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Vianna GR, Cunha NB, Rech EL. Soybean seed protein storage vacuoles for expression of recombinant molecules. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 71:102331. [PMID: 36603392 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is one of the most important protein sources for human consumption and livestock feed. Soy production also allows the biosynthesis of edible oils, biodiesel, and biofertilizers. With the advent of modern agricultural biotechnology, soybean plants have also converted into bioreactors of therapeutic proteins and industrial enzymes. Soybean's characteristics, such as protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) and other unique organelles, allow the plant to be exploited as an accumulator of heterologous proteins under high stability and scalability conditions, and that maintains its basic functions. This review reports the main aspects of heterologous protein accumulation in soybean PSVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Vianna
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology/National Institute of Science and Technology in Synthetic Biology, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - N B Cunha
- University of Brasília (UnB), Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine (FAV), Campus Universitario Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70910-900, Brazil; Catholic University of Brasília (UCB), Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Brasília, SGAN 916 Modulo B, Bloco C, 70.790-160, Brazil
| | - E L Rech
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology/National Institute of Science and Technology in Synthetic Biology, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70770-917, Brazil.
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2
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Compendium on Food Crop Plants as a Platform for Pharmaceutical Protein Production. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063236. [PMID: 35328657 PMCID: PMC8951019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tremendous advances in crop biotechnology related to the availability of molecular tools and methods developed for transformation and regeneration of specific plant species have been observed. As a consequence, the interest in plant molecular farming aimed at producing the desired therapeutic proteins has significantly increased. Since the middle of the 1980s, recombinant pharmaceuticals have transformed the treatment of many serious diseases and nowadays are used in all branches of medicine. The available systems of the synthesis include wild-type or modified mammalian cells, plants or plant cell cultures, insects, yeast, fungi, or bacteria. Undeniable benefits such as well-characterised breeding conditions, safety, and relatively low costs of production make plants an attractive yet competitive platform for biopharmaceutical production. Some of the vegetable plants that have edible tubers, fruits, leaves, or seeds may be desirable as inexpensive bioreactors because these organs can provide edible vaccines and thus omit the purification step of the final product. Some crucial facts in the development of plant-made pharmaceuticals are presented here in brief. Although crop systems do not require more strictly dedicated optimization of methodologies at any stages of the of biopharmaceutical production process, here we recall the complete framework of such a project, along with theoretical background. Thus, a brief review of the advantages and disadvantages of different systems, the principles for the selection of cis elements for the expression cassettes, and available methods of plant transformation, through to the protein recovery and purification stage, are all presented here. We also outline the achievements in the production of biopharmaceuticals in economically important crop plants and provide examples of their clinical trials and commercialization.
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Schmidt MA, Mao Y, Opoku J, Mehl HL. Enzymatic degradation is an effective means to reduce aflatoxin contamination in maize. BMC Biotechnol 2021; 21:70. [PMID: 34920704 PMCID: PMC8684248 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-021-00730-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aflatoxins are carcinogenic compounds produced by certain species of Aspergillus fungi. The consumption of crops contaminated with this toxin cause serious detrimental health effects, including death, in both livestock and humans. As a consequence, both the detection and quantification of this toxin in food/feed items is tightly regulated with crops exceeding the allowed limits eliminated from food chains. Globally, this toxin causes massive agricultural and economic losses each year. Results In this paper we investigate the feasibility of using an aflatoxin-degrading enzyme strategy to reduce/eliminate aflatoxin loads in developing maize kernels. We used an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) targeted sub-cellular compartmentalization stabilizing strategy to accumulate an aflatoxin-degrading enzyme isolated from the edible Honey mushroom Armillariella tabescens and expressed it in embryo tissue in developing maize kernels. Three transgenic maize lines that were determined to be expressing the aflatoxin-degrading enzyme both at the RNA and protein level, were challenged with the aflatoxin-producing strain Aspergillus flavus AF13 and shown to accumulate non-detectable levels of aflatoxin at 14-days post-infection and significantly reduced levels of aflatoxin at 30-days post-infection compared to nontransgenic control Aspergillus-challenged samples. Conclusions The expression of an aflatoxin-degrading enzyme in developing maize kernels was shown to be an effective means to control aflatoxin in maize in pre-harvest conditions. This aflatoxin-degradation strategy could play a significant role in the enhancement of both US and global food security and sustainability. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12896-021-00730-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica A Schmidt
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, 1657 E. Helen St, Tucson, AZ, 85718, USA.
| | - Yizhou Mao
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, 1657 E. Helen St, Tucson, AZ, 85718, USA
| | - Joseph Opoku
- Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 416 W Congress St, Tucson, AZ, 85701, USA
| | - Hillary L Mehl
- Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 416 W Congress St, Tucson, AZ, 85701, USA
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Kiyono H, Yuki Y, Nakahashi-Ouchida R, Fujihashi K. Mucosal vaccines: wisdom from now and then. Int Immunol 2021; 33:767-774. [PMID: 34436595 PMCID: PMC8633596 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral and nasal cavities are covered by the mucosal epithelium that starts at the beginning of the aero-digestive tract. These mucosal surfaces are continuously exposed to environmental antigens including pathogens and allergens and are thus equipped with a mucosal immune system that mediates initial recognition of pathogenicity and initiates pathogen-specific immune responses. At the dawn of our scientific effort to explore the mucosal immune system, dental science was one of the major driving forces as it provided insights into the importance of mucosal immunity and its application for the control of oral infectious diseases. The development of mucosal vaccines for the prevention of dental caries was thus part of a novel approach that contributed to building the scientific foundations of the mucosal immune system. Since then, mucosal immunology and vaccines have gone on a scientific journey to become one of the major entities within the discipline of immunology. Here, we introduce our past and current efforts and future directions for the development of mucosal vaccines, specifically a rice-based oral vaccine (MucoRice) and a nanogel-based nasal vaccine, with the aim of preventing and controlling gastrointestinal and respiratory infectious diseases using the interdisciplinary fusion of mucosal immunology with agricultural science and biomaterial engineering, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yoshikazu Yuki
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rika Nakahashi-Ouchida
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Fujihashi
- Division of Clinical Vaccinology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Yang J, Xun H, Niu L, He H, Cheng Y, Zhong X, Zhao Q, Xing G, Liu J, Yang X. Elastin-like polypeptide and γ-zein fusions significantly increase recombinant protein accumulation in soybean seeds. Transgenic Res 2021; 30:675-686. [PMID: 33963986 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-021-00258-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Soybean seeds are an ideal host for the production of recombinant proteins because of their high content of proteins, long-term stability of seed proteins under ambient conditions, and easy establishment of efficient purification protocols. In this study, a polypeptide fusion strategy was applied to explore the capacity of elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) and γ-zein fusions in increasing the accumulation of the recombinant protein in soybean seeds. Transgenic soybean plants were generated to express the γ-zein- or ELP-fused green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the soybean seed-specific promoter of β-conglycinin alpha subunit (BCSP). Significant differences were observed in the accumulation of zein-GFP and GFP-ELP from that of the unfused GFP in transgenic soybean seeds based on the total soluble protein (TSP), despite the low-copy of T-DNA insertions and similar expression at the mRNA levels in selected transgenic lines. The average levels of zein-GFP and GFP-ELP accumulated in immature seeds of these transgenic lines were 0.99% and 0.29% TSP, respectively, compared with 0.07% TSP of the unfused GFP. In mature soybean seeds, the accumulation of zein-GFP and GFP-ELP proteins was 1.8% and 0.84% TSP, an increase of 3.91- and 1.82-fold, respectively, in comparison with that of the unfused GFP (0.46% TSP). Confocal laser scanning analysis showed that both zein-GFP and GFP-ELP were abundantly deposited in many small spherical particles of transgenic seeds, while there were fewer such florescence signals in the same cellular compartments of the unfused GFP-expressing seeds. Despite increased recombinant protein accumulation, there were no significant changes in the total protein and oil content in seeds between the transgenic and non-transformed plants, suggesting the possible presence of threshold limits of total protein accumulation in transgenic soybean seeds. Overall, our results indicate that γ-zein and ELP fusions significantly increased the accumulation of the recombinant protein, but exhibited no significant influence on the total protein and oil content in soybean seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - HongWei Xun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Lu Niu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Hongli He
- Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China
| | | | - Xiaofang Zhong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Guojie Xing
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | | | - Xiangdong Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
