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Paredes-Galarza B, Oliveira MT, Timm FB, Stone NV, Violet-Lozano L, Salvato RS, Müller ND, Prandi BA, Gasparetto R, Gonçalves M, Teixeira MAS, Moura MAO, Riet-Correa G, Cerqueira VD, Bezerra PS, Campos FS, Franco AC, Roehe PM. Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 1, Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 5 and Bubaline Alphaherpesvirus 1 in Palatine Tonsils from Water Buffaloes in Northern Brazil and Possible Links with the Origin of Bovine Alphaherpesvirus Type 5. Viruses 2024; 16:1024. [PMID: 39066187 PMCID: PMC11281340 DOI: 10.3390/v16071024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses are significant pathogens of ruminants. In water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), however, herpesviruses have not been thoroughly studied. Although bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 (BuAHV1) and bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1) have already been recovered from water buffaloes, to date, no reports on the occurrence of bovine alphaherpesvirus 5 (BoAHV5) in these animals have been published. Therefore, the aim of this study was to search for BuAHV1, BoAHV1, and BoAHV5 in palatine tonsils of apparently healthy water buffaloes from the Pará state, Northern Brazil. Tissue samples of tonsils (n = 293) were screened by a nested PCR (nPCR) targeting a region of UL44 (gC coding gene), followed by sequencing, to detect and differentiate between the viral types. Viral genome segments were detected in 18 out of 293 (6.1%) of the palatine tonsil samples. Two animals carried genomes of BoAHV1 only, eleven animals carried BoAHV5 genomes only, and four animals carried BuAHV1 only. Another animal had both BoAHV1 and BoAHV5 genomes in its tonsils. No infectious virus could be recovered from any of the samples. The BuAHV1 sequences identified here were more closely related to BuAHV1 genomes identified in India. Phylogenetic analyses suggested a closer relationship between the recovered BoAHV5 and BuAHV1 genomes. Therefore, evidence is provided here to confirm that not only BoAHV1 and BuAHV1, but also BoAHV5, can infect water buffaloes. This report highlights (i) the first detection of BoAHV5 in water buffaloes and (ii) the occurrence of coinfections with BoAHV1 and BoAHV5 in that species. Such findings and the similarity of BoAHV5 to Indian herpesvirus genomes suggest that the origin of type 5 may be linked to recombinations between bovine and bubaline herpesviruses within bubalines, since the scenario for generation of recombinants in buffaloes is potentially present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Paredes-Galarza
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (B.P.-G.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Martha T. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (B.P.-G.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Francine B. Timm
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (B.P.-G.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Nicole V. Stone
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (B.P.-G.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Lina Violet-Lozano
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (B.P.-G.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Richard S. Salvato
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CDCT), Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde (CEVS) da Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul (SESRS), Porto Alegre CEP 90450-190, RS, Brazil
| | - Nícolas D. Müller
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (B.P.-G.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Bruno A. Prandi
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (B.P.-G.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Raíssa Gasparetto
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (B.P.-G.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Michelen Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul CEP 92990-000, RS, Brazil
| | - María A. S. Teixeira
- Agência Estadual de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado do Pará (ADEPARÁ), Belém CEP 66080-008, PA, Brazil
| | - Márcio A. O. Moura
- Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Castanhal CEP 68740-970, PA, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Riet-Correa
- Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Castanhal CEP 68740-970, PA, Brazil
| | - Valíria D. Cerqueira
- Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Castanhal CEP 68740-970, PA, Brazil
| | - Pedro S. Bezerra
- Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Castanhal CEP 68740-970, PA, Brazil
| | - Fabrício S. Campos
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (B.P.-G.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Ana C. Franco
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (B.P.-G.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Paulo M. Roehe
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (B.P.-G.); (N.V.S.)
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Camargo L, Franklin YV, da Silva GFR, Santos JF, Parreño VG, Wigdorovitz A, Gomes V. Serological Responses of Guinea Pigs and Heifers to Eight Different BoAHV-1 Vaccine Formulations. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:615. [PMID: 38932344 PMCID: PMC11209089 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV-1) infection affects the production and reproductive performance of dairy and beef livestock, resulting in considerable economic losses. In addition to biosecurity measures, vaccination programs are effective strategies for controlling and preventing BoAHV-1 infection and transmission. We evaluated the serological immune response against BoAHV-1 induced by eight different formulations of commercial vaccines: three modified live vaccines and five killed vaccines containing BoAHV type 1 or types 1 and 5. In the first experiment, 50 BoAHV-1-seronegative guinea pigs were assigned to eight groups; each individual in the treatment groups received two doses (one-fifth of the bovine dose). The second experiment was conducted using 29 crossbred Holstein × Gir heifers in four groups of six to nine animals each. The serological immune response against BoAHV-1 was measured using virus neutralization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to measure the total IgG against BoAHV. We evaluated the effects of the vaccine, time, and interaction of the vaccine and time on neutralizing antibodies against BoAHV-1. Killed vaccines produced low levels of antibodies against BoAHV-1, whereas modified live vaccines produced high levels of antibodies capable of providing neutralizing titers in the vaccinated animals, with the thermosensitive modified live vaccine showing the highest levels of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Camargo
- Department of Medical Clinic, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508270, SP, Brazil; (L.C.); (Y.V.F.); (J.F.S.)
| | - Yasmin Vieira Franklin
- Department of Medical Clinic, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508270, SP, Brazil; (L.C.); (Y.V.F.); (J.F.S.)
| | | | - Janaína Ferreira Santos
- Department of Medical Clinic, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508270, SP, Brazil; (L.C.); (Y.V.F.); (J.F.S.)
| | - Viviana Gladys Parreño
- Institute of Virology, ICCVyA-INTA, Cdad. Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1033, Argentina; (V.G.P.); (A.W.)
| | - Andrés Wigdorovitz
- Institute of Virology, ICCVyA-INTA, Cdad. Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1033, Argentina; (V.G.P.); (A.W.)
| | - Viviani Gomes
- Department of Medical Clinic, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508270, SP, Brazil; (L.C.); (Y.V.F.); (J.F.S.)
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Abukhadra BA, Abd El Rahman S, Soltan MA, Elhafi GE, Mosad SM. Preliminary molecular study for DIVA trial of antigenically characterized circulating bovine herpesvirus subtype 1.1 in Egypt. Virology 2024; 593:110012. [PMID: 38367473 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Using marker vaccines to control bovine alphaherpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is a novel strategy for differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). In this study, multiplex real-time PCR targeting gD and gE genes was applied for BoHV-1 screening on 60 clinical samples from cattle with a history of vaccination, in some cases by US2-deleted marker vaccines, that were suffering from severe respiratory symptoms. Conventional PCR targeting the gC and US2 flanking region was done for molecular characterization and identification of the US2-deleted vaccine strain. Six samples were positive for BoHV-1 by both RT-PCR and conventional PCR. Surprisingly, a conventional PCR DIVA trial based on the US2 gene revealed that only one sample that exhibited the US2 gene was a wild virus, while others that did not exhibit the US2 gene were vaccine viruses. Phylogenetic characterization classifies the samples as BoHV-1.1. This finding reveals the circulation of vaccine virus in field-diseased animals, which threatens the eradication program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basel A Abukhadra
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 El Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sahar Abd El Rahman
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 El Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Soltan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Giuma E Elhafi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Azzaytuna University, Tarhuna, Libya
| | - Samah M Mosad
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 El Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, Egypt
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Pinheiro IAB, Dias BP, Ferreira JM, dos Santos AJF, Moron SE, Silva GMDL, de Lima LBD, de Cordova FM. Bovine herpesvirus meningoencephalitis in the State of Tocantins, Brazil. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2024; 46:e004023. [PMID: 38298374 PMCID: PMC10829934 DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm004023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Three outbreaks of herpesvirus meningoencephalitis in cattle have been reported in three municipalities in the northern region of the State of Tocantins, Brazil. In one outbreak, 41 predominantly young bovines were affected, with 2-3 deaths in some cases. The animals showed neurological signs of incoordination, blindness, and recumbency, with death occurring within approximately 4-5 d. At necropsy, hyperemia and leptomeningeal hemorrhages were observed in the brain. Histology revealed more intense lesions in the rostral portions of the brain, mainly affecting the frontoparietal cerebral cortex, with nonsuppurative encephalitis and meningitis, glial nodules, neuronophagia, and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the astrocytes and neurons. This study shows the presence of bovine herpesvirus in Tocantins, probably the highly neurotropic type 5 strain, and emphasizes its importance in the differential diagnosis of bovine neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgner Aimar Bezerra Pinheiro
- Undergraduate in Veterinary Medicine, Liga Acadêmica Veterinária de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, Araguaína, TO, Brazil
| | - Bianca Pereira Dias
- Undergraduate in Veterinary Medicine, Liga Acadêmica Veterinária de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, Araguaína, TO, Brazil
| | - Jardel Martins Ferreira
- Veterinarian, Núcleo de Estudos Avançados em Geoprocessamento e Estatística, Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado do Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Alessandro José Ferreira dos Santos
- Veterinarian, Núcleo de Estudos Avançados em Geoprocessamento e Estatística, Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado do Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Sandro Estevan Moron
- Biologist, Laboratório de Morfofisiologia e Bioquímica de Peixes Neotropicais, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, Araguaína, TO, Brazil
| | - Gilzelle Maria da Luz Silva
- Biologist, Laboratório de Morfofisiologia e Bioquímica de Peixes Neotropicais, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, Araguaína, TO, Brazil
| | - Liana Bezerra Dias de Lima
- Biologist, Laboratório de Morfofisiologia e Bioquímica de Peixes Neotropicais, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, Araguaína, TO, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Mendes de Cordova
- Veterinarian, Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, Araguaína, TO, Brazil
