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Kovaleski AP. The potential for an increasing threat of unseasonal temperature cycles to dormant plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39152704 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Two functional responses largely guide woody plants' survival to winter conditions: cold hardiness and dormancy. Dormancy affects budbreak timing based on chill accumulation. Effects of warming on dormancy may appear time-shifted: fall and winter warming events decrease chill accumulation, delaying budbreak observed in spring. The same warming events also affect cold hardiness dynamics, having immediate implications. As cold deacclimation rates increase with dormancy progression, the same amount of warming has greater damage risk the later it occurs in the season, depending on return of low temperatures. Should frequency of erratic weather increase with climate change, more instances of risk are expected. However, understanding how plants fare through seasons now and in future climates still requires better knowledge of winter physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al P Kovaleski
- Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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2
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Lima JS, Lenoir J, Hylander K. Potential migration pathways of broadleaved trees across the receding boreal biome under future climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17471. [PMID: 39188066 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Climate change has triggered poleward expansions in the distributions of various taxonomic groups, including tree species. Given the ecological significance of trees as keystone species in forests and their socio-economic importance, projecting the potential future distributions of tree species is crucial for devising effective adaptation strategies for both biomass production and biodiversity conservation in future forest ecosystems. Here, we fitted physiographically informed habitat suitability models (HSMs) at 50-m resolution across Sweden (55-68° N) to estimate the potential northward expansion of seven broadleaved tree species within their leading-edge distributions in Europe under different future climate change scenarios and for different time periods. Overall, we observed that minimum temperature was the most crucial variable for comprehending the spatial distribution of broadleaved tree species at their cold limits. Our HSMs projected a complex range expansion pattern for 2100, with individualistic differences among species. However, a frequent and rather surprising pattern was a northward expansion along the east coast followed by narrow migration pathways along larger valleys towards edaphically suitable areas in the north-west, where most of the studied species were predicted to expand. The high-resolution maps generated in this study offer valuable insights for our understanding of range shift dynamics at the leading edge of southern tree species as they expand into the receding boreal biome. These maps suggest areas where broadleaved tree species could already be translocated to anticipate forest and biodiversity conservation adaptation efforts in the face of future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Souza Lima
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR CNRS 7058, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Li Y, Hoch G. The sensitivity of root water uptake to cold root temperature follows species-specific upper elevational distribution limits of temperate tree species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2192-2205. [PMID: 38481108 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Physiological water stress induced by low root temperatures might contribute to species-specific climatic limits of tree distribution. We investigated the low temperature sensitivity of root water uptake and transport in seedlings of 16 European tree species which reach their natural upper elevation distribution limits at different distances to the alpine treeline. We used 2H-H2O pulse-labelling to quantify the water uptake and transport velocity from roots to leaves in seedlings exposed to constant 15°C, 7°C or 2°C root temperature, but identical aboveground temperatures between 20°C and 25°C. In all species, low root temperatures reduced the water transport rate, accompanied by reduced stem water potentials and stomatal conductance. At 7°C root temperature, the relative water uptake rates among species correlated positively with the species-specific upper elevation limits, indicating an increasingly higher sensitivity to lower root zone temperatures, the lower a species' natural elevational distribution limit. Conversely, 2°C root temperature severely inhibited water uptake in all species, irrespective of the species' thermal elevational limits. We conclude that low temperature-induced hydraulic constraints contribute to the cold distribution limits of temperate tree species and are a potential physiological cause behind the low temperature limits of plant growth in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Li
- Department of Environmental Sciences-Botany, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Günter Hoch
- Department of Environmental Sciences-Botany, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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4
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Gessler A, Zweifel R. Beyond source and sink control - toward an integrated approach to understand the carbon balance in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:858-869. [PMID: 38375596 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
