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Zhou CY, Yang YL, Han ZY, Chen YX, Liu HL, Fan K, Li MC, Tu SH, Wen Q, Zhou XY, Ma L. Peripheral blood MR1 tetramer-positive mucosal-associated invariant T-cell function is modulated by mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 in patients with active tuberculosis. Immunology 2024; 173:497-510. [PMID: 39022997 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still an urgent global public health problem. Notably, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells play an important role in early anti-TB immune response. Targeted control of them may be an effective method to improve vaccine efficacy and TB treatment. However, the biology and signal regulation mechanisms of MAIT cells in TB patients are still poorly understood. Previous studies have been limited by the lack of reagents to specifically identify MAIT cells. In addition, the use of alternative markers may subsume non-MAIT cell into MAIT cell populations. In this study, the human MR1 tetramer which can specifically identify MAIT cells was used to further explore the effect and mechanism of MAIT cells in anti-TB immune response. Our results showed that the tetramer+ MAIT cells in peripheral blood of TB patients were mainly CD8+ or CD4-CD8- cells, and very few were CD4+ cells. After BCG infecting autologous antigen-presenting cells, MAIT cells in patients produced significantly higher levels of cytokines, lysis and proliferation compared with healthy controls. After suppression of mTORC1 by the mTORC1-specific inhibitor rapamycin, the immune response of MAIT cells in patients was significantly reduced. This study demonstrates that peripheral blood tetramer+ MAIT cells from TB patients have significant anti-TB immune effect, which is regulated by mTORC1. This could provide ideas and potential therapeutic targets for the development of novel anti-TB immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ying Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Long Yang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Han
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao-Xin Chen
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Lin Liu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Fan
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Chong Li
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Hang Tu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wen
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Ying Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Ma
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Niu L, Wang H, Luo G, Zhou J, Hu Z, Yan B. Advances in understanding immune homeostasis in latent tuberculosis infection. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1643. [PMID: 38351551 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Nearly one-fourth of the global population is infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and approximately 90%-95% remain asymptomatic as latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), an estimated 5%-10% of those with latent infections will eventually progress to active tuberculosis (ATB). Although it is widely accepted that LTBI transitioning to ATB results from a disruption of host immune balance and a weakening of protective immune responses, the exact underlying immunological mechanisms that promote this conversion are not well characterized. Thus, it is difficult to accurately predict tuberculosis (TB) progression in advance, leaving the LTBI population as a significant threat to TB prevention and control. This article systematically explores three aspects related to the immunoregulatory mechanisms and translational research about LTBI: (1) the distinct immunocytological characteristics of LTBI and ATB, (2) LTBI diagnostic markers discovery related to host anti-TB immunity and metabolic pathways, and (3) vaccine development focus on LTBI. This article is categorized under: Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Infectious Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Immune System Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfei Niu
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Geyang Luo
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhidong Hu
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yan
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Østergaard AA, Feddersen S, Barnkob MB, Lynggaard RB, Karstoft ACA, Borup M, Titlestad IL, Jensen TT, Hilberg O, Wejse C, Bjerrum S, Blaabjerg M, Assing K, Johansen IS. Whole-blood culture-derived cytokine combinations for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1397941. [PMID: 38933274 PMCID: PMC11199390 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1397941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) disease and TB infection (TBI) remains a challenge, and there is a need for non-invasive and blood-based methods to differentiate TB from conditions mimicking TB (CMTB), TBI, and healthy controls (HC). We aimed to determine whether combination of cytokines and established biomarkers could discriminate between 1) TB and CMTB 2) TB and TBI 3) TBI and HC. Methods We used hemoglobin, total white blood cell count, neutrophils, monocytes, C-reactive protein, and ten Meso Scale Discovery analyzed cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, interferon (IFN)-ɣ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) in TruCulture whole blood tubes stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), zymosan (ZYM), anti-CD3/28 (CD3), and unstimulated (Null) to develop three index tests able to differentiate TB from CMTB and TBI, and TBI from HC. Results In 52 persons with CMTB (n=9), TB (n=23), TBI (n=10), and HC (n=10), a combination of cytokines (LPS-IFN-ɣ, ZYM-IFN-ɣ, ZYM-TNF-α, ZYM-IL-1β, LPS-IL-4, and ZYM-IL-6) and neutrophil count could differentiate TB from CMTB with a sensitivity of 52.2% (95% CI: 30.9%-73.4%) and a specificity of 100 % (66.4%-100%). Null- IFN-ɣ, Null-IL-8, CD3-IL-6, CD3-IL-8, CD3-IL-13, and ZYM IL-1b discriminated TB from TBI with a sensitivity of 73.9% (56.5% - 91.3%) and a specificity of 100% (69.2-100). Cytokines and established biomarkers failed to differentiate TBI from HC with ≥ 98% specificity. Discussion Selected cytokines may serve as blood-based add-on tests to detect TB in a low-endemic setting, although these results need to be validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ahrens Østergaard
- Research Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren Feddersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mike B. Barnkob
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Amanda Cecilie Annie Karstoft
- Research Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Borup
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ingrid Louise Titlestad
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Respiratory Research Unit (ODIN), Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Ole Hilberg
- Department of Medicine, Vejle Hospital, Hospital Lillebælt, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Christian Wejse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Global Health (GloHAU), Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stephanie Bjerrum
- Research Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Blaabjerg
- Research Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristian Assing
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, Odense, Denmark
| | - Isik Somuncu Johansen
- Research Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Wei L, Chen Z, Lv Q. Mucosal-associated invariant T cells display both pathogenic and protective roles in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1819-1827. [PMID: 37819474 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
An important subtype of the innate-like T lymphocytes is mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells expressing a semi-invariant T cell receptor α (TCR-α) chain. MAIT cells could be activated mainly by TCR engagement or cytokines. They have been found to have essential roles in various immune mediated. There have been growing preclinical and clinical findings that show an association between MAIT cells and the physiopathology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Of note, published reports demonstrate contradictory findings regarding the role of MAIT cells in IBD patients. A number of reports suggests a protective effect, whereas others show a pathogenic impact. The present review article aimed to explore and discuss the findings of experimental and clinical investigations evaluating the effects of MAIT cells in IBD subjects and animal models. Findings indicate that MAIT cells could exert opposite effects in the course of IBD, including an anti-inflammatory protective effect of blood circulating MAIT cells and an effector pathogenic effect of colonic MAIT cells. Another important finding is that blood levels of MAIT cells can be considered as a potential biomarker in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Pudong New District Gongli Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Pudong New District Gongli Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Qiang Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Pudong New District Gongli Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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5
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Park KJ, Jin HM, Cho YN, Yoon JH, Kee SJ, Kim HS, Park YW. Altered Frequency, Activation, and Clinical Relevance of Circulating Innate and Innate-Like Lymphocytes in Patients With Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e22. [PMID: 37416928 PMCID: PMC10320422 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) is caused by chronic alcohol overconsumption and might be linked to dysregulated immune responses in the gut-liver axis. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on levels and functions of innate lymphocytes including mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, NKT cells, and NK (NK) cells in ALC patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the levels and function of these cells, evaluate their clinical relevance, and explore their immunologic roles in the pathogenesis of ALC. Peripheral blood samples from ALC patients (n = 31) and healthy controls (HCs, n = 31) were collected. MAIT cells, NKT cells, NK cells, cytokines, CD69, PD-1, and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) levels were measured by flow cytometry. Percentages and numbers of circulating MAIT cells, NKT cells, and NK cells were significantly reduced in ALC patients than in HCs. MAIT cell exhibited increased production of IL-17 and expression levels of CD69, PD-1, and LAG-3. NKT cells displayed decreased production of IFN-γ and IL-4. NK cells showed elevated CD69 expression. Absolute MAIT cell levels were positively correlated with lymphocyte count but negatively correlated with C-reactive protein. In addition, NKT cell levels were negatively correlated with hemoglobin levels. Furthermore, log-transformed absolute MAIT cell levels were negatively correlated with the Age, Bilirubin, INR, and Creatinine score. This study demonstrates that circulating MAIT cells, NKT cells, and NK cells are numerically deficient in ALC patients, and the degree of cytokine production and activation status also changed. Besides, some of their deficiencies are related to several clinical parameters. These findings provide important information about immune responses of ALC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Jeong Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Jin
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Nan Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Yoon
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Sin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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6
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Tim-3 expression is induced by mycobacterial antigens and identifies tissue-resident subsets of MAIT cells from patients with tuberculosis. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105021. [PMID: 35811063 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.105021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident MAIT cells in tuberculous pleural effusions, the site of tuberculosis infection, were investigated in the study. Tim-3+CD69+CD103+ and CD39+CD69+CD103+ tissue-resident MAIT cell subsets were identified in tuberculous pleural effusions. Tim-3 expression in MAIT cells was greatly induced and CD39 expression was elevated following ex vivo stimulation with Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. Mycobacterial antigen-stimulated Tim-3+CD69+CD103+ tissue-resident MAIT cells had higher frequency of IFN-γ- and granzyme B-producing cells than Tim-3-CD69+CD103+ subset, while CD39+CD69+CD103+ MAIT cells had similar frequency of IFN-γ-positive cells but higher ratio of granzyme B-producing cells than CD39-CD69+CD103+ subset. Blocking of IL-2, IL-12p70 or IL-18 but not IL-15 led to significantly reduced expression of Tim-3 compared with isotype antibody control. In contrast, CD39 expression was not influenced by any of the cytokines tested. Tim-3+ MAIT cells had higher levels of lipid uptake and lipid content than Tim-3- cells. It is concluded that Tim-3+CD69+CD103+ tissue-resident MAIT cells were elevated in tuberculous pleural effusions and had higher capacity to produce effector molecules of IFN-γ and granzyme B.