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Cabanos C, Matsuoka Y, Maruyama N. Soybean proteins/peptides: A review on their importance, biosynthesis, vacuolar sorting, and accumulation in seeds. Peptides 2021; 143:170598. [PMID: 34153351 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Soybean is one of the most important sources of plant protein and is known for its wide range of agricultural, food, and industrial applications as well as health benefits. Interest in soybean proteins has been steadily growing as progressively more applications and benefits are discovered. This review article is focused on the major seed storage proteins of soybean, their three-dimensional structures, their nutritional importance and bioactive peptides, cellular synthesis, and accumulation in seeds. This will also summarize past efforts in the recombinant production of foreign proteins or bioactive peptides in soybean seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cerrone Cabanos
- Laboratory of Food Quality Design and Development, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Food Quality Design and Development, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Maruyama
- Laboratory of Food Quality Design and Development, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
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Ghag SB, Adki VS, Ganapathi TR, Bapat VA. Plant Platforms for Efficient Heterologous Protein Production. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021; 26:546-567. [PMID: 34393545 PMCID: PMC8346785 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Production of recombinant proteins is primarily established in cultures of mammalian, insect and bacterial cells. Concurrently, concept of using plants to produce high-value pharmaceuticals such as vaccines, antibodies, and dietary proteins have received worldwide attention. Newer technologies for plant transformation such as plastid engineering, agroinfiltration, magnifection, and deconstructed viral vectors have been used to enhance the protein production in plants along with the inherent advantage of speed, scale, and cost of production in plant systems. Production of therapeutic proteins in plants has now a more pragmatic approach when several plant-produced vaccines and antibodies successfully completed Phase I clinical trials in humans and were further scheduled for regulatory approvals to manufacture clinical grade products on a large scale which are safe, efficacious, and meet the quality standards. The main thrust of this review is to summarize the data accumulated over the last two decades and recent development and achievements of the plant derived therapeutics. It also attempts to discuss different strategies employed to increase the production so as to make plants more competitive with the established production systems in this industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhesh B. Ghag
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai campus, Kalina, Santacruz, Mumbai, 400098 India
| | - Vinayak S. Adki
- V. G. Shivdare College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Solapur, Maharashtra 413004 India
| | - Thumballi R. Ganapathi
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085 India
| | - Vishwas A. Bapat
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416004 India
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Khan MS, Joyia FA, Mustafa G. Seeds as Economical Production Platform for Recombinant Proteins. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 27:89-104. [DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666191014151237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
The cost-effective production of high-quality and biologically active recombinant
molecules especially proteins is extremely desirable. Seed-based recombinant protein production
platforms are considered as superior choice owing to lack of human/animal pathogenic organisms,
lack of cold chain requirements for transportation and long-term storage, easy scalability and
development of edible biopharmaceuticals in plants with objective to be used in purified or partially
processed form is desirable. This review article summarizes the exceptional features of seed-based
biopharming and highlights the needs of exploiting it for commercial purposes. Plant seeds offer a
perfect production platform for high-value molecules of industrial as well as therapeutic nature
owing to lower water contents, high protein storage capacity, weak protease activity and long-term
storage ability at ambient temperature. Exploiting extraordinarily high protein accumulation
potential, vaccine antigens, antibodies and other therapeutic proteins can be stored without effecting
their stability and functionality up to years in seeds. Moreover, ability of direct oral consumption
and post-harvest stabilizing effect of seeds offer unique feature of oral delivery of pharmaceutical
proteins and vaccine antigens for immunization and disease treatment through mucosal as well as
oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sarwar Khan
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faiz Ahmad Joyia
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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van Eerde A, Gottschamel J, Bock R, Hansen KEA, Munang'andu HM, Daniell H, Liu Clarke J. Production of tetravalent dengue virus envelope protein domain III based antigens in lettuce chloroplasts and immunologic analysis for future oral vaccine development. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:1408-1417. [PMID: 30578710 PMCID: PMC6576073 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever is a mosquito (Aedes aegypti) -transmitted viral disease that is endemic in more than 125 countries around the world. There are four serotypes of the dengue virus (DENV 1-4) and a safe and effective dengue vaccine must provide protection against all four serotypes. To date, the first vaccine, Dengvaxia (CYD-TDV), is available after many decades' efforts, but only has moderate efficacy. More effective and affordable vaccines are hence required. Plants offer promising vaccine production platforms and food crops offer additional advantages for the production of edible human and animal vaccines, thus eliminating the need for expensive fermentation, purification, cold storage and sterile delivery. Oral vaccines can elicit humoural and cellular immunity via both the mucosal and humoral immune systems. Here, we report the production of tetravalent EDIII antigen (EDIII-1-4) in stably transformed lettuce chloroplasts. Transplastomic EDIII-1-4-expressing lettuce lines were obtained and homoplasmy was verified by Southern blot analysis. Expression of EDIII-1-4 antigens was demonstrated by immunoblotting, with the EDIII-1-4 antigen accumulating to 3.45% of the total protein content. Immunological assays in rabbits showed immunogenicity of EDIII-1-4. Our in vitro gastrointestinal digestion analysis revealed that EDIII-1-4 antigens are well protected when passing through the oral and gastric digestion phases but underwent degradation during the intestinal phase. Our results demonstrate that lettuce chloroplast engineering is a promising approach for future production of an affordable oral dengue vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- André van Eerde
- NIBIO – Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchDivision of Biotechnology and Plant HealthÅsNorway
| | - Johanna Gottschamel
- NIBIO – Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchDivision of Biotechnology and Plant HealthÅsNorway
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam‐GolmGermany
| | | | | | - Henry Daniell
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Jihong Liu Clarke
- NIBIO – Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchDivision of Biotechnology and Plant HealthÅsNorway
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Schmidt MA, Herman EM. Characterization and functional biology of the soybean aleurone layer. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:354. [PMID: 30545296 PMCID: PMC6293662 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean is a globally important oil seed crop. Both the high protein and oil content of soybean seeds make this crop a lucrative commodity. As in higher eukaryotic species with available genomes, the functional annotation of most of soybean's genes still remains to be investigated. A major hurdle in the functional genomics of soybean is a rapid method to test gene constructs before embarking on stable transformation experiments. RESULTS In this paper we describe the morphology and composition of the persistent single-cell aleurone layer that derives from the endosperm of developing soybean seeds. Its composition compared to cotyledonary tissue indicates the aleurone layer plays a role in both abiotic and biotic stress. The potential utility as the aleurone layer as a transient expression system in soybean was shown. As a near transparent single-cell layer it can be used as a transient expression system to study transgene expression and inter- and intra-cellular targeting as it is amenable to microscopic techniques. CONCLUSION The transparent single cell aleurone layer was shown to be compositionally comparable to cotyledonary tissue in soybean with an enrichment in oxidative response proteins and shown to be a potential transient expression platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica A. Schmidt
- School of Plant Sciences/BIO5 Institute/University of Arizona, 1657 E. Helen St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Eliot M. Herman
- School of Plant Sciences/BIO5 Institute/University of Arizona, 1657 E. Helen St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
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Sharma M, Dash P, Sahoo PK, Dixit A. Th2-biased immune response and agglutinating antibodies generation by a chimeric protein comprising OmpC epitope (323–336) of Aeromonas hydrophila and LTB. Immunol Res 2017; 66:187-199. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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12
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Disease Prevention: An Opportunity to Expand Edible Plant-Based Vaccines? Vaccines (Basel) 2017; 5:vaccines5020014. [PMID: 28556800 PMCID: PMC5492011 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines5020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lethality of infectious diseases has decreased due to the implementation of crucial sanitary procedures such as vaccination. However, the resurgence of pathogenic diseases in different parts of the world has revealed the importance of identifying novel, rapid, and concrete solutions for control and prevention. Edible vaccines pose an interesting alternative that could overcome some of the constraints of traditional vaccines. The term “edible vaccine” refers to the use of edible parts of a plant that has been genetically modified to produce specific components of a particular pathogen to generate protection against a disease. The aim of this review is to present and critically examine “edible vaccines” as an option for global immunization against pathogenic diseases and their outbreaks and to discuss the necessary steps for their production and control and the list of plants that may already be used as edible vaccines. Additionally, this review discusses the required standards and ethical regulations as well as the advantages and disadvantages associated with this powerful biotechnology tool.
