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Qian MB, Keiser J, Utzinger J, Zhou XN. Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis: epidemiology, transmission, clinical features, morbidity, diagnosis, treatment, and control. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0000923. [PMID: 38169283 PMCID: PMC10938900 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00009-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, and Opisthorchis felineus are important liver flukes that cause a considerable public health burden in eastern Asia, southeastern Asia, and eastern Europe, respectively. The life cycles are complex, involving humans, animal reservoirs, and two kinds of intermediate hosts. An interplay of biological, cultural, ecological, economic, and social factors drives transmission. Chronic infections are associated with liver and biliary complications, most importantly cholangiocarcinoma. With regard to diagnosis, stool microscopy is widely used in epidemiologic surveys and for individual diagnosis. Immunologic techniques are employed for screening purposes, and molecular techniques facilitate species differentiation in reference laboratories. The mainstay of control is preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel, usually combined with behavioral change through information, education and communication, and environmental control. Tribendimidine, a drug registered in the People's Republic of China for soil-transmitted helminth infections, shows potential against both C. sinensis and O. viverrini and, hence, warrants further clinical development. Novel control approaches include fish vaccine and biological control. Considerable advances have been made using multi-omics which may trigger the development of new interventions. Pressing research needs include mapping the current distribution, disentangling the transmission, accurately estimating the disease burden, and developing new diagnostic and treatment tools, which would aid to optimize control and elimination measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Men-Bao Qian
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Ma D, Tian S, Qin Q, Yu Y, Jiao J, Xiong X, Guo Y, Zhang X, Ouyang X. Construction of an inhalable recombinant M2e-FP-expressing Bacillus subtilis spores-based vaccine and evaluation of its protection efficacy against influenza in a mouse model. Vaccine 2023; 41:4402-4413. [PMID: 37308364 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a deadly zoonotic pathogen that remains a burden to global health systems despite continuous vaccinations, indicating the need for an improved vaccine strategy. In this work, we constructed a new recombinant influenza vaccine using Bacillus subtilis spores expressing M2e-FP protein (RSM2eFP) and assessed its potency and efficacy in BALB/c mouse immunized via aerosolized intratracheal inoculation (i.t.) or intragastric (i.g.) administration. Immunization via i.t. route conferred 100 % protection against 20 × LD50 A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus compared with only 50 % via the i.g. route. Even when challenged with 40 × LD50 virus, the RSM2eFP vaccine immunized via i.t. provided 80 % protection. Consistently, i.t. inoculation of RSM2eFP spore vaccine induced a stronger lung mucosal immune response and a greater cellular immune response than i.g. administration, as indicated by the high production of IgG and SIgA. In addition, the RSM2eFP spore vaccine diminished the yield of infectious virus in the lung of mice immunized via i.t. These results suggest that i.t. immunization of the RSM2eFP spore vaccine may be a promising strategy for the development of mucosal vaccines against IAV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ma
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, 186# Hong-Qi-Zhong Street, Zhifu, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shengyuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20# Nan-Er-Huan-Dong Street, Yuhua, Hebei 050010, China
| | - Qingqing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China; College of Life Sciences and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15(#) Bei-San-Huan-Dong Street, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yonghui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiaolu Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Xingxiao Zhang
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, 186# Hong-Qi-Zhong Street, Zhifu, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China.
| | - Xuan Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China.
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Saggese A, Baccigalupi L, Donadio G, Ricca E, Isticato R. The Bacterial Spore as a Mucosal Vaccine Delivery System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10880. [PMID: 37446054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient mucosal vaccines is strongly dependent on the use of appropriate vectors. Various biological systems or synthetic nanoparticles have been proposed to display and deliver antigens to mucosal surfaces. The Bacillus spore, a metabolically quiescent and extremely resistant cell, has also been proposed as a mucosal vaccine delivery system and shown able to conjugate the advantages of live and synthetic systems. Several antigens have been displayed on the spore by either recombinant or non-recombinant approaches, and antigen-specific immune responses have been observed in animals immunized by the oral or nasal route. Here we review the use of the bacterial spore as a mucosal vaccine vehicle focusing on the advantages and drawbacks of using the spore and of the recombinant vs. non-recombinant approach to display antigens on the spore surface. An overview of the immune responses induced by antigen-displaying spores so far tested in animals is presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anella Saggese
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Loredana Baccigalupi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Donadio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Ezio Ricca
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Rachele Isticato
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, 80126 Naples, Italy
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Isticato R. Bacterial Spore-Based Delivery System: 20 Years of a Versatile Approach for Innovative Vaccines. Biomolecules 2023; 13:947. [PMID: 37371527 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal vaccines offer several advantages over injectable conventional vaccines, such as the induction of adaptive immunity, with secretory IgA production at the entry site of most pathogens, and needle-less vaccinations. Despite their potential, only a few mucosal vaccines are currently used. Developing new effective mucosal vaccines strongly relies on identifying innovative antigens, efficient adjuvants, and delivery systems. Several approaches based on phages, bacteria, or nanoparticles have been proposed to deliver antigens to mucosal surfaces. Bacterial spores have also been considered antigen vehicles, and various antigens have been successfully exposed on their surface. Due to their peculiar structure, spores conjugate the advantages of live microorganisms with synthetic nanoparticles. When mucosally administered, spores expressing antigens have been shown to induce antigen-specific, protective immune responses. This review accounts for recent progress in the formulation of spore-based mucosal vaccines, describing a spore's structure, specifically the spore surface, and the diverse approaches developed to improve its efficiency as a vehicle for heterologous antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Isticato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), 80055 Naples, Italy
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Liang X, Liang J, Cao J, Liu S, Wang Q, Ning Y, Liang Z, Zheng J, Zhang Z, Luo J, Chen Y, Huang X, Huang Y, Qin Q, Zhou S. Oral immunizations with Bacillus subtilis spores displaying VP19 protein provide protection against Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) infection in grouper. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023:108860. [PMID: 37257567 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Disease caused by Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) results in major economic losses in the global grouper aquaculture industry. Vaccination is considered to be the most effective way to protect grouper from SGIV. In this study, the spores of Bacillus subtilis (B.subtilis) WB600 were utilized as the vehicle that the VP19 protein was displayed on the spores surface. To further investigate the effect of oral vaccination, the grouper were orally immunized with B.s-CotC-19 spores. After challenged, the survival rate of grouper orally vaccinated with B.s-CotC-19 spores was 34.5% and the relative percent survival (RPS) was 28.7% compared to the PBS group. Moreover, the viral load in the tissues of the B.s-CotC-19 group was significantly lower than that of the PBS group. The histopathological sections of head kidney and liver tissue from the B.s-CotC-19 group showed significantly less histopathology compared to the PBS group. In addition, the specific IgM levels in serum in the B.s-CotC-19 group was higher than those in the PBS group. In the hindgut tissue, the immune-related gene expression detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) exhibited an increasing trend in different degrees in the B.s-CotC-19 group, suggesting that the innate and adaptive immune responses were activated. These results indicated that the oral administration of recombinant B.subtilis spores was effective for preventing SGIV infection. This study provided a feasible strategy for the controlling of fish virus diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junjia Liang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jinqiao Cao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yunshang Ning
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zengjian Liang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiaying Zheng
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zemiao Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiayi Luo
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yingjing Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yan Huang
- ZhongShan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Sheng Zhou
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266000, China.
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6
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Zhang Y, Mo R, Sun S, Cui Z, Liang B, Li E, Wang T, Feng Y, Yang S, Yan F, Zhao Y, Xia X. Bacillus subtilis vector based oral rabies vaccines induced potent immune response and protective efficacy in mice. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1126533. [PMID: 36846792 PMCID: PMC9948087 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1126533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rabies is a worldwide epidemic that poses a serious threat to global public health. At present, rabies in domestic dogs, cats, and some pets can be effectively prevented and controlled by intramuscular injection of rabies vaccine. But for some inaccessible animals, especially stray dogs, and wild animals, it is difficult to prevent with intramuscular injection. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a safe and effective oral rabies vaccine. Methods We constructed recombinant Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) expressing two different strains of rabies virus G protein, named CotG-E-G and CotG-C-G, immunogenicity was studied in mice. Results The results showed that CotG-E-G and CotG-C-G could significantly increase the specific SIgA titers in feces, serum IgG titers, and neutralizing antibodies. ELISpot experiments showed that CotG-E-G and CotG-C-G could also induce Th1 and Th2 to mediate the secretion of immune-related IFN-γ and IL-4. Collectively, our results suggested that recombinant B. subtilis CotG-E-G and CotG-C-G have excellent immunogenicity and are expected to be novel oral vaccine candidates for the prevention and control of wild animal rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Northeast Forestry University College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Harbin, China,Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ruo Mo
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Sheng Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhanding Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Entao Li
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ye Feng
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Feihu Yan
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China,Feihu Yan,✉
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China,Yongkun Zhao,✉
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Northeast Forestry University College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Harbin, China,Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Xianzhu Xia,✉
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Wu L, Bao F, Li L, Yin X, Hua Z. Bacterially mediated drug delivery and therapeutics: Strategies and advancements. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114363. [PMID: 35649449 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It was already clinically apparent 150 years ago that bacterial therapy could alleviate diseases. Recently, a burgeoning number of researchers have been using bacterial regimens filled with microbial therapeutic leads to diagnose and treat a wide range of disorders and diseases, including cancers, inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders and viral infections. Some bacteria that were designed to have low toxicity and high efficiency in drug delivery have been used to treat diseases successfully, especially in tumor therapy in animal models or clinical trials, thanks to the progress of genetic engineering and synthetic bioengineering. Therefore, genetically engineered bacteria can serve as efficient drug delivery vehicles, carrying nucleic acids or genetic circuits that encode and regulate therapeutic payloads. In this review, we summarize the development and applications of this approach. Strategies for genetically modifying strains are described in detail, along with their objectives. We also describe some controlled strategies for drug delivery and release using these modified strains as carriers. Furthermore, we discuss treatment methods for various types of diseases using engineered bacteria. Tumors are discussed as the most representative example, and other diseases are also briefly described. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of drug delivery systems based on these bacteria.