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Abstract
Mucosal Associated Invariant T cells (MAIT) exert potent antimicrobial activity through direct recognition of metabolite-MR1 complexes and indirect activation by inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, via licensing of antigen presenting cells, MAIT cells orchestrate humoral and cellular adaptive immunity. Our recent understanding of molecular mechanisms of MAIT cell activation, and of the signals required to differentiate them in polarised subsets, pave the way for harnessing their functionality through small molecules or adoptive cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariolina Salio
- Immunocore LTD, 92 Park Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RY, United Kingdom.
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Moreira MDL, Borges-Fernandes LO, Pascoal-Xavier MA, Ribeiro ÁL, Pereira VHS, Pediongco T, Araújo MSDS, Teixeira-Carvalho A, de Carvalho AL, Mourão MVA, Campos FA, Borges M, Carneiro M, Chen Z, Saunders E, McConville M, Tsuji M, McCluskey J, Martins-Filho OA, Eckle SBG, Coelho-dos-Reis JGA, Peruhype-Magalhães V. The role of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in visceral leishmaniasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:926446. [PMID: 36189274 PMCID: PMC9521739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.926446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are restricted by MR1 and are known to protect against bacterial and viral infections. Our understanding of the role of MAIT cells in parasitic infections, such as visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by protozoan parasites of Leishmania donovani, is limited. This study showed that in response to L. infantum, human peripheral blood MAIT cells from children with leishmaniasis produced TNF and IFN-γ in an MR1-dependent manner. The overall frequency of MAIT cells was inversely correlated with alanine aminotransferase levels, a specific marker of liver damage strongly associated with severe hepatic involvement in VL. In addition, there was a positive correlation between total protein levels and the frequency of IL-17A+ CD8+ MAIT cells, whereby reduced total protein levels are a marker of liver and kidney damage. Furthermore, the frequencies of IFN-γ+ and IL-10+ MAIT cells were inversely correlated with hemoglobin levels, a marker of severe anemia. In asymptomatic individuals and VL patients after treatment, MAIT cells also produced IL-17A, a cytokine signature associated with resistance to visceral leishmaniasis, suggesting that MAIT cells play important role in protecting against VL. In summary, these results broaden our understanding of MAIT-cell immunity to include protection against parasitic infections, with implications for MAIT-cell-based therapeutics and vaccines. At last, this study paves the way for the investigation of putative MAIT cell antigens that could exist in the context of Leishmania infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela de Lima Moreira
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-MINAS), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Marcelo Antônio Pascoal-Xavier
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-MINAS), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ágata Lopes Ribeiro
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-MINAS), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Troi Pediongco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-MINAS), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andrea Lucchesi de Carvalho
- João Paulo II Children’s Hospital, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia Alves Campos
- João Paulo II Children’s Hospital, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marineide Borges
- João Paulo II Children’s Hospital, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariângela Carneiro
- Parasitology Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Zhenjun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eleanor Saunders
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Malcolm McConville
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Sidonia Barbara Guiomar Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jordana Grazziela Alves Coelho-dos-Reis
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-MINAS), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Vanessa Peruhype-Magalhães, ; ; Jordana Grazziela Alves Coelho-dos-Reis, ;
| | - Vanessa Peruhype-Magalhães
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-MINAS), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Vanessa Peruhype-Magalhães, ; ; Jordana Grazziela Alves Coelho-dos-Reis, ;
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Kim OS, Park KJ, Jin HM, Cho YN, Kim YS, Kwon SH, Koh JT, Ju JK, Kee SJ, Park YW. Activation and increased production of interleukin-17 and tumour necrosis factor-α of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in patients with periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:706-716. [PMID: 35569027 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are known to be resident in oral mucosal tissue, but their roles in periodontitis are unknown. This study aimed to examine the level and function of MAIT cells in periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Frequency, activation, and function of MAIT cells from 28 periodontitis patients and 28 healthy controls (HCs) were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Circulating MAIT cells were numerically reduced in periodontitis patients. Moreover, they exhibited higher expression of CD69 and annexin V, together with more increased production of interleukin (IL)-17 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, in periodontitis patients than in HCs. Interestingly, periodontitis patients had higher frequencies of MAIT cells in gingival tissue than in peripheral blood. In addition, circulating MAIT cells had elevated expression of tissue-homing chemokine receptors such as CCR6 and CXCR6, and the corresponding chemokines (i.e., CCL20 and CXCL16) were more strongly expressed in inflamed gingiva than in healthy gingiva. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that circulating MAIT cells are numerically deficient with an activated profile toward the production of IL-17 and TNF-α in periodontitis patients. Furthermore, circulating MAIT cells have the potential to migrate to inflamed gingival tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Su Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jeong Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Jin
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Nan Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Seul Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Kwon
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyun Ju
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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10
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Gramegna A, Lombardi A, Lorè NI, Amati F, Barone I, Azzarà C, Cirillo D, Aliberti S, Gori A, Blasi F. Innate and Adaptive Lymphocytes in Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria Lung Disease: A Review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:927049. [PMID: 35837393 PMCID: PMC9273994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.927049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous environmental microorganisms capable of a wide range of infections that primarily involve the lymphatic system and the lower respiratory tract. In recent years, cases of lung infection sustained by NTM have been steadily increasing, due mainly to the ageing of the population with underlying lung disease, the enlargement of the cohort of patients undergoing immunosuppressive medications and the improvement in microbiologic diagnostic techniques. However, only a small proportion of individuals at risk ultimately develop the disease due to reasons that are not fully understood. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of NTM pulmonary disease is the key to the development of better diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets for anti-mycobacterial therapy. In this review, we cover the various types of interactions between NTM and lymphoid effectors of innate and adaptive immunity. We also give a brief look into the mechanism of immune exhaustion, a phenomenon of immune dysfunction originally reported for chronic viral infections and cancer, but recently also observed in the setting of mycobacterial diseases. We try to set the scene to postulate that a better knowledge of immune exhaustion can play a crucial role in establishing prognostic/predictive factors and enabling a broader investigation of immune-modulatory drugs in the experimental treatment of NTM pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gramegna
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Andrea Gramegna,
| | - Andrea Lombardi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola I. Lorè
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Amati
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Respiratory Unit, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Barone
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Azzarà
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Cirillo
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Respiratory Unit, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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11
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Soma S, Lewinsohn DA, Lewinsohn DM. Donor Unrestricted T Cells: Linking innate and adaptive immunity. Vaccine 2021; 39:7295-7299. [PMID: 34740474 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Donor Unrestricted T Cells (DURTs) are characterized by their use of antigen presentation molecules that are often invariant. As these cells recognize diverse mycobacterial antigens, often found in BCG, these cells have the potential to either serve as targets for vaccination, or as a means to enable the induction of traditional T and B cell immunity. Here, we will review specific DURT family members, and their relationship to BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Soma
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Deborah A Lewinsohn
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR. 97239, United States
| | - David M Lewinsohn
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Portland VA Medical Center, Oregon Health & Science University, United States.
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12
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Ryan ET, Leung DT, Jensen O, Weil AA, Bhuiyan TR, Khan AI, Chowdhury F, LaRocque RC, Harris JB, Calderwood SB, Qadri F, Charles RC. Systemic, Mucosal, and Memory Immune Responses following Cholera. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:192. [PMID: 34842841 PMCID: PMC8628923 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6040192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae O1, the major causative agent of cholera, remains a significant public health threat. Although there are available vaccines for cholera, the protection provided by killed whole-cell cholera vaccines in young children is poor. An obstacle to the development of improved cholera vaccines is the need for a better understanding of the primary mechanisms of cholera immunity and identification of improved correlates of protection. Considerable progress has been made over the last decade in understanding the adaptive and innate immune responses to cholera disease as well as V. cholerae infection. This review will assess what is currently known about the systemic, mucosal, memory, and innate immune responses to clinical cholera, as well as recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms and correlates of protection against V. cholerae O1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T. Ryan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (E.T.R.); (R.C.L.); (J.B.H.); (S.B.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel T. Leung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (D.T.L.); (O.J.)
| | - Owen Jensen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (D.T.L.); (O.J.)
| | - Ana A. Weil
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
| | - Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (T.R.B.); (A.I.K.); (F.C.); (F.Q.)
| | - Ashraful Islam Khan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (T.R.B.); (A.I.K.); (F.C.); (F.Q.)
| | - Fahima Chowdhury
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (T.R.B.); (A.I.K.); (F.C.); (F.Q.)
| | - Regina C. LaRocque
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (E.T.R.); (R.C.L.); (J.B.H.); (S.B.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jason B. Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (E.T.R.); (R.C.L.); (J.B.H.); (S.B.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Pediatric Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen B. Calderwood
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (E.T.R.); (R.C.L.); (J.B.H.); (S.B.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (T.R.B.); (A.I.K.); (F.C.); (F.Q.)