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Rosales-Mendoza S, Sández-Robledo C, Bañuelos-Hernández B, Angulo C. Corn-based vaccines: current status and prospects. PLANTA 2017; 245:875-888. [PMID: 28349257 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Corn is an attractive host for vaccine production and oral delivery. The present review provides the current outlook and perspectives for this field. Among seed-crops, corn represents a key source of biomass for food, fuel production, and other applications. Since the beginning of the development of plant-based vaccines, corn was explored for the production and delivery of vaccines. About a dozen of pathogens have been studied under this technology with distinct degrees of development. A vaccine prototype against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was evaluated in a phase I clinical trial and several candidates targeting bacterial and viral diseases are under preclinical evaluation. The present review provides an updated outlook on this topic highlighting the employed expression strategies; perspectives for the field are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78210, Mexico.
| | - Cristhian Sández-Robledo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, BCS, 23096, Mexico
| | - Bernardo Bañuelos-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78210, Mexico
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, BCS, 23096, Mexico
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Joung YH, Park SH, Moon KB, Jeon JH, Cho HS, Kim HS. The Last Ten Years of Advancements in Plant-Derived Recombinant Vaccines against Hepatitis B. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1715. [PMID: 27754367 PMCID: PMC5085746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease prevention through vaccination is considered to be the greatest contribution to public health over the past century. Every year more than 100 million children are vaccinated with the standard World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended vaccines including hepatitis B (HepB). HepB is the most serious type of liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), however, it can be prevented by currently available recombinant vaccine, which has an excellent record of safety and effectiveness. To date, recombinant vaccines are produced in many systems of bacteria, yeast, insect, and mammalian and plant cells. Among these platforms, the use of plant cells has received considerable attention in terms of intrinsic safety, scalability, and appropriate modification of target proteins. Research groups worldwide have attempted to develop more efficacious plant-derived vaccines for over 30 diseases, most frequently HepB and influenza. More inspiring, approximately 12 plant-made antigens have already been tested in clinical trials, with successful outcomes. In this study, the latest information from the last 10 years on plant-derived antigens, especially hepatitis B surface antigen, approaches are reviewed and breakthroughs regarding the weak points are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hee Joung
- School of Biological Sciences & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Se Hee Park
- School of Biological Sciences & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Ki-Beom Moon
- Molecular Biofarming Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Jae-Heung Jeon
- Molecular Biofarming Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Hye-Sun Cho
- Molecular Biofarming Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Soon Kim
- Molecular Biofarming Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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He Y, Schmidt MA, Erwin C, Guo J, Sun R, Pendarvis K, Warner BW, Herman EM. Transgenic Soybean Production of Bioactive Human Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157034. [PMID: 27314851 PMCID: PMC4912142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating condition of premature infants that results from the gut microbiome invading immature intestinal tissues. This results in a life-threatening disease that is frequently treated with the surgical removal of diseased and dead tissues. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), typically found in bodily fluids, such as amniotic fluid, salvia and mother's breast milk, is an intestinotrophic growth factor and may reduce the onset of NEC in premature infants. We have produced human EGF in soybean seeds to levels biologically relevant and demonstrated its comparable activity to commercially available EGF. Transgenic soybean seeds expressing a seed-specific codon optimized gene encoding of the human EGF protein with an added ER signal tag at the N' terminal were produced. Seven independent lines were grown to homozygous and found to accumulate a range of 6.7 +/- 3.1 to 129.0 +/- 36.7 μg EGF/g of dry soybean seed. Proteomic and immunoblot analysis indicates that the inserted EGF is the same as the human EGF protein. Phosphorylation and immunohistochemical assays on the EGF receptor in HeLa cells indicate the EGF protein produced in soybean seed is bioactive and comparable to commercially available human EGF. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using soybean seeds as a biofactory to produce therapeutic agents in a soymilk delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua He
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Monica A. Schmidt
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Christopher Erwin
- St. Louis Children's Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jun Guo
- St. Louis Children's Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Raphael Sun
- St. Louis Children's Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ken Pendarvis
- School of Animal & Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Brad W. Warner
- St. Louis Children's Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Eliot M. Herman
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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16
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Herman EM, Schmidt MA. The Potential for Engineering Enhanced Functional-Feed Soybeans for Sustainable Aquaculture Feed. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:440. [PMID: 27092158 PMCID: PMC4820450 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is the most rapidly growing segment of global animal production that now surpasses wild-capture fisheries production and is continuing to grow 10% annually. Sustainable aquaculture needs to diminish, and progressively eliminate, its dependence on fishmeal-sourced feed from over-harvested fisheries. Sustainable aquafeed sources will need to be primarily of plant-origin. Soybean is currently the primary global vegetable-origin protein source for aquaculture. Direct exchange of soybean meal for fishmeal in aquafeed has resulted in reduced growth rates due in part to soybean's anti-nutritional proteins. To produce soybeans for use in aquaculture feeds a new conventional line has been bred termed Triple Null by stacking null alleles for the feed-relevant proteins Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor, lectin, and P34 allergen. Triple Null is now being further enhanced as a platform to build additional transgene traits for vaccines, altered protein composition, and to produce high levels of β-carotene an intrinsic orange-colored aquafeed marker to distinguish the seeds from commodity beans and as the metabolic feedstock precursor of highly valued astaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot M. Herman
- School of Plant Sciences, University of ArizonaTucson, AZ, USA
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17
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Rosales-Mendoza S, Salazar-González JA, Decker EL, Reski R. Implications of plant glycans in the development of innovative vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:915-25. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2016.1155987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP, Mexico
| | - Jorge A. Salazar-González
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP, Mexico
| | - Eva L. Decker
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS – Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
- FRIAS – Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Freiburg, Germany
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18
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Mohammadzadeh S, Roohvand F, Ajdary S, Ehsani P, Hatef Salmanian A. Heterologous Expression of Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein in Oil Seeds of Brassica napus L. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e25462. [PMID: 26855744 PMCID: PMC4735835 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.25462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis c virus (HCV), prevalent among 3% of the world population, is a major worldwide public health concern and an effective vaccination could help to overcome this problem. Plant seeds as low-cost vaccine expression platforms are highly desirable to produce antigens. Objectives: The present study was aimed at investigating the possible expression of recombinant HCV core protein, as a leading HCV vaccine candidate, in canola (Brassica napus) plant seeds in order to be used as an effective immunogen for vaccine researches. Materials and Methods: A codon-optimized gene harboring the Kozak sequence, 6 × His-tag, HCVcp (1 - 122 residues) and KDEL (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu) peptide in tandem was designed and expressed under the control of the seed specific promoter, fatty acid elongase 1 (FAE1), to accumulate the recombinant protein in canola (B. napus L.) seeds. Transgenic lines were screened and the presence of the transgene was confirmed in the T0 plants by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The quantity and quality of the HCV core protein (HCVcp) in transgenic seeds were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot, respectively. Results: Western blot analysis using anti-His antibody confirmed the presence of a 15 kDa protein in the seeds of T1 transgenic lines. The amount of antigenic protein accumulated in the seeds of these transgenic lines was up to 0.05% of the total soluble protein (TSP). Conclusions: The canola oilseeds could provide a useful expression system to produce HCV core protein as a vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mohammadzadeh