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Mechanisms and Applications of Bacterial Sporulation and Germination in the Intestine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063405. [PMID: 35328823 PMCID: PMC8953710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested a major role for endospore forming bacteria within the gut microbiota, not only as pathogens but also as commensal and beneficial members contributing to gut homeostasis. In this review the sporulation processes, spore properties, and germination processes will be explained within the scope of the human gut. Within the gut, spore-forming bacteria are known to interact with the host’s immune system, both in vegetative cell and spore form. Together with the resistant nature of the spore, these characteristics offer potential for spores’ use as delivery vehicles for therapeutics. In the last part of the review, the therapeutic potential of spores as probiotics, vaccine vehicles, and drug delivery systems will be discussed.
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Gao Y, Huo X, Wang Z, Yuan G, Liu X, Ai T, Su J. Oral Administration of Bacillus subtilis Subunit Vaccine Significantly Enhances the Immune Protection of Grass Carp against GCRV-II Infection. Viruses 2021; 14:v14010030. [PMID: 35062234 PMCID: PMC8779733 DOI: 10.3390/v14010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is a severe virus that causes great losses to grass carp culture every year, and GCRV-II is the current popular and fatal strain. VP56, fibrin on the outer surface of GCRV-II, mediates cell attachment. In this study, we firstly divided the VP56 gene into four fragments to screen the optimal antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralizing antibody methods. The second fragment VP56-2 demonstrates the optimal efficiency and was employed as an antigen in the following experiments. Bacillus subtilis were used as a carrier, and VP56-2 was expressed on the surface of the spores. Then, we performed the oral immunization for grass carp and the challenge with GCRV-II. The survival rate was remarkably raised, and mRNA expressions of IgM were significantly up-regulated in spleen and head kidney tissues in the B. s-CotC-VP56-2 group. Three crucial immune indexes (complement C3, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase) in the sera were also significantly enhanced. mRNA expressions of four important genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN1 and MHC-II) were significantly strengthened. Tissue lesions were obviously attenuated by histopathological slide examination in trunk kidney and spleen tissues. Tissue viral burdens were significantly reduced post-viral challenge. These results indicated that the oral recombinant B. subtilis VP56-2 subunit vaccine is effective for controlling GCRV infection and provides a feasible strategy for the control of fish virus diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.G.); (X.H.); (Z.W.); (G.Y.); (X.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xingchen Huo
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.G.); (X.H.); (Z.W.); (G.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Zhensheng Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.G.); (X.H.); (Z.W.); (G.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Gailing Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.G.); (X.H.); (Z.W.); (G.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.G.); (X.H.); (Z.W.); (G.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Taoshan Ai
- Wuhan Chopper Fishery Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430207, China;
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.G.); (X.H.); (Z.W.); (G.Y.); (X.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-27-87282227
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Zhang J, Sun Y, Zheng J. Prospects for liver fluke vaccines. Exp Parasitol 2021; 230:108170. [PMID: 34699916 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2021.108170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola spp., Opisthorchis spp. and Clonorchis sinensis are common liver flukes that can cause a variety of diseases, mainly cholangiocarcinoma induced by clonorchiasis and liver damage and associated pathology induced by fascioliasis. Because these trematodes are parasites of humans and domestic animals, they have greatly affected the economy of agricultural industries and public health worldwide. Due to the emergence of drug resistance and the living habits of flukes, among other reasons, a possibility of reinfection remains even when antiparasitic drugs are used. Therefore, developing a safe, efficient and cost-effective vaccine against trematodes is an important goal. Here, we briefly describe the progress in the development of vaccines against liver flukes. Related innovations may provide effective protection against these helminths and the diseases that they cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, Changchun, Xinmin Street NO.71, 130021, China; Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun Xinmin Street NO.126, 130000, China.
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Xinmin Street NO.71, 130021, China.
| | - Jingtong Zheng
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun Xinmin Street NO.126, 130000, China.
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Todorov SD, Ivanova IV, Popov I, Weeks R, Chikindas ML. Bacillus spore-forming probiotics: benefits with concerns? Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:513-530. [PMID: 34620036 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1983517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Representatives of the genus Bacillus are multifunctional microorganisms with a broad range of applications in both traditional fermentation and modern biotechnological processes. Bacillus spp. has several beneficial properties. They serve as starter cultures for various traditional fermented foods and are important biotechnological producers of enzymes, antibiotics, and bioactive peptides. They are also used as probiotics for humans, in veterinary medicine, and as feed additives for animals of agricultural importance. The beneficial effects of bacilli are well-reported and broadly acknowledged. However, with a better understanding of their positive role, many questions have been raised regarding their safety and the relevance of spore formation in the practical application of this group of microorganisms. What is the role of Bacillus spp. in the human microbial consortium? When and why did they start colonizing the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of humans and other animals? Can spore-forming probiotics be considered as truly beneficial organisms, or should they still be approached with caution and regarded as "benefits with concerns"? In this review, we not only hope to answer the above questions but to expand the scope of the conversation surrounding bacilli probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iskra Vitanova Ivanova
- Department of General and Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Igor Popov
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Richard Weeks
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Michael Leonidas Chikindas
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.,Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Xiong Z, Mai J, Li F, Liang B, Yao S, Liang Z, Zhang C, Gao F, Ai X, Wang J, Long Y, Yang M, Gong S, Zhou Z. Oral administration of recombinant Bacillus subtilis spores expressing mutant staphylococcal enterotoxin B provides potent protection against lethal enterotoxin challenge. AMB Express 2020; 10:215. [PMID: 33315153 PMCID: PMC7734462 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus is induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). A mutant form of SEB (mSEB) is immunogenic as well as less toxic. Recombinant mSEB and SEB were expressed in pET28a prokaryotic plasmids. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in mSEB-stimulated macrophages were lower than those in SEB-stimulated macrophages (p < 0.001, p < 0.01 respectively). Using CotC as a fusion protein, we constructed recombinant Bacillus subtilis spores expressing mSEB on the spore surface and evaluated their safety and protective efficacy via mouse models. Oral administration of mSEB-expressing spores increased SEB-specific IgA in feces and SEB-specific IgG1 and IgG2a in the sera, compared with mice in naïve and CotC spore-treated groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.001 respectively). Six weeks following oral dosing of recombinant spores, significant differences were not found in the serum biochemical indices between the mSEB group and the naïve and CotC groups. Furthermore, oral administration of mSEB spores increased the survival rate by 33.3% in mice intraperitoneally injected with 5 µg of wild-type SEB plus 25 µg lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In summation, recombinant spores stably expressing mSEB were developed, and oral administration of such recombinant spores induced a humoral immune response and provided protection against SEB challenge in mice.
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13
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Phumrattanaprapin W, Chaiyadet S, Brindley PJ, Pearson M, Smout MJ, Loukas A, Laha T. Orally Administered Bacillus Spores Expressing an Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Tetraspanin Protect Hamsters Against Challenge Infection With Carcinogenic Human Liver Fluke. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:1445-1455. [PMID: 32813017 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini is a food-borne trematode that causes hepatobiliary disease in humans throughout Southeast Asia. People become infected by consuming raw or undercooked fish containing metacercariae. Development of a vaccine to prevent or minimize pathology would decrease the risk of severe morbidity, including the development of bile duct cancer. METHODS We produced an oral vaccine based on recombinant Bacillus subtilis spores expressing the large extracellular loop (LEL) of O. viverrini tetraspanin-2 (Ov-TSP-2), a protein that is abundant on the surface of O. viverrini secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recombinant spores expressing Ov-TSP-2-LEL were orally administered to hamsters prior to challenge infection with O. viverrini metacercariae. RESULTS Vaccinated hamsters generated serum IgG as well as bile IgG and IgA responses to Ov-TSP-2-LEL, and serum IgG from vaccinated hamsters blocked the uptake of fluke EVs by a human bile duct epithelial cell line. Vaccinated hamsters had 56% reductions in both adult flukes and fecal eggs compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that oral vaccination of hamsters with recombinant B. subtilis spores expressing Ov-TSP-2-LEL is efficacious at reducing infection intensity and could form the basis of a vaccine for control of carcinogenic liver fluke infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujittra Chaiyadet
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mark Pearson
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael J Smout
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thewarach Laha
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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14
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Evaluation of immune response to Bacillus subtilis spores expressing Clonorchis sinensis serpin3. Parasitology 2020; 147:1080-1087. [PMID: 32404215 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020000797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) is one of the most serious food-borne parasites, which can lead to liver fibrosis or cholangiocarcinoma. Effective measures for clonorchiasis prevention are still urgently needed. Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) is an effective antigen delivery platform for oral vaccines. Chonorchis sinensis serpin (CsSerpin) was proved to be potential vaccine candidates. In this study, CsSerpin3 was displayed on the surface of B. subtilis spore and recombinant spores were orally administrated to BALB/C mice. CsSerpin3-specific IgA levels in faecal, bile and intestinal mucous increased at 4-8 weeks after the first administration compared with those in control groups. The mucus production and the number of goblet cells in intestinal mucosa elevated in B.s-CotC-CsSerpin3 (CotC, coat protein of B. subtilis spore) spores treated group compared to those in blank control. No significant difference in the activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase/ alanine aminotransferase and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase/aspartate aminotransferase were observed between groups. There was no side effect inflammation and observable pathological damage in the liver tissue of mice after administration. Moreover, collagen deposition and Ishak score were statistically reduced in B.s-CotC-CsSerpin3 spores treated mice. In conclusion, B. subtilis spores displaying CsSerpin3 could be investigated further as an oral vaccine against clonorchiasis.