A conceptual understanding on how the vegetation's carbon (C) balance is determined by source activity and sink demand is important to predict its C uptake and sequestration potential now and in the future. We have gathered trajectories of photosynthesis and growth as a function of environmental conditions described in the literature and compared them with current concepts of source and sink control. There is no clear evidence for pure source or sink control of the C balance, which contradicts recent hypotheses. Using model scenarios, we show how legacy effects via structural and functional traits and antecedent environmental conditions can alter the plant's carbon balance. We, thus, combined the concept of short-term source-sink coordination with long-term environmentally driven legacy effects that dynamically acclimate structural and functional traits over time. These acclimated traits feedback on the sensitivity of source and sink activity and thus change the plant physiological responses to environmental conditions. We postulate a whole plant C-coordination system that is primarily driven by stomatal optimization of growth to avoid a C source-sink mismatch. Therefore, we anticipate that C sequestration of forest ecosystems under future climate conditions will largely follow optimality principles that balance water and carbon resources to maximize growth in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roman Zweifel
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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5
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Zheng X, Babst F, Camarero JJ, Li X, Lu X, Gao S, Sigdel SR, Wang Y, Zhu H, Liang E. Density-dependent species interactions modulate alpine treeline shifts. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14403. [PMID: 38577961 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Species interactions such as facilitation and competition play a crucial role in driving species range shifts. However, density dependence as a key feature of these processes has received little attention in both empirical and modelling studies. Herein, we used a novel, individual-based treeline model informed by rich in situ observations to quantify the contribution of density-dependent species interactions to alpine treeline dynamics, an iconic biome boundary recognized as an indicator of global warming. We found that competition and facilitation dominate in dense versus sparse vegetation scenarios respectively. The optimal balance between these two effects was identified at an intermediate vegetation thickness where the treeline elevation was the highest. Furthermore, treeline shift rates decreased sharply with vegetation thickness and the associated transition from positive to negative species interactions. We thus postulate that vegetation density must be considered when modelling species range dynamics to avoid inadequate predictions of its responses to climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Flurin Babst
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Xiaoxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shalik Ram Sigdel
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yafeng Wang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Eryuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Xie Y, Shen Z, Wang T, Malanson GP, Peñuelas J, Wang X, Chen X, Liang E, Liu H, Yang M, Ying L, Zhao F, Piao S. Uppermost global tree elevations are primarily limited by low temperature or insufficient moisture. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17260. [PMID: 38563236 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The impact of anthropogenic global warming has induced significant upward dispersal of trees to higher elevations at alpine treelines. Assessing vertical deviation from current uppermost tree distributions to potential treeline positions is crucial for understanding ecosystem responses to evolving global climate. However, due to data resolution constraints and research scale limitation, comprehending the global pattern of alpine treeline elevations and driving factors remains challenging. This study constructed a comprehensive quasi-observational dataset of uppermost tree distribution across global mountains using Google Earth imagery. Validating the isotherm of mean growing-season air temperature at 6.6 ± 0.3°C as the global indicator of thermal treeline, we found that around two-thirds of uppermost tree distribution records significantly deviated from it. Drought conditions constitute the primary driver in 51% of cases, followed by mountain elevation effect which indicates surface heat (27%). Our analyses underscore the multifaceted determinants of global patterns of alpine treeline, explaining divergent treeline responses to climate warming. Moisture, along with temperature and disturbance, plays the most fundamental roles in understanding global variation of alpine treeline elevation and forecasting alpine treeline response to ongoing global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Xie
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zehao Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangwu Chen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Eryuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzheng Yang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingxiao Ying
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fu Zhao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
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7
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Dial RJ, Maher CT, Hewitt RE, Wockenfuss AM, Wong RE, Crawford DJ, Zietlow MG, Sullivan PF. Arctic sea ice retreat fuels boreal forest advance. Science 2024; 383:877-884. [PMID: 38386760 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Climate-induced northward advance of boreal forest is expected to lessen albedo, alter carbon stocks, and replace tundra, but where and when this advance will occur remains largely unknown. Using data from 19 sites across 22 degrees of longitude along the tree line of northern Alaska, we show a stronger temporal correlation of tree ring growth with open water uncovered by retreating Arctic sea ice than with air temperature. Spatially, our results suggest that tree growth, recruitment, and range expansion are causally linked to open water through associated warmer temperatures, deeper snowpacks, and improved nutrient availability. We apply a meta-analysis to 82 circumarctic sites, finding that proportionally more tree lines have advanced where proximal to ongoing sea ice loss. Taken together, these findings underpin how and where changing sea ice conditions facilitate high-latitude forest advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman J Dial
- Institute for Culture and Environment, Alaska Pacific University, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Colin T Maher