- Molecular Biology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Farzin Roohvand
- Virology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Soheila Ajdary
- Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Ehsani
- Molecular Biology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding authors: Parastoo Ehsani, Molecular Biology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P. O. Box: 1316943551, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-2164112219, E-mail: ; Ali Hatef Salmanian, Plant Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P. O. Box: 14965-161, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2144580365, Fax: +98-2144580395, E-mail:
| | - Ali Hatef Salmanian
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding authors: Parastoo Ehsani, Molecular Biology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P. O. Box: 1316943551, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-2164112219, E-mail: ; Ali Hatef Salmanian, Plant Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P. O. Box: 14965-161, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2144580365, Fax: +98-2144580395, E-mail:
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19
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Antimicrobial peptide production and plant-based expression systems for medical and agricultural biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1005-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Liew PS, Hair-Bejo M. Farming of Plant-Based Veterinary Vaccines and Their Applications for Disease Prevention in Animals. Adv Virol 2015; 2015:936940. [PMID: 26351454 PMCID: PMC4550766 DOI: 10.1155/2015/936940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have been studied for the production of pharmaceutical compounds for more than two decades now. Ever since the plant-made poultry vaccine against Newcastle disease virus made a breakthrough and went all the way to obtain regulatory approval, research to use plants for expression and delivery of vaccine proteins for animals was intensified. Indeed, in view of the high production costs of veterinary vaccines, plants represent attractive biofactories and offer many promising advantages in the production of recombinant vaccine proteins. Furthermore, the possibility of conducting immunogenicity and challenge studies in target animals has greatly exaggerated the progress. Although there are no edible plant-produced animal vaccines in the market, plant-based vaccine technology has great potentials. In this review, development, uses, and advantages of plant-based recombinant protein production in various expression platforms are discussed. In addition, examples of plant-based veterinary vaccines showing strong indication in terms of efficacy in animal disease prevention are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pit Sze Liew
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hair-Bejo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
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21
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Nahampun HN, Bosworth B, Cunnick J, Mogler M, Wang K. Expression of H3N2 nucleoprotein in maize seeds and immunogenicity in mice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:969-80. [PMID: 25677970 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Oral administration of maize-expressed H3N2 nucleoprotein induced antibody responses in mice showing the immunogenicity of plant-derived antigen and its potential to be utilized as a universal flu vaccine. Influenza A viruses cause influenza epidemics that are devastating to humans and livestock. The vaccine for influenza needs to be reformulated every year to match the circulating strains due to virus mutation. Influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP) is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein that is highly conserved among strains, making it a potential candidate for a universal vaccine. In this study, the NP gene of H3N2 swine origin influenza virus was expressed in maize endosperm. Twelve transgenic maize lines were generated and analyzed for recombinant NP (rNP) expression. Transcript analysis showed the main accumulation of rNP in seed. Protein level of rNP in T1 transgenic maize seeds ranged from 8.0 to 35 µg of NP/g of corn seed. The level increased up to 70 µg of NP/g in T3 seeds. A mouse study was performed to test the immunogenicity of one line of maize-derived rNP (MNP). Mice were immunized with MNP in a prime-boost design. Oral gavage administration showed that a humoral immune response was elicited in the mice treated with MNP indicating the immunogenicity of MNP. NP-specific antibody responses in the MNP group showed comparable antibody titer with the groups receiving positive controls such as Vero cell-derived NP (VNP) or alphavirus replicon particle-derived NP (ANP). Cytokine analysis showed antigen-specific stimulation of IL-4 cytokine elicited in splenocytes from mice treated with MNP further confirming a TH2 humoral immune response induced by MNP administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartinio N Nahampun
- Interdepartmental Plant Biology Major, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1010, USA
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22
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Janda M, Navrátil O, Haisel D, Jindřichová B, Fousek J, Burketová L, Čeřovská N, Moravec T. Growth and stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana benthamiana, Glycine max, Solanum tuberosum and Brassica napus cultivated under polychromatic LEDs. PLANT METHODS 2015; 11:31. [PMID: 27408615 PMCID: PMC4940826 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-015-0076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) brings several key advantages over existing illumination technologies for indoor plant cultivation. Among these are that LEDs have predicted lifetimes from 50-100.000 hours without significant drops in efficiency and energy consumption is much lower compared to traditional fluorescent tubes. Recent advances allow LEDs to be used with customized wavelengths for plant growth. However, most of these LED growth systems use mixtures of chips emitting in several narrow wavelengths and frequently they are not compatible with existing infrastructures. This study tested the growth of five different plant species under phosphor coated LED-chips fitted into a tube with a standard G13 base that provide continuous visible light illumination with enhanced blue and red light. RESULTS The LED system was characterized and compared with standard fluorescence tubes in the same cultivation room. Significant differences in heat generation between LEDs and fluorescent tubes were clearly demonstrated. Also, LED lights allowed for better control and stability of preset conditions. Physiological properties such as growth characteristics, biomass, and chlorophyll content were measured and the responses to pathogen assessed for five plant species (both the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana bentamiana and crop species potato, oilseed rape and soybean) under the different illumination sources. CONCLUSIONS We showed that polychromatic LEDs provide light of sufficient quality and intensity for plant growth using less than 40% of the electricity required by the standard fluorescent lighting under test. The tested type of LED installation provides a simple upgrade pathway for existing infrastructure for indoor plant growth. Interestingly, individual plant species responded differently to the LED lights so it would be reasonable to test their utility to any particular application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Janda
- />Laboratory of Pathological Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojová 313, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- />Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Navrátil
- />Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojová 313, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Haisel
- />Laboratory of Stress Physiology, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojová 313, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Jindřichová
- />Laboratory of Pathological Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojová 313, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Fousek
- />Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojová 313, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Burketová
- />Laboratory of Pathological Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojová 313, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Noemi Čeřovská
- />Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojová 313, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Moravec