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15
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Recombinant HcGAPDH Protein Expressed on Probiotic Bacillus subtilis Spores Protects Sheep from Haemonchus contortus Infection by Inducing both Humoral and Cell-Mediated Responses. mSystems 2020; 5:5/3/e00239-20. [PMID: 32398277 PMCID: PMC7219552 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00239-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic Bacillales are effective in controlling pathogens. Live probiotic bacteria improve the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota, leading to a reduction in pathogen colonization. However, it remains largely unknown how probiotics regulate the host's immunologic responses and protect the host from parasitic infection. In this study, we addressed whether Bacillales were effective against Haemonchus contortus, a parasitic nematode that infects small ruminants worldwide. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, we found that Bacillales were largely depleted in the abomasal microbiota of sheep infected with H. contortus We constructed a recombinant Bacillus subtilis named rBS CotB-HcG that express the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of H. contortus (HcGAPDH) on its spore surface using the Bacillus subtilis spore coat protein B (CotB) as a carrier. Mice receiving rBS CotB-HcG orally showed strong Th1-dominated immune responses. More importantly, sheep administered BS CotB-HcG per os showed increasing proliferation of the peripheral blood mononucleates, elevated anti-HcGAPDH IgG in sera, and higher anti-HcGAPDH sIgA in the intestinal mucus than the control sheep. The average weight gain of H. contortus-infected sheep treated with rBS CotB-HcG (Hc+rBS CotB-HcG ) was 48.73% greater than that of unvaccinated sheep. Furthermore, these Hc+rBS CotB-HcG sheep had fewer eggs per gram of feces by 84.1% and adult worms by 71.5%. They also demonstrated greatly lessened abomasal damage by H. contortus with an abundance of probiotic species in the abomasal microbiota. Collectively, our data unequivocally demonstrate the protective roles of CotB-HcGAPDH-expressing B. subtilis spores in against H. contortus infection and showed great potential of using probiotic-based strategy in controlling parasitic nematodes of socioeconomic importance in general.IMPORTANCE Initial analyses of the abomasal microbiota of sheep using 16S rRNA sequencing suggested that probiotic bacteria played a protective role in against H. contortus infection. A recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing a fusion protein CotB-HcGAPDH on its spore's surface induced strong Th1 immune response in a murine model. The same probiotic recombinant, upon only one oral application, protected sheep against H. contortus infection by reducing egg shedding and decreasing adult worm loads of the parasite and increasing body weight gain of infected sheep. Both Th1 and Th2 immune responses were evident in these immunized sheep.
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16
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Bai X, Song JH, Dai F, Lee JY, Hong SJ. Clonorchis sinensis secretory protein CsAg17 vaccine induces immune protection. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:215. [PMID: 32334611 PMCID: PMC7183723 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clonorchiasis is endemic in East and Southeast Asian countries. For a preventive strategy against infectious diseases, vaccination is the most effective. Here, we evaluated the molecular characteristics and immune responses of CsAg17 protein from Clonorchis sinensis, and investigated its protective effects against C. sinensis challenge. Methods A cDNA clone encoding CsAg17 protein and containing a secretory signal peptide at the N-terminus was retrieved from the C. sinensis transcriptome bank. Recombinant CsAg17 B-cell epitope protein and cDNA vaccines were produced and their immune responses were evaluated in FVB mice. The proportional changes of CD3+/CD4+ and CD3+/CD8+ T cells were detected by flow cytometry, and immune effectors were measured by ELISA. Results The CsAg17 mRNA was transcribed at a higher level in C. sinensis adults than in metacercariae. The CsAg17 protein was distributed in the sperms, oral and ventral suckers, and mesenchymal tissues of C. sinensis adults. In mice challenged with C. sinensis metacercariae, vaccination with CsAg17 protein and cDNA resulted in a reduction to 64% and 69% in worm burden, respectively. Both CsAg17 protein and cDNA vaccines increased the proportion of CD3+/CD4+ and CD3+/CD8+ T cells and stimulated the production of Th1 type cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, and interferon-γ, while maintaining minimum levels of Th2 cytokines. The levels of IgG specific to CsAg17 protein steeply increased in the two vaccinated groups from 2 weeks after immunization. The liver tissue retained good morphology in the mice vaccinated with CsAg17 protein or cDNA, whereas severe inflammation and large serous cysts were observed in the liver of the unvaccinated mice. Conclusions Vaccination with CsAg17 protein and cDNA reduced the pathological changes in the bile duct and liver, and ameliorated the worm burden via cellular and humoral immune responses. Thus, they may serve as good vaccine candidates against C. sinensis infections.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Bai
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin-Ho Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Fuhong Dai
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Parasitology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Yun Lee
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jong Hong
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Progress in research and application development of surface display technology using Bacillus subtilis spores. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2319-2331. [PMID: 31989224 PMCID: PMC7223921 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is a widely distributed aerobic Gram-positive species of bacteria. As a tool in the lab, it has the advantages of nonpathogenicity and limited likelihood of becoming drug resistant. It is a probiotic strain that can be directly used in humans and animals. It can be induced to produce spores under nutrient deficiency or other adverse conditions. B. subtilis spores have unique physical, chemical, and biochemical characteristics. Expression of heterologous antigens or proteins on the surface of B. subtilis spores has been successfully performed for over a decade. As an update and supplement to previously published research, this paper reviews the latest research on spore surface display technology using B. subtilis. We have mainly focused on the regulation of spore coat protein expression, display and application of exogenous proteins, and identification of developing research areas of spore surface display technology.
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18
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Sun H, Shang M, Tang Z, Jiang H, Dong H, Zhou X, Lin Z, Shi C, Ren P, Zhao L, Shi M, Zhou L, Pan H, Chang O, Li X, Huang Y, Yu X. Oral delivery of Bacillus subtilis spores expressing Clonorchis sinensis paramyosin protects grass carp from cercaria infection. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:1633-1646. [PMID: 31912200 PMCID: PMC7223688 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis), an important fishborne zoonotic parasite threatening public health, is of major socioeconomic importance in epidemic areas. Effective strategies are still urgently expected to prevent against C. sinensis infection. In the present study, paramyosin of C. sinensis (CsPmy) was stably and abundantly expressed on the surface of Bacillus subtilis spores. The recombinant spores (B.s-CotC-CsPmy) were incorporated in the basal pellets diet in three different dosages (1 × 105, 1 × 108, 1 × 1011 CFU/g pellets) and orally administrated to grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The immune responses and intestinal microbiota in the treated grass carp were investigated. Results showed that specific anti-CsPmy IgM levels in sera, skin mucus, bile, and intestinal mucus, as well as mRNA levels of IgM and IgZ in the spleen and head kidney, were significantly increased in B.s-CotC-CsPmy-1011 group. Besides, transcripts levels of IL-8 and TNF-αin the spleen and head kidney were also significantly elevated than the control groups. Moreover, mRNA levels of tight junction proteins in the intestines of B.s-CotC-CsPmy-1011 group increased. Potential pathogenetic bacteria with lower abundance and higher abundances of candidate probiotics and bacteria associated with digestion in 1 × 1011 CFU/g B.s-CotC-CsPmy spores administrated fishes could be detected compared with control group. The amount of metacercaria in per gram fish flesh was statistically decreased in 1 × 1011 CFU/g B.s-CotC-CsPmy spores orally immunized group. Our work demonstrated that B. subtilis spores presenting CsPmy on the surface could be a promising effective, safe, and needle-free candidate vaccine against C. sinensis infection for grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengchang Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of parasitology, Zhongshan School of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education,, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of parasitology, Zhongshan School of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education,, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zeli Tang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Hongye Jiang
- Department of parasitology, Zhongshan School of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education,, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Huimin Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Department of parasitology, Zhongshan School of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education,, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhipeng Lin
- Department of parasitology, Zhongshan School of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education,, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Cunbin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River, Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengli Ren
- Department of parasitology, Zhongshan School of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education,, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of parasitology, Zhongshan School of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education,, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengchen Shi
- Department of parasitology, Zhongshan School of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education,, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Department of parasitology, Zhongshan School of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education,, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Houjun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River, Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ouqin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River, Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuerong Li
- Department of parasitology, Zhongshan School of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education,, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of parasitology, Zhongshan School of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education,, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xinbing Yu
- Department of parasitology, Zhongshan School of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education,, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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19
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Mai J, Liang B, Xiong Z, Ai X, Gao F, Long Y, Yao S, Liu Y, Gong S, Zhou Z. Oral administration of recombinant
Bacillus subtilis
spores expressing
Helicobacter pylori
neutrophil‐activating protein suppresses peanut allergy via up‐regulation of Tregs. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:1605-1614. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Mai
- Clinical Laboratory Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Bingshao Liang
- Clinical Laboratory Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhile Xiong
- Clinical Laboratory Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaolan Ai
- Clinical Laboratory Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Fei Gao
- Clinical Laboratory Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Yan Long
- Clinical Laboratory Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Shuwen Yao
- Clinical Laboratory Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- Clinical Laboratory Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Sitang Gong
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Department Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhenwen Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
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20
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Ding Z, Guan F, Yu X, Li Q, Wang Q, Tian J, Wu N. Identification of the anchoring protein SpoIIIJ for construction of the microbial cell surface display system in Bacillus spp. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:614-623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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21
