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Gupta A, Roy AM. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Survival Outcomes of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Receiving Immunotherapy. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2024; 22:102104. [PMID: 38834500 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2024.102104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have significantly improved survival outcomes of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, ethnic and racial minorities are often underrepresented in ICI clinical trials, leading to limited knowledge about ICI-specific survival outcomes for mRCC across different racial and ethnic groups. We investigated the impact of race and ethnicity on the ICI-specific survival outcomes of mRCC. MATERIALS We used The National Cancer Database (NCDB) to retrieve the data of 4858 mRCC patients diagnosed from 2014 to 2019 and receiving ICI-based regimens. We then compared survival outcomes using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Log-rank test. We analyzed the data using univariate and multivariable Cox regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity index, treatment centers, and grade. RESULTS White and Asian patients had significantly longer median overall survival (mOS) than African American (AA) patients (23.2 [95% CI 21.6, 24.7; P = .001] and 22.2 [95% CI 16.4, 55.1; P = .047] vs. 14.8 [95% CI 11.9, 19.2] months, respectively). After adjustment, White patients had significantly longer median OS (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.71 [95% CI 0.58, 0.84]; P = .001). There was no significant difference in the mOS between Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients (P = .39). CONCLUSION Black race is an independent predictor of ICI-related survival in mRCC patients, independent of sociodemographics, clinicopathological, and treatment-related factors. Future research is required to understand the underlying reasons for these disparities, including potential genetic or biological differences and social and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Gupta
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Arya Mariam Roy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
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Cano Garcia C, Nimer N, Piccinelli ML, Tappero S, Panunzio A, Barletta F, Incesu RB, Tian Z, Saad F, Kapoor A, Briganti A, Terrone C, Shariat SF, Tilki D, Antonelli A, De Cobelli O, Kluth LA, Becker A, Chun FKH, Karakiewicz PI. Differences in overall survival between clear cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients versus population-based controls according to race/ethnicity in the United States. Ann Epidemiol 2023; 79:65-70. [PMID: 36640918 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify differences in five-year overall survival (OS) between clear cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma (ccmRCC) patients and age- and sex-matched population-based controls, especially when race/ethnicity is considered. METHODS We relied on the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database (2006-2016) to identify newly diagnosed (2006- 2011) ccmRCC patients of either Caucasian, Hispanic, African American, or Asian/Pacific Islander race/ethnicity. For each case, we simulated an age- and sex-matched control (Monte Carlo simulation), relying on Social Security Administration Life Tables with five-year follow-up. We compared OS between ccmRCC patients and controls. Multivariable Cox regression models tested for race/ethnicity effect on OS. RESULTS Of 3067 ccmRCC patients, 2167 (71%) were Caucasians vs. 488 (16%) Hispanics vs. 216 (7%) African Americans and 196 (6%) Asians/Pacific Islanders. At five years, OS difference between ccmRCC patients vs. population-based controls was greatest in African Americans (11 vs. 94%, Δ = 84%), followed by Hispanics (16 vs. 94%, Δ = 77%), Caucasians (16 vs. 89%, Δ = 73%) and Asians/Pacific Islanders (19 vs. 88%, Δ = 70%). In multivariable Cox regression models, African Americans exhibited highest Hazard Ratio for death (HR 1.3, p= 0.003). CONCLUSION Relative to Life Tables' derived age- and sex-matched controls, ccmRCC patients exhibit drastically worse OS, especially African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cano Garcia
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Urology, Germany.
