1
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Boza JM, Manning JC, Erickson DC. Comparison and Optimization of Simple DNA Extraction Methods for LAMP-Based Point-of-Care Applications Employing Submillimeter Skin Biopsies. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:38855-38863. [PMID: 39310140 PMCID: PMC11411550 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c05025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has gained particular attention for point-of-care (POC) applications due to its advantages over traditional nucleic acid testing approaches. However, a prevailing limitation of LAMP in POC applications is nucleic acid extraction from the sample prior to analysis. This is particularly true for complex samples such as submillimeter skin biopsies where lysis and digestion involve intricate and lengthy procedures. The objective of this study was to compare alternative methodologies against the spin-column laboratory standard and evaluate them based on the World Health Organization ASSURED criteria for POC testing. Four methods-magnetic bead extraction, alkaline extraction, proteinase K-heat inactivation extraction, and boiling method extraction-were optimized utilizing porcine skin submillimeter punch biopsies and subsequently validated on human skin. Results show that both alkaline extraction and proteinase K-heat inactivation produce DNA yields equivalent to or higher than the spin-column method in porcine and human skin. When evaluated against the ASSURED criteria, both methods demonstrated low complexity while being highly scalable and readily accessible. Overall, this comparative study established a robust framework for selecting DNA extraction methods for submillimeter skin biopsies in POC applications. It also underscored the performance of the alkaline extraction method based on the ASSURED criteria, providing equivalent DNA yields to laboratory standards with reduced complexity and potential for cost-effective scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Boza
- Meinig
School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Jason Cade Manning
- Meinig
School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - David C. Erickson
- Sibley
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- Division
of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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2
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Nguyen N, Van TV, Nguyen T. The synergy of nucleic acid amplification and miniaturized systems in enhancing liquid biopsy applications. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:499-504. [PMID: 38380670 PMCID: PMC11299790 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Nguyen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam & Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Toi Vo Van
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam & Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- Shared Research Facilities, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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3
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Wang Y, Chen J, Yang Z, Wang X, Zhang Y, Chen M, Ming Z, Zhang K, Zhang D, Zheng L. Advances in Nucleic Acid Assays for Infectious Disease: The Role of Microfluidic Technology. Molecules 2024; 29:2417. [PMID: 38893293 PMCID: PMC11173870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Within the fields of infectious disease diagnostics, microfluidic-based integrated technology systems have become a vital technology in enhancing the rapidity, accuracy, and portability of pathogen detection. These systems synergize microfluidic techniques with advanced molecular biology methods, including reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), have been successfully used to identify a diverse array of pathogens, including COVID-19, Ebola, Zika, and dengue fever. This review outlines the advances in pathogen detection, attributing them to the integration of microfluidic technology with traditional molecular biology methods and smartphone- and paper-based diagnostic assays. The cutting-edge diagnostic technologies are of critical importance for disease prevention and epidemic surveillance. Looking ahead, research is expected to focus on increasing detection sensitivity, streamlining testing processes, reducing costs, and enhancing the capability for remote data sharing. These improvements aim to achieve broader coverage and quicker response mechanisms, thereby constructing a more robust defense for global public health security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jingwei Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhijin Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xuanyu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yule Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Mengya Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zizhen Ming
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Kaihuan Zhang
- 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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4
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Strachan S, Chakraborty M, Sallam M, Bhuiyan SA, Ford R, Nguyen NT. Maximising Affordability of Real-Time Colorimetric LAMP Assays. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2101. [PMID: 38004958 PMCID: PMC10673270 DOI: 10.3390/mi14112101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Molecular diagnostics have become indispensable in healthcare, agriculture, and environmental monitoring. This diagnostic form can offer rapid and precise identification of pathogens and biomarkers. However, traditional laboratory-based molecular testing methods can be expensive and require specialised training, limiting their accessibility in resource-limited settings and on-site applications. To overcome these challenges, this study proposes an innovative approach to reducing costs and complexity in portable colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) devices. The research evaluates different resistive heating systems to create an energy-efficient, cost-effective, and compact device to heat a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) block for precise temperature control during LAMP reactions. By combining this novel heating system with an off-the-shelf red-green-blue (RGB) sensor to detect and quantify colour changes, the integrated system can accurately detect Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, the bacteria responsible for ratoon stunting disease (RSD) in sugarcane. The experimental validation of this system demonstrates its ability to detect the target pathogen in real time, making it an important development for low cost, portable, and easy-to-use molecular diagnostics in healthcare, agriculture, and environmental monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Strachan
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (M.C.); (M.S.); (R.F.)
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (S.A.B.); (N.-T.N.)
| | - Moutoshi Chakraborty
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (M.C.); (M.S.); (R.F.)
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Mohamed Sallam
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (M.C.); (M.S.); (R.F.)
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (S.A.B.); (N.-T.N.)
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Shamsul A. Bhuiyan
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (S.A.B.); (N.-T.N.)
- Sugar Research Australia, Woodford, QLD 4514, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ford
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (M.C.); (M.S.); (R.F.)
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (S.A.B.); (N.-T.N.)
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5
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Prinz Setter O, Jiang X, Segal E. Rising to the surface: capturing and detecting bacteria by rationally-designed surfaces. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 83:102969. [PMID: 37494819 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Analytical microbiology has made substantial progress since its conception, starting from potato slices, through selective agar media, to engineered surfaces modified with capture probes. While the latter represents the dominant approach in designing sensors for bacteria detection, the importance of sensor surface properties is frequently ignored. Herein, we highlight their significant role in the complex process of bacterial transition from planktonic to sessile, representing the first and critical step in bacteria detection. We present the main surface features and discuss their effect on the bio-solid interface and the resulting sensing capabilities for both flat and particulate systems. The concepts of rationally-designed surfaces for enhanced bacterial detection are presented with recent examples of sensors (capture probe-free) relying solely on surface cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Prinz Setter
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 3200003 Haifa, Israel; The Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 3200003 Haifa, Israel.
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6
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Nguyen T, Vinayaka AC, Huynh VN, Linh QT, Andreasen SZ, Golabi M, Bang DD, Møller JK, Wolff A. PATHPOD - A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based point-of-care system for rapid clinical detection of SARS-CoV-2 in hospitals in Denmark. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2023; 392:134085. [PMID: 37304211 PMCID: PMC10245468 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2023.134085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive and rapid detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a vital goal in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We present in this comprehensive work, for the first time, detailed fabrication and clinical validation of a point of care (PoC) device for rapid, onsite detection of SARS-CoV-2 using a real-time reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) reaction on a polymer cartridge. The PoC system, namely PATHPOD, consisting of a standalone device (weight less than 1.2 kg) and a cartridge, can perform the detection of 10 different samples and two controls in less than 50 min, which is much more rapid than the golden standard real-time reverse-transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), typically taking 16-48 h. The novel total internal reflection (TIR) scheme and the reactions inside the cartridge in the PoC device allow monitoring of the diagnostic results in real-time and onsite. The analytical sensitivity and specificity of the PoC test are comparable with the current RT-PCR, with a limit of detection (LOD) down to 30-50 viral genome copies. The robustness of the PATHPOD PoC system has been confirmed by analyzing 398 clinical samples initially examined in two hospitals in Denmark. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of these tests are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trieu Nguyen
- BioLabChip Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Aaydha Chidambara Vinayaka
- Laboratory of Applied Micro and Nanotechnology (LAMINATE), Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Van Ngoc Huynh
- BioLabChip Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Quyen Than Linh
- BioLabChip Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sune Zoëga Andreasen
- BioLabChip Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mohsen Golabi
- Laboratory of Applied Micro and Nanotechnology (LAMINATE), Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dang Duong Bang
- Laboratory of Applied Micro and Nanotechnology (LAMINATE), Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens Kjølseth Møller
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle Hospital, Beriderbakken 4, DK-7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Anders Wolff
- BioLabChip Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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7
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Yedire SG, Hosseini II, Shieh H, Khorrami Jahromi A, AbdelFatah T, Jalali M, Mahshid S. Additive manufacturing leveraged microfluidic setup for sample to answer colorimetric detection of pathogens. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4134-4145. [PMID: 37656450 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00429e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Colorimetric readout for the detection of infectious diseases is gaining traction at the point of care/need owing to its ease of analysis and interpretation, and integration potential with highly specific loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) assays. However, coupling colorimetric readout with LAMP is rife with challenges including, rapidity, inter-user variability, colorimetric signal quantification, and user involvement in sequential steps of the LAMP assay, hindering its application. To address these challenges, for the first time, we propose a remotely smartphone-operated automated setup consisting of (i) an additively manufactured microfluidic cartridge, (ii) a portable reflected-light imaging setup with controlled epi-illumination (PRICE) module, and (iii) a control and data analysis module. The microfluidic cartridge facilitates sample collection, lysis, mixing of amplification reagents stored on-chip, and subsequent isothermal heating for initiation of amplification in a novel way by employing tunable elastomeric chambers and auxiliary components (heaters and linear actuators). PRICE offers a new imaging setup that captures the colorimetric change of the amplification media over a plasmonic nanostructured substrate in a controlled and noise-free environment for rapid minute-scale nucleic acid detection. The control and data analysis module employs microprocessors to automate cartridge operation in tandem with the imaging module. The different device components were characterized individually and finally, as a proof of concept, SARS-CoV-2 wild-type RNA was detected with a turnaround time of 13 minutes, showing the device's clinical feasibility. The suggested automated device can be adopted in future iterations for other detection and molecular assays that require sequential fluid handling steps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hamed Shieh
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada.