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Jiang H, Bian Q, Zeng W, Ren P, Sun H, Lin Z, Tang Z, Zhou X, Wang Q, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wu MX, Li X, Yu X, Huang Y. Oral delivery of Bacillus subtilis spores expressing grass carp reovirus VP4 protein produces protection against grass carp reovirus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:768-780. [PMID: 30300738 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) hemorrhagic disease (GCHD), caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV), has given rise to an enormous loss in grass carp industry during the past years. Up to date, vaccination remained to be the most effective way to protect grass carp from GCHD. Oral vaccination is of major interest due to its advantages of noninvasive, time-saving, and easily-operated. The introduction of oral vaccination has profound impact on aquaculture industry because of its feasibility of extensive application for fish in various size and age. However, the main challenge in developing oral vaccine is that antigens are easily degraded and are easy to induce tolerance. Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) spores would be an ideal oral vaccine delivery system for their robust specialty, gene operability, safety and adjuvant property. VP4 protein is the major outer capsid protein encoded by GCRV segment 6 (S6), which plays an important role in viral invasion and replication. In this study, we used B. subtilis spores as the oral delivery system and successfully constructed the B. subtilis CotC-VP4 recombinant spores (CotC-VP4 spores) to evaluate its protective efficacy in grass carp. Grass carp orally immunized with CotC-VP4 spores showed a survival rate of 57% and the relative percent survival (RPS) of 47% after the viral challenge. Further, the specific IgM levels in serum and the specific IgZ levels in intestinal mucus were significantly higher in the CotC-VP4 group than those in the Naive group. The immune-related genes including three innate immune-related genes (IL-4/13A, IL-4/13B, CSF1R), four adaptive immune-related genes (BAFF, CD4L, MHC-II, CD8), three inflammation-related genes (IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β) and interferon type I (IFN-I) related signaling pathway genes were significantly up-regulated in the CotC-VP4 group. The study demonstrated that the CotC-VP4 spores produced protection in grass carp against GCRV infection, and triggered both innate and adaptive immunity post oral immunization. This work highlighted that Bacillus subtilis spores were powerful platforms for oral vaccine delivery, and the combination of Bacillus subtilis spores with GCRV VP4 protein was a promising oral vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qing Bian
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiwei Zeng
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengli Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hengchang Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhipeng Lin
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zeli Tang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yensheng Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mei X Wu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuerong Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinbing Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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22
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Saijuntha W, Sithithaworn P, Kiatsopit N, Andrews RH, Petney TN. Liver Flukes: Clonorchis and Opisthorchis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1154:139-180. [PMID: 31297762 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-18616-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, and O. felineus are liver flukes of human and animal pathogens occurring across much of Europe and Asia. Nevertheless, they are often underestimated compared to other, better known neglected diseases in spite of the fact that many millions of people are infected and hundreds of millions are at risk. This is possibly because of the chronic nature of the infection and disease and that it takes several decades prior to a life-threatening pathology to develop. Several studies in the past decade have provided more information on the molecular biology of the liver flukes which clearly lead to better understanding of parasite biology, systematics, and population genetics. Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis are characterized by a chronic infection that induces hepatobiliary inflammation, especially periductal fibrosis, which can be detected by ultrasonography. These chronic inflammations eventually lead to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a usually fatal bile duct cancer that develops in some infected individuals. In Thailand alone, opisthorchiasis-associated CCA kills up to 20,000 people every year and is therefore of substantial public health importance. Its socioeconomic impacts on impoverished families and communities are considerable. To reduce hepatobiliary morbidity and CCA, the primary intervention measures focus on control and elimination of the liver fluke. Accurate diagnosis of liver fluke infections in both human and other mammalian, snail and fish intermediate hosts, are important for achieving these goals. While the short-term goal of liver fluke control can be achieved by praziquantel chemotherapy, a comprehensive health education package targeting school children is believed to be more beneficial for a long-term goal/solution. It is recommended that a transdisciplinary research or multisectoral control approach including one health and/or eco health intervention strategy should be applied to combat the liver flukes, and hence contribute to reduction of cholangiocarcinoma in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerachai Saijuntha
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Nadda Kiatsopit
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ross H Andrews
- CASCAP, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Trevor N Petney
- CASCAP, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Paleontology and Evolution, State Museum of Natural History, Karlsruhe, Germany
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23
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Chung E, Kim YJ, Lee MR, Cho SH, Ju JW. A 21.6 kDa tegumental protein of Clonorchis sinensis induces a Th1/Th2 mixed immune response in mice. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2018; 6:435-447. [PMID: 30298703 PMCID: PMC6247233 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Clonorchis sinensis is a major parasite affecting the Korea population. Despite the high infection rate and pathogenicity, very few studies have been conducted to investigate the immune responses against the proteins of C. sinensis. Methods In this study, in vitro immune response induced by a recombinant 21.6 kDa tegumental protein derived from C. sinensis (rCsTegu21.6) was confirmed in murine dendritic cells and T cells. For the in vivo analysis, each mouse was immunized three times. Total serum IgG and T cell cytokine production were determined by ELISA, while T cell proliferation was detected by a WST (Water‐Soluble Tetrazolium salt)‐1 assay. Results In vitro tests indicated that rCsTegu21.6 treatment increased the expression of surface molecules, such as CD40 (77%), CD80 (52%) and CD86 (46%), on murine dendritic cells and the secretion of cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, IL‐10, and IL‐12p70). Moreover, co‐culturing dendritic cells activated by rCsTegu21.6 with allogenic T cells induced T cell proliferation over time. rCsTegu21.6 also stimulated specific antibody production and cytokine secretion [IL‐2, IL‐4, and interferon (IFN)‐γ)] from T cells following immunization in vivo. Notably, rCsTegu21.6 predominantly induced IgG1 production and secretion of the Th2 cytokine IL‐4, regardless of the type of adjuvant used. Conclusion These results serve as a foundation for the development of tegumental protein‐based vaccines against C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- EunJoo Chung
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jung Kim
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Ro Lee
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyeong Cho
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Won Ju
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
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24
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Sun H, Lin Z, Zhao L, Chen T, Shang M, Jiang H, Tang Z, Zhou X, Shi M, Zhou L, Ren P, Qu H, Lin J, Li X, Xu J, Huang Y, Yu X. Bacillus subtilis spore with surface display of paramyosin from Clonorchis sinensis potentializes a promising oral vaccine candidate. Parasit Vectors 2018. [PMID: 29514667 PMCID: PMC5842650 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clonorchiasis caused by Clonorchis sinensis has become increasingly prevalent in recent years. Effective prevention strategies are urgently needed to control this food-borne infectious disease. Previous studies indicated that paramyosin of C. sinensis (CsPmy) is a potential vaccine candidate. Methods We constructed a recombinant plasmid of PEB03-CotC-CsPmy, transformed it into Bacillus subtilis WB600 strain (B.s-CotC-CsPmy), and confirmed CsPmy expression on the spore surface by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay. The immune response and protective efficacy of the recombinant spore were investigated in BALB/c mice after intragastrical or intraperitoneal immunization. Additionally, biochemical enzyme activities in sera, the intestinal histopathology and gut microflora of spore-treated mice were investigated. Results CsPmy was successfully expressed on the spore surface and the fusion protein on the spore surface with thermostability. Specific IgG in sera and intestinal mucus were increased after intraperitoneal and intragastrical immunization. The sIgA level in intestinal mucus, feces and bile of B.s-CotC-CsPmy orally treated mice were also significantly raised. Furthermore, numerous IgA-secreting cells were detected in intestinal mucosa of intragastrically immunized mice. No inflammatory injury was observed in the intestinal tissues and there was no significant difference in levels of enzyme-indicated liver function among the groups. Additionally, the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota were not changed after oral immunization. Intragastric and intraperitoneal immunization of B.s-CotC-CsPmy spores in mice resulted in egg reduction rates of 48.3 and 51.2% after challenge infection, respectively. Liver fibrosis degree in B.s-CotC-CsPmy spores treated groups was also significantly reduced. Conclusions CsPmy expressed on the spore surface maintained its immunogenicity. Both intragastrical and intraperitoneal immunization with B.s-CotC-CsPmy spores induced systemic and local mucosal immune response in mice. Although both intragastric and intraperitoneal immunization elicited a similar protective effect, intragastric immunization induced stronger mucosal immune response without side effects to the liver, intestine and gut microbiota, compared with intraperitoneal immunization. Oral immunization with B. subtilis spore expressing CsPmy on the surface was a promising, safe and needle-free vaccination strategy against clonorchiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengchang Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Zhipeng Lin
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Tingjin Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Mei Shang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Hongye Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Zeli Tang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Mengchen Shi
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Pengli Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Honglin Qu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Jinsi Lin
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xuerong Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China. .,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| | - Xinbing Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China. .,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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25
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Lee DH, Kim AR, Lee SH, Quan FS. Virus-like particles vaccine containing Clonorchis sinensis tegumental protein induces partial protection against Clonorchis sinensis infection. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:626. [PMID: 29284528 PMCID: PMC5747077 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human clonorchiasis, caused by the infection of Clonorchis sinensis, is one of the major health problems in Southeast Asia. However, vaccine efficacy against C. sinensis infection remains largely unknown. Methods In this study, for the first time, we generated virus-like particles (VLPs) vaccine containing the C. sinensis tegumental protein 22.3 kDa (CsTP 22.3) and the influenza matrix protein (M1) as a core protein, and investigated the vaccine efficacy in Sprague-Dawley rats. Results Intranasal immunization of VLPs vaccine induced C. sinensis-specific IgG, IgG2a and IgG2c in the sera and IgA responses in the feces and intestines. Notably, upon challenge infection with C. sinensis metacercariae, significantly lower adult worm loads (70.2%) were measured in the liver of rats immunized with VLPs, compared to those of naïve rats. Furthermore, VLPs immunization induced antibody secreting cells (ASC) responses and CD4+/CD8+ T cell responses in the spleen. Conclusions Our results indicated that VLPs vaccine containing C. sinensis CsTP 22.3 kDa provided partial protection against C. sisnensis infection. Thus, VLPs could be a potential vaccine candidate against C. sinensis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-017-2526-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ah-Ra Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Hwa Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Fu-Shi Quan
- Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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26
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Chen H, Ullah J, Jia J. Progress in Bacillus subtilis Spore Surface Display Technology towards Environment, Vaccine Development, and Biocatalysis. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 27:159-167. [DOI: 10.1159/000475177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spore surface display is the most desirable with enhanced effects, low cost, less time consuming and the most promising technology for environmental, medical, and industrial development. Spores have various applications in industry due to their ability to survive in harsh industrial processes including heat resistance, alkaline tolerance, chemical tolerance, easy recovery, and reusability. Yeast and bacteria, including gram-positive and -negative, are the most frequently used organisms for the display of various proteins (eukaryotic and prokaryotic), but unlike spores, they can rupture easily due to nutritive properties, susceptibility to heat, pH, and chemicals. Hence, spores are the best choice to avoid these problems, and they have various applications over nonspore formers due to amenability for laboratory purposes. Various strains of <i>Clostridium</i> and <i>Bacillus</i> are spore formers, but the most suitable choice for display is <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> because, according to the WHO, it is safe to humans and considered as “GRAS” (generally recognized as safe). This review focuses on the application of spore surface display towards industries, vaccine development, the environment, and peptide library construction, with cell surface display for enhanced protein expression and high enzymatic activity. Different vectors, coat proteins, and statistical analyses can be used for linker selection to obtain greater expression and high activity of the displayed protein.
