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Silvestre D, Moreno G, Argüelles MH, Tomás Fariña J, Biedma ME, Peri Ibáñez ES, Mandile MG, Glikmann G, Rumbo M, Castello AA, Temprana CF. Display of FliC131 on the Surface of Lactococcus lactis as a Strategy to Increase its Adjuvanticity for Mucosal Immunization. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1794-1803. [PMID: 38522753 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Research on innovative mucosal adjuvants is essential to develop new vaccines for safe mucosal application. In this work, we propose the development of a Lactococcus lactis that expresses a variant of flagellin on its surface (FliC131*), to increase the adjuvanticity of the living cell and cell wall-derived particles (CWDP). We optimized the expression of FliC131*, and confirmed its identity and localization by Western blot and flow cytometry. We also generated CWDP containing FliC131* (CDWP-FliC131*) and evaluated their storage stability. Lastly, we measured the human TLR5 stimulating activity in vitro and assessed the adjuvanticity in vivo using ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen. As a result, we generated L. lactis/pCWA-FliC131*, that expresses and displays FliC131* on its surface, obtained the corresponding CWDP-FliC131*, and showed that both activated hTLR5 in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, CWDP-FliC131* retained this biological activity after being lyophilized and stored for a year. Finally, intranasal immunization of mice with OVA plus live L. lactis/pCWA-FliC131* or CWDP-FliC131* induced OVA-specific IgG and IgA in serum, intestinal lavages, and bronchoalveolar lavages. Our work demonstrates the potential of this recombinant L. lactis with an enhanced adjuvant effect, prompting its further evaluation for the design of novel mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Silvestre
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, 1876, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1425, Argentina
| | - Griselda Moreno
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNLP-CONICET), Boulevard 120 1489, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Marcelo H Argüelles
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, 1876, Argentina
| | - Julieta Tomás Fariña
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, 1876, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1425, Argentina
| | - Marina E Biedma
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNLP-CONICET), Boulevard 120 1489, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Estefanía S Peri Ibáñez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, 1876, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1425, Argentina
| | - Marcelo G Mandile
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, 1876, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1425, Argentina
| | - Graciela Glikmann
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, 1876, Argentina
| | - Martín Rumbo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNLP-CONICET), Boulevard 120 1489, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Alejandro A Castello
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, 1876, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche, Av. Calchaquí 6200, Florencio Varela, 1888, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Facundo Temprana
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, 1876, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1425, Argentina.
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Immunogenic Modification of Ligilactobacillus agilis by Specific Amino Acid Substitution of Flagellin. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0127722. [PMID: 36173204 PMCID: PMC9599256 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01277-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligilactobacillus agilis is a flagellated motile commensal microbe that resides in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals and birds. Flagellin, the major subunit protein of flagellar filament, from pathogenic bacteria is generally a proinflammatory molecule that stimulates immune cells via Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5). Interestingly, the flagellins of L. agilis are known to be immunologically attenuated despite the fact that the structure of the proteins, including the TLR5 recognition site, is highly conserved among bacteria. The results of our previous study suggested that this is attributed to the differences in three specific amino acids within the conserved TLR5 recognition site; however, this hypothesis remains to be confirmed. In this study, a series of recombinant L. agilis flagellins, with amino acid substitutions at the TLR5 recognition site, were constructed, and their immunogenic activity was evaluated in vitro. Then, an L. agilis strain with an active immunogenic TLR5 recognition site was generated. In vitro and in vivo immunological studies revealed that the mutant L. agilis strain with the modified flagellin was more immunogenic than the wild-type strain. In conclusion, the specific amino acid residues in L. agilis flagellins likely contribute to the discrimination between pathogens and commensals by the host defense system. Additionally, the immunogenically potent L. agilis mutants may serve as a useful platform for oral vaccine delivery. IMPORTANCE The interactions between gut microbes and immune cells play an important role in the health and disease of hosts. Ligilactobacillus agilis is a flagellated commensal bacterium found in the gut of mammals and birds. However, the flagellin proteins of L. agilis are immunologically attenuated and barely induce TLR5-dependent inflammation, unlike the flagellins of several pathogenic bacteria. This study demonstrated that three specific amino acids in the flagellin protein are responsible for this low immunogenicity in L. agilis. The results obtained herein improve our understanding of the symbiosis between gut microbes and their hosts.
