hart A, Rose M, Schroeder H, Vrijheid M, Ioannidou S, Nikolič M, Bordajandi LR, Vleminckx C. Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8497. [PMID: 38269035 PMCID: PMC10807361 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food, focusing on 10 congeners: BDE-28, -47, -49, -99, -100, -138, -153, -154, -183 and ‑209. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour and reproductive/developmental effects are the critical effects in rodent studies. For four congeners (BDE-47, -99, -153, -209) the Panel derived Reference Points, i.e. benchmark doses and corresponding lower 95% confidence limits (BMDLs), for endpoint-specific benchmark responses. Since repeated exposure to PBDEs results in accumulation of these chemicals in the body, the Panel estimated the body burden at the BMDL in rodents, and the chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans. For the remaining six congeners no studies were available to identify Reference Points. The Panel concluded that there is scientific basis for inclusion of all 10 congeners in a common assessment group and performed a combined risk assessment. The Panel concluded that the combined margin of exposure (MOET) approach was the most appropriate risk metric and applied a tiered approach to the risk characterisation. Over 84,000 analytical results for the 10 congeners in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary Lower Bound exposure to PBDEs were meat and meat products and fish and seafood. Taking into account the uncertainties affecting the assessment, the Panel concluded that it is likely that current dietary exposure to PBDEs in the European population raises a health concern.
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C FC, Kamalesh T, Senthil Kumar P, Rangasamy G. An insights of organochlorine pesticides categories, properties, eco-toxicity and new developments in bioremediation process. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122114. [PMID: 37379877 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been used in agriculture, increasing crop yields and representing a serious and persistent global contaminant that is harmful to the environment and human health. OCPs are typically bioaccumulative and persistent chemicals that can spread over long distances. The challenge is to reduce the impacts caused by OCPs, which can be achieved by treating OCPs in an appropriate soil and water environment. Therefore, this report summarizes the process of bioremediation with commercially available OCPs, considering their types, impacts, and characteristics in soil and water sources. The methods explained in this report were considered to be an effective and environmentally friendly technique because they result in the complete transformation of OCPs into a non-toxic end product. This report suggests that the bioremediation process can overcome the challenges and limitations of physical and chemical treatment for OCP removal. Advanced methods such as biosurfactants and genetically modified strains can be used to promote bioremediation of OCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femina Carolin C
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - T Kamalesh
- Department of Physics, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600 048, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
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Cao Z, Wang J, Zheng X, Hu B, Wang S, Zheng Q, Luo C, Zhang G. Effects of nitrogen stress on uptake and translocation of organophosphate esters by watermifoil (Myriophyllum aquaticum L.) in an aquatic ecosystem. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:94950-94959. [PMID: 37542696 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Although organophosphate esters (OPEs) and nitrogen (N) are normally present in aquatic environments, the effects of the plant uptake, accumulation, and translocation of OPEs in different levels of N remain ambiguous. To better understand these processes, watermifoil (Myriophyllum aquaticum L.) as tested plant was chosen to investigate the effects of different N levels on the uptake and translocation of OPEs by plants in matched water-sediment-plant samples. After two months, we found the root-water concentration factors, root-sediment concentration factors, and translocation factors (TFs) were significantly changed with the levels of N (p < 0.05), implying that the presence of N could alter uptake, accumulation, and translocation of OPEs in M. aquaticum, particularly the process of root absorption. Low concentrations of N could remarkably promote the uptake of OPEs by M. aquaticum. However, when the concentrations of N in water were higher than 200 mg/L, the plants' growth and OPE accumulation by M. aquaticum were obviously inhibited with the elevated N contents. Moreover, the enrichment and environmental transport of OPEs in M. aquaticum seemed to be closely associated with physicochemical parameters; the octanol-water partition coefficient had significant relationships with measured organic carbon-normalized sediment-water partition coefficients and TFs in the present study. Additionally, the substituents and structures of OPEs could also affect the accumulation and translocation of OPEs in M. aquaticum, including the chlorination degree and alkyl chain length. This study could improve our understanding of uptake and translocation of OPEs in aquatic plants under different levels of N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Beibei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Chunling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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De Oro-Carretero P, Sanz-Landaluze J. Miniaturized method for the quantification of persistent organic pollutants and their metabolites in HepG2 cells: assessment of their biotransformation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04781-w. [PMID: 37289209 