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Quintero Barbosa JS, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Pérez SE, Gutierrez MF. Humoral Immune Response of Mice against a Vaccine Candidate Composed of a Chimera of gB of Bovine Alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1173. [PMID: 37514988 PMCID: PMC10386439 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and bovine meningoencephalitis are caused by Bovine alphaherpesvirus (BoHV) types 1 and 5, which seriously threaten the global cattle industry. Vaccination to improve immunity is the most direct and effective means to prevent these conditions. Glycoprotein B (gB) is essential for the attachment of both viruses to permissive cells, and is a major target of the host immune system, inducing a strong humoral response. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in a murine model, the immune response of a candidate vaccine formulation composed of a chimeric BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 gB (DgB), expressed in Komagataella phaffii. The chimeric DgB vaccine adjuvanted with Montanide 50 ISA V2 or aluminum hydroxide was administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously. A control group and a group that received a commercial vaccine were inoculated subcutaneously. Higher titers of neutralizing antibodies against BoHV-1, BoHV-5, and a natural BoHV-1/5 recombinant strain were obtained with the oil-based candidate vaccine formulation administered intramuscularly. The results demonstrated that the chimeric DgB conserved important epitopes that were able to stimulate a humoral immune response capable of neutralizing BoHV-1, BoHV-5, and the recombinant strain, suggesting that the vaccine antigen is a promising candidate to be further evaluated in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sebastian Quintero Barbosa
- Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Group, Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia
| | - Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia
| | - Sandra E Pérez
- Tandil Veterinary Research Center (CIVETAN)-CONICET, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of the Center of the Province of Buenos Aires, Tandil B7000GHG, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda Gutierrez
- Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Group, Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia
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Scheffer CM, Varela APM, Teixeira TF, Schmidt C, Cibulski SP, Dos Santos HF, Duarte PM, Campos FS, Franco AC, Roehe PM. Neutralizing antibodies to bovine and bubaline alphaherpesviruses in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1231-1237. [PMID: 36897516 PMCID: PMC10235325 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00930-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) have been introduced in many regions of the world as a source of animal protein. In many instances, bubaline cattle are reared close to or mixed with bovine or zebuine cattle. However, little is known about infectious diseases of bubaline and the interactions that may arise involving the microbiota of those species. Alphaherpesviruses of ruminants (bovine alphaherpesviruses types 1 and 5, BoHV-1, BoHV-5; bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1, BuHV-1) are highly cross-reactive in serological assays performed with bovine or zebuine sera. However, the profile of reactivity of bubaline cattle sera to alphaherpesviruses remains unknown. As such, it is not known which virus strain (or strains) would be most appropriate to be used as the challenge virus in the laboratory in search for alphaherpesvirus-neutralizing antibodies. In this study, the profile of neutralizing antibodies to alphaherpesviruses in bubaline sera was determined against different types/subtypes of bovine and bubaline alphaherpesviruses. Sera (n=339) were screened in a 24-h serum neutralization test (SN) against 100 TCID50 of each of the challenge viruses. From those, 159 (46.9 %) neutralized at least one of the viruses assayed; 131 (38.6%) sera neutralized the three viral strains used for screening. The viral strain that was neutralized by the largest number of sera was BoHV-5b A663 (149/159; 93.7%). A few sera neutralized only one of the challenge viruses: four sera neutralized BoHV-1 LA only; another neutralized BoHV-5 A663 only and four others neutralized BuHV-1 b6 only. SN testing with two additional strains gave rise to similar results, where maximum sensitivity (defined here as the largest number of sera that neutralized the challenge viruses) was obtained by adding positive results attained with three of the challenge strains. Differences in neutralizing antibody titers were not significant to allow inferences on which would be the most likely virus that induced the antibody responses detected here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Mengue Scheffer
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Veterinarias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
- Equipe de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Divisão de Defesa Sanitária Animal, SEAPDR, Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, CEP: 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Muterle Varela
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Veterinarias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
- Equipe de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Divisão de Defesa Sanitária Animal, SEAPDR, Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, CEP: 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Thais Fumaco Teixeira
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Veterinarias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
- Equipe de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Divisão de Defesa Sanitária Animal, SEAPDR, Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, CEP: 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Candice Schmidt
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Veterinarias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
- Equipe de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Divisão de Defesa Sanitária Animal, SEAPDR, Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, CEP: 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Samuel Paulo Cibulski
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Veterinarias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
- Equipe de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Divisão de Defesa Sanitária Animal, SEAPDR, Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, CEP: 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Helton Fernandes Dos Santos
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Veterinarias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
- Equipe de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Divisão de Defesa Sanitária Animal, SEAPDR, Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, CEP: 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Phelipe Magalhães Duarte
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociência Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n - Dois Irmãos, CEP, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Souza Campos
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, sala 523, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Franco
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Veterinarias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, sala 523, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Roehe
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Veterinarias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 91540-000, Brazil.
- Equipe de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Divisão de Defesa Sanitária Animal, SEAPDR, Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, CEP: 92990-000, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, sala 523, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil.
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Peter CM, da Silva Barcelos L, Ferreira MRA, Waller SB, Frühauf MI, Botton NY, Conceição FR, de Lima M, de Oliveira Hübner S, Barichello JM, Fischer G. Immunogenicity of an inactivated vaccine for intravaginal application against bovine alphaherpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5). Mol Immunol 2023; 155:69-78. [PMID: 36731192 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the intravaginal vaccine potential against bovine alphaherpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5). Sixty three cows were divided into seven groups (n: 9) and inoculated intravaginally (VA) or intramuscularly (IM) with inactivated BoHV-5, associated with the recombinant B subunit of the heat-labile enterotoxin of E. coli (rLTB), 2-hydroxyethylcellulose (Drug Delivery System A - DDS-A) or Poloxamer 407 (Drug Delivery System B - DDS-B) as follows: G1 (DDS-A + BoHV-5 + rLTB), G2 (DDS-A + BoHV-5), G3 (DDS-B + BoHV-5 + rLTB), G4 (DDS-B + BoHV-5), G5 (BoHV-5 + rLTB), G6 (Negative control) e G7 (Positive control). The local and systemic humoral responses were measured by indirect ELISA (IgA and IgG) and serum neutralization tests, and the cellular response was measured by a quantitative direct ELISA (IL-2 and IFN-Gamma). The results showed the group inoculated by the IM route, G5, demonstrated the highest levels of IgG in the vaginal mucosa among the experimental groups (p < 0.05). In the groups tested with polymers (G1 and G3) in the vaginal mucosa, even higher levels of IgG were seen in comparison to the positive control (G7; p < 0.01). Higher levels of IgA were also noted in relation to the other groups (p < 0.05) on days 30, 60 and 90 post-inoculations. The groups G1 and G3 also provided higher titers of neutralizing antibodies (Log2) in relation to other treatments (p < 0.01) 90 days after inoculation. In the nasal mucosa, there was an increase in the levels of IgA and IgG with the use of vaccines from groups G1 and G3, in relation to the positive control, G7 (p < 0.05) at 60 and 90 days after the first inoculation. Moreover, neutralizing antibodies titers were detected at 60 and 90 days by serum neutralization. The inclusion of the evaluated polymers resulted in a superior response (p < 0.05) of immunoglobulins and IL-2 and IFN-Gamma in relation to the treatment using only rLTB (G5). This data demonstrates the capabilities of a vaccine with an intravaginal application in cattle to stimulate a local and systemic immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mendes Peter
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Veterinary College, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lariane da Silva Barcelos
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Veterinary College, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto Alves Ferreira
- Applied Immunology Laboratory. Technological Development Center, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Stefanie Bressan Waller
- Applied Immunology Laboratory. Technological Development Center, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Matheus Iuri Frühauf
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Veterinary College, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nadálin Yandra Botton
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Veterinary College, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Rochedo Conceição
- Applied Immunology Laboratory. Technological Development Center, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Lima
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Veterinary College, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Silvia de Oliveira Hübner
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Veterinary College, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Mario Barichello
- Pharmaceutical Development and Production Laboratory, Center for Pharmaceutical and Food Chemical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Geferson Fischer
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Veterinary College, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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8
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Yatsentyuk SP, Pchelnikov AV, Safina ER, Krasnikova MS. The first study on the occurrence of bovine herpesviruses in the wild fauna of the Moscow region, Russia. Vet World 2022; 15:2052-2058. [PMID: 36313846 PMCID: PMC9615503 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2052-2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Some pathogens that cause infections in cattle are found in wild artiodactyls. Their prevalence, possible impact on the population of free-living animals, and the spread of infectious pathology in livestock have yet to be studied. We investigated the occurrence of bovine herpesviruses (BoHV-1, BoHV-4, and BoHV-6) among wild moose and roe deer in 8 areas of the Moscow region in the Russian Federation. Materials and Methods: One hundred and one tissue samples and nasal swabs of 24 moose and seven roe deer were studied using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for BoHV-1 DNA and conventional PCR for BoHV-4 and BoHV-6 DNA. A virus neutralization test (VNT) was used to detect antibodies to BoHV-1 in 19 serum samples. The final antibody titer was calculated with the Spearman-Kärber method. Results: BoHV-4 and BoHV-6 DNA were not detected in all studied samples of 31 animals. BoHV-1 DNA was detected using a real-time PCR in nasal swabs from 2 adult roe deer. For BoHV-1, only 9/19 tested serum samples reacted positive in VNT with the titer range from 0.67 ± 0.19 to 3.75 ± 0.10 log2. Antibodies were detected in all age groups, more often in fawns under 1-year-old. The seropositivity of females was higher than in males. Conclusion: Wild ungulates can potentially represent a reservoir of new pathogenic livestock viruses. To study the prevalence and genetic diversity of wild ungulate herpesviruses, detailed molecular studies of the cervid herpesvirus 1, cervid herpesvirus 2, and elk herpesvirus 1 are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana P. Yatsentyuk