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Manohar MM, Campbell BE, Walduck AK, Moore RJ. Enhancement of live vaccines by co-delivery of immune modulating proteins. Vaccine 2022; 40:5769-5780. [PMID: 36064671 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines are very effective in providing protection against many infectious diseases. However, it has proven difficult to develop highly efficacious vaccines against some pathogens and so there is a continuing need to improve vaccine technologies. The first successful and widely used vaccines were based on attenuated pathogens (e.g., laboratory passaged Pasteurella multocida to vaccinate against fowl cholera) or closely related non-pathogenic organisms (e.g., cowpox to vaccinate against smallpox). Subsequently, live vaccines, either attenuated pathogens or non-pathogenic microorganisms modified to deliver heterologous antigens, have been successfully used to induce protective immune responses against many pathogens. Unlike conventional killed and subunit vaccines, live vaccines can deliver antigens to mucosal surfaces in a similar manner and context as the natural infection and hence can often produce a more appropriate and protective immune response. Despite these advantages, there is still a need to improve the immunogenicity of some live vaccines. The efficacy of injectable killed and subunit vaccines is usually enhanced using adjuvants such mineral salts, oils, and saponin, but such adjuvants cannot be used with live vaccines. Instead, live vaccines can be engineered to produce immunomodulatory molecules that can stimulate the immune system to induce more robust and long-lasting adaptive immune responses. This review focuses on research that has been undertaken to engineer live vaccines to produce immunomodulatory molecules that act as adjuvants to increase immunogenicity. Adjuvant strategies with varying mechanisms of action (inflammatory, antibody-mediated, cell-mediated) and delivery modes (oral, intramuscular, intranasal) have been investigated, with varying degrees of success. The goal of such research is to define adjuvant strategies that can be adapted to enhance live vaccine efficacy by triggering strong innate and adaptive immune responses and produce vaccines against a wider range of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha M Manohar
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | | | - Anna K Walduck
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | - Robert J Moore
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
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Luengo‐Gil G, Conesa‐Zamora P. Potential Utility of Induced Translocation of Engineered Bacteria as a Therapeutic Agent for Mounting a Personalized Neoantigen-Based Tumor Immune Response. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2022; 6:2100051. [PMID: 35284089 PMCID: PMC8902290 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Today, an unprecedented understanding of the cancer genome, along with major breakthroughs in oncoimmunotherapy, and a resurgence of nucleic acid vaccines against cancer are being achieved. However, in most cases, the immune system response is still insufficient to react against cancer, especially in those tumors showing low mutational burden. One way to counteract tumor escape can be the induction of bacterial translocation, a phenomenon associated with autoimmune diseases which consists of a leakage in the colonic mucosa barrier, causing the access of gut bacteria to sterile body compartments such as blood. Certain commensal or live-attenuated bacteria can be engineered in such a way as to contain nucleic acids coding for tumor neoantigens previously selected from individual tumor RNAseq data. Hypothetically, these modified bacteria, previously administered orally to a cancer patient, can be translocated by several compounds acting on colonic mucosa, thus releasing neoantigens in a systemic environment in the context of an acute inflammation. Several strategies for selecting neoantigens, suitable bacteria strains, genetic constructs, and translocation inducers to achieve tumor-specific activations of CD4 and CD8 T-cells are discussed in this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginés Luengo‐Gil
- Clinical Analysis and Pathology DepartmentGroup of Molecular Pathology and PharmacogeneticsInstitute for Biohealth Research from Murcia (IMIB)Hospital Universitario Santa Lucíac/Mezquita snCartagena30202Spain
| | - Pablo Conesa‐Zamora
- Clinical Analysis and Pathology DepartmentGroup of Molecular Pathology and PharmacogeneticsInstitute for Biohealth Research from Murcia (IMIB)Hospital Universitario Santa Lucíac/Mezquita snCartagena30202Spain
- Pathology and Histology DepartmentFacultad de Ciencias de la SaludUCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de MurciaCampus de los Jerónimos, s/n, GuadalupeMurcia30107Spain
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Gong W, Pan C, Cheng P, Wang J, Zhao G, Wu X. Peptide-Based Vaccines for Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:830497. [PMID: 35173740 PMCID: PMC8841753 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. As a result of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the global TB mortality rate in 2020 is rising, making TB prevention and control more challenging. Vaccination has been considered the best approach to reduce the TB burden. Unfortunately, BCG, the only TB vaccine currently approved for use, offers some protection against childhood TB but is less effective in adults. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new TB vaccines that are more effective than BCG. Accumulating data indicated that peptides or epitopes play essential roles in bridging innate and adaptive immunity and triggering adaptive immunity. Furthermore, innovations in bioinformatics, immunoinformatics, synthetic technologies, new materials, and transgenic animal models have put wings on the research of peptide-based vaccines for TB. Hence, this review seeks to give an overview of current tools that can be used to design a peptide-based vaccine, the research status of peptide-based vaccines for TB, protein-based bacterial vaccine delivery systems, and animal models for the peptide-based vaccines. These explorations will provide approaches and strategies for developing safer and more effective peptide-based vaccines and contribute to achieving the WHO’s End TB Strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Gong