- Environment and Natural Resources Institute, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Rebecca E Hewitt
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Amy M Wockenfuss
- Institute for Culture and Environment, Alaska Pacific University, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Russell E Wong
- Institute for Culture and Environment, Alaska Pacific University, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Daniel J Crawford
- Environment and Natural Resources Institute, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Madeline G Zietlow
- Institute for Culture and Environment, Alaska Pacific University, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Environment and Natural Resources Institute, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
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8
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Wang H, Moghe GD, Kovaleski AP, Keller M, Martinson TE, Wright AH, Franklin JL, Hébert-Haché A, Provost C, Reinke M, Atucha A, North MG, Russo JP, Helwi P, Centinari M, Londo JP. NYUS.2: an automated machine learning prediction model for the large-scale real-time simulation of grapevine freezing tolerance in North America. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhad286. [PMID: 38487294 PMCID: PMC10939402 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Accurate and real-time monitoring of grapevine freezing tolerance is crucial for the sustainability of the grape industry in cool climate viticultural regions. However, on-site data are limited due to the complexity of measurement. Current prediction models underperform under diverse climate conditions, which limits the large-scale deployment of these methods. We combined grapevine freezing tolerance data from multiple regions in North America and generated a predictive model based on hourly temperature-derived features and cultivar features using AutoGluon, an automated machine learning engine. Feature importance was quantified by AutoGluon and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) value. The final model was evaluated and compared with previous models for its performance under different climate conditions. The final model achieved an overall 1.36°C root-mean-square error during model testing and outperformed two previous models using three test cultivars at all testing regions. Two feature importance quantification methods identified five shared essential features. Detailed analysis of the features indicates that the model has adequately extracted some biological mechanisms during training. The final model, named NYUS.2, was deployed along with two previous models as an R shiny-based application in the 2022-23 dormancy season, enabling large-scale and real-time simulation of grapevine freezing tolerance in North America for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Wang
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Horticulture Section, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Gaurav D Moghe
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Al P Kovaleski
- Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Markus Keller
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA
| | - Timothy E Martinson
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Horticulture Section, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - A Harrison Wright
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, Nova Scotia, B4N 1J5, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L Franklin
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, Nova Scotia, B4N 1J5, Canada
| | | | - Caroline Provost
- Centre de Recherche Agroalimentaire de Mirabel, Mirabel, Québec, J7N 2X8, Canada
| | - Michael Reinke
- Southwest Michigan Research and Extension Center, Michigan State University, Benton Harbor, MI 49022, USA
| | - Amaya Atucha
- Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michael G North
- Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer P Russo
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Horticulture Section, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Pierre Helwi
- Martell & Co., 7 place Edouard Martell, Cognac 16100, France
| | - Michela Centinari
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jason P Londo
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Horticulture Section, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
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9
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Zhou Q, Shi H, He R, Liu H, Zhu W, Wu S, Zhang Q, Dang H. Climate warming could free cold-adapted trees from C-conservative allocation strategy of storage over growth. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17016. [PMID: 37921358 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon allocation has been fundamental for long-lived trees to survive cold stress at their upper elevation range limit. Although carbon allocation between non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) storage and structural growth is well-documented, it still remains unclear how ongoing climate warming influences these processes, particularly whether these two processes will shift in parallel or respond divergently to warming. Using a combination of an in situ downward-transplant warming experiment and an ex situ chamber warming treatment, we investigated how subalpine fir trees at their upper elevation limit coordinated carbon allocation priority among different sinks (e.g., NSC storage and structural growth) at whole-tree level in response to elevated temperature. We found that transplanted individuals from the upper elevation limit to lower elevations generally induced an increase in specific leaf area, but there was no detected evidence of warming effect on leaf-level saturated photosynthetic rates. Additionally, our results challenged the expectation that climate warming will accelerate structural carbon accumulation while maintaining NSC constant. Instead, individuals favored allocating available carbon to NSC storage over structural growth after 1 year of warming, despite the amplification in total biomass encouraged by both in situ and ex situ experimental warming. Unexpectedly, continued warming drove a regime shift in carbon allocation priority, which was manifested in the increase of NSC storage in synchrony to structural growth enhancement. These findings imply that climate warming would release trees at their cold edge from C-conservative allocation strategy of storage over structural growth. Thus, understanding the strategical regulation of the carbon allocation priority and the distinctive function of carbon sink components is of great implication for predicting tree fate in the future climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haikun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Shengjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Quanfa Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Haishan Dang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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10