| | | | - Tamer AbdelFatah
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada.
| | - Mahsa Jalali
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada.
| | - Sara Mahshid
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada
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8
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Vinayaka AC, Huynh VN, Quyen TL, Nguyen T, Golabi M, Madsen M, Bang DD, Wolff A. Validation of Point-of-Care Device for Rapid Detection of Salmonella enterica in Meat Products. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12656-12663. [PMID: 37585497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and rapid detection of pathogens in foods of animal origin has been a critical part of the One Health Action Plan of the European Union (EU). Biosensors have the potential in bringing required technologies to accomplish this on the field, wherein loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and lab-on-a-chip have proven to be ideal. We have developed a LAMP-based point-of-care (POC) device, the VETPOD, as a solution to the contemporary challenges in the rapid detection of Salmonella spp. The core technology in the VETPOD is a ready-to-use cartridge that included an injection-molded polymer chip with pyramid-shaped optical structures embedded within the chip. These pyramid-shaped optical structures direct the incident light, due to total internal reflection (TIR), through the reaction chambers to the phototransistor. The VETPOD was validated against the ISO 6579-1 reference method. A total of 310 samples were tested that included 180 Salmonella spiked samples in 6 different meat categories and 130 strains to determine the specificity. The overall results were satisfactory, wherein the VETPOD had an acceptable sensitivity (96.51%) compared to the reference (98.81%) and near perfect agreement with ISO 6579-1 with an overall Cohen's kappa of 0.94. The relative level of detection (RLOD) for the VETPOD was 1.38 CFU/25 g that was found to be 1.17 times higher than the reference. The VETPOD showed 98% precision for inclusivity and 100% precision for the exclusivity samples. The VETPOD proved as a useful alternative to detect Salmonella spp. that can be adaptable to a broader spectrum of pathogens in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaydha Chidambara Vinayaka
- Laboratory of Applied Micro and Nanotechnology (LAMINATE), DTU-Bioengineering (Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Van Ngoc Huynh
- Biolabchip Group, DTU-Bioengineering (Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Than Linh Quyen
- Biolabchip Group, DTU-Bioengineering (Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- Biolabchip Group, DTU-Bioengineering (Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Mohsen Golabi
- Laboratory of Applied Micro and Nanotechnology (LAMINATE), DTU-Bioengineering (Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Mogens Madsen
- Biolabchip Group, DTU-Bioengineering (Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Dang Duong Bang
- Laboratory of Applied Micro and Nanotechnology (LAMINATE), DTU-Bioengineering (Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Anders Wolff
- Biolabchip Group, DTU-Bioengineering (Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
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9
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AbdElFatah T, Jalali M, Yedire SG, I Hosseini I, Del Real Mata C, Khan H, Hamidi SV, Jeanne O, Siavash Moakhar R, McLean M, Patel D, Wang Z, McKay G, Yousefi M, Nguyen D, Vidal SM, Liang C, Mahshid S. Nanoplasmonic amplification in microfluidics enables accelerated colorimetric quantification of nucleic acid biomarkers from pathogens. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:922-932. [PMID: 37264088 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Deployment of nucleic acid amplification assays for diagnosing pathogens in point-of-care settings is a challenge due to lengthy preparatory steps. We present a molecular diagnostic platform that integrates a fabless plasmonic nano-surface into an autonomous microfluidic cartridge. The plasmonic 'hot' electron injection in confined space yields a ninefold kinetic acceleration of RNA/DNA amplification at single nucleotide resolution by one-step isothermal loop-mediated and rolling circle amplification reactions. Sequential flow actuation with nanoplasmonic accelerated microfluidic colorimetry and in conjugation with machine learning-assisted analysis (using our 'QolorEX' device) offers an automated diagnostic platform for multiplexed amplification. The versatility of QolorEX is demonstrated by detecting respiratory viruses: SARS-CoV-2 and its variants at the single nucleotide polymorphism level, H1N1 influenza A, and bacteria. For COVID-19 saliva samples, with an accuracy of 95% on par with quantitative polymerase chain reaction and a sample-to-answer time of 13 minutes, QolorEX is expected to advance the monitoring and rapid diagnosis of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer AbdElFatah
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mahsa Jalali
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Imman I Hosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Haleema Khan
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Seyed Vahid Hamidi
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivia Jeanne
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Myles McLean
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill Centre for Viral Diseases, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dhanesh Patel
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill Centre for Viral Diseases, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geoffrey McKay
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mitra Yousefi
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dao Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Silvia M Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill Centre for Viral Diseases, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sara Mahshid
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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10
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Abbas N, Song S, Chang MS, Chun MS. Point-of-Care Diagnostic Devices for Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Using Microfluidic Systems: A Focused Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:741. [PMID: 37504139 PMCID: PMC10377133 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections represent a serious and global threat in modern medicine; thus, it is very important to rapidly detect pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7. Once treatments are delayed after the commencement of symptoms, the patient's health quickly deteriorates. Hence, real-time detection and monitoring of infectious agents are highly critical in early diagnosis for correct treatment and safeguarding public health. To detect these pathogenic bacteria, many approaches have been applied by the biosensors community, for example, widely-used polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), culture-based method, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence. However, these approaches have drawbacks, such as time-consumption, expensive equipment, and being labor-intensive, making it critical to develop ultra-sensitive and highly selective detection. The microfluidic platform based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR), electrochemical sensing, and rolling circle amplification (RCA) offers proper alternatives capable of supplementing the technological gap for pathogen detection. Note that the microfluidic biochip allows to develop rapid, sensitive, portable, and point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tools. This review focuses on recent studies regarding accurate and rapid detection of E. coli O157:H7, with an emphasis on POC methods and devices that complement microfluidic systems. We also examine the efficient whole-body detection by employing antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which has attracted growing attention in many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseem Abbas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyeon Song
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Chang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Suk Chun
- Sensor System Research Center, Advanced Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Engineering Division, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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11
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Khan M, Zhao B, Wu W, Zhao M, Bi Y, Hu Q. Distance-based microfluidic assays for instrument-free visual point-of-care testing. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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12
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de Olazarra AS, Wang SX. Advances in point-of-care genetic testing for personalized medicine applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:031501. [PMID: 37159750 PMCID: PMC10163839 DOI: 10.1063/5.0143311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Breakthroughs within the fields of genomics and bioinformatics have enabled the identification of numerous genetic biomarkers that reflect an individual's disease susceptibility, disease progression, and therapy responsiveness. The personalized medicine paradigm capitalizes on these breakthroughs by utilizing an individual's genetic profile to guide treatment selection, dosing, and preventative care. However, integration of personalized medicine into routine clinical practice has been limited-in part-by a dearth of widely deployable, timely, and cost-effective genetic analysis tools. Fortunately, the last several decades have been characterized by tremendous progress with respect to the development of molecular point-of-care tests (POCTs). Advances in microfluidic technologies, accompanied by improvements and innovations in amplification methods, have opened new doors to health monitoring at the point-of-care. While many of these technologies were developed with rapid infectious disease diagnostics in mind, they are well-suited for deployment as genetic testing platforms for personalized medicine applications. In the coming years, we expect that these innovations in molecular POCT technology will play a critical role in enabling widespread adoption of personalized medicine methods. In this work, we review the current and emerging generations of point-of-care molecular testing platforms and assess their applicability toward accelerating the personalized medicine paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. de Olazarra
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S. X. Wang
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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13
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Tackling the issue of healthcare associated infections through point-of-care devices. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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14