- Department of Biotechnology, Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality, Zvenigorodskoe Highway, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Pchelnikov
- Department of Biotechnology, Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality, Zvenigorodskoe Highway, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta R. Safina
- Department of Biotechnology, Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality, Zvenigorodskoe Highway, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria S. Krasnikova
- Department of Biotechnology, Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality, Zvenigorodskoe Highway, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Ergunay K, Mutinda M, Bourke B, Justi SA, Caicedo-Quiroga L, Kamau J, Mutura S, Akunda IK, Cook E, Gakuya F, Omondi P, Murray S, Zimmerman D, Linton YM. Metagenomic Investigation of Ticks From Kenyan Wildlife Reveals Diverse Microbial Pathogens and New Country Pathogen Records. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:932224. [PMID: 35847110 PMCID: PMC9283121 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.932224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Focusing on the utility of ticks as xenosurveillance sentinels to expose circulating pathogens in Kenyan drylands, host-feeding ticks collected from wild ungulates [buffaloes, elephants, giraffes, hartebeest, impala, rhinoceros (black and white), zebras (Grévy’s and plains)], carnivores (leopards, lions, spotted hyenas, wild dogs), as well as regular domestic and Boran cattle were screened for pathogens using metagenomics. A total of 75 host-feeding ticks [Rhipicephalus (97.3%) and Amblyomma (2.7%)] collected from 15 vertebrate taxa were sequenced in 46 pools. Fifty-six pathogenic bacterial species were detected in 35 pools analyzed for pathogens and relative abundances of major phyla. The most frequently observed species was Escherichia coli (62.8%), followed by Proteus mirabilis (48.5%) and Coxiella burnetii (45.7%). Francisella tularemia and Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) were detected in 14.2 and 13% of the pools, respectively, in ticks collected from wild animals and cattle. This is one of the first reports of JMTV in Kenya, and phylogenetic reconstruction revealed significant divergence from previously known isolates and related viruses. Eight fungal species with human pathogenicity were detected in 5 pools (10.8%). The vector-borne filarial pathogens (Brugia malayi, Dirofilaria immitis, Loa loa), protozoa (Plasmodium spp., Trypanosoma cruzi), and environmental and water-/food-borne pathogens (Entamoeba histolytica, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Naegleria fowleri, Schistosoma spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Trichinella spiralis) were detected. Documented viruses included human mastadenovirus C, Epstein-Barr virus and bovine herpesvirus 5, Trinbago virus, and Guarapuava tymovirus-like virus 1. Our findings confirmed that host-feeding ticks are an efficient sentinel for xenosurveillance and demonstrate clear potential for wildlife-livestock-human pathogen transfer in the Kenyan landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
- *Correspondence: Koray Ergunay,
| | | | - Brian Bourke
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Silvia A. Justi
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Laura Caicedo-Quiroga
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Joseph Kamau
- One Health Centre, Institute of Primate Research (IPR), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samson Mutura
- One Health Centre, Institute of Primate Research (IPR), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Elizabeth Cook
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Francis Gakuya
- Wildlife Research and Training Institute (WRTI), Naivasha, Kenya
| | - Patrick Omondi
- Wildlife Research and Training Institute (WRTI), Naivasha, Kenya
| | - Suzan Murray
- Global Health Program, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Unit, Fort Royal, VA, United States
| | - Dawn Zimmerman
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
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10
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Complete Genome Sequences of Two Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 5 Subtype C Strains from Southeast Brazil. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0122821. [PMID: 35142549 PMCID: PMC8830361 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01228-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 5 causes meningoencephalitis in cattle, belongs to the Herpesviridae family, and can be divided into subtypes a, b, and c. Limited information is available about subtype c. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of two strains, P160/96, and ISO97/45, isolated from cattle in southeast Brazil.
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11
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Romera SA, Perez R, Marandino A, LuciaTau R, Campos F, Roehe PM, Thiry E, Maidana SS. Whole-genome analysis of natural interspecific recombinant between bovine alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5. Virus Res 2021; 309:198656. [PMID: 34915090 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bovine alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5 (BoHV-1 and BoHV-5) are closely related viruses that co-circulate in South America and recombine in the field. The complete genomes of three natural gB gene recombinant viruses between BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 were obtained by Illumina next-generation sequencing. Complete genome sequences of the three recombinant strains (RecA1, RecB2, and RecC2) have a similar size of approximately 138.3kb and a GC content of 75%. The genome structure corresponds to herpesvirus class D, with 69 open reading frames (ORFs) arranged in the same order as other bovine alphaherpesviruses related to BoHV-1. Their genomes were included in recombination network studies indicating statistically significant recombination evidence both based on the whole genome, as well as in the sub-regions. The novel recombinant region of 3074 nt of the RecB2 and RecC2 strains includes the complete genes of the myristylated tegument protein (UL11) and the glycoprotein M (UL10) and part of the helicase (UL9) gene, and it seems to have originated independently of the first recombinant event involving the gB gene. Phylogenetic analyzes performed with the amino acid sequences of UL9, UL 10, and UL11 indicated that RecB2 and RecC2 recombinants are closely related to the minor parental virus (BoHV-1.2b). On the contrary, RecA1 groups with the major parental (BoHV-5), thus confirming the absence of recombination in this region for this recombinant. One breakpoint in the second recombinant region lies in the middle of the UL9 reading frame, originating a chimeric enzyme half encoded by BoHV-5 and BoHV-1.2b parental strains. The chimeric helicases of both recombinants are identical and have 96.8 and 96.3% similarity with the BoHV-5 and BoHV-1 parents, respectively. In vitro characterization suggests that recombinants have delayed exit from the cell compared to parental strains. However, they produce the similar viral titer as their putative parents suggesting the accumulation of viral particles for the cell exit delayed on time. Despite in vitro different behavior, these natural recombinant viruses have been maintained in the bovine population for more than 30 years, indicating that recombination could be playing an important role in the biological diversity of these viral species. Our findings highlight the importance of studying whole genome diversity in the field and determining the role that homologous recombination plays in the structure of viral populations. A whole-genome recombinant characterization is a suitable tool to help understand the emergence of new viral forms with novel pathogenic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Alejandra Romera
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas IVIT (INTA-CONICET), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Inmunología, Universidad del Salvador, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Inmunogenética, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad de Morón, Morón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ruben Perez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Marandino
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rocio LuciaTau
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas IVIT (INTA-CONICET), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabricio Campos
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Campus de Gurupi, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Roehe
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Etienne Thiry
- Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research on Animal Health center and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Silvina Soledad Maidana
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas IVIT (INTA-CONICET), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Inmunogenética, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad de Morón, Morón, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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12
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Mesquita LP, Costa RC, Mesquita LLR, Lara MDCCSH, Villalobos EMC, Mori CMC, Mori E, Howerth EW, Maiorka PC. Pathogenesis of Equid Alphaherpesvirus 1 Infection in the Central Nervous System of Mice. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:1075-1085. [PMID: 34128432 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211020670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) causes myeloencephalopathy in horses and occasionally in non-equid species. Although mouse models have been developed to understand EHV-1 pathogenesis, few EHV-1 strains have been identified as highly neurovirulent to mice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathogenesis of 2 neurovirulent EHV-1 strains in mice, and to characterize the inflammatory cells and expression of chemokines and the apoptosis marker caspase-3 in the brain of infected mice. C57BL/6J mice were inoculated intranasally with EHV-1 strains A4/72 or A9/92 and evaluated on 1, 2, and 3 days post inoculation (DPI). EHV-1-infected mice showed severe neurological signs at 3 DPI. Ultrastructural analysis revealed numerous viral nucleocapsids and fewer enveloped virions within degenerated and necrotic neurons and in the surrounding neuropil. Histologically, at 3 DPI, there was severe diffuse neuronal degeneration and liquefactive necrosis, prominent microgliosis, and perivascular cuffing composed of CD3+ cells (T cells) and Iba-1+ cells (macrophages), mainly in the olfactory bulb and ventral portions of the brain. In these areas, moderate numbers of neuroglial cells expressed CCL5 and CCL2 chemokines. Numerous neurons, including those in less affected areas, were immunolabeled for cleaved caspase-3. In conclusion, neurovirulent EHV-1 strains induced a fulminant necrotizing lymphohistiocytic meningoencephalitis in mice, with microgliosis and expression of chemokines and caspase-3. This model will be useful for understanding the mechanisms underlying the extensive neuropathology induced by these viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo P Mesquita
- 28133University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- 1355University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Enio Mori
- 27058Pasteur Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Characterization of BoHV-1 gG-/tk-/gE- Mutant in Differential Protein Expression, Virulence, and Immunity. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8110253. [PMID: 34822626 PMCID: PMC8621285 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8110253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), caused by bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), is an important disease affecting cattle worldwide resulting in great economic losses. Marker vaccines are effective in controlling infectious diseases including IBR, because they allow the discrimination between the natural infection and the vaccination. Therefore, a triple gene deleted strain BoHV-1 gG-/tk-/gE- was developed and evaluated in vivo and in vitro as a marker vaccine. In cell culture, this triple mutant virus showed significantly slower growth kinetics and smaller plaques when compared to wild-type (wt) BoHV-1 and double mutant BoHV-1 gG-/tk- (p < 0.01). On proteomic level, it revealed downregulation of some virulence related proteins including thymidine kinase, glycoproteins G, E, I, and K when compared to the wt. In vitro, the triple mutant virus showed a significantly lower and shorter viral shedding period (p < 0.001) in calves compared to double mutant. Moreover, the immunized calves with triple mutant virus showed protection rates of 64.2% and 68.6% against wt BoHV-1 and wt BoHV-5 challenge, respectively, without reactivation of latency after dexamethasone injection. In conclusion, BoHV-1 gG-/tk-/gE- is a safer marker vaccine against IBR although its immunogenicity in calves was decreased when compared to double mutant virus.
