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Paudel PK, Dhakal S, Sharma S. Pathways of ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction: A global review of empirical evidence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172721. [PMID: 38663630 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Ecosystems provide valuable services in reducing the risks of disasters through various pathways, which are increasingly recognized as sustainable strategies for disaster management. However, there remains limited information on the underlying ecological processes of risk reduction. This paper addresses this gap by synthesizing ecological mechanisms and evaluating the 'level of evidence' and 'scale of use' through a review of 64 peer-reviewed research articles published between 2015 to 2022. These research articles covered nine types of disasters, predominantly floods (42.19 %), followed by urban heat waves (18.75 %), storm runoff (10.94 %), coastal erosion (9.38 %), tsunamis (4.69 %), and avalanches and landslides (6.25 % each). The level of evidence supporting ecological processes for disaster risk reduction is moderate, as is the 'scale of use'. Results show that there are a few studies describing the mechanism of ecosystem-mediated risk reduction and are mostly limited to the causal relationship. Empirical evidence demonstrates that forest and freshwater ecosystems buffer the risk of urban heat through processes such as transpiration, solar radiation interception, and evaporative cooling, while flood risks are mitigated by enhancing evapotranspiration, reducing water runoff time, and facilitating infiltration rates. Coastal erosion is reduced by dissipating wave energy and through beach nourishment, which facilitates ecological succession. The review underscores that hazard attenuation depends on factors such as forest type (e.g., species composition, age structure, and area), and landscape characteristics (e.g., matrix, composition and configuration). Moreover, the geographic scope of published research is largely confined to developed countries and the global north. Multidisciplinary research involving ecologists and disaster experts is imperative to address existing knowledge gaps and enhance the integration of ecosystem-based adaptation into disaster risk reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Kumar Paudel
- Center for Conservation Biology, Kathmandu Institute of Applied Sciences, PO Box 23002, Kathmandu, Nepal; Society for Conservation Biology Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Saraswati Dhakal
- Center for Conservation Biology, Kathmandu Institute of Applied Sciences, PO Box 23002, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shailendra Sharma
- Center for Conservation Biology, Kathmandu Institute of Applied Sciences, PO Box 23002, Kathmandu, Nepal
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2
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Carpio AJ, Laguna E, Pascual-Rico R, Martínez-Jauregui M, Guerrero-Casado J, Vicente J, Soriguer RC, Acevedo P. The prohibition of recreational hunting of wild ungulates in Spanish National Parks: Challenges and opportunities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171363. [PMID: 38432372 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
A new regulation has led to the prohibition of recreational hunting on estates located within Spanish National Parks (NPs). Before the ban, eleven NPs in Spain had already reported negative ecological consequences associated with high densities of wild ungulates. The new situation that has occurred after the ban signifies that policies with which to control populations of wild ungulates in NPs, most of which do not have a sufficient natural capacity to regulate populations, depend exclusively on the parks' authorities. The banning of recreational hunting implies a series of social, ecological, economic and logistic challenges. The control of wild ungulate populations in NPs requires: i) the legal basis for culling; ii) social acceptance as regards removing animals and the extractive procedures employed in NPs; iii) the long-term monitoring of wild ungulates and the damages that they cause, and iv) sufficient financial and human resources. A more integrated management and policy plan is, therefore, required, which should be supported by two pillars: i) the sustainability of natural resources and the conservation of functional environments, and ii) providing society with explanations regarding the need to manage wild ungulates. In order to bridge the potential gap between these key pillars, it is important to involve stakeholders in the decision-making processes concerning wild ungulate management. The forthcoming changes in Spanish NPs provide a promising opportunity to make a substantial improvement to wild ungulate management in these protected areas. This management approach could, moreover, serve as an example and be transferred to other protected spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Carpio
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), Ronda Toledo 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Laguna
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), Ronda Toledo 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Roberto Pascual-Rico
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), Ronda Toledo 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - María Martínez-Jauregui
- National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Forest Research Centre (CIFOR), Ctra. de La Coruña km. 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Guerrero-Casado
- Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Charles Darwin, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Spain.
| | - Joaquín Vicente
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), Ronda Toledo 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Ramón C Soriguer
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Av. Américo Vespucio, s.n, E-41092 Sevilla,Spain.
