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Schmid SM, Hoffman JM, Prescott J, Ernst H, Promislow DEL, Creevy KE. The companion dog as a model for inflammaging: a cross-sectional pilot study. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01217-w. [PMID: 38822125 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01217-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammaging, the chronic, progressive proinflammatory state associated with aging, has been associated with multiple negative health outcomes in humans. The pathophysiology of inflammaging is complex; however, it is often characterized by high serum concentrations of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Few studies have evaluated the effects of age on inflammatory cytokines in companion dogs, and most of these studies included dogs of a single breed. In this cross-sectional study, we measured multiple circulating inflammatory markers and hematological parameters in banked serum samples from 47 healthy companion dogs of various breeds enrolled in the Dog Aging Project. Using univariate linear models, we investigated the association of each of these markers with age, sex, body weight, and body condition score (BCS), a measure of obesity in the dog. Serum IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α concentrations were all positively associated with age. Lymphocyte count was negatively associated with age. Platelet count had a negative association with body weight. IL-2, albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride, bilirubin, S100A12, and NMH concentrations were not associated with age, weight, BCS, or sex after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Our findings replicate previous findings in humans, including increases in IL-6 and TNF-α with age, giving more evidence to the strength of the companion dog as a model for human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Schmid
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
| | - Jessica M Hoffman
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jena Prescott
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Holley Ernst
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Daniel E L Promislow
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center On Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kate E Creevy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Vendramini THA, Macedo HT, Amaral AR, Zafalon RVA, Carmo AAD, Cesar CGL, Marchi PH, Balieiro JCDC, Brunetto MA. What Is the Cost of Weight Loss? An Approach to Commercial (Dry and Wet) and Homemade Diets. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:679. [PMID: 38473064 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of the rising prevalence of obesity among pets, this study aimed to assess the economic aspects of weight reduction protocols for dogs and cats, considering the lack of information and the varying costs of commercial and homemade diets. The results indicated an average weekly weight loss rate of 1.02% for dogs and 0.92% for cats, with a reduction in body fat mass (p < 0.005). The cost analysis included an evaluation of both dry and wet commercial prescription diets as well as homemade diets. The results unveiled higher expenses associated to wet commercial diets, followed by homemade and dry commercial diets (p < 0.001). The study demonstrated that despite the initial investment, the long-term benefits of weight loss, including improved health and reduced financial burdens for owners, justify the expenses incurred. This comprehensive analysis provides veterinarians and pet owners with valuable insights into the economic considerations of weight reduction protocols, facilitating informed decision making and promoting pet well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Henrique Tobaro Macedo
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Andressa Rodrigues Amaral
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Rafael Vessecchi Amorim Zafalon
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Adrielly Aparecida do Carmo
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Gonçalves Lenz Cesar
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Marchi
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cesar de Carvalho Balieiro
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Marcio Antonio Brunetto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
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3
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Vecchiato CG, Golinelli S, Pinna C, Pilla R, Suchodolski JS, Tvarijonaviciute A, Rubio CP, Dorato E, Delsante C, Stefanelli C, Pagani E, Fracassi F, Biagi G. Fecal microbiota and inflammatory and antioxidant status of obese and lean dogs, and the effect of caloric restriction. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1050474. [PMID: 36713218 PMCID: PMC9878458 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1050474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is the most common nutritional disease in dogs, and is generally managed by caloric restriction. Gut microbiota alteration could represent a predisposing factor for obesity development, which has been associated with a low-grade inflammatory condition and an impaired antioxidant status. Besides, weight loss has been shown to influence the gut microbiota composition and reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Method However, these insights in canine obesity have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess the differences in serum and inflammatory parameters, antioxidant status, fecal microbiota and bacterial metabolites in 16 obese and 15 lean client-owned dogs and how these parameters in obese may be influenced by caloric restriction. First, for 30 days, all dogs received a high-protein, high-fiber diet in amounts to maintain their body weight; later, obese dogs were fed for 180 days the same diet in restricted amounts to promote weight loss. Results Before the introduction of the experimental diet (T0), small differences in fecal microbial populations were detected between obese and lean dogs, but bacterial diversity and main bacterial metabolites did not differ. The fecal Dysbiosis Index (DI) was within the reference range (< 0) in most of dogs of both groups. Compared to lean dogs, obese dogs showed higher serum concentrations of acute-phase proteins, total thyroxine (TT4), and antioxidant capacity. Compared to T0, dietary treatment affected the fecal microbiota of obese dogs, decreasing the abundance of Firmicutes and increasing Bacteroides spp. However, these changes did not significantly affect the DI. The caloric restriction failed to exert significative changes on a large scale on bacterial populations. Consequently, the DI, bacterial diversity indices and metabolites were unaffected in obese dogs. Caloric restriction was not associated with a reduction of inflammatory markers or an improvement of the antioxidant status, while an increase of TT4 has been observed. Discussion In summary, the present results underline that canine obesity is associated with chronic inflammation. This study highlights that changes on fecal microbiota of obese dogs induced by the characteristics of the diet should be differentiated from those that are the consequence of the reduced energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Giuditta Vecchiato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,*Correspondence: Carla Giuditta Vecchiato, ✉
| | - Stefania Golinelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Pinna
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Camila Peres Rubio
- Department of Animal and Food Science, School of Veterinary Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Dorato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Costanza Delsante
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Stefanelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Elena Pagani
- Monge & C. S.p.A., Monasterolo di Savigliano, Italy
| | - Federico Fracassi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Biagi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Physiotherapeutic Strategies and Their Current Evidence for Canine Osteoarthritis. Vet Sci 2022; 10:vetsci10010002. [PMID: 36669003 PMCID: PMC9863568 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and debilitating condition in domestic dogs. Alongside pharmaceutical interventions and weight loss, exercise and physiotherapy (PT) are important measures in maintaining patient mobility and quality of life. Physiotherapy for OA aims to reduce pain, optimize muscular function and maintain joint function. Physiotherapeutic plans typically include PT exercises combined with therapeutic modalities, lifestyle and environmental modifications to improve the patient's overall quality of life and function. Information on therapeutic clinical efficacy of physiotherapeutic measures for canine OA is still very limited. Thus, physiotherapeutic strategies are still primarily based on evidence extrapolated from human protocols tailored to people with OA. The authors propose a simple systematic PT approach for canine OA, prioritizing measures according to simplicity, cost effectiveness and practicality. This guide (the "Physiotherapy Pyramid") aims to provide a clear stratified approach to simplify decision making and planning for owners, veterinarians and veterinary physiotherapists, leading to more straightforward design and implementation of treatment plans. Measures are implemented starting at the base of the pyramid, subsequently progressing to the top, allowing effective and practical interventions to be prioritized. The levels of the pyramid are in ascending order: environmental modification, exercise plan, OA-specific home exercises and treatment by a veterinary physiotherapist.