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Torres RC, Valfré-Giorello TA, Cingolani AM, Cáceres Y, Barberá I, Hensen I, Renison D. Effects of freezing temperatures on early life stages of native trees of different elevational origin: implications for tree recruitment in seasonally dry mountain forests. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:63-73. [PMID: 37971789 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
In mountain forests, tree regeneration is limited by increasingly frequent frosts with increasing elevation. We investigated the effects of exposure to freezing temperature on early life stages of two native trees of different elevational origin in a seasonally dry mountain forest. We hypothesized that the negative effects of freezing exposure on performance of early life stages increases as freezing temperature decreases, and that frost resistance increases in plants of high elevational origin. We collected seeds of two tree species (Kageneckia lanceolata and Lithraea molleoides) from populations located at different elevations and grew seedlings and saplings in a greenhouse. Dry seeds, imbibed seeds and 1-month-old seedlings were exposed to seven temperature treatments ranging from 4 °C to -20 °C, while 12-month-old saplings were exposed to four temperature treatments from -8 °C to -20 °C. After freezing exposure in a climate chamber, we monitored seed germination and seedling and sapling survival. Germination of K. lanceolata decreased with decreasing temperature only for imbibed seeds from mid- and high elevations, whereas germination of L. molleoides slightly increased with decreasing temperature only for imbibed seeds from high elevations. For both species, seedling survival decreased with decreasing temperature. For K. lanceolata, the negative effects of freezing temperatures were weaker as elevational origin of seeds increased, whereas L. molleoides showed the opposite pattern. For both species, saplings only survived at the mildest applied freezing temperature (-8 °C). We conclude that effects of climatic variation associated with elevation depend on the study species and life stage. The observed patterns could be caused by maternal effects, which are absent at the sapling stage. Moreover, temperatures below -8 °C can limit recruitment since partial mortality of seedlings and saplings occurred at such values.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Torres
- Institute of Biological and Technological Research, Center of Ecology and Renewable Natural Resources, CONICET-National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - T A Valfré-Giorello
- Institute of Biological and Technological Research, Center of Ecology and Renewable Natural Resources, CONICET-National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A M Cingolani
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Vegetal Biology, CONICET-National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Y Cáceres
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - I Barberá
- Institute of Biodiversity and the Environment, CONICET-National University of Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - I Hensen
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D Renison
- Institute of Biological and Technological Research, Center of Ecology and Renewable Natural Resources, CONICET-National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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11
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Hischier CM, Hille Ris Lambers J, Iseli E, Alexander JM. Positive and negative plant-plant interactions influence seedling establishment at both high and low elevations. ALPINE BOTANY 2023; 134:15-27. [PMID: 38966403 PMCID: PMC11219458 DOI: 10.1007/s00035-023-00302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Deciphering how plants interact with each other across environmental gradients is important to understand plant community assembly, as well as potential future plant responses to environmental change. Plant-plant interactions are expected to shift from predominantly negative (i.e. competition) to predominantly positive (i.e. facilitation) along gradients of environmental severity. However, most experiments examine the net effects of interactions by growing plants in either the presence or absence of neighbours, thereby neglecting the interplay of both negative and positive effects acting simultaneously within communities. To partially unravel these effects, we tested how the seedling establishment of 10 mountain grassland plants varied in the presence versus absence of plant communities at two sites along an elevation gradient. We created a third experimental treatment (using plastic plant mats to mimic surrounding vegetation) that retained the main hypothesised benefits of plant neighbours (microsite amelioration), while reducing a key negative effect (competition for soil resources). In contrast to our expectations, we found evidence for net positive effects of vegetation at the low elevation site, and net negative effects at the high elevation site. Interestingly, the negative effects of plant neighbours at high elevation were driven by high establishment rates of low elevation grasses in bare soil plots. At both sites, establishment rates were highest in artificial vegetation (after excluding two low elevation grasses at the high elevation site), indicating that positive effects of above-ground vegetation are partially offset by their negative effects. Our results demonstrate that both competition and facilitation act jointly to affect community structure across environmental gradients, while emphasising that competition can be strong also at higher elevations in temperate mountain regions. Consequently, plant-plant interactions are likely to influence the establishment of new, and persistence of resident, species in mountain plant communities as environments change. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00035-023-00302-8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Evelin Iseli