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xueqiong Wu, ; Guangyu Zhao,
| | - Xueqiong Wu
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xueqiong Wu, ; Guangyu Zhao,
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Wang W, Xu Y, Huang H, Pang Z, Fu Z, Niu J, Zhang C, Li W, Li X, Sun B. Correlation between microbial communities and flavor compounds during the fifth and sixth rounds of sauce-flavor baijiu fermentation. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110741. [PMID: 34865760 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sauce-flavor baijiu is a representative of Chinese traditional fermented baijiu using grains as the raw materials through the co-fermentation of microorganisms. The whole manufacturing process includes 7 times of distillation and generates 7 kinds of base baijius. The final product is a mixture of the 7 kinds of base baijius. Thus the base baijius greatly affect the quality of the final product. The quality of the base baijiu obtained by the sixth distillation is obviously poorer than that of the fifth one. However, the reason is still unclear and limits the quality control of baijiu fermentation. In this study, the flavor substances and microbiota in the up, middle and bottom layers of fermented grains in the fifth and sixth rounds were compared. Some flavor esters showed obviously decreased concentrations in the sixth round, including ethyl benzoneacetic acid, ethyl hexanoic acid, ethyl dodecanoic acid, diethyl butanedioic acid, and ethyl 2-hydroxyl-propanoic acid. Meanwhile, an off-flavor p-cresol was detected in the sixth round. Correlation analysis of flavor chemicals and microbiota indicated that fungi in the fifth round played an important role for ester synthesis. Some bacterial and fungal species were both positively correlated with p-cresol synthesis, and the related p-cresol metabolic pathways were proposed for the first time. These results revealed flavor divergences of fermented grains between the fifth and sixth rounds, and will ultimately help to improve baijiu quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Youqiang Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Huiqin Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zemin Pang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhilei Fu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jialiang Niu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chengnan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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Pan C, Yue H, Zhu L, Ma GH, Wang HL. Prophylactic vaccine delivery systems against epidemic infectious diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113867. [PMID: 34280513 PMCID: PMC8285224 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Prophylactic vaccines have evolved from traditional whole-cell vaccines to safer subunit vaccines. However, subunit vaccines still face problems, such as poor immunogenicity and low efficiency, while traditional adjuvants are usually unable to meet specific response needs. Advanced delivery vectors are important to overcome these barriers; they have favorable safety and effectiveness, tunable properties, precise location, and immunomodulatory capabilities. Nevertheless, there has been no systematic summary of the delivery systems to cover a wide range of infectious pathogens. We herein summarized and compared the delivery systems for major or epidemic infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. We also included the newly licensed vaccines (e.g., COVID-19 vaccines) and those close to licensure. Furthermore, we highlighted advanced delivery systems with high efficiency, cross-protection, or long-term protection against epidemic pathogens, and we put forward prospects and thoughts on the development of future prophylactic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Hua Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Guang-Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Heng-Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, PR China.
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Kong Y, Li M, Tian J, Zhao L, Kang Y, Zhang L, Wang G, Shan X. Effects of recombinant Lactobacillus casei on growth performance, immune response and disease resistance in crucian carp, Carassius auratus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:73-85. [PMID: 32032762 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we constructed two recombinant Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) Lc-pPG-1-AcrV (surface-displayed) and Lc-pPG-2-AcrV (secretory) constitutively expressing AcrV protein of Aeromonas veronii (A. veronii). Expression of recombinant AcrV protein was verified by western blot and immunofluorescence technique. Compared with PBS group, the final weight (FW), weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed Lc-pPG-1-AcrV, Lc-pPG-2-AcrV and Lc-pPG diets after 56 days observed significantly increase (p < 0.05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed a significantly decrease (p < 0.05). The recombinant L. casei strains were orally administrated to crucian carp, and significant increased (p < 0.05) the immunoglobulin M (IgM), elevated the acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lysozyme (LZM) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum. Moreover, leukocytes phagocytosis percentage and index of the recombinant L. casei were both enhanced. The results demonstrated that the recombinant L. casei could elicit systemic immune responses and increase the serum immunological index. The Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) levels in liver, spleen, kidney and intestine have up regulated significantly in tissues (p < 0.05), suggesting that the recombinant L. casei has the ability to induce expression of cytokines and enhance the innate immune response. Higher survival rates were exhibited that crucian carp immunized with Lc-pPG-1-AcrV (67.5%) and Lc-pPG-2-AcrV (52.5%) after challenge with A. veronii. In conclusion, these two recombinant L. casei vaccine were effective in improving crucian carp growth, immunity response and disease resistance. The recombinant L. casei strains may be a promising candidate for the development of an oral vaccine against A. veronii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Jiaxin Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Linhui Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Yuanhuan Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Vilander