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Seo K, Cho HW, Chun JL, So KM, Kim KH. Body Weight Development in Adult Dogs Fed a High Level Resistant Starch Diet. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:3440. [PMID: 36496962 PMCID: PMC9737651 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of Dodamssal rice, which has a high content of resistant starch, on obesity and hematologic properties in dogs. In Experiment 1, 24 spayed dogs were divided into three feeding groups: normal-fat basal diet (control), high-fat diet with 12% normal amylose type rice (hNAR), and high-fat diet with 12% high amylose type rice (Dodamssal rice; hHAR). In Experiment 2, 8 spayed dogs were assigned to a normal amylose type rice (NAR) group and a high amylose type rice group (HAR) with a normal-fat basal diet. After 24 weeks, an increase in weight and blood cholesterol was observed in both high-fat diet groups for Experiment 1. Specifically, an increase in serum alanine aminotransferase was observed over time in the hNAR group compared with that of the control; however, no such patterns were present in the hHAR group. Further, a significant weight-loss effect was observed in the HAR group in Experiment 2 at 4 weeks. The effect on body weight was due to the reduced digestibility of amylose and thereby lower dietary ME content. Overall, this confirmed that Dodamssal rice had a positive effect on weight loss in dogs, and these results suggest that Dodamssal rice has potential value as a raw ingredient for preventing obesity in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangmin Seo
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Cho
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Lan Chun
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Min So
- Division of Animal Disease and Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
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Marchi PH, Vendramini THA, Perini MP, Zafalon RVA, Amaral AR, Ochamotto VA, Da Silveira JC, Dagli MLZ, Brunetto MA. Obesity, inflammation, and cancer in dogs: Review and perspectives. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1004122. [PMID: 36262532 PMCID: PMC9573962 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1004122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the most common nutritional disease in dogs, and its prevalence has increased in recent decades. Several countries have demonstrated a prevalence of obesity in dogs similar to that observed in humans. Chronic low-grade inflammation is a prominent basis used to explain how obesity results in numerous negative health consequences. This is well known and understood, and recent studies have pointed to the association between obesity and predisposition to specific types of cancers and their complications. Such elucidations are important because, like obesity, the prevalence of cancer in dogs has increased in recent decades, establishing cancer as a significant cause of death for these animals. In the same way, intensive advances in technology in the field of human and veterinary medicine (which even proposes the use of animal models) have optimized existing therapeutic methods, led to the development of innovative treatments, and shortened the time to diagnosis of cancer. Despite the great challenges, this review aims to highlight the evidence obtained to date on the association between obesity, inflammation, and cancer in dogs, and the possible pathophysiological mechanisms that link obesity and carcinogenesis. The potential to control cancer in animals using existing knowledge is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H. Marchi
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Thiago H. A. Vendramini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Mariana P. Perini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Rafael V. A. Zafalon
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Andressa R. Amaral
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa A. Ochamotto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Juliano C. Da Silveira
- Laboratory of Molecular, Morphophysiology and Development (LMMD), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Maria L. Z. Dagli
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Oncology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio A. Brunetto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil,Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Marcio A. Brunetto
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da Silva Nunes PC, Mazzarella R, da Silveira JC, Dellova DCAL. Evaluation of circulating extracellular vesicles and miRNA in neutered and obese female dogs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16439. [PMID: 36180561 PMCID: PMC9525304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a metabolic and endocrine organ, and its adipocytes can synthesize and secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), thus allowing intercellular communication. EVs are nanoparticles that transport lipids, proteins, metabolites, and nucleic acids (mRNA and microRNAs). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. miR-132, miR-26b, and miR-155 are associated with obesity, lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the enriched EVs fraction containing miRNAs (miR-132, miR-26b, and miR-155) in serum from obese female dogs. Thirty-two neutered females in good general condition were recruited, including 21 obese and 11 healthy controls. The initial evaluation of the females included a general physical examination and laboratory tests. Small EVs (sEVs) were isolated from whole blood by serial centrifugation and ultracentrifugation, and nanoparticle analysis was used to determine the size and concentration of serum sEVs. miRNAs were extracted from sEVs enriched fraction and analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Obese female dogs with hypertriglyceridemia showed an increase in the sEVs concentration and in the expression of miR-132 and miR-26b in sEVs enriched fraction. No changes were observed in the group of obese female dogs with normal serum biochemical profile and in relation to miR-155 expression. These results suggest that obese female dogs with hypertriglyceridemia may present alterations in sEVs and in the expression of miRNAs related to lipid metabolism and adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Caroline da Silva Nunes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Rosane Mazzarella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Juliano Coelho da Silveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Deise Carla Almeida Leite Dellova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil.
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Olivindo RFG, Zafalon RVA, Teixeira FA, Vendramini THA, Pedrinelli V, Brunetto MA. Evaluation of the nutrients supplied by veterinary diets commercialized in Brazil for obese dogs undergoing a weight loss program. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 106:355-367. [PMID: 35112401 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
During a weight loss program, energy restriction is performed, which can result in nutrient intake below the minimum recommendations if a proper diet is not offered. A common recommendation for dogs undergoing energy restriction is to use a veterinary diet formulated for the management of obesity to potentially reduce the likelihood of nutritional deficiencies. The objective of this study was to perform bromatological and essential mineral analysis in veterinary diets for the management of canine obesity available in the Brazilian market and to analyse whether these diets provide the recommended amount of nutrients per kg of metabolic body weight (kg BW0.75 ) for animals undergoing energy restriction. Samples of all veterinary diets for the management of canine obesity available in the Brazilian pet food market were analysed (n = 8). The nutrient supply per kg BW0.75 was calculated and compared with the NRC recommended allowance and FEDIAF recommendations by descriptive statistics. For this purpose, the weight loss energy requirement equations of 70 kcal/target body weight0.75 and 63 kcal/target body weight0.75 were used, in which target body weight corresponds to 10%-40% of the initial body weight according to the body condition score. The manufacturers' intake recommendations were also evaluated and compared to the NRC and FEDIAF recommendations. Almost all of the diets (n = 7/8) had at least one nutrient below the NRC and FEDIAF recommendations when target weight of minus 10%, 20% or 30% was considered, and all diets had at least one nutrient deficiency when the target weight was minus 40%. When the energy intake was restricted a further 10%, all diets had at least one nutrient below recommendations at the minus 30% target weight. The nutrients for which the recommendations were not met were as follows: calcium, magnesium, potassium, selenium, sodium, protein and fat. When compared to the manufacturers' recommendations, nutrient deficiencies were observed in all of the diets when compared to the NRC and in 7/8 when compared to FEDIAF, and all diets had at least one deficiency when compared to both NRC and FEDIAF after an extra 10% calorie restriction. It was concluded that the majority of veterinary diets formulated for weight loss/obesity management in Brazil did not meet all the recommendations of the analysed nutrients, which reinforces that diets for weight loss should be used according to veterinary prescription and should ideally be prescribed by nutrition specialists that can better understand the limitations of the diet's composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo F G Olivindo
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael V A Zafalon
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Alves Teixeira
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vivian Pedrinelli
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Antonio Brunetto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hwang SY, An JH, Kim KB, Lee JH, Park SM, Oh YI, Chae HK, Youn HY. Gene expression of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of obese dogs. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:517-523. [PMID: 35044092 PMCID: PMC8959286 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have been identified as a possible marker of inflammation in obesity. Understanding the expression of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in PBMCs in obese dogs will help control obesity‐related inflammatory diseases. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of PBMCs in obesity‐associated chronic inflammation by analyzing the expression of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines. Methods Blood samples were obtained from 25 subjects and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction determinations were performed to quantify the gene expression levels of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines, including TNF‐α, IL‐17, leptin, MCP‐1, and adiponectin, in the PBMCs. Results The results showed that the gene expression levels of TNF‐α (p < 0.001), IL‐17 (p < 0.0001), and leptin (p < 0.0001) were strongly upregulated in the PBMCs of obese dogs compared to that in non‐obese dogs. Conclusions The changes in gene expression levels of inflammation‐related adipokines and pro‐inflammatory cytokines occur in PBMCs, which may contribute to the low‐grade chronic inflammation that is present in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Young Hwang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun An