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jake M. Alexander
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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12
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Körner C, Fajardo A, Hiltbrunner E. Biogeographic implications of plant stature and microclimate in cold regions. Commun Biol 2023; 6:663. [PMID: 37365292 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Körner
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Alex Fajardo
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (I3), Vicerrectoría Académica, Universidad de Talca, Avenida Lircay s/n, Talca, 3460000, Chile
| | - Erika Hiltbrunner
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Churakova Sidorova OV, Porter TJ, Zharkov MS, Fonti MV, Barinov VV, Taynik AV, Kirdyanov AV, Knorre AA, Wegmann M, Trushkina TV, Koshurnikova NN, Vaganov EA, Myglan VS, Siegwolf RTW, Saurer M. Climate impacts on tree-ring stable isotopes across the Northern Hemispheric boreal zone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161644. [PMID: 36707005 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Boreal regions are changing rapidly with anthropogenic global warming. In order to assess risks and impacts of this process, it is crucial to put these observed changes into a long-term perspective. Summer air temperature variability can be well reconstructed from conifer tree rings. While the application of stable isotopes can potentially provide complementary climatic information over different seasons. In this study, we developed new triple stable isotope chronologies in tree-ring cellulose (δ13Ctrc, δ18Otrc, δ2Htrc) from a study site in Canada. Additionally, we performed regional aggregated analysis of available stable isotope chronologies from 6 conifers' tree species across high-latitudinal (HL) and - altitudinal (HA) as well as Siberian (SIB) transects of the Northern Hemispheric boreal zone. Our results show that summer air temperature still plays an important role in determining tree-ring isotope variability at 11 out of 24 sites for δ13Ctrc, 6 out of 18 sites for δ18Otrc and 1 out of 6 sites for δ2Htrc. Precipitation, relative humidity and vapor pressure deficit are significantly and consistently recorded in both δ13Ctrc and δ18Otrc along HL. Summer sunshine duration is captured by all isotopes, mainly for HL and HA transects, indicating an indirect link with an increase in air and leaf temperature. A mixed temperature-precipitation signal is preserved in δ13Ctrc and δ18Otrc along SIB transect. The δ2Htrc data obtained for HL-transect provide information not only about growing seasonal moisture and temperature, but also capture autumn, winter and spring sunshine duration signals. We conclude that a combination of triple stable isotopes in tree-ring studies can provide a comprehensive description of climate variability across the boreal forest zone and improve ecohydrological reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Churakova Sidorova
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Kasan Federal University, Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technology, Kremlyovskaya str. 18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation.
| | - Trevor J Porter
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Mikhail S Zharkov
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
| | - Marina V Fonti
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Valentin V Barinov
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
| | - Anna V Taynik
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Kirdyanov
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation; Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Federal Research Center 'Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS', 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasya A Knorre
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation; Science Department, National Park "Krasnoyarsk Stolby", 660006 Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
| | - Martin Wegmann
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, Limnology center, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tatyana V Trushkina
- Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Krasnoyarsky Rabochy 31, 660037 Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
| | | | - Eugene A Vaganov
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation; Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Federal Research Center 'Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS', 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir S Myglan
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
| | - Rolf T W Siegwolf
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
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14
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Körner C, Lenz A, Hoch G. Chronic in situ tissue cooling does not reduce lignification at the Swiss treeline but enhances the risk of 'blue' frost rings. ALPINE BOTANY 2023; 133:63-67. [PMID: 36945704 PMCID: PMC10023615 DOI: 10.1007/s00035-023-00293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In their 2013 paper, Lenz et al. illustrated how trees growing at the low-temperature limit respond to a chronic in situ warming or cooling by 3 K, by employing Peltier-thermostated branch collars that tracked ambient temperatures. The micro-coring-based analysis of seasonal tree ring formation included double-staining microtome cross sections for lignification, but these data had not been included in the publication. In this short communication, we complement these data, collected in 2009 at the Swiss treeline, and we show that a 3 K cooling that corresponds to a 500-600 m higher elevation, had no influence on lignification. However, when a frost event occurred during the early part of ring formation, the 3 K cooling produced a blue (non-lignified) layer of cells, followed by normally lignified cells for the rest of the season. Hence, the event did not affect the cambium, but interrupted cell wall maturation in cells that were in a critical developmental stage. We conclude, that chronic cooling does not affect lignification at treeline, but it increases the risk of frost damage in premature xylem tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Körner