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14
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DA SILVA DG, de CARVALHO ILQ, TOSCANO ECDB, SANTOS BÁDSS, OLIVEIRA BDS, CAMPOS MA, da FONSECA FG, CAMARGOS QM, de SOUSA GF, CALIARI MV, TEIXEIRA AL, de MIRANDA AS, RACHID MA. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is down regulated after bovine alpha-herpesvirus 5 infection in both wild-type and TLR3/7/9 deficient mice. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:180-186. [PMID: 33281142 PMCID: PMC7972877 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors have been implicated in the control of neuronal survival and plasticity in different brain diseases. Meningoencephalitis caused by bovine alpha-herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) infection is a frequent neurological disease of young cattle, being the involvement of apoptosis in the development of neuropathological changes frequently discussed in the literature. It's well known that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can activate neuroinflammatory response and consequently lead to neuronal loss. However, there are no studies evaluating the expression of neurotrophic factors and their association with brain pathology and TLRs during the infection by BoHV-5. The current study aimed to analyze brain levels of neurotrophic factors along with neuropathological changes during acute infection by BoHV-5 in wild-type (WT) and TLR3/7/9 (TLR3/7/9-/-) deficiency mice. The infection was induced by intracranial inoculation of 1 × 104 TCID50 of BoHV-5. Infected animals presented similar degrees of clinical signs and neuropathological changes. Both infected groups had meningoencephalitis and neuronal damage in CA regions from hippocampus. BoHV-5 infection promoted the proliferation of Iba-1 positive cells throughout the neuropil, mainly located in the frontal cortex. Moreover, significant lower levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were detected in both BoHV-5 infected WT and TLR3/7/9 deficient mice, compared with non-infected animals. Our study showed that BDNF down regulation was associated with brain inflammation, reactive microgliosis and neuronal loss after bovine alpha-herpesvirus 5 infection in mice. Moreover, we demonstrated that combined TLR3/7/9 deficiency does not alter those parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Gonçalves DA SILVA
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department
of General Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais,
Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Iracema Luisa Quintino de CARVALHO
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Science Institute,
Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Eliana Cristina de Brito TOSCANO
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department
of General Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais,
Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Álvares da Silva Senra SANTOS
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive
Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo
Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Bruna da Silva OLIVEIRA
- Department of Morphology, Biological Science Institute,
Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio CAMPOS
- René Rachou Institute, Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas
Gerais, 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Flávio Guimarães da FONSECA
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Science Institute,
Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Quezya Mendes CAMARGOS
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department
of General Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais,
Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Ferreira de SOUSA
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department
of General Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais,
Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Vidigal CALIARI
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department
of General Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais,
Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Antônio Lúcio TEIXEIRA
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at
Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Aline Silva de MIRANDA
- Department of Morphology, Biological Science Institute,
Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Milene Alvarenga RACHID
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department
of General Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais,
Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
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15
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Gonçalves VS, Santos FDS, Dos Santos Junior AG, Piraine REA, Rodrigues PRC, Brasil CL, Conrad NL, Leite FPL. Recombinant bovine IL17A acts as an adjuvant for bovine herpesvirus vaccine. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:185-191. [PMID: 33677208 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Bovine herpes virus type 5 glycoprotein D (gD) is essential for viral penetration into host permissive cells. The Herpes virus gD glycoprotein has been used for bovine immunization, being efficient in reduction of viral replication, shedding and clinical signs, however sterilizing immunity is still not achieved. Recombinant subunit vaccines are, in general, poorly immunogenic requiring additional adjuvant components. Interleukin 17A (IL17A) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by T helper 17 cells that mediate mucosal immunity. IL17 production during vaccine-induced immunity is a requirement for mucosal protection to several agents. In this study, we investigated the potential of a recombinant IL17A to act as an adjuvant for a recombinant BoHV-5 glycoprotein D vaccine in cattle. Three cattle groups were divided as: group 1) rgD5 + alumen + rIL-17A; 2) rgD5 + alumen; and 3) PBS + alumen. The cattle (3 per group) received two doses of their respective vaccines at an interval of 21 days. The group that received rIL17 in its vaccine formulation at the 7th day after the prime immunization had significant higher levels of specific rgD-IgG than the alumen group. Addition of rIL17 also led to a significant fold increase in specific anti-rgD IgG and neutralizing antibodies to the virus, respectively, when compared with the alumen group. Cells stimulated with rIL17A responded with IL17 transcription, as well IL2, IL4, IL10, IL15, Bcl6 and CXCR5. Our findings suggest that the rIL17A has adjuvant potential for use in vaccines against BoHV-5 as well as potentially other pathogens of cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Sequeira Gonçalves
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia - Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Francisco Denis Souza Santos
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia - Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Renan Eugênio Araujo Piraine
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia - Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Litchina Brasil
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Neida Lucia Conrad
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia - Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia - Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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16
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Headley SA, de Oliveira TES, Cunha CW. A review of the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of malignant catarrhal fever in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1405-1432. [PMID: 32542424 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF), the form of MCF that occurs in Brazil, is a severe, frequently fatal, infectious disease caused by ovine gammaherpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2), in which sheep are the asymptomatic hosts and cattle and other cloven-hoofed animals are the accidental hosts. This review provides a critical analysis of the historical, epidemiological aspects and the estimated economic impacts associated with SA-MCF in Brazil. Moreover, the clinical manifestations and pathological lesions associated with SA-MCF in cattle are reviewed and discussed and the phylogenetic distribution of OvHV-2 in Brazil is presented. OvHV-2 is the only MCF virus identified in animals from Brazil. It is recommended that a histopathologic diagnosis of SA-MCF be based on all aspects of vascular disease in the affected animal and not only lymphocytic/necrotizing vasculitis and/or fibrinoid change. Conformation of the intralesional participation of OvHV-2 in these alterations can be achieved by immunohistochemistry and/or in situ hybridization assays. Additionally, it is proposed that OvHV-2 should be considered as a possible infectious disease agent associated with the development of bovine respiratory disease in cattle. Furthermore, the possible role of the small intestine in the dissemination of OvHV-2 is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, PO Box 10.011, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Thalita Evani Silva de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, PO Box 10.011, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Cristina Wetzel Cunha
- Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA, 99164-6630, USA
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17
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Kumar N, Chander Y, Riyesh T, Khandelwal N, Kumar R, Kumar H, Tripathi BN, Barua S. Isolation and characterization of bovine herpes virus 5 (BoHV5) from cattle in India. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232093. [PMID: 32330151 PMCID: PMC7182196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV1) and 5 (BoHV5) are genetically and antigenically related alphaherpesviruses. Infection with one virus induces protective immunity against the other. However, disease associated with BoHV1 and BoHV5 varies significantly; whereas BoHV1 infection is usually associated with rhinotracheitis and abortion, BoHV5 causes encephalitis in cattle. BoHV5 outbreaks are sporadic and mainly restricted to the South American countries. We report BoHV5 infection for the first time from aborted cattle in India. Based on the characteristic cytopathic effects in MDBK cells, amplification of the viral genome by PCR, differential PCR for BoHV1/BoHV5, nucleotide sequencing and restriction endonuclease patterns, identity of the virus was confirmed as BoHV5 subtype A. Serum samples from the aborted cattle strongly neutralized both BoHV1 and BoHV5 suggesting an active viral infection in the herd. Upon UL27, UL44 and UL54 gene-based sequence and phylogenetic analysis, the isolated virus clustered with BoHV5 strains and showed highest similarity with the Brazilian BoHV5 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
- * E-mail: (NK); (SB); (BNT)
| | - Yogesh Chander
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Thachamvally Riyesh
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Nitin Khandelwal
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Ram Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Harish Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Bhupendra N. Tripathi
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
- * E-mail: (NK); (SB); (BNT)
| | - Sanjay Barua
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
- * E-mail: (NK); (SB); (BNT)
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18
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Silva AM, Morgado FS, Silva LA, Borges JRJ, Perecmanis S, Ardisson-Araújo DMP, Ribeiro BM, Campos FS. Evaluation of the anti-apoptotic activity of bovine alphaherpesvirus type 5 US3 protein kinase in insect cells using a recombinant baculovirus. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:827-835. [PMID: 31907798 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine alphaherpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) is one of the main agents responsible for meningoencephalitis in cattle in Brazil, causing significant economic losses. It is known that other viruses of the Herpesviridae family such as Bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1, Swine alphaherpesvirus type 1, and the Human alphaherpesvirus types 1 and 2 encode genes homologous to BoHV-5, with recognized action in the control of apoptosis. The objective of this work was to express the BoHV-5 US3 gene in a baculovirus-based expression system for the production of the serine/threonine kinase protein and to evaluate its activity in the control of apoptosis in vitro. A recombinant baculovirus derived from the Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) containing the US3 gene and a deletion in the baculovirus anti-apoptotic p35 gene was constructed using the Bac-to-Bac™ system. This recombinant baculovirus was used to evaluate the anti-apoptotic activity of the recombinant US3 protein in insect cells comparing with two other AcMNPV recombinants, one containing a functional copy of the AcMNPV anti-apoptotic p35 gene and an AcMNPV p35 knockout virus with the anti-apoptotic iap-3 gene from Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV). We found that the caspase level was higher in insect cells infected with the US3-contanining recombinant virus than in cells infected with the AcMNPV recombinants containing the p35 and iap-3 genes. These results indicate that the BoHV-5 US3 protein kinase gene is not able to block apoptosis in insect cells induced by the infection of a p35 knockout AcMNPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M Silva
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Fabrício S Morgado
- Laboratory of Baculovirus, Cell Biology Department, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A Silva
- Laboratory of Baculovirus, Cell Biology Department, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - José R J Borges
- Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Simone Perecmanis
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Daniel M P Ardisson-Araújo
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bergmann M Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Baculovirus, Cell Biology Department, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Fabrício S Campos
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Tocantins, Campus of Gurupi, Gurupi, TO, Brazil.