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04781-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation can greatly influence the accumulation and, subsequently, toxicity of substances in living beings. Although traditionally these studies to quantify metabolization of a compound have been carried out with in vivo species, currently, in vitro test methods with very different cell lines are being developed for their evaluation. However, this is still a very limited field due to multiple variables of a very diverse nature. So, an increasing number of analytical chemists are working with cells or other similar biological samples of very small size. This makes it necessary to address the development of analytical methods that allow determining their concentration both inside the cells and in their exposure medium. The aim of this study is to develop a set of analytical methodologies for the quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs (phenanthrene, PHE), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs (2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether, BDE-47), and their major metabolites in cells and their exposure medium. Analytical methodologies, based on miniaturized ultrasound probe-assisted extraction, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-microelectron capture detector (GC-MS-µECD), and liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector (LC-FL) determination techniques, have been optimized and then applied to a biotransformation study in HepG2 at 48 h of exposure. Significant concentrations of the major metabolites of PHE (1-OH, 2-OH, 3-OH, 4-OH-, and 9-OH-PHE) and BDE-47 (5-MeO-, 5-OH-, and 3-OH-BDE-47) were detected and quantified inside the cells and in the exposure medium. These results provide a new method for determination and improve information on the metabolization ratios for a better knowledge of the metabolic pathways and their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma De Oro-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jon Sanz-Landaluze
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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5
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De Oro-Carretero P, Sanz-Landaluze J. Bioaccumulation and Biotransformation of BDE-47 Using Zebrafish Eleutheroembryos (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:835-845. [PMID: 36705440 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are well-known endocrine disrupting chemicals identified as organic persistent pollutants. Their metabolites OH-BDE and MeO-BDE have been reported to be potentially more toxic than the postulated precursor PBDEs. One of the most predominant congeners of PBDEs in the environment is BDE-47, due to its high presence in industrially used mixtures. In the present study, the bioaccumulation and biotransformation of BDE-47 into its major metabolites is evaluated using zebrafish (Danio rerio) eleutheroembryos adapting a previously developed alternative method to bioconcentration official guideline Organisation for Economic Co-ordination and Development 305, which reduces the animal suffering, time, and cost. For the simultaneous determination of BDE-47 and its metabolites in larvae and exposure medium, and considering the polarity difference of the analytes and the small sample size, the development of a validated analytical method is a step to ensure quality results. In the present study, an ultrasound-assisted extraction followed by a solid phase extraction dispersive clean-up step and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-microelectron capture detector (GC-MS-μECD) with a previous derivatization process was optimized and validated. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were calculated using a first-order one-compartment toxicokinetic model. The profiles found show rapid absorption in the first hours of larval development and great bioaccumulative capacity, finding BCFs of 7294 ± 899 and 36 363 ± 5702 at nominal concentrations of 10 and 1 μg L-1 , respectively. Metabolization studies show increasing concentrations of the metabolites BDE-28, 2'-OH-BDE-28, and 5-MeO-BDE-47 throughout the exposure time. The results obtained show the feasibility of the method for bioaccumulation and open up the possibility of metabolic studies with zebrafish eleutheroembryos, which is a very underdeveloped field without official testing or regulation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:835-845. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma De Oro-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jon Sanz-Landaluze
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Tan W. Influences of humic acid on the release of polybrominated diphenyl ethers from plastic waste in landfills under different environmental conditions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 230:113122. [PMID: 34974360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Landfill-formed humic acid are an important substance in landfill leachate. The effect of landfill-formed humic acid in different environments (temperature and surfactant concentrations) on the release of chemicals from plastic waste remains unknown. In order to explore the pollution release rates of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in different plastic waste, humic acid were used as the extractant to conduct leaching simulation tests to study the effects of time, temperature, and surfactant (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS)) concentrations on the release of PBDEs in waste. This waste includes polypropylene random pipes (PPRP), polyethylene of raised temperature resistance pipes (PERTP), polyvinyl chloride pipes (PVCP), polypropylene plastic benches (PPB), polypropylene washing machines (PPWM), polystyrene television (PSTV), and flame-retardant acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (FRABS). The leaching amounts of PBDEs had significant linear growth over time. Among them, the leaching amount of PBDEs in daily plastics is lower than dismantling plastics. The rate of leaching of BDE-209 was greater than the other congeners, with a leaching amount of up to 93.10%. Different types of waste exhibited different changes with temperature and surfactants concentrations. Among all the waste types, the leaching amounts of PBDEs in PPRP and PERTP gradually increased with increasing temperature. Surfactants within a certain concentration range can promote the release of PBDEs. The purpose of the research is to explore the dissolution law of PBDEs of different plastic products and the same product in different environment, provides a theoretical basis for the management and risk control of landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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7