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Armando Lenz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Günter Hoch
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Saulino L, Rita A, Allegrezza M, Zotti M, Mogavero V, Tesei G, Montecchiari S, Allevato E, Borghetti M, Bonanomi G, Saracino A. Clonality drives structural patterns and shapes the community assemblage of the Mediterranean Fagus sylvatica subalpine belt. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:947166. [PMID: 36186043 PMCID: PMC9523587 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.947166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Past anthropogenic disturbances lowered the altitudinal distribution of the Mediterranean Fagus sylvatica forests below 2,000 m a.s.l. Accordingly, our current understanding of the southern distribution range of F. sylvatica forests is restricted to managed stands below this elevation, neglecting relic forests growing above. This study has shed light on the structure and species assemblage of an unmanaged relict subalpine F. sylvatica stand growing within the core of its southernmost glacial refugia and at its highest species range elevation limit (2,140 m a.s.l.) in southern Apennines (Italy). Here, tree biometric attributes and understory species abundances were assessed in eight permanent plots systematically positioned from 1,650 to 2,130 m a.s.l. In the subalpine belt, F. sylvatica had formed a dense clonal stem population that was layered downward on the steepest slopes. The density and spatial aggregation of the stems were increased, while their stature and crown size were decreased. Above 2,000 m, changes in tree growth patterns, from upright single-stemmed to procumbent multi-stemmed, and canopy layer architecture, with crowns packed and closer to the floor, were allowed for the persistence of understory herbaceous species of biogeographic interest. Clonal layering represents an adaptive regeneration strategy for the subalpine belt environmental constraints not previously recognized in managed Mediterranean F. sylvatica forests. The clonal structure and unique species assemblage of this relic forest highlight the value of its inclusion in the priority areas networks, representing a long-term management strategy of emblematic glacial and microclimatic refugia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Saulino
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Rita
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Allegrezza
- Dipartimento di Science Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zotti
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Mogavero
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulio Tesei
- Dipartimento di Science Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Montecchiari
- Dipartimento di Science Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Emilia Allevato
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Borghetti
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Giuliano Bonanomi
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Saracino
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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16
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Chen W, Ding H, Li J, Chen K, Wang H. Alpine treelines as ecological indicators of global climate change: Who has studied? What has been studied? ECOL INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Dial RJ, Maher CT, Hewitt RE, Sullivan PF. Sufficient conditions for rapid range expansion of a boreal conifer. Nature 2022; 608:546-551. [PMID: 35948635 PMCID: PMC9385489 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Unprecedented modern rates of warming are expected to advance boreal forest into Arctic tundra1, thereby reducing albedo2–4, altering carbon cycling4 and further changing climate1–4, yet the patterns and processes of this biome shift remain unclear5. Climate warming, required for previous boreal advances6–17, is not sufficient by itself for modern range expansion of conifers forming forest–tundra ecotones5,12–15,17–20. No high-latitude population of conifers, the dominant North American Arctic treeline taxon, has previously been documented5 advancing at rates following the last glacial maximum (LGM)6–8. Here we describe a population of white spruce (Picea glauca) advancing at post-LGM rates7 across an Arctic basin distant from established treelines and provide evidence of mechanisms sustaining the advance. The population doubles each decade, with exponential radial growth in the main stems of individual trees correlating positively with July air temperature. Lateral branches in adults and terminal leaders in large juveniles grow almost twice as fast as those at established treelines. We conclude that surpassing temperature thresholds1,6–17, together with winter winds facilitating long-distance dispersal, deeper snowpack and increased soil nutrient availability promoting recruitment and growth, provides sufficient conditions for boreal forest advance. These observations enable forecast modelling with important insights into the environmental conditions converting tundra into forest. A boreal conifer is advancing northwards into Arctic tundra, with this treeline advance facilitated by climate warming together with winter winds, deeper snow and increased soil nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman J Dial
- Institute of Culture and Environment, Alaska Pacific University, Anchorage, AK, USA.
| | - Colin T Maher
- Environment and Natural Resources Institute, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA.
| | - Rebecca E Hewitt
- Department of Environmental Studies, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, USA. .,Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Environment and Natural Resources Institute, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA.