| | - Richelle C. Charles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (E.T.R.); (R.C.L.); (J.B.H.); (S.B.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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13
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Masina N, Bekiswa A, Shey M. Mucosal-associated invariant T cells in natural immunity and vaccination against infectious diseases in humans. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 71:1-5. [PMID: 33773437 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are subsets of T cells abundant in human mucosal tissues and in blood. These cells are activated directly by cytokines or by vitamin B metabolites antigen presentation. MAIT cells possess antimicrobial potential against viruses and bacteria through production of cytokines and cytotoxic molecules. MAIT cells generally reduce in numbers and function during viral and bacterial infections/diseases. Mice and humans lacking MAIT cells cannot effectively control bacterial infections. MAIT cells respond rapidly to infections and are rapidly recruited to the site of vaccination or infection including the lungs where they can be involved in controlling local inflammation. These characteristics of MAIT cells offer them a unique potential to be explored as potential targets for vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomawethu Masina
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Abulele Bekiswa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Muki Shey
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
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14
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Moriarty RV, Ellis AL, O’Connor SL. Monkeying around with MAIT Cells: Studying the Role of MAIT Cells in SIV and Mtb Co-Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:863. [PMID: 34066765 PMCID: PMC8151491 DOI: 10.3390/v13050863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There were an estimated 10 million new cases of tuberculosis (TB) disease in 2019. While over 90% of individuals successfully control Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, which causes TB disease, HIV co-infection often leads to active TB disease. Despite the co-endemic nature of HIV and TB, knowledge of the immune mechanisms contributing to the loss of control of Mtb replication during HIV infection is lacking. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells that target and destroy bacterially-infected cells and may contribute to the control of Mtb infection. Studies examining MAIT cells in human Mtb infection are commonly performed using peripheral blood samples. However, because Mtb infection occurs primarily in lung tissue and lung-associated lymph nodes, these studies may not be fully translatable to the tissues. Additionally, studies longitudinally examining MAIT cell dynamics during HIV/Mtb co-infection are rare, and lung and lymph node tissue samples from HIV+ patients are typically unavailable. Nonhuman primates (NHP) provide a model system to characterize MAIT cell activity during Mtb infection, both in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-infected and SIV-naïve animals. Using NHPs allows for a more comprehensive understanding of tissue-based MAIT cell dynamics during infection with both pathogens. NHP SIV and Mtb infection is similar to human HIV and Mtb infection, and MAIT cells are phenotypically similar in humans and NHPs. Here, we discuss current knowledge surrounding MAIT cells in SIV and Mtb infection, how SIV infection impairs MAIT cell function during Mtb co-infection, and knowledge gaps to address.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shelby L. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA; (R.V.M.); (A.L.E.)
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15
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains an infectious disease of global significance and a
leading cause of death in low- and middle-income countries. Significant effort
has been directed towards understanding Mycobacterium
tuberculosis genomics, virulence, and pathophysiology within the
framework of Koch postulates. More recently, the advent of “-omics” approaches
has broadened our appreciation of how “commensal” microbes have coevolved with
their host and have a central role in shaping health and susceptibility to
disease. It is now clear that there is a diverse repertoire of interactions
between the microbiota and host immune responses that can either sustain or
disrupt homeostasis. In the context of the global efforts to combatting TB, such
findings and knowledge have raised important questions: Does microbiome
composition indicate or determine susceptibility or resistance to
M. tuberculosis infection? Is the
development of active disease or latent infection upon M.
tuberculosis exposure influenced by the microbiome? Does
microbiome composition influence TB therapy outcome and risk of reinfection with
M. tuberculosis? Can the microbiome be
actively managed to reduce risk of M.
tuberculosis infection or recurrence of TB? Here, we
explore these questions with a particular focus on microbiome-immune
interactions that may affect TB susceptibility, manifestation and progression,
the long-term implications of anti-TB therapy, as well as the potential of the
host microbiome as target for clinical manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Mori
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty
of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty
of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty
of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
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16
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Suliman S, Gela A, Mendelsohn SC, Iwany SK, Tamara KL, Mabwe S, Bilek N, Darboe F, Fisher M, Corbett AJ, Kjer-Nielsen L, Eckle SBG, Huang CC, Zhang Z, Lewinsohn DM, McCluskey J, Rossjohn J, Hatherill M, León SR, Calderon RI, Lecca L, Murray M, Scriba TJ, Van Rhijn I, Moody DB. Peripheral Blood Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Tuberculosis Patients and Healthy Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Exposed Controls. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:995-1007. [PMID: 32267943 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In human blood, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are abundant T cells that recognize antigens presented on non-polymorphic major histocompatibility complex-related 1 (MR1) molecules. The MAIT cells are activated by mycobacteria, and prior human studies indicate that blood frequencies of MAIT cells, defined by cell surface markers, decline during tuberculosis (TB) disease, consistent with redistribution to the lungs. METHODS We tested whether frequencies of blood MAIT cells were altered in patients with TB disease relative to healthy Mycobacterium tuberculosis-exposed controls from Peru and South Africa. We quantified their frequencies using MR1 tetramers loaded with 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-D-ribitylaminouracil. RESULTS Unlike findings from prior studies, frequencies of blood MAIT cells were similar among patients with TB disease and latent and uninfected controls. In both cohorts, frequencies of MAIT cells defined by MR1-tetramer staining and coexpression of CD161 and the T-cell receptor alpha variable gene TRAV1-2 were strongly correlated. Disease severity captured by body mass index or TB disease transcriptional signatures did not correlate with MAIT cell frequencies in patients with TB. CONCLUSIONS Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-related 1-restrictied MAIT cells are detected at similar levels with tetramers or surface markers. Unlike MHC-restricted T cells, blood frequencies of MAIT cells are poor correlates of TB disease but may play a role in pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Suliman
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anele Gela
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simon C Mendelsohn
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sarah K Iwany
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kattya Lopez Tamara
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Simbarashe Mabwe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicole Bilek
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fatoumatta Darboe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michelle Fisher
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alexandra J Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lars Kjer-Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sidonia B G Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chuan-Chin Huang
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, and Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zibiao Zhang
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, and Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David M Lewinsohn
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Leonid Lecca
- Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Lima, Peru.,Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, and Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Megan Murray
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, and Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Ruibal P, Voogd L, Joosten SA, Ottenhoff THM. The role of donor-unrestricted T-cells, innate lymphoid cells, and NK cells in anti-mycobacterial immunity. Immunol Rev 2021; 301:30-47. [PMID: 33529407 PMCID: PMC8154655 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination strategies against mycobacteria, focusing mostly on classical T‐ and B‐cells, have shown limited success, encouraging the addition of alternative targets. Classically restricted T‐cells recognize antigens presented via highly polymorphic HLA class Ia and class II molecules, while donor‐unrestricted T‐cells (DURTs), with few exceptions, recognize ligands via genetically conserved antigen presentation molecules. Consequently, DURTs can respond to the same ligands across diverse human populations. DURTs can be activated either through cognate TCR ligation or via bystander cytokine signaling. TCR‐driven antigen‐specific activation of DURTs occurs upon antigen presentation via non‐polymorphic molecules such as HLA‐E, CD1, MR1, and butyrophilin, leading to the activation of HLA‐E–restricted T‐cells, CD1‐restricted T‐cells, mucosal‐associated invariant T‐cells (MAITs), and TCRγδ T‐cells, respectively. NK cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which lack rearranged TCRs, are activated through other receptor‐triggering pathways, or can be engaged through bystander cytokines, produced, for example, by activated antigen‐specific T‐cells or phagocytes. NK cells can also develop trained immune memory and thus could represent cells of interest to mobilize by novel vaccines. In this review, we summarize the latest findings regarding the contributions of DURTs, NK cells, and ILCs in anti–M tuberculosis, M leprae, and non‐tuberculous mycobacterial immunity and explore possible ways in which they could be harnessed through vaccines and immunotherapies to improve protection against Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ruibal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Voogd
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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18
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Reijneveld JF, Holzheimer M, Young DC, Lopez K, Suliman S, Jimenez J, Calderon R, Lecca L, Murray MB, Ishikawa E, Yamasaki S, Minnaard AJ, Moody DB, Van Rhijn I. Synthetic mycobacterial diacyl trehaloses reveal differential recognition by human T cell receptors and the C-type lectin Mincle. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2010. [PMID: 33479373 PMCID: PMC7820438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is composed of diverse glycolipids which potentially interact with the human immune system. To overcome difficulties in obtaining pure compounds from bacterial extracts, we recently synthesized three forms of mycobacterial diacyltrehalose (DAT) that differ in their fatty acid composition, DAT1, DAT2, and DAT3. To study the potential recognition of DATs by human T cells, we treated the lipid-binding antigen presenting molecule CD1b with synthetic DATs and looked for T cells that bound the complex. DAT1- and DAT2-treated CD1b tetramers were recognized by T cells, but DAT3-treated CD1b tetramers were not. A T cell line derived using CD1b-DAT2 tetramers showed that there is no cross-reactivity between DATs in an IFN-γ release assay, suggesting that the chemical structure of the fatty acid at the 3-position determines recognition by T cells. In contrast with the lack of recognition of DAT3 by human T cells, DAT3, but not DAT1 or DAT2, activates Mincle. Thus, we show that the mycobacterial lipid DAT can be both an antigen for T cells and an agonist for the innate Mincle receptor, and that small chemical differences determine recognition by different parts of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine F Reijneveld