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bo Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Min Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-In Oh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Kyu Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Youn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Vendramini THA, Gomes Olivindo RF, Zafalon RVA, Rentas MF, Zanini LD, Amaral AR, Pedrinelli V, de Oliveira VV, Risolia LW, Teixeira FA, Brunetto MA. Profile qualitative variables on the dynamics of weight loss programs in dogs. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261946. [PMID: 35020762 PMCID: PMC8754318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder in dogs and it is associated with many comorbidities. Some obesity risk factors have already been established, however, the evaluation of the effect of different individual variables on weight loss induced by calorie restriction, although very important, is still poorly explored. The weight loss protocol can be updated and improved by more precise and adjusted equations throughout the weight loss program in the clinical routine practice. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze weight loss program dynamics in groups according to reproductive status, age, body size, and breed, as well as to define more accurately the amount of calories per target metabolic weight throughout the program. Data of 1,053 cases, presented between 2012 and 2019 at the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 77 obese dogs (body condition scores 8/9 or 9/9) of different ages, breeds, sizes, and reproductive status were selected. These dogs did not have any concomitant illnesses and successfully completed the weight loss program. Statistical analysis was performed and values of p≤0.05 were considered significant. The proposed weight loss program was based on an energy restriction protocol where daily energy intake (in kcal) was estimated as 70 kcal × target weight0.75. The target weight (TW) was defined as 80% of the animal's current weight. The average calorie intake for weight loss (calories x target weight0.75) was lower for spayed females (62.36), differing from intact males (66.14) and neutered males (65.41), while intact females (63.66) showed intermediate values without differing between groups (p = 0.015). There were no differences between weight loss calories according to age (p = 0.473) or body size (p = 0.084), allowing the use of the same mathematical equation for intact and neutered dogs; for dogs older than 1 year and of different body sizes. Regarding the breed, the average calorie intake was lower (p = 0.002) in mixed breed dogs (61.54xTW0.75) when compared to obesity-prone purebred dogs (64.17xTW0.75) and other purebreds (65.27xTW0.75). It was concluded that spayed females and mixed breed dogs have greater difficulty in losing weight, that is, they need fewer calories per metabolic body weight for the weight loss program to succeed. A more accurate equation for energy requirement for weight loss can improve chances of success, therefore improving compliance and helping clinical management of obesity in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Fernando Gomes Olivindo
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Vessecchi Amorim Zafalon
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fragoso Rentas
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Lucca Denuci Zanini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Andressa Rodrigues Amaral
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Pedrinelli
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Vasques de Oliveira
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Wünsche Risolia
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Fabio Alves Teixeira
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio Antonio Brunetto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Vieira AB, Restrepo MA, Auzenne D, Molina K, O'Sullivan M, Machado MV, Cavanaugh SM. Mild to moderate overweight in dogs: is there an impact on routine hematological and biochemical profiles, echocardiographic parameters and cardiac autonomic modulation? Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:527-535. [PMID: 35018593 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is considered the most common nutritional disease of dogs. Even though overt obesity is more likely to impair health, even moderately overweight dogs are at greater risk for requiring medication for chronic health problems earlier in life. Although the number of overweight dogs far exceeds the number of obese ones, most of the studies published so far focused on derangements in a mixed overweight/obese population (Body condition score - BCS ≥7/9) rather than in separated groups. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of mild to moderate obesity on routine hematological and biochemical profile and cardiovascular parameters in dogs. Nine healthy lean (BCS =4-5/9) and 24 overweight dogs (BCS = 6-7/9) were enrolled. Complete blood count, serum biochemistry analyses, echocardiographic parameters, and cardiac autonomic function by heart rate variability (HRV) were determined. In our study population, although total protein, globulin and phosphorus concentrations were increased in overweight compared to lean dogs, all complete blood count and biochemical parameters were within reference ranges for both groups. Parameters usually increased in obese dogs, like triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations, were within reference ranges in our overweight population. There were no significant changes in echocardiographic parameters, but HRV had a significant decrease in high frequency (HF) power (P = 0.02), suggesting a depression in parasympathetic activity. Our findings show that mild to moderate overweight dogs do not show the hematological and echocardiographic alterations already reported for mixed overweight/obese populations but might have impaired cardiac autonomic modulation. Although not enough to make conclusions, our data raise the question of whether research studies should place overweight and obese dogs in the same category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Bomfim Vieira
- Biomedical Department, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine (RUSVM), West Farm, PO Box 334, Basseterre, West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis.
| | - Mariana Alvarez Restrepo
- Biomedical Department, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine (RUSVM), West Farm, PO Box 334, Basseterre, West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Danielle Auzenne
- Biomedical Department, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine (RUSVM), West Farm, PO Box 334, Basseterre, West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Kevin Molina
- Biomedical Department, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine (RUSVM), West Farm, PO Box 334, Basseterre, West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Meghan O'Sullivan
- Biomedical Department, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine (RUSVM), West Farm, PO Box 334, Basseterre, West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Marcus Vinicius Machado
- Biomedical Department, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine (RUSVM), West Farm, PO Box 334, Basseterre, West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Sarah Marie Cavanaugh
- Biomedical Department, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine (RUSVM), West Farm, PO Box 334, Basseterre, West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis
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12
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Macedo HT, Rentas MF, Vendramini THA, Macegoza MV, Amaral AR, Jeremias JT, de Carvalho Balieiro JC, Pfrimer K, Ferriolli E, Pontieri CFF, Brunetto MA. Weight-loss in obese dogs promotes important shifts in fecal microbiota profile to the extent of resembling microbiota of lean dogs. Anim Microbiome 2022; 4:6. [PMID: 34991726 PMCID: PMC8740440 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the undesirable changes associated with obesity, one possibility recently raised is dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. Studies have shown changes in microbiota in obese rats and humans, but there are still few studies that characterize and compare the fecal microbiota of lean, obese and dogs after weight loss. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of a weight loss program (WLP) in fecal microbiota of dogs in addition to comparing them with those of lean dogs. Twenty female dogs of different breeds, aged between 1 and 9 years were selected. They were equally divided into two groups: Obese group (OG), with body condition score (BCS) 8 or 9/9, and body fat percentage greater than 30%, determined by the deuterium isotope dilution method, and lean group (LG) with BCS 5/9, and maximum body fat of 15%. Weight loss group (WLG) was composed by OG after loss of 20% of their current body weight. Fecal samples were collected from the three experimental groups. Total DNA was extracted from the feces and these were sequenced by the Illumina methodology. The observed abundances were evaluated using a generalized linear model, considering binomial distribution and using the logit link function in SAS (p < 0.05). RESULTS The WLP modulated the microorganisms of the gastrointestinal tract, so that, WLG and LG had microbial composition with greater biodiversity than OG, and intestinal uniformity of the microbiota (Pielou's evenness index) was higher in OG than WLG dogs (P = 0.0493) and LG (P = 0.0101). In addition, WLG had values of relative frequency more similar to LG than to OG. CONCLUSION The fecal microbiota of the studied groups differs from each other. The weight loss program can help to reverse the changes observed in obese dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Tobaro Macedo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), Duque de Caxias Norte Ave, 255, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fragoso Rentas
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), Duque de Caxias Norte Ave, 255, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), Duque de Caxias Norte Ave, 255, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Vinicius Macegoza
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), Duque de Caxias Norte Ave, 255, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Andressa Rodrigues Amaral
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), Duque de Caxias Norte Ave, 255, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Toloi Jeremias
- Nutritional Development Center (CDN), Grandfood Indústria E Comércio LTDA (Premier Pet), Luiz Augusto de Oliveira Hwy, Km 204, Dourado, São Paulo, 13590-000, Brazil
| | - Júlio César de Carvalho Balieiro
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), Duque de Caxias Norte Ave, 255, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Karina Pfrimer
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Bandeirantes Ave, 3900 - Campus da USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ferriolli
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Bandeirantes Ave, 3900 - Campus da USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Ferreira Fonseca Pontieri
- Nutritional Development Center (CDN), Grandfood Indústria E Comércio LTDA (Premier Pet), Luiz Augusto de Oliveira Hwy, Km 204, Dourado, São Paulo, 13590-000, Brazil
| | - Marcio Antonio Brunetto
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN Pet), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), Duque de Caxias Norte Ave, 255, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil.