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27
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Dong H, Huang Y, Yao S, Liang B, Long Y, Xie Y, Mai J, Gong S, Zhou Z. The recombinant fusion protein of cholera toxin B and neutrophil-activating protein expressed on Bacillus subtilis spore surface suppresses allergic inflammation in mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:5819-5829. [PMID: 28608279 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The neutrophil-activating protein of Helicobacter pylori (HP-NAP) has been identified as a modulator with anti-Th2 inflammation activity, and cholera toxin B (CTB) is a mucosal adjuvant that can also induce antigen tolerance. In this study, we constructed a CTB-NAP fusion protein on the surface of Bacillus subtilis spore and evaluate the efficiency of oral administration of the recombinant CTB-NAP spores in preventing asthma in mice. Oral administration of recombinant CTB or CTB-NAP spores significantly decreased serum ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgE (p < 0.001) and increased fecal IgA (p < 0.01) compared to the treatment with non-recombinant spores. Oral administration of recombinant CTB or CTB-NAP spores induced IL-10 and IFN-γ expression and reduced IL-4 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Moreover, CTB and CTB-NAP spores reduced the eosinophils in BALF and inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs. Furthermore, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs in splenocytes were significantly increased in mice treated with recombinant CTB or CTB-NAP spores. The number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs caused by CTB-NAP was higher than that by CTB alone. Our study indicated that B. subtilis spores with surface expression of subunit CTB or CTB-NAP could inhibit OVA-induced allergic inflammation in mice. The attenuated inflammation was attributed to the induction of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs and IgA. Moreover, the fusion protein CTB-NAP demonstrated a better efficiency than CTB alone in inhibiting the inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dong
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- The First Women and Children's Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Yanmei Huang
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Shuwen Yao
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Bingshao Liang
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yan Long
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yongqiang Xie
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jialiang Mai
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Sitang Gong
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhou
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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28
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Wu Z, Tang Z, Shang M, Zhao L, Zhou L, Kong X, Lin Z, Sun H, Chen T, Xu J, Li X, Huang Y, Yu X. Comparative analysis of immune effects in mice model: Clonorchis sinensis cysteine protease generated from recombinant Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis spores. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:1811-1822. [PMID: 28502017 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5445-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Clonorchiasis remains a nonnegligible public health problem in endemic areas. Cysteine protease of Clonorchis sinensis (CsCP) plays indispensable roles in the parasitic physiology and pathology, and has been exploited as a promising drug and vaccine candidate. In recent years, development of spore-based vaccines against multiple pathogens has attracted many investigators' interest. In previous studies, the recombinant Escherichia coli (BL21) and Bacillus subtilis spores expressing CsCP have been successfully constructed, respectively. In this study, the immune effects of CsCP protein purified from recombinant BL21 (rCsCP) and B. subtilis spores presenting CsCP (B.s-CsCP) in Balb/c mice model were conducted with comparative analysis. Levels of specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a were significantly increased in sera from both rCsCP and B.s-CsCP intraperitoneally immunized mice. Additionally, recombinant spores expressing abundant fusion CsCP (0.03125 pg/spore) could strongly enhance the immunogenicity of CsCP with significantly higher levels of IgG and isotypes. Compared with rCsCP alone, intraperitoneal administration of mice with spores expressing CsCP achieved a better effect of fighting against C. sinensis infection by slowing down the process of fibrosis. Our results demonstrated that a combination of Th1/Th2 immune responses could be elicited by rCsCP, while spores displaying CsCP prominently induced Th1-biased specific immune responses, and the complex cytokine network maybe mediates protective immune responses against C. sinensis. This work further confirmed that the usage of B. subtilis spores displaying CsCP is an effective way to against C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanshuai Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zeli Tang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Mei Shang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiangzhan Kong
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Zhipeng Lin
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Hengchang Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Tingjin Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xuerong Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| | - Xinbing Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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Structural insights into a 20.8-kDa tegumental-allergen-like (TAL) protein from Clonorchis sinensis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1764. [PMID: 28496122 PMCID: PMC5431922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival of Clonorchis sinensis, a cause of human clonorchiasis, requires tegument proteins, which are localized to the tegumental outer surface membrane. These proteins play an important role in a host response and parasite survival. Thus, these proteins are interesting molecular targets for vaccine and drug development. Here, we have determined two crystal structures of the calmodulin like domain (amino acid [aa] positions 1–81) and dynein light chain (DLC)-like domain (aa 83–177) of a 20.8-kDa tegumental-allergen-like protein from Clonorchis sinensis (CsTAL3). The calmodulin like domain has two Ca2+-binding sites (named CB1 and CB2), but Ca2+ binds to only one site, CB1. The DLC-like domain has a dimeric conformation; the interface is formed mainly by hydrogen bonds between the main chain atoms. In addition, we have determined full-length structure of CsTAL3 in solution and showed the conformational change of CsTAL3 induced by Ca2+ ion binding using small-angle X-ray scattering analysis and molecular dynamics simulations. The Ca2+-bound form has a more extended conformation than the Ca2+-free from does. These structural and biochemical analyses will advance the understanding of the biology of this liver fluke and may contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanism of calcium-responsive and tegumental-allergen-like proteins.
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Tang Z, Sun H, Chen T, Lin Z, Jiang H, Zhou X, Shi C, Pan H, Chang O, Ren P, Yu J, Li X, Xu J, Huang Y, Yu X. Oral delivery of Bacillus subtilis spores expressing cysteine protease of Clonorchis sinensis to grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus): Induces immune responses and has no damage on liver and intestine function. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 64:287-296. [PMID: 28323213 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) is a fish-borne trematode. Human can be infected by ingestion of C. sinensis metacercariae parasitized in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). For induction of effective oral immune responses, spores of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) WB600 were utilized as vehicle to delivery CsCP (cysteine protease of C. sinensis) cooperated with CotC (B.s-CotC-CP), one of coat proteins, to the gastrointestinal tract. After routine culture of 8-12 h in LB medium, B. subtilis containing CotC-CsCP was transferred into the sporulation culture medium. SDS-PAGE, western blotting and the growth curve indicated that the best sporulation time of recombinant WB600 was 24-30 h at 37 °C with continuous shaking (250 rpm). Grass carp were fed with three levels of B.s-CotC-CP (1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 CFU g-1) incorporated in the basal pellets diet. The commercial pellets or supplemented with spores just expressing CotC (1 × 107 CFU g-1) were served as control diet. Our results showed that grass carp orally immunized with the feed-based B.s-CotC-CP developed a strong specific immune response with significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels of IgM in samples of serum, bile, mucus of surface and intestinal compared to the control groups. Abundant colonization spores expressing CsCP were found in hindgut that is conducive to absorption and presentation of antigen. Moreover, B. subtilis spores appeared to show no sign of toxicity or damage in grass carp. Our cercariae challenge experiments suggested that oral administration of spores expressing CsCP could develop an effective protection against C. sinensis in fish body. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the feed-based recombinant spores could trigger high levels of mucosal and humoral immunity, and would be a promising candidate vaccine against C. sinensis metacercariae formation in freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeli Tang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Hengchang Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - TingJin Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zhipeng Lin
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Hongye Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Cunbin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Houjun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ouqin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengli Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jinyun Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xuerong Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Xinbing Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
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Kim YJ, Yoo WG, Lee MR, Kang JM, Na BK, Cho SH, Park MY, Ju JW. Molecular and Structural Characterization of the Tegumental 20.6-kDa Protein in Clonorchis sinensis as a Potential Druggable Target. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E557. [PMID: 28273846 PMCID: PMC5372573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The tegument, representing the membrane-bound outer surface of platyhelminth parasites, plays an important role for the regulation of the host immune response and parasite survival. A comprehensive understanding of tegumental proteins can provide drug candidates for use against helminth-associated diseases, such as clonorchiasis caused by the liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis. However, little is known regarding the physicochemical properties of C. sinensis teguments. In this study, a novel 20.6-kDa tegumental protein of the C. sinensis adult worm (CsTegu20.6) was identified and characterized by molecular and in silico methods. The complete coding sequence of 525 bp was derived from cDNA clones and encodes a protein of 175 amino acids. Homology search using BLASTX showed CsTegu20.6 identity ranging from 29% to 39% with previously-known tegumental proteins in C. sinensis. Domain analysis indicated the presence of a calcium-binding EF-hand domain containing a basic helix-loop-helix structure and a dynein light chain domain exhibiting a ferredoxin fold. We used a modified method to obtain the accurate tertiary structure of the CsTegu20.6 protein because of the unavailability of appropriate templates. The CsTegu20.6 protein sequence was split into two domains based on the disordered region, and then, the structure of each domain was modeled using I-TASSER. A final full-length structure was obtained by combining two structures and refining the whole structure. A refined CsTegu20.6 structure was used to identify a potential CsTegu20.6 inhibitor based on protein structure-compound interaction analysis. The recombinant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography. In C. sinensis, CsTegu20.6 mRNAs were abundant in adult and metacercariae, but not in the egg. Immunohistochemistry revealed that CsTegu20.6 localized to the surface of the tegument in the adult fluke. Collectively, our results contribute to a better understanding of the structural and functional characteristics of CsTegu20.6 and homologs of flukes. One compound is proposed as a putative inhibitor of CsTegu20.6 to facilitate further studies for anthelmintics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jung Kim
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Centre for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Chungbuk 28159, Korea.
| | - Won Gi Yoo
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Centre for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Chungbuk 28159, Korea.
| | - Myoung-Ro Lee
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Centre for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Chungbuk 28159, Korea.
| | - Jung-Mi Kang
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea.
| | - Byoung-Kuk Na
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea.
| | - Shin-Hyeong Cho
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Centre for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Chungbuk 28159, Korea.
| | - Mi-Yeoun Park
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Centre for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Chungbuk 28159, Korea.
| | - Jung-Won Ju
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Centre for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Research Institute of Health, Chungbuk 28159, Korea.