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mira Holzheimer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David C Young
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kattya Lopez
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Socios En Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Sara Suliman
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | - Megan B Murray
- Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eri Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Adriaan J Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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19
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Cho YN, Jeong HS, Park KJ, Kim HS, Kim EH, Jin HM, Jung HJ, Ju JK, Choi SE, Kang JH, Park DJ, Kim TJ, Lee SS, Kee SJ, Park YW. Altered distribution and enhanced osteoclastogenesis of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in gouty arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:2124-2134. [PMID: 32087015 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate the role of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in gouty arthritis (GA) and their effects on osteoclastogenesis. METHODS Patients with GA (n = 61), subjects with hyperuricaemia (n = 11) and healthy controls (n = 30) were enrolled in this study. MAIT cells, cytokines, CD69, programmed death-1 (PD-1) and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) levels were measured by flow cytometry. In vitro osteoclastogenesis experiments were performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of M-CSF and RANK ligand. RESULTS Circulating MAIT cell levels were significantly reduced in GA patients. However, their capacities for IFN-γ, IL-17 and TNF-α production were preserved. Expression levels of CD69, PD-1 and LAG-3 in MAIT cells were found to be elevated in GA patients. In particular, CD69 expression in circulating MAIT cells was increased by stimulation with MSU crystals, suggesting that deposition of MSU crystals might contribute to MAIT cell activation. Interestingly, MAIT cells were found to be accumulated in synovial fluid and infiltrated into gouty tophus tissues within joints. Furthermore, activated MAIT cells secreted pro-resorptive cytokines (i.e. IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α) and facilitated osteoclastogenesis. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that circulating MAIT cells are activated and numerically deficient in GA patients. In addition, MAIT cells have the potential to migrate to inflamed tissues and induce osteoclastogenesis. These findings provide an important role of MAIT cells in the pathogenesis of inflammation and bone destruction in GA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Nan Cho
- Department of RheumatologyChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Seong Jeong
- Department of RheumatologyChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jeong Park
- Department of RheumatologyChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Department of Forensic MedicineChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Department of Forensic MedicineChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Jin
- Department of RheumatologyChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Jung
- Department of RheumatologyChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyun Ju
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Choi
- Department of RheumatologyChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyoun Kang
- Department of RheumatologyChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Park
- Department of RheumatologyChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jong Kim
- Department of RheumatologyChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Seok Lee
- Department of RheumatologyChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Park
- Department of RheumatologyChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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20
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Sakai S, Lora NE, Kauffman KD, Dorosky DE, Oh S, Namasivayam S, Gomez F, Fleegle JD, Arlehamn CSL, Sette A, Sher A, Freeman GJ, Via LE, Barry III CE, Barber DL. Functional inactivation of pulmonary MAIT cells following 5-OP-RU treatment of non-human primates. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1055-1066. [PMID: 34158594 PMCID: PMC8217205 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Targeting MAIT cells holds promise for the treatment of different diseases and infections. We previously showed that treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected mice with 5-OP-RU, a major antigen for MAIT cells, expands MAIT cells and enhances bacterial control. Here we treated M. tuberculosis infected rhesus macaques with 5-OP-RU intratracheally but found no clinical or microbiological benefit. In fact, after 5-OP-RU treatment MAIT cells did not expand, but rather upregulated PD-1 and lost the ability to produce multiple cytokines, a phenotype resembling T cell exhaustion. Furthermore, we show that vaccination of uninfected macaques with 5-OP-RU+CpG instillation into the lungs also drives MAIT cell dysfunction, and PD-1 blockade during vaccination partly prevents the loss of MAIT cell function without facilitating their expansion. Thus, in rhesus macaques MAIT cells are prone to the loss of effector functions rather than expansion after TCR stimulation in vivo, representing a significant barrier to therapeutically targeting these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Sakai
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Nickiana E. Lora
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Keith D. Kauffman
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Danielle E. Dorosky
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Sangmi Oh
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Sivaranjani Namasivayam
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Felipe Gomez
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Joel D. Fleegle
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | | | - Alessandro Sette
- grid.185006.a0000 0004 0461 3162Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Alan Sher
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Gordon J. Freeman
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Laura E. Via
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA ,grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA ,grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Clifton E. Barry III
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA ,grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Daniel L. Barber
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA
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21
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MAIT cells, guardians of skin and mucosa? Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:803-814. [PMID: 33753874 PMCID: PMC7983967 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells are evolutionary conserved innate-like T cells able to recognize bacterial and fungal ligands derived from vitamin B biosynthesis. These cells are particularly present in liver and blood but also populate mucosal sites including skin, oral, intestinal, respiratory, and urogenital tracts that are in contact with the environment and microbiota of their host. Growing evidence suggests important involvement of MAIT cells in safeguarding the mucosa against external microbial threats. Simultaneously, mucosal MAIT cells have been implicated in immune and inflammatory pathologies affecting these organs. Here, we review the specificities of mucosal MAIT cells, their functions in the protection and maintenance of mucosal barriers, and their interactions with other mucosal cells.
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22
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MAIT cell-directed therapy of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:199-208. [PMID: 32811991 PMCID: PMC7790750 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are potential targets of vaccination and host-directed therapeutics for tuberculosis, but the role of MAIT cells during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in vivo is not well understood. Here we find that following Mtb infection MAIT cells mount minimal responses, and MAIT cell-deficient MR1-/- mice display normal survival. Preinfection expansion of MAIT cells through 5-OP-RU vaccination fails to protect against subsequent Mtb challenge. In fact, 5-OP-RU vaccination delays Mtb-specific CD4 T cell priming in lung-draining lymph nodes, and conversely MR1 deficiency or blockade accelerates T cell priming. The MAIT cell-mediated delay in T cell priming is partly dependent on TGF-β. Surprisingly, 5-OP-RU treatment during chronic infection drives MAIT cell expansion and an IL-17A-dependent reduction in bacterial loads. Thus, during early infection MAIT cells directly contribute to the notoriously slow priming of CD4 T cells, but later during infection MAIT cell stimulation may be an effective host-directed therapy for tuberculosis.
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23
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Emerging Role for MAIT Cells in Control of Antimicrobial Resistance. Trends Microbiol 2020; 29:504-516. [PMID: 33353796 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a serious threat to global public health as antibiotics are losing effectiveness due to rapid development of resistance. The human immune system facilitates control and clearance of resistant bacterial populations during the course of antimicrobial therapy. Here we review current knowledge of mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, an arm of the immune system on the border between innate and adaptive, and their critical place in human antibacterial immunity. We propose that MAIT cells play important roles against antimicrobial-resistant infections through their capacity to directly clear multidrug-resistant bacteria and overcome mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance. Finally, we discuss outstanding questions pertinent to the possible advancement of host-directed therapy as an alternative intervention strategy for antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections.
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24
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Efficient 5-OP-RU-Induced Enrichment of Mucosa-Associated Invariant T Cells in the Murine Lung Does Not Enhance Control of Aerosol Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Infect Immun 2020; 89:IAI.00524-20. [PMID: 33077620 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00524-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an innate-like T cell subset in mammals that recognize microbial vitamin B metabolites presented by the evolutionarily conserved major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I)-related molecule, MR1. Emerging data suggest that MAIT cells may be an attractive target for vaccine-induced protection against bacterial infections because of their rapid cytotoxic responses at mucosal services to a widely conserved bacterial ligand. In this study, we tested whether a MAIT cell priming strategy could protect against aerosol Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. Intranasal costimulation with the lipopeptide Toll-like receptor (TLR)2/6 agonist, Pam2Cys (P2C), and the synthetic MR1 ligand, 5-OP-RU, resulted in robust expansion of MAIT cells in the lung. Although MAIT cell priming significantly enhanced MAIT cell activation and expansion early after M. tuberculosis challenge, these MAIT cells did not restrict M. tuberculosis bacterial load. MAIT cells were depleted by the onset of the adaptive immune response, with decreased detection of granzyme B+ and gamma interferon (IFN-γ)+ MAIT cells relative to that in uninfected P2C/5-OP-RU-treated mice. Decreasing the infectious inoculum, varying the time between priming and aerosol infection, and testing MAIT cell priming in nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2)-deficient mice all failed to reveal an effect of P2C/5-OP-RU-induced MAIT cells on M. tuberculosis control. We conclude that intranasal MAIT cell priming in mice induces early MAIT cell activation and expansion after M. tuberculosis exposure, without attenuating M. tuberculosis growth, suggesting that MAIT cell enrichment in the lung is not sufficient to control M. tuberculosis infection.