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Ramírez-Coronel AA, Alameri AA, Altalbawy F, Sanaan Jabbar H, Lateef Al-Awsi GR, Iswanto AH, Altamimi AS, Shareef Mohsen K, Almulla AF, Mustafa YF. Smartphone-Facilitated Mobile Colorimetric Probes for Rapid Monitoring of Chemical Contaminations in Food: Advances and Outlook. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023; 54:2290-2308. [PMID: 36598426 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2164173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Smartphone-derived colorimetric tools have the potential to revolutionize food safety control by enabling citizens to carry out monitoring assays. To realize this, it is of paramount significance to recognize recent study efforts and figure out important technology gaps in terms of food security. Driven by international connectivity and the extensive distribution of smartphones, along with their built-in probes and powerful computing abilities, smartphone-based sensors have shown enormous potential as cost-effective and portable diagnostic scaffolds for point-of-need tests. Meantime, the colorimetric technique is of particular notice because of its benefits of rapidity, simplicity, and high universality. In this study, we tried to outline various colorimetric platforms using smartphone technology, elucidate their principles, and explore their applications in detecting target analytes (pesticide residues, antibiotic residues, metal ions, pathogenic bacteria, toxins, and mycotoxins) considering their sensitivity and multiplexing capability. Challenges and desired future perspectives for cost-effective, accurate, reliable, and multi-functions smartphone-based colorimetric tools have also been debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Laboratory of Psychometrics, Comparative Psychology and Ethology (LABPPCE), Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Ecuador and Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Ameer A Alameri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Farag Altalbawy
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Duba, Tabuk University, Duba, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hijran Sanaan Jabbar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | - Acim Heri Iswanto
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Abdulmalik S Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karrar Shareef Mohsen
- Information and Communication Technology Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Abbas F Almulla
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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15
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Nguyen T, Ahsan F. An Overview of Organ-on-a-Chip Models for Recapitulating Human Pulmonary Vascular Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1413:265-272. [PMID: 37195535 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26625-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, animal models have been used for recapitulating human physiology and for studying the pathological basis of many diseases affecting humankind. Indeed, over the centuries, animal models helped advance our understanding of the biology and pathology of drug therapy for humans. However, with the advent of genomics and pharmacogenomics, we now know that conventional models cannot accurately capture the pathological conditions and biological processes in humans, although humans share many physiological and anatomical features with many animals [1-3]. Species to species variation have raised concerns about the validity and suitability of animal models for studying human conditions. Over the past decade, the development and advances in microfabrication and biomaterials have spurred the growth in micro-engineered tissue and organ models (organs-on-a-chip, OoC) as alternatives to animal and cellular models [4]. This state-of-the-art technology has been used to emulate human physiology for investigating multitudes of cellular and biomolecular processes implicated in the pathological basis of disease (Fig. 13.1) [4]. Because of their tremendous potential, OoC-based models have been listed as one of the top 10 emerging technologies in the 2016 World Economic Forum [2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Trieu Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA
- East Bay Institute for Research and Education, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Fakhrul Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA.
- East Bay Institute for Research and Education, Mather, CA, USA.
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16
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Warr CA, Crawford NG, Nordin GP, Pitt WG. Surface Modification of 3D Printed Microfluidic Devices for Controlled Wetting in Two-Phase Flow. MICROMACHINES 2022; 14:6. [PMID: 36677067 PMCID: PMC9866927 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices (MFDs) printed in 3-D geometry using digital light projection to polymerize monomers often have surfaces that are not as hydrophobic as MFDs made from polydimethylsiloxane. Droplet microfluidics in these types of devices are subject to droplet adhesion and aqueous spreading on less hydrophobic MFD surfaces. We have developed a post-processing technique using hydrophobic monomers that renders the surfaces of these devices much more hydrophobic. The technique is fast and easy, and involves flowing monomer without initiator into the channels and then exposing the entire device to UV light that generates radicals from the initiator molecules remaining in the original 3-D polymerization. After treatment the channels can be cleared and the surface is more hydrophobic, as evidenced by higher contact angles with aqueous droplets. We hypothesize that radicals generated near the previously printed surfaces initiate polymerization of the hydrophobic monomers on the surfaces without bulk polymerization extending into the channels. The most hydrophobic surfaces were produced by treatment with an alkyl acrylate and a fluorinated acrylate. This technique could be used for surface treatment with other types of monomers to impart unique characteristics to channels in MFDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandler A. Warr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Nicole G. Crawford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Gregory P. Nordin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - William G. Pitt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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17
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An automated microfluidic system with one-dimensional beads array for multiplexed torch detection at point-of-care testing. Biomed Microdevices 2022; 24:38. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-022-00629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Silva-Neto HA, Arantes IV, Ferreira AL, do Nascimento GH, Meloni GN, de Araujo WR, Paixão TR, Coltro WK. Recent advances on paper-based microfluidic devices for bioanalysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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Das D, Lin CW, Chuang HS. LAMP-Based Point-of-Care Biosensors for Rapid Pathogen Detection. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12121068. [PMID: 36551035 PMCID: PMC9775414 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Seeking optimized infectious pathogen detection tools is of primary importance to lessen the spread of infections, allowing prompt medical attention for the infected. Among nucleic-acid-based sensing techniques, loop-mediated isothermal amplification is a promising method, as it provides rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of microbial and viral pathogens and has enormous potential to transform current point-of-care molecular diagnostics. In this review, the advances in LAMP-based point-of-care diagnostics assays developed during the past few years for rapid and sensitive detection of infectious pathogens are outlined. The numerous detection methods of LAMP-based biosensors are discussed in an end-point and real-time manner with ideal examples. We also summarize the trends in LAMP-on-a-chip modalities, such as classical microfluidic, paper-based, and digital LAMP, with their merits and limitations. Finally, we provide our opinion on the future improvement of on-chip LAMP methods. This review serves as an overview of recent breakthroughs in the LAMP approach and their potential for use in the diagnosis of existing and emerging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhrubajyoti Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Han-Sheng Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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20
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Ganguly A, Ebrahimzadeh T, Komarovsky J, Zimmern PE, De Nisco NJ, Prasad S. DigEST
: Digital plug‐n‐probe disease Endotyping Sensor Technology. Bioeng Transl Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antra Ganguly
- Department of Bioengineering University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas USA
| | - Tahmineh Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas USA
| | - Jessica Komarovsky
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas USA
| | - Philippe E. Zimmern
- Department of Urology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Nicole J. De Nisco
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas USA
| | - Shalini Prasad
- Department of Bioengineering University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas USA
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21
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Gildner TE, Eick GN, Schneider AL, Madimenos FC, Snodgrass JJ. After Theranos: Using point-of-care testing to advance measures of health biomarkers in human biology research. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23689. [PMID: 34669210 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The rise and fall of the health technology startup Theranos is emblematic of the promise and peril of point-of-care testing (POCT). Instruments that deliver immediate results from minimally invasive samples at the location of collection can provide powerful tools to deliver health data in clinical and public health contexts. Yet, POCT availability is driven largely by market interests, which limits the development of inexpensive tests for diverse health conditions that can be used in resource-limited settings. These constraints, combined with complex regulatory hurdles and substantial ethical challenges, have contributed to the underutilization of POCT in human biology research. METHODS We evaluate current POCT capabilities and limitations, discuss promising applications for POCT devices in resource-limited settings, and discuss the future of POCT. RESULTS As evidenced by publication trends, POCT platforms have rapidly advanced in recent years, gaining traction among clinicians and health researchers. We highlight POCT devices of potential interest to population-based researchers and present specific examples of POCT applications in human biology research. CONCLUSIONS Several barriers can limit POCT applications, including cost, lack of regulatory approval for non-clinical use, requirements for expensive equipment, and the dearth of validation in remote field conditions. Despite these issues, we see immense potential for emerging POCT technology capable of analyzing new sample types and used in conjunction with increasingly common technology (e.g., smart phones). We argue that the fallout from Theranos may ultimately provide an opportunity to advance POCT, leading to more ethical data collection and novel opportunities in human biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E Gildner
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Geeta N Eick
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Alaina L Schneider
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - J Josh Snodgrass
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA.,Center for Global Health, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
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22
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Xiao B, Zhao R, Wang N, Zhang J, Sun X, Chen A. Recent advances in centrifugal microfluidic chip-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Chavez‐Pineda OG, Rodriguez‐Moncayo R, Cedillo‐Alcantar DF, Guevara‐Pantoja PE, Amador‐Hernandez JU, Garcia‐Cordero JL. Microfluidic systems for the analysis of blood‐derived molecular biomarkers. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1667-1700. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oriana G. Chavez‐Pineda
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB) Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav) Monterrey Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Roberto Rodriguez‐Moncayo
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB) Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav) Monterrey Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Diana F. Cedillo‐Alcantar