AC, Dean GA. Adjuvant Strategies for Lactic Acid Bacterial Mucosal Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040150. [PMID: 31623188 PMCID: PMC6963626 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are Gram-positive, acid-tolerant bacteria that have long been used in food fermentation and are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). LAB are a part of a normal microbiome and act as probiotics, improving the gastrointestinal microbiome and health when consumed. An increasing body of research has shown the importance of the microbiome on both mucosal immune heath and immune response to pathogens and oral vaccines. Currently, there are few approved mucosal vaccines, and most are attenuated viruses or bacteria, which necessitates cold chain, carries the risk of reversion to virulence, and can have limited efficacy in individuals with poor mucosal health. On account of these limitations, new types of mucosal vaccine vectors are necessary. There has been increasing interest and success in developing recombinant LAB as next generation mucosal vaccine vectors due to their natural acid and bile resistance, stability at room temperature, endogenous activation of innate and adaptive immune responses, and the development of molecular techniques that allow for manipulation of their genomes. To enhance the immunogenicity of these LAB vaccines, numerous adjuvant strategies have been successfully employed. Here, we review these adjuvant strategies and their mechanisms of action which include: Toll-like receptor ligands, secretion of bacterial toxins, secretion of cytokines, direct delivery to antigen presenting cells, and enterocyte targeting. The ability to increase the immune response to LAB vaccines gives them the potential to be powerful mucosal vaccine vectors against mucosal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C Vilander
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Gregg A Dean
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Asadi Karam MR, Shirzad AM, Habibi M, Bouzari S. A heterologous prime-boost route of vaccination based on the truncated MrpH adhesin and adjuvant properties of the flagellin from Proteus mirabilis against urinary tract infections. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 58:40-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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LeCureux JS, Dean GA. Lactobacillus Mucosal Vaccine Vectors: Immune Responses against Bacterial and Viral Antigens. mSphere 2018; 3:e00061-18. [PMID: 29769376 PMCID: PMC5956152 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00061-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been utilized since the 1990s for therapeutic heterologous gene expression. The ability of LAB to elicit an immune response against expressed foreign antigens has led to their exploration as potential mucosal vaccine candidates. LAB vaccine vectors offer many attractive advantages: simple, noninvasive administration (usually oral or intranasal), the acceptance and stability of genetic modifications, relatively low cost, and the highest level of safety possible. Experimentation using LAB of the genus Lactobacillus has become popular in recent years due to their ability to elicit strong systemic and mucosal immune responses. This article reviews Lactobacillus vaccine constructs, including Lactobacillus species, antigen expression, model organisms, and in vivo immune responses, with a primary focus on viral and bacterial antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S LeCureux
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Evangel University, Springfield, Missouri, USA
| | - Gregg A Dean
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Ma ST, Ding GJ, Huang XW, Wang ZW, Wang L, Yu ML, Shi W, Jiang YP, Tang LJ, Xu YG, Li YJ. Immunogenicity in chickens with orally administered recombinant chicken-borne Lactobacillus saerimneri expressing FimA and OmpC antigen of O78 avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:441-451. [PMID: 29458539 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Avian colibacillosis is responsible for economic losses to poultry producers worldwide. To combat this, we aimed to develop an effective oral vaccine for chicken against O78 avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) infection through a Lactobacillus delivery system. METHODOLOGY Eight Lactobacillus strains isolated from the intestines of broiler chickens were evaluated based on their in vitro adherence ability to assess their potential as a delivery vector. Fimbrial subunit A (FimA) and outer-membrane protein C (OmpC) of APEC with and without fusion to dendritic cell-targeting peptide (DCpep) and microfold cell-targeting peptide (Co1) were displayed on the surface of Lactobacillus saerimneri M-11 and yielded vaccine groups (pPG-ompC-fimA/M-11 and pPG-ompC-fimA-Co1-DCpep/M-11, respectively). The colonization of the recombinant strains in vivo was assessed and the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of orally administered recombinant strains in chickens were evaluated. RESULTS The colonization of the recombinant strains in vivo revealed no significant differences between the recombinant and wild-type strains. Chickens orally administered with vaccine groups showed significantly higher levels of OmpC/FimA-specific IgG in serum and mucosal IgA in cecum lavage, nasal lavage and stool compared to the pPG/M-11 group. After challenge with APEC CVCC1553, better protective efficacy was observed in chickens orally immunized with pPG-ompC-fimA/M-11 and pPG-ompC-fimA-Co1-DCpep/M-11, but no significant differences were observed between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Recombinant chicken-borne L. saerimneri M-11 showed good immunogenicity in chickens, suggesting that it may be a promising vaccine candidate against APEC infections. However, the activity of mammalian DCpep and Co1 was not significant in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ting Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Mu Cai Street No. 59, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, PR China
| | - Guo-Jie Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Mu Cai Street No. 59, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xue-Wei Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Mu Cai Street No. 59, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, PR China