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19
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Marin M, Burucúa M, Rensetti D, Rosales JJ, Odeón A, Pérez S. Distinctive features of bovine alphaherpesvirus types 1 and 5 and the virus-host interactions that might influence clinical outcomes. Arch Virol 2019; 165:285-301. [PMID: 31845150 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) are two closely related alphaherpesviruses. BoHV-1 causes several syndromes in cattle, including respiratory disease and sporadic cases of encephalitis, whereas BoHV-5 is responsible for meningoencephalitis in calves. Although both viruses are neurotropic, they differ in their neuropathogenic potential. This review summarizes the findings on the specific mechanisms and pathways known to modulate the pathogenesis of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5, particularly in relation to respiratory and neurological syndromes, which characterize BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 infections, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Marin
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Burucúa
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Rensetti
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, 7000, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Juan José Rosales
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, 7000, Tandil, Argentina.,Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, 7000, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Anselmo Odeón
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, 7000, Tandil, Argentina. .,Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, 7000, Tandil, Argentina.
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20
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Modulation of cathelicidins, IFNβ and TNFα by bovine alpha-herpesviruses is dependent on the stage of the infectious cycle. Mol Immunol 2019; 111:136-144. [PMID: 31054407 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Production of antimicrobial peptides cathelicidins, interferons and cytokines is an important feature in airway epithelial host defense. The innate immune response to alpha-herpesvirus infection at the sites of primary replication has not been fully studied. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the expression of innate immune components, cathelicidins, IFNβ, TNFα and TNF receptors (TNFRI and TNFRII) during acute infection and reactivation of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) in the respiratory tract and lymphoid tissue of their natural host. We found that BoHV infection modulates mainly the expression of BMAP28, a key cathelicidin in cattle. It was downregulated by both viruses in retropharyngeal lymph nodes of acutely infected-calves, and it was accompanied by a lower expression of IFNβ, TNFα and TNFRI. BoHV-5 showed a pronounced role in the downregulation of BMAP28, even in nasal mucosa and lung. However, during reactivation, BoHV-5 upregulated both BMAP28 and IFNβ in retropharyngeal lymph nodes. Acute replication induced also TNFα mRNA and protein synthesis, and expression of TNFRI and II was positively regulated during both acute infection and reactivation, particularly in the trachea. Moreover, BMAP27 was detected during BoHV-1 reactivation suggesting a potential role at this stage. Thus, cathelicidins are implicated in alpha-herpesvirus infections of the bovine respiratory system and the response is distinct during BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 acute infection and reactivation. This demonstrates that these viruses modulate differentially the components of innate immune response, possibly influencing their pathogenesis. This study provides an initial pilot analysis of factors that might be implicated in alpha-herpesvirus infection of the bovine respiratory system.
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21
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Cardoso TC, Okamura LH, Baptistella JC, Borsanelli AC, Baptistiolli L, Ferreira HL, Gameiro R, Flores EF. RETRACTED: Bovine Herpesvirus 5 promotes mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured bovine monocyte-derived macrophages and not affect virus replication. Vet Microbiol 2019; 229:153-158. [PMID: 30642592 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).
This article has been retracted at the request of the Editors-in-Chief and Authors.
Fig 1A is a duplicate of a figure that has already been published in da Silva SEL et al. Archives of Virology 2018;163:1043-1049; 10.1007/s00705-018-3704-2. These two papers report studies performed with cells from two different animal species (bovine cells for the Veterinary Microbiology paper and chicken cells for the Archives of Virology paper). The reuse of the same figure in the Veterinary Microbiology paper to describe cells that were supposed to be from a different species is thus inappropriate and also puts into question the reliability of the other results presented in this paper.
In addition, the Editors-in-Chief have remaining concerns about the strong similarities of other data presented in the two papers.
Even if these concerns were addressed, the re-use of any data has to be clearly indicated and appropriately cited. As such this article represents a misuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza C Cardoso
- UNESP- University of São Paulo State, College of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lucas H Okamura
- UNESP- University of São Paulo State, College of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jamila C Baptistella
- UNESP- University of São Paulo State, College of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lillian Baptistiolli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, FZEA- USP- University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena L Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, FZEA- USP- University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Gameiro
- UNESP- University of São Paulo State, College of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F Flores
- Virology Section, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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22
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Ferreira HCC, Campos MG, Vidigal PMP, Santos MR, DE Carvalho OV, Bressan GC, Fietto JLR, da Costa EP, Almeida MR, Silva Júnior A. Latent bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 in milk from naturally infected dairy cattle. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1787-1790. [PMID: 30282840 PMCID: PMC6261829 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 (BoHV-1 and -5) are antigenically and genetically related and can establish latent infection. We aimed to analyze the applicability of the milk
sample to detect latently BoHV-infected cattle. BoHV-1 non-vaccinated clinically healthy cows from five dairy cattle herds (herd 1, n=24; herd 2, n=39; herd 3, n=39; herd 4, n=36; herd 5,
n=70) were studied. We confirmed the presence of BoHV-1, and for the first time, BoHV-5 in the milk of naturally infected dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Carolina Campos Ferreira
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Mateus Gandra Campos
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Infectology, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária/BIOAGRO, Molecular Biology and Biochesmitry Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Marcus Pereira Vidigal
- Centro de Análises de Biomoléculas/NuBioMol, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Marcus Rebouças Santos
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Otávio Valério DE Carvalho
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Costa Bressan
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Infectology, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária/BIOAGRO, Molecular Biology and Biochesmitry Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Infectology, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária/BIOAGRO, Molecular Biology and Biochesmitry Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Paulino da Costa
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Márcia Rogéria Almeida
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Infectology, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária/BIOAGRO, Molecular Biology and Biochesmitry Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Abelardo Silva Júnior
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
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23
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Araujo IL, Dummer LA, Rodrigues PRC, Dos Santos AG, Fischer G, Cunha RC, Leite FPL. Immune responses in bovines to recombinant glycoprotein D of bovine herpesvirus type 5 as vaccine antigen. Vaccine 2018; 36:7708-7714. [PMID: 30381153 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) is responsible for outbreaks of meningoencephalitis that cause important economic losses in young cattle. BoHV-5 glycoprotein D (gD5) is essential for attachment and penetration into permissive cells and targeting of host immune systems, inducing strong humoral and cellular immune responses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vaccinal immune response of vaccines formulated with the recombinant BoHV-5 gD (rgD5) in bovines. For the experiment, 72 heifers were randomly allotted into 6 different groups with 12 animals each. Group 1: vaccine formulated using inactivated BoHV-5 (iBoHV-5) adjuvanted with ISA50V2; Group 2: iBoHV-5 associated with 100 µg of rgD5 adjuvanted with ISA50V2; Group 3: 100 µg of rgD5 adjuvanted with ISA50V2; Group 4: 100 µg of rgD5 adjuvanted with Al(OH)3; Group 5: commercial vaccine; and Group 6: control group. Two doses were administered in a 26-day interval and the third after 357 days from primo vaccination. Cattle vaccinated with the vaccines formulated with iBoHV-5 plus rgD5 showed a significant (p < 0.01) five-fold increase in total immunoglobulin G (IgG) for BoHV-5, BoHV-1, and rgD5 as compared with the commercial and control groups. Also, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in IgG1 and IgG2a levels was induced in serum for rgD5. In addition, these same vaccines showed significant (p < 0.01) four-fold higher titers of BoHV-1 and -5 neutralizing antibodies. The results demonstrated that the rgD5 conserved important epitopes that were able to stimulate bovine humoral immunity response capable of viral neutralization of BoHV-1 and -5, suggesting it as a promising vaccine antigen to be used in vaccine for BoHV-1 and -5 endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itauá Leston Araujo
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Luana Alves Dummer
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Centeno Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Alceu Gonçalves Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Geferson Fischer
- Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Casquero Cunha
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul 96010-900, Brazil.