| | - Pelayo Acevedo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), Ronda Toledo 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Pereñíguez JM, Alós J, Aspillaga E, Rojo I, Calò A, Hackradt C, Hernández-Andreu R, Mourre B, García-Charton JA. Intense scuba diving does not alter activity patterns of predatory reef fish: Evidence from a protected tourism hotspot. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118491. [PMID: 37390579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The rise of nature-based tourism has provided a new avenue for disturbing animal behaviour, especially in protected areas. One of the most important tourism sectors in aquatic environments is scuba diving, an activity considered sustainable given its non-extractive nature and capability of bringing relevant socio-economic benefits to local communities. However, knowledge about its impact on the activity patterns of aquatic animals is still scarce. Here, we used biotelemetry techniques to assess the importance of scuba diving in modulating the activity patterns of the dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus, Lowe, 1834), a marine predatory fish of high interest for fishing and tourism. We implemented Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) on high-resolution acceleration data using a temporal and spatial control while controlling for a set of environmental variables (i.e. photoperiod, time-of-day, moon phase, temperature, wave height, and intensity and direction of marine currents) within a multiple-use marine protected area, and diving tourism hot-spot, of the western Mediterranean Sea. Our results underlined the more decisive influence of environmental-related stressors on the activity patterns of the dusky grouper compared to the impact of scuba diving. A high heterogeneity existed in the response against most of the stressors, including the presence of scuba divers. Overall, the activity of dusky grouper was higher at night than at day, showing a positive relationship with wave height, water temperature, and current intensity and a negative one with the moon phase. Remarkably, our findings, based on novel biotelemetry tools, differed substantially from the common wisdom accepted for this species. In conclusion, there is no clear evidence of scuba divers influence on the general activity patterns of the dusky grouper. Beyond their relevance from an ecological perspective, these results provide useful insights for the sustainable management of coastal resources, suggesting that scuba diving, when properly carried out, can represent an important sector to foster for the blue growth of coastal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Pereñíguez
- Department of Ecology and Hidrology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - J Alós
- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès 21, 07190, Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - E Aspillaga
- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès 21, 07190, Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - I Rojo
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Calò
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 20-22, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Hackradt
- Ecology and Marine Conservation Laboratory (LECoMAR). Universidade Federal Do Sul da Bahia, Campus Sosígenes Costa, Porto Seguro-Eunápolis, 45810-000, Porto Seguro, Brazil
| | - R Hernández-Andreu
- Ecology and Marine Conservation Laboratory (LECoMAR). Universidade Federal Do Sul da Bahia, Campus Sosígenes Costa, Porto Seguro-Eunápolis, 45810-000, Porto Seguro, Brazil
| | - B Mourre
- SOCIB, Balearic Islands Coastal Observing and Forecasting System, Palma, Mallorca, Spain
| | - J A García-Charton
- Department of Ecology and Hidrology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Iordache V, Neagoe A. Conceptual methodological framework for the resilience of biogeochemical services to heavy metals stress. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116401. [PMID: 36279774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The idea of linking stressors, services providing units (SPUs), and ecosystem services (ES) is ubiquitous in the literature, although is currently not applied in areas contaminated with heavy metals (HMs), This integrative literature review introduces the general form of a deterministic conceptual model of the cross-scale effect of HMs on biogeochemical services by SPUs with a feedback loop, a cross-scale heuristic concept of resilience, and develops a method for applying the conceptual model. The objectives are 1) to identify the clusters of existing research about HMs effects on ES, biodiversity, and resilience to HMs stress, 2) to map the scientific fields needed for the conceptual model's implementation, identify institutional constraints for inter-disciplinary cooperation, and propose solutions to surpass them, 3) to describe how the complexity of the cause-effect chain is reflected in the research hypotheses and objectives and extract methodological consequences, and 4) to describe how the conceptual model can be implemented. A nested analysis by CiteSpace of a set of 16,176 articles extracted from the Web of Science shows that at the highest level of data aggregation there is a clear separation between the topics of functional traits, stoichiometry, and regulating services from the typical issues of the literature about HMs, biodiversity, and ES. Most of the resilience to HMs stress agenda focuses on microbial communities. General topics such as the biodiversity-ecosystem function relationship in contaminated areas are no longer dominant in the current research, as well as large-scale problems like watershed management. The number of Web of Science domains that include the analyzed articles is large (26 up to 87 domains with at least ten articles, depending on the sub-set), but thirteen domains account for 70-80% of the literature. The complexity of approaches regarding the cause-effect chain, the stressors, the biological and ecological hierarchical level and the management objectives was characterized by a detailed analysis of 60 selected reviews and 121 primary articles. Most primary articles approach short causal chains, and the number of hypotheses or objectives by article tends to be low, pointing out the need for portfolios of complementary research projects in coherent inter-disciplinary programs and innovation ecosystems to couple the ES and resilience problems in areas contaminated with HMs. One provides triggers for developing innovation ecosystems, examples of complementary research hypotheses, and an example of technology transfer. Finally one proposes operationalizing the conceptual methodological model in contaminated socio-ecological systems by a calibration, a sensitivity analysis, and a validation phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgil Iordache
- University of Bucharest, Department of Systems Ecology and Sustainability, and "Dan Manoleli" Research Centre for Ecological Services - CESEC, Romania.
| | - Aurora Neagoe
- University of Bucharest, "Dan Manoleli" Research Centre for Ecological Services - CESEC and "Dimitrie Brândză" Botanical Garden, Romania.
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Hsieh TT, Chiu MC, Resh VH, Kuo MH. Biological traits can mediate species-specific, quasi-extinction risks of macroinvertebrates in streams experiencing frequent extreme floods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150313. [PMID: 34555608 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most research on the ecological responses to extreme floods examines impacts at short time scales, whereas long-term datasets combining hydrological and biological information remain rare. Using such data, we applied time-series analysis to investigate simultaneous effects of a biotic factor (density dependence), an abiotic factor (extreme floods), and spatial synchrony in the population dynamics of three riverine insects. Spatial synchronization of population dynamics by extreme floods varied among species. These different responses to extreme floods could be explained by species-specific biological traits. Moreover, density dependence influenced the population dynamics under the context of extreme floods. Accordingly, quasi-extinction risks were highest for species that were simultaneously influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. An understanding of ecological responses to increasing hydrological extremes may be enhanced by recognizing long-term, climatic non-stationarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Tse Hsieh
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Chiu
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan; Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Japan.
| | - Vincent H Resh
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California Berkeley, USA
| | - Mei-Hwa Kuo
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan.