| | - Zi-Wei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Mu Cai Street No. 59, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Mu Cai Street No. 59, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, PR China
| | - Mei-Ling Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Mu Cai Street No. 59, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, PR China
| | - Wen Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Mu Cai Street No. 59, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yan-Ping Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Mu Cai Street No. 59, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, PR China
| | - Li-Jie Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Mu Cai Street No. 59, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yi-Gang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Mu Cai Street No. 59, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yi-Jing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Mu Cai Street No. 59, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, PR China
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Trombert A. Recombinant lactic acid bacteria as delivery vectors of heterologous antigens: the future of vaccination? Benef Microbes 2016; 6:313-24. [PMID: 25245573 DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lactic acid bacteria (LABs) are good candidates for the development of new oral vaccines and are attractive alternatives to attenuated pathogens. This review focuses on the use of wild-type and recombinant lactococci and lactobacilli with emphasis on their molecular design, immunomodulation and treatment of bacterial infections. The majority of studies related to recombinant LABs have focused on Lactococcus lactis, however, molecular tools have been successfully used for Lactobacillus spp. RESEARCH Recombinant lactobacilli and lactococci have several health benefits, such as immunomodulation, restoration of the microbiota, synthesis of antimicrobial substances and inhibition of virulence factors. In addition, protective immune responses that are well tolerated are induced by the expression of heterologous antigens from recombinant probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Trombert
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Piramide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
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Lin IYC, Van TTH, Smooker PM. Live-Attenuated Bacterial Vectors: Tools for Vaccine and Therapeutic Agent Delivery. Vaccines (Basel) 2015; 3:940-72. [PMID: 26569321 PMCID: PMC4693226 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines3040940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically attenuated microorganisms, including pathogenic and commensal bacteria, can be engineered to carry and deliver heterologous antigens to elicit host immunity against both the vector as well as the pathogen from which the donor gene is derived. These live attenuated bacterial vectors have been given much attention due to their capacity to induce a broad range of immune responses including localized mucosal, as well as systemic humoral and/or cell-mediated immunity. In addition, the unique tumor-homing characteristics of these bacterial vectors has also been exploited for alternative anti-tumor vaccines and therapies. In such approach, tumor-associated antigen, immunostimulatory molecules, anti-tumor drugs, or nucleotides (DNA or RNA) are delivered. Different potential vectors are appropriate for specific applications, depending on their pathogenic routes. In this review, we survey and summarize the main features of the different types of live bacterial vectors and discussed the clinical applications in the field of vaccinology. In addition, different approaches for using live attenuated bacterial vectors for anti-cancer therapy is discussed, and some promising pre-clinical and clinical studies in this field are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Y C Lin
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Plenty Road, Bundoora VIC-3083, Australia.
| | - Thi Thu Hao Van
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Plenty Road, Bundoora VIC-3083, Australia.
| | - Peter M Smooker
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Plenty Road, Bundoora VIC-3083, Australia.
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Kajikawa A, Zhang L, LaVoy A, Bumgardner S, Klaenhammer TR, Dean GA. Mucosal Immunogenicity of Genetically Modified Lactobacillus acidophilus Expressing an HIV-1 Epitope within the Surface Layer Protein. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141713. [PMID: 26509697 PMCID: PMC4624987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface layer proteins of probiotic lactobacilli are theoretically efficient epitope-displaying scaffolds for oral vaccine delivery due to their high expression levels and surface localization. In this study, we constructed genetically modified Lactobacillus acidophilus strains expressing the membrane proximal external region (MPER) from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) within the context of the major S-layer protein, SlpA. Intragastric immunization of mice with the recombinants induced MPER-specific and S-layer protein-specific antibodies in serum and mucosal secretions. Moreover, analysis of systemic SlpA-specific cytokines revealed that the responses appeared to be Th1 and Th17 dominant. These findings demonstrated the potential use of the Lactobacillus S-layer protein for development of oral vaccines targeting specific peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Kajikawa
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Alora LaVoy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sara Bumgardner
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Todd R. Klaenhammer
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gregg A. Dean
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
This chapter reviews papers mostly written since 2005 that report results using live attenuated bacterial vectors to deliver after administration through mucosal surfaces, protective antigens, and DNA vaccines, encoding protective antigens to induce immune responses and/or protective immunity to pathogens that colonize on or invade through mucosal surfaces. Papers that report use of such vaccine vector systems for parenteral vaccination or to deal with nonmucosal pathogens or do not address induction of mucosal antibody and/or cellular immune responses are not reviewed.