- />Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojová 313, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Fahad S, Khan FA, Pandupuspitasari NS, Ahmed MM, Liao YC, Waheed MT, Sameeullah M, Darkhshan, Hussain S, Saud S, Hassan S, Jan A, Jan MT, Wu C, Chun MX, Huang J. Recent developments in therapeutic protein expression technologies in plants. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:265-79. [PMID: 25326175 PMCID: PMC7088338 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1699-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases and cancers are some of the commonest causes of deaths throughout the world. The previous two decades have witnessed a combined endeavor across various biological sciences to address this issue in novel ways. The advent of recombinant DNA technologies has provided the tools for producing recombinant proteins that can be used as therapeutic agents. A number of expression systems have been developed for the production of pharmaceutical products. Recently, advances have been made using plants as bioreactors to produce therapeutic proteins directed against infectious diseases and cancers. This review highlights the recent progress in therapeutic protein expression in plants (stable and transient), the factors affecting heterologous protein expression, vector systems and recent developments in existing technologies and steps towards the industrial production of plant-made vaccines, antibodies, and biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Fahad
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Faheem Ahmed Khan
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory for Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | | | | | - Yu Cai Liao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Muhammad Sameeullah
- Biotechnology Lab., Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Golkoy Campus, 14280 Bolu, Turkey
| | - Darkhshan
- Women Institute of Learning, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Saddam Hussain
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Shah Saud
- Department of Horticultural, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Shah Hassan
- Agriculture University, Peshawar, 25000 Pakistan
| | | | | | - Chao Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Ma Xiao Chun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Jianliang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
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KIYONO H, AZEGAMI T. The mucosal immune system: From dentistry to vaccine development. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2015; 91:423-39. [PMID: 26460320 PMCID: PMC4729857 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.91.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The oral cavity is the beginning of the aero-digestive tract, which is covered by mucosal epithelium continuously under the threat of invasion of pathogens, it is thus protected by the mucosal immune system. In the early phase of our scientific efforts for the demonstration of mucosal immune system, dental science was one of major driving forces due to their foreseeability to use oral immunity for the control of oral diseases. The mucosal immune system is divided functionally into, but interconnected inductive and effector sites. Intestinal Peyer's patches (PPs) are an inductive site containing antigen-sampling M cells and immunocompetent cells required to initiate antigen-specific immune responses. At effector sites, PP-originated antigen-specific IgA B cells become plasma cells to produce polymeric IgA and form secretory IgA by binding to poly-Ig receptor expressed on epithelial cells for protective immunity. The development of new-generation mucosal vaccines, including the rice-based oral vaccine MucoRice, on the basis of the coordinated mucosal immune system is a promising strategy for the control of mucosal infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi KIYONO
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed: H. Kiyono, Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan (e-mail: )
| | - Tatsuhiko AZEGAMI
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Kim WS, Jez JM, Krishnan HB. Effects of proteome rebalancing and sulfur nutrition on the accumulation of methionine rich δ-zein in transgenic soybeans. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:633. [PMID: 25426134 PMCID: PMC4227475 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Expression of heterologous methionine-rich proteins to increase the overall sulfur amino acid content of soybean seeds has been only marginally successful, presumably due to low accumulation of transgenes in soybeans or due to gene silencing. Proteome rebalancing of seed proteins has been shown to promote the accumulation of foreign proteins. In this study, we have utilized RNAi technology to suppress the expression of the β-conglycinin, the abundant 7S seed storage proteins of soybean. Western blot and 2D-gel analysis revealed that β-conglycinin knockdown line (SAM) failed to accumulate the α', α, and β-subunits of β-conglycinin. The proteome rebalanced SAM retained the overall protein and oil content similar to that of wild-type soybean. We also generated transgenic soybean lines expressing methionine-rich 11 kDa δ-zein under the control of either the glycinin or β-conglycinin promoter. The introgression of the 11 kDa δ-zein into β-conglycinin knockdown line did not enhance the accumulation of the 11 kDa δ-zein. However, when the same plants were grown in sulfur-rich medium, we observed 3- to 16-fold increased accumulation of the 11 kDa δ-zein. Transmission electron microscopy observation revealed that seeds grown in sulfur-rich medium contained numerous endoplasmic reticulum derived protein bodies. Our findings suggest that sulfur availability, not proteome rebalancing, is needed for high-level accumulation of heterologous methionine-rich proteins in soybean seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Seok Kim
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, USA
| | - Joseph M. Jez
- Department of Biology, Washington UniversitySt. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hari B. Krishnan
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, USA
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26
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The mucosal immune system for vaccine development. Vaccine 2014; 32:6711-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Maruyama N, Fujiwara K, Yokoyama K, Cabanos C, Hasegawa H, Takagi K, Nishizawa K, Uki Y, Kawarabayashi T, Shouji M, Ishimoto M, Terakawa T. Stable accumulation of seed storage proteins containing vaccine peptides in transgenic soybean seeds. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 118:441-7. [PMID: 24794626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There has been a significant increase in the use of transgenic plants for the large-scale production of pharmaceuticals and industrial proteins. Here, we report the stable accumulation of seed storage proteins containing disease vaccine peptides in transgenic soybean seeds. To synthesize vaccine peptides in soybean seeds, we used seed storage proteins as a carrier and a soybean breeding line lacking major seed storage proteins as a host. Vaccine peptides were inserted into the flexible disordered regions in the A1aB1b subunit three-dimensional structure. The A1aB1b subunit containing vaccine peptides in the disordered regions were sorted to the protein storage vacuoles where vaccine peptides are partially cleaved by proteases. In contrast, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retention type of the A1aB1b subunit containing vaccine peptides accumulated in compartments that originated from the ER as an intact pro-form. These results indicate that the ER may be an organelle suitable for the stable accumulation of bioactive peptides using seed storage proteins as carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Maruyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Keigo Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Cerrone Cabanos
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | | | - Kyoko Takagi
- National Institute of Agrobiological Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan; National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8555, Japan
| | - Keito Nishizawa
- National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8555, Japan
| | - Yuriko Uki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | | | - Mikio Shouji
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Masao Ishimoto
- National Institute of Agrobiological Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan; National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8555, Japan
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Azegami T, Itoh H, Kiyono H, Yuki Y. Novel transgenic rice-based vaccines. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2014; 63:87-99. [PMID: 25027548 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-014-0303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Oral vaccination can induce both systemic and mucosal antigen-specific immune responses. To control rampant mucosal infectious diseases, the development of new effective oral vaccines is needed. Plant-based vaccines are new candidates for oral vaccines, and have some advantages over the traditional vaccines in cost, safety, and scalability. Rice seeds are attractive for vaccine production because of their stability and resistance to digestion in the stomach. The efficacy of some rice-based vaccines for infectious, autoimmune, and other diseases has been already demonstrated in animal models. We reported the efficacy in mice, safety, and stability of a rice-based cholera toxin B subunit vaccine called MucoRice-CTB. To advance MucoRice-CTB for use in humans, we also examined its efficacy and safety in primates. The potential of transgenic rice production as a new mucosal vaccine delivery system is reviewed from the perspective of future development of effective oral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Azegami
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
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29