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB) Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav) Monterrey Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Pablo E. Guevara‐Pantoja
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB) Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav) Monterrey Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Josue U. Amador‐Hernandez
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB) Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav) Monterrey Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Jose L. Garcia‐Cordero
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB) Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav) Monterrey Nuevo León Mexico
- Roche Institute for Translational Bioengineering (ITB) Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel Basel Switzerland
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24
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Nguyen T, Sarkar T, Tran T, Moinuddin SM, Saha D, Ahsan F. Multilayer Soft Photolithography Fabrication of Microfluidic Devices Using a Custom-Built Wafer-Scale PDMS Slab Aligner and Cost-Efficient Equipment. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13081357. [PMID: 36014279 PMCID: PMC9412704 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a robust, low-cost fabrication method for implementation in multilayer soft photolithography to create a PDMS microfluidic chip with features possessing multiple height levels. This fabrication method requires neither a cleanroom facility nor an expensive UV exposure machine. The central part of the method stays on the alignment of numerous PDMS slabs on a wafer-scale instead of applying an alignment for a photomask positioned right above a prior exposure layer using a sophisticated mask aligner. We used a manual XYZR stage attached to a vacuum tweezer to manipulate the top PDMS slab. The bottom PDMS slab sat on a rotational stage to conveniently align with the top part. The movement of the two slabs was observed by a monocular scope with a coaxial light source. As an illustration of the potential of this system for fast and low-cost multilayer microfluidic device production, we demonstrate the microfabrication of a 3D microfluidic chaotic mixer. A discussion on another alternative method for the fabrication of multiple height levels is also presented, namely the micromilling approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trieu Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
- East Bay Institute for Research & Education (EBIRE), Mather, CA 95655, USA
| | - Tanoy Sarkar
- College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Tuan Tran
- College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Sakib M. Moinuddin
- College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
- East Bay Institute for Research & Education (EBIRE), Mather, CA 95655, USA
| | - Dipongkor Saha
- College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Fakhrul Ahsan
- College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
- East Bay Institute for Research & Education (EBIRE), Mather, CA 95655, USA
- MedLuidics, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
- Correspondence:
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25
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Van Ngoc H, Quyen TL, Vinayaka AC, Bang DD, Wolff A. Point-of-care system for rapid real-time detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus based on commercially available Arduino platforms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:917573. [PMID: 35992344 PMCID: PMC9385952 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.917573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the importance of rapid, portable, and on-site testing technologies necessary for resource-limited settings for effective testing and screening to reduce spreading of the infection. Realizing this, we developed a fluorescence-based point-of-care (fPOC) detection system with real-time reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid and quantitative detection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. The system is built based on the Arduino platform compatible with commercially available open-source hardware-software and off-the-shelf electronic components. The fPOC system comprises of three main components: 1) an instrument with integrated heaters, 2) optical detection components, and 3) an injection-molded polymeric cartridge. The system was tested and experimentally proved to be able to use for fast detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in real-time in less than 30 min. Preliminary results of testing the performance of the fPOC revealed that the fPOC could detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus at a limit of detection (LOD50%) at two to three copies/microliter (15.36 copies/reaction), which was comparable to reactions run on a standard commercial thermocycler. The performance of the fPOC was evaluated with 12 SARS-CoV-2 clinical throat swab samples that included seven positive and five negative samples, as confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The fPOC showed 100% agreement with the commercial thermocycler. This simple design of the fPOC system demonstrates the potential to greatly enhance the practical applicability to develop a totally integrated point-of-care system for rapid on-site screening of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the management of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Van Ngoc
- BioLabChip Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark (DTU-Bioengineering), Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Than Linh Quyen
- BioLabChip Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark (DTU-Bioengineering), Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Aaydha Chidambara Vinayaka
- Laboratory of Applied Micro and Nanotechnology (LAMINATE), Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark (DTU-Bioengineering), Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dang Duong Bang
- Laboratory of Applied Micro and Nanotechnology (LAMINATE), Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark (DTU-Bioengineering), Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Wolff
- BioLabChip Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark (DTU-Bioengineering), Lyngby, Denmark
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26
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Cajigas S, Alzate D, Fernández M, Muskus C, Orozco J. Electrochemical genosensor for the specific detection of SARS-CoV-2. Talanta 2022; 245:123482. [PMID: 35462140 PMCID: PMC9012668 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the current pandemic. Its mortality rate increases, demonstrating the imperative need for acute and rapid diagnostic tools as an alternative to current serological tests and molecular techniques. Features of electrochemical genosensor devices make them amenable for fast and accurate testing closer to the patient. This work reports on a specific electrochemical genosensor for SARS-CoV-2 detection and discrimination against homologous respiratory viruses. The electrochemical biosensor was assembled by immobilizing thiolated capture probes on top of maleimide-coated magnetic particles, followed by specific target hybridization between the capture and biotinylated signaling probes in a sandwich-type manner. The probes were rigorously designed bioinformatically and tested in vitro. Enzymatic complexes based on streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase linked the biotinylated signaling probe to render the biosensor electrochemical response. The genosensor showed to reach a sensitivity of 174.4 μA fM−1 and a limit of detection of 807 fM when using streptavidin poly-HRP20 enzymatic complex, detected SARS-CoV-2 specifically and discriminated it against homologous viruses in spiked samples and samples from SARS-CoV-2 cell cultures, a step forward to detect SARS-CoV-2 closer to the patient as a promising way for diagnosis and surveillance of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Cajigas
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciencies, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 N° 52-20, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Daniel Alzate
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciencies, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 N° 52-20, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Maritza Fernández
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciencies, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 N° 52-20, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Carlos Muskus
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 62 N° 52-59, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciencies, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 N° 52-20, Medellín, 050010, Colombia.
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27
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Nguyen T, Ho L, Moinuddin SM, Sarkar T, Saha D, Ahsan F. Multicellular Cell Seeding on a Chip: New Design and Optimization towards Commercialization. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080587. [PMID: 36004984 PMCID: PMC9405756 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper shows both experimental and in-depth theoretical studies (including simulations and analytical solutions) on a microfluidic platform to optimize its design and use for 3D multicellular co-culture applications, e.g., creating a tissue-on-chip model for investigating diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). A tissue microfluidic chip usually has more than two channels to seed cells and supply media. These channels are often separated by barriers made of micro-posts. The optimization for the structures of these micro-posts and their spacing distances is not considered previously, especially for the aspects of rapid and cost-efficient fabrication toward scaling up and commercialization. Our experimental and theoretical (COMSOL simulations and analytical solutions) results showed the followings: (i) The cell seeding was performed successfully for this platform when the pressure drops across the two posts were significantly larger than those across the channel width. The circular posts can be used in the position of hexagonal or other shapes. (ii) In this work, circular posts are fabricated and used for the first time. They offer an excellent barrier effect, i.e., prevent the liquid and gel from migrating from one channel to another. (iii) As for rapid and cost-efficient production, our computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) simulation confirms that circular-post fabrication is much easier and more rapid than hexagonal posts when utilizing micro-machining techniques, e.g., micro-milling for creating the master mold, i.e., the shim for polymer injection molding. The findings open up a possibility for rapid, cost-efficient, large-scale fabrication of the tissue chips using micro-milling instead of expensive clean-room (soft) lithography techniques, hence enhancing the production of biochips via thermoplastic polymer injection molding and realizing commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trieu Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA; (T.N.); (L.H.); (S.M.M.); (T.S.)
- East Bay Institute for Research & Education (EBIRE), Mather, CA 95655, USA;
| | - Linh Ho
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA; (T.N.); (L.H.); (S.M.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Sakib M. Moinuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA; (T.N.); (L.H.); (S.M.M.); (T.S.)
- East Bay Institute for Research & Education (EBIRE), Mather, CA 95655, USA;
| | - Tanoy Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA; (T.N.); (L.H.); (S.M.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Dipongkor Saha
- East Bay Institute for Research & Education (EBIRE), Mather, CA 95655, USA;
| | - Fakhrul Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA; (T.N.); (L.H.); (S.M.M.); (T.S.)