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Lee SH, Lee S, Chae C, Ryu DY. A recombinant chimera comprising the R1 and R2 repeat regions of M. hyopneumoniae P97 and the N-terminal region of A. pleuropneumoniae ApxIII elicits immune responses. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:43. [PMID: 24533486 PMCID: PMC3932138 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infection by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, either alone or together, causes serious respiratory diseases in pigs. Results To develop an efficient multi-disease subunit vaccine against these pathogens, we produced a chimeric protein called Ap97, which comprises a deletion derivative of the N-terminal region of the A. pleuropneumoniae ApxIII toxin (ApxN) and the R1 and R2 repeats of M. hyopneumoniae P97 adhesin (P97C), using an E. coli expression system. The levels of both IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes specific for ApxN and P97C in the sera of Ap97-immunized mice increased, and Ap97 induced the secretion of IL-4 and IFN-γ by mouse splenocytes. Antisera from mice and pigs immunized with Ap97 readily reacted with both native ApxIII and P97 proteins. In addition, immunization with the Ap97 vaccine effectively protected pigs against challenge with both pathogens. Conclusions These findings suggest that Ap97 confers immunogenicity, and is an effective vaccine that protects pigs against infection by M. hyopneumoniae and A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Doug-Young Ryu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
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Abstract
Over the past three decades, a powerful array of techniques has been developed for expressing heterologous proteins and saccharides on the surface of bacteria. Surface-engineered bacteria, in turn, have proven useful in a variety of settings, including high-throughput screening, biofuel production, and vaccinology. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive review of methods for displaying polypeptides and sugars on the bacterial cell surface, and discuss the many innovative applications these methods have found to date. While already an important biotechnological tool, we believe bacterial surface display may be further improved through integration with emerging methodology in other fields, such as protein engineering and synthetic chemistry. Ultimately, we envision bacterial display becoming a multidisciplinary platform with the potential to transform basic and applied research in bacteriology, biotechnology, and biomedicine.
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Amalaradjou MAR, Bhunia AK. Bioengineered probiotics, a strategic approach to control enteric infections. Bioengineered 2013; 4:379-87. [PMID: 23327986 PMCID: PMC3937199 DOI: 10.4161/bioe.23574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric infections account for high morbidity and mortality and are considered to be the fifth leading cause of death at all ages worldwide. Seventy percent of all enteric infections are foodborne. Thus significant efforts have been directed toward the detection, control and prevention of foodborne diseases. Many antimicrobials including antibiotics have been used for their control and prevention. However, probiotics offer a potential alternative intervention strategy owing to their general health beneficial properties and inhibitory effects against foodborne pathogens. Often, antimicrobial probiotic action is non-specific and non-discriminatory or may be ineffective. In such cases, bioengineered probiotics expressing foreign gene products to achieve specific function is highly desirable. In this review we summarize the strategic development of recombinant bioengineered probiotics to control enteric infections, and to examine how scientific advancements in the human microbiome and their immunomodulatory effects help develop such novel and safe bioengineered probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory; Department of Food Science; Purdue University; West Lafayette, IN USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology; Purdue University; West Lafayette, IN USA
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Zhang HX, Qiu YY, Zhao YH, Liu XT, Liu M, Yu AL. Immunogenicity of oral vaccination with Lactococcus lactis derived vaccine candidate antigen (UreB) of Helicobacter pylori fused with the human interleukin 2 as adjuvant. Mol Cell Probes 2013; 28:25-30. [PMID: 24036137 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection remains a significant global public health problem. Vaccine, especially edible vaccine, is considered to be effective in the management of H. pylori infections. By using recombinant technology, Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) could serve as an antigen-delivering vehicle for the development of edible vaccine. The aim of this study was to produce edible UreB (urease B) vaccine derived from L. lactis against H. pylori. The UreB subunit is the most effective and common immunogen of all strains of H. pylori. The UreB was produced as a chimeric protein fused with IL-2 (human interleukin 2) as the mucosal adjuvant. Mucosal immunization of mice with recombinant L. lactis NZ9000 containing the UreB-IL-2 protein elicited more anti-UreB antibody that specifically bounded to the purified bacterial UreB protein and more cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17, and had a lower H. pylori burden and urease activity than control mice. These results suggest that the recombinant L. lactis expressing UreB-IL-2 can be potentially used as an edible vaccine for controlling H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-xin Zhang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, Taishan Medical University, 2 Yingsheng East Road, Taian, Shandong 271000, PR China.