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Fujiwara K, Cabanos C, Toyota K, Kobayashi Y, Maruyama N. Differential expression and elution behavior of basic 7S globulin among cultivars under hot water treatment of soybean seeds. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 117:742-8. [PMID: 24331980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Basic 7S globulin (Bg7S), which accumulates in mature soybean (Glycine max) seeds, is an extracellular matrix protein. A large amount of Bg7S is synthesized de novo and is eluted from soybean seeds when immersed in 50-60°C water (hot water treatment, HWT). However, the Bg7S elution mechanism remains unclear. Under HWT, the seeds probably undergo heat stress and flooding stress. To obtain fundamental knowledge related to how Bg7S is eluted from hot-water-treated seeds, this study compared Bg7S elution among soybean cultivars having different flooding tolerance during pre-germination. The amounts of Bg7S eluted from seeds varied significantly among cultivars. Elution was suppressed by seed coats regarded as preventing the leakage of seed contents by rapid water imbibition. Furthermore, Bg7S expression levels differed among cultivars, although the difference did not result from any variation in Bg7S promoter sequences. However, the expression levels of Bg7S under HWT were not associated with the flooding tolerance level. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the Bg7S accumulated in the intercellular space of hot-water-treated seeds. Plasma membrane shrinkage was observed. The main proteins eluted from seeds under HWT were located in the extracellular space. This study clarified the mechanism of Bg7S elution from seeds under HWT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Food Quality Design and Development, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Cerrone Cabanos
- Laboratory of Food Quality Design and Development, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kenji Toyota
- Laboratory of Food Quality Design and Development, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yasunori Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Food Quality Design and Development, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Maruyama
- Laboratory of Food Quality Design and Development, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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30
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Hudson LC, Garg R, Bost KL, Piller KJ. Soybean seeds: a practical host for the production of functional subunit vaccines. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:340804. [PMID: 24822195 PMCID: PMC4005145 DOI: 10.1155/2014/340804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soybean seeds possess several inherent qualities that make them an ideal host for the production of biopharmaceuticals when compared with other plant-based and non-plant-based recombinant expression systems (e.g., low cost of production, high protein to biomass ratio, long-term stability of seed proteins under ambient conditions, etc.). To demonstrate the practicality and feasibility of this platform for the production of subunit vaccines, we chose to express and characterize a nontoxic form of S. aureus enterotoxin B (mSEB) as a model vaccine candidate. We show that soy-mSEB was produced at a high vaccine to biomass ratio and represented ~76 theoretical doses of human vaccine per single soybean seed. We localized the model vaccine candidate both intracellularly and extracellularly and found no difference in mSEB protein stability or accumulation relative to subcellular environment. We also show that the model vaccine was biochemically and immunologically similar to native and recombinant forms of the protein produced in a bacterial expression system. Immunization of mice with seed extracts containing mSEB mounted a significant immune response within 14 days of the first injection. Taken together, our results highlight the practicality of soybean seeds as a potential platform for the production of functional subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renu Garg
- Soymeds, Inc., Davidson, NC 28036, USA
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Kenneth L. Bost
- Soymeds, Inc., Davidson, NC 28036, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Piller
- Soymeds, Inc., Davidson, NC 28036, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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31
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Ling HY, Pelosi A, Walmsley AM. Current status of plant-made vaccines for veterinary purposes. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 9:971-82. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Nanotechnological Approaches for Genetic Immunization. DNA AND RNA NANOBIOTECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICINE: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF DISEASES 2013. [PMCID: PMC7121080 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-36853-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Genetic immunization is one of the important findings that provide multifaceted immunological response against infectious diseases. With the advent of r-DNA technology, it is possible to construct vector with immunologically active genes against specific pathogens. Nevertheless, site-specific delivery of constructed genetic material is an important contributory factor for eliciting specific cellular and humoral immune response. Nanotechnology has demonstrated immense potential for the site-specific delivery of biomolecules. Several polymeric and lipidic nanocarriers have been utilized for the delivery of genetic materials. These systems seem to have better compatibility, low toxicity, economical and capable to delivering biomolecules to intracellular site for the better expression of desired antigens. Further, surface engineering of nanocarriers and targeting approaches have an ability to offer better presentation of antigenic material to immunological cells. This chapter gives an overview of existing and emerging nanotechnological approaches for the delivery of genetic materials.
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Guan ZJ, Guo B, Huo YL, Guan ZP, Dai JK, Wei YH. Recent advances and safety issues of transgenic plant-derived vaccines. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:2817-40. [PMID: 23447052 PMCID: PMC7080054 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic plant-derived vaccines comprise a new type of bioreactor that combines plant genetic engineering technology with an organism's immunological response. This combination can be considered as a bioreactor that is produced by introducing foreign genes into plants that elicit special immunogenicity when introduced into animals or human beings. In comparison with traditional vaccines, plant vaccines have some significant advantages, such as low cost, greater safety, and greater effectiveness. In a number of recent studies, antigen-specific proteins have been successfully expressed in various plant tissues and have even been tested in animals and human beings. Therefore, edible vaccines of transgenic plants have a bright future. This review begins with a discussion of the immune mechanism and expression systems for transgenic plant vaccines. Then, current advances in different transgenic plant vaccines will be analyzed, including vaccines against pathogenic viruses, bacteria, and eukaryotic parasites. In view of the low expression levels for antigens in plants, high-level expression strategies of foreign protein in transgenic plants are recommended. Finally, the existing safety problems in transgenic plant vaccines were put forward will be discussed along with a number of appropriate solutions that will hopefully lead to future clinical application of edible plant vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-jun Guan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Life Sciences, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, Shanxi 044000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Bin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-lin Huo
- Centre of Biological and Chemical Exiperiment, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, Shanxi 044000 China
| | - Zheng-ping Guan
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangshu 210095 China
| | - Jia-kun Dai
- Enzyme Engineering Institute of Shaanxi, Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710600 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-hui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 People’s Republic of China
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Peréz Aguirreburualde MS, Gómez MC, Ostachuk A, Wolman F, Albanesi G, Pecora A, Odeon A, Ardila F, Escribano JM, Dus Santos MJ, Wigdorovitz A. Efficacy of a BVDV subunit vaccine produced in alfalfa transgenic plants. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 151:315-24. [PMID: 23291101 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is considered an important cause of economic loss within bovine herds worldwide. In Argentina, only the use of inactivated vaccines is allowed, however, the efficacy of inactivated BVDV vaccines is variable due to its low immunogenicity. The use of recombinant subunit vaccines has been proposed as an alternative to overcome this difficulty. Different studies on protection against BVDV infection have focused the E2 protein, supporting its putative use in subunit vaccines. Utilization of transgenic plants expressing recombinant antigens for the formulation of experimental vaccines represents an innovative and cost effective alternative to the classical fermentation systems. The aim of this work was to develop transgenic alfalfa plants (Medicago sativa, L.) expressing a truncated version of the structural protein E2 from BVDV fused to a molecule named APCH, that target to antigen presenting cells (APCH-tE2). The concentration of recombinant APCH-tE2 in alfalfa leaves was 1 μg/g at fresh weight and its expression remained stable after vegetative propagation. A methodology based an aqueous two phases system was standardized for concentration and partial purification of APCH-tE2 from alfalfa. Guinea pigs parentally immunized with leaf extracts developed high titers of neutralizing antibodies. In bovine, the APCH-tE2 subunit vaccine was able to induce BVDV-specific neutralizing antibodies. After challenge, bovines inoculated with 3 μg of APCH-tE2 produced in alfalfa transgenic plants showed complete virological protection.