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13
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Effects of Obesity on Adiponectin System Skin Expression in Dogs: A Comparative Study. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082308. [PMID: 34438765 PMCID: PMC8388499 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Adipokines are biologically active molecules with hormonal action, produced mainly by white adipose tissue and related to the individual’s nutritional status. Adiponectin with its receptors (ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2) intervenes in the control of energy metabolism, as well as in the regulation of peripheral tissue functions. Adiponectin has a primary role in the skin in both physiological and pathological conditions, in addition, this molecule is greatly affected by nutritional status, and its serum level is lowered in the obese. In this work, the adiponectin system was evaluated in the skin of obese dogs along with adiponectin serum levels. Results were compared to normal weight dogs to evidence modifications in the obesity condition. Obesity is a widespread phenomenon in dogs, with a growing trend, as well, in humans; this condition may interfere with the local functionality of tissues, including the skin. The evaluation performed evidenced that adiponectin and ADIPOR2 skin expression is negatively correlated with the serum adiponectin level and accordingly with obesity. These findings evidence that the adiponectin system changes in the skin of obese dogs; this study also explores the role of adipokines in skin biology. Abstract Obesity is an important health issue in dogs since it influences a plethora of associated pathologies, including dermatological disorders. Considering the scarcity of information in pets, this work aimed to evaluate the localization and expression of adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and its two receptors (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2) in the skin of 10 obese dogs, compared with serum ADIPOQ level. Through immunohistochemistry, ADIPOQ and ADIPOR2 were observed in the adipose tissue, sweat and sebaceous glands, endothelium, and some connective cells. Both receptors were observed in the epidermis and the hair follicles, other than in the sweat and sebaceous glands. Real-time PCR evidenced that the ADIPOQ and ADIPOR2 transcripts were expressed 5.4-fold (p < 0.01) and 2.3-fold less (p < 0.01), respectively, in obese than in normal weight dogs, while ADIPOR1 expression did not change. Obese dogs showed lower serum ADIPOQ levels than the normal weight group. Accordingly, ADIPOQ and ADIPOR2 expression in the skin appear negatively correlated with obesity in the same way as the serum ADIPOQ level. These findings evidence that ADIPOQ system changes in the skin of obese dogs and suggest that the ADIPOQ effect on the skin is at least in part regulated by the reduced expression of ADIPOR2.
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14
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Yamazaki J, Meagawa S, Jelinek J, Yokoyama S, Nagata N, Yuki M, Takiguchi M. Obese status is associated with accelerated DNA methylation change in peripheral blood of senior dogs. Res Vet Sci 2021; 139:193-199. [PMID: 34358922 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its associated comorbidities constitute a major and growing health problem worldwide not only involved with people but also dogs and cats. Although few genetic mutations have been associated with obesity in dogs, molecular mechanism remains to be clearly understood. Given the fact that DNA methylation leads to gene expression variability and has plasticity affected by metabolic phenotypes such as obesity in human, the objective of this study is to identify obesity-associated differentially methylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) dinucleotide sites in dogs. With genome-wide DNA methylation analysis using next-generation sequencing for blood samples from fourteen Miniature dachshunds with body condition score (BCS) 4-5 and BCS ≥6, over 100,000 sites could be analysed to identify genomic locations of differentially methylated CpG sites. As a result, 191 differentially methylated CpG sites (89 CpG sites were hypermethylated in BCS ≥6 and 102 were hypermethylated in BCS 4-5) were identified. These sites included promoter regions of Kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R) and Calcyphosine 2 (CAPS2) genes which were subsequently validated by bisulfite-pyrosequencing for another set of 157 dog blood samples. KISS1R methylation levels were found to be higher in BCS ≥6 group than BCS 4-5 in senior (>84 months) dogs. Especially male dogs but not female dogs as well as uncastrated male dogs but not castrated male dogs showed this trend. DNA methylation of KISS1R gene will be useful for understanding of comprehensive epigenetic change in obese dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Yamazaki
- Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Japan.
| | - Shinji Meagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tx, USA
| | | | - Shoko Yokoyama
- Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagata
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Masashi Yuki
- Yuki Animal Hospital, 2-99 Kiba-cho, Minato-ku, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
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15
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Maranesi M, Di Loria A, Dall’Aglio C, Piantedosi D, Lepri E, Ciaramella P, Mercati F. Leptin System in Obese Dog Skin: A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122338. [PMID: 33316917 PMCID: PMC7764193 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Obesity is a widespread phenomenon in pets and its growing trend is similar to the human one. It can be associated with skin pathologies but there is little information on this field in domestic animals. Since in obesity adipokine plasmatic levels changes, in this study leptin (LEP) system was evaluated in the skin of obese dogs to observe changes in peripheral tissue. LEP is a hormone produced mainly by the adipose tissue and its serum level may reflect body mass index and BCS. LEP is also expressed in the skin and it has a prominent role in the biology of this tissue promoting cell proliferation and regulating the wound healing process. Investigation performed in obese and normal-weight dogs evidenced LEP and leptin receptor (LEPR) immunostaining in several skin structures. As LEP expression regards, differences were non-significant, while the LEPR transcripts appeared 10 fold higher in obesedogs. No differences were observed in the composition of skin associated immune system. The obese group-increased LEPR expression suggests that the receptor modulates the system control. The LEP system changes in the skin under obesity conditions however, the exact role of LEP in obese dog skin needs further insights. Abstract Obesity predisposes to several health problems including skin diseases. However, information on the relationship between obesity and skin disorders in pets is very scarce. Leptin (LEP) is mainly produced by adipose tissue and has a prominent role in skin biology. This study evaluated the LEP system in the skin of obese dogs compared to normal-weight animals. The investigation was carried out on 10 obese (Obese group) and 10 normal-weight (Normal-weight group) dogs through Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Cells of skin associated immune system were also evaluated. No differences were evidenced between the two groups as well as skin inflammation. LEP differences were no significant, while LEPR transcript appeared 10-fold higher in obesedogs than in normal-weight ones. Immunostaining for both molecules was observed in several skin structures such as the epidermis, hair follicles, and glands. No differences appeared in the skin associated immune system composition. This study is a preliminary report showing that LEP system changes in obese dog skin. The increased LEPR expression observed in the obese group suggests that the receptor plays a modulating role in the system control. However, the exact role of LEPin the skin under obesity conditions needs further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Maranesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Antonio Di Loria
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University Federico II of Napoli, via F. Delpino 1, 080137 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.L.); (D.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Cecilia Dall’Aglio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (E.L.); Tel.: +39-075-585-7633 (C.D.); +39-075-585-7733 (E.L.)
| | - Diego Piantedosi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University Federico II of Napoli, via F. Delpino 1, 080137 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.L.); (D.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Elvio Lepri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (E.L.); Tel.: +39-075-585-7633 (C.D.); +39-075-585-7733 (E.L.)
| | - Paolo Ciaramella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University Federico II of Napoli, via F. Delpino 1, 080137 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.L.); (D.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Francesca Mercati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (F.M.)