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25
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Immune defence to invasive fungal infections: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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26
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La Manna MP, Orlando V, Tamburini B, Badami GD, Dieli F, Caccamo N. Harnessing Unconventional T Cells for Immunotherapy of Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2107. [PMID: 33013888 PMCID: PMC7497315 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Even if the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has been decreasing over the last years, the number of patients with TB is increasing worldwide. The emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant TB is making control of TB more difficult. Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine fails to prevent pulmonary TB in adults, and there is an urgent need for a vaccine that is also effective in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection. Therefore, TB control may benefit on novel therapeutic options beyond antimicrobial treatment. Host-directed immunotherapies could offer therapeutic strategies for patients with drug-resistant TB or with HIV and TB coinfection. In the last years, the use of donor lymphocytes after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has emerged as a new strategy in the cure of hematologic malignancies in order to induce graft-versus leukemia and graft-versus-infection effects. Moreover, adoptive therapy has proven to be effective in controlling cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation in immunocompromised patients with ex vivo expanded viral antigen-specific T cells. Unconventional T cells are a heterogeneous group of T lymphocytes with limited diversity. One of their characteristics is that antigen recognition is not restricted by the classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC). They include CD1 (cluster of differentiation 1)–restricted T cells, MHC-related protein-1–restricted mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, MHC class Ib–reactive T cells, and γδ T cells. Because these T cells are genotype-independent, they are also termed “donor unrestricted” T cells. The combined features of low donor diversity and the lack of genetic restriction make these cells suitable candidates for T cell–based immunotherapy of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco P La Manna
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Orlando
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Bartolo Tamburini
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giusto D Badami
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Caccamo
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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27
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Ogongo P, Steyn AJ, Karim F, Dullabh KJ, Awala I, Madansein R, Leslie A, Behar SM. Differential skewing of donor-unrestricted and γδ T cell repertoires in tuberculosis-infected human lungs. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:214-230. [PMID: 31763997 PMCID: PMC6934215 DOI: 10.1172/jci130711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unconventional T cells that recognize mycobacterial antigens are of great interest as potential vaccine targets against tuberculosis (TB). This includes donor-unrestricted T cells (DURTs), such as mucosa-associated invariant T cells (MAITs), CD1-restricted T cells, and γδ T cells. We exploited the distinctive nature of DURTs and γδ T cell receptors (TCRs) to investigate the involvement of these T cells during TB in the human lung by global TCR sequencing. Making use of surgical lung resections, we investigated the distribution, frequency, and characteristics of TCRs in lung tissue and matched blood from individuals infected with TB. Despite depletion of MAITs and certain CD1-restricted T cells from the blood, we found that the DURT repertoire was well preserved in the lungs, irrespective of disease status or HIV coinfection. The TCRδ repertoire, in contrast, was highly skewed in the lungs, where it was dominated by Vδ1 and distinguished by highly localized clonal expansions, consistent with the nonrecirculating lung-resident γδ T cell population. These data show that repertoire sequencing is a powerful tool for tracking T cell subsets during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ogongo
- Africa Health Research Institute and.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Kaylesh J Dullabh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ismael Awala
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rajhmun Madansein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Alasdair Leslie
- Africa Health Research Institute and.,Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel M Behar
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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28
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Pisarska MM, Dunne MR, O'Shea D, Hogan AE. Interleukin‐17 producing mucosal associated invariant T cells ‐ emerging players in chronic inflammatory diseases? Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1098-1108. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta M. Pisarska
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health ResearchMaynooth University Kildare Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre Dublin Ireland
| | - Margaret R. Dunne
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of SurgerySt James's Hospital Dublin Ireland
- Trinity St James's Cancer InstituteSt James's Hospital Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Donal O'Shea
- Obesity Immunology Group, Education and Research Centre, St Vincent's University HospitalUniversity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Andrew E. Hogan
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health ResearchMaynooth University Kildare Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre Dublin Ireland
- Obesity Immunology Group, Education and Research Centre, St Vincent's University HospitalUniversity College Dublin Ireland
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29
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Ju JK, Cho YN, Park KJ, Kwak HD, Jin HM, Park SY, Kim HS, Kee SJ, Park YW. Activation, Deficiency, and Reduced IFN-γ Production of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Innate Immun 2020; 12:422-434. [PMID: 32535589 DOI: 10.1159/000507931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells that can activate either in response to T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement or through activating cytokines and play an important role in autoimmune disorders. The study examined the level and function of MAIT cells in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Circulating MAIT cell levels were significantly reduced in IBD patients. This MAIT cell deficiency was correlated with IBD disease activity grades, hemoglobin, and CRP. IFN-γ production of circulating MAIT cells in response to both MHC class 1b-like related protein (MR1)-dependent and -independent stimulations was decreased in IBD patients, which was partially associated with reduced activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFAT1) transcription factor, a main regulator of IFN-γ production. Expression levels of CD69, programmed death-1 (PD-1), and annexin V in MAIT cells were elevated in IBD patients. CCL20, CXCL10, CXCL16, and CCL25 were expressed higher in inflamed intestinal tissues than in noninflamed tissues. This study demonstrates that circulating MAIT cells are activated and numerically and functionally deficient in IBD patients. Furthermore, activated MAIT cells have the potential to migrate to inflamed tissues. These findings suggest an important role of MAIT cells in mucosal immunity in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyun Ju
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Nan Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jeong Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Deok Kwak
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Jin
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Young Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea,
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30
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Sharma M, Zhang S, Niu L, Lewinsohn DM, Zhang X, Huang S. Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells Develop an Innate-Like Transcriptomic Program in Anti-mycobacterial Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1136. [PMID: 32582206 PMCID: PMC7295940 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional T cells exhibit a delayed response to the initial priming of peptide antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins. Unlike conventional T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells quickly respond to non-peptidic metabolite antigens presented by MHC-related protein 1 (MR1). To elucidate the MR1-dependent activation program of MAIT cells in response to mycobacterial infections, we determined the surface markers, transcriptomic profiles, and effector responses of activated human MAIT cells. Results revealed that mycobacterial-incubated antigen-presenting cells stimulated abundant human CD8+ MAIT cells to upregulate the co-expression of CD69 and CD26, as a combinatorial activation marker. Further transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that CD69+CD26++ CD8+MAIT cells highly expressed numerous genes for mediating anti-mycobacterial immune responses, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, cytolytic molecules, NK cell receptors, and transcription factors, in contrast to inactivated counterparts CD69+/−CD26+/− CD8+MAIT cells. Gene co-expression, enrichment, and pathway analyses yielded high statistical significance to strongly support that activated CD8+ MAIT cells shared gene expression and numerous pathways with NK and CD8+ T cells in activation, cytokine production, cytokine signaling, and effector functions. Flow cytometry detected that activated CD8+MAIT cells produced TNFα, IFNγ, and granulysin to inhibit mycobacterial growth and fight mycobacterial infection. Together, results strongly support that the combinatorial activation marker CD69+CD26++ labels the activated CD8+MAIT cells that develop an innate-like activation program in anti-mycobacterial immune responses. We speculate that the rapid production of anti-mycobacterial effector molecules facilitates MAIT cells to fight early mycobacterial infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Sharma
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Shuangmin Zhang
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Liang Niu
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - David M Lewinsohn
- Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Genomics, Epigenomics and Sequencing Core, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Shouxiong Huang
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Immunobiology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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31
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Ellis AL, Balgeman AJ, Larson EC, Rodgers MA, Ameel C, Baranowski T, Kannal N, Maiello P, Juno JA, Scanga CA, O’Connor SL. MAIT cells are functionally impaired in a Mauritian cynomolgus macaque model of SIV and Mtb co-infection. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008585. [PMID: 32433713 PMCID: PMC7266356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells can recognize and respond to some bacterially infected cells. Several in vitro and in vivo models of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection suggest that MAIT cells can contribute to control of Mtb, but these studies are often cross-sectional and use peripheral blood cells. Whether MAIT cells are recruited to Mtb-affected granulomas and lymph nodes (LNs) during early Mtb infection and what purpose they might serve there is less well understood. Furthermore, whether HIV/SIV infection impairs MAIT cell frequency or function at the sites of Mtb replication has not been determined. Using Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCM), we phenotyped MAIT cells in the peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) before and during infection with SIVmac239. To test the hypothesis that SIV co-infection impairs MAIT cell frequency and function within granulomas, SIV+ and -naïve MCM were infected with a low dose of Mtb Erdman, and necropsied at 6 weeks post Mtb-challenge. MAIT cell frequency and function were examined within the peripheral blood, BAL, and Mtb-affected lymph nodes (LN) and granulomas. MAIT cells did not express markers indicative of T cell activation in response to Mtb in vivo within granulomas in animals infected with Mtb alone. SIV and Mtb co-infection led to increased expression of the activation/exhaustion markers PD-1 and TIGIT, and decreased ability to secrete TNFα when compared to SIV-naïve MCM. Our study provides evidence that SIV infection does not prohibit the recruitment of MAIT cells to sites of Mtb infection, but does functionally impair those MAIT cells. Their impaired function could have impacts, either direct or indirect, on the long-term containment of TB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Ellis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alexis J. Balgeman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Erica C. Larson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Rodgers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Cassaundra Ameel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tonilynn Baranowski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nadean Kannal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Charles A. Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shelby L. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Chai Q, Lu Z, Liu CH. Host defense mechanisms against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1859-1878. [PMID: 31720742 PMCID: PMC11104961 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains the leading cause of death worldwide from a single infectious pathogen. Mtb is a paradigmatic intracellular pathogen that primarily invades the lungs after host inhalation of bacteria-containing droplets via the airway. However, the majority of Mtb-exposed individuals can spontaneously control the infection by virtue of a robust immune defense system. The mucosal barriers of the respiratory tract shape the first-line defense against Mtb through various mucosal immune responses. After arriving at the alveoli, the surviving mycobacteria further encounter a set of host innate immune cells that exert multiple cellular bactericidal functions. Adaptive immunity, predominantly mediated by a range of different T cell and B cell subsets, is subsequently activated and participates in host anti-mycobacterial defense. During Mtb infection, host bactericidal immune responses are exquisitely adjusted and balanced by multifaceted mechanisms, including genetic and epigenetic regulation, metabolic regulation and neuroendocrine regulation, which are indispensable for maintaining host immune efficiency and avoiding excessive tissue injury. A better understanding of the integrated and equilibrated host immune defense system against Mtb will contribute to the development of rational TB treatment regimens especially novel host-directed therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyao Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Zhe Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cui Hua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Estévez O, Anibarro L, Garet E, Martínez A, Pena A, Barcia L, Peleteiro M, González-Fernández Á. Multi-parameter flow cytometry immunophenotyping distinguishes different stages of tuberculosis infection. J Infect 2020; 81:57-71. [PMID: 32330526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify new potential host biomarkers in blood to discriminate between active TB patients, uninfected (NoTBI) and latently infected contacts (LTBI). METHODS A blood cell count was performed to study parent leukocyte populations. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and a multi-parameter flow cytometry assay was conducted to study the distribution of basal and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-stimulated lymphocytes. Differences between groups and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were investigated to assess the diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS Active TB patients presented higher Monocyte-to-lymphocyte and Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios than LTBI and NoTBI contacts (p<0.0001; AUC>0.8). Lymphocyte subsets with differences (p >0.05; AUC >0.7) between active TB and both contact groups include the basal distribution of Th1/Th2 ratio, Th1-Th17, CD4+ Central Memory (TCM) or MAIT cells. Expression of CD154 is increased in Mtb-activated CD4+ TCM and Effector Memory T cells in active TB and LTBI compared to NoTBI. In CD4+T cells, expression of CD154 showed a higher accuracy than IFNγ to discriminate Mtb-specific activation. CONCLUSIONS We identified different cell subsets with potential use in tuberculosis diagnosis. Among them, distribution of CD4 TCM cells and their expression of CD154 after Mtb-activation are the most promising candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Estévez
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Immunology Group, Campus universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS-GS), Spain
| | - Luis Anibarro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS-GS), Spain; GEIM -Grupo de Estudio de Micobacterias de la Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, Spain; Tuberculosis Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Pontevedra Hospital Complex, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Elina Garet
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Immunology Group, Campus universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS-GS), Spain
| | - Amparo Martínez
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Immunology Group, Campus universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS-GS), Spain
| | - Alberto Pena
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS-GS), Spain; Tuberculosis Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Pontevedra Hospital Complex, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Laura Barcia
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS-GS), Spain; Tuberculosis Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Pontevedra Hospital Complex, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Mercedes Peleteiro
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Campus universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - África González-Fernández
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Immunology Group, Campus universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS-GS), Spain.