| | - Nancy Nimer
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mattia Luca Piccinelli
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Tappero
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Urology, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Integrated Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Panunzio
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Urology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona
| | - Francesco Barletta
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Reha-Baris Incesu
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zhe Tian
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fred Saad
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Division of Urology, McMaster Institute of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Terrone
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Integrated Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Hourani Center of Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Derya Tilki
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Urology, Koc University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Urology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona
| | - Ottavio De Cobelli
- Department of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luis A Kluth
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Urology, Germany
| | - Andreas Becker
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Urology, Germany
| | - Felix K H Chun
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Urology, Germany
| | - Pierre I Karakiewicz
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Kase AM, George DJ, Ramalingam S. Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: From Biology to Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030665. [PMID: 36765622 PMCID: PMC9913203 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of kidney cancers are detected incidentally and typically diagnosed at a localized stage, however, the development of regional or distant disease occurs in one-third of patients. Over 90% of kidney tumors are renal cell carcinomas, of which, clear cell is the most predominate histologic subtype. Von Hippel Lindau (VHL) gene alterations result in the overexpression of growth factors that are central to the pathogenesis of clear cell carcinoma. The therapeutic strategies have revolved around this tumor suppressor gene and have led to the approval of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) axis. The treatment paradigm shifted with the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and programed death-1 (PD-1) inhibition, leading to durable response rates and improved survival. Combinations of TKI and/or ICIs have become the standard of care for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), changing the outlook for patients, with several new and promising therapeutic targets under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Kase
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Hematology Oncology, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-904-953-2315
| | - Daniel J. George
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sundhar Ramalingam
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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4
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An integrated pan-cancer analysis of identifying biomarkers about the EGR family genes in human carcinomas. Comput Biol Med 2022; 148:105889. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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The oncogenic role of treacle ribosome biogenesis factor 1 ( TCOF1) in human tumors: a pan-cancer analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:943-960. [PMID: 35093935 PMCID: PMC8833134 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Treacle ribosome biogenesis factor 1 (TCOF1) plays a crucial role in multiple processes, including ribosome biogenesis, DNA damage response (DDR), mitotic regulation, and telomere integrity. However, its role in cancers remains unclear. We aimed to visualize the expression, prognostic, and mutational landscapes of TCOF1 across cancers and to explore its association with immune infiltration. In this work, we integrated information from TCGA and GEO to explore the differential expression and prognostic value of TCOF1. Then, the mutational profiles of TCOF1 in cancers were investigated. We further determined the correlation between TCOF1 and immune cell infiltration levels. Additionally, we determined correlations among certain immune checkpoints, microsatellite instability, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and TCOF1. Potential pathways of TCOF1 in tumorigenesis were analyzed as well. In general, tumor tissue had a higher expression level of TCOF1 than normal tissue. The prognostic value of TCOF1 was multifaceted, depending on type of cancer. TCOF1 was correlated with tumor purity, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, B cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) in 6, 14, 16, 12, 20, 13, and 17 cancer types, respectively. TCOF1 might act on ATPase activity, microtubule binding, tubulin binding, and catalytic activity (on DNA), and participate in tumorigenesis through “cell cycle” and “cellular-senescence” pathways. TCOF1 could affect pan-cancer prognosis and was correlated with immune cell infiltration. “Cell cycle” and “cellular-senescence” pathways were involved in the functional mechanisms of TCOF1, a finding that awaits further experimental validation.
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Shee K, Pal SK, Wells JC, Ruiz-Morales JM, Russell K, Dudani S, Choueiri TK, Heng DY, Gore JL, Odisho AY. Interactive Data Visualization Tool for Patient-Centered Decision Making in Kidney Cancer. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2021; 5:912-920. [PMID: 34464153 DOI: 10.1200/cci.21.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients and providers often lack clinical decision tools to enable effective shared decision making. This is especially true in the rapidly changing therapeutic landscape of metastatic kidney cancer. Using the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) criteria, a validated risk prediction tool for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, we created and user-tested a novel interactive visualization for clinical use. METHODS An interactive visualization depicting IMDC criteria was created, with the final version including data for more than 4,500 patients. Usability testing was performed with nonmedical lay-users and medical oncology fellow physicians. Subjects used the tool to calculate median survival times based on IMDC criteria. User confidence was surveyed. An iterative user feedback implementation cycle was completed and informed revision of the tool. RESULTS The tool is available at CloViz-IMDC. Initially, 400 lay-users and 15 physicians completed clinical scenarios and surveys. Cumulative accuracy across scenarios was higher for physicians than lay-users (84% v 74%; P = .03). Eighty-three percent of lay-users and 87% of physicians thought the tool became intuitive with use. Sixty-eight percent of lay-users wanted to use the tool clinically compared with 87% of physicians. After revisions, the updated tool was user-tested with 100 lay-users and 15 physicians. Physicians, but not lay-users, showed significant improvement in accuracy in the updated version of the tool (90% v 67%; P = .008). Seventy-two percent of lay-users and 93% of physicians wanted to use the updated tool in a clinical setting. CONCLUSION A graphical method of interacting with a validated nomogram provides prognosis results that can be used by nonmedical lay-users and physicians, and has the potential for expanded use across many clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Shee