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16
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Devito FC, Patricio GCF, Flôr PB, Vendramini THA, Amaral AR, Pfrimer K, Brunetto MA, Cortopassi SRG. Comparative study of anaesthesia induction in obese dogs using propofol dosages based on lean body weight or total body weight. Vet Anim Sci 2020; 10:100131. [PMID: 32734031 PMCID: PMC7386691 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2020.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the dosages for anesthesia induction in obese dogs using propofol based on lean body weight or total body weight. For this purpose, seven dogs with ideal body condition score (BCS) (BCS 4-5; 17.3 ± 2.5% fat mass) were included in the control group (CG), seven obese dogs (BCS 8-9; 45.7 ± 2.9% fat mass) in the total body weight group (TBWG) and seven obese dogs (BCS 8-9; 42.8 ± 6.3% fat mass) in the lean body weight group (LBWG). Anaesthesia was induced by a constant rate infusion of propofol at 150 mg kg-1 hour-1 through a propofol infusion pump until the loss of consciousness; the animals in CG and TBWG received a propofol infusion based on total body weight; the animals in LBWG received a propofol infusion based on lean body mass (in kg) determined by the deuterium dilution method. The results were compared between the groups using the Tukey test (p < 0.05). The propofol dosage used was 11.4 ± 3.2 mg kg-1, 8.0± 2.0 mg kg-1 and 14.1 ± 4.7 mg kg-1 in groups CG, TBWG and LBWG, respectively, and they were different among all groups (p < 0.001). There was also a statistical difference in the time between the start of propofol infusion and loss of consciousness in which LBWG took longer than CG and TBWG (p = 0.004). This study shows that obese dogs require lower dosages of propofol when inducing anesthesia than ideal BCS dogs anesthetized with dosages based on total body weight, when the propofol dosages are calculated on the basis of muscle mass it should be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Corrêa Devito
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Geni Cristina Fonseca Patricio
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bonifácio Flôr
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Andressa Rodrigues Amaral
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Karina Pfrimer
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Marcio Antonio Brunetto
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Silvia Renata Gaido Cortopassi
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
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17
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Vendramini THA, Macedo HT, Amaral AR, Rentas MF, Macegoza MV, Zafalon RVA, Pedrinelli V, Mesquita LG, de Carvalho Balieiro JC, Pfrimer K, Pedreira RS, Nowosh V, Pontieri CFF, Massoco CDO, Brunetto MA. Gene expression of the immunoinflammatory and immunological status of obese dogs before and after weight loss. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238638. [PMID: 32966299 PMCID: PMC7510989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by a low degree of chronic inflammation state that, along with metabolic modifications, promotes important changes in the animal's organism. Adipose tissue actively participates in inflammation and immunity, and several defense cells of the organism may, therefore, be involved in the diversity found between obese and ideal weight individuals. Studies regarding this subject have shown immune cell changes in humans and rats, however, the literature is scarce in relation to dogs. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the gene expression profile of immunoinflammatory response and the lymphoproliferation of obese dogs before and after weight loss. Eight female dogs, neutered, of different breeds, aged between 1 and 8 years (4.74±3.19), obese, with body condition score (BCS) of 9 out of a 9-point scale and body composition determined by the deuterium isotope dilution method were included. The obese dogs were enrolled in a weight loss program and after losing 20% of their initial weight became a second experimental group. A third experimental group consisted of eight female dogs, neutered, aged between 1 and 8 years (3.11±0.78) and with ideal BCS (5 out of a 9-point scale). Gene expression of immunoinflammatory cytokines (resistin, leptin, adiponectin, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) was assessed by qRT-PCR and immunity was assessed by lymphoproliferative response using the flow cytometry technique. The data that presented normal distribution was evaluated by analysis of variance by the PROC MIXED of the SAS and when differences were detected, these were compared by the Tukey test. Regarding the gene expression data, the procedure PROC GLIMMIX was adopted and the methodology of generalized linear model was used, in which the Gama distribution proved to be adequate. Values of p<0.05 were considered significant. The mean weight loss period of the animals included in the study was 194.25 ± 28.31 days and the mean weekly weight loss rate was 1.02 ± 0.82%. The average fat mass, both in percentage (P<0.001) and in kilograms (P = 0.012), was higher in the obese group (40.88%; 8.91kg), returning to normal and without difference between the control group (19.16%; 3.01kg) and after weight loss (22.10%; 4.11kg). The weight loss program resulted in an increase in percentage of lean body mass (P = 0.001), 55.50% in obese animals vs 77.90% in obese dogs after weight loss, the latter with no difference when compared to the control group (80.84%). The obese group presented increased gene expression of resistin and IL-8 in relation to the weight loss group (P = 0.002). In adiponectin, the obese group presented increased mRNA gene expression when compared to the weight loss group (P = 0.003). The evaluation of lymphocyte proliferation showed differences between the group of obese animals before and after weight loss (P = 0.004). Weight loss resulted in an increase in the lymphoproliferation rate (18.48%) compared to obese dogs at the beginning of the study (10.71%). These results indicate that weight loss modulates the immunoinflammatory response of obese dogs and may present important benefits to health and longevity of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Tobaro Macedo
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Rodrigues Amaral
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Teaching Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fragoso Rentas
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Vinícius Macegoza
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Vessecchi Amorim Zafalon
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Pedrinelli
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Teaching Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lígia Garcia Mesquita
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júlio César de Carvalho Balieiro
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Pfrimer
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo—USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Victor Nowosh
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo–USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina de Oliveira Massoco
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo–USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Antonio Brunetto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Teaching Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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18
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Pongkan W, Jitnapakarn W, Phetnoi W, Punyapornwithaya V, Boonyapakorn C. Obesity-Induced Heart Rate Variability Impairment and Decreased Systolic Function in Obese Male Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081383. [PMID: 32785083 PMCID: PMC7460129 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Obesity in dogs can induce many adverse health effects including musculoskeletal problems, respiratory distress, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. In humans with obesity, heart rate variability (HRV) is used to identify and predict the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, this predictive tool has never been used in veterinary medicine, and the relationship between obesity and HRV has rarely been investigated. In this study, we investigated HRV, plasma oxidative stress (MDA), and cardiac function in obese male dogs. We hypothesized that obese male dogs have decreased cardiac function and impaired HRV compared to non-obese dogs. Our study found that obese dogs have decreased cardiac systolic function and impaired HRV, as indicated by reduced percentages of cardiac contraction and impaired cardiac autonomic activity compared to non-obese dogs. We concluded that obesity can decrease systolic function and cause HRV impairment, which might increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in dogs. In addition, HRV might be used as a predictive or prognostic tool in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in obese dogs. Abstract Obesity can induce cardiovascular diseases in both humans and animals. Heart rate variability (HRV) is an indicator of sympathovagal balance and is used to identify cardiovascular diseases in humans. However, HRV and cardiac function have rarely been investigated in obese dogs. This study investigated the effect of obesity on oxidative stress, HRV, and cardiac function in obese and non-obese dogs. The nine-scale body condition score (BCS) system was used to determine obesity. Thirty small breed dogs were divided into a normal weight group (n = 15) and an obese group (n = 15). All dogs underwent physical examination, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) measurement, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and two hours of Holter monitoring. This study found that obese dogs had increased plasma MDA and sympathovagal imbalance, which was indicated by impaired time and frequency domains compared to normal weight dogs. Although cardiac function was within normal limits, the echocardiographic study found that the obese dogs had reduced cardiac wall thickness and lower systolic function, as indicated by a reduction in %ejection fraction, %fractional shortening, increased left ventricular (LV) internal diameter during systole, and LV end-systolic volume compared to normal weight dogs. This study concluded that obesity in dogs can induce increased plasma oxidative stress, impaired HRV, and reduced cardiac systolic function compared to non-obese dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpitak Pongkan
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (W.P.); (W.J.); (W.P.)