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) host defense depends on cellular immunity, including macrophages and adaptively acquired CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. More recently, roles for new immune components, including neutrophils, innate T cells, and B cells, have been defined, and the understanding of the function of macrophages and adaptively acquired T cells has been advanced. Moreover, the understanding of TB immunology elucidates TB infection and disease as a spectrum. Finally, determinates of TB host defense, such as age and comorbidities, affect clinical expression of TB disease. Herein, the authors comprehensively review TB immunology with an emphasis on new advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Lewinsohn
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3710 Southwest U.S. Veterans Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Deborah A Lewinsohn
- Oregon Health and Science University, 707 Southwest Gaines Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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35
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Bile Acid Profile and its Changes in Response to Cefoperazone Treatment in MR1 Deficient Mice. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10040127. [PMID: 32225042 PMCID: PMC7241087 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10040127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal associated invariant T-cells (MAIT cells) are activated following recognition of bacterial antigens (riboflavin intermediates) presented on major histocompatibility complex class I-related molecule (MR1). Our previous study showed that MR1−/− knock-out (KO) mice (lacking MAIT cells) harbor a unique microbiota that is resistant to antibiotic disruption and Clostridioides difficile colonization. While we have characterized the microbiota of this mouse strain, changes in global metabolic activity in these KO mice have not been assessed. Here, LC/MS-based untargeted metabolomics was applied to investigate the differences in the metabolome, specifically in the bile acid (BA) profile of wild-type (WT) and MR1−/− KO mice, as well as how antibiotics change these profiles. BA changes were evaluated in the intestinal content, cecum content, and stool samples from MR1−/− mice and WT mice treated with cefoperazone (Cef). Fecal pellets were collected daily and both intestinal and cecal contents were harvested at predetermined endpoints on day 0 (D0), day 1 (D1), day 3 (D3), and day 5 (D5). KO mice exhibited no changes in 6-hydroxymethyl-8-D-ribityllumazine (rRL-6-CH2OH; an MR1-restricted riboflavin derivative) in the stool samples at either time point vs. D0, while WT mice showed significant decreases in rRL-6-CH2OH in the stool samples on all treatment days vs. D0. Metabolomics analysis from cecal and stool samples showed that KO mice had more total BA intensity (KO/WT = ~1.7 and ~3.3 fold higher) than that from WT mice prior to Cef treatment, while the fold change difference (KO/WT = ~4.5 and ~4.4 fold) increased after five days of Cef treatment. Both KO and WT mice showed decreases in total BA intensity in response to Cef treatment, however, less dramatic decreases were present in KO vs. WT mice. Increases in taurocholic acid (TCA) intensity and decreases in deoxycholic acid (DCA) intensity in the stool samples from WT mice were associated with the depletion of certain gut bacteria, which was consistent with the previously reported microbiome data. Furthermore, the non-detected TCA and relatively higher DCA intensity in the KO mice might be related to Clostridioides difficile infection resistance, although this needs further investigation.
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36
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Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unique innate-like T cells that bridge innate and adaptive immunity. They are activated by conserved bacterial ligands derived from vitamin B biosynthesis and have important roles in defence against bacterial and viral infections. However, they can also have various deleterious and protective functions in autoimmune, inflammatory and metabolic diseases. MAIT cell involvement in a large spectrum of pathological conditions makes them attractive targets for potential therapeutic approaches.
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37
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Lopez K, Iwany SK, Suliman S, Reijneveld JF, Ocampo TA, Jimenez J, Calderon R, Lecca L, Murray MB, Moody DB, Van Rhijn I. CD1b Tetramers Broadly Detect T Cells That Correlate With Mycobacterial Exposure but Not Tuberculosis Disease State. Front Immunol 2020; 11:199. [PMID: 32117314 PMCID: PMC7033476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-polymorphic nature of CD1 proteins creates a situation in which T cells with invariant T cell receptors (TCRs), like CD1d-specific NKT cells, are present in all humans. CD1b is an abundant protein on human dendritic cells that presents M. tuberculosis (Mtb) lipid antigens to T cells. Analysis of T cell clones suggested that semi-invariant TCRs exist in the CD1b system, but their prevalence in humans is not known. Here we used CD1b tetramers loaded with mycolic acid or glucose monomycolate to study polyclonal T cells from 150 Peruvian subjects. We found that CD1b tetramers loaded with mycolic acid or glucose monomycolate antigens stained TRAV1-2+ GEM T cells or TRBV4-1+ LDN5-like T cells in the majority of subjects tested, at rates ~10-fold lower than NKT cells. Thus, GEM T cells and LDN5-like T cells are a normal part of the human immune system. Unlike prior studies measuring MHC- or CD1b-mediated activation, this large-scale tetramer study found no significant differences in rates of CD1b tetramer-mycobacterial lipid staining of T cells among subjects with Mtb exposure, latent Mtb infection or active tuberculosis (TB) disease. In all subjects, including “uninfected” subjects, CD1b tetramer+ T cells expressed memory markers at high levels. However, among controls with lower mycobacterial antigen exposure in Boston, we found significantly lower frequencies of T cells staining with CD1b tetramers loaded with mycobacterial lipids. These data link CD1b-specific T cell detection to mycobacterial exposure, but not TB disease status, which potentially explains differences in outcomes among CD1-based clinical studies, which used control subjects with low Mtb exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kattya Lopez
- Socios En Salud, Lima, Peru.,Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah K Iwany
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sara Suliman
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Josephine F Reijneveld
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tonatiuh A Ocampo
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Megan B Murray
- Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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38
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Jiang J, Cao Z, Qu J, Liu H, Han H, Cheng X. PD-1-expressing MAIT cells from patients with tuberculosis exhibit elevated production of CXCL13. Scand J Immunol 2020; 91:e12858. [PMID: 31833092 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To understand functional role of PD-1-expressing MAIT cells during tuberculosis infection in humans, sorted PD-1+ and PD-1- MAIT cells from pleural effusions of patients with pleural tuberculosis were subjected to transcriptome sequencing. PD-1-expressing MAIT cells were analysed by flow cytometry and their phenotypic and functional features were investigated. Transcriptome sequencing identified 144 genes that were differentially expressed between PD-1+ and PD-1- MAIT cells from tuberculous pleural effusions and CXCL13 was the gene with highest fold difference. The level of PD-1-expressing MAIT cells was associated with extent of TB infection in humans. PD-1-expressing MAIT cells had increased production of CXCL13 and IL-21 as determined by flow cytometry. PD-1high CXCR5- MAIT cells were significantly expanded in pleural effusions from patients with pleural tuberculosis as compared with those from peripheral blood of both patients with tuberculosis and healthy controls. Although PD-1high CXCR5- MAIT cells from tuberculous pleural effusions had reduced IFN-γ level and increased expression of Tim-3 and GITR, they showed activated phenotype and had higher glucose uptake and lipid content. It is concluded that PD-1-expressing MAIT cells had reduced IFN-γ level but increased production of both CXCL13 and IL-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, and Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, and Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihong Cao
- Division of Research, Institute of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuxin Qu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, and Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, and Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Houming Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, and Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, and Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongxing Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, and Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, and Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxing Cheng
- Division of Research, Institute of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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39
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Suliman S, Murphy M, Musvosvi M, Gela A, Meermeier EW, Geldenhuys H, Hopley C, Toefy A, Bilek N, Veldsman A, Hanekom WA, Johnson JL, Boom WH, Obermoser G, Huang H, Hatherill M, Lewinsohn DM, Nemes E, Scriba TJ. MR1-Independent Activation of Human Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells by Mycobacteria. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2917-2927. [PMID: 31611259 PMCID: PMC6859375 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of mortality from a single infectious agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Relevant immune targets of the partially efficacious TB vaccine bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remain poorly defined. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are MHC-related protein 1 (MR1)-restricted T cells, which are reactive against M. tuberculosis, and underexplored as potential TB vaccine targets. We sought to determine whether BCG vaccination activated mycobacteria-specific MAIT cell responses in humans. We analyzed whole blood samples from M. tuberculosis-infected South African adults who were revaccinated with BCG after a six-month course of isoniazid preventative therapy. In vitro BCG stimulation potently induced IFN-γ expression by phenotypic (CD8+CD26+CD161+) MAIT cells, which constituted the majority (75%) of BCG-reactive IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells. BCG revaccination transiently expanded peripheral blood frequencies of BCG-reactive IFN-γ+ MAIT cells, which returned to baseline frequencies a year following vaccination. In another cohort of healthy adults who received BCG at birth, 53% of mycobacteria-reactive-activated CD8 T cells expressed CDR3α TCRs, previously reported as MAIT TCRs, expressing the canonical TRAV1-2-TRAJ33 MAIT TCRα rearrangement. CD26 and CD161 coexpression correlated with TRAV1-2+CD161+ phenotype more accurately in CD8+ than CD4-CD8- MAIT cells. Interestingly, BCG-induced IFN-γ expression by MAIT cells in vitro was mediated by the innate cytokines IL-12 and IL-18 more than MR1-induced TCR signaling, suggesting TCR-independent activation. Collectively, the data suggest that activation of blood MAIT cells by innate inflammatory cytokines is a major mechanism of responsiveness to vaccination with whole cell vaccines against TB or in vitro stimulation with mycobacteria (Clinical trial registration: NCT01119521).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Suliman
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; .,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Melissa Murphy
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Munyaradzi Musvosvi
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Anele Gela
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Erin W Meermeier
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Hennie Geldenhuys
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Christiaan Hopley
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Asma Toefy
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Nicole Bilek