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sumanta K Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center Duarte, CA
| | - J Connor Wells
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Kenton Russell
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - Daniel Y Heng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - John L Gore
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Anobel Y Odisho
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Zhang Z, Liang C, Hou B, Zhou L. Population-based evaluation of the risk factors and prognosis among renal cell carcinoma patients with initially diagnosed lung metastases. Actas Urol Esp 2021; 45:498-506. [PMID: 34332926 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate risk factors and prognosis of lung metastases in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. METHODS 56,617 patients with RCC were selected from the SEER database. Based on univariate and multivariate logistic regression, the risk factors for developing lung metastases were derived. 2906 patients were initially diagnosed with lung metastases, and then were used to research the prognostic factors. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed for the prediction of cancer-specific mortality. RESULTS In total, 2906 RCC patients were initially diagnosed with lung metastases. The prevalence of lung metastases in RCC was approximately 5% with poor survival. Aging, male, other race (American Indian/AK native, Asian Pacific islander) uninsured status, bilateral tumor, collecting duct, higher T stage, local lymph node metastases, higher tumor grade, and evidence of other distant metastases were significantly associated with developing lung metastases at diagnosis. Age >70 years-old, black, female, bilateral tumor, T4 stage, higher tumor grade, local lymph node metastases, collecting duct, and evidence of bone, liver, or brain metastases were related to higher risk of mortality. Blacks and female have lower odds of developing lung metastases at the time of diagnosis both in crude and adjusted logistic regression. Meanwhile, blacks and female showed higher risk of mortality compared with whites and male in Cox regression analyses. CONCLUSION Several factors related to the development and prognosis of lung metastases were revealed, especially black people and female gender have lower risk of developing lung metastatic RCC at initial diagnosis but have higher risk of mortality. These may provide preventive guidelines for the screening and treatment of lung metastases in patients with renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - C Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - B Hou
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - L Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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8
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Zhang Z, Liang C, Hou B, Zhou L. Population-based evaluation of the risk factors and prognosis among renal cell carcinoma patients with initially diagnosed lung metastases. Actas Urol Esp 2021. [PMID: 33958221 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate risk factors and prognosis of lung metastases in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. METHODS 56, 617 patients with RCC were selected from the SEER database. Based on univariate and multivariate logistic regression, the risk factors for developing lung metastases were derived. 2, 906 patients were initially diagnosed with lung metastases, and then were used to research the prognostic factors. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed for the prediction of cancer-specific mortality. RESULTS In total, 2,906 RCC patients were initially diagnosed with lung metastases. The prevalence of lung metastases in RCC was approximately 5% with poor survival. Aging, male, other race (American Indian /AK native, Asian Pacific islander) uninsured status, bilateral tumor, collecting duct, higher T stage, local lymph node metastases, higher tumor grade, and evidence of other distant metastases were significantly associated with developing lung metastases at diagnosis. Age > 70 years-old, black, female, bilateral tumor, T4 stage, higher tumor grade, local lymph node metastases, collecting duct, and evidence of bone, liver, or brain metastases were related to higher risk of mortality. Blacks and female have lower odds of developing lung metastases at the time of diagnosis both in crude and adjusted logistic regression. Meanwhile, blacks and female showed higher risk of mortality compared with whites and male in Cox regression analyses. CONCLUSION Several factors related to the development and prognosis of lung metastases were revealed, especially black people and female gender have lower risk of developing lung metastatic RCC at initial diagnosis but have higher risk of mortality. These may provide preventive guidelines for the screening and treatment of lung metastases in patients with renal cell carcinoma.
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Yang X, Miao Y, Wang J, Mi D. A pan-cancer analysis of the HER family gene and their association with prognosis, tumor microenvironment, and therapeutic targets. Life Sci 2021; 273:119307. [PMID: 33691171 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family gene is involved in a wide range of biological functions in human cancers. Nevertheless, there is little research that comprehensively analysis the correlation between HER family members and prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME) in different cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on updated public databases and integrated several bioinformatics analysis methods, we evaluated expression level, prognostic values of HER family gene and explore the association between expression of HER family gene and TME, Stemness score, immune subtype, drug sensitivity in pan-cancer. KEY FINDINGS EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB3, and ERBB4 were higher expressed in four cancers, five cancers, ten cancers, and two cancers, respectively. HER family gene expression is related to the prognosis in several cancers from TCGA and has a significant correlation with stromal and immune scores in pan-cancer also has a significant correlation with RNA stemness score and DNA stemness score in pan-cancer. Expression level of HER family gene is associated with immune subtype in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. EGFR expression was negatively associated with drug sensitivity of Pipamperone, Tamoxifen, Bafetinib and positively related to drug sensitivity of Dasatinib and Staurosporine. ERBB2 expression was negatively related to drug sensitivity of Ifosfamide, Imexon, and Oxaliplatin. ERBB4 expression was positively related to drug sensitivity of E-7820. SIGNIFICANCE These findings may elucidate the roles played by HER family gene in cancer progression and providing insights for further investigation of the HER family gene as potential targets in pan-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Yandong Miao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China.
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Denghai Mi
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China; Gansu Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China.