- East Bay Institute for Research & Education (EBIRE), Mather, CA 95655, USA;
- MedLuidics, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
- Correspondence:
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Mao R, Wu X, Miao Q, Cai T. Asymmetric stem-loop–mediated isothermal amplification of nucleic acids for DNA diagnostic assays by simple modification of canonical PCR primers. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:931770. [PMID: 35935482 PMCID: PMC9355699 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.931770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid–based assays have been adopted as mainstream tools for clinical diagnostics, food safety, and environment monitoring with the merits of accuracy, rapidity, and sensitivity. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a well-established method to rapidly identify nucleic acids and has gained recognition and been developed for clinical applications in resource-limited areas. However, the needs for specifically designed primer sets and non-specific amplification hinder the development of LAMP-based nucleic acid tests. Here, a promoted method, termed asymmetric stem-loop–mediated isothermal amplification (ASLAMP) by simple modification of canonical PCR primers, was developed to attempt to overcome those drawbacks. The two primers in the ASLAMP reaction can be easily obtained by adding a stem-loop sequence part to one PCR primer at 5′-ends to get the folding primer (FP), then adding the same primer to the counter canonical PCR primer at 5′-ends to get the turn-back primer (TP). The ASLAMP method was demonstrated in detecting the H1N1 gene fragment with merits of simple primer design, short target sequence, and high amplification efficiency. In addition, the ASLAMP method showed similar efficacy compared with LAMP targeting at the same H1N1 gene sequence. Furthermore, Shigella detection monitored by real-time fluorescence and endpoint colorimetric approaches were taken as examples for evaluation of the practical application of the ASLAMP method, both offered 100% sensitivity and specificity. In conclusion, the novel ASLAMP method with simplicity of primer design, low requirement of equipment, efficiency, and rapidity has exhibited its great prospect for establishment of DNA isothermal amplification in point of care application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Mao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Mao, ; Ting Cai,
| | - Xinyao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Qing Miao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Mao, ; Ting Cai,
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Versatile and Easily Designable Polyester-Laser Toner Interfaces for Site-Oriented Adsorption of Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073771. [PMID: 35409130 PMCID: PMC8998940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Laser toners appear as attractive materials for barriers and easily laminated interphases for Lab-on-a-Foil microfluidics, due to the excellent adhesion to paper and various membranes or foils. This work shows for the first time a comprehensive study on the adsorption of antibodies on toner-covered poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET@toner) substrates, together with assessment of such platforms in rapid prototyping of disposable microdevices and microarrays for immunodiagnostics. In the framework of presented research, the surface properties and antibody binding capacity of PET substrates with varying levels of toner coverage (0–100%) were characterized in detail. It was proven that polystyrene-acrylate copolymer-based toner offers higher antibody adsorption efficiency compared with unmodified polystyrene and PET as well as faster adsorption kinetics. Comparative studies of the influence of pH on the effectiveness of antibodies immobilization as well as measurements of surface ζ-potential of PET, toner, and polystyrene confirmed the dominant role of hydrophobic interactions in adsorption mechanism. The applicability of PET@toner substrates as removable masks for protection of foil against permanent hydrophilization was also shown. It opens up the possibility of precise tuning of wettability and antibody binding capacity. Therefore, PET@toner foils are presented as useful platforms in the construction of immunoarrays or components of microfluidic systems.
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Căpățînă D, Feier B, Hosu O, Tertiș M, Cristea C. Analytical methods for the characterization and diagnosis of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1204:339696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ho L, Hossen N, Nguyen T, Vo A, Ahsan F. Epigenetic Mechanisms as Emerging Therapeutic Targets and Microfluidic Chips Application in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010170. [PMID: 35052850 PMCID: PMC8773438 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease that progress over time and is defined as an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance that frequently leads to right-ventricular (RV) failure and death. Epigenetic modifications comprising DNA methylation, histone remodeling, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been established to govern chromatin structure and transcriptional responses in various cell types during disease development. However, dysregulation of these epigenetic mechanisms has not yet been explored in detail in the pathology of pulmonary arterial hypertension and its progression with vascular remodeling and right-heart failure (RHF). Targeting epigenetic regulators including histone methylation, acetylation, or miRNAs offers many possible candidates for drug discovery and will no doubt be a tempting area to explore for PAH therapies. This review focuses on studies in epigenetic mechanisms including the writers, the readers, and the erasers of epigenetic marks and targeting epigenetic regulators or modifiers for treatment of PAH and its complications described as RHF. Data analyses from experimental cell models and animal induced PAH models have demonstrated that significant changes in the expression levels of multiple epigenetics modifiers such as HDMs, HDACs, sirtuins (Sirt1 and Sirt3), and BRD4 correlate strongly with proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis linked to the pathological vascular remodeling during PAH development. The reversible characteristics of protein methylation and acetylation can be applied for exploring small-molecule modulators such as valproic acid (HDAC inhibitor) or resveratrol (Sirt1 activator) in different preclinical models for treatment of diseases including PAH and RHF. This review also presents to the readers the application of microfluidic devices to study sex differences in PAH pathophysiology, as well as for epigenetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Ho
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA; (N.H.); (T.N.)
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (F.A.); Tel.: +1-916-686-7370 (L.H.); +1-916-686-3529 (F.A.)
| | - Nazir Hossen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA; (N.H.); (T.N.)
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA; (N.H.); (T.N.)
- East Bay Institute for Research & Education (EBIRE), Mather, CA 95655, USA
| | - Au Vo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Fakhrul Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA; (N.H.); (T.N.)
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (F.A.); Tel.: +1-916-686-7370 (L.H.); +1-916-686-3529 (F.A.)
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Mao R, Wang T, Zhao Y, Wu X, Zhang S, Cai T. Closed dumbbell mediated isothermal amplification of nucleic acids for DNA diagnostic assays. Talanta 2022; 240:123217. [PMID: 35033926 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid amplification tests have been widely applied in clinical diagnostics, food safety monitoring, and molecular biology. As a well-established isothermal amplification method, Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has gained recognition. However, the need for specifically designed four to six primers and non-specific amplification pose challenges for further application of LAMP based detection methods. Here, a novel isothermal amplification method, termed closed dumbbell mediated isothermal amplification (CDA) of nucleic acids, was developed. The primers are easily designed by adding two different parts of middle sequence to the canonical PCR primers at 5'-ends. CDA method was demonstrated in detecting MERS-CoV orf1a gene and H1N1 gene fragments with merits of short core primer, simple primer design process and high amplification efficiency. In addition, CDA showed excellent amplification efficacy over LAMP and competitive annealing mediated isothermal amplification (CAMP) by slight modification of primers targeting at same sequence. Furthermore, real-time and HNB based colorimetric CDA detection of Shigella were developed for practical application, both exhibited 100% success. In all, the developed CDA method with high specificity, simplicity, efficiency and rapidity has shown its great potential for point of care nucleic acids diagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Mao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China; Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China.
| | - Tianzuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China; Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China; Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Xinyao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China; Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China; Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China; Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China.
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Lee HN, Lee J, Kang YK, Lee JH, Yang S, Chung HJ. A Lateral Flow Assay for Nucleic Acid Detection Based on Rolling Circle Amplification Using Capture Ligand-Modified Oligonucleotides. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2022; 16:441-450. [PMID: 36091642 PMCID: PMC9446602 DOI: 10.1007/s13206-022-00080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a lateral flow assay (LFA) integrated with a modified isothermal nucleic acid amplification procedure for rapid and simple genetic testing. Padlock probes specific for the target DNA were designed for ligation, followed by rolling circle amplification (RCA) using capture ligand-modified oligonucleotides as primers. After hybridization with detection linker probes, the amplified target DNA is flowed through an LFA membrane strip for binding of gold nanoparticles as the substrate for colorimetric detection. We established and validated the "RCA-LFA" method for detection of mecA, the antibiotic resistance gene for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The assay was optimized using various concentrations of primers and probes for RCA and LFA, respectively. The sensitivity was determined by performing RCA-LFA using various amounts of mecA target DNA, showing a detection limit of ~ 1.3 fmol. The specificity of the assay was examined using target DNAs for other resistance genes as the controls, which demonstrated positive detection signals only for mecA DNA, when added either individually or in combinations with the control targets. Furthermore, applying the RCA-LFA method using specifically designed probes for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and receptor binding domain (RBD) gene for SARS-CoV-2, which demonstrated feasibility of the method for viral gene targets. The current method suggests a useful platform which can be universally applied for various nucleic acid targets, allowing rapid and sensitive diagnosis at point-of-care. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13206-022-00080-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Neul Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Kyung Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hoon Lee
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungju Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Latent potential of current plant diagnostics for detection of sugarcane diseases. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Padzil F, Mariatulqabtiah AR, Tan WS, Ho KL, Isa NM, Lau HY, Abu J, Chuang KP. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) as a Promising Point-of-Care Diagnostic Strategy in Avian Virus Research. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010076. [PMID: 35011181 PMCID: PMC8744981 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Many of the existing screening methods of avian viruses depend on clinical symptoms and pathological gross examinations that still necessitate confirmatory microscopic testing. Confirmation of a virus is often conducted at centralized laboratories that are well-equipped with instruments for virus isolation, hemagglutinin inhibition, virus neutralization, ELISA, PCR and qPCR. These assays are known for their great accuracy and sensitivity, and hence are set as standard practices. Nevertheless, limitations arise due to the time, cost and on-site applicability. As the technology progresses, molecular diagnostics should be more accessible to isolated areas and even practicable for use by non-skilled personnel such as farmers and private breeders. One of the point-of-care diagnostic strategies to consider for such matters is loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Abstract Over the years, development of molecular diagnostics has evolved significantly in the detection of pathogens within humans and their surroundings. Researchers have discovered new species and strains of viruses, while mitigating the viral infections that occur, owing to the accessibility of nucleic acid screening methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative (real-time) polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and reverse-transcription qPCR (RT-qPCR). While such molecular detection methods are widely utilized as the benchmark, the invention of isothermal amplifications has also emerged as a reliable tool to improvise on-field diagnosis without dependence on thermocyclers. Among the established isothermal amplification technologies are loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), recombinant polymerase amplification (RPA), strand displacement activity (SDA), nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), helicase-dependent amplification (HDA) and rolling circle amplification (RCA). This review highlights the past research on and future prospects of LAMP, its principles and applications as a promising point-of-care diagnostic method against avian viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Padzil
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (F.P.); (W.S.T.); (N.M.I.)