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Ashley Veldsman
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Willem A Hanekom
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - John L Johnson
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106.,Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - W Henry Boom
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106.,Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Gerlinde Obermoser
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Huang Huang
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - David M Lewinsohn
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Elisa Nemes
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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40
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Smith AD, Foss ED, Zhang I, Hastie JL, Giordano NP, Gasparyan L, VinhNguyen LP, Schubert AM, Prasad D, McMichael HL, Sun J, Beger RD, Simonyan V, Cowley SC, Carlson PE. Microbiota of MR1 deficient mice confer resistance against Clostridium difficile infection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223025. [PMID: 31560732 PMCID: PMC6764671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile (Cd) infection (CDI) typically occurs after antibiotic usage perturbs the gut microbiota. Mucosa-associated invariant T cells (MAIT) are found in the gut and their development is dependent on Major histocompatibility complex-related protein 1 (MR1) and the host microbiome. Here we were interested in determining whether the absence of MR1 impacts resistance to CDI. To this end, wild-type (WT) and MR1-/- mice were treated with antibiotics and then infected with Cd spores. Surprisingly, MR1-/- mice exhibited resistance to Cd colonization. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of feces revealed inherent differences in microbial composition. This colonization resistance was transferred from MR1-/- to WT mice via fecal microbiota transplantation, suggesting that MR1-dependent factors influence the microbiota, leading to CDI susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D Smith
- Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, Division of Bacterial Pathogens and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elissa D Foss
- Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, Division of Bacterial Pathogens and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Irma Zhang
- Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, Division of Bacterial Pathogens and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jessica L Hastie
- Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, Division of Bacterial Pathogens and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicole P Giordano
- Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, Division of Bacterial Pathogens and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lusine Gasparyan
- High-performance Integrated Personal Environment, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lam Phuc VinhNguyen
- High-performance Integrated Personal Environment, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alyxandria M Schubert
- Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, Division of Bacterial Pathogens and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Deepika Prasad
- Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, Division of Bacterial Pathogens and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America.,High-performance Integrated Personal Environment, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hannah L McMichael
- Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, Division of Bacterial Pathogens and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jinchun Sun
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Richard D Beger
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Vahan Simonyan
- High-performance Integrated Personal Environment, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Siobhán C Cowley
- Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, Division of Bacterial Pathogens and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul E Carlson
- Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, Division of Bacterial Pathogens and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
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41
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Godfrey DI, Koay HF, McCluskey J, Gherardin NA. The biology and functional importance of MAIT cells. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1110-1128. [PMID: 31406380 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a population of unconventional T cells called 'mucosal-associated invariant T cells' (MAIT cells) has captured the attention of immunologists and clinicians due to their abundance in humans, their involvement in a broad range of infectious and non-infectious diseases and their unusual specificity for microbial riboflavin-derivative antigens presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like protein MR1. MAIT cells use a limited T cell antigen receptor (TCR) repertoire with public antigen specificities that are conserved across species. They can be activated by TCR-dependent and TCR-independent mechanisms and exhibit rapid, innate-like effector responses. Here we review evidence showing that MAIT cells are a key component of the immune system and discuss their basic biology, development, role in disease and immunotherapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Hui-Fern Koay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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42
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Mvaya L, Mwale A, Hummel A, Phiri J, Kamng'ona R, Mzinza D, Chimbayo E, Malamba R, Kankwatira A, Mwandumba HC, Jambo KC. Airway CD8 +CD161 ++TCRvα7.2 + T Cell Depletion During Untreated HIV Infection Targets CD103 Expressing Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2003. [PMID: 31497028 PMCID: PMC6713019 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-infected adults are at an increased risk to lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). CD8+CD161++TCRvα7.2+ T cells are an innate-like T cell subset that are thought to play an important role in early defense against pathogens in the respiratory tract. HIV infection leads to irreversible depletion of these cells in peripheral blood, however, its impact on this subset in the human airway is still unclear. Here, we show presence of CD103 expressing CD8+CD161++TCRvα7.2+ T cells in the airway that exhibited a distinct cytokine functional profile compared to their CD103- airway counterparts and those from peripheral blood. These CD103 expressing airway CD8+CD161++TCRvα7.2+ T cells were selectively depleted in untreated HIV-infected adults compared to healthy controls. Their frequency was positively correlated with frequency of airway CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, the frequency of airway CD8+CD161++TCRvα7.2+ T cells was also inversely correlated with HIV plasma viral load, while suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) resulted in restoration of airway CD8+CD161++TCRvα7.2+ T cells. Our findings show that CD103 expressing airway CD8+CD161++TCRvα7.2+ T cells are functionally distinct and are preferentially depleted during untreated asymptomatic HIV infection. Depletion of CD103 expressing airway CD8+CD161++TCRvα7.2+ T cells, at a major portal of pathogen entry, could partly contribute to the increased propensity for opportunistic LRTIs observed in untreated HIV-infected adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Mvaya
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Andrew Mwale
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Annemarie Hummel
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Joseph Phiri
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Raphael Kamng'ona
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - David Mzinza
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Chimbayo
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Rose Malamba
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Anstead Kankwatira
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Henry C Mwandumba
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kondwani C Jambo
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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43
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Jo YG, Jin HM, Cho YN, Kim JC, Kee SJ, Park YW. Activation and Impaired Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Production of Circulating Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Patients with Trauma. J Innate Immun 2019; 11:506-515. [PMID: 31085907 DOI: 10.1159/000499343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells rapidly produce proinflammatory cytokines in an innate-like manner and play an important role in controlling the host immune response. This study examined the function of MAIT cells in trauma patients. The expression of cytokines in peripheral blood MAIT cells was measured by flow cytometry. MAIT cells in trauma patients displayed impaired tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production, together with elevated CD69 expression. The expression of CD69 was negatively correlated with MAIT cell frequency. These patients had higher plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18. In particular, CD69 expression of MAIT cells was increased by stimulation with IL-18 in synergy with other proinflammatory cytokines or plasma of trauma patients. The production of TNF-α by MAIT cells was characterized by an initial burst and rapid decline, in contrast to delayed and sustained production of interferon (IFN)-γ. Activated MAIT cells showed a functional defect in the production of TNF-α upon restimulation. This study demonstrates that circulating MAIT cells are activated and functionally impaired in TNF-α production in patients with trauma. The activation and dysfunction of MAIT cells was mediated by proinflammatory cytokines. These findings provide important information underlying the innate immune response of patients with trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Goun Jo
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Jin
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Nan Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Chul Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea,
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44
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Hyoe RK, Robert J. A Xenopus tadpole alternative model to study innate-like T cell-mediated anti-mycobacterial immunity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:253-259. [PMID: 30521838 PMCID: PMC6330235 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the high incidence of multi-drug resistance and challenges posed by the complex and long duration of treatments, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections remain a significant clinical burden, which would benefit from development of novel immuno-therapeutic-based treatment strategies. Among early immune effectors, invariant or innate-like (i)T cells are attracting attention because of their potential regulatory activity, which can shape anti-mycobacterial immune responses. Unlike conventional T cells, iT cells express a semi-invariant T cell receptor, and respond rapidly and robustly to molecular patterns presented by MHC class I-like molecules. To date, functional studies of iT cells in vivo has been problematic and the role of iT cells in anti-Mtb responses remains unclear. Here, after reviewing the recent literature on anti-mycobacterial iT cell immunity, we describe a novel alternative model system in the amphibian Xenopus laevis tadpoles during infection with Mycobacterium marinum (Mm). X. laevis tadpoles rely mostly on a few distinct prominent innate-like (i)T cell subsets, whose development and function are governed by distinct MHC class I-like molecules. Thus, X. laevis tadpoles provide a convenient and cost-effective in vivo model uniquely suited to investigate the roles of iT cells during mycobacterial infections. We have developed reverse genetics and MHC tetramer technology to characterize this MHC-like/iT system in tadpoles. Our study in X. laevis provides evidence of a conserved convergent function of iT cells in host defenses against mycobacteria between mammals and amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhoo Kun Hyoe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, United States
| | - Jacques Robert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, United States.