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Ng KL, Taguchi YH. Identification of miRNA signatures for kidney renal clear cell carcinoma using the tensor-decomposition method. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15149. [PMID: 32938959 PMCID: PMC7494921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71997-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a highly complex disease caused by multiple genetic factors. MicroRNA (miRNA) and mRNA expression profiles are useful for identifying prognostic biomarkers for cancer. Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), which accounts for more than 70% of all renal malignant tumour cases, was selected for our analysis. Traditional methods of identifying cancer prognostic markers may not be accurate. Tensor decomposition (TD) is a useful method uncovering the underlying low-dimensional structures in the tensor. The TD-based unsupervised feature extraction method was applied to analyse mRNA and miRNA expression profiles. Biological annotations of the prognostic miRNAs and mRNAs were examined utilizing the pathway and oncogenic signature databases DIANA-miRPath and MSigDB. TD identified the miRNA signatures and the associated genes. These genes were found to be involved in cancer-related pathways, and 23 genes were significantly correlated with the survival of KIRC patients. We demonstrated that the results are robust and not highly dependent upon the databases we selected. Compared with traditional supervised methods tested, TD achieves much better performance in selecting prognostic miRNAs and mRNAs. These results suggest that integrated analysis using the TD-based unsupervised feature extraction technique is an effective strategy for identifying prognostic signatures in cancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Lok Ng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Y-H Taguchi
- Department of Physics, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga Bunky-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan.
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Carvalho FLF, Zheng C, Witmer K, O'neill J, Lynch JH, Kowalczyk KJ. Complications associated with perioperative use of tyrosine kinase inhibitor in cytoreductive nephrectomy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15272. [PMID: 31649310 PMCID: PMC6813342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical trials have investigated the benefit of combining tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Our goal is to determine whether the perioperative use of TKIs increases the postoperative morbidity following CN in renal cell carcinoma patients. We identified 627 patients with Stage IV renal cell carcinoma who underwent CN from 2007–2010 utilizing the SEER-Medicare database. Eighty-two patients treated with TKIs were matched (3:1) to 246 controls. We calculated 30- and 90-day incidence rates of postoperative complications and mortality. On unadjusted analysis, TKI use prior to CN was associated with higher overall complication rate within 30 days (HR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.09–6.8) after surgery. On multivariate analysis, perioperative TKI use was independently associated with higher risk for postoperative complications within 30 days (HR = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.17–7.36), as well as 90 days (HR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.02–3.32) after nephrectomy. A higher Charlson comorbidity index also emerged to represent an independent risk factor for postoperative complications within 30 days (HR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.44–4.02) and 90 days (HR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.51–3.29) after nephrectomy. TKI treatment was not associated with an increased postoperative mortality at 30 and 90 days after surgery. Thus, TKI treatment was associated with an increased complication rate but not overall mortality following CN. Our results suggest that renal surgeons should be aware of possibly increased complications following CN in renal cell carcinoma patients, when TKI treatment is administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe L F Carvalho
- Department of Urology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Chaoyi Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kenneth Witmer
- Department of Urology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John O'neill
- Department of Urology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John H Lynch
- Department of Urology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Keith J Kowalczyk
- Department of Urology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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Oncologic Outcomes in Young Adults With Kidney Cancer Treated During the Targeted Therapy Era. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2019; 18:e134-e144. [PMID: 31980410 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine the outcomes of young adults with kidney cancer treated during the targeted therapy era and evaluate the impact of young age on survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the records from 445 patients younger than 55 years with kidney cancer at a single institution from 2006 to 2017. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine the impact of clinical and pathologic variables on all-cause mortality. RESULTS Overall, 104 (23%) patients 40 years or younger were compared with 341 (77%) patients who were 41 to 55 years old. Younger patients presented with more advanced stages of the disease, including metastasis at diagnosis, positive lymph nodes, venous tumor thrombus and had more non-clear cell tumors (54% vs. 30%; P < .001). Young adults had significantly worse OS at 2 and 5 years (67% vs. 82% and 53% vs. 69%, respectively). Younger patients with metastatic disease received targeted agents less often compared with the older group (64% vs. 75%). There was no difference in recurrence-free survival across patients with localized disease. Independent prognostic factors associated with increased mortality were metastasis at diagnosis, pT2 or greater, and age younger than 40 years (hazard ratio, 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.6; P = .03). CONCLUSION Patients younger than 40 years with kidney tumors treated during the targeted therapy era have worse OS compared with older adults. Young age is an independent predictor of mortality.