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Chung EJ, Jeong YI, Lee MR, Kim YJ, Lee SE, Cho SH, Lee WJ, Park MY, Ju JW. Heat shock proteins 70 and 90 from Clonorchis sinensis induce Th1 response and stimulate antibody production. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:118. [PMID: 28249599 PMCID: PMC5333430 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are found in all prokaryotes and most compartments of eukaryotic cells. Members of the HSP family mediate immune responses to tissue damage or cellular stress. However, little is known about the immune response induced by the oriental liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis, even though this organism is carcinogenic to humans. We address this issue in the present study in mouse bone marrow dendritic cells (mBMDCs), using recombinant HSP70 and 90 from C. sinensis (rCsHSP70 and rCsHSP90). Methods rCsHSP70 and rCsHSP90 were produced in an E. coli system. Purified recombinant proteins were treated in BMDCs isolated from C57BL/6 mice. T cells were isolated from Balb/c mice and co-cultured with activated mBMDCs. Expression of surface molecules was measured by flow cytometry and cytokine secretion was quantified using ELISA. C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups, including peptide alone, peptide/Freund’s adjuvant, peptide/CsHSP70, peptide/CsHSP90, and were immunized intraperitoneally three times. Two weeks after final immunization, antibodies against peptide were measured using ELISA. Results Both proteins induced a dose-dependent upregulation in major histocompatibility complex and co-stimulatory molecule expression and increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, -6, and -12p70 and tumor necrosis factor-α in mBMDCs. Furthermore, when allogenic T cells were incubated with mBMDCs activated by rCsHSP70 and rCsHSP90, the helper T cell (Th)1 cytokine interferon-γ was up-regulated whereas the level of the Th2 cytokine IL-4 was unchanged. These results indicate that rCsHSPs predominantly induce a Th1 response. Over and above these results, we also demonstrated that the production of peptide-specific antibodies can be activated after immunization via in vitro peptide binding with rCsHSP70 or rCsHSP90. Conclusion This study showed for the first time that the HSP or HSP/peptide complexes of C. sinensis could be considered as a more effective vaccine against C. sinensis infection as results of the activator of host immune response as well as the adjuvant for antigenic peptide conjugate to induce peptide-specific antibody response in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Chung
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Il Jeong
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Ro Lee
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jung Kim
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyeong Cho
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ja Lee
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Yeoun Park
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Won Ju
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Research Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Osong, 28159, Republic of Korea.
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Wang H, Wang Y, Yang R. Recent progress in Bacillus subtilis spore-surface display: concept, progress, and future. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:933-949. [PMID: 28062973 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With the increased knowledge on spore structure and advances in biotechnology engineering, the newly developed spore-surface display system confers several inherent advantages over other microbial cell-surface display systems including enhanced stability and high safety. Bacillus subtilis is the most commonly used Bacillus species for spore-surface display. The expression of heterologous antigen or protein on the surface of B. subtilis spores has now been practiced for over a decade with noteworthy success. As an update and supplement to other previous reviews, we comprehensively summarize recent studies in the B. subtilis spore-surface display technique. We focus on its benefits as well as the critical factors affecting its display efficiency and offer suggestions for the future success of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311800, China.
| | - Yunxiang Wang
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311800, China
| | - Ruijin Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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Zhou Z, Dong H, Huang Y, Yao S, Liang B, Xie Y, Long Y, Mai J, Gong S. Recombinant Bacillus subtilis spores expressing cholera toxin B subunit and Helicobacter pylori urease B confer protection against H. pylori in mice. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:83-89. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwen Zhou
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 318 Renminzhong Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou,Guangdong 510120, PR China
| | - Hui Dong
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 318 Renminzhong Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou,Guangdong 510120, PR China
| | - Yanmei Huang
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 318 Renminzhong Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou,Guangdong 510120, PR China
| | - Shuwen Yao
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 318 Renminzhong Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou,Guangdong 510120, PR China
| | - Bingshao Liang
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 318 Renminzhong Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou,Guangdong 510120, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Xie
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 318 Renminzhong Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou,Guangdong 510120, PR China
| | - Yan Long
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 318 Renminzhong Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou,Guangdong 510120, PR China
| | - Jialiang Mai
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 318 Renminzhong Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou,Guangdong 510120, PR China
| | - Sitang Gong
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 318 Renminzhong Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou,Guangdong 510120, PR China
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Jiang H, Chen T, Sun H, Tang Z, Yu J, Lin Z, Ren P, Zhou X, Huang Y, Li X, Yu X. Immune response induced by oral delivery of Bacillus subtilis spores expressing enolase of Clonorchis sinensis in grass carps (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 60:318-325. [PMID: 27729275 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Clonorchiasis, caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked freshwater fish containing infective metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensisis (C.sinensis), remains a common public health problem. New effective prevention strategies are still urgent to control this food-borne infectious disease. The previous studies suggested Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) spores was an ideal vaccines delivery system, and the C.sinensis enolase (CsENO) was a potential vaccine candidate against clonorchiasis. In the current study, we detected CsENO-specific IgM levels by ELISA in sera, intestinal mucus and skin mucus in grass carps (Ctenopharyngodon idella) through oral administration with B. subtilis spores surface expressing CsENO. In addition, immune-related genes expression was also measured by qRT-PCR. Grass carps orally treated with B. subtilis spores or normal forages were used as controls. The results of ELISA manifested that specific IgM levels of grass carps in CsENO group in sera, intestine mucus and skin mucus almost significantly increased from week 4 post the first oral administration when compared to the two control groups. The levels of specific IgM reached its peak in intestine mucus firstly, then in sera, and last in skin mucus. qRT-PCR results showed that 5 immune-related genes expression had different degree of rising trend in CsENO group when compared to the two control groups. Our study demonstrated that orally administrated with B. subtilis spores expressing CsENO induced innate and adaptive immunity, systemic and local mucosal immunity, and humoral and cellular immunity. Our work may pave the way to clarify the exact mechanisms of protective efficacy elicited by B. subtilis spores expressing CsENO and provide new ideas for vaccine development against C. sinensis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Tingjin Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Hengchang Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zeli Tang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jinyun Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zhipeng Lin
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Pengli Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xuerong Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xinbing Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
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The immunological characteristics and probiotic function of recombinant Bacillus subtilis spore expressing Clonorchis sinensis cysteine protease. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:648. [PMID: 27993173 PMCID: PMC5170900 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clonorchiasis, a food-borne zoonosis, is caused by Clonorchis sinensis. The intestinal tract and bile ducts are crucial places for C. sinensis metacercariae to develop into adult worms. The endospore of Bacillus subtilis is an ideal oral immunization vehicle for delivery of heterologous antigens to intestine. Cysteine protease of C. sinensis (CsCP) is an endogenous key component in the excystment of metacercariae and other physiological or pathological processes. Methods We constructed a fusion gene of CotC (a coat protein)-CsCP and obtained B. subtilis spores with recombinant plasmid of pEB03-CotC-CsCP (B.s-CotC-CsCP). CotC-CsCP expressed on spores’ surface was detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Immunological characteristics of recombinant spore coat protein were evaluated in a mouse model. The levels of CsCP-specific antibodies were detected by ELISA. Effects of recombinant spores on mouse intestine were evaluated by histological staining. The activities of biochemical enzymes in serum were assayed by microplate. Liver sections of infected mice were evaluated by Ishak score after Masson’s trichrome. Results The B.s-CotC-CsCP spores displayed CsCP on their coat. Specific IgG and isotypes were significantly induced by coat proteins of B.s-CotC-CsCP spores after subcutaneous immunization. IgA levels in intestinal mucus and bile of B.s-CotC-CsCP orally treated mice significantly increased. Additionally, more IgA-secreting cells were observed in enteraden and lamina propria regions of the mouse jejunum, and an increased amount of acidic mucins in intestines were also observed. There were no significant differences in enzyme levels of serum among groups. No inflammatory injury was observed in the intestinal tissues of each group. The degree of liver fibrosis was significantly reduced after oral immunization with B.s-CotC-CsCP spores. Conclusions Bacillus subtilis spores maintained the original excellent immunogenicity of CsCP expressed on their surface. Both local and systemic specific immune responses were elicited by oral administration of B.s-CotC-CsCP spores. The spores effectively promoted intestinal health by inducing secretion of acidic mucins, with no other side effects to the liver or intestine. Oral administration of spores expressing CsCP could provide effective protection against C. sinensis. This study may be a cornerstone for development of antiparasitic agents or vaccines against clonorchiasis based on B. subtilis spore expressing CsCP on the surface. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1928-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Tang ZL, Huang Y, Yu XB. Current status and perspectives of Clonorchis sinensis and clonorchiasis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, omics, prevention and control. Infect Dis Poverty 2016; 5:71. [PMID: 27384714 PMCID: PMC4933995 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-016-0166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonorchiasis, caused by Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis), is an important food-borne parasitic disease and one of the most common zoonoses. Currently, it is estimated that more than 200 million people are at risk of C. sinensis infection, and over 15 million are infected worldwide. C. sinensis infection is closely related to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), fibrosis and other human hepatobiliary diseases; thus, clonorchiasis is a serious public health problem in endemic areas. This article reviews the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology, disease burden and treatment of clonorchiasis as well as summarizes the techniques for detecting C. sinensis infection in humans and intermediate hosts and vaccine development against clonorchiasis. Newer data regarding the pathogenesis of clonorchiasis and the genome, transcriptome and secretome of C. sinensis are collected, thus providing perspectives for future studies. These advances in research will aid the development of innovative strategies for the prevention and control of clonorchiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Li Tang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Bing Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