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24
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Ramakrishnan MA, Pundkar CY, Fayaz A, ChandraSekar S, Mageswary R, Ashokkumar D, Bano R, Muthuchelvan D, Nandi S, Gupta VK. Differentiation of bovine herpesvirus1 subtypes based on UL0.5 gene sequencing. Virusdisease 2018; 29:106-108. [PMID: 29607367 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-018-0422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis is one of the high economic importance diseases of cattle and caused by bovine herpesvirus1 (BoHV1). Based on the restriction endonuclease fingerprinting of viral DNA, the BoHV1 can be divided into three subtypes viz., BoHV1.1, 1.2a, and 1.2b. Since this method requires a pure viral DNA, it is time-consuming and labour intense. In the current study, the UL0.5 gene based PCR sequencing has been used for the subtyping of BoHV1. Out of five isolates, four had BoHV1-like signatures and one isolate had BoHV1.2-like signatures. Further, these viruses phylogenetically clustered under the respective subtypes. These results indicate that the UL 0.5 gene based PCR sequencing could be used as an alternate method of subtyping of BoHV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthannan A Ramakrishnan
- 1Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand 263 138 India
| | - Chetan Y Pundkar
- 1Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand 263 138 India
| | - Arfa Fayaz
- 1Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand 263 138 India
| | - S ChandraSekar
- 1Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand 263 138 India
| | - R Mageswary
- 1Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand 263 138 India
| | - Deenanath Ashokkumar
- 1Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand 263 138 India
| | - Rukhsana Bano
- 1Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand 263 138 India
| | - Dhanavelu Muthuchelvan
- 1Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand 263 138 India
| | - Sukdeb Nandi
- 2Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India
| | - V K Gupta
- 2Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India
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Cocca LH, Oliveira TM, Gotardo F, Teles AV, Menegatti R, Siqueira JP, Mendonça CR, Bataus LA, Ribeiro AO, Souza TF, Souza GR, Gonçalves PJ, De Boni L. Tetracarboxy-phthalocyanines: From excited state dynamics to photodynamic inactivation against Bovine herpesvirus type 1. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 175:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Maidana SS, Craig PO, Craig MI, Ludwig L, Mauroy A, Thiry E, Romera SA. Evidence of natural interspecific recombinant viruses between bovine alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5. Virus Res 2017; 242:122-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Susceptibility of mice to bovine herpesvirus type 5 infection in the central nervous system. Vet Res Commun 2017; 41:279-288. [PMID: 28942490 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-017-9699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) is an important pathogen that causes meningoencephalitis in cattle. Few studies have used the mouse as a model for BoHV-5 infection. Despite the fact that BoHV-5 can infect mice with immune deficiencies, little is known about viral replication, immune response, and the course of infection in the central nervous system (CNS) of wild-type mice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the response in the CNS of BALB/c mice acutely infected with BoHV-5 at different days post-inoculation (dpi). BoHV-5, when inoculated intracranially, was able to infect and replicate within the CNS of BALB/c mice. Until 15 dpi, the mice were able to survive without showing prominent neurological signs. The infection was accompanied by a Th1 immune response, with a significant expression of the cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α and chemokine CCL-2. The expression of these cytokines and chemokines was most significant in the early course of infection (3 and 4 dpi), and it was followed by meningoencephalitis with perivascular cuffing and periventriculitis, composed mainly of macrophages and lymphocytes. After the expression of cytokines and chemokine, the mice were able to curb BoHV-5 acute infection in the brain, since there was a decrease in the number of BoHV-5 DNA copies after 3 dpi and viable viral particles were not detected after 6 dpi. Importantly, BoHV-5 was able to infect the trigeminal ganglia during acute infection, since a large number of BoHV-5 DNA copies were detected on 1 and 2 dpi.
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28
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Silvestro CA, Bratanich AC. Recombinant Bovine herpervirus 5 expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein. Rev Argent Microbiol 2017; 49:301-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Secretory expression of bovine herpesvirus type 1/5 glycoprotein E in Pichia pastoris for the differential diagnosis of vaccinated or infected cattle. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 130:21-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Cardoso TC, Ferreira HL, Okamura LH, Giroto TP, Oliveira BRSM, Fabri CUF, Gameiro R, Flores EF. Cellular response markers and cytokine gene expression in the central nervous system of cattle naturally infected with bovine herpesvirus 5. Vet J 2016; 218:71-77. [PMID: 27938713 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports an investigation on the phenotype of inflammatory and immune cells, cytokine and viral gene expression in the brains of cattle naturally infected with bovine herpesvirus 5 (BHV5). Brain sections of 38 affected animals were analysed for the nature and extent of perivascular cuffs in the Virchow-Robin space and parenchyma. Histopathological changes were severe in the olfactory bulbs (Obs), hippocampus, piriform, frontal, temporal and parietal cortices/lobes and were characterized by inflammatory infiltrates in Virchow-Robin spaces. The histopathological changes correlated positively with the distribution of BHV5 antigens (r = 0.947; P < 0.005). Cells of CD3+ phenotype were predominant in areas with severe perivascular cuffs. Viral antigens and genomic viral DNA were detected in the Obs and piriform lobe, simultaneously (r = 0.987; P < 0.005). Similarly, pro-inflammatory cytokine genes INFG, IL2, TNF and LTBR were expressed in the same brain areas (P < 0.005). These results provide important information on the inflammatory and immunological events accompanying BHV5 neurological infections. Our findings provide the first evidence for increased immune activation followed by inflammatory cytokine expression, positively correlated with viral replication in the cranial areas of the brain. Taken together, these results suggest that the host immune response and inflammation play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of acute encephalitis by BHV5 in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Cardoso
- Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Univ - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo 16050-680, Brazil.
| | - H L Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, FZEA-USP-University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil
| | - L H Okamura
- Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Univ - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo 16050-680, Brazil
| | - T P Giroto
- Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Univ - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo 16050-680, Brazil
| | - B R S M Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Univ - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo 16050-680, Brazil
| | - C U F Fabri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Univ - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo 16050-680, Brazil
| | - R Gameiro
- Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Univ - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo 16050-680, Brazil
| | - E F Flores
- Virology Section, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97115-900, Brazil
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Proft A, Spiesschaert B, Izume S, Taferner S, Lehmann MJ, Azab W. The Role of the Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1) US3-Encoded Protein Kinase in Actin Reorganization and Nuclear Egress. Viruses 2016; 8:v8100275. [PMID: 27754319 PMCID: PMC5086611 DOI: 10.3390/v8100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The serine-threonine protein kinase encoded by US3 gene (pUS3) of alphaherpesviruses was shown to modulate actin reorganization, cell-to-cell spread, and virus egress in a number of virus species. However, the role of the US3 orthologues of equine herpesvirus type 1 and 4 (EHV-1 and EHV-4) has not yet been studied. Here, we show that US3 is not essential for virus replication in vitro. However, growth rates and plaque diameters of a US3-deleted EHV-1 and a mutant in which the catalytic active site was destroyed were significantly reduced when compared with parental and revertant viruses or a virus in which EHV-1 US3 was replaced with the corresponding EHV-4 gene. The reduced plaque sizes were consistent with accumulation of primarily enveloped virions in the perinuclear space of the US3-negative EHV-1, a phenotype that was also rescued by the EHV-4 orthologue. Furthermore, actin stress fiber disassembly was significantly more pronounced in cells infected with parental EHV-1, revertant, or the recombinant EHV-1 expressing EHV-4 US3. Finally, we observed that deletion of US3 in EHV-1 did not affect the expression of adhesion molecules on the surface of infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Proft
- Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bart Spiesschaert
- Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Satoko Izume
- Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 501-1193 Gifu, Japan.
| | - Selina Taferner
- Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Maik J Lehmann
- Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Bingen, 55411 Bingen, Germany.
| | - Walid Azab
- Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt.