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18
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Crivellaro A, Piermattei A, Dolezal J, Dupree P, Büntgen U. Biogeographic implication of temperature-induced plant cell wall lignification. Commun Biol 2022; 5:767. [PMID: 35906325 PMCID: PMC9338036 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 200 years after von Humboldt’s pioneering work on the treeline, our understanding of the cold distribution limit of upright plant growth is still incomplete. Here, we use wood anatomical techniques to estimate the degree of stem cell wall lignification in 1770 plant species from six continents. Contrary to the frequent belief that small plants are less lignified, we show that cell wall lignification in ‘woody’ herbs varies considerably. Although trees and shrubs always exhibit lignified cell walls in their upright stems, small plants above the treeline may contain less lignin. Our findings suggest that extremely cold growing season temperatures can reduce the ability of plants to lignify their secondary cell walls. Corroborating experimental and observational evidence, this study proposes to revisit existing theories about the thermal distribution limit of upright plant growth and to consider biochemical and biomechanical factors for explaining the global treeline position. A global survey of lignin content in plant cell walls corroborates suggestions that cold temperature limits upright tree growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Crivellaro
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EN, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Forest Biometrics Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229, Suceava, Romania
| | - Alma Piermattei
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EN, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jiri Dolezal
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 379 01, Trebon, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Paul Dupree
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QW, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EN, Cambridge, United Kingdom. .,Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland. .,Global Change Research Institute CAS, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Geography, Faculty of Science Masaryk University, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic.
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19
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Wang W, Hoch G. Negative effects of low root temperatures on water and carbon relations in temperate tree seedlings assessed by dual isotopic labelling. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1311-1324. [PMID: 35038338 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Low root zone temperatures restrict water and carbon (C) uptake and transport in plants and may contribute to the low temperature limits of tree growth. Here, we quantified the effects of low root temperatures on xylem conductance, photosynthetic C assimilation and phloem C transport in seedlings of four temperate tree species (two broad-leaved and two conifer species) by applying a simultaneous stable isotope labelling of 2H-enriched source water and 13C-enriched atmospheric CO2. Six days before the pulse labelling, the seedlings were transferred to hydroponic tubes and exposed to three different root temperatures (2, 7 and 15 °C), while all seedlings received the same, warm air temperatures (between 18 and 24 °C). Root cooling led to drought-like symptoms with reduced growth, leaf water potentials and stomatal conductance, indicating increasingly adverse conditions for water uptake and transport with decreasing root temperatures. Averaged across all four species, water transport to leaves was reduced by 40% at 7 °C and by 70% at 2 °C root temperature relative to the 15 °C treatment, while photosynthesis was reduced by 20 and 40% at 7 and 2 °C, respectively. The most severe effects were found on the phloem C transport to roots, which was reduced by 60% at 7 °C and almost ceased at 2 °C in comparison with the 15 °C root temperature treatment. This extreme effect on C transport was likely due to a combination of simultaneous reductions of phloem loading, phloem mass flow and root growth. Overall, the dual stable isotope labelling proved to be a useful method to quantify water and C relations in cold-stressed trees and highlighted the potentially important role of hydraulic constraints induced by low soil temperatures as a contributing factor for the climatic distribution limits of temperate tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Wang
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, Basel 4056, Switzerland
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Renmin Road 58, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Günter Hoch
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, Basel 4056, Switzerland
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20
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Enhanced habitat loss of the Himalayan endemic flora driven by warming-forced upslope tree expansion. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:890-899. [PMID: 35654898 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
High-elevation trees cannot always reach the thermal treeline, the potential upper range limit set by growing-season temperature. But delineation of the realized upper range limit of trees and quantification of the drivers, which lead to trees being absent from the treeline, is lacking. Here, we used 30 m resolution satellite tree-cover data, validated by more than 0.7 million visual interpretations from Google Earth images, to map the realized range limit of trees along the Himalaya which harbours one of the world's richest alpine endemic flora. The realized range limit of trees is ~800 m higher in the eastern Himalaya than in the western and central Himalaya. Trees had reached their thermal treeline positions in more than 80% of the cases over eastern Himalaya but are absent from the treeline position in western and central Himalaya, due to anthropogenic disturbance and/or premonsoon drought. By combining projections of the deviation of trees from the treeline position due to regional environmental stresses with warming-induced treeline shift, we predict that trees will migrate upslope by ~140 m by the end of the twenty-first century in the eastern Himalaya. This shift will cause the endemic flora to lose at least ~20% of its current habitats, highlighting the necessity to reassess the effectiveness of current conservation networks and policies over the Himalaya.