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Razak Mariatulqabtiah
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (F.P.); (W.S.T.); (N.M.I.)
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-297-691-938
| | - Wen Siang Tan
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (F.P.); (W.S.T.); (N.M.I.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kok Lian Ho
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Nurulfiza Mat Isa
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (F.P.); (W.S.T.); (N.M.I.)
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Han Yih Lau
- Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Persiaran MARDI-UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Jalila Abu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Kuo-Pin Chuang
- International Degree Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Chen CH, Tsao YT, Yeh PT, Liao YH, Lee YT, Liao WT, Wang YC, Shen CF, Cheng CM. Detection of Microorganisms in Body Fluids via MTT-PMS Assay. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 12:46. [PMID: 35054213 PMCID: PMC8774610 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of microorganisms is essential for the management of infectious diseases. However, this is challenging, as traditional culture methods are labor-intensive and time-consuming. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide-phenazine methosulfate (MTT-PMS) assay has been used to evaluate the metabolic activity in live cells and can thus be used for detecting living microorganisms. With the addition of NaOH and Tris-EDTA, the same approach can be accelerated (within 15 min) and used for the quick detection of common bacterial pathogens. The assay results can be evaluated colorimetrically or semi-quantitatively. Here, the quick detection by MTT-PMS assay was further investigated. The assay had a detection limit of approximately 104 CFU/mL. In clinical evaluations, we used the MTT-PMS assay to detect clinical samples and bacteriuria (>105 CFU/mL). The negative predictive value of the MTT-PMS assay for determining bacteriuria was 79.59% but was 100% when the interference of abnormal blood was excluded. Thus, the MTT-PMS assay might be a potential "rule-out" tool for bacterial detection in clinical samples, at a cost of approximately USD 1 per test. Owing to its low cost, rapid results, and easy-to-use characteristics, the MTT-PMS assay may be a potential tool for microorganism detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (Y.-T.T.); (Y.-H.L.); (W.-T.L.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tsao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (Y.-T.T.); (Y.-H.L.); (W.-T.L.)
| | - Po-Ting Yeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hsiang Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (Y.-T.T.); (Y.-H.L.); (W.-T.L.)
| | - Yi-Tzu Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (Y.-T.T.); (Y.-H.L.); (W.-T.L.)
| | - Yung-Chih Wang
- National Defense Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Fen Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (Y.-T.T.); (Y.-H.L.); (W.-T.L.)
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Ivanov AV, Safenkova IV, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. The Potential Use of Isothermal Amplification Assays for In-Field Diagnostics of Plant Pathogens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112424. [PMID: 34834787 PMCID: PMC8621059 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, sensitive, and timely diagnostics are essential for protecting plants from pathogens. Commonly, PCR techniques are used in laboratories for highly sensitive detection of DNA/RNA from viral, viroid, bacterial, and fungal pathogens of plants. However, using PCR-based methods for in-field diagnostics is a challenge and sometimes nearly impossible. With the advent of isothermal amplification methods, which provide amplification of nucleic acids at a certain temperature and do not require thermocyclic equipment, going beyond the laboratory has become a reality for molecular diagnostics. The amplification stage ceases to be limited by time and instruments. Challenges to solve involve finding suitable approaches for rapid and user-friendly plant preparation and detection of amplicons after amplification. Here, we summarize approaches for in-field diagnostics of phytopathogens based on different types of isothermal amplification and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. In this review, we consider a combination of isothermal amplification methods with extraction and detection methods compatible with in-field phytodiagnostics. Molecular diagnostics in out-of-lab conditions are of particular importance for protecting against viral, bacterial, and fungal phytopathogens in order to quickly prevent and control the spread of disease. We believe that the development of rapid, sensitive, and equipment-free nucleic acid detection methods is the future of phytodiagnostics, and its benefits are already visible.
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Ferrara F, Zoupanou S, Primiceri E, Ali Z, Chiriacò MS. Beyond liquid biopsy: Toward non-invasive assays for distanced cancer diagnostics in pandemics. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 196:113698. [PMID: 34688113 PMCID: PMC8527216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy technologies have seen a significant improvement in the last decade, offering the possibility of reliable analysis and diagnosis from several biological fluids. The use of these technologies can overcome the limits of standard clinical methods, related to invasiveness and poor patient compliance. Along with this there are now mature examples of lab-on-chips (LOC) which are available and could be an emerging and breakthrough technology for the present and near-future clinical demands that provide sample treatment, reagent addition and analysis in a sample-in/answer-out approach. The possibility of combining non-invasive liquid biopsy and LOC technologies could greatly assist in the current need for minimizing exposure and transmission risks. The recent and ongoing pandemic outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, indeed, has heavily influenced all aspects of life worldwide. Ordinary tasks have been forced to switch from “in presence” to “distanced”, limiting the possibilities for a large number of activities in all fields of life outside of the home. Unfortunately, one of the settings in which physical distancing has assumed noteworthy consequences is the screening, diagnosis and follow-up of diseases. In this review, we analyse biological fluids that are easily collected without the intervention of specialized personnel and the possibility that they may be used -or not-for innovative diagnostic assays. We consider their advantages and limitations, mainly due to stability and storage and their integration into Point-of-Care diagnostics, demonstrating that technologies in some cases are mature enough to meet current clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferrara
- STMicroelectronics s.r.l., via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy; CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Sofia Zoupanou
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy; University of Salento, Dept. of Mathematics & Physics E. de Giorgi, Via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Primiceri
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Zulfiqur Ali
- University of Teesside, School of Health & Life Sciences, Healthcare Innovation Centre, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, Tees Valley, England, UK
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Nagar B, Silva WO, Girault HH. Voltammetry in Two‐Electrode Mode for Rapid Electrochemical Screening Using a Fully Printed and Flexible Multiplexer Sensor. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Nagar
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry (LEPA) Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Valais Wallis Rue de l'Industrie 17 1950 Sion Switzerland
| | - Wanderson O. Silva
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry (LEPA) Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Valais Wallis Rue de l'Industrie 17 1950 Sion Switzerland
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry (LEPA) Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Valais Wallis Rue de l'Industrie 17 1950 Sion Switzerland
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Micocci M, Gordon AL, Seo MK, Allen AJ, Davies K, Lasserson D, Thompson C, Spilsbury K, Akrill C, Heath R, Astle A, Sharpe C, Perera R, Hayward G, Buckle P. Is point-of-care testing feasible and safe in care homes in England? An exploratory usability and accuracy evaluation of a point-of-care polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2. Age Ageing 2021; 50:1464-1472. [PMID: 33884411 PMCID: PMC8083194 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Reliable rapid testing for COVID-19 is needed in care homes to reduce the risk of outbreaks and enable timely care. This study aimed to examine the usability and test performance of a point of care polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for detection of SARS-CoV-2 (POCKITTM Central) in care homes. Methods POCKITTM Central was evaluated in a purposeful sample of four UK care homes. Test agreement with laboratory real-time PCR and usability and used errors were assessed. Results No significant usability-related hazards emerged, and the sources of error identified were found to be amendable with minor changes in training or test workflow. POCKITTM Central has acceptable sensitivity and specificity based on RT-PCR as the reference standard, especially for symptomatic cases. Asymptomatic specimens showed 83.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 35.9–99.6%) positive agreement and 98.7% negative agreement (95% CI: 96.2–99.7%), with overall prevalence and bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK) of 0.965 (95% CI: 0.932– 0.999). Symptomatic specimens showed 100% (95% CI: 2.5–100%) positive agreement and 100% negative agreement (95% CI: 85.8–100%), with overall PABAK of 1. Recommendations are provided to mitigate the frequency of occurrence of the residual use errors observed. Integration pathways were discussed to identify opportunities and limitations of adopting POCKIT™ Central for screening and diagnostic testing purposes. Conclusions Point-of-care PCR testing in care homes can be considered with appropriate preparatory steps and safeguards. Further diagnostic accuracy evaluations and in-service evaluation studies should be conducted, if the test is to be implemented more widely, to build greater certainty on this initial exploratory analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam L Gordon
- Address correspondence to: Adam Gordon, Room 4113, Derby Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital. Derby DE22 3NE, UK. Tel: 01332 724668; Fax: 01332 724697.