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Zhang Y, Xi B, Tan W. Release, transformation, and risk factors of polybrominated diphenyl ethers from landfills to the surrounding environments: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106780. [PMID: 34314982 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) serve as brominated flame retardants when added to various products. When these products reach their end of life, a large amount of domestic waste containing PBDEs enters the landfills. Given their weak chemical bonds, they are easily affected by physical, chemical, and biological processes. These processes result in their release and the subsequent contamination of the surrounding soil, groundwater, and atmosphere, causing harm to humans and ecosystems. However, despite the progress made in the research of PBDEs over the years, understanding of the environmental behavior and fate of pollutants is still limited. With the development of cities, the release of PBDEs in old landfills will gradually increase the risk to the surrounding environment. Here we review the biological and nonbiological transformation of PBDEs and their derivatives in landfills and surrounding areas, as well as their distribution in soil, groundwater, and atmosphere. Specifically, this review aims to provide insights into the following aspects: 1) the biological (plant, animal, and microbial) and nonbiological (metal catalysis and photodegradation) conversion of PBDEs and their derivatives in landfills and surrounding areas; 2) the distribution of landfill-sourced PBDEs in the soil, groundwater, atmosphere and cross-media migration; and 3) suggestions and future research directions for the management and control of PBDEs in landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China.
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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8
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Śmiełowska M, Zabiegała B. Current trends in analytical strategies for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in samples with different matrix compositions – Part 1.: Screening of new developments in sample preparation. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Smythe TA, Mattioli LC, Letcher RJ. Distribution behaviour in body compartments and in ovo transfer of flame retardants in North American Great Lakes herring gulls. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114306. [PMID: 32163809 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and other halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) continue to be an environmental concern. In the Laurentian Great Lakes, herring gulls (Larus argentatus) are an important wildlife sentinel species, although very little information is available regarding the body distribution (limited to e.g. liver and blood) of these contaminants and in relation to depuration via in ovo transfer. Maternal transfer rates and distribution were presently determined in six body compartments from eight female, Great Lakes herring gulls and separate egg compartments from their entire clutch. Among the 25 PBDEs and 23 non-PBDE HFRs assessed, only six PBDE congeners (BDE-47/99/100/153/154/209), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), and Dechlorane Plus (syn- and anti-DDC-CO) were frequently detectable and quantifiable. Σ6BDE concentrations were an order of magnitude greater than non-PBDE HFR concentrations, and were greatest in the adipose (9641 ± 2436 ng/g ww), followed by egg yolk (699 ± 139 ng/g ww) > muscle (332 ± 545 ng/g ww) > liver (221 ± 65 ng/g ww) > plasma (85.4 ± 20.4 ng/g ww) > brain (54.6 ± 10.6 ng/g ww) > red blood cells (RBCs; 23.5 ± 5.6 ng/g ww) > albumen (7.3 ± 1.3 ng/g ww). Σ2DDC-CO and HBCDD were frequently below the method limit of quantification in the brain, RBCs, plasma, and albumen. Additionally, novel methoxylated-polybrominated diphenoxybenzene contaminants were detected and quantified in herring gull tissues and eggs. The primary difference in PBDE congener profiles was the resistance of both BDE-153 and -154 towards accumulation in the brain, and a corresponding increase in BDE-209 accumulation, which may suggest congener-specific differences in crossing the blood-brain barrier in herring gulls. Maternal transfer rates of PBDEs and non-PBDE HFRs were low (∼4.7 and ∼2.9 % respectively), suggesting that in ovo transfer is not a significant mode of depuration for these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan A Smythe
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Lisa C Mattioli
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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10