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Hoppenreijs JHT, Eckstein RL, Lind L. Pressures on Boreal Riparian Vegetation: A Literature Review. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.806130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Riparian zones are species-rich and functionally important ecotones that sustain physical, chemical and ecological balance of ecosystems. While scientific, governmental and public attention for riparian zones has increased over the past decades, knowledge on the effects of the majority of anthropogenic disturbances is still lacking. Given the increasing expansion and intensity of these disturbances, the need to understand simultaneously occurring pressures grows. We have conducted a literature review on the potential effects of anthropogenic pressures on boreal riparian zones and the main processes that shape their vegetation composition. We visualised the observed and potential consequences of flow regulation for hydropower generation, flow regulation through channelisation, the climate crisis, forestry, land use change and non-native species in a conceptual model. The model shows how these pressures change different aspects of the flow regime and plant habitats, and we describe how these changes affect the extent of the riparian zone and dispersal, germination, growth and competition of plants. Main consequences of the pressures we studied are the decrease of the extent of the riparian zone and a poorer state of the area that remains. This already results in a loss of riparian plant species and riparian functionality, and thus also threatens aquatic systems and the organisms that depend on them. We also found that the impact of a pressure does not linearly reflect its degree of ubiquity and the scale on which it operates. Hydropower and the climate crisis stand out as major threats to boreal riparian zones and will continue to be so if no appropriate measures are taken. Other pressures, such as forestry and different types of land uses, can have severe effects but have more local and regional consequences. Many pressures, such as non-native species and the climate crisis, interact with each other and can limit or, more often, amplify each other’s effects. However, we found that there are very few studies that describe the effects of simultaneously occurring and, thus, potentially interacting pressures. While our model shows where they may interact, the extent of the interactions thus remains largely unknown.
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Ceron K, Mângia S, Guedes TB, Alvares DJ, Neves MO, De Toledo Moroti M, Torello N, Borges-Martins M, Ferreira VL, Santana DJ. Ecological Niche Explains the Sympatric Occurrence of Lined Ground Snakes of the Genus Lygophis (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) in the South American Dry Diagonal. HERPETOLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-20-00056.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Maréchaux I, Langerwisch F, Huth A, Bugmann H, Morin X, Reyer CP, Seidl R, Collalti A, Dantas de Paula M, Fischer R, Gutsch M, Lexer MJ, Lischke H, Rammig A, Rödig E, Sakschewski B, Taubert F, Thonicke K, Vacchiano G, Bohn FJ. Tackling unresolved questions in forest ecology: The past and future role of simulation models. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:3746-3770. [PMID: 33976773 PMCID: PMC8093733 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the processes that shape forest functioning, structure, and diversity remains challenging, although data on forest systems are being collected at a rapid pace and across scales. Forest models have a long history in bridging data with ecological knowledge and can simulate forest dynamics over spatio-temporal scales unreachable by most empirical investigations.We describe the development that different forest modelling communities have followed to underpin the leverage that simulation models offer for advancing our understanding of forest ecosystems.Using three widely applied but contrasting approaches - species distribution models, individual-based forest models, and dynamic global vegetation models - as examples, we show how scientific and technical advances have led models to transgress their initial objectives and limitations. We provide an overview of recent model applications on current important ecological topics and pinpoint ten key questions that could, and should, be tackled with forest models in the next decade.Synthesis. This overview shows that forest models, due to their complementarity and mutual enrichment, represent an invaluable toolkit to address a wide range of fundamental and applied ecological questions, hence fostering a deeper understanding of forest dynamics in the context of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fanny Langerwisch
- Department of Ecology and Environmental SciencesPalacký University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental ModelingCzech University of Life SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Andreas Huth
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZLeipzigGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Environmental Systems ResearchOsnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany
| | - Harald Bugmann
- Forest EcologyInstitute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH ZürichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Xavier Morin
- EPHECEFECNRSUniv MontpellierUniv Paul Valéry MontpellierIRDMontpellierFrance
| | - Christopher P.O. Reyer
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdamGermany
| | - Rupert Seidl
- Institute of SilvicultureUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)ViennaAustria
- TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Alessio Collalti
- Forest Modelling LabInstitute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the MediterraneanNational Research Council of Italy (CNR‐ISAFOM)Perugia (PG)Italy
- Department of Innovation in Biological, Agro‐food and Forest SystemsUniversity of TusciaViterboItaly
| | | | - Rico Fischer
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZLeipzigGermany
| | - Martin Gutsch
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdamGermany
| | | | - Heike Lischke
- Dynamic MacroecologyLand Change ScienceSwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Anja Rammig
- TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Edna Rödig
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZLeipzigGermany