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13
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Huang Z, Du Y, Zhang X, Liu H, Liu S, Xu T. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma bone metastasis: What should be considered in prognostic evaluation. Eur J Surg Oncol 2019; 45:1246-1252. [PMID: 30760414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2019.01.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Knowledge of clear cell renal cell carcinoma bone metastasis (ccRCC-BM) remains scarce. This study depicts clinical, pathological and outcome features of the disease and provides suggestions to establish prognosis prediction system more appropriate for ccRCC-BM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with ccRCC-BM had clinical, pathological data collected. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used for outcome profiles. Prognostic risks were evaluated using MSKCC/Motzer score. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to investigate association between clinical, pathological features and prognosis. RESULTS In the series containing 106 ccRCC-BM patients with 4:1 male predominance, 44.3% of them had synchronous bone metastasis and 28.3% had multi-organ metastasis. Axial bone was prone to bone metastasis and the incidence of severe skeletal-related events was 54.7%. Curative bone lesion resection was performed in 70.7% patients. The median overall survival (mOS) time was 45 months for all and 32 months for those in unfavorable risk stratification. Shorter time to bone metastasis (TTBM) [OR 1.019, 95% CI (1.007, 1.031)], elderly age [OR 1.040, 95% CI (1.001, 1.080)], concomitant multi-organ metastasis [OR 3.883, 95% CI (1.375, 10.967)] and carbonic anhydrase (CA)-IX expression loss [OR 58.824, 95% CI (2.653, 1000)] were associated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSION The outcome of ccRCC-BM remained poor in unfavorable risk stratification. Bone lesion resection accompanied by systematic therapy for selected patient could improve prognosis. Shorter TTBM, elderly age, concomitant multi-organ metastasis and the expression loss of CA-IX along with gender-bias, feasibility for surgical treatment are suggested to be incorporated in modified ccRCC-BM-specific prognosis prediction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiong Huang
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yiqing Du
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Huixin Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Shijun Liu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Davaro F, Schaefer J, May A, Raza SJ, Siddiqui S, Hamilton Z. The current treatment patterns of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A national cancer database review, 2004–2015. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415818821226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Our objective was to analyze patterns of treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) (no treatment (NT), cytoreductive nephrectomy only (CN), systemic therapy only (ST), and both systemic and cytoreductive (ST+CN)), and correlate them with racial or socioeconomic factors. Materials and Methods: Cases of mRCC from 2004–2015 were selected from the National Cancer Database. Our primary outcome was the temporal trend of treatment types. Secondary outcomes included the association of treatment with racial and socioeconomic factors. Logistical regression was performed. Results: In total, 40,372 patients with mRCC were identified. Treatment modalities included 37.0% NT, 13.9% CN only, 31.6% ST only and 17.5% ST+CN. From 2004–2015, NT decreased (53.4 vs. 32.1%, p < 0.001), CN alone decreased (18.1 vs. 12.1%, p < 0.001), ST alone increased (18.1 vs. 36.7%, p < 0.001) and ST+CN increased (10.3 vs. 19.1%, p < 0.001). On logistical regression, we found non-white races (odds ratio 1.29–1.73, p < 0.001), low-volume centers (hazard ratio (HR) 1.18, p < 0.001), no insurance (HR 2.29, p < 0.001) and low income (HR 1.24, p < 0.001) increased the likelihood of receiving NT. Conclusion: More patients are receiving ST and ST+CN; however, racial and socioeconomic factors may affect the treatment patterns for mRCC, and the underlying cause of these health disparities is unknown. Level of Evidence: 2c6
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Allison May
- Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University, USA
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15
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Marchioni M, Harmouch SS, Nazzani S, Bandini M, Preisser F, Tian Z, Kapoor A, Cindolo L, Briganti A, Shariat SF, Schips L, Karakiewicz PI. Effect of African-American race on cancer specific mortality differs according to clear cell vs. non-clear cell histologic subtype in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol 2018; 54:112-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Macleod LC, Odisho AY, Tykodi SS, Holt SK, Harper JD, Gore JL. Comparative Effectiveness of Initial Surgery vs Initial Systemic Therapy for Metastatic Kidney Cancer in the Targeted Therapy Era: Analysis of a Population-based Cohort. Urology 2018; 113:146-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Abel EJ, Masterson TA, Karam JA, Master VA, Margulis V, Hutchinson R, Lorentz CA, Bloom E, Bauman TM, Wood CG, Blute ML. Predictive Nomogram for Recurrence following Surgery for Nonmetastatic Renal Cell Cancer with Tumor Thrombus. J Urol 2017; 198:810-816. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2017.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Jason Abel
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Timothy A. Masterson
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jose A. Karam
- Department of Urology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Viraj A. Master
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Vitaly Margulis
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ryan Hutchinson
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - C. Adam Lorentz
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Evan Bloom
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Tyler M. Bauman
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Christopher G. Wood
- Department of Urology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael L. Blute
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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18