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Bordbar MM, Sheini A, Hashemi P, Hajian A, Bagheri H. Disposable Paper-Based Biosensors for the Point-of-Care Detection of Hazardous Contaminations-A Review. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:316. [PMID: 34562906 PMCID: PMC8464915 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The fast detection of trace amounts of hazardous contaminations can prevent serious damage to the environment. Paper-based sensors offer a new perspective on the world of analytical methods, overcoming previous limitations by fabricating a simple device with valuable benefits such as flexibility, biocompatibility, disposability, biodegradability, easy operation, large surface-to-volume ratio, and cost-effectiveness. Depending on the performance type, the device can be used to analyze the analyte in the liquid or vapor phase. For liquid samples, various structures (including a dipstick, as well as microfluidic and lateral flow) have been constructed. Paper-based 3D sensors are prepared by gluing and folding different layers of a piece of paper, being more user-friendly, due to the combination of several preparation methods, the integration of different sensor elements, and the connection between two methods of detection in a small set. Paper sensors can be used in chromatographic, electrochemical, and colorimetric processes, depending on the type of transducer. Additionally, in recent years, the applicability of these sensors has been investigated in various applications, such as food and water quality, environmental monitoring, disease diagnosis, and medical sciences. Here, we review the development (from 2010 to 2021) of paper methods in the field of the detection and determination of toxic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Bordbar
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19945, Iran;
| | - Azarmidokht Sheini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shohadaye Hoveizeh Campus of Technology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Dashte Azadegan 78986, Iran;
| | - Pegah Hashemi
- Research and Development Department, Farin Behbood Tashkhis Ltd., Tehran 16471, Iran;
| | - Ali Hajian
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Hasan Bagheri
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19945, Iran;
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Zhu F, He Y, Lu Z, Fan H, Zhang T. Composite Elastomer-Enabled Rapid Photofabrication of Microfluidic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:37589-37597. [PMID: 34327981 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics, as an emerging technology, is highly dependent on the evolution of device materials and fabrication techniques. While replica molding of polydimethylsiloxane and hot embossing/injection molding of thermoplastics are most popular, they are either hard to scale up or inappropriate for laboratory-scale prototyping. Recently, photocurable resins, as a huge class of materials, have attracted extensive interest. However, very few of them can now be used in device fabrication due to the challenge in machining these materials. In response, we herein propose a novel concept of composite elastomers, which can covalently link with and consequently offer a flexible support to photocured thin films. This effect would allow most photocurable resins to be used in microfluidic device fabrication, greatly enriching the material choices for diverse applications. Moreover, the whole fabrication process becomes very simple and rapid, with an impressive throughput of at least hundreds of replicas per day. With these features, it is reasonably expected that the composite elastomer-enabled rapid photofabrication method will be very competent for laboratory prototyping, providing not only the ease of fabrication but also a possibility to select the materials specifically for ultimate applications and promising potential for volume production without the redevelopment process. These may offer a good opportunity to narrow the current gap between academic research and industrial practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futianchun Zhu
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yu He
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Zefan Lu
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Hongliang Fan
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Hygiene, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310023, China
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Zoupanou S, Volpe A, Primiceri E, Gaudiuso C, Ancona A, Ferrara F, Chiriacò MS. SMILE Platform: An Innovative Microfluidic Approach for On-Chip Sample Manipulation and Analysis in Oral Cancer Diagnosis. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12080885. [PMID: 34442507 PMCID: PMC8401059 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer belongs to the group of head and neck cancers, and, despite its large diffusion, it suffers from low consideration in terms of prevention and early diagnosis. The main objective of the SMILE platform is the development of a low-cost device for oral cancer early screening with features of high sensitivity, specificity, and ease of use, with the aim of reaching a large audience of possible users and realizing real prevention of the disease. To achieve this goal, we realized two microfluidic devices exploiting low-cost materials and processes. They can be used in combination or alone to obtain on-chip sample preparation and/or detection of circulating tumor cells, selected as biomarkers of oral cancer. The realized devices are completely transparent with plug-and-play features, obtained thanks to a highly customized architecture which enables users to easily use them, with potential for a common use among physicians or dentists with minimal training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Zoupanou
- Department of Mathematics & Physics E. de Giorgi, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
- CNR NANOTEC—Institute of Nanotechnology, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Volpe
- Physics Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.V.); (C.G.); (A.A.)
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), National Council of Research of Italy (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Gaudiuso
- Physics Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.V.); (C.G.); (A.A.)
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), National Council of Research of Italy (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Ancona
- Physics Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.V.); (C.G.); (A.A.)
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), National Council of Research of Italy (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrara
- CNR NANOTEC—Institute of Nanotechnology, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
- STMicroelectronics s.r.l., Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Maria Serena Chiriacò
- CNR NANOTEC—Institute of Nanotechnology, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (M.S.C.)
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Rapid diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 virus: point-of-care testing and lessons learned during the pandemic. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:1165-1167. [PMID: 34286599 PMCID: PMC8320651 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Gao J, He S, Nag A, Wong JWC. A Review of the Use of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene-Based Sensors for the Detection of Aflatoxin M1 Compounds in Milk. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3602. [PMID: 34064254 PMCID: PMC8196808 DOI: 10.3390/s21113602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive review of the detection of aflatoxin compounds using carbon allotrope-based sensors. Although aflatoxin M1 and its derivative aflatoxin B1 compounds have been primarily found in milk and other food products, their presence above a threshold concentration causes disastrous health-related anomalies in human beings, such as growth impairment, underweight and even carcinogenic and immunosuppressive effects. Among the many sensors developed to detect the presence of these compounds, the employment of certain carbon allotropes, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene, has been highly preferred due to their enhanced electromechanical properties. These conductive nanomaterials have shown excellent quantitative performance in terms of sensitivity and selectivity for the chosen aflatoxin compounds. This paper elucidates some of the significant examples of the CNTs and graphene-based sensors measuring Aflatoxin M1 (ATM1) and Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) compounds at low concentrations. The fabrication technique and performance of each of the sensors are shown here, as well as some of the challenges existing with the current sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrong Gao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Shan He
- Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Anindya Nag
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 251600, China
| | - Jonathan Woon Chung Wong
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong, China;
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Zhu L, Wang Z, Xia H, Yu H. Design and Fabrication of the Vertical-Flow Bioreactor for Compaction Hepatocyte Culture in Drug Testing Application. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11050160. [PMID: 34069382 PMCID: PMC8158682 DOI: 10.3390/bios11050160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The perfusion culture of primary hepatocytes has been widely adopted to build bioreactors for various applications. As a drug testing platform, a unique vertical-flow bioreactor (VfB) array was found to create the compaction culture of hepatocytes which mimicked the mechanic microenvironment in vivo while maintaining the 3D cell morphology in a 2D culture setup and enhancing the hepatic functions for a sustained culture. Here, we report the methodology in designing and fabricating the VfB to reach ideal bioreactor requirements, optimizing the VfB as a prototype for drug testing, and to demonstrate the enhanced hepatic function so as to demonstrate the performance of the bioreactor. This device enables the modular, scalable, and manufacturable construction of a functional drug testing platform through the sustained maintenance of model cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhu
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-04 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore; (L.Z.); (H.X.)