- Integrative Research Center for Veterinary Circulatory Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Veterinary Cardiopulmonary Clinic, Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Wannida Jitnapakarn
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (W.P.); (W.J.); (W.P.)
| | - Warunee Phetnoi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (W.P.); (W.J.); (W.P.)
| | - Veerasak Punyapornwithaya
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Chavalit Boonyapakorn
- Integrative Research Center for Veterinary Circulatory Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Veterinary Cardiopulmonary Clinic, Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-53-948-015
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19
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Piantedosi D, Palatucci AT, Giovazzino A, Ruggiero G, Rubino V, Musco N, Carriero F, Farina F, Attia YAEW, Terrazzano G, Lombardi P, Cortese L. Effect of a Weight Loss Program on Biochemical and Immunological Profile, Serum Leptin Levels, and Cardiovascular Parameters in Obese Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:398. [PMID: 32851001 PMCID: PMC7424025 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a weight loss program (WLP) on biochemical and immunological profile, and cardiovascular parameters in a cohort of dogs with naturally occurring obesity. Eleven obese dogs [body condition scoring (BCS), ≥7/9] were enrolled into the study and underwent clinical and cardiovascular examination, and blood testing before (T0) and after 6 months (T1) of WLP. Eleven normal weight (BCS, 4/5) healthy dogs were used as a control (CTR) group. Compared to the CTR group, at T0 obese dogs expressed higher serum leptin concentrations (p < 0.0005) that significantly decreased after weight loss (p < 0.005) but remained higher than the CTR group. Furthermore, obese dogs showed considerably lower levels (p < 0.0005) of regulatory T cell (Treg) compared to the CTR group, but they did not change after weight loss at T1. In obese dogs, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations were substantially reduced at T1 (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.005). Regarding the cardiovascular parameters, only one obese dog was hypertensive at T0, and systolic blood pressure values showed no significant differences at the end of the WLP. The ratio of interventricular septal thickness in diastole to left ventricle internal diameter in diastole (IVSd/LVIDd) was significantly greater in obese dogs at T0 than in the CTR group (p < 0.005). It decreased after weight loss (p < 0.05). In obese dogs, troponin I level significantly reduced with weight loss (p < 0.05), while endothelin-1 level did not differ statistically. The results suggest that the immune dysregulation in the presence of high leptin levels and reduced number of Treg could affect obese dogs as well as humans. Based on our findings, we may speculate that a more complete immune-regulation restore could be obtained by a greater reduction in fat mass and a longer-term WLP. Finally, left ventricular remodeling may occur in some obese dogs. However, in canine species, further studies are needed to investigate the impact of obesity and related WLP on cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Piantedosi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Angela Giovazzino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Ruggiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Rubino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Musco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Carriero
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Youssef Abd El Wahab Attia
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giuseppe Terrazzano
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Cortese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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20
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Torrente C, Manzanilla EG, Bosch L, Villaverde C, Pastor J, Ruiz de Gopegui R, Tvarijonaviciute A. Adiponectin as a sepsis biomarker in dogs: Diagnostic and prognostic value. Vet Clin Pathol 2020; 49:333-344. [PMID: 32510619 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin (ADPN) is an adipocytokine with insulin-sensitizing, vascular-protective, and anti-inflammatory properties for which concentration changes occur in response to inflammation. Little is known about the regulation of ADPN and the impact of this adipocytokine in septic dogs. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of ADPN vs other traditional acute-phase proteins (APPs), such as albumin (ALB), haptoglobin (HPT), fibrinogen (FBG), ferritin (FRT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in dogs with naturally acquired sepsis. METHODS This prospective observational study included 20 dogs with sepsis, 27 with low-grade systemic inflammation (LGSI), and 18 clinically healthy dogs as controls. For method analyses, plasma samples were obtained from all dogs on admission and then every 24-48 hours until discharge or death in the septic group. RESULTS Septic dogs had lower ADPN (2.4 ± 0.46 vs 4.5 ± 0.41mg/L, P < .001) dand ALB (17 ± 1 vs 22 ± 0.8g/L, P = .002), and tended to have higher CRP (87 ± 4.8 vs 73 ± 4.1mg/L, P < .079) concentrations than dogs with LGSI on admission. Only ADPN and ALB were able to successfully discriminate animals with LGSI from those presenting with sepsis with areas under the curve (AUCs) for the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of 0.811 and 0.789, respectively. In the septic group, ADPN concentration did not differ between survivors and non-survivors, either on admission or at discharge or death. CONCLUSIONS Although plasma ADPN can be used as a reliable negative APP in dogs with sepsis, further studies are warranted to confirm the usefulness of this biomarker in terms of disease progression and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Torrente
- Servei d'Emergències i Cures Intensives, Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edgar G Manzanilla
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research Center, Moorepark, Cork and School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luis Bosch
- Servei d'Emergències i Cures Intensives, Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Josep Pastor
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Ruiz de Gopegui
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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21
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Chen X, Wang S, Huang Y, Zhao X, Jia X, Meng G, Zheng Q, Zhang M, Wu Y, Wang L. Obesity Reshapes Visceral Fat-Derived MHC I Associated-Immunopeptidomes and Generates Antigenic Peptides to Drive CD8 + T Cell Responses. iScience 2020; 23:100977. [PMID: 32217358 PMCID: PMC7109454 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive CD8+ T cells were observed to contribute to the initiation and progression of obesity-induced visceral adipose tissue (VAT) chronic inflammation that is critically linked to metabolic disorders. Numerous peptides presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules at the cell surface are collectively termed as MHC I-associated immunopeptidome (MIP) for the interaction with CD8+ T cells. We conducted the in-depth mapping of MIP of VAT from lean and obese mice using large-scale high-resolution mass spectrometry and observed that obesity significantly alters the landscape of VAT MIPs. Additionally, the obese VAT-exclusive MIP source proteome reflected a distinct obesity-associated signature. A peptide derived from lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) or B chain, named LDHA237-244, was identified as an obese VAT-exclusive immunogenic peptide that was capable of eliciting pro-inflammatory CD8+ T cells responses. Our findings suggest that certain immunogenic peptides generated by obesity may trigger CD8+ T cell-mediated VAT inflammation. Obesity reshapes the landscape of VAT-derived MIP The obese VAT-exclusive MIP reflects an obesity-associated signature An obese VAT-exclusive peptide LDHA237-244 can stimulate CD8+ T cell responses LDHA237-244-reactive CD8+ T cells were present in obese mice but not lean mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shufeng Wang
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Bioinformatics Center, Department of Microbiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xu Jia
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Physiology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637007, China
| | - Gang Meng
- Department of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Department of Physiology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637007, China
| | - Mengjun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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22