On Aug 21, 1875, James McConnell published in The Lancet his findings from a post-mortem examination of a 20-year-old Chinese man--undertaken at the Medical College Hospital in Calcutta, India--in whom he found Clonorchis sinensis in the bile ducts. Now, exactly 140 years later, we have a sound understanding of the lifecycle of this liver fluke, including key clinical, diagnostic, and epidemiological features. Developments in the so-called -omics sciences have not only advanced our knowledge of the biology and pathology of the parasite, but also led to the discovery of new diagnostic, drug, and vaccine targets. C sinensis infection is primarily related to liver and biliary disorders, especially cholangiocarcinoma. Clonorchiasis mainly occurs in east Asia, as a result of the region's social-ecological systems and deeply rooted cultural habit of consuming raw freshwater fish. The Kato-Katz technique, applied on fresh stool samples, is the most widely used diagnostic approach. Praziquantel is the treatment of choice and has been considered for preventive chemotherapy. Tribendimidine showed good safety and therapeutic profiles in phase 2 trials and warrants further investigation. Still today, the precise distribution, the exact number of infected people, subtle morbidities and pathogenesis, and the global burden of clonorchiasis are unknown. Integrated control strategies, consisting of preventive chemotherapy; information, education, and communication; environmental management; and capacity building through intersectoral collaboration should be advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Men-Bao Qian
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China; World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China; World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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Yang Y, Liu L, Cai J, Wu J, Guan H, Zhu X, Yuan J, Chen S, Li M. Targeting Smad2 and Smad3 by miR-136 suppresses metastasis-associated traits of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Oncol Res 2015; 21:345-52. [PMID: 25198664 DOI: 10.3727/096504014x14024160459285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β/Smad signaling induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor metastasis. As essential mediators in this pathway, Smad2 and Smad3 have been extensively studied and found to promote EMT and the subsequent mobility as well as invasiveness of lung cancer cells. In the present study, we determined that miR-136 directly targeted Smad2 and Smad3, leading to reduced migration and invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) cell lines, accompanied by increased epithelial markers as well as decreased mesenchymal markers. Moreover, ectopic expression of either Smad2 or Smad3 partially restored the malignant phenotype of ADC cells overexpressing miR-136. Taken together, our data demonstrate that miR-136 may play a tumor-suppressive role by repressing EMT and prometastatic traits via targeting Smad2 and Smad3. The potent antimetastasis property of miR-136 and its multitarget mechanism provide new insights in developing novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Yu J, Chen T, Xie Z, Liang P, Qu H, Shang M, Mao Q, Ning D, Tang Z, Shi M, Zhou L, Huang Y, Yu X. Oral delivery of Bacillus subtilis spore expressing enolase of Clonorchis sinensis in rat model: induce systemic and local mucosal immune responses and has no side effect on liver function. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:2499-505. [PMID: 25877387 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked freshwater fish containing infective metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis, human clonorchiasis remains a major public health problem in China. In previous study, we had expressed enolase from C. sinensis (CsENO) on the surface of Bacillus subtilis spore and the recombinant spore induced a pronounced protection in terms of reduced worm burden and eggs per gram feces, suggesting B. subtilis spore as an ideal vehicle for antigen delivery by oral treatment and CsENO as a promising vaccine candidate against clonorchiasis. In the current study, we detected CsENO-specific IgG and IgA levels both in serum and in intestinal mucus from rats orally administrated with B. subtilis spore surface expressing CsENO by ELISA. Lysozyme levels in serum and in intestinal mucus were analyzed too. In addition, IgA-secreting cells in intestine epithelium of the rats were detected by immunohistochemistry assay. The intestinal villi lengths of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were also measured. Rats orally treated with B. subtilis spore or normal saline were used as controls. Our results showed that, compared with the control groups, oral administration of B. subtilis spore expressing CsENO induced both systemic and local mucosal immune response. The recombinant spores also enhanced non-specific immune response in rats. The spores had no side effect on liver function. Moreover, it might facilitate food utilization and digestion of the rats. Our work will pave the way to clarify the involved mechanisms of protective efficacy elicited by B. subtilis spore expressing CsENO and encourage us to carry out more assessment trails of the oral treated spore to develop vaccine against clonorchiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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da Silva AJ, Zangirolami TC, Novo-Mansur MTM, Giordano RDC, Martins EAL. Live bacterial vaccine vectors: an overview. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 45:1117-29. [PMID: 25763014 PMCID: PMC4323283 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000400001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically attenuated microorganisms, pathogens, and some commensal bacteria can be engineered to deliver recombinant heterologous antigens to stimulate the host immune system, while still offering good levels of safety. A key feature of these live vectors is their capacity to stimulate mucosal as well as humoral and/or cellular systemic immunity. This enables the use of different forms of vaccination to prevent pathogen colonization of mucosal tissues, the front door for many infectious agents. Furthermore, delivery of DNA vaccines and immune system stimulatory molecules, such as cytokines, can be achieved using these special carriers, whose adjuvant properties and, sometimes, invasive capacities enhance the immune response. More recently, the unique features and versatility of these vectors have also been exploited to develop anti-cancer vaccines, where tumor-associated antigens, cytokines, and DNA or RNA molecules are delivered. Different strategies and genetic tools are constantly being developed, increasing the antigenic potential of agents delivered by these systems, opening fresh perspectives for the deployment of vehicles for new purposes. Here we summarize the main characteristics of the different types of live bacterial vectors and discuss new applications of these delivery systems in the field of vaccinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson José da Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química Universidade Federal de São Carlos São CarlosSP Brazil Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Teresa Cristina Zangirolami
- Departamento de Engenharia Química Universidade Federal de São Carlos São CarlosSP Brazil Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Marques Novo-Mansur
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução Universidade Federal de São Carlos São CarlosSP Brazil Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto de Campos Giordano
- Departamento de Engenharia Química Universidade Federal de São Carlos São CarlosSP Brazil Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Angélica Leme Martins
- Centro de Biotecnologia Instituto Butantan São PauloSP Brazil Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Zhou Z, Gong S, Li XM, Yang Y, Guan R, Zhou S, Yao S, Xie Y, Ou Z, Zhao J, Liu Z. Expression of Helicobacter pylori urease B on the surface of Bacillus subtilis spores. J Med Microbiol 2015; 64:104-110. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.076430-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwen Zhou
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 318 Renminzhong Road, 510120 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Sitang Gong
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 318 Renminzhong Road, 510120 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1198, 1, Gustave L. Levy Place, 10029-6574 NY, USA
| | - Yiyu Yang
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 318 Renminzhong Road, 510120 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ruili Guan
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 318 Renminzhong Road, 510120 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 318 Renminzhong Road, 510120 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuwen Yao
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 318 Renminzhong Road, 510120 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Xie
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 318 Renminzhong Road, 510120 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhiying Ou
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 318 Renminzhong Road, 510120 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Junhong Zhao
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 318 Renminzhong Road, 510120 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Medicine school, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Ave, 3688, Shenzhen, Guangdong 578060, PR China
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Wen W, He Z, Jing Q, Hu Y, Lin C, Zhou R, Wang X, Su Y, Yuan J, Chen Z, Yuan J, Wu J, Li J, Zhu X, Li M. Cellular microRNA-miR-548g-3p modulates the replication of dengue virus. J Infect 2014; 70:631-40. [PMID: 25499200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been well recognized that microRNA plays a role in the host-pathogen interaction network. The significance of microRNA in the regulation of dengue virus (DENV) replication, however, remains unknown. The objective of our study was to determine the biological function of miR-548g-3p in modulating the replication of dengue virus. METHODS Here we report that employment of a microRNA target search algorithm to analyze the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) consensus sequences of DENV (DENV serotypes 1-4) led to a discovery that miR-548g-3p directly targets the stem loop A promoter element within the 5'UTR, a region essential for DENV replication. Real-time PCR was used to measure the expression levels of miR-548g-3p under DENV infection. We performed overexpression and inhibition assays to test the role of miR-548g-3p on DENV replication. The protein and mRNA levels of interferon were measured by ELISA and real-time PCR respectively. RESULT We found that overexpression of miR-548g-3p suppressed multiplication of DENV 1, 2, 3 and 4, and that miR-548g-3p was also found to interfere with DENV translation, thereby suppressing the expression of viral proteins. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that miR-548g-3p directly regulates DENV replication and warrant further study to investigate the feasibility of microRNA-based anti-DENV approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules in Oceanic Microorganism (Sun Yat-sen University), Bureau of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhenjian He
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules in Oceanic Microorganism (Sun Yat-sen University), Bureau of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qinlong Jing
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Yiwen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules in Oceanic Microorganism (Sun Yat-sen University), Bureau of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Cuiji Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules in Oceanic Microorganism (Sun Yat-sen University), Bureau of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yangfan Su
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiehao Yuan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhenxin Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules in Oceanic Microorganism (Sun Yat-sen University), Bureau of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jueheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules in Oceanic Microorganism (Sun Yat-sen University), Bureau of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules in Oceanic Microorganism (Sun Yat-sen University), Bureau of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules in Oceanic Microorganism (Sun Yat-sen University), Bureau of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Mengfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules in Oceanic Microorganism (Sun Yat-sen University), Bureau of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
A variety of bioactive peptides and proteins have been successfully displayed on the surface of recombinant spores of
Bacillus subtilis
and other sporeformers. In most cases, spore display has been achieved by stably anchoring the foreign molecules to endogenous surface proteins or parts of them. Recombinant spores have been proposed for a large number of potential applications ranging from oral vaccine vehicles to bioremediation tools, and including biocatalysts, probiotics for animal or human use, as well as the generation and screening of mutagenesis libraries. In addition, a nonrecombinant approach has been recently developed to adsorb antigens and enzymes on the spore surface. This nonrecombinant approach appears particularly well suited for applications involving the delivery of active molecules to human or animal mucosal surfaces. Both the recombinant and nonrecombinant spore display systems have a number of advantages over cell- or phage-based systems. The stability, safety of spores of several bacterial species, and amenability to laboratory manipulations, together with the lack of some constraints limiting the use of other systems, make the spore a highly efficient platform to display heterologous proteins.