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Survival of metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients continues to improve over time, even in targeted therapy era. Int Urol Nephrol 2017; 49:2143-2149. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-017-1703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Zhang X, Wang C, Li H, Niu X, Liu X, Pei D, Guo X, Xu X, Li Y. miR-338-3p inhibits the invasion of renal cell carcinoma by downregulation of ALK5. Oncotarget 2017; 8:64106-64113. [PMID: 28969055 PMCID: PMC5609987 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current study aims to elucidate the role of miRNA-338-3p (miR-338-3p) in the invasion of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression of miR-338-3p in human RCC cell lines with high metastatic potential (Caki-1) and low metastatic potential (786-O), respectively. The Caki-1 and 786-O cells were transfected with miR-338-3p mimic or inhibitor. Wound healing assay, Transwell assay and western blotting were performed to analyze the invasive ability and expression of activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) in the RCC cell lines. During the 36-month follow-up, we detected the expressions of miR-338-3p and ALK5 in 22 RCC cases with metastasis and 60 cases achieving a remission. Results miR-339-3p was significantly downregulated in the Caki-1 cells as compared with the 786-O cells. The transfection with miR-338-3p inhibitor caused an increased invasive ability of both two cell lines. However, the transfection with miR-338-3p mimic caused a reduction of the invasiveness. In RCC cells, the expression of ALK5 was negatively correlated to miR-338-3p. Upregulation of ALK5 partially counteracted the miR-338-3p-induced invasiveness of RCC cells. We subsequently found the negative correlations between miR-338-3p and metastasis/ALK5 expression could be also observed in human RCC tissues. Conclusion Taken together, these results indicate that miR-338-3p acts as a novel tumor suppressor to inhibit the invasion of RCC by regulating ALK5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaobin Niu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Dongxu Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaolan Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaona Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Yongwei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
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Chandrasekar T, Klaassen Z, Goldberg H, Kulkarni GS, Hamilton RJ, Fleshner NE. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Patterns and predictors of metastases-A contemporary population-based series. Urol Oncol 2017; 35:661.e7-661.e14. [PMID: 28728748 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the patterns and predictors of metastatic disease in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) at the time of diagnosis in a contemporary series. METHODS The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was queried for all patients with kidney RCC from 2010 to 2013 (N = 50,815). Distribution and predictors of distant metastases at diagnosis were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression hazard analyses were performed to determine covariates associated with the likelihood of having metastases at diagnosis, whereas competing risks regression analysis was used to assess predictors of cancer-specific mortality (CSM) in patients with metastatic disease. RESULTS Lung (7.73%) and bone (5.17%) metastases were the most common. The strongest predictors of metastatic disease were disease-specific factors, such as clinical T-stage (cT4 vs. cT1; odds ratio = 43.08; P<0.01) and higher Fuhrman grade (FG4 vs. FG1; odds ratio = 5.09; P<0.01). Papillary RCC and chromophobe RCC were associated with localized disease at the time of diagnosis. For CSM, the presence of brain and liver metastases were associated with worse CSM than lung or bone metastases. Although patient factors did not contribute to the presence of metastases at diagnosis, lower socioeconomic status and being widowed/divorced predicted worse CSM. CONCLUSION Understanding the distribution of distant metastases and associated CSM is important to counseling patients with newly diagnosed metastatic RCC. Although pathologic factors drive the presence of metastases at diagnosis, health care deficits in treatment remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thenappan Chandrasekar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Urologic Oncology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Zachary Klaassen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Urologic Oncology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hanan Goldberg
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Urologic Oncology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Girish S Kulkarni
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Urologic Oncology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert J Hamilton
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Urologic Oncology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Urologic Oncology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Shen J, Chen Z, Zhuang Q, Fan M, Ding T, Lu H, He X. Prognostic Value of Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166482. [PMID: 27861542 PMCID: PMC5115746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, many studies have shown that the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level is related to the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We launched this meta-analysis to assess the prognostic value of serum LDH in patients with RCC. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for information on serum LDH and the outcome of RCC through June 14, 2016. The hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were extracted and integrated from the matching studies. RESULTS A total of 29 studies including 6629 patients with RCC were incorporated in this meta-analysis. Patients whose serum LDH levels were elevated had a lower OS (HR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.69-2.69, P < 0.001). Meanwhile, the pooled data showed that a higher serum LDH level was a negative prognostic factor for PFS (HR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.48-2.04, P < 0.001). Furthermore, subgroup analyses indicated elevated serum LDH was associated with poor survival in different tumor types. Elevated serum LDH was significantly associated with worse prognosis for patients with all stages of RCC (OS, HR = 2.41, 95% CI = 1.09-5.33), metastatic RCC (OS, HR = 2.62, 95% CI 1.57-2.59; CSS, HR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.49-2.15), and non-metastatic RCC (OS, HR = 3.67, CI = 1.33-10.13). Besides, elevated serum LDH also indicated a worse prognosis in subgroups of cut-off values, analysis types and ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that serum LDH levels are associated with the outcomes of RCC and can be used as a valuable biomarker for monitoring prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qianfeng Zhuang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Fan
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Ding
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaozhou He
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail:
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22