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Zhang M, Guo W, Wei J, Shi J, Zhang J, Ge H, Tao H, Liu X, Hu Q, Cai Z. Determination of newly synthesized dihydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sea fish by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124878. [PMID: 31563719 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dihydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (diOH-PBDEs) can be natural products of marine organisms or the metabolites of PBDEs. The optimal determination method and concentration of diOH-PBDEs in seafood are unknown due to a lack of commercially available standards. In the present study, diOH-PBDEs were synthesized, and an efficient measurement method for OH-PBDEs and diOH-PBDEs in sea fish muscle samples, including extraction, clean-up and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis, was established. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) followed by partitioning with a KOH solution and florisil cartridge clean-up proved to be a reliable and robust method for detecting all OH-PBDEs/diOH-PBDEs. GC-MS/MS with an electron ionization (EI) source analysis was a sensitive analytical instrument for OH-PBDEs/diOH-PBDEs. The recovery using this method ranged from 19% to 101%, 28%-88% and 42%-90% for 10 ng, 20 ng and 40 ng spiking levels, respectively. The equipment detection limits (EDLs) were in the range of 0.31-2.78 pg/μL, and the limits of detection (LOD) for the method were in the range of 5.07-38.74 pg/g wet weight. Concentrations of diOH-PBDEs in the marine fish muscle samples were in the range of 32.43-1528.63 pg/g wet weight. Similar compositions of OH-PBDEs/diOH-PBDEs were found within the same family of marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtao Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; China State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Guo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Juntong Wei
- China State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianghong Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hui Ge
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huanyu Tao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Hefei University of Technology (Xuancheng Campus) Xuancheng, China
| | - Qing Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- China State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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Green determination of brominated flame retardants and organochloride pollutants in fish oils by vortex assisted liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2019; 195:251-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Souza MCO, Rocha BA, Souza JMO, Berretta AA, Barbosa F. A Fast and Simple Procedure for Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Determination in Egg Samples by Using Microextraction by Packed Sorbent and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01484-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Cruz R, Marques A, Casal S, Cunha SC. Fast and environmental-friendly methods for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their metabolites in fish tissues and feed. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:1503-1515. [PMID: 30235635 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental-friendly, cost-effective and fast methods were developed and validated for the analysis of seven PolyBrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and eight methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs) in three distinct seafood matrices (muscle, liver and plasma) and feed using a Quick, Easy, Cheap, Efficient, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction approach for solid samples and a Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction method (DLLME) for plasma. Instrumental analyses were performed with gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry using electron impact source (GC-EI-MS/MS) and negative ion chemical ionization (GC-NICI-MS) to assess BDE-209. Statistical validation showed recoveries for all target substances near 100% with average Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) lower than 9% and recovery standards higher than 65% (average RSD below 20%). Average calculated Method Detection Limits (MDLs) were lower than 65 pg·g-1 wet weight (WW) for muscle, 5.35 ng·g-1 WW for liver, 4.50 ng·g-1 WW for feed, and 0.60 ng·mL-1 for plasma samples. Quality assurance and quality control practices were comprehensively described. Methods scored high in an analytical Eco-scale, thus being classified as "an excellent green analysis". Finally, real seafood samples collected in local markets and local fishermen were analyzed. Positive samples presented both PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs in safe amounts (0.28-125.80 ng·g-1 WW) for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Cruz
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Marques
- IPMA, Divisão de Aquacultura e Valorização, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, I.P., Avenida de Brasília, 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal; CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Casal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara C Cunha
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Preparation and characterization of dummy-template molecularly imprinted polymers as potential sorbents for the recognition of selected polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1030:77-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Anacleto P, Figueiredo C, Baptista M, Maulvault AL, Camacho C, Pousão-Ferreira P, Valente LMP, Marques A, Rosa R. Fish energy budget under ocean warming and flame retardant exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 164:186-196. [PMID: 29501006 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and chemical contamination are global environmental threats of growing concern for the scientific community and regulatory authorities. Yet, the impacts and interactions of both stressors (particularly ocean warming and emerging chemical contaminants) on physiological responses of marine organisms remain unclear and still require further understanding. Within this context, the main goal of this study