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Zhu X, He Z, Hu Y, Wen W, Lin C, Yu J, Pan J, Li R, Deng H, Liao S, Yuan J, Wu J, Li J, Li M. MicroRNA-30e* suppresses dengue virus replication by promoting NF-κB-dependent IFN production. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3088. [PMID: 25122182 PMCID: PMC4133224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs have been shown to contribute to a repertoire of host-pathogen interactions during viral infection. Our previous study demonstrated that microRNA-30e* (miR-30e*) directly targeted the IκBα 3'-UTR and disrupted the NF-κB/IκBα negative feedback loop, leading to hyperactivation of NF-κB. This current study investigated the possible role of miR-30e* in the regulation of innate immunity associated with dengue virus (DENV) infection. We found that DENV infection could induce miR-30e* expression in DENV-permissive cells, and such an overexpression of miR-30e* upregulated IFN-β and the downstream IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) such as OAS1, MxA and IFITM1, and suppressed DENV replication. Furthermore, suppression of IκBα mediates the enhancing effect of miR-30e* on IFN-β-induced antiviral response. Collectively, our findings suggest a modulatory role of miR-30e* in DENV induced IFN-β signaling via the NF-κB-dependent pathway. Further investigation is needed to evaluate whether miR-30e* has an anti-DENV effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules in Oceanic Microorganism (Sun Yat-sen University), Bureau of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjian He
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules in Oceanic Microorganism (Sun Yat-sen University), Bureau of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules in Oceanic Microorganism (Sun Yat-sen University), Bureau of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weitao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules in Oceanic Microorganism (Sun Yat-sen University), Bureau of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiji Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules in Oceanic Microorganism (Sun Yat-sen University), Bureau of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianchen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules in Oceanic Microorganism (Sun Yat-sen University), Bureau of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haijing Deng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaowei Liao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules in Oceanic Microorganism (Sun Yat-sen University), Bureau of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jueheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules in Oceanic Microorganism (Sun Yat-sen University), Bureau of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules in Oceanic Microorganism (Sun Yat-sen University), Bureau of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules in Oceanic Microorganism (Sun Yat-sen University), Bureau of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Chen W, Wang X, Lv X, Tian Y, Xu Y, Mao Q, Shang M, Li X, Huang Y, Yu X. Characterization of the secreted cathepsin B cysteine proteases family of the carcinogenic liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:3409-18. [PMID: 24985496 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis excretory/secretory products (ESP) have gained high attentions because of their potential to be vaccine candidates and drug targets in C. sinensis prevention. In this study, we extensively profiled the characteristics of four C. sinensis cathepsin B cysteine proteases (CsCB1, CsCB2, CsCB3, and CsCB4). Bioinformatics analysis showed all CsCBs contained signal peptides at the N-terminal. Functional domains and residues were found in CsCB sequences. We expressed four CsCBs and profiled immune responses followed by vaccine trials. Recombinant CsCBs could induce high IgG titers, indicating high immunogenicity of CsCB family. Additionally, ELISA results showed that both IgG1 and IgG2a levels apparently increased post-immunization with all four CsCBs, showing that combined Th1/Th2 immune responses were triggered by CsCB family. Both Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting confirmed that four CsCBs have distinct expression patterns in C. sinensis life stages. More importantly, we validated our hypothesis that CsCBs were C. sinensis excretory/secretory products. CsCBs could be recognized by C. sinensis-infected sera throughout the infection period, indicating that secreted CsCBs are immune triggers during C. sinensis infection. The protective effect was assessed by comparing the worm burden and egg per gram (EPG) between CsCB group and control group, showing that worm burden (P < 0.01) and EPG (P < 0.01) in CsCB2 and CsCB3 groups were significantly lower than in control group. In conclusion, we profiled secreted cathepsin B cysteine proteases family for the first time and demonstrated that all CsCB family were C. sinensis excretory/secretory products that may regulate host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
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47
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Wang X, Chen W, Tian Y, Mao Q, Lv X, Shang M, Li X, Yu X, Huang Y. Surface display of Clonorchis sinensis enolase on Bacillus subtilis spores potentializes an oral vaccine candidate. Vaccine 2014; 32:1338-45. [PMID: 24486347 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) infections remain the common public health problem in freshwater fish consumption areas. New effective prevention strategies are still the urgent challenges to control this kind of foodborne infectious disease. The biochemical importance and biological relevance render C. sinensis enolase (Csenolase) as a potential vaccine candidate. In the present study, we constructed Escherichia coli/Bacillus subtilis shuttle genetic engineering system and investigated the potential of Csenolase as an oral vaccine candidate for C. sinensis prevention in different immunization routes. Our results showed that, compared with control groups, both recombinant Csenolase protein and nucleic acid could induce a mixed IgG1/IgG2a immune response when administrated subcutaneously (P<0.001), intraperitoneally (P<0.01) and intramuscularly (P<0.001) with worm reduction rate of 56.29%, 15.38% and 37.42%, respectively. More importantly, Csenolase could be successfully expressed as a fusion protein (55kDa) on B. subtilis spore indicated by immunoblot and immunofluorescence assays. Killed spores triggered reactive Th1/Th2 immune response and exhibited protective efficacy against C. sinensis infection. Csenolase derived oral vaccine conferred worm reduction rate and egg reduction rate at 60.07% (P<0.001) and 80.67% (P<0.001), respectively. The shuttle genetic engineering system facilitated the development of oral vaccine with B. subtilis stably overexpressing target protein. Comparably vaccinal trails with Csenolase in different immunization routes potentialize Csenolase an oral vaccine candidate in C. sinensis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Tian
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Mao
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Lv
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Shang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuerong Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinbing Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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48
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Abstract
Over the past three decades, a powerful array of techniques has been developed for expressing heterologous proteins and saccharides on the surface of bacteria. Surface-engineered bacteria, in turn, have proven useful in a variety of settings, including high-throughput screening, biofuel production, and vaccinology. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive review of methods for displaying polypeptides and sugars on the bacterial cell surface, and discuss the many innovative applications these methods have found to date. While already an important biotechnological tool, we believe bacterial surface display may be further improved through integration with emerging methodology in other fields, such as protein engineering and synthetic chemistry. Ultimately, we envision bacterial display becoming a multidisciplinary platform with the potential to transform basic and applied research in bacteriology, biotechnology, and biomedicine.
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49
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Saijuntha W, Sithithaworn P, Kaitsopit N, Andrews RH, Petney TN. Liver flukes: Clonorchis and Opisthorchis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 766:153-99. [PMID: 24903366 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0915-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weerachai Saijuntha
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand,
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50
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Zhou J, Sun J, Huang Y, Zhou C, Liang P, Zheng M, Liang C, Xu J, Li X, Yu X. Molecular identification, immunolocalization, and characterization of Clonorchis sinensis calmodulin. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:1709-17. [PMID: 23417096 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3329-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
One cDNA clone (Cs18h09) encoding Clonorchis sinensis calmodulin (CsCaM) was isolated from our adult cDNA plasmid library. The open reading frame of CsCaM contains 450 bp which encodes 149 amino acids. CsCaM protein comprises four calcium-binding EF-hand motifs. The amino acid sequence of CsCaM shares very high homology with other species. Quantitative RT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that CsCaM mRNA was constitutively transcribed in development cycle stages of the parasite, including adult worm, metacercaria, excysted metacercaria, and egg. In addition, recombinant CsCaM (rCsCaM) was expressed as a soluble protein and anti-rCsCaM rat serum could detect CsCaM in the C. sinensis somatic extracts but not in the C. sinensis excretory-secretory products (ESPs). Moreover, immunolocalization assay showed that CsCaM was located in tegument, intestine, pharynx, and eggs. Furthermore, rCsCaM was found to bind calcium ion (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) in electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Ca2+ binding increased the ability of rCsCaM to bind the hydrophobic fluorescent probe 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulphonate, causing a blue shift in the fluorescence emission from 540 to 515 nm with an excitation wavelength of 380 nm and substantial increase in fluorescence intensity but not Mg2+. Collectively, here we showed the basic characterization of CsCaM and inferred that CsCaM could be a Ca2+ sensor protein, and CsCaM may possibly participate in growth and development of adult worm and egg of C. sinensis through binding Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, and Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, No 74, The Second Zhongshan RD, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
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