| | - Boris Sakschewski
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdamGermany
| | | | - Kirsten Thonicke
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdamGermany
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Cooke J, Araya Y, Bacon KL, Bagniewska JM, Batty LC, Bishop TR, Burns M, Charalambous M, Daversa DR, Dougherty LR, Dyson M, Fisher AM, Forman D, Garcia C, Harney E, Hesselberg T, John EA, Knell RJ, Maseyk K, Mauchline AL, Peacock J, Pernetta AP, Pritchard J, Sutherland WJ, Thomas RL, Tigar B, Wheeler P, White RL, Worsfold NT, Lewis Z. Teaching and learning in ecology: a horizon scan of emerging challenges and solutions. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Cooke
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open Univ. UK
| | - Yoseph Araya
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open Univ. UK
| | - Karen L. Bacon
- School of Geography, Univ. of Leeds UK
- Botany and Plant Sciences, Martin Ryan Inst., National Univ. of Ireland Galway Ireland
| | | | - Lesley C. Batty
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Tom R. Bishop
- Dept of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, Univ. of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- Dept of Zoology and Entomology, Univ. of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Moya Burns
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Univ. of Leicester UK
| | | | | | | | - Miranda Dyson
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open Univ. UK
| | - Adam M. Fisher
- Inst. of Integrative Biology, Univ. of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Dan Forman
- Dept of Biosciences, Swansea Univ. Swansea UK
| | - Cristina Garcia
- Inst. of Integrative Biology, Univ. of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Ewan Harney
- Inst. of Integrative Biology, Univ. of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | | | | | - Robert J. Knell
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary Univ. of London UK
| | - Kadmiel Maseyk
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open Univ. UK
| | - Alice L. Mauchline
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Univ. of Reading Reading UK
| | | | - Angelo P. Pernetta
- Ecology, Conservation and Zoonosis Research and Enterprise Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Univ. of Brighton UK
| | | | | | - Rebecca L. Thomas
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway Univ. of London Egham UK
| | - Barbara Tigar
- School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, Univ. of Central Lancashire Preston UK
| | - Philip Wheeler
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open Univ. UK
| | - Rachel L. White
- Ecology, Conservation and Zoonosis Research and Enterprise Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Univ. of Brighton UK
| | - Nicholas T. Worsfold
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Zenobia Lewis
- School of Life Sciences, Univ. of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZB UK
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10
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Lumpkin WP, Stirek KR, Dyer LA. Macrophyte Diversity and Complexity Reduce Larval Mosquito Abundance. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1041-1048. [PMID: 32006421 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The role of aquatic arthropod diversity and community interactions of larval mosquitoes are important for understanding mosquito population dynamics. We tested the effects of aquatic macrophyte diversity and habitat structural complexity in shaping the predator and competitor invertebrate communities associated with mosquito larvae. Experimental mesocosms were planted with live aquatic macrophytes and allowed to be naturally colonized by local invertebrates. Results indicated a positive effect of macrophyte diversity on competitor diversity and a negative effect on predator diversity. In turn, predator diversity negatively impacted mosquito abundance through a direct effect, while competitor diversity showed an indirect negative effect on mosquito larval abundance through its positive effect on predator diversity. The enhancement of aquatic macrophyte diversity and structural complexity has practical applications for the reduction of mosquito populations in managed systems where complete source elimination is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will P Lumpkin
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV
| | - Kincade R Stirek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD
| | - Lee A Dyer
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV
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11
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Roche DG, Bennett JR, Provencher J, Rytwinski T, Haddaway NR, Cooke SJ. Environmental sciences benefit from robust evidence irrespective of speed. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 696:134000. [PMID: 31465915 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Discussions around the "slow science movement" abound in environmental sciences, yet they are generally counterproductive. Researchers must focus on producing robust and transparent knowledge, regardless of speed. Slow versus fast science is irrelevant - what we need is reproducible research to support evidence-based decision making and tackle urgent and costly environmental problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique G Roche
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Joseph R Bennett
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Provencher
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Trina Rytwinski
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Neal R Haddaway
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Africa Centre for Evidence, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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12
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Let's Train More Theoretical Ecologists - Here Is Why. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 34:759-762. [PMID: 31303348 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A tangled web of vicious circles, driven by cultural issues, has prevented ecology from growing strong theoretical roots. Now this hinders development of effective conservation policies. To overcome these barriers in view of urgent societal needs, we propose a global network of postgraduate theoretical training programs.