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Abstract
Lactobacilli are a subdominant component of the human intestinal microbiota that are also found in other body sites, certain foods, and nutrient-rich niches in the free environment. They represent the types of microorganisms that mammalian immune systems have learned not to react to, which is recognized as a potential driving force in the evolution of the human immune system. Co-evolution of lactobacilli and animals provides a rational basis to postulate an association with health benefits. To further complicate a description of their host interactions, lactobacilli may rarely cause opportunistic infections in compromised subjects. In this review, we focus primarily on human-Lactobacillus interactions. We overview the microbiological complexity of this extraordinarily diverse genus, we describe where lactobacilli are found in or on humans, what responses their presence elicits, and what microbial interaction and effector molecules have been identified. The rare cases of Lactobacillus septicaemia are explained in terms of the host impairment required for such an outcome. We discuss possibilities for exploitation of lactobacilli for therapeutic delivery and mucosal vaccination.
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Neville BA, Forde BM, Claesson MJ, Darby T, Coghlan A, Nally K, Ross RP, O’Toole PW. Characterization of pro-inflammatory flagellin proteins produced by Lactobacillus ruminis and related motile Lactobacilli. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40592. [PMID: 22808200 PMCID: PMC3393694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus ruminis is one of at least twelve motile but poorly characterized species found in the genus Lactobacillus. Of these, only L. ruminis has been isolated from mammals, and this species may be considered as an autochthonous member of the gastrointestinal microbiota of humans, pigs and cows. Nine L. ruminis strains were investigated here to elucidate the biochemistry and genetics of Lactobacillus motility. Six strains isolated from humans were non-motile while three bovine isolates were motile. A complete set of flagellum biogenesis genes was annotated in the sequenced genomes of two strains, ATCC25644 (human isolate) and ATCC27782 (bovine isolate), but only the latter strain produced flagella. Comparison of the L. ruminis and L. mali DSM20444(T) motility loci showed that their genetic content and gene-order were broadly similar, although the L. mali motility locus was interrupted by an 11.8 Kb region encoding rhamnose utilization genes that is absent from the L. ruminis motility locus. Phylogenetic analysis of 39 motile bacteria indicated that Lactobacillus motility genes were most closely related to those of motile carnobacteria and enterococci. Transcriptome analysis revealed that motility genes were transcribed at a significantly higher level in motile L. ruminis ATCC27782 than in non-motile ATCC25644. Flagellin proteins were isolated from L. ruminis ATCC27782 and from three other Lactobacillus species, while recombinant flagellin of aflagellate L. ruminis ATCC25644 was expressed and purified from E. coli. These native and recombinant Lactobacillus flagellins, and also flagellate L. ruminis cells, triggered interleukin-8 production in cultured human intestinal epithelial cells in a manner suppressed by short interfering RNA directed against Toll-Like Receptor 5. This study provides genetic, transcriptomic, phylogenetic and immunological insights into the trait of flagellum-mediated motility in the lactobacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Anne Neville
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Brian M. Forde
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Trevor Darby
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Avril Coghlan
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kenneth Nally
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- Teagasc, Moorepark Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul W. O’Toole
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Hu M, Su Z, Yin Y, Li J, Wei Q. Calcineurin B subunit triggers innate immunity and acts as a novel Engerix-B HBV vaccine adjuvant. Vaccine 2012; 30:4719-27. [PMID: 22652401 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We showed previously that calcineurin B subunit (CnB) protein activates innate immune cells including macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells and acts as an adjuvant of a model antigen (ovalbumin) and a recombinant pneumolysin antigen, but the detailed mechanism is not clear and whether it can serve as an adjuvant of a commercial HBV vaccine is unknown. Here, we report that CnB promotes inflammatory cytokines production, splenocytes proliferation and NK lytic activity, and that CnB-induced inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α) production is dependent on integrin αM. Animal experiments demonstrate that CnB markedly increases the total anti-HBs antibodies in a dose and time dependent manner. Furthermore, CnB increases both anti-HBs IgM and anti-HBs IgG titers and changes the balance of IgG2a and IgG1. Combined use of CnB and CpG induces more cytokines production in splenocytes, as well as more anti-HBs antibodies production in vivo. These results reveal a probable mechanism of CnB-induced inflammatory cytokines production and further demonstrate that CnB is a novel and effective adjuvant of Engerix-B HBV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minling Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing 100875, PR China
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Kajikawa A, Igimi S. Development of recombinant vaccines in lactobacilli for elimination of salmonella. Biosci Microflora 2011; 30:93-8. [PMID: 25045314 PMCID: PMC4103640 DOI: 10.12938/bifidus.30.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many Lactobacillus and Lactococcus strains are
generally regarded as safe for consumption because they are utilized for food fermentation
or inhabit the intestinal mucosa as commensals. Recently, vaccine delivery systems using
lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been under development. Our research group has been
investigating the development of oral mucosal vaccines against Salmonella
enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) using Lactobacillus casei
IGM393 as an antigen delivery vehicle. Recombinant lactobacilli expressing SE antigens,
FliC, SipC, and OmpC, have been constructed and orally administered to mice. Antigen
specific immune responses and protective immunity were elicited after the immunization.