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Lee S, Kweon OK, Kim WH. Relationship of serum leptin concentration with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and cholestatic disease in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:601-606. [PMID: 31276206 PMCID: PMC6852161 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure serum leptin concentration in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and varying degrees of cholestatic disease and determine whether serum levels differed between dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and those with gall bladder mucocoele. MATERIALS AND METHODS Client-owned healthy dogs (n=20), dogs diagnosed with gall bladder mucocoele (n=20) and dogs diagnosed with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (n=60) were enrolled. Only dogs of normal body condition score were included. Dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism were divided into three groups according to the severity of cholestatic disease: normal gall bladder (n=20), cholestasis (n=20) and gall bladder mucocoele (n=20). Serum leptin levels were measured using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Serum concentrations of leptin were similar between dogs with gall bladder mucocoele and those with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism accompanied by gall bladder mucocoele; these concentrations were significantly higher than those in healthy control dogs. In dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism, circulating leptin concentration significantly increased with the severity of cholestasis: higher in the cholestasis group than the normal gall bladder group and higher in the gall bladder mucocoele group than the cholestasis group. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Elevated circulating leptin concentration was associated with canine pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and gall bladder mucocoele. Homeostatic imbalance of leptin concentration might be associated with severity of cholestatic disease in pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - O-K Kweon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - W H Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
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23
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Cortese L, Terrazzano G, Pelagalli A. Leptin and Immunological Profile in Obesity and Its Associated Diseases in Dogs. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2392. [PMID: 31091785 PMCID: PMC6566566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing scientific evidence has unveiled increased incidences of obesity in domestic animals and its influence on a plethora of associated disorders. Leptin, an adipokine regulating body fat mass, represents a key molecule in obesity, able to modulate immune responses and foster chronic inflammatory response in peripheral tissues. High levels of cytokines and inflammatory markers suggest an association between inflammatory state and obesity in dogs, highlighting the parallelism with humans. Canine obesity is a relevant disease always accompanied with several health conditions such as inflammation, immune-dysregulation, insulin resistance, pancreatitis, orthopaedic disorders, cardiovascular disease, and neoplasia. However, leptin involvement in many disease processes in veterinary medicine is poorly understood. Moreover, hyperleptinemia as well as leptin resistance occur with cardiac dysfunction as a consequence of altered cardiac mitochondrial metabolism in obese dogs. Similarly, leptin dysregulation seems to be involved in the pancreatitis pathophysiology. This review aims to examine literature concerning leptin and immunological status in obese dogs, in particular for the aspects related to obesity-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cortese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Terrazzano
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Pelagalli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy.
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24
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Lucena S, Varela Coelho A, Anjo SI, Manadas B, Mrljak V, Capela E Silva F, Lamy E, Tvarijonaviciute A. Comparative proteomic analysis of saliva from dogs with and without obesity-related metabolic dysfuntion. J Proteomics 2019; 201:65-72. [PMID: 30991157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dogs develop only some of the components of the human metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thus, in order to study possible MetS-related alterations in dogs, human MetS criteria were adapted to define canine MetS or so-called obesity-related metabolic dysfunction (ORMD). The main objective of this study was to identify changes in the salivary proteome of obese dogs with ORMD in comparison with obese dogs without ORMD which may constitute potential salivary biomarkers for assessing ORMD. In a first phase, 12 adult obese dogs with ORMD (N = 6) and without ORMD (N = 6) were included in the study. Subsequently, and with the aim of validating and strengthening the results, additional 12 obese dogs (6 with and 6 without ORMD) were tested in an independent experiment following the same protocol. Saliva samples were subjected to a quantitative proteomics analysis and the levels of nine salivary proteins were found to be significantly different between groups, among them those which had greatest fold-change were proteins involved in glycolysis and oxidative stress. In conclusion, despite metabolic syndrome to include different combinations of diseases, the observation of differences in salivary proteome suggests a potential of this fluid to understand the pathophysiology of the disease. SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first study evaluating proteomes of saliva in dogs, as a non invasive sample, in order to increase knowledge about the metabolic/physiopathological changes related to obesity-related metabolic dysfunction (ORMD) together with the identification of potential biomarkers for its diagnosis. As approximately 20% of dogs with naturally occurring obesity were described to suffer ORMD associated with insulin resistance and hypoadiponectinemia, the fact that indicate possible links between ORMD and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Lucena
- Institute of Agrarian and Environmental Environmental Sciences (ICAAM), University of Évora, Portugal; Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Portugal
| | - Ana Varela Coelho
- Institute of Chemical and Biological Technology (ITQB), New University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra I Anjo
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vladimir Mrljak
- Clinic for Internal Dieaases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fernando Capela E Silva
- Institute of Agrarian and Environmental Environmental Sciences (ICAAM), University of Évora, Portugal; Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Portugal
| | - Elsa Lamy
- Institute of Agrarian and Environmental Environmental Sciences (ICAAM), University of Évora, Portugal
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain.
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25
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Identification of changes in serum analytes and possible metabolic pathways associated with canine obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. Vet J 2018; 244:51-59. [PMID: 30825895 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to identify analytes that could change and that could help to clarify the metabolic and physiopathological changes related to canine obesity-related metabolic dysfunction (ORMD). For this, serum from 35 overweight/obese dogs, with and without ORMD, was submitted to a comprehensive panel of biochemistry analysis, a gel-free tandem mass tag isobaric label-based proteomic analysis, and, finally, selected proteins were used as a starting point for creating a protein interaction network. Dogs with ORMD showed significantly higher serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Ca, total proteins, albumin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity in comparison with dogs without ORMD. Proteomic analysis revealed that 23 proteins related to lipid metabolism, the complement factor system, cellular adhesion and functionality, inflammation, and coagulation were altered in dogs with ORMD. Finally, the obtained protein interaction network highlighted that the central term of this network was the negative regulation of the immune response. These data suggest that canine ORMD is associated with changes in analytes that reflect altered lipid metabolism, and liver and immune function impairment and suggests the potential for a prothrombotic state and lung function alterations.