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13
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Buechley ER, Santangeli A, Girardello M, Neate‐Clegg MH, Oleyar D, McClure CJ, Şekercioğlu ÇH. Global raptor research and conservation priorities: Tropical raptors fall prey to knowledge gaps. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Evan R. Buechley
- HawkWatch International Salt Lake City Utah
- Department of Biology University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah
- Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center Washington, DC
| | - Andrea Santangeli
- The Helsinki Lab of Ornithology, Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Marco Girardello
- cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group Universidade dos Açores – Depto de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente Angra do Heroísmo Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Çagan H. Şekercioğlu
- Department of Biology University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah
- College of Sciences Koç University Istanbul Turkey
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Brady SP, Monosson E, Matson C, Bickham JW. Fundamental and applied pursuits in evolutionary toxicology are mutually beneficial: A reply to Hahn (2018). Evol Appl 2019; 12:353. [PMID: 30697346 PMCID: PMC6346669 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven P. Brady
- Biology DepartmentSouthern Connecticut State UniversityNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Emily Monosson
- Ronin Institute for Independent Scholars, Department of Environmental ConservationUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMAUSA
| | - Cole Matson
- Department of Environmental Science and Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research (CRASR)Baylor UniversityWacoTXUSA
| | - John W. Bickham
- Department of Wildlife & Fisheries SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
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15
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Pavón-Jordán D, Clausen P, Dagys M, Devos K, Encarnaçao V, Fox AD, Frost T, Gaudard C, Hornman M, Keller V, Langendoen T, Ławicki Ł, Lewis LJ, Lorentsen SH, Luigujoe L, Meissner W, Molina B, Musil P, Musilova Z, Nilsson L, Paquet JY, Ridzon J, Stipniece A, Teufelbauer N, Wahl J, Zenatello M, Lehikoinen A. Habitat- and species-mediated short- and long-term distributional changes in waterbird abundance linked to variation in European winter weather. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Pavón-Jordán
- The Helsinki Lab of Ornithology; Finnish Museum of Natural History; Helsinki Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Preben Clausen
- Department of Biosciences; Aarhus University; Rønde Denmark
| | | | - Koen Devos
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest; Brussel Belgium
| | - Vitor Encarnaçao
- Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e da Biodiversidade; Lisboa Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Menno Hornman
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leho Luigujoe
- Department of Zoology; Estonian University of Life Sciences; Tartu Estonia
| | - Wlodzimierz Meissner
- Avian Ecophysiology Unit; Department of Vertebrate Ecology & Zoology; Faculty of Biology; University of Gdańsk; Gdańsk Poland
| | - Blas Molina
- Sociedad Española de Ornitología (SEO/BirdLife); Madrid Spain
| | - Petr Musil
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Environmental Sciences; Czech University of Life Sciences; Praha Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Musilova
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Environmental Sciences; Czech University of Life Sciences; Praha Czech Republic
| | - Leif Nilsson
- Department of Biology; University of Lund; Lund Sweden
| | | | | | - Antra Stipniece
- Institute of Biology; University of Latvia; Salaspils Latvia
| | | | - Johannes Wahl
- Dachverband Deutscher Avifaunisten e.V. (DDA); Federation of German Avifaunists; Münster Germany
| | - Marco Zenatello
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA); Ozzano dell'Emilia Italy
| | - Aleksi Lehikoinen
- The Helsinki Lab of Ornithology; Finnish Museum of Natural History; Helsinki Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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16
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Hochberg ME. An ecosystem framework for understanding and treating disease. EVOLUTION MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 2018:270-286. [PMID: 30487969 PMCID: PMC6252061 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoy032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens and cancers are pervasive health risks in the human population. I argue that if we are to better understand disease and its treatment, then we need to take an ecological perspective of disease itself. I generalize and extend an emerging framework that views disease as an ecosystem and many of its components as interacting in a community. I develop the framework for biological etiological agents (BEAs) that multiply within humans—focusing on bacterial pathogens and cancers—but the framework could be extended to include other host and parasite species. I begin by describing why we need an ecosystem framework to understand disease, and the main components and interactions in bacterial and cancer disease ecosystems. Focus is then given to the BEA and how it may proceed through characteristic states, including emergence, growth, spread and regression. The framework is then applied to therapeutic interventions. Central to success is preventing BEA evasion, the best known being antibiotic resistance and chemotherapeutic resistance in cancers. With risks of evasion in mind, I propose six measures that either introduce new components into the disease ecosystem or manipulate existing ones. An ecosystem framework promises to enhance our understanding of disease, BEA and host (co)evolution, and how we can improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Hochberg
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA.,Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, 31015 Toulouse, France
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17
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Sarà G, Gouhier TC, Brigolin D, Porporato EMD, Mangano MC, Mirto S, Mazzola A, Pastres R. Predicting shifting sustainability trade-offs in marine finfish aquaculture under climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:3654-3665. [PMID: 29723929 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Defining sustainability goals is a crucial but difficult task because it often involves the quantification of multiple interrelated and sometimes conflicting components. This complexity may be exacerbated by climate change, which will increase environmental vulnerability in aquaculture and potentially compromise the ability to meet the needs of a growing human population. Here, we developed an approach to inform sustainable aquaculture by quantifying spatio-temporal shifts in critical trade-offs between environmental costs and benefits using the time to reach the commercial size as a possible proxy of economic implications of aquaculture under climate change. Our results indicate that optimizing aquaculture practices by minimizing impact (this study considers as impact a benthic carbon deposition ≥ 1 g C m-2 day-1 ) will become increasingly difficult under climate change. Moreover, an increasing temperature will produce a poleward shift in sustainability trade-offs. These findings suggest that future sustainable management strategies and plans will need to account for the effects of climate change across scales. Overall, our results highlight the importance of integrating environmental factors in order to sustainably manage critical natural resources under shifting climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Sarà