For adjuvant-delivery, IL-1β-secreting L. casei was also engineered and
its effects evaluated in vitro and in vivo. This article
reviews a novel approach to the elimination of Salmonella via the
development of a vaccine in lactobacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Kajikawa
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 341 Schaub Hall, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Shizunobu Igimi
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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Gat O, Galen JE, Tennant S, Simon R, Blackwelder WC, Silverman DJ, Pasetti MF, Levine MM. Cell-associated flagella enhance the protection conferred by mucosally-administered attenuated Salmonella Paratyphi A vaccines. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1373. [PMID: 22069504 PMCID: PMC3206010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A, the agent of paratyphoid A fever, poses an emerging public health dilemma in endemic areas of Asia and among travelers, as there is no licensed vaccine. Integral to our efforts to develop a S. Paratyphi A vaccine, we addressed the role of flagella as a potential protective antigen by comparing cell-associated flagella with exported flagellin subunits expressed by attenuated strains. METHODOLOGY S. Paratyphi A strain ATCC 9150 was first deleted for the chromosomal guaBA locus, creating CVD 1901. Further chromosomal deletions in fliD (CVD 1901D) or flgK (CVD 1901K) were then engineered, resulting in the export of unpolymerized FliC, without impairing its overall expression. The virulence of the resulting isogenic strains was examined using a novel mouse LD(50) model to accommodate the human-host restricted S. Paratyphi A. The immunogenicity of the attenuated strains was then tested using a mouse intranasal model, followed by intraperitoneal challenge with wildtype ATCC 9150. RESULTS Mucosal (intranasal) immunization of mice with strain CVD 1901 expressing cell-associated flagella conferred superior protection (vaccine efficacy [VE], 90%) against a lethal intraperitoneal challenge, compared with the flagellin monomer-exporting mutants CVD 1901K (30% VE) or CVD 1901D (47% VE). The superior protection induced by CVD 1901 with its cell-attached flagella was associated with an increased IgG2a:IgG1 ratio of FliC-specific antibodies with enhanced opsonophagocytic capacity. CONCLUSIONS Our results clearly suggest that enhanced anti-FliC antibody-mediated clearance of S. Paratyphi A by phagocytic cells, induced by vaccines expressing cell-associated rather than exported FliC, might be contributing to the vaccine-induced protection from S. Paratyphi A challenge in vivo. We speculate that an excess of IgG1 anti-FliC antibodies induced by the exported FliC may compete with the IgG2a subtype and block binding to specific phagocyte Fc receptors that are critical for clearing an S. Paratyphi A infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Gat
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James E. Galen
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sharon Tennant
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Raphael Simon
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William C. Blackwelder
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David J. Silverman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marcela F. Pasetti
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Myron M. Levine
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Assessment of Lactobacillus gasseri as a candidate oral vaccine vector. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:1834-44. [PMID: 21900526 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.05277-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus species are commensal bacteria that have long been recognized as probiotic microbes and are generally regarded as safe (GRAS) for human consumption. We have investigated the use of L. gasseri as a vaccine vector for oral immunization against mucosal pathogens. Recent research has shown that the immune response to different lactobacilli can vary widely depending on the species or subspecies of Lactobacillus being studied. While some lactobacilli seem to induce oral tolerance, others induce an adaptive immune response. This study characterized the systemic and mucosal immune response to wild-type and genetically modified L. gasseri. L. gasseri primarily activates TLR2/6, with additional activation through the TLR2 homodimer. To expand the Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation profile of L. gasseri and the immunogenicity of the vector, a plasmid containing fliC, the gene encoding bacterial flagellin, was introduced which resulted in the strong activation of TLR5. The treatment of human myeloid dendritic cells with recombinant lactobacilli expressing flagellin triggered phenotypic maturation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines. In contrast, bacterial treatment also resulted in a statistically significant increase in IL-10 production. In vivo studies established that treatment with L. gasseri led to a diversification of B-cell populations in the lamina propria of the murine colon. Furthermore, treatment with genetically modified L. gasseri led to a significant decrease in the percentage of FoxP3(+) colonic lymphocytes. Taken together, these data clarify the interaction of L. gasseri with the host immune system and support further investigation of the in vivo immunogenicity of L. gasseri expressing both flagellin and candidate vaccine antigens.
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