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Olson D, Bhalla S, Yang X, Martone B, Kuzel TM. Novel Use of Targeted Therapy via PARP-Inhibition in a Rare Form of Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2016; 14:e445-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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Wallis CJD, Satkunasivam R. Author Reply. Urology 2016; 95:102. [PMID: 27372245 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2016.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J D Wallis
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raj Satkunasivam
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Rose TL, Deal AM, Krishnan B, Nielsen ME, Smith AB, Kim WY, Milowsky MI. Racial disparities in survival among patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma in the targeted therapy era. Cancer 2016; 122:2988-95. [PMID: 27341404 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically, African American (AA) patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have had inferior survival compared with Caucasian patients. Recent studies suggest that the survival disparity between races may be worsening since the advent of targeted therapies for RCC. In this study, survival rates among AA and Caucasian patients with advanced RCC are examined over time to determine whether a disparity in survival persists in the targeted therapy era. METHODS The authors identified patients with stage IV RCC in the National Cancer Data Base and compared survival between AA and Caucasian patients during the periods before (1998-2004) and after (2006-2011) the advent of targeted therapy. RESULTS In total, 48,846 patients were identified, and 10% were AA. Three-year survival among both AA and Caucasian patients improved between the 2 periods (P < .01 for both), with no interaction observed between race and improved survival over time (P = .15). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for death among AAs compared with Caucasians was 1.13 (95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.19) in the post-targeted therapy era, which was unchanged from the pretargeted therapy era (adjusted HR, 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.15). The adjusted HR was similar when the analysis was restricted to those who received systemic therapy. CONCLUSIONS Both AA and Caucasian patients with advanced RCC have had a significant improvement in survival since the advent of targeted therapy. However, AA patients maintain a survival disadvantage compared with Caucasians independent of treatment received, potentially related to unmeasured comorbidities, disease burden, or tumor biology. Cancer 2016;122:2988-2995. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Rose
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Allison M Deal
- Biostatistics and Clinical Data Management Core, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Bhavani Krishnan
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Matthew E Nielsen
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Urologic Oncology Program, Department of Urology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Angela B Smith
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Urologic Oncology Program, Department of Urology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - William Y Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Matthew I Milowsky
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. .,University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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Wallis CJD, Bjarnason G, Byrne J, Cheung DC, Hoffman A, Kulkarni GS, Nathens AB, Nam RK, Satkunasivam R. Morbidity and Mortality of Radical Nephrectomy for Patients With Disseminated Cancer: An Analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database. Urology 2016; 95:95-102. [PMID: 27292566 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2016.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of disseminated cancer on perioperative outcomes following radical nephrectomy. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing radical nephrectomy for kidney cancer from 2005 to 2014 using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, a multi-institutional prospective registry that captures perioperative surgical complications. Patients were stratified according to the presence (n = 657) or absence (n = 7143) of disseminated cancer at the time of surgery. We examined major complications (death, reoperation, cardiac event, or neurologic event) within 30 days of surgery. Secondary outcomes included pulmonary, infectious, venous thromboembolic, and bleeding complications; prolonged length of stay; and concomitant procedures (bowel, liver, spleen, pancreas, and vascular procedures). Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated using multivariate logical regression models. RESULTS Patients with disseminated cancer were older and more likely to be male, have greater comorbidities, and have undergone open surgery. Major complications were more common among patients with disseminated cancer (7.8%) than those without disseminated cancer (3.2%; aOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.46-2.86). Mortality was significantly higher in patients with disseminated cancer (3.2%) than those without disseminated cancer (0.5%; P < .0001). Pulmonary (aOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.09-2.59), thromboembolic (aOR 1.72, 95% CI 1.01-2.96), and bleeding complications (aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.73-2.60) were more common among patients with disseminated cancer as was prolonged length of stay (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.06-1.53). CONCLUSION Nephrectomy in patients with disseminated cancer is a morbid operation with significant perioperative mortality. These data may be used for preoperative counseling of patients undergoing cytoreductive nephrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J D Wallis
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Georg Bjarnason
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Byrne
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas C Cheung
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Azik Hoffman
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Girish S Kulkarni
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital and University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Avery B Nathens
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert K Nam
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raj Satkunasivam