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Acierno MJ, Brown S, Coleman AE, Jepson RE, Papich M, Stepien RL, Syme HM. ACVIM consensus statement: Guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:1803-1822. [PMID: 30353952 PMCID: PMC6271319 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An update to the 2007 American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) consensus statement on the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats was presented at the 2017 ACVIM Forum in National Harbor, MD. The updated consensus statement is presented here. The consensus statement aims to provide guidance on appropriate diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Acierno
- Department of Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, 5715 W. Utopia Rd, Glendale Arizona 85308
| | - Scott Brown
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Amanda E Coleman
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Rosanne E Jepson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Papich
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca L Stepien
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Harriet M Syme
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
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Circulating regulatory T cells (Treg), leptin and induction of proinflammatory activity in obese Labrador Retriever dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 202:122-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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28
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Sundararaghavan VL, Binepal S, Stec DE, Sindhwani P, Hinds TD. Bilirubin, a new therapeutic for kidney transplant? Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2018; 32:234-240. [PMID: 29983261 PMCID: PMC6535229 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In patients with end-stage renal disease, kidney transplantation has been associated with numerous benefits, including increased daily activity, and better survival rates. However, over 20% of kidney transplants result in rejection within five years. Rejection is primarily due to a hypersensitive immune system and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Bilirubin has been shown to be a potent antioxidant that is capable of potentially reversing or preventing damage from reactive oxygen species generated from ischemia and reperfusion. Additionally, bilirubin has several immunomodulatory effects that can dampen the immune system to promote organ acceptance. Increased bilirubin has also been shown to have a positive impact on renal hemodynamics, which is critical post-transplantation. Lastly, bilirubin levels have been correlated with biomarkers of successful transplantation. In this review, we discuss a multitude of potentially beneficial effects that bilirubin has on kidney acceptance of transplantation based on numerous clinical trials and animal models. Exogenous bilirubin delivery or increasing endogenous levels pre- or post-transplantation may have therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram L Sundararaghavan
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplant, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Sivjot Binepal
- Internal Medicine Department, Kettering Medical Center, Kettering, OH 45429, USA
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Puneet Sindhwani
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplant, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplant, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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29
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Wei D, Zheng N, Zheng L, Wang L, Song L, Sun L. Shexiang Baoxin Pill Corrects Metabolic Disorders in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome by Targeting Mitochondria. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:137. [PMID: 29551973 PMCID: PMC5841394 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a global epidemic that has great socioeconomic and public health implications. This study reports observed effects of the Shexiang Baoxin Pill (SBP) in a rat model of MS and explores its underlying mechanisms of action. Methods: A diet-induced rat model of MS was established according to accepted methods, and the rats were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (0.9% NaCl, 100 mg/kg•d) and a SBP-treated group (SBP, 100 mg/kg•d). Systolic blood pressures, fasting blood glucose (FBS) levels, triglyceride (TG) levels, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, body weights, and abdominal perimeters were dynamically monitored and analyzed. Serum leptin, adiponectin, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 levels were measured by ELISA. Leptin, adiponectin, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 expression in adipose tissue, as well as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) expression in heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue was measured by western blot. Expression of the mitochondrial protein UCP2, Cytochrome b and ATPase was observed by immunofluorescent staining. Results: SBP significantly decreased serum TG, TC, LDL-C levels and increased HDL-C levels. SBP also optimized the leptin/adiponectin ratio by decreasing leptin expression and increasing adiponectin expression in adipose tissue. SBP antagonized inflammatory reactions by promoting IL-10 expression in adipose tissue while inhibiting TNF-α and IL-6 expression. SBP improved lipid metabolism by up-regulating the expression of AMPK and PGC-1α. Furthermore, SBP decreased the severity of MS and its complications by adjusting the expression of several mitochondrial proteins, including UCP2, Cytochrome b and ATPase. Conclusion: SBP exhibits prominent therapeutic effects in the setting of MS. Possible mechanisms of action may be related to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative characteristics, as well as its effects on improving lipid metabolism and protecting mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ningning Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lanyan Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Leting Wang
- Shanghai Hutchison Pharmaceuticals, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Luning Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Seage EC, Drobatz KJ, Hess RS. Spectrophotometry and Ultracentrifugation for Measurement of Plasma Lipids in Dogs with Diabetes Mellitus. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 32:93-98. [PMID: 29193277 PMCID: PMC5787174 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are conflicting reports of plasma lipoprotein lipid content in dogs with diabetes mellitus (DM). Objectives To determine lipoprotein lipid content of plasma of dogs with DM by spectrophotometry and ultracentrifugation; to compare lipoprotein lipid content in diabetic and healthy dogs; and to quantify apolipoprotein B‐100 (ApoB) in dogs with DM. Animals 22 dogs with DM and 9 healthy dogs. Methods Cross‐sectional study. Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) concentrations were measured by spectrophotometry. Very low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL‐C) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) concentrations were calculated after ultracentrifugation. Non‐HDL‐C cholesterol was calculated by subtracting HDL‐C from TC. ApoB was quantified by ELISA. The Mann‐Whitney test was used for comparison of median lipoprotein concentrations, and Spearman's correlation was used to assess associations between ApoB and lipoprotein fractions. Results All values are reported in mg/dL. Median TG (122), TC (343.5), HDL‐C, (200), VLDL‐C, (27) LDL‐C (68), non‐HDL‐C (114), and ApoB (320) were significantly higher in dogs with DM, compared to healthy dogs (57, 197, 168, 12, 16, 31, and 258, respectively, P‐values 0.0079, <0.001, 0.029, 0.011, <0.001, <0.001, 0.025, respectively). A significant association was found between ApoB and LDL‐C (Spearman's rho = 0.41, P = 0.022) and between ApoB and non‐HDL‐C (Spearman's rho = 0.40, P = 0.027). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Dyslipidemia of dogs with DM is characterized by pronounced increases in LDL‐C and non‐HDL‐C concentrations, although all lipoprotein fractions are significantly increased. Knowledge of specific lipoprotein fraction alterations in dogs with DM can enhance treatment options for diabetic dyslipidemia in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Seage
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - K J Drobatz
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - R S Hess
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Lee S, Kweon OK, Kim WH. Associations between serum leptin levels, hyperlipidemia, and cholelithiasis in dogs. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187315. [PMID: 29088261 PMCID: PMC5663492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin and its receptor play several physiological roles in the canine gallbladder, and the dysregulation of leptin might play a role in the pathogenesis of gallbladder diseases such as gallbladder mucocele. Previous studies revealed a positive association between hyperlipidemia and gallstones in humans. However, the latter is still unclear in dogs with cholelithiasis. In this study, we examined the differences in leptin, leptin receptor, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels between healthy dogs and dogs with cholelithiasis, and evaluated the correlation between leptin and hyperlipidemia. Twenty-eight healthy dogs and 34 client-owned dogs with cholelithiasis were enrolled in the study. Leptin concentrations and lipid profiles were determined from sera, and leptin and leptin receptor expression levels were quantified in gallbladder tissue. In dogs with cholelithiasis, serum concentrations of leptin (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p < 0.001), and triglycerides (p < 0.001) were significantly higher compared with those in healthy dogs. Positive correlations were observed between serum leptin and total cholesterol (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.61–0.89, r = 0.725, p < 0.001), and between leptin and triglycerides (95% CI = 0.63–0.89, r = 0.782, p < 0.001) in the cholelithiasis group. Hypercholesterolemia (Odds Ratio (OR) = 9.720; 95% CI = 1.148–82.318) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 12.913; 95% CI = 1.548–107.722) were shown to be risk factors for gallstone disease. In cholelithiasis patients who underwent cholecystectomy, serum leptin levels were significantly higher than in patients that had not undergone surgery (p < 0.001). Leptin and leptin receptor expression was upregulated in the gallbladder tissues of cholelithiasis patients (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). These results indicate that increased serum leptin concentrations and hyperlipidemia (hypercholesterolemia or hypertriglyceridemia) are associated with canine cholelithiasis and that homeostatic imbalance of these parameters might affect the pathogenesis of gallstones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungin Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-kyeong Kweon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Hee Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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