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- CoNISMa - Piazzale Flaminio, Roma, Italy
| | - Tarik C Gouhier
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts
| | - Daniele Brigolin
- Bluefarm S.r.l., Venezia Marghera, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Erika M D Porporato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mangano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- CoNISMa - Piazzale Flaminio, Roma, Italy
| | - Simone Mirto
- Institute for the Coastal Marine Environment - CNR, Castellammare del Golfo (TP), Italy
| | - Antonio Mazzola
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- CoNISMa - Piazzale Flaminio, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Pastres
- Bluefarm S.r.l., Venezia Marghera, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Venezia Mestre, Italy
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O’Loughlin LS, Lindenmayer DB, Smith MD, Willig MR, Knapp AK, Cuddington K, Hastings A, Foster CN, Sato CF, Westgate MJ, Barton PS. Surrogates Underpin Ecological Understanding and Practice. Bioscience 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biy080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luke S O’Loughlin
- Fenner School of Environment and Society at the Australian National University, in Canberra
| | - David B Lindenmayer
- Fenner School of Environment and Society at the Australian National University, in Canberra
| | - Melinda D Smith
- Department of Biology's Graduate Degree Program in Ecology at Colorado State University, in Fort collins
| | - Michael R Willig
- Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering and the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Connecticut, in Storrs
| | - Alan K Knapp
- Department of Biology's Graduate Degree Program in Ecology at Colorado State University, in Fort collins
| | - Kim Cuddington
- Department of Biology at the University of Waterloo, in Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan Hastings
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy at the University of California, Davis
| | - Claire N Foster
- Fenner School of Environment and Society at the Australian National University, in Canberra
| | - Chloe F Sato
- Fenner School of Environment and Society at the Australian National University, in Canberra
| | - Martin J Westgate
- Fenner School of Environment and Society at the Australian National University, in Canberra
| | - Philip S Barton
- Fenner School of Environment and Society at the Australian National University, in Canberra
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19
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Gosselin F, Cordonnier T, Bilger I, Jappiot M, Chauvin C, Gosselin M. Ecological research and environmental management: We need different interfaces based on different knowledge types. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 218:388-401. [PMID: 29704834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of ecological science in environmental management has been discussed by many authors who recognize that there is a persistent gap between ecological science and environmental management. Here we develop theory through different perspectives based on knowledge types, research categories and research-management interface types, which we combine into a common framework. To draw out insights for bridging this gap, we build our case by:We point out the complementarities as well as the specificities and limitations of the different types of ecological research, ecological knowledge and research-management interfaces, which is of major importance for environmental management and research policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Gosselin
- Irstea, UR EFNO, Domaine des Barres, 45290, Nogent-sur-Vernisson, France.
| | - Thomas Cordonnier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Irstea, UR LESSEM, 2 rue de la Papeterie, BP76, 38402, Saint-Martin-d'Hères Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Bilger
- Irstea, UR EFNO, Domaine des Barres, 45290, Nogent-sur-Vernisson, France
| | - Marielle Jappiot
- Irstea, UR RECOVER/EMR, 3275 Route de Cézanne, CS 40061, 13182, Aix-en-Provence Cedex 5, France
| | - Christophe Chauvin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Irstea, UR LESSEM, 2 rue de la Papeterie, BP76, 38402, Saint-Martin-d'Hères Cedex, France
| | - Marion Gosselin
- Irstea, UR EFNO, Domaine des Barres, 45290, Nogent-sur-Vernisson, France
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20
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Crouzat E, Arpin I, Brunet L, Colloff MJ, Turkelboom F, Lavorel S. Researchers must be aware of their roles at the interface of ecosystem services science and policy. AMBIO 2018; 47:97-105. [PMID: 28913614 PMCID: PMC5709268 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-017-0939-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Scientists working on ecosystem service (ES) science are engaged in a mission-driven discipline. They can contribute to science-policy interfaces where knowledge is co-produced and used. How scientists engage with the governance arena to mobilise their knowledge remains a matter of personal choice, influenced by individual values. ES science cannot be considered neutral and a discussion of the values that shape it forms an important part of the sustainability dialogue. We propose a simple decision tree to help ES scientists identify their role and the purpose of the knowledge they produce. We characterise six idealised scientific postures spanning possible roles at the science-policy interface (pure scientist, science arbiter-guarantor, issue advocate-guardian, officer, honest broker and stealth issue advocate) and illustrate them with feedbacks from interviews. We encourage ES scientists to conduct a reflexive exploration of their attitudes regarding knowledge production and use, with the intention of progressing toward a higher recognition of the political and ethical importance of ES assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Crouzat
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine (LECA), UMR 5553, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, 2233 rue de la Piscine, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Lucas Brunet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Irstea, Grenoble, France
| | - Matthew J. Colloff
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Francis Turkelboom
- Research Group Nature & Society, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandra Lavorel
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine (LECA), UMR 5553, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, 2233 rue de la Piscine, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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21