was to assess, for the first time, the effects of warming (+ 5 °C) and accumulation of a polybrominated diphenyl ether congener (BDE-209, brominated flame retardant) through dietary exposure on energy budget of the juvenile white seabream (Diplodus sargus). Specifically, growth (G), routine metabolism (R), excretion (faecal, F and nitrogenous losses, U) and food consumption (C) were calculated to obtain the energy budget. The results demonstrated that the energy proportion spent for G dominated the mode of the energy allocation of juvenile white seabream (56.0-67.8%), especially under the combined effect of warming plus BDE-209 exposure. Under all treatments, the energy channelled for R varied around 26% and a much smaller percentage was channelled for excretion (F: 4.3-16.0% and U: 2.3-3.3%). An opposite trend to G was observed to F, where the highest percentage (16.0 ± 0.9%) was found under control temperature and BDE-209 exposure via diet. In general, the parameters were significantly affected by increased temperature and flame retardant exposure, where higher levels occurred for: i) wet weight, relative growth rate, protein and ash contents under warming conditions, ii) only for O:N ratio under BDE-209 exposure via diet, and iii) for feed efficiency, ammonia excretion rate, routine metabolic rate and assimilation efficiency under the combination of both stressors. On the other hand, decreased viscerosomatic index was observed under warming and lower fat content was observed under the combined effect of both stressors. Overall, under future warming and chemical contamination conditions, fish energy budget was greatly affected, which may dictate negative cascading impacts at population and community levels. Further research combining other climate change stressors (e.g. acidification and hypoxia) and emerging chemical contaminants are needed to better understand and forecast such biological effects in a changing ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Anacleto
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Guia Marine Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Cátia Figueiredo
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Guia Marine Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
| | - Miguel Baptista
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Guia Marine Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Maulvault
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Guia Marine Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Carolina Camacho
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luísa M P Valente
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Marques
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Rui Rosa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Guia Marine Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
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Hits and misses in research trends to monitor contaminants in foods. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:5331-5351. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1195-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Lorenzo M, Campo J, Picó Y. Analytical challenges to determine emerging persistent organic pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Shi Z, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Sun Z, Zhou X, Li J, Wu Y. Dietary exposure assessment of Chinese population to tetrabromobisphenol-A, hexabromocyclododecane and decabrominated diphenyl ether: Results of the 5th Chinese Total Diet Study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 229:539-547. [PMID: 28688304 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Based on the 5th Chinese Total Diet Study (TDS) carried out in 2011, the dietary exposure of Chinese population to three currently used brominated flame retardants (BFRs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209), was estimated and the related health risks were assessed. Levels of the three BFRs were determined in 80 composite samples from four animal-origin food groups. The average levels of BFRs in various food groups ranged from 0.671 to 5.76 ng/g lipid weight (lw). The levels of TBBPA were lower than those of HBCD but higher than those of BDE-209. Moreover, average contamination levels of TBBPA and HBCD in TDS 2011 were found to be 3 to 30 times higher than those observed in TDS 2007 in the four food groups, indicating an increase in TBBPA and HBCD in the environment during 2007-2011. The average estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of TBBPA, HBCD and BDE-209 via food consumption for a "standard Chinese man" were 1.34, 1.51 and 0.96 ng/kg bw/day, respectively. Meat and meat products were found to be the major contributor to the daily dietary intake because the consumption of meat and meat products were significantly higher than that of other food groups in China. In comparison, the levels and EDIs of BFRs in this study were found to be higher than those in most studies worldwide. However, the large margin of exposure (MOE), with at least 1.1 × 105 calculated following the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) approach, indicates that the estimated dietary exposure to these three BFRs is unlikely to raise significant health concerns. In addition, a comparison between the contamination levels of TBBPA, HBCD, BDE-209 and some novel BFRs in food samples from TDS 2011 indicated an obvious shift in the industrial production and usage pattern between PBDE and non-PBDE BFRs in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Shi
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Yongning Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
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Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Organic Contaminants in Environmental and Food Samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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