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Parker WP, Cheville JC, Frank I, Zaid HB, Lohse CM, Boorjian SA, Leibovich BC, Thompson RH. Application of the Stage, Size, Grade, and Necrosis (SSIGN) Score for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma in Contemporary Patients. Eur Urol 2016; 71:665-673. [PMID: 27287995 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor stage, size, grade, and necrosis (SSIGN) score was originally defined using patients treated with radical nephrectomy (RN) between 1970 and 1998 for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), excluding patients treated with partial nephrectomy (PN). OBJECTIVE To characterize the original SSIGN score cohort with longer follow-up and evaluate a contemporary series of patients treated with RN and PN. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective single-institution review of 3600 consecutive surgically treated ccRCC patients grouped into three cohorts: original RN, contemporary (1999-2010) RN, and contemporary PN. INTERVENTION RN or PN. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The association of the SSIGN score with risk of death from RCC was assessed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model, and predictive ability was summarized with a C-index. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS The SSIGN scores differed significantly between the original RN, contemporary RN, and contemporary PN cohorts (p<0.001), with SSIGN ≥4 in 53.5%, 62.7%, and 4.7%, respectively (p<0.001). The median durations of follow-up for these groups were 20.1, 9.2, and 7.6 yr, respectively. Each increase in the SSIGN score was predictive of death from RCC (hazard ratios [HRs]: 1.41 for original RN, 1.37 for contemporary RN, and 1.70 for contemporary PN; all p<0.001). The C-indexes for these models were 0.82, 0.84, and 0.82 for original RN, contemporary RN, and contemporary PN, respectively. After accounting for an era-specific improvement in survival among RN patients (HR: 0.53 for contemporary vs original RN; p<0.001), the SSIGN score remained predictive of death from RCC (HR: 1.40; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The SSIGN score remains a useful prediction tool for patients undergoing RN with 20-yr follow-up. When applied to contemporary RN and PN patients, the score retained strong predictive ability. These results should assist in patient counseling and help guide surveillance for ccRCC patients treated with RN or PN. PATIENT SUMMARY We evaluated the validity of a previously described tool to predict survival following surgery in contemporary patients with kidney cancer. We found that this tool remains valid even when extended to patients significantly different than were initially used to create the tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Igor Frank
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Harras B Zaid
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christine M Lohse
- Department of Health Services Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Fash DM, Peer CJ, Li Z, Talisman IJ, Hayavi S, Sulzmaier FJ, Ramos JW, Sourbier C, Neckers L, Figg WD, Beutler JA, Chain WJ. Synthesis of a stable and orally bioavailable englerin analogue. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2641-4. [PMID: 27107948 PMCID: PMC4862412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of analogues of englerin A with a reduced propensity for hydrolysis of the glycolate moiety led to a compound which possessed the renal cancer cell selectivity of the parent and was orally bioavailable in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Fash
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Cody J Peer
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Zhenwu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Ian J Talisman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Sima Hayavi
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Florian J Sulzmaier
- The University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Joe W Ramos
- The University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Carole Sourbier
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Leonard Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - W Douglas Figg
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - John A Beutler
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States.
| | - William J Chain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States; The University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
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Yu N, Fu S, Liu Y, Xu Z, Liu Y, Hao J, Wang B, Zhang A. miR-96 suppresses renal cell carcinoma invasion via downregulation of Ezrin expression. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2015; 34:107. [PMID: 26419932 PMCID: PMC4588898 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study examined the role of microRNA (miR)-96 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) invasion. METHODS The expression of miR-96 was detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in human RCC cell lines with high (Caki-1) and low (786-O) metastatic potential. Invasive ability and Ezrin expression were assessed in Caki-1 and 786-O cells transfected with a miR-96 mimic or inhibitor using wound healing assays, Transwell assays and western blotting. Expression of miR-96 and Ezrin was also examined in primary RCC samples from 17 patients with metastatic disease and 46 patients who maintained remission during a follow-up period of 37 months. RESULTS miR-96 expression was significantly lower in Caki-1compared to786-O cells. The invasive ability of Caki-1 and 786-O cells increased following transfection of cells with miR-96 inhibitor, whereas it decreased following transfection with miR-96 mimic. Ezrin levels were negatively correlated with miR-96 in RCC, and inhibition of Ezrin expression suppressed the miR-96-induced change in invasive ability. The negative correlation between miR-96 and metastasis/Ezrin expression was also observed in human RCC specimens. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that miR-96 suppresses RCC invasion by modulating Ezrin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengwang Yu
- Urology Department, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, 25 Shifan Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, China.
| | - Shuai Fu
- Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Yubao Liu
- Department of urology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Medical Center, Tsinghua University, 168 Litang Road, Dongxiaokou Town, Changqing District, Beijing, 102218, China.
| | - Zhonghua Xu
- Urology Department, Qilu Hospital, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Urology Department, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, 25 Shifan Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, China.
| | - Junwen Hao
- Urology Department, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, 25 Shifan Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, China.
| | - Baocheng Wang
- Oncology Department, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, 25 Shifan Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, China.
| | - Aimin Zhang
- Urology Department, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, 25 Shifan Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, China.
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