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Daskalov GM, Boicenco L, Grishin AN, Lazar L, Mihneva V, Shlyakhov VA, Zengin M. Architecture of collapse: regime shift and recovery in an hierarchically structured marine ecosystem. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:1486-1498. [PMID: 27643946 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
By the late 20th century, a series of events or 'natural experiments', for example the depletion of apex predators, extreme eutrophication and blooms of invasive species, had suggested that the Black Sea could be considered as a large ecosystem 'laboratory'. The events resulted in regime shifts cascading through all trophic levels, disturbing ecosystem functioning and damaging the water environment. Causal pathways by which the external (hydroclimate, overfishing) and internal (food web interactions) drivers provoke regime shifts are investigated. Statistical data analyses supported by an interpretative framework based on hierarchical ecosystem theory revealed mechanisms of hierarchical incorporation of environmental factors into the ecosystem. Evidence links Atlantic teleconnections to Black Sea hydroclimate, which together with fishing shapes variability in fish stocks. The hydroclimatic signal is conveyed through the food web via changes in productivity at all levels, to planktivorous fish. Fluctuating fish abundance is believed to induce a lagged change in competitor jelly plankton that cascades down to phytoplankton and influences water quality. Deprived of the stabilising role of apex predators, the Black Sea's hierarchical ecosystem organisation is susceptible to both environmental and anthropogenic stresses, and increased fishing makes fish stock collapses highly probable. When declining stocks are confronted with burgeoning fishing effort associated with the inability of fishery managers and decision-makers to adapt rapidly to changes in fish abundance, there is overfishing and stock collapse. Management procedures are ineffective at handling complex phenomena such as ecosystem regime shifts because of the shortage of suitable explanatory models. The proposed concepts and models reported here relate the hydroclimate, overfishing and invasive species to shifts in ecosystem functioning and water quality, unravelling issues such as the causality of ecosystem interactions and mechanisms and offering potential for finding ways to reverse regime shifts. We advocate a management approach aiming at restoring ecosystem hierarchy that might mitigate the costly consequences of regime shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi M Daskalov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research (IBER-BAS), 2 Yurii Gagarin Street, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Laura Boicenco
- National Institute for Marine Research and Development 'Grigore Antipa', Bd.Mamaia 300, Constanta, 900581, Romania
| | - Alexandre N Grishin
- Institute of Biology of Southern Seas (InBYuM), 2 Nahimov Avenue, Sevastopol, Ukraine
| | - Luminita Lazar
- National Institute for Marine Research and Development 'Grigore Antipa', Bd.Mamaia 300, Constanta, 900581, Romania
| | - Vesselina Mihneva
- Institute of Fish Resources, PO Box 72, Boul Primorski 4, Varna, 9000, Bulgaria
| | - Vladislav A Shlyakhov
- Southern Scientific Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (YugNIRO), 2 Sverdlov Street, Kerch, 98300, Ukraine
| | - Mustafa Zengin
- Central Fisheries Research Institute (CFRI), Vali Adil Yazar Cad., 14 Kaşüstü, 61250 Yomra, Trabzon, Turkey
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22
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Virapongse A, Endress BA, Gilmore MP, Horn C, Romulo C. Ecology, livelihoods, and management of the Mauritia flexuosa palm in South America. Glob Ecol Conserv 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Jones AR, Bull CM, Brook BW, Wells K, Pollock KH, Fordham DA. Tick exposure and extreme climate events impact survival and threaten the persistence of a long-lived lizard. J Anim Ecol 2016; 85:598-610. [PMID: 26559641 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Assessing the impacts of multiple, often synergistic, stressors on the population dynamics of long-lived species is becoming increasingly important due to recent and future global change. Tiliqua rugosa (sleepy lizard) is a long-lived skink (>30 years) that is adapted to survive in semi-arid environments with varying levels of parasite exposure and highly seasonal food availability. We used an exhaustive database of 30 years of capture-mark-recapture records to quantify the impacts of both parasite exposure and environmental conditions on the lizard's survival rates and long-term population dynamics. Lizard abundance was relatively stable throughout the study period; however, there were changing patterns in adult and juvenile apparent survival rates, driven by spatial and temporal variation in levels of tick exposure and temporal variation in environmental conditions. Extreme weather events during the winter and spring seasons were identified as important environmental drivers of survival. Climate models predict a dramatic increase in the frequency of extreme hot and dry winter and spring seasons in our South Australian study region; from a contemporary probability of 0.17 up to 0.47-0.83 in 2080 depending on the emissions scenario. Our stochastic population model projections showed that these future climatic conditions will induce a decline in the abundance of this long-lived reptile of up to 67% within 30 years from 2080, under worst case scenario modelling. The results have broad implications for future work investigating the drivers of population dynamics and persistence. We highlight the importance of long-term data sets and accounting for synergistic impacts between multiple stressors. We show that predicted increases in the frequency of extreme climate events have the potential to considerably and negatively influence a long-lived species, which might previously have been assumed to be resilient to environmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice R Jones
- The Environment Institute & School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - C Michael Bull
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Barry W Brook
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7005, Australia
| | - Konstans Wells
- The Environment Institute & School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Kenneth H Pollock
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7617, USA
| | - Damien A Fordham
- The Environment Institute & School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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Rillig MC, Sosa-Hernández MA, Roy J, Aguilar-Trigueros CA, Vályi K, Lehmann A. Towards an Integrated Mycorrhizal Technology: Harnessing Mycorrhiza for Sustainable Intensification in Agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1625. [PMID: 27833637 PMCID: PMC5081377 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias C. Rillig
- Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity ResearchBerlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Matthias C. Rillig
| | - Moisés A. Sosa-Hernández
- Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity ResearchBerlin, Germany
| | - Julien Roy
- Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity ResearchBerlin, Germany
| | - Carlos A. Aguilar-Trigueros
- Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity ResearchBerlin, Germany
| | - Kriszta Vályi
- Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity ResearchBerlin, Germany