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45
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Malka-Ruimy C, Ben Youssef G, Lambert M, Tourret M, Ghazarian L, Faye A, Caillat-Zucman S, Houdouin V. Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cell Levels Are Reduced in the Peripheral Blood and Lungs of Children With Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:206. [PMID: 30853958 PMCID: PMC6396712 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unconventional, semi-invariant T lymphocytes that recognize microbial-derived vitamin B2 (riboflavin) biosynthesis precursor derivatives presented by the monomorphic MHC class 1-related (MR1) molecule. Upon microbial infection, MAIT cells rapidly produce cytokines and cytotoxic effectors, and are thus important players in anti-microbial defense. MAIT cells are protective in experimental models of infection and are decreased in the blood of adult patients with bacterial infections, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In children, the risk of rapid progression to active tuberculosis (TB) following Mtb infection is higher than in adults. Whether MAIT cells influence the outcome of Mtb infection in children is therefore, an important issue. We analyzed MAIT cell numbers and phenotype in 115 children investigated for pulmonary TB and determined their potential correlation with disease progression. MAIT cells were reduced in numbers and activated in the peripheral blood of children with active TB as compared to those with latent TB infection (LTBI) and healthy children. Moreover, MAIT cells did not accumulate and did not proliferate in the lung of children with active TB. These results suggest that MAIT cells may be important in preventing progression of Mtb infection to active TB in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Malka-Ruimy
- INSERM UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Ghada Ben Youssef
- INSERM UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Marion Lambert
- INSERM UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Marie Tourret
- INSERM UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Liana Ghazarian
- INSERM UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Albert Faye
- Service de Pédiatrie Générale, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Caillat-Zucman
- INSERM UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Houdouin
- INSERM UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Service des Maladies Digestives et Respiratoires de l'Enfant, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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46
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Limited Pulmonary Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cell Accumulation and Activation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Rhesus Macaques. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00431-18. [PMID: 30201702 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00431-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAITs) are positioned in airways and may be important in the pulmonary cellular immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, particularly prior to priming of peptide-specific T cells. Accordingly, there is interest in the possibility that boosting MAITs through tuberculosis (TB) vaccination may enhance protection, but MAIT responses in the lungs during tuberculosis are poorly understood. In this study, we compared pulmonary MAIT and peptide-specific CD4 T cell responses in M. tuberculosis-infected rhesus macaques using 5-OP-RU-loaded MR-1 tetramers and intracellular cytokine staining of CD4 T cells following restimulation with an M. tuberculosis-derived epitope megapool (MTB300), respectively. Two of four animals showed a detectable increase in the number of MAIT cells in airways at later time points following infection, but by ∼3 weeks postexposure, MTB300-specific CD4 T cells arrived in the airways and greatly outnumbered MAITs thereafter. In granulomas, MTB300-specific CD4 T cells were ∼20-fold more abundant than MAITs. CD69 expression on MAITs correlated with tissue residency rather than bacterial loads, and the few MAITs found in granulomas poorly expressed granzyme B and Ki67. Thus, MAIT accumulation in the airways is variable and late, and MAITs display little evidence of activation in granulomas during tuberculosis in rhesus macaques.
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47
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Dumas A, Corral D, Colom A, Levillain F, Peixoto A, Hudrisier D, Poquet Y, Neyrolles O. The Host Microbiota Contributes to Early Protection Against Lung Colonization by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2656. [PMID: 30487801 PMCID: PMC6246741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the airborne bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. So far, the study of host-pathogen interactions in TB has mostly focused on the physiology and virulence of the pathogen, as well as, on the various innate and adaptive immune compartments of the host. Microbial organisms endogenous to our body, the so-called microbiota, interact not only with invading pathogens, but also with our immune system. Yet, the impact of the microbiota on host defense against M. tuberculosis remains poorly understood. In order to address this question, we adapted a robust and reproducible mouse model of microbial dysbiosis based on a combination of wide-spectrum antibiotics. We found that microbiota dysbiosis resulted in an increased early colonization of the lungs by M. tuberculosis during the first week of infection, correlating with an altered diversity of the gut microbiota during this time period. At the cellular level, no significant difference in the recruitment of conventional myeloid cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils, to the lungs could be detected during the first week of infection between microbiota-competent and -deficient mice. At the molecular level, microbiota depletion did not impact the global production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon (IFN)γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and interleukin (IL)-1β in the lungs. Strikingly, a reduced number of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a population of innate-like lymphocytes whose development is known to depend on the host microbiota, was observed in the lungs of the antibiotics-treated animals after 1week of infection. These cells produced less IL-17A in antibiotics-treated mice. Notably, dysbiosis correction through the inoculation of a complex microbiota in antibiotics-treated animals reversed these phenotypes and improved the ability of MAIT cells to proliferate. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the host microbiota contributes to early protection of lung colonization by M. tuberculosis, possibly through sustaining the function(s) of MAIT cells. Our study calls for a better understanding of the impact of the microbiota on host-pathogen interactions in TB. Ultimately, this study may help to develop novel therapeutic approaches based on the use of beneficial microbes, or components thereof, to boost anti-mycobacterial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Dumas
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Dan Corral
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - André Colom
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Levillain
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Antonio Peixoto
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Denis Hudrisier
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Poquet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Neyrolles
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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48
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Vorkas CK, Wipperman MF, Li K, Bean J, Bhattarai SK, Adamow M, Wong P, Aubé J, Juste MAJ, Bucci V, Fitzgerald DW, Glickman MS. Mucosal-associated invariant and γδ T cell subsets respond to initial Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121899. [PMID: 30282828 PMCID: PMC6237486 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune responses that control early Mtb infection are poorly understood, but understanding these responses may inform vaccination and immunotherapy strategies. Innate T cells that respond to conserved bacterial ligands such as mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) and γδ T cells are prime candidates to mediate these early innate responses but have not been examined in subjects who have been recently exposed to Mtb. We recruited a cohort living in the same household with an active tuberculosis (TB) case and examined the abundance and functional phenotypes of 3 innate T cell populations reactive to M. tuberculosis: γδ T, invariant NK T (iNKT), and MAIT cells. Both MAIT and γδ T cells from subjects with Mtb exposure display ex vivo phenotypes consistent with recent activation. However, both MAIT and γδ T cell subsets have distinct response profiles, with CD4+ MAIT and γδ T cells accumulating after infection. Examination of exposed but uninfected contacts demonstrates that resistance to initial infection is accompanied by robust MAIT cell CD25 expression and granzyme B production coupled with a depressed CD69 and IFNγ response. Finally, we demonstrate that MAIT cell abundance and function correlate with the abundance of specific gut microbes, suggesting that responses to initial infection may be modulated by the intestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Kyriakos Vorkas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine (WCM), New York, New York, USA
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew F. Wipperman
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, WCM, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kelin Li
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - James Bean
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Shakti K. Bhattarai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew Adamow
- Immune Monitoring Core Facility, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sloan Kettering Institute, MSKCC, New York, New York, USA
| | - Phillip Wong
- Immune Monitoring Core Facility, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sloan Kettering Institute, MSKCC, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Vanni Bucci
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel W. Fitzgerald
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine (WCM), New York, New York, USA
- GHESKIO Centers, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
- Center for Global Health, WCM, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael S. Glickman
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, MSKCC, New York, New York, USA
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49
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Trottein F, Paget C. Natural Killer T Cells and Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Lung Infections. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1750. [PMID: 30116242 PMCID: PMC6082944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system has been traditionally divided into two arms called innate and adaptive immunity. Typically, innate immunity refers to rapid defense mechanisms that set in motion within minutes to hours following an insult. Conversely, the adaptive immune response emerges after several days and relies on the innate immune response for its initiation and subsequent outcome. However, the recent discovery of immune cells displaying merged properties indicates that this distinction is not mutually exclusive. These populations that span the innate-adaptive border of immunity comprise, among others, CD1d-restricted natural killer T cells and MR1-restricted mucosal-associated invariant T cells. These cells have the unique ability to swiftly activate in response to non-peptidic antigens through their T cell receptor and/or to activating cytokines in order to modulate many aspects of the immune response. Despite they recirculate all through the body via the bloodstream, these cells mainly establish residency at barrier sites including lungs. Here, we discuss the current knowledge into the biology of these cells during lung (viral and bacterial) infections including activation mechanisms and functions. We also discuss future strategies targeting these cell types to optimize immune responses against respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Trottein
- Univ. Lille, U1019 – UMR 8204 – CIIL – Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Paget
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1100, Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Tours, France
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50
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Incipient and Subclinical Tuberculosis: a Clinical Review of Early Stages and Progression of Infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 2018; 31:31/4/e00021-18. [PMID: 30021818 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00021-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious cause of mortality worldwide, due in part to a limited understanding of its clinical pathogenic spectrum of infection and disease. Historically, scientific research, diagnostic testing, and drug treatment have focused on addressing one of two disease states: latent TB infection or active TB disease. Recent research has clearly demonstrated that human TB infection, from latent infection to active disease, exists within a continuous spectrum of metabolic bacterial activity and antagonistic immunological responses. This revised understanding leads us to propose two additional clinical states: incipient and subclinical TB. The recognition of incipient and subclinical TB, which helps divide latent and active TB along the clinical disease spectrum, provides opportunities for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions to prevent progression to active TB disease and transmission of TB bacilli. In this report, we review the current understanding of the pathogenesis, immunology, clinical epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of both incipient and subclinical TB, two emerging clinical states of an ancient bacterium.
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