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Cardoso TC, Rosa ACG, Ferreira HL, Okamura LH, Oliveira BRSM, Vieira FV, Silva-Frade C, Gameiro R, Flores EF. Bovine herpesviruses induce different cell death forms in neuronal and glial-derived tumor cell cultures. J Neurovirol 2016; 22:725-735. [PMID: 27311457 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-016-0444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses have the ability to infect tumor cells and leave healthy cells intact. In this study, bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1; Los Angeles, Cooper, and SV56/90 strains) and bovine herpesvirus 5 (BHV5; SV507/99 and GU9457818 strains) were used to infect two neuronal tumor cell lineages: neuro2a (mouse neuroblastoma cells) and C6 (rat glial cells). BHV1 and BHV5 strains infected both cell lines and positively correlated with viral antigen detection (p < 0.005). When neuro2a cells were infected by Los Angeles, SV507/99, and GU9457818 strains, 40 % of infected cells were under early apoptosis and necroptosis pathways. Infected C6 cells were >40 % in necroptosis phase when infected by BHV5 (GU9457818 strain). Blocking caspase activation did not interfere with cell death. However, when necroptosis was blocked, 60-80 % of both infected cells with either virus switched to early apoptosis pathway with no interference with virus replication. Moreover, reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial membrane dysfunction were detected at high levels in both infected cell lines. In spite of apoptosis and necroptosis blockage, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA) and virus transcription were positively correlated for all viral strains studied. Thus, these results contribute to the characterization of BHV1 and BHV5 as potential oncolytic viruses for non-human cells. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying their oncolytic activity in human cells are still to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza C Cardoso
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina G Rosa
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Helena L Ferreira
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
- FZEA-USP, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP, CEP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas H Okamura
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Bruna R S M Oliveira
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Flavia V Vieira
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Camila Silva-Frade
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Roberto Gameiro
- DAPSA Department, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F Flores
- Virology Section, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97115-900, RS, Brazil
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Puentes R, Campos FS, Furtado A, Torres FD, Franco AC, Maisonnave J, Roehe PM. Comparison between DNA Detection in Trigeminal Nerve Ganglia and Serology to Detect Cattle Infected with Bovine Herpesviruses Types 1 and 5. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155941. [PMID: 27224314 PMCID: PMC4880179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesviruses (BoHVs) types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) are alphaherpesviruses of major importance to the bovine production chain. Such viruses are capable of establishing latent infections in neuronal tissues. Infected animals tend to develop a serological response to infection; however, such response—usually investigated by antibody assays in serum—may eventually not be detected in laboratory assays. Nevertheless, serological tests such as virus neutralization (VN) and various enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are widely employed to check individual or herd status of BoHV infections. The correlation between detection of antibodies and the presence of viral nucleic acids as indicatives of infection in infected cattle has not been deeply examined. In order to investigate such correlation, 248 bovine serum samples were tested by VN to BoHV-1 and BoHV-5, as well as in a widely employed (though not type-differential) gB ELISA (IDEXX IBR gB X2 Ab Test) in search for antibodies to BoHVs. Immediately after blood withdrawal, cattle were slaughtered and trigeminal ganglia (TG) excised for DNA extraction and viral nucleic acid detection (NAD) by nested PCR. Neutralizing antibodies to BoHV-1 and/or BoHV-5 were detected in 44.8% (111/248) of sera, whereas the gB ELISA detected antibodies in 51.2% (127/248) of the samples. However, genomes of either BoHV-1, BoHV-5, or both, were detected in TGs of 85.9% (213/248) of the animals. These findings reveal that the assays designed to detect antibodies to BoHV-1 and/or BoHV-5 employed here may fail to detect a significant number of latently infected animals (in this study, 35.7%). From such data, it is clear that antibody assays are poorly correlated with detection of viral genomes in BoHV-1 and BoHV-5-infected animals.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Cattle
- Cattle Diseases/diagnosis
- Cattle Diseases/genetics
- Cattle Diseases/immunology
- Cell Line
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- Encephalitis, Viral/diagnosis
- Encephalitis, Viral/genetics
- Encephalitis, Viral/immunology
- Encephalitis, Viral/veterinary
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods
- Herpesviridae Infections/diagnosis
- Herpesviridae Infections/genetics
- Herpesviridae Infections/immunology
- Herpesviridae Infections/veterinary
- Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/immunology
- Herpesvirus 5, Bovine/genetics
- Herpesvirus 5, Bovine/immunology
- Meningoencephalitis/diagnosis
- Meningoencephalitis/genetics
- Meningoencephalitis/immunology
- Meningoencephalitis/veterinary
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Trigeminal Ganglion/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Puentes
- Departamento de Ciencias Microbiológicas, Área de Inmunología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
- * E-mail:
| | - Fabrício Souza Campos
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Distrito Federal (DF), Brazil
| | - Agustin Furtado
- Departamento de Ciencias Microbiológicas, Área de Inmunología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fabrício Dias Torres
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Franco
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Maisonnave
- Departamento de Ciencias Microbiológicas, Área de Inmunología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Paulo Michel Roehe
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Aparecida Silva Barbosa A, Freitas Versiani A, Fonseca da Cunha Sousa L, Silva de Miranda A, Gasparini MR, Brant F, Silva DG, Luisa Quintino-de-Carvalho I, Marianetti Soriani F, Guimarães da Fonseca F, César Vasconcelos A, da Silva Barcelos L, Martins Teixeira M, Lúcio Teixeira A, Machado FS, Barbosa-Stancioli EF, Rachid MA. Role of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) during meningoencephalitis caused by Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5). Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 47:26-31. [PMID: 27477504 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) in meningoencephalitis caused by Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) was evaluated by intracranial infection in C57BL/6 wild-type mice (WT) and SOCS2 deficient mice (SOCS2(-/-)). Both infected groups presented weight loss, ruffled fur and hunched posture. Additionally, infected SOCS2(-/-) mice showed swollen chamfer and progressive depression. Infected WT animals developed mild meningitis, characterized by infiltration of mononuclear cells. Moreover, viral DNA was detected in liver and lung from infected WT group. This group also showed elevated brain levels of IFN-γ, IL-10, CXCL1 and CCL5, when compared with non-infected WT animals. Brain inflammation was exacerbated in infected SOCS2(-/-) mice with widespread distribution of the virus and increased brain levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-12, CXCL1 and CCL5, when compared with WT infected mice. Moreover, infected SOCS2 deficient mice exhibited reduced brain mRNA expression of IFNα and IFNβ and increased expression of mRNA of SOCS1, compared with infected WT mice. Taken together, our study provides an insight into the role of SOCS2 in modulating the immune response to BoHV-5 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Freitas Versiani
- Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Aline Silva de Miranda
- Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Fátima Brant
- Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | - Daniele Gonçalves Silva
- Departamentos de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Anilton César Vasconcelos
- Departamentos de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | - Lucíola da Silva Barcelos
- Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Fabiana Simão Machado
- Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Milene Alvarenga Rachid
- Departamentos de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
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Understanding the molecular basis of disease is crucial to improving the design and construction of herpesviral vectors for veterinary vaccines. Vaccine 2015; 33:5897-904. [PMID: 26387436 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections are associated with production losses in many animal production industries. Important examples of this are Marek's disease (MD) and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) which are significant issues in the chicken and cattle industries, respectively. Viruses play key roles in MD and BRD development and consequently have also been utilised in vaccination strategies to control these diseases. Despite the widespread availability and use of vaccines to control these diseases both are still major issues for their respective industries. Here the dual role of members of viruses from the family Herpesviridae in causation and control of MD and BRD will be discussed. The technologies that may lead to the development of improved vaccines to provide more sustainable control of MD and BRD will also be identified.
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Cardoso TC, Ferreira HL, Okamura LH, Oliveira BRSM, Rosa ACG, Gameiro R, Flores EF. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Comparative analysis of the replication of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) and BHV5 in bovine-derived neuron-like cells. Arch Virol 2015; 160:2683-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Aslan ME, Azkur AK, Gazyagci S. Epidemiology and genetic characterization of BVDV, BHV-1, BHV-4, BHV-5 and Brucella spp. infections in cattle in Turkey. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1371-7. [PMID: 26096964 PMCID: PMC4667652 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the epidemiological data of bovine viral diarrhea
virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), bovine herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4), bovine
herpesvirus-5 (BHV-5) and Brucella–associated cattle that were previously
reported to have abortion and infertility problems in Ankara, Corum, Kirikkale and Yozgat
provinces, Turkey. Whole blood and sera samples were obtained from 656 cattle, and
antibodies against Brucella spp. were detected in 45 (6.86%) and 41
(6.25%) animals by Rose Bengal plate and serum tube agglutination tests, respectively. The
seropositivity rates against BVDV, BHV-1 and BHV-4 were 70.89%, 41.3% and 28.78%,
respectively. RT-PCR and PCR were performed to detect RNA and DNA viruses in blood
samples, respectively. The BVDV 5′-untranslated region and BHV-1 gB gene detected in this
study were phylogenetically analyzed. The BVDV strains analyzed in this study were closely
related to those previously reported from Turkey. The nucleotide sequence from the BHV-1
strain detected in this study is the first nucleotide sequence of BHV-1 circulating in
this area of Turkey deposited in the GenBank. The presence of Brucella
spp. and prevalence of BHV-1, BHV-4 and BVDV in cattle should be further investigated
throughout these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Eren Aslan
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale 71450, Turkey
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Outbreak Control and Clinical, Pathological, and Epidemiological Aspects and Molecular Characterization of a Bovine Herpesvirus Type 5 on a Feedlot Farm in São Paulo State. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:981230. [PMID: 26090469 PMCID: PMC4454734 DOI: 10.1155/2015/981230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the control, epidemiological, pathological, and molecular aspects of an outbreak of meningoencephalitis in calves due to bovine herpesvirus 5 at a feedlot with 540 animals in São Paulo State, Brazil. The introduction of new animals and contact between the resident animals and the introduced ones were most likely responsible for virus transmission. Bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccine was used, resulting in the efficacy of the outbreak control, although two bovine herpesvirus 1 positive animals, vaccinated and revaccinated, presented meningoencephalitis, thereby characterizing vaccinal failure.
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Traesel CK, Bernardes LM, Spilki FR, Weiblen R, Flores EF. Sequence analysis of the 5' third of glycoprotein C gene of South American bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:470-8. [PMID: 25760029 PMCID: PMC4445672 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20144266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesviruses 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) share high genetic and antigenic
similarities, but exhibit marked differences in tissue tropism and neurovirulence.