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21
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Treeline-Quo Vadis? An Ecophysiological Approach. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13060857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
At high elevation or latitude, the margin of the life-form tree is set by low temperature, with trees defined as upright woody species taller than 2–3 m. Globally, the temperature limit of the life-form tree occurs whenever the growing season mean soil temperature declines to 6.7 ± 0.8 °C. Disturbance and human land use, however, can cause trees to be absent from the climatic treeline. After addressing definitions and concepts related to treeline ecophysiology and examining treeline structure and dynamics, the focus will be on future treeline developments with respect to climate, competition and land use change. Finally, changes in economic structure and land use within the treeline ecotone are outlined with respect to net ecosystem production and year-round evapotranspiration.
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22
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Cold-season freeze frequency is a pervasive driver of subcontinental forest growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2117464119. [PMID: 35476522 PMCID: PMC9170167 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117464119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SignificanceThe reduction of freeze exposure with winter warming has consequences for carbon sequestration by northern forests. Quantifying the impact of these changes on tree growth is, however, challenging because of among- and within-tree species variability in freeze tolerance and phenological cues. Here, we provide a comprehensive assessment of tree growth response to the cold-season frequency of freeze days using an extensive tree-ring dataset covering Canada's forests. Our study shows that tree growth responses to freeze exposure vary in direction and magnitude by clade and species but also with leaf-out strategy, tree age and size, and environmental factors. Such quantification can help predict terrestrial carbon dynamics under climate change.
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23
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Jiang R, Chen X, Liao X, Peng D, Han X, Zhu C, Wang P, Hufnagel DE, Wang L, Li K, Li C. A Chromosome-Level Genome of the Camphor Tree and the Underlying Genetic and Climatic Factors for Its Top-Geoherbalism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:827890. [PMID: 35592577 PMCID: PMC9112071 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.827890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Camphor tree [Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl], a species in the magnoliid family Lauraceae, is known for its rich volatile oils and is used as a medical cardiotonic and as a scent in many perfumed hygiene products. Here, we present a high-quality chromosome-scale genome of C. camphora with a scaffold N50 of 64.34 Mb and an assembled genome size of 755.41 Mb. Phylogenetic inference revealed that the magnoliids are a sister group to the clade of eudicots and monocots. Comparative genomic analyses identified two rounds of ancient whole-genome duplication (WGD). Tandem duplicated genes exhibited a higher evolutionary rate, a more recent evolutionary history and a more clustered distribution on chromosomes, contributing to the production of secondary metabolites, especially monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, which are the principal essential oil components. Three-dimensional analyses of the volatile metabolites, gene expression and climate data of samples with the same genotype grown in different locations showed that low temperature and low precipitation during the cold season modulate the expression of genes in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathways, especially TPS genes, which facilitates the accumulation of volatile compounds. Our study lays a theoretical foundation for policy-making regarding the agroforestry applications of camphor tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihong Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Cultivation and Utilization of Special Non-Timber Forest Crops, Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for Woody Spices, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Xinlian Chen
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuezhu Liao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Peng
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoxu Han
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changsan Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Cultivation and Utilization of Special Non-Timber Forest Crops, Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for Woody Spices, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - David E. Hufnagel
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, IA, United States
| | - Li Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Kaixiang Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Cultivation and Utilization of Special Non-Timber Forest Crops, Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for Woody Spices, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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24
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Abstract
The alpine belt hosts the treeless vegetation above the high elevation climatic treeline. The way alpine plants manage to thrive in a climate that prevents tree growth is through small stature, apt seasonal development, and ‘managing’ the microclimate near the ground surface. Nested in a mosaic of micro-environmental conditions, these plants are in a unique position by a close-by neighborhood of strongly diverging microhabitats. The range of adjacent thermal niches that the alpine environment provides is exceeding the worst climate warming scenarios. The provided mountains are high and large enough, these are conditions that cause alpine plant species diversity to be robust against climatic change. However, the areal extent of certain habitat types will shrink as isotherms move upslope, with the potential areal loss by the advance of the treeline by far outranging the gain in new land by glacier retreat globally.
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