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab, #05-01, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore;
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), The Nanos, #04-01, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Zhenfeng Wang
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab, #05-01, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore;
| | - Huanming Xia
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-04 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore; (L.Z.); (H.X.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei St., Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Hanry Yu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab, #05-01, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore;
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), The Nanos, #04-01, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, MD9-04-11, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #10-01 CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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Rimsa R, Galvanovskis A, Plume J, Rumnieks F, Grindulis K, Paidere G, Erentraute S, Mozolevskis G, Abols A. Lung on a Chip Development from Off-Stoichiometry Thiol-Ene Polymer. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:546. [PMID: 34064627 PMCID: PMC8151799 DOI: 10.3390/mi12050546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current in vitro models have significant limitations for new respiratory disease research and rapid drug repurposing. Lung on a chip (LOAC) technology offers a potential solution to these problems. However, these devices typically are fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which has small hydrophobic molecule absorption, which hinders the application of this technology in drug repurposing for respiratory diseases. Off-stoichiometry thiol-ene (OSTE) is a promising alternative material class to PDMS. Therefore, this study aimed to test OSTE as an alternative material for LOAC prototype development and compare it to PDMS. We tested OSTE material for light transmission, small molecule absorption, inhibition of enzymatic reactions, membrane particle, and fluorescent dye absorption. Next, we microfabricated LOAC devices from PDMS and OSTE, functionalized with human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) and A549 cell lines, and analyzed them with immunofluorescence. We demonstrated that compared to PDMS, OSTE has similar absorption of membrane particles and effect on enzymatic reactions, significantly lower small molecule absorption, and lower light transmission. Consequently, the immunofluorescence of OSTE LOAC was significantly impaired by OSTE optical properties. In conclusion, OSTE is a promising material for LOAC, but optical issues should be addressed in future LOAC prototypes to benefit from the material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberts Rimsa
- Institute of Solid-State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga Str., LV-1063 Riga, Latvia; (R.R.); (K.G.); (G.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Artis Galvanovskis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str 1, k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.G.); (J.P.); (F.R.); (S.E.)
| | - Janis Plume
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str 1, k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.G.); (J.P.); (F.R.); (S.E.)
| | - Felikss Rumnieks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str 1, k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.G.); (J.P.); (F.R.); (S.E.)
| | - Karlis Grindulis
- Institute of Solid-State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga Str., LV-1063 Riga, Latvia; (R.R.); (K.G.); (G.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Gunita Paidere
- Institute of Solid-State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga Str., LV-1063 Riga, Latvia; (R.R.); (K.G.); (G.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Sintija Erentraute
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str 1, k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.G.); (J.P.); (F.R.); (S.E.)
| | - Gatis Mozolevskis
- Institute of Solid-State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga Str., LV-1063 Riga, Latvia; (R.R.); (K.G.); (G.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Arturs Abols
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str 1, k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (A.G.); (J.P.); (F.R.); (S.E.)
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Golabi M, Flodrops M, Grasland B, Vinayaka AC, Quyen TL, Nguyen T, Bang DD, Wolff A. Development of Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Rapid and On-Site Detection of Avian Influenza Virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:652048. [PMID: 33954120 PMCID: PMC8092359 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.652048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) outbreaks occur frequently worldwide, causing a potential public health risk and great economic losses to poultry industries. Considering the high mutation rate and frequent genetic reassortment between segments in the genome of AIVs, emerging new strains are a real threat that may infect and spread through the human population, causing a pandemic. Therefore, rapid AIV diagnostic tests are essential tools for surveillance and assessing virus spreading. Real-time reverse transcription PCR (rRT-PCR), targeting the matrix gene, is the main official standard test for AIV detection, but the method requires well-equipped laboratories. Reverse transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) has been reported as a rapid method and an alternative to PCR in pathogen detection. The high mutation rate in the AIV genome increases the risk of false negative in nucleic acid amplification methods for detection, such as PCR and LAMP, due to possible mismatched priming. In this study, we analyzed 800 matrix gene sequences of newly isolated AIV in the EU and designed a highly efficient LAMP primer set that covers all AIV subtypes. The designed LAMP primer set was optimized in real-time RT-LAMP (rRT-LAMP) assay. The rRT-LAMP assay detected AIV samples belonging to nine various subtypes with the specificity and sensitivity comparable to the official standard rRT-PCR assay. Further, a two-color visual detection RT-LAMP assay protocol was adapted with the aim to develop on-site diagnostic tests. The on-site testing successfully detected spiked AIV in birds oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs samples at a concentration as low as 100.8 EID50 per reaction within 30 minutes including sample preparation. The results revealed a potential of this newly developed rRT-LAMP assay to detect AIV in complex samples using a simple heat treatment step without the need for RNA extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Golabi
- Laboratory of Applied Micro and Nanotechnology (LAMINATE), Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marion Flodrops
- Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unit of Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Beatrice Grasland
- Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unit of Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Aaydha C Vinayaka
- Laboratory of Applied Micro and Nanotechnology (LAMINATE), Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Than Linh Quyen
- BioLabChip Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- BioLabChip Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dang Duong Bang
- Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unit of Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Anders Wolff
- BioLabChip Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Shu B, Lin L, Wu B, Huang E, Wang Y, Li Z, He H, Lei X, Xu B, Liu D. A pocket-sized device automates multiplexed point-of-care RNA testing for rapid screening of infectious pathogens. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 181:113145. [PMID: 33752027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Rapid screening of infectious pathogens at the point-of-care (POC) is ideally low-cost, portable, easy to use, and capable of multiplex detection with high sensitivity. However, satisfying all these features in a single device without compromise remains a challenging task. Here, we introduce an ultraportable, automated RNA amplification testing device that allows rapid screening of infectious pathogens from clinical samples. In this device, 3D-printed structural parts incorporated with off-the-shelf mechanic/electronic components are utilized to create an inexpensive and automated droplet manipulation platform. On this platform, a simple configuration that couples a linear displacement of the chip with a tunable magnet array allows parallel and versatile droplet operations, including mixing, splitting, transporting, and merging. By exploiting a multi-channel droplet array chip to preload necessary reagents in "water-in-oil" format, bacteria lysis, RNA extraction and amplification are seamlessly integrated and implemented by the combination of droplet operations. Furthermore, visual readout and geometrically-multiplexed quantitative detection are provided by an integrated wireless video camera-enabled wide-field fluorescence imaging. We demonstrated that this droplet-based device could have a shorter RNA extraction time (12 min) and lower detection limits for pathogenic RNA (approaching to 102 copies per reaction). We also verified its clinical applicability for the rapid screening of four sexually transmitted pathogens from urine specimens. Results show that the sample-to-answer assay could be completed in approximately 42 min, with 100% concordance with the laboratory-based molecular testing. The exhibiting features may render this microdevice an easily accessible POC molecular diagnostic platform for infectious disease, especially in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Shu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Clinical Molecular Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Microfluidic Chip Medical Diagnosis, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Clinical Molecular Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Microfluidic Chip Medical Diagnosis, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Enqi Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Clinical Molecular Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Microfluidic Chip Medical Diagnosis, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Zhujun Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Haoyan He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Xiuxia Lei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Clinical Molecular Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Banglao Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Clinical Molecular Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510180, China.
| | - Dayu Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Clinical Molecular Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Microfluidic Chip Medical Diagnosis, Guangzhou, 510180, China.
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Zoupanou S, Chiriacò MS, Tarantini I, Ferrara F. Innovative 3D Microfluidic Tools for On-Chip Fluids and Particles Manipulation: From Design to Experimental Validation. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12020104. [PMID: 33494413 PMCID: PMC7912382 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Micromixers are essential components in lab-on-a-chip devices, of which the low efficiency can limit many bio-application studies. Effective mixing with automation capabilities is still a crucial requirement. In this paper, we present a method to fabricate a three-dimensional (3D) poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) fluidic mixer by combining computer-aided design (CAD), micromilling technology, and experimental application via manipulating fluids and nanoparticles. The entire platform consists of three microfabricated layers with a bottom reservoir-shaped microchannel, a central serpentine channel, and a through-hole for interconnection and an upper layer containing inlets and outlet. The sealing process of the three layers and the high-precision and customizable methods used for fabrication ensure the realization of the monolithic 3D architecture. This provides buried running channels able to perform passive chaotic mixing and dilution functions, thanks to a portion of the pathway in common between the reservoir and serpentine layers. The possibility to plug-and-play micropumping systems allows us to easily demonstrate the feasibility and working features of our device for tracking the mixing and dilution performances of the micromixer by using colored fluids and fluorescent nanoparticles as the proof of concept. Exploiting the good transparency of the PMMA, spatial liquid composition and better control over reaction variables are possible, and the real-time monitoring of experiments under a fluorescence microscope is also allowed. The tools shown in this paper are easily integrable in more complex lab-on-chip platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Zoupanou
- CNR NANOTEC—Institute of Nanotechnology, via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
- Department of Mathematics & Physics E. de Giorgi, via Arnesano, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Maria Serena Chiriacò
- CNR NANOTEC—Institute of Nanotechnology, via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.S.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Iolena Tarantini
- Department of Mathematics & Physics E. de Giorgi, via Arnesano, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Francesco Ferrara
- CNR NANOTEC—Institute of Nanotechnology, via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
- STMicroelectronics S.R.L., via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.S.C.); (F.F.)
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