The amino-terminal region of glycoprotein C (gC), which is markedly different in each
of the viruses, is involved in virus binding to cellular receptors and in
interactions with the immune system. This study investigated the genetic and
antigenic differences of the 5′ region of the gC (5′ gC) gene (amino-terminal) of
South American BoHV-1 (n=19) and BoHV-5 (n=25) isolates. Sequence alignments of 374
nucleotides (104 amino acids) revealed mean similarity levels of 97.3 and 94.2% among
BoHV-1 gC (gC1), respectively, 96.8 and 95.6% among BoHV-5 gC (gC5), and 62 and 53.3%
between gC1 and gC5. Differences included the absence of 40 amino acid residues (27
encompassing predicted linear epitopes) scattered throughout 5′ gC1 compared to 5′
gC5. Virus neutralizing assays testing BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 antisera against each
isolate revealed a high degree of cross-neutralization between the viruses, yet some
isolates were neutralized at very low titers by heterologous sera, and a few BoHV-5
isolates reacted weakly with either sera. The virus neutralization differences
observed within the same viral species, and more pronounced between BoHV-1 and
BoHV-5, likely reflect sequence differences in neutralizing epitopes. These results
demonstrate that the 5′ gC region is well conserved within each viral species but is
divergent between BoHV-1 and BoHV-5, likely contributing to their biological and
antigenic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Traesel
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - L M Bernardes
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - F R Spilki
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil
| | - R Weiblen
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - E F Flores
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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Alves Dummer L, Pereira Leivas Leite F, van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S. Bovine herpesvirus glycoprotein D: a review of its structural characteristics and applications in vaccinology. Vet Res 2014; 45:111. [PMID: 25359626 PMCID: PMC4252008 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-014-0111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The viral envelope glycoprotein D from bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5 (BoHV-1 and -5), two important pathogens of cattle, is a major component of the virion and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of herpesviruses. Glycoprotein D is essential for virus penetration into permissive cells and thus is a major target for virus neutralizing antibodies during infection. In view of its role in the induction of protective immunity, gD has been tested in new vaccine development strategies against both viruses. Subunit, DNA and vectored vaccine candidates have been developed using this glycoprotein as the primary antigen, demonstrating that gD has the capacity to induce robust virus neutralizing antibodies and strong cell-mediated immune responses, as well as protection from clinical symptoms, in target species. This review highlights the structural and functional characteristics of BoHV-1, BoHV-5 and where appropriate, Human herpesvirus gD, as well as its role in viral entry and interactions with host cell receptors. Furthermore, the interactions of gD with the host immune system are discussed. Finally, the application of this glycoprotein in new vaccine design is reviewed, taking its structural and functional characteristics into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Alves Dummer
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96010-900, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96010-900, Brazil.
| | - Sylvia van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk
- Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E3, Canada. .,VIDO-Intervac, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E3, Canada.
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42
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Toll-like receptor expression in the nervous system of bovine alpha-herpesvirus-infected calves. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:422-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Favier PA, Marin MS, Morán PE, Odeón AC, Verna AE, Pérez SE. Latency of bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) in tonsils and peripheral blood leukocytes. Vet J 2014; 202:134-40. [PMID: 25155304 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) can both establish latency in the trigeminal ganglion. Non-neural sites of latency have been described for BoHV-1 but not for BoHV-5. The aim of this study was to determine whether peripheral blood leukocytes and tonsils are targets for BoHV-5 infection and to establish whether all stages of that virus's infectious cycle can occur in those cell types. Comparisons with BoHV-1 infection of these tissues were also made in order to better understand the pathogenesis of both viruses. BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 were isolated from tonsils of acutely-infected calves. BoHV-5 was also isolated from a tonsil homogenate after dexamethasone-induced reactivation. During latency, infectious virus was recovered from a tonsil explant of one BoHV-5-infected calf. The genomes of BoHV-5 and BoHV-1 were detected in tonsils from acutely-infected calves although were not detected in tonsils from latently-infected calves or from calves treated with dexamethasone. Virus DNA was intermittently detected in leukocytes. The study has shown that BoHV-5 can establish latency in bovine tonsils and peripheral white blood cells, and that it can be reactivated from latently-infected tonsils, which might contribute to viral transmission. The titres of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 in tonsils were similar, suggesting that replication at this site is a common feature for both viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Favier
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Tandil 7000, Argentina
| | - M S Marin
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P E Morán
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Tandil 7000, Argentina
| | - A C Odeón
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5 (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A E Verna
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5 (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S E Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Tandil 7000, Argentina; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Tandil 7000, Argentina.
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Tang Q, Wu YQ, Chen DS, Zhou Q, Chen HC, Liu ZF. Bovine herpesvirus 5 encodes a unique pattern of microRNAs compared with bovine herpesvirus 1. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:671-678. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.061093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) are two closely related viruses. However, BoHV-5 is responsible for fatal meningitis in calves, while BoHV-1 is associated with infectious rhinotracheitis in cattle, and the mechanism by which the two viruses cause different symptoms is not well understood. In this study, we identified 11 microRNA (miRNA) genes, encoded by the BoHV-5 genome, that were processed into 16 detectable mature miRNAs in productive infection as determined by deep sequencing. We found that 6 out of 16 miRNA genes were present as two copies in the internal repeat and terminal repeat regions, resulting in a total of 17 miRNA-encoding loci distributed in both DNA strands. Surprisingly, BoHV-5 shared only one conservative miRNA with BoHV-1, which was located upstream of the origin of replication. Furthermore, in contrast to BoHV-1, no miRNAs were detected in the unique short region and locus within or near the bovine infected-cell protein 0 and latency-related genes. Variations in both the 5′ and 3′ ends of the reference sequence were observed, resulting in more than one isoform for each miRNA. All of the 16 miRNAs were detectable by stem–loop reverse transcriptase-PCR. The miRNAs with high read numbers were subjected to Northern blot analysis, and all pre-miRNAs and one mature miRNA were detected. Collectively, the data suggest that BoHV-5 encodes a different pattern of miRNAs, which may regulate the life cycle of BoHV-5 and might account for the different pathogenesis of this virus compared with BoHV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yi-Quan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Dong-Sheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Huan-Chun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zheng-Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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Maidana SS, Morano CD, Cianfrini D, Campos FS, Roehe PM, Siedler B, De Stefano G, Mauroy A, Thiry E, Romera SA. Multiplex PCR followed by restriction length polymorphism analysis for the subtyping of bovine herpesvirus 5 isolates. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:111. [PMID: 23734608 PMCID: PMC3679755 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several types and subtypes of bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5 (BoHV-1 and BoHV-5) have been associated to different clinical conditions of cattle, making type/subtype differentiation essential to understand the pathogenesis and epidemiology of BoHV infections. BoHV-5 subtyping is currently carried out by BstEII restriction enzyme analysis (REA) of the complete virus genome. This method allowed the description of three subtypes, one of which is the most widespread while the remaining two have so far only been found in South America. The present work describes a multiplex PCR followed by REA for BoHV-5 subtyping. Results The method consists in the simultaneous amplification of glycoprotein B and UL54 gene fragments of 534 and 669 base pairs (bp), respectively, BstEII digestion of amplicons, separation of products in 1% agarose gels, and analysis of fragment length polymorphims. The multiplex PCR detected up to 227 BoHV-5 genome copies and 9.2 × 105 BoHV-5 genome copies when DNA was extracted from purified virus or infected tissue homogenates, respectively. The applicability of multiplex PCR-REA was demonstrated on 3 BoHV-5 reference strains. In addition, subtyping of two new isolates and seventeen previously reported ones (17 BHV-5a and 2 BHV-5b) by this method gave coincident results with those obtained with the classic BstEII REA assay. Conclusions Multiplex PCR-REA provides a new tool for the fast and simple diagnosis and subtyping of BoHV-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Soledad Maidana
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y, Agronómicas (CICVyA), Instituto de tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), N. Repetto, y Los Reseros S/N, CC25, (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kohn LK, Queiroga CL, Martini MC, Barata LE, Porto PSS, Souza L, Arns CW. In vitro antiviral activity of Brazilian plants (Maytenus ilicifolia and Aniba rosaeodora) against bovine herpesvirus type 5 and avian metapneumovirus. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:1269-1275. [PMID: 22873798 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.673627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Medicinal plants are well known for their use in traditional folk medicine as treatments for many diseases including infectious diseases. OBJECTIVE Six Brazilian medicinal plant species were subjected to an antiviral screening bioassay to investigate and evaluate their biological activities against five viruses: bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BHV-5), avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), murine hepatitis virus type 3, porcine parvovirus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antiviral activity was determined by a titration technique that depends on the ability of plant extract dilutions (25 or 2.5 µg/mL) to inhibit the viral induced cytopathic effect and the extracts' inhibition percentage (IP). RESULTS Two medicinal plant species showed potential antiviral activity. The Aniba rosaeodora Ducke (Lauraceae) extract had the best results, with 90% inhibition of viral growth at 2.5 µg/mL when the extract was added during the replication period of the aMPV infection cycle. The Maytenus ilicifolia (Schrad.) Planch. (Celastraceae) extracts at a concentration of 2.5 µg/mL exhibited antiviral activity during the attachment phase of BHV-5 (IP = 100%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The biomonitored fractionation of the active extracts from M. ilicifolia and A. rosaeodora could be a potential tool for identifying their active compounds and determining the exact mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Kohn
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas – Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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First report of bovine herpesvirus 5 in bull semen. Arch Virol 2012; 157:1775-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Marin M, Leunda M, Verna A, Faverín C, Pérez S, Odeón A. In vitro replication of bovine herpesvirus types 1 and 5. J Virol Methods 2012; 181:80-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Roos TB, de Lara APDSS, Dummer LA, Fischer G, Leite FPL. The immune modulation of Bacillus cereus var. Toyoi in mice immunized with experimental inactivated Bovine Herpesvirus Type 5 vaccine. Vaccine 2012; 30:2173-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Mansur HS, Piscitelli Mansur AA. Fluorescent nanohybrids: quantum dots coupled to polymer recombinant protein conjugates for the recognition of biological hazards. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31168b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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