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35
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Yu X, Jia R, Huang J, Shu B, Zhu D, Liu Q, Gao X, Lin M, Yin Z, Wang M, Chen S, Wang Y, Chen X, Cheng A. Attenuated Salmonella typhimurium delivering DNA vaccine encoding duck enteritis virus UL24 induced systemic and mucosal immune responses and conferred good protection against challenge. Vet Res 2012; 43:56. [PMID: 22770566 PMCID: PMC3412168 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-43-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Orally delivered DNA vaccines against duck enteritis virus (DEV) were developed using live attenuated Salmonella typhimurium (SL7207) as a carrier and Escherichia coli heat labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) as a mucosal adjuvant. DNA vaccine plasmids pVAX-UL24 and pVAX-LTB-UL24 were constructed and transformed into attenuated Salmonella typhimurium SL7207 resulting SL7207 (pVAX-UL24) and SL7207 (pVAX-LTB-UL24) respectively. After ducklings were orally inoculated with SL7207 (pVAX-UL24) or SL7207 (pVAX-LTB-UL24), the anti-DEV mucosal and systemic immune responses were recorded. To identify the optimum dose that confers maximum protection, we used different doses of the candidate vaccine SL7207 (pVAX-LTB-UL24) during oral immunization. The strongest mucosal and systemic immune responses developed in the SL7207 (pVAX-LTB-UL24) (1011 CFU) immunized group. Accordingly, oral immunization of ducklings with SL7207 (pVAX-LTB-UL24) showed superior efficacy of protection (60-80%) against a lethal DEV challenge (1000 LD50), compared with the limited survival rate (40%) of ducklings immunized with SL7207 (pVAX-UL24). Our study suggests that the SL7207 (pVAX-LTB-UL24) can be a candidate DEV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Josefsberg JO, Buckland B. Vaccine process technology. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:1443-60. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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37
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Khan I, Twyman RM, Arcalis E, Stoger E. Using storage organelles for the accumulation and encapsulation of recombinant proteins. Biotechnol J 2012; 7:1099-108. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Vimolmangkang S, Gasic K, Soria-Guerra R, Rosales-Mendoza S, Moreno-Fierros L, Korban SS. Expression of the nucleocapsid protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in soybean seed yields an immunogenic antigenic protein. PLANTA 2012; 235:513-22. [PMID: 21971995 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1523-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV), is a serious disease of swine and contributes to severe worldwide economic losses in swine production. Current vaccines against PRRS rely on the use of an attenuated-live virus; however, these are unreliable. Thus, alternative effective vaccines against PRRS are needed. Plant-based subunit vaccines offer viable, safe, and environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional vaccines. In this study, efforts have been undertaken to develop a soybean-based vaccine against PRRSV. A construct carrying a synthesized PRRSV-ORF7 antigen, nucleocapsid N protein of PRRSV, has been introduced into soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill. cvs. Jack and Kunitz, using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic plants carrying the sORF7 transgene have been successfully generated. Molecular analyses of T(0) plants confirmed integration of the transgene and transcription of the PRRSV-ORF7. Presence of a 15-kDa protein in seeds of T(1) transgenic lines was confirmed by Western blot analysis using PRRSV-ORF7 antisera. The amount of the antigenic protein accumulating in seeds of these transgenic lines was up to 0.65% of the total soluble protein (TSP). A significant induction of a specific immune response, both humoral and mucosal, against PRRSV-ORF7 was observed following intragastric immunization of BALB/c female mice with transgenic soybean seeds. These findings provide a 'proof of concept', and serve as a critical step in the development of a subunit plant-based vaccine against PRRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sornkanok Vimolmangkang
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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39
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Cunha NB, Murad AM, Ramos GL, Maranhão AQ, Brígido MM, Araújo ACG, Lacorte C, Aragão FJL, Covas DT, Fontes AM, Souza GHMF, Vianna GR, Rech EL. Accumulation of functional recombinant human coagulation factor IX in transgenic soybean seeds. Transgenic Res 2011; 20:841-55. [PMID: 21069460 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-010-9461-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The seed-based production of recombinant proteins is an efficient strategy to achieve the accumulation, correct folding, and increased stability of these recombinant proteins. Among potential plant molecular farming systems, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is a viable option for the production of recombinant proteins due to its high protein content, known regulatory sequences, efficient gene transfer protocols, and a scalable production system under greenhouse conditions. We report here the expression and stable accumulation of human coagulation factor IX (hFIX) in transgenic soybean seeds. A biolistic process was utilised to co-introduce a plasmid carrying the hFIX gene under the transcriptional control of the α' subunit of a β-conglycinin seed-specific promoter and an α-Coixin signal peptide in soybean embryonic axes from mature seeds. The 56-kDa hFIX protein was expressed in the transgenic seeds at levels of up to 0.23% (0.8 g kg(-1) seed) of the total soluble seed protein as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot. Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry assays indicated that the recombinant hFIX in seed cotyledonary cells was efficiently directed to protein storage vacuoles. Mass spectrometry characterisation confirmed the presence of the hFIX recombinant protein sequence. Protein extracts from transgenic seeds showed a blood-clotting activity of up to 1.4% of normal plasma. Our results demonstrate the correct processing and stable accumulation of functional hFIX in soybean seeds stored for 6 years under room temperature conditions (22 ± 2°C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolau B Cunha
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica (PqEB), Av. W5 Norte, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil
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40
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Powell R, Hudson LC, Lambirth KC, Luth D, Wang K, Bost KL, Piller KJ. Recombinant expression of homodimeric 660 kDa human thyroglobulin in soybean seeds: an alternative source of human thyroglobulin. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:1327-38. [PMID: 21384258 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Soybean seeds possess many qualities that make them ideal targets for the production of recombinant proteins. However, one quality often overlooked is their ability to stockpile large amounts of complex storage proteins. Because of this characteristic, we hypothesized that soybean seeds would support recombinant expression of large and complex proteins that are currently difficult or impossible to express using traditional plant and non-plant-based host systems. To test this hypothesis, we transformed soybeans with a synthetic gene encoding human thyroglobulin (hTG)-a 660 kDa homodimeric protein that is widely used in the diagnostic industry for screening and detection of thyroid disease. In the absence of a recombinant system that can produce recombinant hTG, research and diagnostic grade hTG continues to be purified from cadaver and surgically removed thyroid tissue. These less-than-ideal tissue sources lack uniform glycosylation and iodination and therefore introduce variability when purified hTG is used in sensitive ELISA screens. In this study, we report the successful expression of recombinant hTG in soybean seeds. Authenticity of the soy-derived protein was demonstrated using commercial ELISA kits developed specifically for the detection of hTG in patient sera. Western analyses and gel filtration chromatography demonstrated that recombinant hTG and thyroid-purified hTG are biologically similar with respect to size, mass, charge and subunit interaction. The recombinant protein was stable over three generations and accumulated to ~1.5% of total soluble seed protein. These results support our hypothesis that soybeans represent a practical alternative to traditional host systems for the expression of large and complex proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Powell
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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41
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Schmidt MA, Barbazuk WB, Sandford M, May G, Song Z, Zhou W, Nikolau BJ, Herman EM. Silencing of soybean seed storage proteins results in a rebalanced protein composition preserving seed protein content without major collateral changes in the metabolome and transcriptome. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:330-45. [PMID: 21398260 PMCID: PMC3091051 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.173807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The ontogeny of seed structure and the accumulation of seed storage substances is the result of a determinant genetic program. Using RNA interference, the synthesis of soybean (Glycine max) glycinin and conglycinin storage proteins has been suppressed. The storage protein knockdown (SP-) seeds are overtly identical to the wild type, maturing to similar size and weight, and in developmental ontogeny. The SP- seeds rebalance the proteome, maintaining wild-type levels of protein and storage triglycerides. The SP- soybeans were evaluated with systems biology techniques of proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics using both microarray and next-generation sequencing transcript sequencing (RNA-Seq). Proteomic analysis shows that rebalancing of protein content largely results from the selective increase in the accumulation of only a few proteins. The rebalancing of protein composition occurs with small alterations to the seed's transcriptome and metabolome. The selectivity of the rebalancing was further tested by introgressing into the SP- line a green fluorescent protein (GFP) glycinin allele mimic and quantifying the resulting accumulation of GFP. The GFP accumulation was similar to the parental GFP-expressing line, showing that the GFP glycinin gene mimic does not participate in proteome rebalancing. The results show that soybeans make large adjustments to the proteome during seed filling and compensate for the shortage of major proteins with the increased selective accumulation of other proteins that maintains a normal protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eliot M. Herman
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (M.A.S., E.M.H.); Department of Biology (W.B.B., M.S.) and the Genetics Institute (W.B.B.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611; National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 (G.M.); Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology (Z.S., W.Z., B.J.N.) and W.M. Keck Metabolomics Research Laboratory (B.J.N.), Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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42
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Qi G, Li J, Wang S, Xin S, Du P, Zhang Q, Zhao X. A chimeric peptide of intestinal trefoil factor containing cholesteryl ester transfer protein B cell epitope significantly inhibits atherosclerosis in rabbits after oral administration. Peptides 2011; 32:790-6. [PMID: 21192999 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination against cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is proven to be effective for inhibiting atherosclerosis in animal models. In this study, the proteases-resistant intestinal trefoil factor (TFF3) was used as a molecular vehicle to construct chimeric TFF3 (cTFF3) containing CETP B cell epitope and tetanus toxin helper T cell epitope. It was found that cTFF3 still preserved a trefoil structure, and can resist proteases digestion in vitro. After oral immunization with cTFF3, the CETP-specific IgA and IgG could be found in intestine lavage fluid and serum, and the anti-CETP antibodies could inhibit partial CETP activity to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, decrease low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and inhibit atherosclerosis in animals. Therefore, TFF3 is a potential molecular vehicle for developing oral peptide vaccines. Our research highlights a novel strategy for developing oral peptide vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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43
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Amani J, Mousavi SL, Rafati S, Salmanian AH. Immunogenicity of a plant-derived edible chimeric EspA, Intimin and Tir of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in mice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 180:620-7. [PMID: 21421410 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 12/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic plants offer the possibility to produce and deliver an oral immunogen on a large-scale with low production costs and minimal purification or enrichment. Cattles are important reservoirs of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and developing a specific immunity in animals would be invaluable. Intimin, Tir, and EspA proteins are the virulence factors expressed by LEE locus of enterohemorrhagic E. coli. We hypothesized that the chimeric recombinant forms of these effectors delivered as an edible-base vaccine would reduce colonization of bacteria in mice. A synthetic gene (eit) composed of espA (e), eae (i) and tir (t) attached by linkers was constructed. The gene was codon optimized and cloned into plant expression vectors adjacent to CaMV35S and FAE promoters for expression in tobacco and canola plants. Of total soluble protein 0.2% and 0.3% (in average) were detected in transgenic tobacco leaves and canola seeds respectively. Mice immunized either subcutaneously or orally with recombinant EIT and challenged with E. coli O157:H7 significantly exhibited reduced bacterial shedding. Application of transgenic plants containing trivalent immunogen is an effective tool for protection against E. coli O157:H7.