| | - Anika Lehmann
- Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity ResearchBerlin, Germany
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Link JS, Pranovi F, Libralato S, Coll M, Christensen V, Solidoro C, Fulton EA. Emergent Properties Delineate Marine Ecosystem Perturbation and Recovery. Trends Ecol Evol 2015; 30:649-661. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Evolving away from the linear model of research: a response to Courchamp et al. Trends Ecol Evol 2015; 30:368-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Petchey OL, Pontarp M, Massie TM, Kéfi S, Ozgul A, Weilenmann M, Palamara GM, Altermatt F, Matthews B, Levine JM, Childs DZ, McGill BJ, Schaepman ME, Schmid B, Spaak P, Beckerman AP, Pennekamp F, Pearse IS, Vasseur D. The ecological forecast horizon, and examples of its uses and determinants. Ecol Lett 2015; 18:597-611. [PMID: 25960188 PMCID: PMC4676300 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Forecasts of ecological dynamics in changing environments are increasingly important, and are available for a plethora of variables, such as species abundance and distribution, community structure and ecosystem processes. There is, however, a general absence of knowledge about how far into the future, or other dimensions (space, temperature, phylogenetic distance), useful ecological forecasts can be made, and about how features of ecological systems relate to these distances. The ecological forecast horizon is the dimensional distance for which useful forecasts can be made. Five case studies illustrate the influence of various sources of uncertainty (e.g. parameter uncertainty, environmental variation, demographic stochasticity and evolution), level of ecological organisation (e.g. population or community), and organismal properties (e.g. body size or number of trophic links) on temporal, spatial and phylogenetic forecast horizons. Insights from these case studies demonstrate that the ecological forecast horizon is a flexible and powerful tool for researching and communicating ecological predictability. It also has potential for motivating and guiding agenda setting for ecological forecasting research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen L Petchey
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Mikael Pontarp
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå UniversitySE- 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas M Massie
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Kéfi
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, CC065Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Arpat Ozgul
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maja Weilenmann
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gian Marco Palamara
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Center for Ecology, Evolution, and Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyKastanienbaum, Seestrasse 79, 6047 Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan M Levine
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH ZurichUniversitätstrasse 16, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dylan Z Childs
- Animal and Plant Sciences, Sheffield UniversitySheffield, Western Bank. S10 2TN South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Brian J McGill
- School of Biology and Ecology and Mitchel Center for Sustainability Solutions, University of MaineOrono, 5751 Murray Hall, ME 04469, USA
| | - Michael E Schaepman
- University of Zurich, Department of Geography, Remote Sensing LaboratoriesWinterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Piet Spaak
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH ZurichUniversitätstrasse 16, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew P Beckerman
- Animal and Plant Sciences, Sheffield UniversitySheffield, Western Bank. S10 2TN South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Frank Pennekamp
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ian S Pearse
- The Illinois Natural History SurveyChampaign, 1816 South Oak Street, MC 652, IL 61820, USA
| | - David Vasseur
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå UniversitySE- 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, CC065Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Center for Ecology, Evolution, and Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyKastanienbaum, Seestrasse 79, 6047 Luzern, Switzerland
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH ZurichUniversitätstrasse 16, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Animal and Plant Sciences, Sheffield UniversitySheffield, Western Bank. S10 2TN South Yorkshire, UK
- School of Biology and Ecology and Mitchel Center for Sustainability Solutions, University of MaineOrono, 5751 Murray Hall, ME 04469, USA
- University of Zurich, Department of Geography, Remote Sensing LaboratoriesWinterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- The Illinois Natural History SurveyChampaign, 1816 South Oak Street, MC 652, IL 61820, USA
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Back to the fundamentals: a reply to Barot et al. Trends Ecol Evol 2015; 30:370-1. [PMID: 26051563 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rillig MC, Rolff J, Tietjen B, Wehner J, Andrade-Linares DR. Community priming--effects of sequential stressors on microbial assemblages. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv040. [PMID: 25873462 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes in nature are exposed to complex environmental stressors which challenge their functioning or survival. Priming is the improved reaction of an organism to an environmental stressor following a preceding, often milder stress event. This phenomenon, also known as cross-protection, predictive response strategy or acquired stress resistance, is becoming an increasingly well-established research topic in microbiology, which has so far been examined from the perspective of a single organism or population. However, microbes in nature occur as part of communities; thus it is timely to highlight the need to also include this level beyond the individual species in studies of priming effects. We here introduce a conceptual framework for such studies at the level of the microbial assemblage and also chart a way forward for empirical and theoretical study. We illustrate some of the elements of our framework with a simple simulation model. Given the dynamic habitat of many microbes, incorporating priming is important for a more complete understanding of microbial community responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias C Rillig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, D-14195 Berlin, Germany Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Rolff
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Evolutionary Biology, D-14195 Berlin, Germany Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Tietjen
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Biodiversity/Ecological Modeling, D-14195 Berlin, Germany Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeannine Wehner
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, D-14195 Berlin, Germany Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana R Andrade-Linares
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, D-14195 Berlin, Germany Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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