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MESH Headings
- Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics
- Adhesins, Bacterial/immunology
- Animals
- Brassica napus/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Escherichia coli O157/genetics
- Escherichia coli O157/immunology
- Escherichia coli O157/pathogenicity
- Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics
- Escherichia coli Proteins/immunology
- Female
- Immunity, Humoral
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Immunization/methods
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Transformation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Amani
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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Seed proteomics. J Proteomics 2011; 74:389-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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The impact of plant biotechnology on food allergy. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 22:224-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Loos A, Van Droogenbroeck B, Hillmer S, Grass J, Pabst M, Castilho A, Kunert R, Liang M, Arcalis E, Robinson DG, Depicker A, Steinkellner H. Expression of antibody fragments with a controlled N-glycosylation pattern and induction of endoplasmic reticulum-derived vesicles in seeds of Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 155:2036-48. [PMID: 21325568 PMCID: PMC3091078 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.171330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular trafficking and subcellular deposition are critical factors influencing the accumulation and posttranslational modifications of proteins. In seeds, these processes are not yet fully understood. In this study, we set out to investigate the intracellular transport, final destination, N-glycosylation status, and stability of the fusion of recombinant single-chain variable fragments to the crystallizing fragment of an antibody (scFv-Fc) of two antiviral monoclonal antibodies (2G12 and HA78). The scFv-Fcs were expressed in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds and leaves both as secretory molecules and tagged with an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal. We demonstrate differential proteolytic degradation of scFv-Fcs in leaves versus seeds, with higher degradation in the latter organ. In seeds, we show that secretory versions of HA78 scFv-Fcs are targeted to the extracellular space but are deposited in newly formed ER-derived vesicles upon KDEL tagging. These results are in accordance with the obtained N-glycosylation profiles: complex-type and ER-typical oligomannosidic N-glycans, respectively. HA78 scFv-Fcs, expressed in seeds of an Arabidopsis glycosylation mutant lacking plant-specific N-glycans, exhibit custom-made human-type N-glycosylation. In contrast, 2G12 scFv-Fcs carry exclusively ER-typical oligomannosidic N-glycans and were deposited in newly formed ER-derived vesicles irrespective of the targeting signals. HA78 scFv-Fcs exhibited efficient virus neutralization activity, while 2G12 scFv-Fcs were inactive. We demonstrate the efficient generation of scFv-Fcs with a controlled N-glycosylation pattern. However, our results also reveal aberrant subcellular deposition and, as a consequence, unexpected N-glycosylation profiles. Our attempts to elucidate intracellular protein transport in seeds contributes to a better understanding of this basic cell biological mechanism and is a step toward the versatile use of Arabidopsis seeds as an alternative expression platform for pharmaceutically relevant proteins.
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Semenyuk EG, Schmidt MA, Beachy RN, Moravec T, Woodford-Thomas T. Adaptation of an ecdysone-based genetic switch for transgene expression in soybean seeds. Transgenic Res 2010; 19:987-99. [PMID: 20191320 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-010-9377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Soybean was used as a model for studies of chemical induction of gene expression in seeds. A chimeric transcriptional activator, VGE, driven by the soybean seed glycinin G1 promoter, was used to induce the expression of an ER-targeted GFP(KDEL) reporter protein upon addition of the chemical ligand, methoxyfenozide. The chemical gene switch activated gene expression under in vitro conditions in somatic cotyledonary embryos and zygotic seed embryos cultured from transgenic soybean plants, as well as in seeds in planta under greenhouse conditions. The efficiency of induction of GFP expression under different growth conditions was strongly influenced by the developmental stage of the seed and availability of the inducer. The formation of ER-derived GFP-containing protein bodies in seed storage parenchyma cells was correlated with the level of induced expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Semenyuk
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, Saint Louis, MO 63132, USA.
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Obembe OO, Popoola JO, Leelavathi S, Reddy SV. Advances in plant molecular farming. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 29:210-22. [PMID: 21115109 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant molecular farming (PMF) is a new branch of plant biotechnology, where plants are engineered to produce recombinant pharmaceutical and industrial proteins in large quantities. As an emerging subdivision of the biopharmaceutical industry, PMF is still trying to gain comparable social acceptance as the already established production systems that produce these high valued proteins in microbial, yeast, or mammalian expression systems. This article reviews the various cost-effective technologies and strategies, which are being developed to improve yield and quality of the plant-derived pharmaceuticals, thereby making plant-based production system suitable alternatives to the existing systems. It also attempts to overview the different novel plant-derived pharmaceuticals and non-pharmaceutical protein products that are at various stages of clinical development or commercialization. It then discusses the biosafety and regulatory issues, which are crucial (if strictly adhered to) to eliminating potential health and environmental risks, which in turn is necessary to earning favorable public perception, thus ensuring the success of the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olawole O Obembe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, PMB 1023 Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.
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Moeller L, Taylor-Vokes R, Fox S, Gan Q, Johnson L, Wang K. Wet-milling transgenic maize seed for fraction enrichment of recombinant subunit vaccine. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:458-65. [PMID: 19938061 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The production of recombinant proteins in plants continues to be of great interest for prospective large-scale manufacturing of industrial enzymes, nutrition products, and vaccines. This work describes fractionation by wet-milling of transgenic maize expressing the B subunit of the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LT-B), a potent immunogen and candidate for oral vaccine and vaccine components. The LT-B gene was directed to express in seed by an endosperm specific promoter. Two steeping treatments, traditional steeping (TS, 0.2% SO(2) + 0.5% lactic acid) and water steeping (WS, water only), were evaluated to determine effects on recovery of functional LT-B in wet-milled fractions. The overall recovery of the LT-B protein from WS treatment was 1.5-fold greater than that from TS treatment. In both steeping types, LT-B was distributed similarly among the fractions, resulting in enrichment of functional LT-B in fine fiber, coarse fiber and pericarp fractions by concentration factors of 1.5 to 8 relative to the whole kernels on a per-mass basis. Combined with endosperm-specific expression and secretory pathway targeting, wet-milling enables enrichment of high-value recombinant proteins in low-value fractions, such as the fine fiber, and co-utilization of remaining fractions in alternative industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Moeller
- Interdepartmental Plant Biology Major, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Zhang H, Liu M, Li Y, Zhao Y, He H, Yang G, Zheng C. Oral immunogenicity and protective efficacy in mice of a carrot-derived vaccine candidate expressing UreB subunit against Helicobacter pylori. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 69:127-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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